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A conduit, girl? What, still in tears?Evermore showering? In one little bodyThou counterfeit'st a bark, a sea, a wind;For still thy eyes, which I may call the sea,Do ebb and flow with tears; the bark thy body is,Sailing in this salt flood; the winds, thy sighs;Who, raging with thy tears, and they with them,Without a sudden calm, will oversetThy tempest-tossed body. How now, wife!Have you deliver'd to her our decree?LADY CAPULET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAy, sir; but she will none, she gives you thanks. I would the fool were married to her grave!CAPULETSoft! Take me with you, take me with you, wife. How! Will she none? Doth she not give us thanks?Is she not proud? Doth she not count her blest,Unworthy as she is, that we have wroughtSo worthy a gentleman to be her bridegroom?JULIETNot proud, you have; but thankful, that you have:Proud can I never be of what I hate;But thankful even for hate, that is meant love. CAPULETHow now, how now, chop-logic! What is this?'Proud,' and 'I thank you,' and 'I thank you not;'And yet 'not proud,' mistress minion, you,Thank me no thankings, nor, proud me no prouds,But fettle your fine joints 'gainst Thursday next,To go with Paris to Saint Peter's Church,Or I will drag thee on a hurdle thither. Out, you green-sickness carrion! Out, you baggage!You tallow-face!LADY CAPULETFie, fie! What, are you mad?JULIETGood father, I beseech you on my knees,Hear me with patience but to speak a word. CAPULETHang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,Or never after look me in the face:Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;My fingers itch.
Out, you baggage!You tallow-face!LADY CAPULETFie, fie! What, are you mad?JULIETGood father, I beseech you on my knees,Hear me with patience but to speak a word. CAPULETHang thee, young baggage! Disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,Or never after look me in the face:Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blestThat God had lent us but this only child;But now I see this one is one too much,And that we have a curse in having her:Out on her, hilding!NurseGod in heaven bless her! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou are to blame, my lord, to rate her so. CAPULETAnd why, my lady wisdom? Hold your tongue,Good prudence; smatter with your gossips, go. NurseI speak no treason. CAPULETO, God ye god-den. NurseMay not one speak?CAPULETPeace, you mumbling fool!Utter your gravity o'er a gossip's bowl;For here we need it not. LADY CAPULETYou are too hot. CAPULETGod's bread!
Disobedient wretch!I tell thee what: get thee to church o' Thursday,Or never after look me in the face:Speak not, reply not, do not answer me;My fingers itch. Wife, we scarce thought us blestThat God had lent us but this only child;But now I see this one is one too much,And that we have a curse in having her:Out on her, hilding!NurseGod in heaven bless her! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou are to blame, my lord, to rate her so. CAPULETAnd why, my lady wisdom? Hold your tongue,Good prudence; smatter with your gossips, go. NurseI speak no treason. CAPULETO, God ye god-den. NurseMay not one speak?CAPULETPeace, you mumbling fool!Utter your gravity o'er a gossip's bowl;For here we need it not. LADY CAPULETYou are too hot. CAPULETGod's bread! It makes me mad:Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,Alone, in company, still my care hath beenTo have her match'd: and having now providedA gentleman of noble parentage,Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts,Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man;And then to have a wretched puling fool,A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,I am too young; I pray you, pardon me. 'But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:Graze where you will you shall not house with me:Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest. Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise:An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die inthe streets,For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee,Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMExitJULIETIs there no pity sitting in the clouds,That sees into the bottom of my grief?O, sweet my mother, cast me not away!Delay this marriage for a month, a week;Or, if you do not, make the bridal bedIn that dim monument where Tybalt lies. LADY CAPULETTalk not to me, for I'll not speak a word:Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. ExitJULIETO God!--O nurse, how shall this be prevented?My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that husband send it me from heavenBy leaving earth?
Wife, we scarce thought us blestThat God had lent us but this only child;But now I see this one is one too much,And that we have a curse in having her:Out on her, hilding!NurseGod in heaven bless her! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou are to blame, my lord, to rate her so. CAPULETAnd why, my lady wisdom? Hold your tongue,Good prudence; smatter with your gossips, go. NurseI speak no treason. CAPULETO, God ye god-den. NurseMay not one speak?CAPULETPeace, you mumbling fool!Utter your gravity o'er a gossip's bowl;For here we need it not. LADY CAPULETYou are too hot. CAPULETGod's bread! It makes me mad:Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,Alone, in company, still my care hath beenTo have her match'd: and having now providedA gentleman of noble parentage,Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts,Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man;And then to have a wretched puling fool,A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,I am too young; I pray you, pardon me. 'But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:Graze where you will you shall not house with me:Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest. Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise:An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die inthe streets,For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee,Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMExitJULIETIs there no pity sitting in the clouds,That sees into the bottom of my grief?O, sweet my mother, cast me not away!Delay this marriage for a month, a week;Or, if you do not, make the bridal bedIn that dim monument where Tybalt lies. LADY CAPULETTalk not to me, for I'll not speak a word:Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. ExitJULIETO God!--O nurse, how shall this be prevented?My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that husband send it me from heavenBy leaving earth? Comfort me, counsel me. Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagemsUpon so soft a subject as myself!What say'st thou?
Hold your tongue,Good prudence; smatter with your gossips, go. NurseI speak no treason. CAPULETO, God ye god-den. NurseMay not one speak?CAPULETPeace, you mumbling fool!Utter your gravity o'er a gossip's bowl;For here we need it not. LADY CAPULETYou are too hot. CAPULETGod's bread! It makes me mad:Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,Alone, in company, still my care hath beenTo have her match'd: and having now providedA gentleman of noble parentage,Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts,Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man;And then to have a wretched puling fool,A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,I am too young; I pray you, pardon me. 'But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:Graze where you will you shall not house with me:Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest. Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise:An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die inthe streets,For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee,Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMExitJULIETIs there no pity sitting in the clouds,That sees into the bottom of my grief?O, sweet my mother, cast me not away!Delay this marriage for a month, a week;Or, if you do not, make the bridal bedIn that dim monument where Tybalt lies. LADY CAPULETTalk not to me, for I'll not speak a word:Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. ExitJULIETO God!--O nurse, how shall this be prevented?My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that husband send it me from heavenBy leaving earth? Comfort me, counsel me. Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagemsUpon so soft a subject as myself!What say'st thou? Hast thou not a word of joy?Some comfort, nurse. NurseFaith, here it is. Romeo is banish'd; and all the world to nothing,That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you;Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,I think it best you married with the county. O, he's a lovely gentleman!Romeo's a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam,Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eyeAs Paris hath.
It makes me mad:Day, night, hour, tide, time, work, play,Alone, in company, still my care hath beenTo have her match'd: and having now providedA gentleman of noble parentage,Of fair demesnes, youthful, and nobly train'd,Stuff'd, as they say, with honourable parts,Proportion'd as one's thought would wish a man;And then to have a wretched puling fool,A whining mammet, in her fortune's tender,To answer 'I'll not wed; I cannot love,I am too young; I pray you, pardon me. 'But, as you will not wed, I'll pardon you:Graze where you will you shall not house with me:Look to't, think on't, I do not use to jest. Thursday is near; lay hand on heart, advise:An you be mine, I'll give you to my friend;And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die inthe streets,For, by my soul, I'll ne'er acknowledge thee,Nor what is mine shall never do thee good:Trust to't, bethink you; I'll not be forsworn. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMExitJULIETIs there no pity sitting in the clouds,That sees into the bottom of my grief?O, sweet my mother, cast me not away!Delay this marriage for a month, a week;Or, if you do not, make the bridal bedIn that dim monument where Tybalt lies. LADY CAPULETTalk not to me, for I'll not speak a word:Do as thou wilt, for I have done with thee. ExitJULIETO God!--O nurse, how shall this be prevented?My husband is on earth, my faith in heaven;How shall that faith return again to earth,Unless that husband send it me from heavenBy leaving earth? Comfort me, counsel me. Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagemsUpon so soft a subject as myself!What say'st thou? Hast thou not a word of joy?Some comfort, nurse. NurseFaith, here it is. Romeo is banish'd; and all the world to nothing,That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you;Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,I think it best you married with the county. O, he's a lovely gentleman!Romeo's a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam,Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eyeAs Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart,I think you are happy in this second match,For it excels your first: or if it did not,Your first is dead; or 'twere as good he were,As living here and you no use of him. JULIETSpeakest thou from thy heart?Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd from my soul too;Or else beshrew them both. JULIETAmen!NurseWhat?JULIETWell, thou hast comforted me marvellous much. Go in: and tell my lady I am gone,Having displeased my father, to Laurence' cell,To make confession and to be absolved. NurseMarry, I will; and this is wisely done. ExitJULIETAncient damnation!
Comfort me, counsel me. Alack, alack, that heaven should practise stratagemsUpon so soft a subject as myself!What say'st thou? Hast thou not a word of joy?Some comfort, nurse. NurseFaith, here it is. Romeo is banish'd; and all the world to nothing,That he dares ne'er come back to challenge you;Or, if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Then, since the case so stands as now it doth,I think it best you married with the county. O, he's a lovely gentleman!Romeo's a dishclout to him: an eagle, madam,Hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eyeAs Paris hath. Beshrew my very heart,I think you are happy in this second match,For it excels your first: or if it did not,Your first is dead; or 'twere as good he were,As living here and you no use of him. JULIETSpeakest thou from thy heart?Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd from my soul too;Or else beshrew them both. JULIETAmen!NurseWhat?JULIETWell, thou hast comforted me marvellous much. Go in: and tell my lady I am gone,Having displeased my father, to Laurence' cell,To make confession and to be absolved. NurseMarry, I will; and this is wisely done. ExitJULIETAncient damnation! O most wicked fiend!Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn,Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongueWhich she hath praised him with above compareSo many thousand times? Go, counsellor;Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain. I'll to the friar, to know his remedy:If all else fail, myself have power to die. ExitACT IVSCENE I. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARISFRIAR LAURENCEOn Thursday, sir?
O most wicked fiend!Is it more sin to wish me thus forsworn,Or to dispraise my lord with that same tongueWhich she hath praised him with above compareSo many thousand times? Go, counsellor;Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain. I'll to the friar, to know his remedy:If all else fail, myself have power to die. ExitACT IVSCENE I. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARISFRIAR LAURENCEOn Thursday, sir? The time is very short. PARISMy father Capulet will have it so;And I am nothing slow to slack his haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou say you do not know the lady's mind:Uneven is the course, I like it not. PARISImmoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,And therefore have I little talk'd of love;For Venus smiles not in a house of tears. Now, sir, her father counts it dangerousThat she doth give her sorrow so much sway,And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,To stop the inundation of her tears;Which, too much minded by herself alone,May be put from her by society:Now do you know the reason of this haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Aside I would I knew not why it should be slow'd. Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell. Enter JULIETPARISHappily met, my lady and my wife!JULIETThat may be, sir, when I may be a wife. PARISThat may be must be, love, on Thursday next. JULIETWhat must be shall be. FRIAR LAURENCEThat's a certain text. PARISCome you to make confession to this father?JULIETTo answer that, I should confess to you. PARISDo not deny to him that you love me. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETI will confess to you that I love him. PARISSo will ye, I am sure, that you love me. JULIETIf I do so, it will be of more price,Being spoke behind your back, than to your face. PARISPoor soul, thy face is much abused with tears. JULIETThe tears have got small victory by that;For it was bad enough before their spite. PARISThou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report. JULIETThat is no slander, sir, which is a truth;And what I spake, I spake it to my face. PARISThy face is mine, and thou hast slander'd it. JULIETIt may be so, for it is not mine own. Are you at leisure, holy father, now;Or shall I come to you at evening mass?FRIAR LAURENCEMy leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now. My lord, we must entreat the time alone. PARISGod shield I should disturb devotion!Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye:Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss. Exit Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETO shut the door!
Go, counsellor;Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain. I'll to the friar, to know his remedy:If all else fail, myself have power to die. ExitACT IVSCENE I. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARISFRIAR LAURENCEOn Thursday, sir? The time is very short. PARISMy father Capulet will have it so;And I am nothing slow to slack his haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou say you do not know the lady's mind:Uneven is the course, I like it not. PARISImmoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,And therefore have I little talk'd of love;For Venus smiles not in a house of tears. Now, sir, her father counts it dangerousThat she doth give her sorrow so much sway,And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,To stop the inundation of her tears;Which, too much minded by herself alone,May be put from her by society:Now do you know the reason of this haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Aside I would I knew not why it should be slow'd. Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell. Enter JULIETPARISHappily met, my lady and my wife!JULIETThat may be, sir, when I may be a wife. PARISThat may be must be, love, on Thursday next. JULIETWhat must be shall be. FRIAR LAURENCEThat's a certain text. PARISCome you to make confession to this father?JULIETTo answer that, I should confess to you. PARISDo not deny to him that you love me. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETI will confess to you that I love him. PARISSo will ye, I am sure, that you love me. JULIETIf I do so, it will be of more price,Being spoke behind your back, than to your face. PARISPoor soul, thy face is much abused with tears. JULIETThe tears have got small victory by that;For it was bad enough before their spite. PARISThou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report. JULIETThat is no slander, sir, which is a truth;And what I spake, I spake it to my face. PARISThy face is mine, and thou hast slander'd it. JULIETIt may be so, for it is not mine own. Are you at leisure, holy father, now;Or shall I come to you at evening mass?FRIAR LAURENCEMy leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now. My lord, we must entreat the time alone. PARISGod shield I should disturb devotion!Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye:Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss. Exit Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETO shut the door! And when thou hast done so,Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!FRIAR LAURENCEAh, Juliet, I already know thy grief;It strains me past the compass of my wits:I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,On Thursday next be married to this county. JULIETTell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it:If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,Do thou but call my resolution wise,And with this knife I'll help it presently. God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd,Shall be the label to another deed,Or my true heart with treacherous revoltTurn to another, this shall slay them both:Therefore, out of thy long-experienced time,Give me some present counsel, or, behold,'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knifeShall play the umpire, arbitrating thatWhich the commission of thy years and artCould to no issue of true honour bring. Be not so long to speak; I long to die,If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,Which craves as desperate an execution. As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris,Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,Then is it likely thou wilt undertakeA thing like death to chide away this shame,That copest with death himself to scape from it:And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy. JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWith reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, then; go home, be merry, give consentTo marry Paris: Wednesday is to-morrow:To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;Let not thy nurse lie with thee in thy chamber:Take thou this vial, being then in bed,And this distilled liquor drink thou off;When presently through all thy veins shall runA cold and drowsy humour, for no pulseShall keep his native progress, but surcease:No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fadeTo paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;Each part, deprived of supple government,Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death:And in this borrow'd likeness of shrunk deathThou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comesTo rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead:Then, as the manner of our country is,In thy best robes uncover'd on the bierThou shalt be borne to that same ancient vaultWhere all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come: and he and IWill watch thy waking, and that very nightShall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. And this shall free thee from this present shame;If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,Abate thy valour in the acting it. JULIETGive me, give me!
Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARISFRIAR LAURENCEOn Thursday, sir? The time is very short. PARISMy father Capulet will have it so;And I am nothing slow to slack his haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou say you do not know the lady's mind:Uneven is the course, I like it not. PARISImmoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,And therefore have I little talk'd of love;For Venus smiles not in a house of tears. Now, sir, her father counts it dangerousThat she doth give her sorrow so much sway,And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,To stop the inundation of her tears;Which, too much minded by herself alone,May be put from her by society:Now do you know the reason of this haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Aside I would I knew not why it should be slow'd. Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell. Enter JULIETPARISHappily met, my lady and my wife!JULIETThat may be, sir, when I may be a wife. PARISThat may be must be, love, on Thursday next. JULIETWhat must be shall be. FRIAR LAURENCEThat's a certain text. PARISCome you to make confession to this father?JULIETTo answer that, I should confess to you. PARISDo not deny to him that you love me. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETI will confess to you that I love him. PARISSo will ye, I am sure, that you love me. JULIETIf I do so, it will be of more price,Being spoke behind your back, than to your face. PARISPoor soul, thy face is much abused with tears. JULIETThe tears have got small victory by that;For it was bad enough before their spite. PARISThou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report. JULIETThat is no slander, sir, which is a truth;And what I spake, I spake it to my face. PARISThy face is mine, and thou hast slander'd it. JULIETIt may be so, for it is not mine own. Are you at leisure, holy father, now;Or shall I come to you at evening mass?FRIAR LAURENCEMy leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now. My lord, we must entreat the time alone. PARISGod shield I should disturb devotion!Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye:Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss. Exit Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETO shut the door! And when thou hast done so,Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!FRIAR LAURENCEAh, Juliet, I already know thy grief;It strains me past the compass of my wits:I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,On Thursday next be married to this county. JULIETTell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it:If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,Do thou but call my resolution wise,And with this knife I'll help it presently. God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd,Shall be the label to another deed,Or my true heart with treacherous revoltTurn to another, this shall slay them both:Therefore, out of thy long-experienced time,Give me some present counsel, or, behold,'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knifeShall play the umpire, arbitrating thatWhich the commission of thy years and artCould to no issue of true honour bring. Be not so long to speak; I long to die,If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,Which craves as desperate an execution. As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris,Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,Then is it likely thou wilt undertakeA thing like death to chide away this shame,That copest with death himself to scape from it:And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy. JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWith reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, then; go home, be merry, give consentTo marry Paris: Wednesday is to-morrow:To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;Let not thy nurse lie with thee in thy chamber:Take thou this vial, being then in bed,And this distilled liquor drink thou off;When presently through all thy veins shall runA cold and drowsy humour, for no pulseShall keep his native progress, but surcease:No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fadeTo paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;Each part, deprived of supple government,Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death:And in this borrow'd likeness of shrunk deathThou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comesTo rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead:Then, as the manner of our country is,In thy best robes uncover'd on the bierThou shalt be borne to that same ancient vaultWhere all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come: and he and IWill watch thy waking, and that very nightShall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. And this shall free thee from this present shame;If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,Abate thy valour in the acting it. JULIETGive me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!FRIAR LAURENCEHold; get you gone, be strong and prosperousIn this resolve: I'll send a friar with speedTo Mantua, with my letters to thy lord. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETLove give me strength!
The time is very short. PARISMy father Capulet will have it so;And I am nothing slow to slack his haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMYou say you do not know the lady's mind:Uneven is the course, I like it not. PARISImmoderately she weeps for Tybalt's death,And therefore have I little talk'd of love;For Venus smiles not in a house of tears. Now, sir, her father counts it dangerousThat she doth give her sorrow so much sway,And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,To stop the inundation of her tears;Which, too much minded by herself alone,May be put from her by society:Now do you know the reason of this haste. FRIAR LAURENCE Aside I would I knew not why it should be slow'd. Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell. Enter JULIETPARISHappily met, my lady and my wife!JULIETThat may be, sir, when I may be a wife. PARISThat may be must be, love, on Thursday next. JULIETWhat must be shall be. FRIAR LAURENCEThat's a certain text. PARISCome you to make confession to this father?JULIETTo answer that, I should confess to you. PARISDo not deny to him that you love me. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETI will confess to you that I love him. PARISSo will ye, I am sure, that you love me. JULIETIf I do so, it will be of more price,Being spoke behind your back, than to your face. PARISPoor soul, thy face is much abused with tears. JULIETThe tears have got small victory by that;For it was bad enough before their spite. PARISThou wrong'st it, more than tears, with that report. JULIETThat is no slander, sir, which is a truth;And what I spake, I spake it to my face. PARISThy face is mine, and thou hast slander'd it. JULIETIt may be so, for it is not mine own. Are you at leisure, holy father, now;Or shall I come to you at evening mass?FRIAR LAURENCEMy leisure serves me, pensive daughter, now. My lord, we must entreat the time alone. PARISGod shield I should disturb devotion!Juliet, on Thursday early will I rouse ye:Till then, adieu; and keep this holy kiss. Exit Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETO shut the door! And when thou hast done so,Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!FRIAR LAURENCEAh, Juliet, I already know thy grief;It strains me past the compass of my wits:I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,On Thursday next be married to this county. JULIETTell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it:If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,Do thou but call my resolution wise,And with this knife I'll help it presently. God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd,Shall be the label to another deed,Or my true heart with treacherous revoltTurn to another, this shall slay them both:Therefore, out of thy long-experienced time,Give me some present counsel, or, behold,'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knifeShall play the umpire, arbitrating thatWhich the commission of thy years and artCould to no issue of true honour bring. Be not so long to speak; I long to die,If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,Which craves as desperate an execution. As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris,Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,Then is it likely thou wilt undertakeA thing like death to chide away this shame,That copest with death himself to scape from it:And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy. JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWith reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, then; go home, be merry, give consentTo marry Paris: Wednesday is to-morrow:To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;Let not thy nurse lie with thee in thy chamber:Take thou this vial, being then in bed,And this distilled liquor drink thou off;When presently through all thy veins shall runA cold and drowsy humour, for no pulseShall keep his native progress, but surcease:No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fadeTo paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;Each part, deprived of supple government,Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death:And in this borrow'd likeness of shrunk deathThou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comesTo rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead:Then, as the manner of our country is,In thy best robes uncover'd on the bierThou shalt be borne to that same ancient vaultWhere all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come: and he and IWill watch thy waking, and that very nightShall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. And this shall free thee from this present shame;If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,Abate thy valour in the acting it. JULIETGive me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!FRIAR LAURENCEHold; get you gone, be strong and prosperousIn this resolve: I'll send a friar with speedTo Mantua, with my letters to thy lord. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETLove give me strength! And strength shall help afford. Farewell, dear father!ExeuntSCENE II.
And when thou hast done so,Come weep with me; past hope, past cure, past help!FRIAR LAURENCEAh, Juliet, I already know thy grief;It strains me past the compass of my wits:I hear thou must, and nothing may prorogue it,On Thursday next be married to this county. JULIETTell me not, friar, that thou hear'st of this,Unless thou tell me how I may prevent it:If, in thy wisdom, thou canst give no help,Do thou but call my resolution wise,And with this knife I'll help it presently. God join'd my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands;And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo seal'd,Shall be the label to another deed,Or my true heart with treacherous revoltTurn to another, this shall slay them both:Therefore, out of thy long-experienced time,Give me some present counsel, or, behold,'Twixt my extremes and me this bloody knifeShall play the umpire, arbitrating thatWhich the commission of thy years and artCould to no issue of true honour bring. Be not so long to speak; I long to die,If what thou speak'st speak not of remedy. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, daughter: I do spy a kind of hope,Which craves as desperate an execution. As that is desperate which we would prevent. If, rather than to marry County Paris,Thou hast the strength of will to slay thyself,Then is it likely thou wilt undertakeA thing like death to chide away this shame,That copest with death himself to scape from it:And, if thou darest, I'll give thee remedy. JULIETO, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris,From off the battlements of yonder tower;Or walk in thievish ways; or bid me lurkWhere serpents are; chain me with roaring bears;Or shut me nightly in a charnel-house,O'er-cover'd quite with dead men's rattling bones, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWith reeky shanks and yellow chapless skulls;Or bid me go into a new-made graveAnd hide me with a dead man in his shroud;Things that, to hear them told, have made me tremble;And I will do it without fear or doubt,To live an unstain'd wife to my sweet love. FRIAR LAURENCEHold, then; go home, be merry, give consentTo marry Paris: Wednesday is to-morrow:To-morrow night look that thou lie alone;Let not thy nurse lie with thee in thy chamber:Take thou this vial, being then in bed,And this distilled liquor drink thou off;When presently through all thy veins shall runA cold and drowsy humour, for no pulseShall keep his native progress, but surcease:No warmth, no breath, shall testify thou livest;The roses in thy lips and cheeks shall fadeTo paly ashes, thy eyes' windows fall,Like death, when he shuts up the day of life;Each part, deprived of supple government,Shall, stiff and stark and cold, appear like death:And in this borrow'd likeness of shrunk deathThou shalt continue two and forty hours,And then awake as from a pleasant sleep. Now, when the bridegroom in the morning comesTo rouse thee from thy bed, there art thou dead:Then, as the manner of our country is,In thy best robes uncover'd on the bierThou shalt be borne to that same ancient vaultWhere all the kindred of the Capulets lie. In the mean time, against thou shalt awake,Shall Romeo by my letters know our drift,And hither shall he come: and he and IWill watch thy waking, and that very nightShall Romeo bear thee hence to Mantua. And this shall free thee from this present shame;If no inconstant toy, nor womanish fear,Abate thy valour in the acting it. JULIETGive me, give me! O, tell not me of fear!FRIAR LAURENCEHold; get you gone, be strong and prosperousIn this resolve: I'll send a friar with speedTo Mantua, with my letters to thy lord. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETLove give me strength! And strength shall help afford. Farewell, dear father!ExeuntSCENE II. Hall in Capulet's house. Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, Nurse, and two ServingmenCAPULETSo many guests invite as here are writ. Exit First ServantSirrah, go hire me twenty cunning cooks. Second ServantYou shall have none ill, sir; for I'll try if theycan lick their fingers. CAPULETHow canst thou try them so?Second ServantMarry, sir, 'tis an ill cook that cannot lick hisown fingers: therefore he that cannot lick hisfingers goes not with me. CAPULETGo, be gone. Exit Second ServantWe shall be much unfurnished for this time. What, is my daughter gone to Friar Laurence?NurseAy, forsooth. CAPULETWell, he may chance to do some good on her:A peevish self-will'd harlotry it is. Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSee where she comes from shrift with merry look. Enter JULIETCAPULETHow now, my headstrong!
O, tell not me of fear!FRIAR LAURENCEHold; get you gone, be strong and prosperousIn this resolve: I'll send a friar with speedTo Mantua, with my letters to thy lord. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMJULIETLove give me strength! And strength shall help afford. Farewell, dear father!ExeuntSCENE II. Hall in Capulet's house. Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, Nurse, and two ServingmenCAPULETSo many guests invite as here are writ. Exit First ServantSirrah, go hire me twenty cunning cooks. Second ServantYou shall have none ill, sir; for I'll try if theycan lick their fingers. CAPULETHow canst thou try them so?Second ServantMarry, sir, 'tis an ill cook that cannot lick hisown fingers: therefore he that cannot lick hisfingers goes not with me. CAPULETGo, be gone. Exit Second ServantWe shall be much unfurnished for this time. What, is my daughter gone to Friar Laurence?NurseAy, forsooth. CAPULETWell, he may chance to do some good on her:A peevish self-will'd harlotry it is. Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSee where she comes from shrift with merry look. Enter JULIETCAPULETHow now, my headstrong! Where have you been gadding?JULIETWhere I have learn'd me to repent the sinOf disobedient oppositionTo you and your behests, and am enjoin'dBy holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!Henceforward I am ever ruled by you. CAPULETSend for the county; go tell him of this:I'll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning. JULIETI met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell;And gave him what becomed love I might,Not step o'er the bounds of modesty. CAPULETWhy, I am glad on't; this is well: stand up:This is as't should be.
And strength shall help afford. Farewell, dear father!ExeuntSCENE II. Hall in Capulet's house. Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, Nurse, and two ServingmenCAPULETSo many guests invite as here are writ. Exit First ServantSirrah, go hire me twenty cunning cooks. Second ServantYou shall have none ill, sir; for I'll try if theycan lick their fingers. CAPULETHow canst thou try them so?Second ServantMarry, sir, 'tis an ill cook that cannot lick hisown fingers: therefore he that cannot lick hisfingers goes not with me. CAPULETGo, be gone. Exit Second ServantWe shall be much unfurnished for this time. What, is my daughter gone to Friar Laurence?NurseAy, forsooth. CAPULETWell, he may chance to do some good on her:A peevish self-will'd harlotry it is. Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSee where she comes from shrift with merry look. Enter JULIETCAPULETHow now, my headstrong! Where have you been gadding?JULIETWhere I have learn'd me to repent the sinOf disobedient oppositionTo you and your behests, and am enjoin'dBy holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!Henceforward I am ever ruled by you. CAPULETSend for the county; go tell him of this:I'll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning. JULIETI met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell;And gave him what becomed love I might,Not step o'er the bounds of modesty. CAPULETWhy, I am glad on't; this is well: stand up:This is as't should be. Let me see the county;Ay, marry, go, I say, and fetch him hither. Now, afore God!
Hall in Capulet's house. Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, Nurse, and two ServingmenCAPULETSo many guests invite as here are writ. Exit First ServantSirrah, go hire me twenty cunning cooks. Second ServantYou shall have none ill, sir; for I'll try if theycan lick their fingers. CAPULETHow canst thou try them so?Second ServantMarry, sir, 'tis an ill cook that cannot lick hisown fingers: therefore he that cannot lick hisfingers goes not with me. CAPULETGo, be gone. Exit Second ServantWe shall be much unfurnished for this time. What, is my daughter gone to Friar Laurence?NurseAy, forsooth. CAPULETWell, he may chance to do some good on her:A peevish self-will'd harlotry it is. Nurse Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSee where she comes from shrift with merry look. Enter JULIETCAPULETHow now, my headstrong! Where have you been gadding?JULIETWhere I have learn'd me to repent the sinOf disobedient oppositionTo you and your behests, and am enjoin'dBy holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!Henceforward I am ever ruled by you. CAPULETSend for the county; go tell him of this:I'll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning. JULIETI met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell;And gave him what becomed love I might,Not step o'er the bounds of modesty. CAPULETWhy, I am glad on't; this is well: stand up:This is as't should be. Let me see the county;Ay, marry, go, I say, and fetch him hither. Now, afore God! This reverend holy friar,Our whole city is much bound to him. JULIETNurse, will you go with me into my closet,To help me sort such needful ornamentsAs you think fit to furnish me to-morrow?LADY CAPULETNo, not till Thursday; there is time enough. CAPULETGo, nurse, go with her: we'll to church to-morrow. Exeunt JULIET and NurseLADY CAPULET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWe shall be short in our provision:'Tis now near night. CAPULETTush, I will stir about,And all things shall be well, I warrant thee, wife:Go thou to Juliet, help to deck up her;I'll not to bed to-night; let me alone;I'll play the housewife for this once.
Where have you been gadding?JULIETWhere I have learn'd me to repent the sinOf disobedient oppositionTo you and your behests, and am enjoin'dBy holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!Henceforward I am ever ruled by you. CAPULETSend for the county; go tell him of this:I'll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning. JULIETI met the youthful lord at Laurence' cell;And gave him what becomed love I might,Not step o'er the bounds of modesty. CAPULETWhy, I am glad on't; this is well: stand up:This is as't should be. Let me see the county;Ay, marry, go, I say, and fetch him hither. Now, afore God! This reverend holy friar,Our whole city is much bound to him. JULIETNurse, will you go with me into my closet,To help me sort such needful ornamentsAs you think fit to furnish me to-morrow?LADY CAPULETNo, not till Thursday; there is time enough. CAPULETGo, nurse, go with her: we'll to church to-morrow. Exeunt JULIET and NurseLADY CAPULET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWe shall be short in our provision:'Tis now near night. CAPULETTush, I will stir about,And all things shall be well, I warrant thee, wife:Go thou to Juliet, help to deck up her;I'll not to bed to-night; let me alone;I'll play the housewife for this once. What, ho!They are all forth. Well, I will walk myselfTo County Paris, to prepare him upAgainst to-morrow: my heart is wondrous light,Since this same wayward girl is so reclaim'd. ExeuntSCENE III.
This reverend holy friar,Our whole city is much bound to him. JULIETNurse, will you go with me into my closet,To help me sort such needful ornamentsAs you think fit to furnish me to-morrow?LADY CAPULETNo, not till Thursday; there is time enough. CAPULETGo, nurse, go with her: we'll to church to-morrow. Exeunt JULIET and NurseLADY CAPULET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWe shall be short in our provision:'Tis now near night. CAPULETTush, I will stir about,And all things shall be well, I warrant thee, wife:Go thou to Juliet, help to deck up her;I'll not to bed to-night; let me alone;I'll play the housewife for this once. What, ho!They are all forth. Well, I will walk myselfTo County Paris, to prepare him upAgainst to-morrow: my heart is wondrous light,Since this same wayward girl is so reclaim'd. ExeuntSCENE III. Juliet's chamber. Enter JULIET and NurseJULIETAy, those attires are best: but, gentle nurse,I pray thee, leave me to my self to-night,For I have need of many orisonsTo move the heavens to smile upon my state,Which, well thou know'st, is cross, and full of sin. Enter LADY CAPULETLADY CAPULETWhat, are you busy, ho? Need you my help?JULIETNo, madam; we have cull'd such necessariesAs are behoveful for our state to-morrow:So please you, let me now be left alone,And let the nurse this night sit up with you;For, I am sure, you have your hands full all,In this so sudden business. LADY CAPULETGood night:Get thee to bed, and rest; for thou hast need. Exeunt LADY CAPULET and NurseJULIET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFarewell!
Well, I will walk myselfTo County Paris, to prepare him upAgainst to-morrow: my heart is wondrous light,Since this same wayward girl is so reclaim'd. ExeuntSCENE III. Juliet's chamber. Enter JULIET and NurseJULIETAy, those attires are best: but, gentle nurse,I pray thee, leave me to my self to-night,For I have need of many orisonsTo move the heavens to smile upon my state,Which, well thou know'st, is cross, and full of sin. Enter LADY CAPULETLADY CAPULETWhat, are you busy, ho? Need you my help?JULIETNo, madam; we have cull'd such necessariesAs are behoveful for our state to-morrow:So please you, let me now be left alone,And let the nurse this night sit up with you;For, I am sure, you have your hands full all,In this so sudden business. LADY CAPULETGood night:Get thee to bed, and rest; for thou hast need. Exeunt LADY CAPULET and NurseJULIET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFarewell! God knows when we shall meet again. I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,That almost freezes up the heat of life:I'll call them back again to comfort me:Nurse! What should she do here?My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Come, vial. What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there. Laying down her daggerWhat if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath minister'd to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour'd,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man. How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me?
Need you my help?JULIETNo, madam; we have cull'd such necessariesAs are behoveful for our state to-morrow:So please you, let me now be left alone,And let the nurse this night sit up with you;For, I am sure, you have your hands full all,In this so sudden business. LADY CAPULETGood night:Get thee to bed, and rest; for thou hast need. Exeunt LADY CAPULET and NurseJULIET Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFarewell! God knows when we shall meet again. I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,That almost freezes up the heat of life:I'll call them back again to comfort me:Nurse! What should she do here?My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Come, vial. What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there. Laying down her daggerWhat if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath minister'd to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour'd,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man. How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me? There's a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?Or, if I live, is it not very like,The horrible conceit of death and night,Together with the terror of the place,-As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,Where, for these many hundred years, the bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed:Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,At some hours in the night spirits resort;-Alack, alack, is it not like that I,So early waking, what with loathsome smells,And shrieks like mandrakes' torn out of the earth,That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:-O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,Environed with all these hideous fears?And madly play with my forefather's joints?And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?And, in this rage, with some great kinsman's bone,As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?O, look!
God knows when we shall meet again. I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,That almost freezes up the heat of life:I'll call them back again to comfort me:Nurse! What should she do here?My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Come, vial. What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there. Laying down her daggerWhat if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath minister'd to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour'd,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man. How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me? There's a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?Or, if I live, is it not very like,The horrible conceit of death and night,Together with the terror of the place,-As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,Where, for these many hundred years, the bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed:Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,At some hours in the night spirits resort;-Alack, alack, is it not like that I,So early waking, what with loathsome smells,And shrieks like mandrakes' torn out of the earth,That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:-O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,Environed with all these hideous fears?And madly play with my forefather's joints?And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?And, in this rage, with some great kinsman's bone,As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?O, look! Methinks I see my cousin's ghostSeeking out Romeo, that did spit his bodyUpon a rapier's point: stay, Tybalt, stay!Romeo, I come! This do I drink to thee. She falls upon her bed, within the curtainsSCENE IV.
There's a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?Or, if I live, is it not very like,The horrible conceit of death and night,Together with the terror of the place,-As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,Where, for these many hundred years, the bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed:Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,At some hours in the night spirits resort;-Alack, alack, is it not like that I,So early waking, what with loathsome smells,And shrieks like mandrakes' torn out of the earth,That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:-O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,Environed with all these hideous fears?And madly play with my forefather's joints?And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?And, in this rage, with some great kinsman's bone,As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?O, look! Methinks I see my cousin's ghostSeeking out Romeo, that did spit his bodyUpon a rapier's point: stay, Tybalt, stay!Romeo, I come! This do I drink to thee. She falls upon her bed, within the curtainsSCENE IV. Hall in Capulet's house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMEnter LADY CAPULET and NurseLADY CAPULETHold, take these keys, and fetch more spices, nurse. NurseThey call for dates and quinces in the pastry. Enter CAPULETCAPULETCome, stir, stir, stir! The second cock hath crow'd,The curfew-bell hath rung, 'tis three o'clock:Look to the baked meats, good Angelica:Spare not for the cost. NurseGo, you cot-quean, go,Get you to bed; faith, You'll be sick to-morrowFor this night's watching. CAPULETNo, not a whit: what!
This do I drink to thee. She falls upon her bed, within the curtainsSCENE IV. Hall in Capulet's house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMEnter LADY CAPULET and NurseLADY CAPULETHold, take these keys, and fetch more spices, nurse. NurseThey call for dates and quinces in the pastry. Enter CAPULETCAPULETCome, stir, stir, stir! The second cock hath crow'd,The curfew-bell hath rung, 'tis three o'clock:Look to the baked meats, good Angelica:Spare not for the cost. NurseGo, you cot-quean, go,Get you to bed; faith, You'll be sick to-morrowFor this night's watching. CAPULETNo, not a whit: what! I have watch'd ere nowAll night for lesser cause, and ne'er been sick. LADY CAPULETAy, you have been a mouse-hunt in your time;But I will watch you from such watching now. Exeunt LADY CAPULET and NurseCAPULETA jealous hood, a jealous hood!Enter three or four Servingmen, with spits, logs, and basketsNow, fellow,What's there?First ServantThings for the cook, sir; but I know not what. CAPULETMake haste, make haste. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMExit First ServantSirrah, fetch drier logs:Call Peter, he will show thee where they are. Second ServantI have a head, sir, that will find out logs,And never trouble Peter for the matter. ExitCAPULETMass, and well said; a merry whoreson, ha!Thou shalt be logger-head. Good faith, 'tis day:The county will be here with music straight,For so he said he would: I hear him near. Music withinNurse! Wife! What, ho!
Good faith, 'tis day:The county will be here with music straight,For so he said he would: I hear him near. Music withinNurse! Wife! What, ho! What, nurse, I say!Re-enter NurseGo waken Juliet, go and trim her up;I'll go and chat with Paris: hie, make haste,Make haste; the bridegroom he is come already:Make haste, I say. ExeuntSCENE V. Juliet's chamber. Enter NurseNurseMistress! What, mistress! Juliet! Fast, I warrant her, she:Why, lamb! Why, lady! Fie, you slug-a-bed!Why, love, I say! Madam! Sweet-heart! Why, bride!What, not a word? You take your pennyworths now;Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant,The County Paris hath set up his rest,That you shall rest but little. God forgive me,Marry, and amen, how sound is she asleep!I must needs wake her. Madam, madam, madam!Ay, let the county take you in your bed;He'll fright you up, i' faith. Will it not be?Undraws the curtainsWhat, dress'd! And in your clothes! And down again! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI must needs wake you; Lady! Lady! Lady!Alas, alas! Help, help! My lady's dead!O, well-a-day, that ever I was born!Some aqua vitae, ho! My lord! My lady!Enter LADY CAPULETLADY CAPULETWhat noise is here?NurseO lamentable day!LADY CAPULETWhat is the matter?NurseLook, look! O heavy day!LADY CAPULETO me, O me! My child, my only life,Revive, look up, or I will die with thee!Help, help! Call help. Enter CAPULETCAPULETFor shame, bring Juliet forth; her lord is come. NurseShe's dead, deceased, she's dead; alack the day!LADY CAPULETAlack the day, she's dead, she's dead, she's dead!CAPULETHa!
O heavy day!LADY CAPULETO me, O me! My child, my only life,Revive, look up, or I will die with thee!Help, help! Call help. Enter CAPULETCAPULETFor shame, bring Juliet forth; her lord is come. NurseShe's dead, deceased, she's dead; alack the day!LADY CAPULETAlack the day, she's dead, she's dead, she's dead!CAPULETHa! Let me see her: out, alas! She's cold:Her blood is settled, and her joints are stiff;Life and these lips have long been separated:Death lies on her like an untimely frostUpon the sweetest flower of all the field. NurseO lamentable day! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMLADY CAPULETO woful time!CAPULETDeath, that hath ta'en her hence to make me wail,Ties up my tongue, and will not let me speak. Enter FRIAR LAURENCE and PARIS, with MusiciansFRIAR LAURENCECome, is the bride ready to go to church?CAPULETReady to go, but never to return. O son! The night before thy wedding-dayHath Death lain with thy wife. There she lies,Flower as she was, deflowered by him. Death is my son-in-law, Death is my heir;My daughter he hath wedded: I will die,And leave him all; life, living, all is Death's. PARISHave I thought long to see this morning's face,And doth it give me such a sight as this?LADY CAPULETAccursed, unhappy, wretched, hateful day!Most miserable hour that e'er time sawIn lasting labour of his pilgrimage!But one, poor one, one poor and loving child,But one thing to rejoice and solace in,And cruel death hath catch'd it from my sight!NurseO woe! O woful, woful, woful day!Most lamentable day, most woful day,That ever, ever, I did yet behold!O day! O day! O day!
Alack! My child is dead;And with my child my joys are buried. FRIAR LAURENCEPeace, ho, for shame! Confusion's cure lives notIn these confusions. Heaven and yourselfHad part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all,And all the better is it for the maid:Your part in her you could not keep from death,But heaven keeps his part in eternal life. The most you sought was her promotion;For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced:And weep ye now, seeing she is advancedAbove the clouds, as high as heaven itself?O, in this love, you love your child so ill,That you run mad, seeing that she is well:She's not well married that lives married long;But she's best married that dies married young. Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemaryOn this fair corse; and, as the custom is,In all her best array bear her to church:For though fond nature bids us an lament,Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment. CAPULETAll things that we ordained festival,Turn from their office to black funeral;Our instruments to melancholy bells,Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast,Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change,Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse,And all things change them to the contrary. FRIAR LAURENCESir, go you in; and, madam, go with him;And go, Sir Paris; every one prepareTo follow this fair corse unto her grave:The heavens do lour upon you for some ill;Move them no more by crossing their high will. Exeunt CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, PARIS, and FRIAR LAURENCEFirst Musician Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFaith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone. NurseHonest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up;For, well you know, this is a pitiful case. ExitFirst MusicianAy, by my troth, the case may be amended. Enter PETERPETERMusicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart'sease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease. 'First MusicianWhy 'Heart's ease?'PETERO, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'Myheart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump,to comfort me. First MusicianNot a dump we; 'tis no time to play now. PETERYou will not, then?First MusicianNo. PETERI will then give it you soundly. First MusicianWhat will you give us?PETERNo money, on my faith, but the gleek;I will give you the minstrel. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFirst MusicianThen I will give you the serving-creature. PETERThen will I lay the serving-creature's dagger onyour pate.
My child is dead;And with my child my joys are buried. FRIAR LAURENCEPeace, ho, for shame! Confusion's cure lives notIn these confusions. Heaven and yourselfHad part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all,And all the better is it for the maid:Your part in her you could not keep from death,But heaven keeps his part in eternal life. The most you sought was her promotion;For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced:And weep ye now, seeing she is advancedAbove the clouds, as high as heaven itself?O, in this love, you love your child so ill,That you run mad, seeing that she is well:She's not well married that lives married long;But she's best married that dies married young. Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemaryOn this fair corse; and, as the custom is,In all her best array bear her to church:For though fond nature bids us an lament,Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment. CAPULETAll things that we ordained festival,Turn from their office to black funeral;Our instruments to melancholy bells,Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast,Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change,Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse,And all things change them to the contrary. FRIAR LAURENCESir, go you in; and, madam, go with him;And go, Sir Paris; every one prepareTo follow this fair corse unto her grave:The heavens do lour upon you for some ill;Move them no more by crossing their high will. Exeunt CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, PARIS, and FRIAR LAURENCEFirst Musician Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFaith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone. NurseHonest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up;For, well you know, this is a pitiful case. ExitFirst MusicianAy, by my troth, the case may be amended. Enter PETERPETERMusicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart'sease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease. 'First MusicianWhy 'Heart's ease?'PETERO, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'Myheart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump,to comfort me. First MusicianNot a dump we; 'tis no time to play now. PETERYou will not, then?First MusicianNo. PETERI will then give it you soundly. First MusicianWhat will you give us?PETERNo money, on my faith, but the gleek;I will give you the minstrel. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFirst MusicianThen I will give you the serving-creature. PETERThen will I lay the serving-creature's dagger onyour pate. I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you,I'll fa you; do you note me?First MusicianAn you re us and fa us, you note us. Second MusicianPray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit. PETERThen have at you with my wit!
Confusion's cure lives notIn these confusions. Heaven and yourselfHad part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all,And all the better is it for the maid:Your part in her you could not keep from death,But heaven keeps his part in eternal life. The most you sought was her promotion;For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced:And weep ye now, seeing she is advancedAbove the clouds, as high as heaven itself?O, in this love, you love your child so ill,That you run mad, seeing that she is well:She's not well married that lives married long;But she's best married that dies married young. Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemaryOn this fair corse; and, as the custom is,In all her best array bear her to church:For though fond nature bids us an lament,Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment. CAPULETAll things that we ordained festival,Turn from their office to black funeral;Our instruments to melancholy bells,Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast,Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change,Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse,And all things change them to the contrary. FRIAR LAURENCESir, go you in; and, madam, go with him;And go, Sir Paris; every one prepareTo follow this fair corse unto her grave:The heavens do lour upon you for some ill;Move them no more by crossing their high will. Exeunt CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, PARIS, and FRIAR LAURENCEFirst Musician Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFaith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone. NurseHonest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up;For, well you know, this is a pitiful case. ExitFirst MusicianAy, by my troth, the case may be amended. Enter PETERPETERMusicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart'sease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease. 'First MusicianWhy 'Heart's ease?'PETERO, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'Myheart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump,to comfort me. First MusicianNot a dump we; 'tis no time to play now. PETERYou will not, then?First MusicianNo. PETERI will then give it you soundly. First MusicianWhat will you give us?PETERNo money, on my faith, but the gleek;I will give you the minstrel. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFirst MusicianThen I will give you the serving-creature. PETERThen will I lay the serving-creature's dagger onyour pate. I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you,I'll fa you; do you note me?First MusicianAn you re us and fa us, you note us. Second MusicianPray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit. PETERThen have at you with my wit! I will dry-beat youwith an iron wit, and put up my iron dagger.
Heaven and yourselfHad part in this fair maid; now heaven hath all,And all the better is it for the maid:Your part in her you could not keep from death,But heaven keeps his part in eternal life. The most you sought was her promotion;For 'twas your heaven she should be advanced:And weep ye now, seeing she is advancedAbove the clouds, as high as heaven itself?O, in this love, you love your child so ill,That you run mad, seeing that she is well:She's not well married that lives married long;But she's best married that dies married young. Dry up your tears, and stick your rosemaryOn this fair corse; and, as the custom is,In all her best array bear her to church:For though fond nature bids us an lament,Yet nature's tears are reason's merriment. CAPULETAll things that we ordained festival,Turn from their office to black funeral;Our instruments to melancholy bells,Our wedding cheer to a sad burial feast,Our solemn hymns to sullen dirges change,Our bridal flowers serve for a buried corse,And all things change them to the contrary. FRIAR LAURENCESir, go you in; and, madam, go with him;And go, Sir Paris; every one prepareTo follow this fair corse unto her grave:The heavens do lour upon you for some ill;Move them no more by crossing their high will. Exeunt CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, PARIS, and FRIAR LAURENCEFirst Musician Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFaith, we may put up our pipes, and be gone. NurseHonest goodfellows, ah, put up, put up;For, well you know, this is a pitiful case. ExitFirst MusicianAy, by my troth, the case may be amended. Enter PETERPETERMusicians, O, musicians, 'Heart's ease, Heart'sease:' O, an you will have me live, play 'Heart's ease. 'First MusicianWhy 'Heart's ease?'PETERO, musicians, because my heart itself plays 'Myheart is full of woe:' O, play me some merry dump,to comfort me. First MusicianNot a dump we; 'tis no time to play now. PETERYou will not, then?First MusicianNo. PETERI will then give it you soundly. First MusicianWhat will you give us?PETERNo money, on my faith, but the gleek;I will give you the minstrel. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFirst MusicianThen I will give you the serving-creature. PETERThen will I lay the serving-creature's dagger onyour pate. I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you,I'll fa you; do you note me?First MusicianAn you re us and fa us, you note us. Second MusicianPray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit. PETERThen have at you with my wit! I will dry-beat youwith an iron wit, and put up my iron dagger. Answerme like men:'When griping grief the heart doth wound,And doleful dumps the mind oppress,Then music with her silver sound'-why 'silver sound'?
I will carry no crotchets: I'll re you,I'll fa you; do you note me?First MusicianAn you re us and fa us, you note us. Second MusicianPray you, put up your dagger, and put out your wit. PETERThen have at you with my wit! I will dry-beat youwith an iron wit, and put up my iron dagger. Answerme like men:'When griping grief the heart doth wound,And doleful dumps the mind oppress,Then music with her silver sound'-why 'silver sound'? Why 'music with her silversound'? What say you, Simon Catling?MusicianMarry, sir, because silver hath a sweet sound. PETERPretty! What say you, Hugh Rebeck?Second MusicianI say 'silver sound,' because musicians sound for silver. PETERPretty too! What say you, James Soundpost?Third MusicianFaith, I know not what to say. PETERO, I cry you mercy; you are the singer: I will sayfor you. It is 'music with her silver sound,'because musicians have no gold for sounding: Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PM'Then music with her silver soundWith speedy help doth lend redress. 'ExitFirst MusicianWhat a pestilent knave is this same!Second MusicianHang him, Jack! Come, we'll in here; tarry for themourners, and stay dinner. ExeuntACT VSCENE I. Mantua. A street. Enter ROMEOROMEOIf I may trust the flattering truth of sleep,My dreams presage some joyful news at hand:My bosom's lord sits lightly in his throne;And all this day an unaccustom'd spiritLifts me above the ground with cheerful thoughts. I dreamt my lady came and found me dead-Strange dream, that gives a dead man leaveto think!-And breathed such life with kisses in my lips,That I revived, and was an emperor. Ah me! How sweet is love itself possess'd,When but love's shadows are so rich in joy!Enter BALTHASAR, bootedNews from Verona!--How now, Balthasar!Dost thou not bring me letters from the friar?How doth my lady?
Mantua. A street. Enter ROMEOROMEOIf I may trust the flattering truth of sleep,My dreams presage some joyful news at hand:My bosom's lord sits lightly in his throne;And all this day an unaccustom'd spiritLifts me above the ground with cheerful thoughts. I dreamt my lady came and found me dead-Strange dream, that gives a dead man leaveto think!-And breathed such life with kisses in my lips,That I revived, and was an emperor. Ah me! How sweet is love itself possess'd,When but love's shadows are so rich in joy!Enter BALTHASAR, bootedNews from Verona!--How now, Balthasar!Dost thou not bring me letters from the friar?How doth my lady? Is my father well?How fares my Juliet? That I ask again;For nothing can be ill, if she be well. BALTHASARThen she is well, and nothing can be ill:Her body sleeps in Capel's monument,And her immortal part with angels lives. I saw her laid low in her kindred's vault,And presently took post to tell it you:O, pardon me for bringing these ill news, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSince you did leave it for my office, sir. ROMEOIs it even so?
How sweet is love itself possess'd,When but love's shadows are so rich in joy!Enter BALTHASAR, bootedNews from Verona!--How now, Balthasar!Dost thou not bring me letters from the friar?How doth my lady? Is my father well?How fares my Juliet? That I ask again;For nothing can be ill, if she be well. BALTHASARThen she is well, and nothing can be ill:Her body sleeps in Capel's monument,And her immortal part with angels lives. I saw her laid low in her kindred's vault,And presently took post to tell it you:O, pardon me for bringing these ill news, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSince you did leave it for my office, sir. ROMEOIs it even so? Then I defy you, stars!Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper,And hire post-horses; I will hence to-night. BALTHASARI do beseech you, sir, have patience:Your looks are pale and wild, and do importSome misadventure. ROMEOTush, thou art deceived:Leave me, and do the thing I bid thee do. Hast thou no letters to me from the friar?BALTHASARNo, my good lord. ROMEONo matter: get thee gone,And hire those horses; I'll be with thee straight. Exit BALTHASARWell, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night. Let's see for means: O mischief, thou art swiftTo enter in the thoughts of desperate men!I do remember an apothecary,-And hereabouts he dwells,--which late I notedIn tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows,Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,An alligator stuff'd, and other skinsOf ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelvesA beggarly account of empty boxes,Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,Were thinly scatter'd, to make up a show. Noting this penury, to myself I said'An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. 'O, this same thought did but forerun my need;And this same needy man must sell it me. As I remember, this should be the house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMBeing holiday, the beggar's shop is shut. What, ho!
Is my father well?How fares my Juliet? That I ask again;For nothing can be ill, if she be well. BALTHASARThen she is well, and nothing can be ill:Her body sleeps in Capel's monument,And her immortal part with angels lives. I saw her laid low in her kindred's vault,And presently took post to tell it you:O, pardon me for bringing these ill news, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSince you did leave it for my office, sir. ROMEOIs it even so? Then I defy you, stars!Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper,And hire post-horses; I will hence to-night. BALTHASARI do beseech you, sir, have patience:Your looks are pale and wild, and do importSome misadventure. ROMEOTush, thou art deceived:Leave me, and do the thing I bid thee do. Hast thou no letters to me from the friar?BALTHASARNo, my good lord. ROMEONo matter: get thee gone,And hire those horses; I'll be with thee straight. Exit BALTHASARWell, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night. Let's see for means: O mischief, thou art swiftTo enter in the thoughts of desperate men!I do remember an apothecary,-And hereabouts he dwells,--which late I notedIn tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows,Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,An alligator stuff'd, and other skinsOf ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelvesA beggarly account of empty boxes,Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,Were thinly scatter'd, to make up a show. Noting this penury, to myself I said'An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. 'O, this same thought did but forerun my need;And this same needy man must sell it me. As I remember, this should be the house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMBeing holiday, the beggar's shop is shut. What, ho! Apothecary!Enter ApothecaryApothecaryWho calls so loud?ROMEOCome hither, man.
That I ask again;For nothing can be ill, if she be well. BALTHASARThen she is well, and nothing can be ill:Her body sleeps in Capel's monument,And her immortal part with angels lives. I saw her laid low in her kindred's vault,And presently took post to tell it you:O, pardon me for bringing these ill news, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMSince you did leave it for my office, sir. ROMEOIs it even so? Then I defy you, stars!Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper,And hire post-horses; I will hence to-night. BALTHASARI do beseech you, sir, have patience:Your looks are pale and wild, and do importSome misadventure. ROMEOTush, thou art deceived:Leave me, and do the thing I bid thee do. Hast thou no letters to me from the friar?BALTHASARNo, my good lord. ROMEONo matter: get thee gone,And hire those horses; I'll be with thee straight. Exit BALTHASARWell, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night. Let's see for means: O mischief, thou art swiftTo enter in the thoughts of desperate men!I do remember an apothecary,-And hereabouts he dwells,--which late I notedIn tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows,Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,An alligator stuff'd, and other skinsOf ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelvesA beggarly account of empty boxes,Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,Were thinly scatter'd, to make up a show. Noting this penury, to myself I said'An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. 'O, this same thought did but forerun my need;And this same needy man must sell it me. As I remember, this should be the house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMBeing holiday, the beggar's shop is shut. What, ho! Apothecary!Enter ApothecaryApothecaryWho calls so loud?ROMEOCome hither, man. I see that thou art poor:Hold, there is forty ducats: let me haveA dram of poison, such soon-speeding gearAs will disperse itself through all the veinsThat the life-weary taker may fall deadAnd that the trunk may be discharged of breathAs violently as hasty powder firedDoth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb. ApothecarySuch mortal drugs I have; but Mantua's lawIs death to any he that utters them. ROMEOArt thou so bare and full of wretchedness,And fear'st to die?
Then I defy you, stars!Thou know'st my lodging: get me ink and paper,And hire post-horses; I will hence to-night. BALTHASARI do beseech you, sir, have patience:Your looks are pale and wild, and do importSome misadventure. ROMEOTush, thou art deceived:Leave me, and do the thing I bid thee do. Hast thou no letters to me from the friar?BALTHASARNo, my good lord. ROMEONo matter: get thee gone,And hire those horses; I'll be with thee straight. Exit BALTHASARWell, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night. Let's see for means: O mischief, thou art swiftTo enter in the thoughts of desperate men!I do remember an apothecary,-And hereabouts he dwells,--which late I notedIn tatter'd weeds, with overwhelming brows,Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,An alligator stuff'd, and other skinsOf ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelvesA beggarly account of empty boxes,Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,Were thinly scatter'd, to make up a show. Noting this penury, to myself I said'An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him. 'O, this same thought did but forerun my need;And this same needy man must sell it me. As I remember, this should be the house. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMBeing holiday, the beggar's shop is shut. What, ho! Apothecary!Enter ApothecaryApothecaryWho calls so loud?ROMEOCome hither, man. I see that thou art poor:Hold, there is forty ducats: let me haveA dram of poison, such soon-speeding gearAs will disperse itself through all the veinsThat the life-weary taker may fall deadAnd that the trunk may be discharged of breathAs violently as hasty powder firedDoth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb. ApothecarySuch mortal drugs I have; but Mantua's lawIs death to any he that utters them. ROMEOArt thou so bare and full of wretchedness,And fear'st to die? Famine is in thy cheeks,Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes,Contempt and beggary hangs upon thy back;The world is not thy friend nor the world's law;The world affords no law to make thee rich;Then be not poor, but break it, and take this. ApothecaryMy poverty, but not my will, consents. ROMEOI pay thy poverty, and not thy will. ApothecaryPut this in any liquid thing you will,And drink it off; and, if you had the strengthOf twenty men, it would dispatch you straight. ROMEOThere is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls,Doing more murders in this loathsome world,Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none. Farewell: buy food, and get thyself in flesh. Come, cordial and not poison, go with meTo Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee. ExeuntSCENE II.
Apothecary!Enter ApothecaryApothecaryWho calls so loud?ROMEOCome hither, man. I see that thou art poor:Hold, there is forty ducats: let me haveA dram of poison, such soon-speeding gearAs will disperse itself through all the veinsThat the life-weary taker may fall deadAnd that the trunk may be discharged of breathAs violently as hasty powder firedDoth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb. ApothecarySuch mortal drugs I have; but Mantua's lawIs death to any he that utters them. ROMEOArt thou so bare and full of wretchedness,And fear'st to die? Famine is in thy cheeks,Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes,Contempt and beggary hangs upon thy back;The world is not thy friend nor the world's law;The world affords no law to make thee rich;Then be not poor, but break it, and take this. ApothecaryMy poverty, but not my will, consents. ROMEOI pay thy poverty, and not thy will. ApothecaryPut this in any liquid thing you will,And drink it off; and, if you had the strengthOf twenty men, it would dispatch you straight. ROMEOThere is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls,Doing more murders in this loathsome world,Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none. Farewell: buy food, and get thyself in flesh. Come, cordial and not poison, go with meTo Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee. ExeuntSCENE II. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR JOHNFRIAR JOHNHoly Franciscan friar!
I see that thou art poor:Hold, there is forty ducats: let me haveA dram of poison, such soon-speeding gearAs will disperse itself through all the veinsThat the life-weary taker may fall deadAnd that the trunk may be discharged of breathAs violently as hasty powder firedDoth hurry from the fatal cannon's womb. ApothecarySuch mortal drugs I have; but Mantua's lawIs death to any he that utters them. ROMEOArt thou so bare and full of wretchedness,And fear'st to die? Famine is in thy cheeks,Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes,Contempt and beggary hangs upon thy back;The world is not thy friend nor the world's law;The world affords no law to make thee rich;Then be not poor, but break it, and take this. ApothecaryMy poverty, but not my will, consents. ROMEOI pay thy poverty, and not thy will. ApothecaryPut this in any liquid thing you will,And drink it off; and, if you had the strengthOf twenty men, it would dispatch you straight. ROMEOThere is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls,Doing more murders in this loathsome world,Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none. Farewell: buy food, and get thyself in flesh. Come, cordial and not poison, go with meTo Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee. ExeuntSCENE II. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR JOHNFRIAR JOHNHoly Franciscan friar! Brother, ho!Enter FRIAR LAURENCEFRIAR LAURENCEThis same should be the voice of Friar John. Welcome from Mantua: what says Romeo?Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter. FRIAR JOHNGoing to find a bare-foot brother outOne of our order, to associate me,Here in this city visiting the sick,And finding him, the searchers of the town,Suspecting that we both were in a houseWhere the infectious pestilence did reign,Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us forth;So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd. FRIAR LAURENCEWho bare my letter, then, to Romeo?FRIAR JOHNI could not send it,--here it is again,-Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,So fearful were they of infection. FRIAR LAURENCEUnhappy fortune!
Famine is in thy cheeks,Need and oppression starveth in thine eyes,Contempt and beggary hangs upon thy back;The world is not thy friend nor the world's law;The world affords no law to make thee rich;Then be not poor, but break it, and take this. ApothecaryMy poverty, but not my will, consents. ROMEOI pay thy poverty, and not thy will. ApothecaryPut this in any liquid thing you will,And drink it off; and, if you had the strengthOf twenty men, it would dispatch you straight. ROMEOThere is thy gold, worse poison to men's souls,Doing more murders in this loathsome world,Than these poor compounds that thou mayst not sell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI sell thee poison; thou hast sold me none. Farewell: buy food, and get thyself in flesh. Come, cordial and not poison, go with meTo Juliet's grave; for there must I use thee. ExeuntSCENE II. Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR JOHNFRIAR JOHNHoly Franciscan friar! Brother, ho!Enter FRIAR LAURENCEFRIAR LAURENCEThis same should be the voice of Friar John. Welcome from Mantua: what says Romeo?Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter. FRIAR JOHNGoing to find a bare-foot brother outOne of our order, to associate me,Here in this city visiting the sick,And finding him, the searchers of the town,Suspecting that we both were in a houseWhere the infectious pestilence did reign,Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us forth;So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd. FRIAR LAURENCEWho bare my letter, then, to Romeo?FRIAR JOHNI could not send it,--here it is again,-Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,So fearful were they of infection. FRIAR LAURENCEUnhappy fortune! By my brotherhood,The letter was not nice but full of chargeOf dear import, and the neglecting itMay do much danger.
Friar Laurence's cell. Enter FRIAR JOHNFRIAR JOHNHoly Franciscan friar! Brother, ho!Enter FRIAR LAURENCEFRIAR LAURENCEThis same should be the voice of Friar John. Welcome from Mantua: what says Romeo?Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter. FRIAR JOHNGoing to find a bare-foot brother outOne of our order, to associate me,Here in this city visiting the sick,And finding him, the searchers of the town,Suspecting that we both were in a houseWhere the infectious pestilence did reign,Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us forth;So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd. FRIAR LAURENCEWho bare my letter, then, to Romeo?FRIAR JOHNI could not send it,--here it is again,-Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,So fearful were they of infection. FRIAR LAURENCEUnhappy fortune! By my brotherhood,The letter was not nice but full of chargeOf dear import, and the neglecting itMay do much danger. Friar John, go hence;Get me an iron crow, and bring it straightUnto my cell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFRIAR JOHNBrother, I'll go and bring it thee. ExitFRIAR LAURENCENow must I to the monument alone;Within three hours will fair Juliet wake:She will beshrew me much that RomeoHath had no notice of these accidents;But I will write again to Mantua,And keep her at my cell till Romeo come;Poor living corse, closed in a dead man's tomb!ExitSCENE III.
Brother, ho!Enter FRIAR LAURENCEFRIAR LAURENCEThis same should be the voice of Friar John. Welcome from Mantua: what says Romeo?Or, if his mind be writ, give me his letter. FRIAR JOHNGoing to find a bare-foot brother outOne of our order, to associate me,Here in this city visiting the sick,And finding him, the searchers of the town,Suspecting that we both were in a houseWhere the infectious pestilence did reign,Seal'd up the doors, and would not let us forth;So that my speed to Mantua there was stay'd. FRIAR LAURENCEWho bare my letter, then, to Romeo?FRIAR JOHNI could not send it,--here it is again,-Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,So fearful were they of infection. FRIAR LAURENCEUnhappy fortune! By my brotherhood,The letter was not nice but full of chargeOf dear import, and the neglecting itMay do much danger. Friar John, go hence;Get me an iron crow, and bring it straightUnto my cell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFRIAR JOHNBrother, I'll go and bring it thee. ExitFRIAR LAURENCENow must I to the monument alone;Within three hours will fair Juliet wake:She will beshrew me much that RomeoHath had no notice of these accidents;But I will write again to Mantua,And keep her at my cell till Romeo come;Poor living corse, closed in a dead man's tomb!ExitSCENE III. A churchyard; in it a tomb belonging to the Capulets. Enter PARIS, and his Page bearing flowers and a torchPARISGive me thy torch, boy: hence, and stand aloof:Yet put it out, for I would not be seen. Under yond yew-trees lay thee all along,Holding thine ear close to the hollow ground;So shall no foot upon the churchyard tread,Being loose, unfirm, with digging up of graves,But thou shalt hear it: whistle then to me,As signal that thou hear'st something approach. Give me those flowers.
By my brotherhood,The letter was not nice but full of chargeOf dear import, and the neglecting itMay do much danger. Friar John, go hence;Get me an iron crow, and bring it straightUnto my cell. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMFRIAR JOHNBrother, I'll go and bring it thee. ExitFRIAR LAURENCENow must I to the monument alone;Within three hours will fair Juliet wake:She will beshrew me much that RomeoHath had no notice of these accidents;But I will write again to Mantua,And keep her at my cell till Romeo come;Poor living corse, closed in a dead man's tomb!ExitSCENE III. A churchyard; in it a tomb belonging to the Capulets. Enter PARIS, and his Page bearing flowers and a torchPARISGive me thy torch, boy: hence, and stand aloof:Yet put it out, for I would not be seen. Under yond yew-trees lay thee all along,Holding thine ear close to the hollow ground;So shall no foot upon the churchyard tread,Being loose, unfirm, with digging up of graves,But thou shalt hear it: whistle then to me,As signal that thou hear'st something approach. Give me those flowers. Do as I bid thee, go. PAGE Aside I am almost afraid to stand aloneHere in the churchyard; yet I will adventure. RetiresPARISSweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew,-O woe! Thy canopy is dust and stones;-Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,Or, wanting that, with tears distill'd by moans:The obsequies that I for thee will keepNightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep. The Page whistlesThe boy gives warning something doth approach. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWhat cursed foot wanders this way to-night,To cross my obsequies and true love's rite?What with a torch!
A churchyard; in it a tomb belonging to the Capulets. Enter PARIS, and his Page bearing flowers and a torchPARISGive me thy torch, boy: hence, and stand aloof:Yet put it out, for I would not be seen. Under yond yew-trees lay thee all along,Holding thine ear close to the hollow ground;So shall no foot upon the churchyard tread,Being loose, unfirm, with digging up of graves,But thou shalt hear it: whistle then to me,As signal that thou hear'st something approach. Give me those flowers. Do as I bid thee, go. PAGE Aside I am almost afraid to stand aloneHere in the churchyard; yet I will adventure. RetiresPARISSweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew,-O woe! Thy canopy is dust and stones;-Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,Or, wanting that, with tears distill'd by moans:The obsequies that I for thee will keepNightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep. The Page whistlesThe boy gives warning something doth approach. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWhat cursed foot wanders this way to-night,To cross my obsequies and true love's rite?What with a torch! Muffle me, night, awhile. RetiresEnter ROMEO and BALTHASAR, with a torch, mattock, cROMEOGive me that mattock and the wrenching iron. Hold, take this letter; early in the morningSee thou deliver it to my lord and father. Give me the light: upon thy life, I charge thee,Whate'er thou hear'st or seest, stand all aloof,And do not interrupt me in my course. Why I descend into this bed of death,Is partly to behold my lady's face;But chiefly to take thence from her dead fingerA precious ring, a ring that I must useIn dear employment: therefore hence, be gone:But if thou, jealous, dost return to pryIn what I further shall intend to do,By heaven, I will tear thee joint by jointAnd strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs:The time and my intents are savage-wild,More fierce and more inexorable farThan empty tigers or the roaring sea. BALTHASARI will be gone, sir, and not trouble you. ROMEOSo shalt thou show me friendship.
Do as I bid thee, go. PAGE Aside I am almost afraid to stand aloneHere in the churchyard; yet I will adventure. RetiresPARISSweet flower, with flowers thy bridal bed I strew,-O woe! Thy canopy is dust and stones;-Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,Or, wanting that, with tears distill'd by moans:The obsequies that I for thee will keepNightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep. The Page whistlesThe boy gives warning something doth approach. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWhat cursed foot wanders this way to-night,To cross my obsequies and true love's rite?What with a torch! Muffle me, night, awhile. RetiresEnter ROMEO and BALTHASAR, with a torch, mattock, cROMEOGive me that mattock and the wrenching iron. Hold, take this letter; early in the morningSee thou deliver it to my lord and father. Give me the light: upon thy life, I charge thee,Whate'er thou hear'st or seest, stand all aloof,And do not interrupt me in my course. Why I descend into this bed of death,Is partly to behold my lady's face;But chiefly to take thence from her dead fingerA precious ring, a ring that I must useIn dear employment: therefore hence, be gone:But if thou, jealous, dost return to pryIn what I further shall intend to do,By heaven, I will tear thee joint by jointAnd strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs:The time and my intents are savage-wild,More fierce and more inexorable farThan empty tigers or the roaring sea. BALTHASARI will be gone, sir, and not trouble you. ROMEOSo shalt thou show me friendship. Take thou that:Live, and be prosperous: and farewell, good fellow. BALTHASAR Aside For all this same, I'll hide me hereabout:His looks I fear, and his intents I doubt. RetiresROMEOThou detestable maw, thou womb of death,Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth,Thus I enforce thy rotten jaws to open,And, in despite, I'll cram thee with more food!Opens the tomb Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMPARISThis is that banish'd haughty Montague,That murder'd my love's cousin, with which grief,It is supposed, the fair creature died;And here is come to do some villanous shameTo the dead bodies: I will apprehend him. Comes forwardStop thy unhallow'd toil, vile Montague!Can vengeance be pursued further than death?Condemned villain, I do apprehend thee:Obey, and go with me; for thou must die. ROMEOI must indeed; and therefore came I hither. Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man;Fly hence, and leave me: think upon these gone;Let them affright thee.
Thy canopy is dust and stones;-Which with sweet water nightly I will dew,Or, wanting that, with tears distill'd by moans:The obsequies that I for thee will keepNightly shall be to strew thy grave and weep. The Page whistlesThe boy gives warning something doth approach. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMWhat cursed foot wanders this way to-night,To cross my obsequies and true love's rite?What with a torch! Muffle me, night, awhile. RetiresEnter ROMEO and BALTHASAR, with a torch, mattock, cROMEOGive me that mattock and the wrenching iron. Hold, take this letter; early in the morningSee thou deliver it to my lord and father. Give me the light: upon thy life, I charge thee,Whate'er thou hear'st or seest, stand all aloof,And do not interrupt me in my course. Why I descend into this bed of death,Is partly to behold my lady's face;But chiefly to take thence from her dead fingerA precious ring, a ring that I must useIn dear employment: therefore hence, be gone:But if thou, jealous, dost return to pryIn what I further shall intend to do,By heaven, I will tear thee joint by jointAnd strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs:The time and my intents are savage-wild,More fierce and more inexorable farThan empty tigers or the roaring sea. BALTHASARI will be gone, sir, and not trouble you. ROMEOSo shalt thou show me friendship. Take thou that:Live, and be prosperous: and farewell, good fellow. BALTHASAR Aside For all this same, I'll hide me hereabout:His looks I fear, and his intents I doubt. RetiresROMEOThou detestable maw, thou womb of death,Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth,Thus I enforce thy rotten jaws to open,And, in despite, I'll cram thee with more food!Opens the tomb Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMPARISThis is that banish'd haughty Montague,That murder'd my love's cousin, with which grief,It is supposed, the fair creature died;And here is come to do some villanous shameTo the dead bodies: I will apprehend him. Comes forwardStop thy unhallow'd toil, vile Montague!Can vengeance be pursued further than death?Condemned villain, I do apprehend thee:Obey, and go with me; for thou must die. ROMEOI must indeed; and therefore came I hither. Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man;Fly hence, and leave me: think upon these gone;Let them affright thee. I beseech thee, youth,Put not another sin upon my head,By urging me to fury: O, be gone!By heaven, I love thee better than myself;For I come hither arm'd against myself:Stay not, be gone; live, and hereafter say,A madman's mercy bade thee run away. PARISI do defy thy conjurations,And apprehend thee for a felon here. ROMEOWilt thou provoke me?
Muffle me, night, awhile. RetiresEnter ROMEO and BALTHASAR, with a torch, mattock, cROMEOGive me that mattock and the wrenching iron. Hold, take this letter; early in the morningSee thou deliver it to my lord and father. Give me the light: upon thy life, I charge thee,Whate'er thou hear'st or seest, stand all aloof,And do not interrupt me in my course. Why I descend into this bed of death,Is partly to behold my lady's face;But chiefly to take thence from her dead fingerA precious ring, a ring that I must useIn dear employment: therefore hence, be gone:But if thou, jealous, dost return to pryIn what I further shall intend to do,By heaven, I will tear thee joint by jointAnd strew this hungry churchyard with thy limbs:The time and my intents are savage-wild,More fierce and more inexorable farThan empty tigers or the roaring sea. BALTHASARI will be gone, sir, and not trouble you. ROMEOSo shalt thou show me friendship. Take thou that:Live, and be prosperous: and farewell, good fellow. BALTHASAR Aside For all this same, I'll hide me hereabout:His looks I fear, and his intents I doubt. RetiresROMEOThou detestable maw, thou womb of death,Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth,Thus I enforce thy rotten jaws to open,And, in despite, I'll cram thee with more food!Opens the tomb Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMPARISThis is that banish'd haughty Montague,That murder'd my love's cousin, with which grief,It is supposed, the fair creature died;And here is come to do some villanous shameTo the dead bodies: I will apprehend him. Comes forwardStop thy unhallow'd toil, vile Montague!Can vengeance be pursued further than death?Condemned villain, I do apprehend thee:Obey, and go with me; for thou must die. ROMEOI must indeed; and therefore came I hither. Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man;Fly hence, and leave me: think upon these gone;Let them affright thee. I beseech thee, youth,Put not another sin upon my head,By urging me to fury: O, be gone!By heaven, I love thee better than myself;For I come hither arm'd against myself:Stay not, be gone; live, and hereafter say,A madman's mercy bade thee run away. PARISI do defy thy conjurations,And apprehend thee for a felon here. ROMEOWilt thou provoke me? Then have at thee, boy!They fightPAGEO Lord, they fight!
Take thou that:Live, and be prosperous: and farewell, good fellow. BALTHASAR Aside For all this same, I'll hide me hereabout:His looks I fear, and his intents I doubt. RetiresROMEOThou detestable maw, thou womb of death,Gorged with the dearest morsel of the earth,Thus I enforce thy rotten jaws to open,And, in despite, I'll cram thee with more food!Opens the tomb Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMPARISThis is that banish'd haughty Montague,That murder'd my love's cousin, with which grief,It is supposed, the fair creature died;And here is come to do some villanous shameTo the dead bodies: I will apprehend him. Comes forwardStop thy unhallow'd toil, vile Montague!Can vengeance be pursued further than death?Condemned villain, I do apprehend thee:Obey, and go with me; for thou must die. ROMEOI must indeed; and therefore came I hither. Good gentle youth, tempt not a desperate man;Fly hence, and leave me: think upon these gone;Let them affright thee. I beseech thee, youth,Put not another sin upon my head,By urging me to fury: O, be gone!By heaven, I love thee better than myself;For I come hither arm'd against myself:Stay not, be gone; live, and hereafter say,A madman's mercy bade thee run away. PARISI do defy thy conjurations,And apprehend thee for a felon here. ROMEOWilt thou provoke me? Then have at thee, boy!They fightPAGEO Lord, they fight! I will go call the watch. ExitPARISO, I am slain!FallsIf thou be merciful,Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMDiesROMEOIn faith, I will. Let me peruse this face. Mercutio's kinsman, noble County Paris!What said my man, when my betossed soulDid not attend him as we rode?
Then have at thee, boy!They fightPAGEO Lord, they fight! I will go call the watch. ExitPARISO, I am slain!FallsIf thou be merciful,Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMDiesROMEOIn faith, I will. Let me peruse this face. Mercutio's kinsman, noble County Paris!What said my man, when my betossed soulDid not attend him as we rode? I thinkHe told me Paris should have married Juliet:Said he not so? Or did I dream it so?Or am I mad, hearing him talk of Juliet,To think it was so? O, give me thy hand,One writ with me in sour misfortune's book!I'll bury thee in a triumphant grave;A grave? O no! A lantern, slaughter'd youth,For here lies Juliet, and her beauty makesThis vault a feasting presence full of light. Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interr'd. Laying PARIS in the tombHow oft when men are at the point of deathHave they been merry! Which their keepers callA lightning before death: O, how may ICall this a lightning? O my love! My wife!Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yetIs crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,And death's pale flag is not advanced there. Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?O, what more favour can I do to thee,Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twainTo sunder his that was thine enemy?Forgive me, cousin! Ah, dear Juliet,Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believeThat unsubstantial death is amorous,And that the lean abhorred monster keepsThee here in dark to be his paramour?For fear of that, I still will stay with thee;And never from this palace of dim nightDepart again: here, here will I remainWith worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, hereWill I set up my everlasting rest,And shake the yoke of inauspicious starsFrom this world-wearied flesh.
My wife!Death, that hath suck'd the honey of thy breath,Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:Thou art not conquer'd; beauty's ensign yetIs crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,And death's pale flag is not advanced there. Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?O, what more favour can I do to thee,Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twainTo sunder his that was thine enemy?Forgive me, cousin! Ah, dear Juliet,Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believeThat unsubstantial death is amorous,And that the lean abhorred monster keepsThee here in dark to be his paramour?For fear of that, I still will stay with thee;And never from this palace of dim nightDepart again: here, here will I remainWith worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, hereWill I set up my everlasting rest,And shake the yoke of inauspicious starsFrom this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last!Arms, take your last embrace! And, lips, O youThe doors of breath, seal with a righteous kissA dateless bargain to engrossing death!Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide!Thou desperate pilot, now at once run onThe dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark! Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMHere's to my love!DrinksO true apothecary!Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. DiesEnter, at the other end of the churchyard, FRIAR LAURENCE, with a lantern, crow, andspadeFRIAR LAURENCESaint Francis be my speed! How oft to-nightHave my old feet stumbled at graves! Who's there?BALTHASARHere's one, a friend, and one that knows you well. FRIAR LAURENCEBliss be upon you! Tell me, good my friend,What torch is yond, that vainly lends his lightTo grubs and eyeless skulls?
How oft to-nightHave my old feet stumbled at graves! Who's there?BALTHASARHere's one, a friend, and one that knows you well. FRIAR LAURENCEBliss be upon you! Tell me, good my friend,What torch is yond, that vainly lends his lightTo grubs and eyeless skulls? As I discern,It burneth in the Capel's monument. BALTHASARIt doth so, holy sir; and there's my master,One that you love. FRIAR LAURENCEWho is it?BALTHASARRomeo. FRIAR LAURENCEHow long hath he been there?BALTHASARFull half an hour. FRIAR LAURENCEGo with me to the vault. BALTHASAR Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMI dare not, sirMy master knows not but I am gone hence;And fearfully did menace me with death,If I did stay to look on his intents. FRIAR LAURENCEStay, then; I'll go alone. Fear comes upon me:O, much I fear some ill unlucky thing. BALTHASARAs I did sleep under this yew-tree here,I dreamt my master and another fought,And that my master slew him. FRIAR LAURENCERomeo!AdvancesAlack, alack, what blood is this, which stainsThe stony entrance of this sepulchre?What mean these masterless and gory swordsTo lie discolour'd by this place of peace?Enters the tombRomeo! O, pale! Who else? What, Paris too?And steep'd in blood? Ah, what an unkind hourIs guilty of this lamentable chance!The lady stirs. JULIET wakesJULIETO comfortable friar! Where is my lord?I do remember well where I should be,And there I am. Where is my Romeo?Noise withinFRIAR LAURENCEI hear some noise. Lady, come from that nestOf death, contagion, and unnatural sleep:A greater power than we can contradictHath thwarted our intents. Come, come away. Thy husband in thy bosom there lies dead;And Paris too.
Where is my Romeo?Noise withinFRIAR LAURENCEI hear some noise. Lady, come from that nestOf death, contagion, and unnatural sleep:A greater power than we can contradictHath thwarted our intents. Come, come away. Thy husband in thy bosom there lies dead;And Paris too. Come, I'll dispose of theeAmong a sisterhood of holy nuns:Stay not to question, for the watch is coming; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMCome, go, good Juliet,Noise againI dare no longer stay. JULIETGo, get thee hence, for I will not away. Exit FRIAR LAURENCEWhat's here? A cup, closed in my true love's hand?Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end:O churl! Drunk all, and left no friendly dropTo help me after? I will kiss thy lips;Haply some poison yet doth hang on them,To make die with a restorative. Kisses himThy lips are warm. First Watchman Within Lead, boy: which way?JULIETYea, noise? Then I'll be brief. O happy dagger!Snatching ROMEO's daggerThis is thy sheath;Stabs herselfthere rust, and let me die. Falls on ROMEO's body, and diesEnter Watch, with the Page of PARISPAGEThis is the place; there, where the torch doth burn. First WatchmanThe ground is bloody; search about the churchyard:Go, some of you, whoe'er you find attach. Pitiful sight!
I will kiss thy lips;Haply some poison yet doth hang on them,To make die with a restorative. Kisses himThy lips are warm. First Watchman Within Lead, boy: which way?JULIETYea, noise? Then I'll be brief. O happy dagger!Snatching ROMEO's daggerThis is thy sheath;Stabs herselfthere rust, and let me die. Falls on ROMEO's body, and diesEnter Watch, with the Page of PARISPAGEThis is the place; there, where the torch doth burn. First WatchmanThe ground is bloody; search about the churchyard:Go, some of you, whoe'er you find attach. Pitiful sight! Here lies the county slain,And Juliet bleeding, warm, and newly dead,Who here hath lain these two days buried. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMGo, tell the prince: run to the Capulets:Raise up the Montagues: some others search:We see the ground whereon these woes do lie;But the true ground of all these piteous woesWe cannot without circumstance descry. Re-enter some of the Watch, with BALTHASARSecond WatchmanHere's Romeo's man; we found him in the churchyard. First WatchmanHold him in safety, till the prince come hither. Re-enter others of the Watch, with FRIAR LAURENCEThird WatchmanHere is a friar, that trembles, sighs and weeps:We took this mattock and this spade from him,As he was coming from this churchyard side. First WatchmanA great suspicion: stay the friar too. Enter the PRINCE and AttendantsPRINCEWhat misadventure is so early up,That calls our person from our morning's rest?Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, and othersCAPULETWhat should it be, that they so shriek abroad?LADY CAPULETThe people in the street cry Romeo,Some Juliet, and some Paris; and all run,With open outcry toward our monument. PRINCEWhat fear is this which startles in our ears?First WatchmanSovereign, here lies the County Paris slain; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd Romeo dead; and Juliet, dead before,Warm and new kill'd. PRINCESearch, seek, and know how this foul murder comes. First WatchmanHere is a friar, and slaughter'd Romeo's man;With instruments upon them, fit to openThese dead men's tombs. CAPULETO heavens!
Then I'll be brief. O happy dagger!Snatching ROMEO's daggerThis is thy sheath;Stabs herselfthere rust, and let me die. Falls on ROMEO's body, and diesEnter Watch, with the Page of PARISPAGEThis is the place; there, where the torch doth burn. First WatchmanThe ground is bloody; search about the churchyard:Go, some of you, whoe'er you find attach. Pitiful sight! Here lies the county slain,And Juliet bleeding, warm, and newly dead,Who here hath lain these two days buried. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMGo, tell the prince: run to the Capulets:Raise up the Montagues: some others search:We see the ground whereon these woes do lie;But the true ground of all these piteous woesWe cannot without circumstance descry. Re-enter some of the Watch, with BALTHASARSecond WatchmanHere's Romeo's man; we found him in the churchyard. First WatchmanHold him in safety, till the prince come hither. Re-enter others of the Watch, with FRIAR LAURENCEThird WatchmanHere is a friar, that trembles, sighs and weeps:We took this mattock and this spade from him,As he was coming from this churchyard side. First WatchmanA great suspicion: stay the friar too. Enter the PRINCE and AttendantsPRINCEWhat misadventure is so early up,That calls our person from our morning's rest?Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, and othersCAPULETWhat should it be, that they so shriek abroad?LADY CAPULETThe people in the street cry Romeo,Some Juliet, and some Paris; and all run,With open outcry toward our monument. PRINCEWhat fear is this which startles in our ears?First WatchmanSovereign, here lies the County Paris slain; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd Romeo dead; and Juliet, dead before,Warm and new kill'd. PRINCESearch, seek, and know how this foul murder comes. First WatchmanHere is a friar, and slaughter'd Romeo's man;With instruments upon them, fit to openThese dead men's tombs. CAPULETO heavens! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds!This dagger hath mista'en--for, lo, his houseIs empty on the back of Montague,-And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom!LADY CAPULETO me!
O happy dagger!Snatching ROMEO's daggerThis is thy sheath;Stabs herselfthere rust, and let me die. Falls on ROMEO's body, and diesEnter Watch, with the Page of PARISPAGEThis is the place; there, where the torch doth burn. First WatchmanThe ground is bloody; search about the churchyard:Go, some of you, whoe'er you find attach. Pitiful sight! Here lies the county slain,And Juliet bleeding, warm, and newly dead,Who here hath lain these two days buried. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMGo, tell the prince: run to the Capulets:Raise up the Montagues: some others search:We see the ground whereon these woes do lie;But the true ground of all these piteous woesWe cannot without circumstance descry. Re-enter some of the Watch, with BALTHASARSecond WatchmanHere's Romeo's man; we found him in the churchyard. First WatchmanHold him in safety, till the prince come hither. Re-enter others of the Watch, with FRIAR LAURENCEThird WatchmanHere is a friar, that trembles, sighs and weeps:We took this mattock and this spade from him,As he was coming from this churchyard side. First WatchmanA great suspicion: stay the friar too. Enter the PRINCE and AttendantsPRINCEWhat misadventure is so early up,That calls our person from our morning's rest?Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, and othersCAPULETWhat should it be, that they so shriek abroad?LADY CAPULETThe people in the street cry Romeo,Some Juliet, and some Paris; and all run,With open outcry toward our monument. PRINCEWhat fear is this which startles in our ears?First WatchmanSovereign, here lies the County Paris slain; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd Romeo dead; and Juliet, dead before,Warm and new kill'd. PRINCESearch, seek, and know how this foul murder comes. First WatchmanHere is a friar, and slaughter'd Romeo's man;With instruments upon them, fit to openThese dead men's tombs. CAPULETO heavens! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds!This dagger hath mista'en--for, lo, his houseIs empty on the back of Montague,-And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom!LADY CAPULETO me! This sight of death is as a bell,That warns my old age to a sepulchre. Enter MONTAGUE and othersPRINCECome, Montague; for thou art early up,To see thy son and heir more early down. MONTAGUEAlas, my liege, my wife is dead to-night;Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her breath:What further woe conspires against mine age?PRINCELook, and thou shalt see. MONTAGUEO thou untaught!
Here lies the county slain,And Juliet bleeding, warm, and newly dead,Who here hath lain these two days buried. Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMGo, tell the prince: run to the Capulets:Raise up the Montagues: some others search:We see the ground whereon these woes do lie;But the true ground of all these piteous woesWe cannot without circumstance descry. Re-enter some of the Watch, with BALTHASARSecond WatchmanHere's Romeo's man; we found him in the churchyard. First WatchmanHold him in safety, till the prince come hither. Re-enter others of the Watch, with FRIAR LAURENCEThird WatchmanHere is a friar, that trembles, sighs and weeps:We took this mattock and this spade from him,As he was coming from this churchyard side. First WatchmanA great suspicion: stay the friar too. Enter the PRINCE and AttendantsPRINCEWhat misadventure is so early up,That calls our person from our morning's rest?Enter CAPULET, LADY CAPULET, and othersCAPULETWhat should it be, that they so shriek abroad?LADY CAPULETThe people in the street cry Romeo,Some Juliet, and some Paris; and all run,With open outcry toward our monument. PRINCEWhat fear is this which startles in our ears?First WatchmanSovereign, here lies the County Paris slain; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd Romeo dead; and Juliet, dead before,Warm and new kill'd. PRINCESearch, seek, and know how this foul murder comes. First WatchmanHere is a friar, and slaughter'd Romeo's man;With instruments upon them, fit to openThese dead men's tombs. CAPULETO heavens! O wife, look how our daughter bleeds!This dagger hath mista'en--for, lo, his houseIs empty on the back of Montague,-And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom!LADY CAPULETO me! This sight of death is as a bell,That warns my old age to a sepulchre. Enter MONTAGUE and othersPRINCECome, Montague; for thou art early up,To see thy son and heir more early down. MONTAGUEAlas, my liege, my wife is dead to-night;Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her breath:What further woe conspires against mine age?PRINCELook, and thou shalt see. MONTAGUEO thou untaught! What manners is in this?To press before thy father to a grave?PRINCESeal up the mouth of outrage for a while,Till we can clear these ambiguities,And know their spring, their head, theirtrue descent;And then will I be general of your woes, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd lead you even to death: meantime forbear,And let mischance be slave to patience. Bring forth the parties of suspicion. FRIAR LAURENCEI am the greatest, able to do least,Yet most suspected, as the time and placeDoth make against me of this direful murder;And here I stand, both to impeach and purgeMyself condemned and myself excused. PRINCEThen say at once what thou dost know in this. FRIAR LAURENCEI will be brief, for my short date of breathIs not so long as is a tedious tale. Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet;And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife:I married them; and their stol'n marriage-dayWas Tybalt's dooms-day, whose untimely deathBanish'd the new-made bridegroom from the city,For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. You, to remove that siege of grief from her,Betroth'd and would have married her perforceTo County Paris: then comes she to me,And, with wild looks, bid me devise some meanTo rid her from this second marriage,Or in my cell there would she kill herself. Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,A sleeping potion; which so took effectAs I intended, for it wrought on herThe form of death: meantime I writ to Romeo,That he should hither come as this dire night,To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,Being the time the potion's force should cease. But he which bore my letter, Friar John,Was stay'd by accident, and yesternightReturn'd my letter back.
O wife, look how our daughter bleeds!This dagger hath mista'en--for, lo, his houseIs empty on the back of Montague,-And it mis-sheathed in my daughter's bosom!LADY CAPULETO me! This sight of death is as a bell,That warns my old age to a sepulchre. Enter MONTAGUE and othersPRINCECome, Montague; for thou art early up,To see thy son and heir more early down. MONTAGUEAlas, my liege, my wife is dead to-night;Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her breath:What further woe conspires against mine age?PRINCELook, and thou shalt see. MONTAGUEO thou untaught! What manners is in this?To press before thy father to a grave?PRINCESeal up the mouth of outrage for a while,Till we can clear these ambiguities,And know their spring, their head, theirtrue descent;And then will I be general of your woes, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd lead you even to death: meantime forbear,And let mischance be slave to patience. Bring forth the parties of suspicion. FRIAR LAURENCEI am the greatest, able to do least,Yet most suspected, as the time and placeDoth make against me of this direful murder;And here I stand, both to impeach and purgeMyself condemned and myself excused. PRINCEThen say at once what thou dost know in this. FRIAR LAURENCEI will be brief, for my short date of breathIs not so long as is a tedious tale. Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet;And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife:I married them; and their stol'n marriage-dayWas Tybalt's dooms-day, whose untimely deathBanish'd the new-made bridegroom from the city,For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. You, to remove that siege of grief from her,Betroth'd and would have married her perforceTo County Paris: then comes she to me,And, with wild looks, bid me devise some meanTo rid her from this second marriage,Or in my cell there would she kill herself. Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,A sleeping potion; which so took effectAs I intended, for it wrought on herThe form of death: meantime I writ to Romeo,That he should hither come as this dire night,To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,Being the time the potion's force should cease. But he which bore my letter, Friar John,Was stay'd by accident, and yesternightReturn'd my letter back. Then all aloneAt the prefixed hour of her waking,Came I to take her from her kindred's vault;Meaning to keep her closely at my cell,Till I conveniently could send to Romeo:But when I came, some minute ere the timeOf her awaking, here untimely layThe noble Paris and true Romeo dead. She wakes; and I entreated her come forth,And bear this work of heaven with patience:But then a noise did scare me from the tomb; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd she, too desperate, would not go with me,But, as it seems, did violence on herself. All this I know; and to the marriageHer nurse is privy: and, if aught in thisMiscarried by my fault, let my old lifeBe sacrificed, some hour before his time,Unto the rigour of severest law. PRINCEWe still have known thee for a holy man. Where's Romeo's man?
This sight of death is as a bell,That warns my old age to a sepulchre. Enter MONTAGUE and othersPRINCECome, Montague; for thou art early up,To see thy son and heir more early down. MONTAGUEAlas, my liege, my wife is dead to-night;Grief of my son's exile hath stopp'd her breath:What further woe conspires against mine age?PRINCELook, and thou shalt see. MONTAGUEO thou untaught! What manners is in this?To press before thy father to a grave?PRINCESeal up the mouth of outrage for a while,Till we can clear these ambiguities,And know their spring, their head, theirtrue descent;And then will I be general of your woes, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd lead you even to death: meantime forbear,And let mischance be slave to patience. Bring forth the parties of suspicion. FRIAR LAURENCEI am the greatest, able to do least,Yet most suspected, as the time and placeDoth make against me of this direful murder;And here I stand, both to impeach and purgeMyself condemned and myself excused. PRINCEThen say at once what thou dost know in this. FRIAR LAURENCEI will be brief, for my short date of breathIs not so long as is a tedious tale. Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet;And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife:I married them; and their stol'n marriage-dayWas Tybalt's dooms-day, whose untimely deathBanish'd the new-made bridegroom from the city,For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. You, to remove that siege of grief from her,Betroth'd and would have married her perforceTo County Paris: then comes she to me,And, with wild looks, bid me devise some meanTo rid her from this second marriage,Or in my cell there would she kill herself. Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,A sleeping potion; which so took effectAs I intended, for it wrought on herThe form of death: meantime I writ to Romeo,That he should hither come as this dire night,To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,Being the time the potion's force should cease. But he which bore my letter, Friar John,Was stay'd by accident, and yesternightReturn'd my letter back. Then all aloneAt the prefixed hour of her waking,Came I to take her from her kindred's vault;Meaning to keep her closely at my cell,Till I conveniently could send to Romeo:But when I came, some minute ere the timeOf her awaking, here untimely layThe noble Paris and true Romeo dead. She wakes; and I entreated her come forth,And bear this work of heaven with patience:But then a noise did scare me from the tomb; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd she, too desperate, would not go with me,But, as it seems, did violence on herself. All this I know; and to the marriageHer nurse is privy: and, if aught in thisMiscarried by my fault, let my old lifeBe sacrificed, some hour before his time,Unto the rigour of severest law. PRINCEWe still have known thee for a holy man. Where's Romeo's man? What can he say in this?BALTHASARI brought my master news of Juliet's death;And then in post he came from MantuaTo this same place, to this same monument. This letter he early bid me give his father,And threatened me with death, going in the vault,I departed not and left him there. PRINCEGive me the letter; I will look on it. Where is the county's page, that raised the watch?Sirrah, what made your master in this place?PAGEHe came with flowers to strew his lady's grave;And bid me stand aloof, and so I did:Anon comes one with light to ope the tomb;And by and by my master drew on him;And then I ran away to call the watch. PRINCEThis letter doth make good the friar's words,Their course of love, the tidings of her death:And here he writes that he did buy a poisonOf a poor 'pothecary, and therewithalCame to this vault to die, and lie with Juliet. Where be these enemies?
What manners is in this?To press before thy father to a grave?PRINCESeal up the mouth of outrage for a while,Till we can clear these ambiguities,And know their spring, their head, theirtrue descent;And then will I be general of your woes, Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd lead you even to death: meantime forbear,And let mischance be slave to patience. Bring forth the parties of suspicion. FRIAR LAURENCEI am the greatest, able to do least,Yet most suspected, as the time and placeDoth make against me of this direful murder;And here I stand, both to impeach and purgeMyself condemned and myself excused. PRINCEThen say at once what thou dost know in this. FRIAR LAURENCEI will be brief, for my short date of breathIs not so long as is a tedious tale. Romeo, there dead, was husband to that Juliet;And she, there dead, that Romeo's faithful wife:I married them; and their stol'n marriage-dayWas Tybalt's dooms-day, whose untimely deathBanish'd the new-made bridegroom from the city,For whom, and not for Tybalt, Juliet pined. You, to remove that siege of grief from her,Betroth'd and would have married her perforceTo County Paris: then comes she to me,And, with wild looks, bid me devise some meanTo rid her from this second marriage,Or in my cell there would she kill herself. Then gave I her, so tutor'd by my art,A sleeping potion; which so took effectAs I intended, for it wrought on herThe form of death: meantime I writ to Romeo,That he should hither come as this dire night,To help to take her from her borrow'd grave,Being the time the potion's force should cease. But he which bore my letter, Friar John,Was stay'd by accident, and yesternightReturn'd my letter back. Then all aloneAt the prefixed hour of her waking,Came I to take her from her kindred's vault;Meaning to keep her closely at my cell,Till I conveniently could send to Romeo:But when I came, some minute ere the timeOf her awaking, here untimely layThe noble Paris and true Romeo dead. She wakes; and I entreated her come forth,And bear this work of heaven with patience:But then a noise did scare me from the tomb; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd she, too desperate, would not go with me,But, as it seems, did violence on herself. All this I know; and to the marriageHer nurse is privy: and, if aught in thisMiscarried by my fault, let my old lifeBe sacrificed, some hour before his time,Unto the rigour of severest law. PRINCEWe still have known thee for a holy man. Where's Romeo's man? What can he say in this?BALTHASARI brought my master news of Juliet's death;And then in post he came from MantuaTo this same place, to this same monument. This letter he early bid me give his father,And threatened me with death, going in the vault,I departed not and left him there. PRINCEGive me the letter; I will look on it. Where is the county's page, that raised the watch?Sirrah, what made your master in this place?PAGEHe came with flowers to strew his lady's grave;And bid me stand aloof, and so I did:Anon comes one with light to ope the tomb;And by and by my master drew on him;And then I ran away to call the watch. PRINCEThis letter doth make good the friar's words,Their course of love, the tidings of her death:And here he writes that he did buy a poisonOf a poor 'pothecary, and therewithalCame to this vault to die, and lie with Juliet. Where be these enemies? Capulet!
Then all aloneAt the prefixed hour of her waking,Came I to take her from her kindred's vault;Meaning to keep her closely at my cell,Till I conveniently could send to Romeo:But when I came, some minute ere the timeOf her awaking, here untimely layThe noble Paris and true Romeo dead. She wakes; and I entreated her come forth,And bear this work of heaven with patience:But then a noise did scare me from the tomb; Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMAnd she, too desperate, would not go with me,But, as it seems, did violence on herself. All this I know; and to the marriageHer nurse is privy: and, if aught in thisMiscarried by my fault, let my old lifeBe sacrificed, some hour before his time,Unto the rigour of severest law. PRINCEWe still have known thee for a holy man. Where's Romeo's man?what can he say in this?BALTHASARI brought my master news of Juliet's death;And then in post he came from MantuaTo this same place, to this same monument. This letter he early bid me give his father,And threatened me with death, going in the vault,I departed not and left him there. PRINCEGive me the letter; I will look on it. Where is the county's page, that raised the watch?Sirrah, what made your master in this place?PAGEHe came with flowers to strew his lady's grave;And bid me stand aloof, and so I did:Anon comes one with light to ope the tomb;And by and by my master drew on him;And then I ran away to call the watch. PRINCEThis letter doth make good the friar's words,Their course of love, the tidings of her death:And here he writes that he did buy a poisonOf a poor 'pothecary, and therewithalCame to this vault to die, and lie with Juliet. Where be these enemies?Capulet!Montague!See, what a scourge is laid upon your hate,That heaven finds means to kill your joys with love. And I for winking at your discords tooHave lost a brace of kinsmen: all are punish'd. CAPULETO brother Montague, give me thy hand:This is my daughter's jointure, for no more Romeo and Juliet: Entire Playhttp: www-tech.mit.edu Shakespeare romeo juliet full.html1 18 2007 12:23 PMCan I demand. MONTAGUEBut I can give thee more:For I will raise her statue in pure gold;That while Verona by that name is known,There shall no figure at such rate be setAs that of true and faithful Juliet. CAPULETAs rich shall Romeo's by his lady's lie;Poor sacrifices of our enmity!PRINCEA glooming peace this morning with it brings;The sun, for sorrow, will not show his head:Go hence, to have more talk of these sad things;Some shall be pardon'd, and some punished:For never was a story of more woeThan this of Juliet and her Romeo. Exeunt.
PSE C- ESSAYS BASED ON SET TEXTS Optional I- SHORT STORIES 1. Half a Day and Other Stories Comment on how ignorance, greed and corruption have led to the suffering of people in Saida, Hagi-Dirie Herzi s Government by Magic Spell 2. Macmillan Ed Half a day and other stories The Hands The Hands of the Blacks is a case of racial biasness . Discuss this statement using Luis Bernado Honwana s . The Hands of the Blacks 3. The short story: Macmillan Ed Half a day and other stories. Write a composition to justify the statement John is to blame for the death of Wamuhu basing your illustrations on Ngugi Wa Thiongo s A meeting in the Dark 4. Macmillan Ed , half a day and other stories. Write a composition highlighting the challenges of inter-racial relationships as revealed in the story Breaking Loose by Moyez Vassanji 5. Macmillan Ed. ,. Half a Day and other stories with reference to story The Hands of the Blacks by Luis Bernado Honwana, justify the assertion that racism is a creation of individuals. 20mks 6. Macmilan Ed , Half a Day and Other Stories. With reference to the short story Hands of the blacks by Luis Bernado Honwana, write a composition on how whites attempt to justify their mistreatment and exploitation of the black race. 7. Macmillan E.d. ,. Half a Day and other stories With illustrations from Peter Nazareth s Money Man , write an essay to illustrate the saying: money cannot buy happiness . 8. Macmillan Ed , Half a Day and other stories Write an essay on the complications that arise from Akoto and Yasmin s relationship right from the start-basing your illustrations on Moyez Vassanj s story Breaking Loose 9. Macmillan Ed Half a Day and Other Stories Drawing your illustrations from Government by magic spell by Saida Magi- Dirre Menzi, Write an essay on the saying Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 10.
8. Macmillan Ed , Half a Day and other stories Write an essay on the complications that arise from Akoto and Yasmin s relationship right from the start-basing your illustrations on Moyez Vassanj s story Breaking Loose 9. Macmillan Ed Half a Day and Other Stories Drawing your illustrations from Government by magic spell by Saida Magi- Dirre Menzi, Write an essay on the saying Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. 10. Macmillan Ed Half A Day and Other Stories Drawing your illustrations from Government by magic spell by Saida Hagi Dirre Henzi, write an essay on the saying, Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely 11. Macmillan Ed , Half a day and Other stories Write an essay entitled: Africans should not celebrate the new millennium. Base your argument on the reason given in Havua Tuma s story- Who cares for the new millennium. 12. Half a Day and Other Stories: 20mks Hama Tuma is against ills in society . Write an essay in support of the statement. Draw your illustrations from Hama Tuma s short story, Government by Magic spell . 13. Macmillan ed , Half a Day and other Stories School is not a punishment. It is the factory that makes useful men out of boys. Write a composition in 14. Half a day and other stories- Basing on Ngugi s story a meeting in the dark, write an essay to highlight problems of premarital sex. 15. Macmillan Ed , Half a Day and other Stories Using Ngugi wa Thiong o Martyr write an essay to show that Njoroge was bound to die as he did 16. Macmillan Ed. Half a Day and other stories Saida Hagi-Dirie Herzie Against the Pleasure Principles . Write a composition to show that Rahma and other women did not go through circumcision but female genital mutilation. 17. Macmillan Ed half a day and other stories.
Write a composition to show that Rahma and other women did not go through circumcision but female genital mutilation. 17. Macmillan Ed half a day and other stories. PSE Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely justify this statement basing your argument on Saida Hagi Diries story Government by Magic Spell II- THE DRAMA SHREDS OF TENDERNESS 1. Write a composition showing the problems caused by war 2. Write an essay showing Odie s feelings and fears towards his step brother Wak. 3. Whenever there is turmoil that leads to war, women and young girls suffer most . Write a composition showing how this happens to Stella. 4. Illustrating your answer with examples from Shreds of Tenderness, write a composition entitled, the prevalence of betrayal in human relationships. 5. In case of political tribulance in a country, those who remain in the country suffer as much as those who seek refuge elsewhere. Write a composition to illustrate this assertion basing your argument on John Ruganda s Shreds of Tenderness. 6. Drawing illustrations from John Ruganda s Shreds of Tenderness , write an essay in support of this statement: John Ruganda has successfully used the style play within a play in his book Shreds of tenderness 7. With close reference to the play Shreds of Tenderness , show why the title of the text is a suitable one. 8. Imagine that your school has organized a joint debate whose motion is: Military take over should not be given any room in this millennium. Propose this motion using illustrations from John Ruganda s Shreds of Tenderness 9. Drawing your illustrations from John Ruganda s Shreds of Tenderness , write an essay supporting the statement Betrayal in human relationships lead to the suffering of both the betrayed and the betrayer . 10. Write a composition on how the author has displayed the female character in the society. Refer to John Ruganda s Shreds of Tenderness. 11. Write an essay on the plight of women in a country under civil strife. Refer to John Rugandas Shreds of Tenderness. 12 Write an essay on ironies in Shreds of Tenderness using at least 4 illustrations of irony 13.
Write an essay on the plight of women in a country under civil strife. Refer to John Rugandas Shreds of Tenderness. 12 Write an essay on ironies in Shreds of Tenderness using at least 4 illustrations of irony 13. Odie is his own enemy . Write a composition to validate the truth of this statement in relation to Shreds of Tenderness 14. Illustrating your answer with examples from Shreds of Tenderness, write an essay entitled The pivotal character traits of the Girl child. 15. Odie s father is an epitome of an African man. Discuss. 20mks 16. Using illustrations from John Ruganda; Shreds of Tenderness Write a composition and show that sibling rivalry is dangerous 17. Write a composition showing the problems caused by war III THE NOVEL HOME STRETCH VELMA POLLARD 1. Using illustrations from Velma Pollard s Homestretch , write an essay on the problems a black person is likely to encounter while in America and England 20mks 2. Illustrating your answers with examples from Homestretch write an essay on how any three women offer help to Brenda in the foreign country. 3. Write a composition on experiences which forced Brenda to develop negative attitude towards Jamaica. Give illustrations from Velma pollard s Homestretch 4. Home stretch is a novel that explores the search for identify and belonging. Discuss the validity of this statement basing your answer on Velma Pollard s novel, Home Stretch. 5. Write a composition on the challenges that immigrants encounter. Refer to the novel Homestretch Velma Pollard. 6. One can make home be the best place by engaging in community development activities PSE With close reference to Velma pollard s Homestretch , write an essay to show how David and Edith prove the validity of the above statement. 7. Specifically focusing on Brenda in the novel, Homestretch by Velma Pollard; Write a composition to illustrate how early childhood experiences shape one s perception of life. 8. Write an essay showing how Brenda s contact with Laura changes her attitude towards Jamaica. 9.
8.Write an essay showing how Brenda s contact with Laura changes her attitude towards Jamaica.9.With illustrations from the novel Homestretch , write an essay on the problems that people who migrate to foreign countries encounter 10.Write a composition on the beauty of homecoming after a period of absence abroad. Draw your illustrations from Velma Pollards Homestretch 11.Using at least two characters from Velma Pollands Homestretch write an essay on the role played by women in the community.12. If well planned for, retirement is not to be feared. It can in fact be a useful period in a person s life. Basing your reasoning on what happens in the novel ,write a composition to explain this statement.13.Write a composition on challenges!Problems experienced by Africans in the diaspora. Draw your illustrations from the novel Homestretch by Velma Pollard.14.Despite challenges, women still become usefully successful. Using any two of the characters given below from Pollard s novel Homestretch support this statement. I Brenda ii Edith iii Mama Joy 15.Using illustrations from Velma Pollard; Homestretch write an essay how Laura helps Edith and David to settle down in Jamaica.
Sample Essays Margaret A. Ogola, The River and the Source 1. Gender imbalance only causes misery in society. Write an essay in support of this statement, drawing your illustrations from The River and the Source. 20 marks In the societies that are male dominated and male oriented, women are subjected to all forms of misery ranging from assault to emotional abuse. In The River and the Source, there are various manifestations of gender imbalance all of which reveal the suffering of women. Preference for sons in the traditional society is evident at the onset of the story. When Akoko is born, she yells so lustily that Chief Odero Gogni thinks with satisfaction that he has got another rock for my sling , another son. That the chief shows open preference for a son yet he already has seven sons and not a single daughter indicates preference for the boy child, a means of ensuring continuity of the family. This bias against the girl child is also revealed when Owuor Kembo s father fumes with silent fury because he has only two sons and twentytwo daughters, wanderers who would only depart to go and cook for some other clan. A woman s importance starts and ends with her ability to bear children especially sons. Owuor Kembo comes under great pressure form his mother, Nyar Asembo and the council of Jodongo because Akoko has difficulties conceiving as regularly as expected. Akoko suffersfalse accusations of witchcraft due to her inability to reproduce at the rate of her mother-inlaw s expectations. Gender inequality at Aluor Mission is expressed in the biased provision of eduation; with the girl child getting fewer chances of acquiring formal education. In a class of thirty-two pupils that Awiti joins, there is only one other girl who drops out soon after. While the boys drop out for the plausible reason of lack of three shillings levied as school fees, the girl drops out to get married. She is a victim of the traditional role assigned to women; till the land and rear children. Injustice against women is explicitly expressed when Otieno, Akoko s brother-in-law robs her of her late husband s wealth, her hard earned wealth and her grandson of his rightful position to the chieftaincy. Nyabera also deciphers injustice against women in the institution of tero .
She is a victim of the traditional role assigned to women; till the land and rear children. Injustice against women is explicitly expressed when Otieno, Akoko s brother-in-law robs her of her late husband s wealth, her hard earned wealth and her grandson of his rightful position to the chieftaincy. Nyabera also deciphers injustice against women in the institution of tero . Widow inheritance by a relative who only offers minimal comfort to the widow and whose only obligation is to sire more children for his dead brother or cousin, children he has no obligation to. Gender insensitivity is exposed at the university when Aoro, taking Wandia for granted addresses his anatomy study group as hey man yet a woman is part of it. It takes Wandia s assertive nature to correct the situation by insisting that people be referred to by their names. At the end of the anatomy course when Wandia defeats all, Aoro observes offensively that it was the first time he has been beaten by a girl and goes on to credit Wandia with the masculine quality of being tough. This insinuation makes Wandia a little disappointed. In conclusion, forms of gender prejudice such as preference for boys, the traditional role assigned to women, biased provision of education, injustices and insensitivity indeed cause untold suffering to women. Women should come out strongly and break off to an independent and dignified existence. 2. A river is as good as its source. Drawing examples from the lives of Akoko and her descendants in The River and the source, write an essay illustrating the truth of this statement. 20 marks A permanent river always has a good and reliable source. Such a river continues flowing and sustaining the lives of many generations without any fear of drying up. Akoko is symbolically the point of origin of the reliable family line river described in The River and the Source. Akoko s river starts flowing when she is born. She yells so lustily that her father imagines, wrongly of course, that he has another son. Later, he acknowledges the importance of a daughter by saying that a home without daughters is like a river without a source . Akoko is born to serve as the source of a great river that keeps flowing from her to Nyabera and Awiti who are strong women like her.
She yells so lustily that her father imagines, wrongly of course, that he has another son. Later, he acknowledges the importance of a daughter by saying that a home without daughters is like a river without a source . Akoko is born to serve as the source of a great river that keeps flowing from her to Nyabera and Awiti who are strong women like her. Although Nyabera initially meanders in some form of confusion, she eventually comes to terms with her being and guides her daughter Awiti to a strong foundation just like Akoko did to her. Akoko s river keeps on flowing and when it looks like it is drying up in the death of her son Obura, her husband Owuor Kembo, her only remaining son Owang Sino and Nyabera s children in childhood, the river emerges yet again when Nyabera gives birth to a child that survives. The river gathers momentum in Awiti and her seven children. Most of these children such as Vera, Aoro and Tony are like Akoko. Even Wandia, Aoro s wife, who is not a blood relative of Akoko is described as the most Akoko-like by Elizabeth. Akoko is the source of the admirable character traits that flow in her offspring. She is determined to reclaim her wealth and Owuor Sino s chieftaincy from Otieno and she succeeds through the help of Sirikal . Akoko s determination is evident in Awiti who is said to have developed her grandmother s steely determination. It is also evident in Aoro who in pursuing Wandia says he is Akoko s grandson and therefore does not know the meaning of giving up. As a strong believer in Were and God of the new religion, Akoko s religious nature acts as a foundation to her offspring s religious practice one of who is a bishop Peter , a priest Tony and a non-marrying member of Opus Dei Vera . Akoko is the source of the fight against male domination which is later embraced by her descendants. Her journey to Kisuma is said to have opened up new vistas for her family. Soon after, we see Nyabera breaking from chik and seeking a new way of life in the new religion.
Akoko is the source of the fight against male domination which is later embraced by her descendants. Her journey to Kisuma is said to have opened up new vistas for her family. Soon after, we see Nyabera breaking from chik and seeking a new way of life in the new religion. Awiti, an only girl in the examination class of eleven candidates beats all of them and wins herself a place in a teachers training college from where she graduates successfully in spite of all odds against her. Akoko s fight against unreasonable domination therefore leadsher female offspring to the liberal society in which they find themselves in later years. In a nutshell, Akoko is indeed the source of her lineage that exactly resembles her in terms of deeds and character traits. Akoko s descendants such as Nyabera, Awiti, Peter, Aoro Vera and Tony resemble Akoko in many aspects. 3. As far as marriage is concerned, change is for the best. Write an essay to justify this statement. Refer to Ogola s The River and the Source for your illustrations. 20 marks Most people in our contemporary society fear change. They are not sure whether it will have a negative or positive impact. I will use The River and the Source to justify the fact that the institution of marriage has undergone positive changes over time. Change is witnessed in matters to do with the choice of a husband. In the traditional society, it was the girl s father who decided the man who would marry his daughter. Chief Odero Gogni chose Owuor Kembo after sending away twelve other suitors who had come to seek Akoko s hand in marriage. Akoko had completely no say over the man to marry her and could only watch the proceedings from her mother s hut. This practice changes when Awiti chooses Mark and merely informs Nyabera and Akoko about him. Radical change is witnessed later when Wandia proposes to Aoro when she feels that he is taking long to do so. Traditionally, a boy sent a jawan gyo to inspect the girl he intended to marry in order to find out her antecedents and character; if there were traces of witchcraft, madness, theft, laziness or any other undesirable traits among her relatives. Owuor Kembo s jawan gyo had told him that Akoko had a most beautiful neck With time, young men do not find it necessary to send any spy to inspect the girl.
Radical change is witnessed later when Wandia proposes to Aoro when she feels that he is taking long to do so. Traditionally, a boy sent a jawan gyo to inspect the girl he intended to marry in order to find out her antecedents and character; if there were traces of witchcraft, madness, theft, laziness or any other undesirable traits among her relatives. Owuor Kembo s jawan gyo had told him that Akoko had a most beautiful neck With time, young men do not find it necessary to send any spy to inspect the girl. Apart from the little information Mark and Elizabeth pick from each other during their courtship, they hardly know each other s relatives at the time they decide to get married. All that Mark knows is that Elizabeth s mother is called Maria and her grandmother Akoko. Awiti does not even know the names of Mark s parents. Bride price, previously deemed as a source of wealth at Akoko s time when Owuor Kembo pays thirty head of cattle for her is reduced to a token bull, two cows and six goats at Awiti s time. However, Mark Sigu s relatives take this minimal bride price with misgivings. They had readied twenty-four head of cattle, double the normal amount, and were ready to pay even more. Further change is witnessed when Wandia s mother tells Aoro that the only thing she wants from him is for him to live in peace with her daughter. Tradition dictated that after bride price had been paid, young men from the village of the husband-to-be steal the bride to her husband s home. There was a mock fight between the thieves and the young men of the bride s village. The bride resisted the attempt to be carried away from her parents by letting out one piercing yell after another. All these happen at Akoko s marriage. In place of these traditional practices comes the church wedding. Mark and Elizabeth marry in a simple wedding at Aluor Parish presided by the newly ordained Fr. Peter Owuor Kembo. Likewise Aoro and Wandia wed in church and everybody chips in to make their wedding a resounding success. Initially, one was expected to marry within the tribe.
Peter Owuor Kembo. Likewise Aoro and Wandia wed in church and everybody chips in to make their wedding a resounding success. Initially, one was expected to marry within the tribe. During Awiti s betrothal, Mark s deceptive light complexion made the hosts to wonder if their daughter had decided to marry a ja-mwa , a foreigner as marriage to even a Luhya from across the border was considered a catastrophe. This attitude changes when inter-ethnic marriages take place. Aoro, a Luo young man readily marries Wandia a Kikuyu from Murang a and the marriage works perfectly well. Inter-racial marriage is also evident when Becky, an African marriage John Courtney a Canadian. This marriage would have succeeded had it not been for Becky s promiscuity because John is said to be a very nice man. The polygamous marriage of the traditional society changes to a monogamous relationship. This change begins with Owuor Kembo when he finds love and fulfilment in Akoko that he loses interest in all other women. He sticks to his one wife in spite of immense pressure from his mother and the Jodongo to marry a second wife and at a time when a monogamous man is an unknown animal . With the coming of Christianity, monogamy is cemented as seen in Elizabeth-Mark s marriage as well as that of Wandia and Aoro. These marriages are characterized by love and respect that are missing in Otieno s polygamous marriage for he treats his wives as sluts. To conclude, marriage indeed changes for the better as time progresses. This is in matters to do with choice, bride price, departure of the bride from her parents home, ethnic considerations and the relationship that exists between the husband and the wife. 4. The novel is rich in oral literature devices. Write an essay describing three such devices and indicate how they contribute to The River and the Source. 20 marks Writers use stylistic devices to advance various messages in their texts. Being an African writer, Margaret Ogola borrows from the oral literature of her people in order to effectively write the story of The River and the Source. Proverbs are used mainly in the first two parts of the novel.
20 marks Writers use stylistic devices to advance various messages in their texts. Being an African writer, Margaret Ogola borrows from the oral literature of her people in order to effectively write the story of The River and the Source. Proverbs are used mainly in the first two parts of the novel. Yesterday is not today and today is not tomorrow for each day rises fresh from the hands of Were is used by Akoko when she goes to encourage her daughter Nyabera, who has just lost her two sons to a ferocious attack of measles. This proverb serves to console Nyabera that one day Were will give her a child that will survive. The proverb also reveals Akoko as religious and optimistic. During the negotiation for Akoko s return to her matrimonial home, Aloo K Olima, Akoko s family spokesman, uses the proverb, After all who knows the goodness of a tree but he who sits under its shade and eats its fruit? This proverb is used to convince the audience about a woman s worth to her husband. This is in reference to the successful and fulfilling monogamous marriage between Akoko and Owuor. The proverb therefore highlights thetheme of the importance of love in marriage. The proverb, How can you know where you are going if you do not know where you come from? Is used by Akoko during the reconciliation talks to emphasize the values of the Luo society. It serves to explain her upbringing, her selfpride and respect thus it underlines the society s disapproval of impropriety, self disgrace and disrespect. It summarises the fact that has been brought up well and her past has been free from witchcraft and use of charms and spells Another oral literature device used in the novel is song and chants. While driving cattle into Chief Odero Gogni s homestead for Akoko s bride price, the young men from Sakwa chant their personal praise names, one of them bragging that he is Ochieng Suna, the mosquito who although tiny, when he bites even the great elephant flaps his big ears. Another young man, Oloo Polo claims that he is the sky and that when he rumbles and sends signs and wonders, even the brave tremble. This chant is mainly a source of humour. The young men praise themselves in very comical ways. A happy relaxed atmosphere is also created through the self- praises.
This chant is mainly a source of humour. The young men praise themselves in very comical ways. A happy relaxed atmosphere is also created through the self- praises. In addition, the chant reveals the young men s logical thinking as they are able to link some qualities that they have with the power of some animals or force of nature. The author also uses a song, the dirge that Akoko sings when her beloved husband dies. In the dirge, Akoko recognizes Owuor Kembo as an exemplary man different from what other women have given birth to. She appreciates the friendship that had existed between them which she contrasts with men who live with their wives like cats and dogs, ravens and chicken. She even reveals how her heart was smitten by his nyadhi . This song makes vivid the sombre atmosphere caused by Owuor Kembo s death. It expresses. Akoko s sense of loss of herhusband who was loving. It ridicules men who do not value their lives and by extension encourages harmony in the family. Oral narratives are also used in the novel. On their epic journey to Kisuma, Akoko as an adult takes her role responsibly to inculcate knowledge of the history of the tribe by narrating to the younger generation, Opiyo and Odongo myths and legends of the Luo. She narrates to them the story of Were , the creator of the father of the tribe Ramogi and his wife Nyar Nam who had many children. These offspring settled around the lake tilling land, taming animals and fishing. She goes ahead to mention legendary figures who have risen from Ramogi s children such as the super-human warrior Lwanda Magere, Gor Mahia, the wily one as well as renown women like Lela Kabanda the mighty warrior, Nyamgodho of mighty wealth and many others. This myth educates not only Opiyo and Odongo but also the reader about the origin and culture of the Luo tribe. Legendary figures provide heroes for emulation. All in all, the author s use of proverbs, songs and oral narratives lend the text the rich African culture that it deserves. It is through the use of these oral literature devices that the authentic geographical setting of the text is captured. 5. It requires a strong character to survive in a male-dominated society. Write an essay illustrating the truth of this statement with reference to Akoko in The River and the Source.
It is through the use of these oral literature devices that the authentic geographical setting of the text is captured. 5. It requires a strong character to survive in a male-dominated society. Write an essay illustrating the truth of this statement with reference to Akoko in The River and the Source. 20 marks In a patriarchal society, women have to come out forcefully, upset the old order and liberate themselves from the oppressive forces of men. In order to pioneer this uphill task, one has to have a strong character like that of Akoko in The River and the Source. Akoko is determined, a quality that is noticed in her right from childhood and enables her to make several achievements at that stage. She sits earlier than expected; at four months, cruises around with the help of objects at seven months, walks without support at seven and half months and speaks her first words, dwaro mara , at ten months. On watching her grow, villagers correctly say that she would be a very determined person some day. Indeed this determination is evident throughout her adult life especially in her struggle to get back her husband s property, her hard-earned wealth and Owuor Sino s right to become chief all of which had been grabbed by Otieno. As an overly determined woman in a male dominated society, she travels all the way to Kisuma, a place she has never been to before in order to seek justice from the colonial administration. Akoko s courageous nature also enables her to fit in her patriarchal society. He first words are dwaro mara , want mine, to claim what rightly belongs to her that her older brother Oloo dares to take away. In her relationship with her husband, Akoko wins Owuor Kembo over with her confidence, her ability to make her opinion on any subject known. It is Akoko s boldnessthat enables her to brave Otieno s arrogance and male chauvinism. When Otieno calls her a she wolf and threatens to teach her a lesson for having addressed the villagers about Nyar Asembo s accusation of witchcraft, Akoko looks at him in the face and dares him to try making Otieno to quickly retreat.
In her relationship with her husband, Akoko wins Owuor Kembo over with her confidence, her ability to make her opinion on any subject known. It is Akoko s boldnessthat enables her to brave Otieno s arrogance and male chauvinism. When Otieno calls her a she wolf and threatens to teach her a lesson for having addressed the villagers about Nyar Asembo s accusation of witchcraft, Akoko looks at him in the face and dares him to try making Otieno to quickly retreat. Similarly, when Otieno, whip in hand, threatens to whip, kill and send her back to her village for having reported him to Sirikali , Akoko dares him to a fight, calls him a village fool and her boldness makes Otieno s fear to take the better of him upon which he retreats once again. Akoko is wise. She knows that being not only a woman but also a widow and a sonless mother in this male dominated society, she has no chance against her brother-in-law Otieno when it comes to reclaiming her husband s property, her personal wealth and her grandson of his right to become the chief of Sakwa. She wisely seeks the assistance of the colonial government and succeeds when the DC rules the case in her favour. When she comes back from Kisuma and finds that the plunder of her cattle had reached major proportions , Akoko s first impulse is to confront Otieno but reason soon reasserts itself and she wisely thinks that there is no advantage is knocking one s head against a tree trunk as at best one may chip off a bark but in return get a large bruise on the head. She bids her time, approaches the robbery cautiously and wisely and eventually gets all her property back. Akoko survives male dominance because she is responsible. She takes up her role as a mother seriously and ensures that her children grow up to be hard-working and intelligent. Under her tutelage, Obura learns that the sun should never rise and find a man asleep and Nyaberalearns to be hard-working. Akoko always stands by Nyabera in very difficult times like the death of her children and teaches her how to overcome suffering. Akoko plays the role of both father and mother to her grandchildren Owuor Sino and Awiti.
Under her tutelage, Obura learns that the sun should never rise and find a man asleep and Nyaberalearns to be hard-working. Akoko always stands by Nyabera in very difficult times like the death of her children and teaches her how to overcome suffering. Akoko plays the role of both father and mother to her grandchildren Owuor Sino and Awiti. She looks after Owuor Sino when his father dies and his mother Alando nyar Uyoma abandons him. She looks after Awiti when Nyabera goes to Aluor in search of the new religion. She further ensures that Awiti has fees for school and organizes Awiti s wedding according to chik . Fully aware that there is no one else to protect her family, Akoko assumes a strong sense of responsibility and makes an epic journey to Kisuma to protest against Chief Otieno Kembo s excesses. In summary, Akoko is determined, courageous, wise and responsible. These traits make her a strong character who cannot be put down in the male dominated society she is born and lives. 6. Gender imbalance should not be an impediment to a woman s success. Write an essay in support of this statement, drawing your illustrations from The River and the Source. 20 marks A society in which gender inequality is rampant disadvantages women in almost all aspects of life such as the economy, education and politics. In The River and the Source, we encounter strong-willed women who break the barriers imposed on them and make several achievements. Akoko s assertive nature enables her to overcome male domination right from childhood. Her first words are dwaro mara , want mine, which she screams at her elder brother Oloo whenhe dares to take away what she is playing with. She fights aggressively to survive in a household consisting of nine brothers and she succeeds because she is physically fearless. She also succeeds in winning her father s affection at a time when the Chief s attention should be focused on sons. She is an irresistible and precious child. Later, when Otieno her brother-inlaw robs her of her late husband s property, her hard-earned wealth and her grandson of the chieftaincy, Akoko takes a bold step and makes a journey to Kisuma to seek the intervention of sirikal .
She also succeeds in winning her father s affection at a time when the Chief s attention should be focused on sons. She is an irresistible and precious child. Later, when Otieno her brother-inlaw robs her of her late husband s property, her hard-earned wealth and her grandson of the chieftaincy, Akoko takes a bold step and makes a journey to Kisuma to seek the intervention of sirikal . She succeeds when the DC rule that Otieno should forcibly be removed from the chief s stool and be made to return all he was grabbed from her. Nyabera s fighting spirit enables her to resist tradition and fate that threaten to shutter her life. Having lost her husband and all her children except Awiti, she decides to break from chik which degrades and suppresses sonless widows. When she realizes that she might never have a surviving son with her inheritor, she resolves to seek a new way of life in the new religion. She is said to equal her mother in making ruthless decisions. She embarks on a long journey alone through the bush from Yimbo to Aluor Mission following Pilipo s directions. She succeeds because Christianity gives her, together with Akoko and the children Awiti and Owuor Sino who join her later, spiritual satisfaction and a place to settle and earn a living away from the atrocities of tradition in their male dominated society. Awiti makes a break through in education despite the bias against the girl child at Aluor Mission. In a class of thirty-two that she joins, there is only one other girl who drops out soon after in order to get married. Awiti, motivated by her grandmother s and mother s pioneeringand daring spirit, hangs on as Akoko and Nyabera struggle to raise three shillings levied per year. Awiti is even derided for being bright at this time when education is considered superfluous for girls but she ignores all these, puts all her effort in her studies and succeeds in an extraordinary manner. She becomes top in a class of eleven who sit for the final examination beating all the boys. This wins her a place at the teachers training college from where she graduates successfully. Gender imbalance in the society does not prevent her from being a teacher as well as a proud mother of seven children. At the university, Wandia breaks barriers of gender imbalance.
This wins her a place at the teachers training college from where she graduates successfully. Gender imbalance in the society does not prevent her from being a teacher as well as a proud mother of seven children. At the university, Wandia breaks barriers of gender imbalance. She rejects gender insensitivity by insisting that people be referred to by their names and not their gender when Aoro, taking her for granted, addresses his anatomy study group as hey man . She and Aoro are the first to courageously make ago at the cadaver when the other members of table six are yet to overcome their nervousness. She defeats all in the tough anatomy course beating her main rival Aoro with 78 against his 77 points. She specializes in pathology, pursues her studies and gets a masters and finally a Doctorate in Medicine. As a professor of Medicine and the chairperson of the Department of Pathology at the University of Nairobi, Wandia has all that a modern woman would wish to achieve with an ordinary looking family on her side. In conclusion, women like Akoko, Nyabera, Awiti and Wandia indeed succeed in the face of gender imbalance in the society. Their courage is what sees them through------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7. Drawing examples from the lives of married couples in The River and the Source, write an essay on the importance of commitment to family. 20 marks In our contemporary society, many marriages have broken due to lack of commitment to family. Couples are unable to overcome the challenges that face them and decide to separate or divorce. In The River and the Source, most families survive various setbacks because couples are committed to family ideals. Akoko and Owuor Kembo display a lot of commitment to one another and their three children. The author describes their family as close knit , full of love and respect for each. Owuor Kembo treats his wife as a queen and she never fails him. He refuses to marry a second wife despite pressure to do so by his mother and the council of Jodongo . So concerned about the welfare of Akoko that when her delivery of Owang Sino is harrowing, he finds himself wishing fervently that no more children would come . Akoko on her part lives for and gives her all for the survival of her family.
He refuses to marry a second wife despite pressure to do so by his mother and the council of Jodongo . So concerned about the welfare of Akoko that when her delivery of Owang Sino is harrowing, he finds himself wishing fervently that no more children would come . Akoko on her part lives for and gives her all for the survival of her family. This couple is perturbed when their son Obura expresses a wish to go and see the outside world and when he disappears from home and eventually dies in the first big war:, Akoko and Owuor are heartbroken. They bear the loss only by the mercy of Were . In fact Owuor develops an illness that he ends up succumbing to nine years later. Commitment is also wident in Elizabeth s and Mark s family. Although Mark inadvertently drifts into unfaithfulness during the emergency period, he comes to his senses and resolves to have devoted love of his wife and the affection of all her children . He and Elizabeth are united in bringing up their seven children and are totally committed to their well-being. Mark even studies privately and this enables him to get a promotion and improve the welfare of his family. He takes to an unmanly act of helping his overworked wife around the house. The couple does all it can to make sure that each of their children gets good education. The two are also uncompromising as far as the discipline of their children is concerned. Their commitment bears fruit as most of their children succeed in their education and end up in incrative careers. Vera becomes an electronics expert, Aoro a doctor and Opiyo a manager. Aoro and Wandia are also very committed to family, nuclear and extended. Their professional lives with Aoro as a busy surgeon and Wandia as pathologist and professor does not prevent them from raising four children as well as Becky s two children. Aoro appreciates Wandia s wonderful job with the children as well as her cordial relationship with his mother Elizabeth. On her part, Wandia counts Aoro the best among her blessings. Their commitment to family in spite of their busy schedule becomes a pivotal part of the extended family as Elizabeth and Mark age and sets a good example for other people who aspire to achieve in life. Becky s and John Courtney s marriage reveals what lack of commitment to family can cause.
On her part, Wandia counts Aoro the best among her blessings. Their commitment to family in spite of their busy schedule becomes a pivotal part of the extended family as Elizabeth and Mark age and sets a good example for other people who aspire to achieve in life. Becky s and John Courtney s marriage reveals what lack of commitment to family can cause. Though John is loving, Becky is promiscuous and this leads to divorce when John discovers Becky s affair with other men whenever he is on trips abroad. Although she leaves a lot of wealth for her two children, she leaves them confused and were it not for Wandia and Aoro who adopt them, they would not have made it in life. From the foregoing, it can be concluded that commitment to family is the glue that holds couples together and guarantees success in their children. Those who aspire to raise a good family should therefore borrow a leaf from Akoko and Owuor kembo, Elizabeth and Mark as well as Wandia and Aoro.
Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem.
Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem. Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 .
Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem. Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingprese. Nce. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisdoneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandan. Dlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl .
Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.2ADEFINITIVEGUIDETOINHERITANCETheAuthor DavidKakutaMulwawasbornon9thApril1945intheplainsofMukaainMakueniCounty. Hiswritingwasinfluencedbyhisfather,PastorJohnMulwa,andhisteachersfrom primaryschooltotheuniversity. David Mulwa wentto Machakos Boys High School,then toAllianceHighSchoolforhisA-levels. HejoinedtheUniversityofNairobiwhere he studied Literature instructed byTaban LoLiyong'andOkotP 'Bitek. HeproceededtotheUniversityofCaliforniainLosAngelesunderascholarshipwherehestudiedMastersinArts. Mulwahasalsowrittenotherbooksincluding'Redemption' 1989 ,'MasterandServant' 1979 ,'WeComeinPeace','GlassHouses,' Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.3amongothersbooks. Davidiscurrentlyawriter,lecturer,actorandthedirectorofKenyaPerformingArtsinNairobi. TheSetting ThestoryissetincolonialAfricaintheKutulacolonyundertheBritishrule. Thecolonialmasterslivelavishlyattheexpenseofthepoornativeswhoserveastheirslaves. ThetraditionalrulerofthenativesisKingKutulaXV.ThekingisbentonoverthrowingtheBritishleadershipbyallmeans. Heleadshispeopleinanationaluprisingagainstthewhitesettlersandoutrightlytellsthewhitegovernorthat"...yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie. Everyoneofthem ...GovernorMacayandnoone'llhelpyou...Ihavespoken.". Pg13 . AftertheexitoftheBritish,KutulabecomesarepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooafterthedeathofhis Lacuna's father,KingKutulaXV. LacunaKasoo'sleadershipturnsouttobeworsethantheleadershipof the colonialmasters. It is marred with greed,corruption,incompetenceandassassinations. Hisdictatorialregimetriggersapeacefulcivilrevolutionthatsuccessfullyoverthrowshisleadership. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.4TheTitle Theplay'Inheritance'revolvesaroundaconflictbetweentheAfricannatives and the white settlers overthe inheritance ofland,itsresourcesandleadership. TheBritishinvasioninAfricanismotivatedbythedesiretotapresourcesfrom Africathroughtheircolonialruleundertheguiseofbringingcivilizationinform ofeducation,infrastructure,andhospitalstothe"primitive"Africans. Oncesettled,thecolonialmastersgraduallygrabbedvastareasoflandfrom thenativesforagriculture,miningandsettlementtherebydisplacingandenslavingthenatives. TheBritishEmpiredependedonAfricaforsurvival,hencethedesiretoruleandcontrolAfricawiththeirresources. Thenatives,throughtheirKingKutula,realizetheurgentneedtoinheritwhatthewhitesettlershaverobbedthem. Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingprese. Nce. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisdoneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandan. Dlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl . Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespondtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration....
Wewanttobuildandrunourhomeinourownway. Thislandisourmother. Wewantourchildrentoliveandshareequallywhatshegivesus...allthatyoutakefrom her.". P.12 .A countrywideuprising beginsand theWhiteman'sruleends. KingKutulaXVinheritstheleadershipfromtheBritishmasters. KingKutula'sleadershipislaterinheritedbyhisson,LacunaKasoo. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.5Lacunaismanipulatedanddeceivedbytheimperialiststokillhisownfather. GoldsteinisawareofLacuna'sinsatiablegreed. Hepromisestogroom LacunatoleadershipaslongasKingKutulaisoutoftheway. HisintentionistogetLacuna,whoiseasytocontrol,Prologue TheprologueopensinGovernorThorneMacay'smansion,whichisdescribedaslavishandonethatrentstheairofpowerandauthority. The Governoris seemingly angry atthe natives'ineptitude andincompetenceandfeelsdisempoweredbytheabolitionofthewhipasthenativeshavenowdownedtheirtools. TheGovernor'sattendanthaskeptBishopMenninger, brainoftheempire PrincessSangoi,andKingKutula,whohavecometoseethegovernor,waitingforanhourbecausethelatterisonatea-break,andwhenaskedwhyhekeepstheguestsforthatlongreplies,.yourordersis:Donotdisturbhisexcellenttea-timeandmeditetioninghour..." p.3-4 . Thenativeshaveriotedagainstthewhitesettlers,destroyedtheirproperty,molestedthewomenandchildrenandhavebreachedtheagreementandtrustmadeearlier asituationthatcouldleadtoalongbloodywar...!". P.8 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.6 BishopMenningerhasdocumentedadvicefortheGovernor. Hepointsoutinthedocumentthatnativeswouldneverchangefrom theirconfused simple nature and thatthey would neverbe like thesophisticatedandcivilizedwhitesbutwouldonlyremainascopycats. Healsopointsouttothegovernorthattheimperialistswouldhavetocontinuetoruleandlaybasicrulesforthenativessinceleftontheirown;theywouldoffernothingofsignificance. KingKutula'sentrytothegovernor'smansionisusheredinbyanattendantwhoregardshimwithaweandreverence. Headdressesthekingas"Thesonoftheking from thestarsandtheheaven, pg6 GovernorThorneMacayhasneverunderstoodthe'infernalallegiance thatnativeshavetheirleadersbutMenningerisborn from theirinabilitytoreasonandthink. Heseesthem ascommonanimalswaybelowthewhiteswhomhetermsasdemocraticandcivilized. Governor thorne has summoned the king to register hisdisappointmentaboutkingKutula ssilenceontheescalatingviolenceinhiskingdom resultingfrom thenationwideupraisingbythenativesagainstthewhiteleaders. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.7 King Kutula dismisses Thorne s concerns by quoting an AfricanproverbtomocktheGovernor. Hesays Thechameleontoldthehare:makeyourstepImakemine;itisgoodcompany friend. Pg8 ThorneisoffendedandthreatenstoimprisonthekingforlifebeforeMenningerremindshim thatheistalkingtotheking. HeasksThorneto askdirectquestionsand avoid thelong winged proverbsandproverbialdrivelswhenthekingbeginstobombardthegovernorwithmanymoreproverbsandsayings. ThorneisthenshockedwhenKutulaadmitshisknowledgeofthecountrywideuprising and hissupportoftheviolenceagainstthegovernor speopledespitetheirgoodwilltobringcivilizationtothenatives. Hesays, Icannotshutthevoicesofmyfather pg10 ThegovernorisshockedbythesuddenchangeofattitudewhenKutulabluntlytellshimthat wedonotwantyouhere! Pg10 Kutularegretswhyhisfathersassentedtotheimperialistdraftedagreementthathadallowedthecolonialisttosubjecthispeopleto Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.8devastatingeffectsoftheiroppressiverulesandexcessivezeal. Kutulathreatensthegovernorthathispeoplewillcontinuetodieifhewon tletthenativesbuildandruntheirhome. He,however,hasnoobjectiontothewhitemanteachingthenativeshiswasbutwithmoderation. Sangoijoinstheleaderandexpressesherwillingnesstogoabroadandpursuethewhiteman'seducation. GovernorThorne'sfearoverKingKutula'seffortstogroomhisadopteddaughteristhatshewillbeanempoweredmatriarchandalionesstocontendwithinthefuture. MenningerisquicktoconsoleThornethatSangoi'seducationwouldonlyconfuseher. TheBishop'splanistounleashSangoiagainsthersimplefolkuponthecompletionofhereducationfortheirbenefit. Tasks1.WhatdoesThornemeanbythestatement,"Africasupports,naymaintains,theempire" pg.4 ? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.92."Make hera slave...again...Revisithistory,Menninger...revisit..." pg.5 . What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingpresence. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisd. Oneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemiseriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandandlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl . Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespo. NdtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration.... Look, around thirtyuniversities with ultra-modern equipmentcomputer....miningCompany RobertandLacunafalloutbecausetheformerisquicktocriticizeLacuna'sleadership. PlanetWorldFinanciersLimitedhadextendedaloanofthirtybilliontosalvageKutula'seconomy. LacunagetsarrogantwhenGoldsteindemandsanaccountofhow themoneywasspentbecausehehasnoanyrecordofexpenditure. HethreatenstoleavetheofficeandtofreezeLacuna'saccountsabroad. Lacunatonesdownandadmitstohaveembezzledthefunds;heboughthimselfasleekaircraftandhasbankedthirtypercentofthemoneyinforeignaccounts. Healsodisclosesthatheshares Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.30themoneywithotherleadersfortheirpersonalbenefits. Lacunacannotaccountfortherestofthemoney. Yetheclaimstobegivingthenativesfreemedicalservices,education,food,etc. GoldsteinisnowseatedonthethroneandtakesadvantageofanintimidatedLacuna'signorance,mismanagementoffundsandpoorgovernancetosethimintobiggerloans. Lacunanowwantsanotherbiggerloantoboostthe economyandreclaim hispopularityamongthepeopleyethasnowayofpayingtheloanbacksincethe"...exports,silver,runningataloss..." pg.75 andfanninghasdismalreturns. Todate,KutulahasaloanadvancementofninetyeightbillionexclusiveofinterestandLacunaandhisministersoweRobertandGoldsteinahundredandtwentytwobillionwhichshouldbepaidwithinamonth. However,thedebtwillbepaidbyLacuna'ssubjects. Lacunaisgivenconditionsuponthenewloanextendedtohim byGoldstein. Heistoensuremoneyispaidforjobsdoneandnotofficesandpositionsandtoavoidnepotism. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.31 Heisalsotoremovecontrolsonpricesespeciallyfortheforeignexchange. Heshouldincreasetheproductionofsilverandcoffeeforexport. Lacunaisalsotocutdownonemploymentandensurelongerhoursforworkers. Concerningagriculture,heistoevacuatetheoccupantsofthevalleytopavewayfortheirrigationproject. Tasks1.Stateinstancesofsarcasmanddiscusstheirsignificance.2.Howeffectivelydoesthewriterportraygreedinthisscene?3.ContrastthecharactersofRobertandGoldsteinasportrayedinthescene.4.ExplainthemotivesofbothGoldsteinandLacunathatleadtoKingKutula'sassassination.5."Andweletyourunit. Didn'tinterfere" pg.70 ,ExplainthisstatementasmadebyGoldstein.6.OutlinetheconditionsthatGoldsteinandRobertimposedonLacuna. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.327.DemonstrateinwhatwaybusinessbetweentheWestandKutulahas"nohumanface". Pg.82 .8."Themotherbefriended theweaverbird" pg.82 .WhatdidLacuna'sfathermeanbythisstatement?9.Inyouropinion,howdoestheWhitemanstandtobenefitfrom theconditionsheimposesbeforeadvancingaloantoLacuna?Commentary Thereareanumberofinstancesofsarcasm inthescene. Goldsteincommentsaboutthenative'sobsessionwithcelebrations"...Youpeoplecelebrateeverythingevenwhenthesunshrivels..." pg59 . Robertsarcasticallysays,"Oh!I'dlovetosee...thedeadandthelivingsharing!". P.59 . Goldstein flatters Lacuna's leadership with sarcasm when hecompareshisregimetothatofhislatefather,KingKutula. Hetakesadvantageofhisgreedanduseshim toachievehisagendaasthequeen'srepresentative."... Itwastime to bring Kutula backtodignity and high civilization...ourpeople found a man ...yourExcellency...amanofaction...you.". P.68 . TheauthorsatirizesLacunawhenheblameshislatefatherforhavinglefthimadisastrousleadershipforinheritance. Heblames Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.33Kutula'saversenaturetoeconomicdevelopmentandhisstrangeobsessionwithmultiplicationofmosquesandchurcheswhichleaves the economy in shambles yethe Lacuna has notsustained,andinsomecases,notstartedanyoftheeconomicprojectsforwhichhehasbeenadvancedbillionsofshillingsasloansforfunding. Lacunaiscastfoolishlyasaleaderwhocanneitheraccountfortheexpenditureoftheloan,whichheembezzledwithhiscronies,northeprojectsathand. Itisalsoironicalhow LacunaclaimsthatKutulaisasovereignstateyethehasbroughtitseconomytoitsknees;itisheavilyindebt. Goldsteintellshim "...Asovereignstatewithoutauthorityandmoneyislowerthanaslave..." p.74 . Lacunaandhisleadersdemonstrateinsatiablegreed. Theygrabeveryavailablechancetostealfrom thestate. Lacunaandhiscroniesembezzlebillionsofshillingsadvancedasloansleavingwhiteelephantprojectsandindustriesthathavesuffereddiremismanagement. Lacunausespartoftheloanstobuyhimselfanaircraftandheabdicatesthemanagementofthemoneytohiscronieswhoshareitravenously. Hedemandsforcertainpercentagesfor Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.34personalusefrom everyloanadvanced .Goldsteindescribesthesecroniesas".agreedybunchofincompetentswhocan'tseeadimewithoutgettinglibidinousconvulsionsdowntheirmidriff?". Pg76 . Racism isevidentthroughRobertwhonotonlyunderminesthenativesbutisalsosickenedbytheirwayoflife. Hecannotstandtheir customs and their nauseating suffocating loyalty of"...crawlingonthefloor...fawning...mothering..." p.60 . InternationalbusinesspracticebetweenKutulaandimperialists,whichhasnohumanface,isputtingpressureonbothLacunaandthecitizensandworkingtothedetrimentofthewelfareofKutula. Residentshavetobeevacuatedfromtheirhomestopavewayforagriculture,salaries have to be slashed,people have to beretrenchedandmoreincomehastobegeneratedattheexpenseofthepeople. LacunakillshisownfathertotakeoverleadershipinKutula. Itisanactofbetrayal,assassinationandgreed. Heclaimsthathisfatherrandownthecountryandneededtopayupwithhislife. ItisbecauseofgreedthatLacunafallspreytoGoldstein'smissionof eliminating his father.
What is your understanding of thisstatement?3.Inwhatwaysdothenativesexhibit'infernalallegiance'totheirleaders?4.Identifytheproverbsintheprologueandtheirrelevance.5.Menningeradmitstouseof"excessivezeal. "Howhavethenativesreactedtoit?6."Thekingisdangerous. LiketheQueenbee..."Demonstratethetruthofthisstatement.7.Commentontheconflictthatarisesintheprologue.8.WhatdoesThornemeanwhenhesays"TurmoilinAfricameansagreatlosstotheempire" pg.4 ? 9.Outline the reasons King Kutula gives forwanting theimperialiststoleaveKutula.10.Pointoutatinstances in the prologue thatrevealThorneMacay'sattitudetowardsthenatives.11.Whatistheprologueallabout? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.10Commentary TheprologuecaptureslifeinKutuladuringthecolonialeraundertheauthoritarianandoppressiveleadershipofthecolonialists. MulwaportraysthecolonyofKutulaasoneundertheharshruleofGovernorThornewhoisapparentlyangrywiththecolonialofficethathasabolishedwhippingthenatives. HeisdispleasedwiththecolonialofficerinLondonforhisadvocacyonsimulatedhumanitarianism fordeclaringthewhipasobsolete. Hesays,"ThefooldrinkingcoffeeinLondonwhileImollycoddlenatives.theydowntheirtoolsandnothinggetsdone.". Page3 TheGovernormistreatsandabusesthenativeblackservantandcallstheattendant,a"ditheryidiot"andregardshim asimpudentandthencompareshim tocommonanimals. Hisleadershipisexcessivelyzealousandhumiliating. A conflicthasensued between theAfricansand theirwhitemastersoverland,leadershipandresources. TheWhitemanhasbeenrobbingtheAfricansoftheirvaluablesandexportingthem Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.11tohismotherland. KingKutulaXVtakesdispleasureintheapparentinheritanceandinsiststhatnativesmustsharewhatcomesfrom theirland. Itisclearthatincaseofarevolution,theBritishEmpirestandstolosein the eventthatthe natives take overgovernance. This isbecause"Africasupportstheempire..." p.4 . Interracialconflictandrevolutionisdemonstratedbythereprisalandescalatingviolencebetweenthenativesandwhitesettlers. ThenativesdestroytheWhite'spropertyandmolesttheirchildrenandwomen. Theauthorbringsouttheconflictofattitudewherethewhitesettlersconsider themselvescivilized, democraticandmodernized. Theyalsoclaim tohavebroughtchangethrougheducation,hospitals,roads,churches,employment to theprimitive,ignorantandungratefulnatives. However,Kutulainsiststhatjustasabeetlecarriesitshouseonits back whetherstinking ornot,the natives willgovernthemselvesdespitetheirignoranceandinability. Pg11 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.12 Ironyisemployedintheprologue. GovernorThorneregardsthenatives'customsasprimitive. Menningerseesthem aslackingoriginalityandcommonreasonyettheycanhardlycomprehendthewisdominthe'longwindedproverbs'ofthenatives. Theyalsodependonthenatives'republictosustaintheirempire. ItisironicalthattheBritishclaim tohavebroughtcivilizationtothenativesthroughschoolsyettheirmainmotiveistorobthesamenativesoftheirvaluables. TheyfearKingKutulaandregardhimas"aningenious rascal" p.15 .andadangerousman. 'Thiskingisdangerouslikethequeenbee,hesanctionsthestingandthetoilingworkersindiscriminatelydescenduponourpeople TheuseofproverbsisastylethatportraysKingKutula asassertive,independentmindedandingeniousdespitethewhiteman'scontrolandmanipulation. Heisalsocalm andcollected. Theauthortreatsthereadertodetaileddescriptionaboutthecharactersandsetting. Menningeris"...middleaged,powerfullybuiltman ...An airofkeen intelligence and extreme selfimportanceabouthim... page4 .KingKutulaisdescribedasatall,leanandathleticmaninhislatefiftiesamostself-assuredrulerwithanunnervingpresence. P.7 . GovernorThorneisportrayedasanabusiveleader. Heinsultsthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.13attendantasa'ditheringidiot'impliesthatheisimprudent,referstothecolonialofficeroverseesas'Thefool'. Heisalsoshorttempered;hehandlestheattendantroughlyandisimpatientwithhim, don tgecko-gawkatme!"HeaddressesKingKutulawi01insultsthus"Damnall,KingKutula". Page8 . Thegovernorisoppressive,authoritarianandselfish. Hefeelsdisadvantagedafterthewhipisabolishedbecauseheusesitforhisownconvenience. HeisdishonestandpretendstosupportSangoi'seducationyethewantstouseitagainstthenativesandbenefitfromdividingthemasadvisedbyBishopMenninger. KingKutulaXVisfirm andassertive. HetellsThornethatheissilentabouttheuprisingandthat"yourpeoplewillcontinuetodie.". Pg.13 .Hewillnotbow toimperialism. TheKingiswise. Hequotesmanyproverbsandnarrativesappropriatelytopassimportantmessages. King Kutula is calm and collected,and responds with admirablecalmnesstoGovernorThorne'soutburstsofanger. Heisaconfidentmanwhoisunafraidofthewhiteman'sthreats. "DoyouknowIcanclapyouinforlife?"Heresponds,'.eldersdon'tbandyinsults.". P.8 Menningerissanctimoniousdespitebeingamanofthecloth. Hepropagatesoppression,imperialism,deceitandopportunism totheimperialmajestythrough hisadvice and counsel. He completely Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.14disregardsthevirtuousandgoodnewsmessagethathisreligionpreaches. Heseesnativesasrabbleswithoutunderstandingandcivilization. HeintendstomisguideSangoisothattheWesterneducationmakeshera"...goddessofconfusionandusehertomanipulatethenatives..." p.15 . AttendantIlisextremelyloyaltotheKing. Heispatientandforebearing and isableto workunderThorne. Sangoiisambitious,obedient,trustingandloyalSheobeysandtrustsherfatherwithwhomshespendsalotoftimewith. MovementOneSummaryLeadershipInheritance Kutula,thirtyyearslater,isanindependentRepublicundertheleadershipofLacunaKasooyetthestandardsoflivingarepoor. TaminaZenMeloisemaciatedandolderthanheragewithnoproperhousingandfood. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.15 Bengo,apoliticalactivistwhohasjustarrivedfrom jailinthecapital,istreatedtoacoldwelcomebyTaminawhostillholdstoage-oldbitterness. TaminaexplainstoBengothatthewatertheyusedtogetfromthenearbyspringsandbrookshasbeendivertedbyCouncilorChipandeto BukelengeMountainsfifteenkilometersawaytomakeadam despiteReverendSangoi'sprotests. Infact,aninaugurationforthedamisdoneandreceivesmuchpraise. ThenativeshavebeendeniedlicensestogrowcoffeeandtheirlandstakenbyChipandeaftertheWhitemanleftmakingthemslavesintheirownfarms. Taminasays"Mycoffeefarm inBukelengeMountains?Allgone. Now ImustpickcoffeeforChipandeonthefarmthathehadmeselltohimforpeanuts.". P.24 . Tamina is bitterwith Bengo because ofhis indulgence inoppositionpoliticsthatledtotheneardeathofherhusband,JudahZenMelo,whowasLacuna'sspokespersonandpartyman,afterhisrefusaltokillhisbrotherwhowas"Lacuna'sthorninhispoliticalside.". P.23 . ThisearnsJudahunemploymentandheisexiled. Taminalosteverythingincludingthegoodlifesheoncelived. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.16 Bengo,whoispopularandwouldhavewontheelectionswithalandslide,istakentojailtopavewayforChipande,Lacuna'scrony. Luluarriveshomefrom schoolearlierthanusualtocollectthetwothousandshillingfeesbalancefortheconstructionofaperimeterfenceandthecomputerlaboratorydespitepayingonethousandthepreviousday. Taminacomplainsofherlackofbasicslikefoodandwaterandwondersaboutthe essenceofeducation. Lulu isbitterandsomewhatinsolentanddisrespectfultohermother. Luluisfrustratedbyhermother'shelplessnessandpovertyandthreatensher,"lwillusemybeautythen!Imustcompleteschoolandbesomebody...inanyway pg31 UnlikehermotherLuluwantstobefreefrompovertyandoppression. JudaharrivesfromthetownofPatolaandiswarmlywelcomedbyhiswife. Hesaysjobswerenotforthcomingandthepaywaslow. Besides,youneededyourowntribesmantogetajob. Hesacrificeshismoralsforemploymentbecause,religiondoesn'tsitwellonanemptystomach..." p.36 .HethereforebeginsdrinkingandbribesMithambowithbeertogetajobasaMachineOperator. Heworksforlonghoursandcompetitionis Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.17stiff. Meanwhile,theirsonsarealsointownslookingforjobs. BeforeJudahcanrest,heleavesto"sayhellotothecrowdandescortthe sunset" pg.38 butleaves Tamina eighthundredshillingsbesidestheassortmentofgroceriesthathehasbroughthome. Luluisbackandapologeticfordisrespectinghermother. Shelearnsofherfather'sreturnwithexcitement. Sangoihas been appointed a ministerin the Ministry ofReclamation and Remedies byLacuna againstherwill. SheacceptsthepostforfearthatLacunamightassassinatehernowthatduringhiscoronation,peoplepreferredSangoiforLacunatobetheirleaderafterKingKutula'sdeath. Thegovernmentplanstoevacuatepeoplefrom thevalleyandSangoihopes thatLacuna would change his mind overtheevacuation before Kutula's much publicized commemorationceremony. Tamina is against Lulu's attendance of the king Kutulacommemorationceremony,despiteherkeyroleasaleaddancerintheschool'sdancetroupeinvitedbyLacunahimself. ItisonlythroughSangoi'sinterventionthatTaminapermitsLulutoattendwhatshecalls"apaganritual" pg.43 onconditionthat Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.18shewouldrunbackhomeafterthefestival. SangoipromisestowatchoverLuluandevenpayherschoolfeesbalance. Meloreturnshomedrunk. Hesaysheruleshisfamilywithloveand not machines and police guards like Lacuna. JudahcelebrateshisfamilyandreferstoTaminaasbeautyqueen...sobeautiful..."andLuluas"Girl,you'reablackqueenand...ori...hic...ginal!". Pg.48 andchallengesLulutoworkhardandachieveherdreamsofbecomingadoctorandthenhegoestobed. Luluistotallyuninspiredbyherparents'marriage. Shesays,"Ifthisiswhatitmeanstobeaparent,Iwon'tfollowtheirfootstepstobecrownedqueenofrags". Pg.51 .Tasksl. Outlinethecounter-productivityofChipande'sdamproject.2.WhyisTaminastillbitterwithBengo?3.InwhatwaysisBengo"...athorninLacuna'spoliticalside"?4.State the challenges thatparents like Tamina with school-goingchildrenmustundergo.5.How does Judah Zen Melo's absence contribute to Tamina'schallenges? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.196."Idon'twantthislife!Idon't!Idon't!". Pg.31 .WhatexactlydoesLulumeanbythisstatement?7.DescribehowZenMelogetshisjobasamachineoperator.8.WhatcharacterofLuludemonstratesherunderstandingofhergoalsinlife?9.Givethreeillustrationsofincidencesofdisillusionmentinthisepisode. Commentary Itisironicalthatmuchasthenativesexpectedbetterlivesafterindependence,theworstishappeningtothem inform ofneocolonialism. Lacunaismoregreedy,corruptanddictatorialthanhispredecessors. Thenativesarebitter. Tamina'sbitternessisbornofthemis. Eriesshehasbeenthrough,broughtbyKutula'spoorleadershipmarredbygreedanddictatorship. SheisbitterwithBengowhoseroleasanactivistplungedherfamilyinmisery. Herhusbandisexiled,hersonsareawayinsearchofjobsandherdaughterisinandoutofschoolduetolackofschoolfees. Thenativesarelivinginfear. Thereisfearofbeingassassinatedincaseonefallsoutwiththeleader. BengoisnearlykilledforfightingLacuna'sleadership. JudahZenMelogoesintoself-exile Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.20forfearofbeingkilledoutofdisobeyingLacuna. Taminasays,"YoumustsitontherightsideofLeaderLacuna...ifyouaretolive.". Pg.21 SangoitakesuptheappointmentasaministerforfearofbeingkilledbyLacuna. Lacuna thrives on nepotism. He rewards sycophants andclansmenleavingmostqualifiedcitizensunemployed. Thosethatareemployedarepoorlypaidandovertaxed. Zensays,"...itpaystoknowtheleader'stribesmen" pg.34 . Inaflashback,TaminarevealstothereaderreasonsbehindBengo'simprisonmentandJudah'sexile. ItturnsoutthatKutularequiresJudahtokillhisbrother,BengoforbeingathorninLacuna'spoliticalside. WhenJudahZenMelodisobeys,heisalmostkilledashismangledbodyisfounddampedoutsidetheirhouseandDr. Jonathansaveshim. LaterBengoisimprisoned. TaminareferstoLacunaandhiscroniesasanoctopusthatimpliesthestrongpowerandtheabilitytostretchout,toreachandcontrolanyoneandanythingtheywishtoget. PovertyanddespondencyareportrayedintheMovement. Taminastilllivesinheroldgrass-thatchedhut. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.21 Shewakesupbeforecock-crow topickcoffeebeansfarfromhome. Shehastowalkfifteenkilometerstofetchwaterfrom BukelengeMountains. HasonlytwoacresoflandleftafterChipandebuysherlandforpeanutstostarthismonopolyofgrowingcoffee. Luluissenthomeforschoolfeesbalanceoftwothousandshillings. Taminahasnomoney. Theleadershavetoldthepeoplethatthereare"nofreethings"andtheyshould tightenyourbelts.". Pg.27 . Misrule and greed are seen through the leaders. Lacunademandsunyieldingloyaltyfromhissubjects. Hewantshisspokesman,JudahZenMelo,tokillhisownbrother,Bengo,whoistheleader'sthornintheflesh. JudahisalmostkilledfordisobeyingLacuna. Bengoisjailedformanyyears. LacunaispreoccupiedwithhelpinghisclansmenandhaslittleregardforKutulacitizens. Childrenaresentawayforschoolfeesfortheschooltoerecta Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.22perimeterfence,constructacomputerlaboratoryandpayfortheteachers'extraworkwhenresidentslackwaterandbasicneeds. JudahMeloisvirtuousandamanofintegrity. Herefusestokillhisbrother,Bengoeventhough'thegestureswon'tbeinvain' pg.23 .ThusLacunapromisestorewardhim ifhekillsthebrotherbutZenrefusestoobey. Heisaschemerforthesakeofsurvival. Hedoesn'tcallhisfamilyafterhisself-exilebutinsteadinvestsinbribingMithambowithdrinkstohirehim asamachineoperatorandhegetsit,getsadoublepayandcanaffordtoprovideforhisfamily. Judahisanescapist. He,"deliberatelyshutshisinnerearfromhearing" pg.33 thewife'spain. Hefailstocallorwritetotellhisfamilyabouthiswhereabout. Hedoesn'twanttokillwhatisleftintheirsinkinghearts. Bengoispatriotic. Hefightsthegovernment'sdictatorialrulethatoppressesthecitizens. Heisjailedforyearsandnowthatheisback,hevowsto"takeupthefightwhereIleftoff.". Pg.22 .Heisoptimisticinthatafterbeingjailedforyears,hereturnsreadytocontinuethefighthopingtoliberatethepeople. Bengoisrealisticbecauseheadmitstohavingbroughttroubletohisfamilyalbeitwiththerightmotives. HegivesTaminasome Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.23money. HeisbraveenoughtoopposeaLacunagovernmentandisalmostkilledforthesame. Taminaisresilient. Shestickstoherfamilyandfendsforherchildrendespitethedisappearanceofherhusbandandlossofproperty. Sheworksfrom beforecock-crowtolateevening. Shefetcheswater15kilometersaway. Sheisassertive. SheoutrightlytellsBengooffforhisroleinscatteringherfamily. ShecriticizesKingKutula'scommemorationceremonyandthe"invitationofherdaughtertotheceremonythatshetermsasa paganfestival.". Pg.42 . Lacunaisdictatorial. Herulesbyanironfist. HedemandsthatJudahkillshisbrotherBengo,"rubmypainingsidewiththeredbalm ofloyalty" pg.23 .Heismurderous. HeordersthekillingofBengotwiceandfortunatelyforthelatter,hecheatsdeath. Beingapoormanager,heinauguratesthedam leadingtothedryingofstreamsandbrooks. Chipande'sgreedisevidentthroughhisrequesttoLacunatogivehim thesolemandatetoplantcoffee. Healsobuyslandfrompeople atvery low prices and he is largely selfish as hemisadvisesthegovernmentforhisselfishgains. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.24MovementTwoSceneOneSummaryKutula'sCommemorationCeremony ThesceneissetatKutulaPeoples'Park. ThestageissetforthecelebrationofaNationalCommemorationDayandalltheleaders,delegates,bosom friendsofKutulaRepublicandothercitizensaregatheredatthepark. MissGerima,theteacherishelpingthedancerswiththefinaltouchesofrehearsalsbeforetheritualbegins. Lacuna steps forward to the royalgrave to perform thecommemorationritual. ApitcherwithwaterishandedtoLuluwhowashesLacuna'shands. LacunathenpourswateratthefootofthegraveandthenLuluputsthecrownonhishead,giveshimthemandatetoleadanddeclaresthedaytobeanationalrestday. MelissacommentsthatthecrowndoesnotfitLacuna'sheadandSangoiisquicktosayit'stimeLacunaputthecrownasideashedoesn'tfitthemandate. Aftertheceremony,LacunainvitesSangoiandtheschool Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.25childrentoabanquetinhispalace. HeistodiscusswithSangoimattersofevacuationofthepeople,topavewayfortheirrigationproject,althoughheisawarethatsheisagainsttheproposal. LacunathenleadshisguestsinthebanquetandistolatershareamealwithLuluathisprivatechambersasrequiredbythecustom. Tasksl . Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespondtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration.... Look, around thirtyuniversities with ultra-modern equipmentcomputer....miningCompany RobertandLacunafalloutbecausetheformerisquicktocriticizeLacuna'sleadership. PlanetWorldFinanciersLimitedhadextendedaloanofthirtybilliontosalvageKutula'seconomy. LacunagetsarrogantwhenGoldsteindemandsanaccountofhow themoneywasspentbecausehehasnoanyrecordofexpenditure. HethreatenstoleavetheofficeandtofreezeLacuna'saccountsabroad. Lacunatonesdownandadmitstohaveembezzledthefunds;heboughthimselfasleekaircraftandhasbankedthirtypercentofthemoneyinforeignaccounts. Healsodisclosesthatheshares Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.30themoneywithotherleadersfortheirpersonalbenefits. Lacunacannotaccountfortherestofthemoney. Yetheclaimstobegivingthenativesfreemedicalservices,education,food,etc. GoldsteinisnowseatedonthethroneandtakesadvantageofanintimidatedLacuna'signorance,mismanagementoffundsandpoorgovernancetosethimintobiggerloans. Lacunanowwantsanotherbiggerloantoboostthe economyandreclai. M hispopularityamongthepeopleyethasnowayofpayingtheloanbacksincethe"...exports,silver,runningataloss..." pg.75 andfanninghasdismalreturns. Todate,KutulahasaloanadvancementofninetyeightbillionexclusiveofinterestandLacunaandhisministersoweRobertandGoldsteinahundredandtwentytwobillionwhichshouldbepaidwithinamonth. However,thedebtwillbepaidbyLacuna'ssubjects. Lacunaisgivenconditionsuponthenewloanextendedtohim byGoldstein. Heistoensuremoneyispaidforjobsdoneandnotofficesandpositionsandtoavoidnepotism. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.31 Heisalsotoremovecontrolsonpricesespeciallyfortheforeignexchange. Heshouldincreasetheproductionofsilverandcoffeeforexport. Lacunaisalsotocutdownonemploymentandensurelongerhoursforworkers. Concerningagriculture,heistoevacuatetheoccupantsofthevalleytopavewayfortheirrigationproject. Tasks1.Stateinstancesofsarcasmanddiscusstheirsignificance.2.Howeffectivelydoesthewriterportraygreedinthisscene?3.ContrastthecharactersofRobertandGoldsteinasportrayedinthescene.4.ExplainthemotivesofbothGoldsteinandLacunathatleadtoKingKutula'sassassination.5."Andweletyourunit. Didn'tinterfere" pg.70 ,ExplainthisstatementasmadebyGoldstein.6.OutlinetheconditionsthatGoldsteinandRobertimposedonLacuna. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.327.DemonstrateinwhatwaybusinessbetweentheWestandKutulahas"nohumanface". Pg.82 .8."Themotherbefriended theweaverbird" pg.82 .WhatdidLacuna'sfathermeanbythisstatement?9.Inyouropinion,howdoestheWhitemanstandtobenefitfrom theconditionsheimposesbeforeadvancingaloantoLacuna?Commentary Thereareanumberofinstancesofsarcasm inthescene. Goldsteincommentsaboutthenative'sobsessionwithcelebrations"...Youpeoplecelebrateeverythingevenwhenthesunshrivels..." pg59 . Robertsarcasticallysays,"Oh!I'dlovetosee...thedeadandthelivingsharing!". P.59 . Goldstein flatters Lacuna's leadership with sarcasm when hecompareshisregimetothatofhislatefather,KingKutula. Hetakesadvantageofhisgreedanduseshim toachievehisagendaasthequeen'srepresentative."... Itwastime to bring Kutula backtodignity and high civilization...ourpeople found a man ...yourExcellency...amanofaction...you.". P.68 . TheauthorsatirizesLacunawhenheblameshislatefatherforhavinglefthimadisastrousleadershipforinheritance. Heblames Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.33Kutula'saversenaturetoeconomicdevelopmentandhisstrangeobsessionwithmultiplicationofmosquesandchurcheswhichleaves the economy in shambles yethe Lacuna has notsustained,andinsomecases,notstartedanyoftheeconomicprojectsforwhichhehasbeenadvancedbillionsofshillingsasloansforfunding. Lacunaiscastfoolishlyasaleaderwhocanneitheraccountfortheexpenditureoftheloan,whichheembezzledwithhiscronies,northeprojectsathand. Itisalsoironicalhow LacunaclaimsthatKutulaisasovereignstateyethehasbroughtitseconomytoitsknees;itisheavilyindebt. Goldsteintellshim "...Asovereignstatewithoutauthorityandmoneyislowerthanaslave..." p.74 . Lacunaandhisleadersdemonstrateinsatiablegreed. Theygrabeveryavailablechancetostealfrom thestate. Lacunaandhiscroniesembezzlebillionsofshillingsadvancedasloansleavingwhiteelephantprojectsandindustriesthathavesuffereddiremismanagement. Lacunausespartoftheloanstobuyhimselfanaircraftandheabdicatesthemanagementofthemoneytohiscronieswhoshareitravenously. Hedemandsforcertainpercentagesfor Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.34personalusefrom everyloanadvanced .Goldsteindescribesthesecroniesas".agreedybunchofincompetentswhocan'tseeadimewithoutgettinglibidinousconvulsionsdowntheirmidriff?". Pg76 . Racism isevidentthroughRobertwhonotonlyunderminesthenativesbutisalsosickenedbytheirwayoflife. Hecannotstandtheir customs and their nauseating suffocating loyalty of"...crawlingonthefloor...fawning...mothering..." p.60 . InternationalbusinesspracticebetweenKutulaandimperialists,whichhasnohumanface,isputtingpressureonbothLacunaandthecitizensandworkingtothedetrimentofthewelfareofKutula. Residentshavetobeevacuatedfromtheirhomestopavewayforagriculture,salaries have to be slashed,people have to beretrenchedandmoreincomehastobegeneratedattheexpenseofthepeople. LacunakillshisownfathertotakeoverleadershipinKutula. Itisanactofbetrayal,assassinationandgreed. Heclaimsthathisfatherrandownthecountryandneededtopayupwithhislife. ItisbecauseofgreedthatLacunafallspreytoGoldstein'smissionof eliminating his father. Embezzlement, corruption andmismanagementoftheeconomybyLacunaandhisallieshaverundownthecountrytoshambles. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.35 LeaderLacunaisnepotisticand irresponsible. Hekeepsnorecord ofthe borrowed monies spenton projects. He hasemployed politicalfriendsand clansmen with whom he hassquanderedmoneythatisborrowedandhasrundownmanyaproject. Themachinesarerotten,farminghasfailedyethehasstashedhugeamountsofmoneyinhisforeignaccountsandboughtapersonalaircraftwiththeloan,tostayabovethepeople. ItisironicalthatLacunaregardsKutulaasasovereignstateyetitisbrokeandbeggingforaid. Hismisrulehasmadethestatesinklowerthanthestatusofaslave. Thescenehasnumerousproverbs. LacunaquestionsRobert,"How isafathertobeifvisitorscometoadvisethechildrenabouttheirtoys?". Pg.81 .Thisimplies Lacuna 's discontentmentwith the interference in Kutula 'sforeignmattersbytheWhiteman. ThedeathofKingKutulaXVistoldthroughaflashback. Lacunarevealsthedayhepoisonshisfatheranddescribesthemannerinwhichheadministersthepoison. Hisguiltisevidentbuthecoversitthroughthejustificationofhisevilact. Hesays,"Heboughtitwithhislifesothatwecaninheritacomfortablelife.". P.69 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.36 Lacunaisportrayedasincompetent. Hecanhardlyaccountforaloanborrowedbythestate. AllprojectstobefundedbytheloanarestalledandyetLacunahasnosufficientinformationoftheprogress. Heisalsogreedy. Lacunademandsforthirtypercentofanygrantsorincomethatthestategets. Hekillshisfathertoinherithisposition. Goldsteinisopportunisticand selfish. Heisonlyconcernedabouttheprofithewillmakefrom doingbusinesswithLacuna. Hedoesn'tcarewhethertheloanheadvancesKutulawillbenefitthepeopleornot. Heismanipulativeanddeceptive;hemanipulatesanddeceivesLacuna to killhis father. Goldstein's plan is to have acompromisingleaderlikeLacunawhom hecanmanipulateandcontrolatwill. TheimperialistsareselfishandopportunistswhoonlycareaboutmakingprofitsinthebusinessdealbetweenKutulaandtheEmpire. Thebusiness'hasnohumanface. 'ImpossibleconditionsdetrimentaltothewelfareofthepeoplearelaiddowniftheloanKutulaneedsistobeadvancedprofitstheystandtomake. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.37SceneThreeSummaryResistanceandRebellion Thesceneisstillinthepalace. Sangoiandrespectedleadersfrom Bukelenge Basin have come to see Lacuna overtheevacuationofpeoplefromthevalleytoSamuka. Lacuna wants the elders to convince the occupants ofthegovernment'sintentiontorelocatethemandusethefertilebasinstoreclaim agricultureastheBukelengevalleyisearmarkedfordevelopment SangoiandtheeldershaveputitplainlytoLacunathattheevacuationwillnotbepossible. LacunaisannoyedbytheirdisobedienceandblamesSangoiforpoisoningtheopinionleadersagainsttheirrigationproject. Hesays,"...thissilentrebellion...anythingtodowithyou?". Pg.85 .Lacuna'scontemptforhissubjectsisevidentwhenhesaysthemassisilliterateandtheycannotthinkofinternationalbusiness. LacunathreatenstoeliminateSangoiashetellsChipandethatthatistheonlywayforhim toremainonthethrone. Hesensesstrong opposition from Sangoibearing Sangoi's popularity Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.38amongstthepeoplewhichhedoesnottakeforgranted. LuluisexpectedtospendanightwithLacunaintheRoyalchamberastheAnnualCustom demands. AllthepreparationshavebeendonebyChipande. ApparentlyLuluandLacunafailtoshowup. LacunafearsthathisleadershipwillfailbecauseRobertmighthavedefiledLulu'spuritybeforeunitingLacunawiththepowerfuldeadandtheunbornoftheworld. "Shestandsinthegapandmustusherintomorrow'ssun. Sheisthebridge.". Pg.88 . LacunatriestolureLulubyhispowerandaluxuriantlifestyleagainstthatofLuluthatispoor. Hetellsher,"...whatwillyourmothergiveyou? Pg.93 .ButLuluremainsfirm thatsheistooyoungforhim andstillinschool;besides,sherespectsMelissa. Shewonderswhyshehasbeenconfinedinthepalaceandwantstogohome. TheritualispostponeduntilafterfourweeksandLuluwillbeconfinedinthechamberstobecleansedandtakencareofsothat"...nottoangerandpainandworrythewiseoneswithinthedeep pg.92 Meanwhile,thereisapeacefuldemonstrationoutsidebythepeoplefrom Malima Temaagainsttherelocationofpeople Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.39from thevalley. Women,menandchildrenarecarryingtwigsanddoves,singing,dancingandmarching. Meshak,thecommanderofthearmedforces,reportsthatthedemonstrationisharmlessandthereisnoneedofusingguns. Lacuna is annoyed to hearthatno one has been shotorimprisoned. Hethreatensthatanyleaderwhowillnotsupporttheevacuationwillbedismissedforthwithandreplacedbypeoplefromtheroyalclanregardlessoftheirlevelofeducation. Tasks1.StateinstancesofsuperstitioninScene3.2.InwhatwaysdoestheBukelengeBasindisappointleaderLacuna?3.ContrastthereprisalofnativesduringKingKutula'sreigntotheprotestbytheBukelengemountainoccupants.4."Butletallbedoneinwisdom..." pg.92 .Show how Lacunatakes eaveofwisdominthisscene.5.WhatcharactertraitofLacunaisrevealedwhenherespondstoSangoisaying,"Theirsecondalternative,begins,SangoiAndno,gooutthereandeffectobedienceuponmypeople. Twoweeks,Sangoi" pg.86-87 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.406.Whatis Lacuna's perception ofwomen in lightofhow hedescribesMelissaon pg.94 ? 7.InwhatwaysdoesCommanderMeshackdisappointLacunawithregardtotrackingtheinsurgentsatMalima-TemaMountains?8.Whatisyourunderstandingoftheword"cannibal"asusedinthescene?Commentary TheauthordepictstheleadershipconflictbetweenSangoiandLacunaresultingfromtheissueofevacuationoftheoccupantsoftheBukelengevalleyto"re-organizeourlandandboostproduction.". P.84 . Lacunabeginstoexperiencetheoppositionoftheopinionleaderswhodisagreewithhisrequesttohavethem convincetheresidents"astoournationalreasonsforsuchamove" p.85 . Lacuna'sfaithinthesuperstitionspeggedontheyearlyritualofunitingthepowerfuldeadandtheunbornchildrenremainshisonlyhopeofsustaininghisleadershippositionbymakingthemidnightsacrificesofpoliticalperpetuation. P. OliticalsacrificestartswhenBukelengeoccupantsorganizea Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.41peacefulmarchtothepalacecarryingdoves. Noteventhearmycandisperseorhurtthewomenandchildrenbecausetheyareharmless. "Theycarrytwigsandfarm toolsinsteadofguns!". P.91 . The occupants ofBukelenge are portrayed as peacefulandharmonious. Theyallagreetoexpresstheirgrievancesjustastheirleaders'adviceanddirectthem,peacefulandbloodless. LuluisbroughtforthandallshewantsistogohomedespiteLacuna'sattempttotreatherwarmlyandpraiseherbeauty,andenticeherwithhisthroneandpower. "Isawyou...myeyeshavebeenalldazzle' pg.93 . "... Makingmeyoungagainbutabeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Lacunaisdisrespectfulofhiswife,Melissa. HedescribesherwithinsolenceinhisattempttolureLuluandwhenLuluturnsdownhisproposalclaimingthatsherespects. Melissa,he says,"A demon!A tongue ofliving lightning,oversizedmatchstickofangrydynamite...oldwarclub,cobraheadedhandgrenade..." p.94 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.42 CommanderMeshack is dutifuland responsive. He reportspromptlytoLacunaabouttheprogressofthepursuitoftheinsurgentswhichhesayswaswithoutcasualtiesasitwasapeacefulprotest. HeisobedientashefollowsLacuna'sorderstocarryontheevacuationandtodismissanysympathizersoftheprotesters. Heisordered to replacethem withotherpeopleregardlessoftheireducationandobeys. Malipoaisarealisticandcautiousperson. HeconstantlywarnsLacunaagainstoverzealousness."... Doallthesethings...letallbedoneinwisdomifyouaretostaysecure.". Pg.92 . Lacunaisseenasseductive. Heattemptstoseduce19year-oldLuluwhoisattractedtohim andisunwillingtorelatewithhim. "No!...Iwillnever" pg93 ."I'm yourdaughtermanytimesover," pg.93 .Hetellsher,"Ilookatyourbeautyandnobility...makingme...abeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Luluisassertive. SheisnotreadytogetintoarelationshipwithLacuna,aleader,whoisasoldasherfather. Sherespectshimandthewife,Melissa. Allshewantsistogohometoherparents. 4345Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.46MovementThreeSceneOneSummaryJudahZenMelo'sDeath ThesceneissetinTaminaZenMelo'shut. ItisintheeveningandTaminahasjustenteredwithabundleoffirewood. Judahhaswrittenalettertoinform herthathewillbecominghomethatdaythesecondofSeptember. Intheletter,Judahwantstoknowthewhereaboutsofhischildren. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.47 ThisremindsTaminahowLulu,theirdaughterhasbeenconfinedinthepalacewithapromiseofanew homeandlandinthemountains which she detests. She says,"...and he had theprudencetosaltmyrawwoundIspatonhisfaceandheandhisfriendsfledfrommycookingspoon.". Pg.98 . SangoivisitsTamina'shutshortly. Theissueofevacuationisagraveonebutall,includingTamina,willrallybehindher. ShereportsthatshehasnotseenLuluinthepalaceandthatJudahwasvisitedintheminesconcerningLulu'smarriagetoLacuna. Thoughhiding,SangoibearsthebadnewsofZenMelo'sdeath. Taminasays,"...myhusbandisdead,that'swhatyoucametotellmebutyoudidn'thavethecourage. Isittrue?". Pg.100 .Judahdiesatthemineswhenthemachineheoperatessnapsandcrusheshim. Taminaisinconsolablydesperateandbreaksintomourning. BengostopsbyTamina'shouseandfindsherbesideherselfwithgriefandwantstoassignsomewomentotakecareofher. TheMother'sUnioninherchurchwilllookintoherneeds. TaminaisdisillusionedanddisappointedbyLacuna'sleadership. Hehastakenherhusband,sons,Luluherdaughterandhervalley. Shehasnothingandnoonetohelpher. SangoiconsolesTamina. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.48 Tasks1.HowdoesthediscussionbetweenSangoiandTaminaatthestartofthesceneprepareSangoitobreakthenewsofJudah'sdeath?2.DescribetheeventsthatleadtoJudahMelo'sdeath.3.Discussthethemeofhopelessnessanddisillusionmentinthescene,4."ThemoledigsGod'searthmerelytolivein...grassgrowsinthesoilhethrewaside. "Discussthesignificanceofthissayinginthescene.5.WhichdiseaseisSangoireferringtobysaying,"...thisstrangediseasefromacrosstheseas. Thedisease. "6.Identifyandexplainaninstanceofbiblicalallusionfromthescene. Commentary The scene begins with fantasy. Tamina is excited aboutapossiblebrightfuturewith herfamilybutironicallydeath isimminent. ZenMeloiskilledinapremeditatedmurderattheminesbythefaultymachines. Hehasservedfaithfullywiththehope to contribute to the quadrupling ofproduction and toprovidefortunestochangethelifeofhisfamilyforthebetter. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.49Taminalooksforwardtobettertimes. Thestatehasbetrayeditsown. Zelodieswiththeefforttoincreasetheproductionofsilvertomeettheconditionsoftheimperialistsyetthestatewon'tprotectitsownwiththerightworkingconditions. The news of Zelo's death creates the atmosphere ofhopelessnessanddespair. ThestrawsofhopethatTaminahadleftareallgone. ZenMelo'sdeathisamarkofherimminentmisery. Patriotism isportrayedbySangoiwhoinsistsuponBengotoensure that'no life is lost'in theirprotestmission againstLacuna'sleadership. Bengoisportrayedassupportive. HerallieshissupportbehindSangoi,"thepeople'swould-be-saviour,""weareallunited,awomanshallleadus" p.103 . Lacuna is irrational and impulsive as he asks for thecommander'suniformtoassumetotalcontrolunderstrictmartiallaw. Hedeclaresacurfewandissues'shootonsight'ordersforlaw breakers. His move is received with greatresistance,oppositionandrebellionbythepeople. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.50 Lacunaiscarnal. HeordersMalipoatobringLulualongasheissettomarryherwithoutherconsent. ShetellsLacuna,"...keepmehereagainstmywill...youkilledmyfather...Iwillneverbeyourwife" p.121 .Hissolemotivationofgettingintimatewithherisinordertogetthemandateofleadership. SceneTwoSummaryMartialLawandLacuna'sPredicaments Itisinthepalace. LacunahasaheatedargumentwithMalipoaoverwhenhewillhaveLuluasawife. MalipoasaysanotherweekwillbeneededbecauseLuluisstillmourningherfather'sdeath. Lacuna is disappointed by Lulu's consistentresistance to hisadvances. Hehaspouredlibationstoherlatefather'sspirit;hehaschanneledalotoffinancestohercomfortinthepalaceandhasofferedTaminavastlandsandlabourerstotillthelandbutshehasspurnedhisadvances. RobertandGoldsteinarebacktoseeLacunaafteramonthtoassesstheprogressmadeinmeetingtheconditionslaidfortheloangrant. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.51 Apparently,tea,coffee,silver show no promise,themachines are broken down,and the industries are inshamblesbesidesassassinationsofworkers. Theoccupantsofthevalleystillaredueforevacuation Notashillingoftheonetwentybillionborrowedisusedbeyondthepalace. LacunasaysthepoorproductionisasaresultofrottenmachinesandthedeathofJudahwhowasthemachineoperator. However,RoberttellshimthattheyknowJudahwasmurderedandnottheoldmachine'serroraswasreported. GoldsteinholdsthegadgetscreentoLacunatoread,"MeneMeneTekel' pg.109 ,meaninghehasbeenweighedandfoundwantingandGodhasnumberedhiskingdom. WhenLacunabluntlystatesthathewillpaytheloanwhenhewants,allhismoneyintheprivateaccountsabroadistransferredtopaythedebt. Robertsays,"Wemustrecoverourdebt.". Pg.112 . LacunahasbeendisabledcompletelybutordersthearrestofRobertandGoldstein. Healsodeclaresacurfewfrom dawntodusk. LacunaordersChipandetocanceltheevacuationplans,suspendallthe workers'salaries,and interdictallpublicofficialsincluding Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.52councilors,ministers,directorsandprincipals. LacunahimselfistobethecommanderinchiefinplaceofMeshak. Lacunahasextendedahundredpercenttaxontheprofitsmadebyallcorporations,banks,parastatalsandbusinessesandthemoneytobecollectedintothenationalkittyunderhiscustody. Chipandewarnshim ofmoreriotsnowthatthesituationisvolatilebecauseoftheplanstoforcefullyevacuatethepeoplefrom thevalley. LacunawantstobejoinedtoLuluinaholymatrimonybeforesunset. Malipoahasgonetofetchherandbeforehecomesback,LuluenterstomeetLacunawithoutpermissionfrom eithertheattendantorLacunahimself, LacunaaccusesLuluofanaffairwithRobert. Luluobjectstotheaccusationbutthenapologizes. Shewantstogo homeforthesecondintermentofherlatefatherandfearsforhernamebeingtarnishedas"apalacegolddigger" pg.119 besides,hermotherhasdisownedher. Luluwantstopursueheracademicsandbecomeadoctor. SherejectsLacuna'sadvancesofloveandallureofpleasures. LacunaisinfuriatedandslapsLulu. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.53 Inannoyance,LuluremindsLacunahow hehaskeptherinthepalaceagainstherwill,killedherfather,impoverishedthem andmadethem slaves. Besides,heistentimesherfather'sageandwillnevergetmarriedtohim. LuluisforcefullyledoutbyChipandeandtheguardandconfinedtoherquartersunderLacuna'scommandpendingaforcefulmarriage. Tasks1."Allthewiseoneshaveordered,Ihavefulfilled. "OutlinealltheordersandhowLacunahasfulfilledthem.2."Theymustplaythegame-totally,ifbothpartiesaretobenefit" pg.107 .WhatdoesRobertmeanbythis?3.WhydoyouthinkJudahMeloismurderedinthemines?4.StatetheforeignbanksthatLacunahassavedhismoneyin.5.Citeinstancesofironyandsarcasminthescene.6."Didthesehandsembraceaforeigner?". Pg.118 .WhatwouldbethetraditionalimplicationofLuluembracingaforeigneronthenightofthecommemoration?7.OutlinetheweaknessofLacuna'sleadershipasportrayedinthescene. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.548.ContrastthecharacterofLacunaasaleaderandasacarnalmanwithreferencetotheadvanceshemakesonLulu. Commentary The scenes present cases of disillusionment.
Describe the rituals performed during the commemorationchronologically.2.What does Lacuna mean by "customs must bow to nationalemergencies" pg.57 ? 3.Identifytheironyofthequoteinnumber2above.4.CommentonSangoi'ssaying,"Whenthedeadmurmurinaconscience,theguiltyhearinittheterrorofthunder,ourforefathersaidit" pg.56 .5.HowdoyouthinkthenationalrestthatLacunadeclaresimpactsontheeconomy?6.WhydoyouthinkSangoi,theeldersandthetwowhitemenfailtorespondtoMalipoa? Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.267.Explainthesymbolism inLacuna'scrownthatdoesnotfitandislopsidedonhishead.8.WhoisGerimaandwhatisherroleinthecommemorationceremony?9.DescribeMelissa'sroleintheepisode. Commentary TheauthordemonstratesthesuperstitioustraditionalpracticesofcommemoratingthedepartedleadersinKutula. Thecurrentleaderisgiventhemandatetolead,bytheyouth,aftertheperformanceofaritual."... Ourancestorsdemandthatouryouthsgiveusmandatetoleadthemtotheirfuture..." p.53 . Melissa and Sangoi's criticism ofLacuna's crown indicates adisapprovalofleadershipandalackofrespectandsupportforhim."... Thecrowndoesnotfithim..." p.55 ."...Itislop-sidedonhishead..." Pg.55 . Melissa'sdisinterestintheritualisbasicallybecauseLacunahaschosen Lulu,a nineteen-year-old schoolgoing girl,as themessenger. Heissettogetintimatewithherintheprocess. Lacuna'saddresstothegraveofhisfatherisacaseofapostrophe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.27intheplay. Headdresseshislatefathertobringouttheimmediacyofthefestival. Traditionsdemandthatthedeadmustnotbeoffended.".. Lfourfatherswouldhaveussharethesameplatform..." p.55 .Thedispleasureofthedeadcanbeunbearabletotheliving. Lacunaisasticklerfortraditionandsuperstition. Heperformstheritualasrequiredbycustom. HereadilyagreestotheadviceandguidancethatheisgivenbyMalipoa,histraditionaladvisor. MelissaandSangoiarecriticalandobservant. Theyarekeentonoticethelop-sidedcrownonLacuna'shead,Theyimplythatheisnotfitforleadership. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sBusinessDealswiththeImperialists Thesettingshiftstotheleader'spalaceformally,Governor Macay'sresidencewhichhasnowbeenextensivelymodernized. ItisherethatLacuna,GoldsteinandRobert'smeetingtakesplace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.28 ChipandewelcomesGoldsteinandRoberttothepalace. TheyarecatchinguponthejustendedcommemorationceremonybeforeLacunaarrives. Chipanderudelyhandlestheattendant. Hebragsabouthow hetreatsthem insummarystatementsinthenameofdemocracyanddevelopmentwhilefaultingKingKutulaforhavingtreatedeveryoneequally. Robertsarcasticallypointsathow Africanslovecelebrationsatthe expense ofserious issues like time managementandeconomy. Chipandecomesindefensesaying.thedrumsofprayerandthanksgivingareintendedtobringthedeadandthelivingtocommunion.". Pg.59 . Robert'scontemptforAfricansisevidentwhenhesaysthewhitesaresuperiorandthat"it'schokingme.doingbusinesswithimmoralragamumns..." pg.60 .HeaddsthatAfricanleadersborrowmoniesabroadinthenameofthenativesonlytoenrichthemselves-themoneyhasavailednothingtothepeople. Withreferencetotheextravagantandunnecessarybanquet,henotesthatmostdrinksandmealsservedareimported. ThecoffeeisgrownbythelocalsbutthenexportedtoLondonforprocessingthensoldbacktothem. Robertwonders,"Howcanwe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.29dobusinesswithpeoplelikethese?". Pg.61 . Goldstein'sperspectiveofbusinessistolend,makeprofitandenslavethenativesby"...puttingthenoose theWhitemanandpoisonedhisownfathertodeath. "Helovedme,butIkilledhim.". Pg.69 .However,hegoesaheadtojustifythemurder,"..myfatherlovedmebut Ilovedmypeoplemore...that'swhyhehadtodie.". Pg.69 . GoldsteinrecountswhattheyhavedoneforLacunaandthenatives" financed his inauguration.... Look, around thirtyuniversities with ultra-modern equipmentcomputer....miningCompany RobertandLacunafalloutbecausetheformerisquicktocriticizeLacuna'sleadership. PlanetWorldFinanciersLimitedhadextendedaloanofthirtybilliontosalvageKutula'seconomy. LacunagetsarrogantwhenGoldsteindemandsanaccountofhow themoneywasspentbecausehehasnoanyrecordofexpenditure. HethreatenstoleavetheofficeandtofreezeLacuna'saccountsabroad. Lacunatonesdownandadmitstohaveembezzledthefunds;heboughthimselfasleekaircraftandhasbankedthirtypercentofthemoneyinforeignaccounts. Healsodisclosesthatheshares Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.30themoneywithotherleadersfortheirpersonalbenefits. Lacunacannotaccountfortherestofthemoney. Yetheclaimstobegivingthenativesfreemedicalservices,education,food,etc. GoldsteinisnowseatedonthethroneandtakesadvantageofanintimidatedLacuna'signorance,mismanagementoffundsandpoorgovernancetosethimintobiggerloans. Lacunanowwantsanotherbiggerloantoboostthe economyandreclaim hispopularityamongthepeopleyethasnowayofpayingtheloanbacksincethe"...exports,silver,runningataloss..." pg.75 andfanninghasdismalreturns. Todate,KutulahasaloanadvancementofninetyeightbillionexclusiveofinterestandLacunaandhisministersoweRobertandGoldsteinahundredandtwentytwobillionwhichshouldbepaidwithinamonth. However,thedebtwillbepaidbyLacuna'ssubjects. Lacunaisgivenconditionsuponthenewloanextendedtohim byGoldstein. Heistoensuremoneyispaidforjobsdoneandnotofficesandpositionsandtoavoidnepotism. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.31 Heisalsotoremovecontrolsonpricesespeciallyfortheforeignexchange. Heshouldincreasetheproductionofsilverandcoffeeforexport. Lacunaisalsotocutdownonemploymentandensurelongerhoursforworkers. Concerningagriculture,heistoevacuatetheoccupantsofthevalleytopavewayfortheirrigationproject. Tasks1.Stateinstancesofsarcasmanddiscusstheirsignificance.2.Howeffectivelydoesthewriterportraygreedinthisscene?3.ContrastthecharactersofRobertandGoldsteinasportrayedinthescene.4.ExplainthemotivesofbothGoldsteinandLacunathatleadtoKingKutula'sassassination.5."Andweletyourunit. Didn'tinterfere" pg.70 ,ExplainthisstatementasmadebyGoldstein.6.OutlinetheconditionsthatGoldsteinandRobertimposedonLacuna. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.327.DemonstrateinwhatwaybusinessbetweentheWestandKutulahas"nohumanface". Pg.82 .8."Themotherbefriended theweaverbird" pg.82 .WhatdidLacuna'sfathermeanbythisstatement?9.Inyouropinion,howdoestheWhitemanstandtobenefitfrom theconditionsheimposesbeforeadvancingaloantoLacuna?Commentary Thereareanumberofinstancesofsarcasm inthescene. Goldsteincommentsaboutthenative'sobsessionwithcelebrations"...Youpeoplecelebrateeverythingevenwhenthesunshrivels..." pg59 . Robertsarcasticallysays,"Oh!I'dlovetosee...thedeadandthelivingsharing!". P.59 . Goldstein flatters Lacuna's leadership with sarcasm when hecompareshisregimetothatofhislatefather,KingKutula. Hetakesadvantageofhisgreedanduseshim toachievehisagendaasthequeen'srepresentative."... Itwastime to bring Kutula backtodignity and high civilization...ourpeople found a man ...yourExcellency...amanofaction...you.". P.68 . TheauthorsatirizesLacunawhenheblameshislatefatherforhavinglefthimadisastrousleadershipforinheritance. Heblames Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.33Kutula'saversenaturetoeconomicdevelopmentandhisstrangeobsessionwithmultiplicationofmosquesandchurcheswhichleaves the economy in shambles yethe Lacuna has notsustained,andinsomecases,notstartedanyoftheeconomicprojectsforwhichhehasbeenadvancedbillionsofshillingsasloansforfunding. Lacunaiscastfoolishlyasaleaderwhocanneitheraccountfortheexpenditureoftheloan,whichheembezzledwithhiscronies,northeprojectsathand. Itisalsoironicalhow LacunaclaimsthatKutulaisasovereignstateyethehasbroughtitseconomytoitsknees;itisheavilyindebt. Goldsteintellshim "...Asovereignstatewithoutauthorityandmoneyislowerthanaslave..." p.74 . Lacunaandhisleadersdemonstrateinsatiablegreed. Theygrabeveryavailablechancetostealfrom thestate. Lacunaandhiscroniesembezzlebillionsofshillingsadvancedasloansleavingwhiteelephantprojectsandindustriesthathavesuffereddiremismanagement. Lacunausespartoftheloanstobuyhimselfanaircraftandheabdicatesthemanagementofthemoneytohiscronieswhoshareitravenously. Hedemandsforcertainpercentagesfor Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.34personalusefrom everyloanadvanced .Goldsteindescribesthesecroniesas".agreedybunchofincompetentswhocan'tseeadimewithoutgettinglibidinousconvulsionsdowntheirmidriff?". Pg76 . Racism isevidentthroughRobertwhonotonlyunderminesthenativesbutisalsosickenedbytheirwayoflife. Hecannotstandtheir customs and their nauseating suffocating loyalty of"...crawlingonthefloor...fawning...mothering..." p.60 . InternationalbusinesspracticebetweenKutulaandimperialists,whichhasnohumanface,isputtingpressureonbothLacunaandthecitizensandworkingtothedetrimentofthewelfareofKutula. Residentshavetobeevacuatedfromtheirhomestopavewayforagriculture,salaries have to be slashed,people have to beretrenchedandmoreincomehastobegeneratedattheexpenseofthepeople. LacunakillshisownfathertotakeoverleadershipinKutula. Itisanactofbetrayal,assassinationandgreed. Heclaimsthathisfatherrandownthecountryandneededtopayupwithhislife. ItisbecauseofgreedthatLacunafallspreytoGoldstein'smissionof eliminating his father. Embezzlement, corruption andmismanagementoftheeconomybyLacunaandhisallieshaverundownthecountrytoshambles. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.35 LeaderLacunaisnepotisticand irresponsible. Hekeepsnorecord ofthe borrowed monies spenton projects. He hasemployed politicalfriendsand clansmen with whom he hassquanderedmoneythatisborrowedandhasrundownmanyaproject. Themachinesarerotten,farminghasfailedyethehasstashedhugeamountsofmoneyinhisforeignaccountsandboughtapersonalaircraftwiththeloan,tostayabovethepeople. ItisironicalthatLacunaregardsKutulaasasovereignstateyetitisbrokeandbeggingforaid. Hismisrulehasmadethestatesinklowerthanthestatusofaslave. Thescenehasnumerousproverbs. LacunaquestionsRobert,"How isafathertobeifvisitorscometoadvisethechildrenabouttheirtoys?". Pg.81 .Thisimplies Lacuna 's discontentmentwith the interference in Kutula 'sforeignmattersbytheWhiteman. ThedeathofKingKutulaXVistoldthroughaflashback. Lacunarevealsthedayhepoisonshisfatheranddescribesthemannerinwhichheadministersthepoison. Hisguiltisevidentbuthecoversitthroughthejustificationofhisevilact. Hesays,"Heboughtitwithhislifesothatwecaninheritacomfortablelife.". P.69 Contact07152986. 95forothernotes guides.36 Lacunaisportrayedasincompetent. Hecanhardlyaccountforaloanborrowedbythestate. AllprojectstobefundedbytheloanarestalledandyetLacunahasnosufficientinformationoftheprogress. Heisalsogreedy. Lacunademandsforthirtypercentofanygrantsorincomethatthestategets. Hekillshisfathertoinherithisposition. Goldsteinisopportunisticand selfish. Heisonlyconcernedabouttheprofithewillmakefrom doingbusinesswithLacuna. Hedoesn'tcarewhethertheloanheadvancesKutulawillbenefitthepeopleornot. Heismanipulativeanddeceptive;hemanipulatesanddeceivesLacuna to killhis father. Goldstein's plan is to have acompromisingleaderlikeLacunawhom hecanmanipulateandcontrolatwill. TheimperialistsareselfishandopportunistswhoonlycareaboutmakingprofitsinthebusinessdealbetweenKutulaandtheEmpire. Thebusiness'hasnohumanface. 'ImpossibleconditionsdetrimentaltothewelfareofthepeoplearelaiddowniftheloanKutulaneedsistobeadvancedprofitstheystandtomake. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.37SceneThreeSummaryResistanceandRebellion Thesceneisstillinthepalace. Sangoiandrespectedleadersfrom Bukelenge Basin have come to see Lacuna overtheevacuationofpeoplefromthevalleytoSamuka. Lacuna wants the elders to convince the occupants ofthegovernment'sintentiontorelocatethemandusethefertilebasinstoreclaim agricultureastheBukelengevalleyisearmarkedfordevelopment SangoiandtheeldershaveputitplainlytoLacunathattheevacuationwillnotbepossible. LacunaisannoyedbytheirdisobedienceandblamesSangoiforpoisoningtheopinionleadersagainsttheirrigationproject. Hesays,"...thissilentrebellion...anythingtodowithyou?". Pg.85 .Lacuna'scontemptforhissubjectsisevidentwhenhesaysthemassisilliterateandtheycannotthinkofinternationalbusiness. LacunathreatenstoeliminateSangoiashetellsChipandethatthatistheonlywayforhim toremainonthethrone. Hesensesstrong opposition from Sangoibearing Sangoi's popularity Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.38amongstthepeoplewhichhedoesnottakeforgranted. LuluisexpectedtospendanightwithLacunaintheRoyalchamberastheAnnualCustom demands. AllthepreparationshavebeendonebyChipande. ApparentlyLuluandLacunafailtoshowup. LacunafearsthathisleadershipwillfailbecauseRobertmighthavedefiledLulu'spuritybeforeunitingLacunawiththepowerfuldeadandtheunbornoftheworld. "Shestandsinthegapandmustusherintomorrow'ssun. Sheisthebridge.". Pg.88 . LacunatriestolureLulubyhispowerandaluxuriantlifestyleagainstthatofLuluthatispoor. Hetellsher,"...whatwillyourmothergiveyou? Pg.93 .ButLuluremainsfirm thatsheistooyoungforhim andstillinschool;besides,sherespectsMelissa. Shewonderswhyshehasbeenconfinedinthepalaceandwantstogohome. TheritualispostponeduntilafterfourweeksandLuluwillbeconfinedinthechamberstobecleansedandtakencareofsothat"...nottoangerandpainandworrythewiseoneswithinthedeep pg.92 Meanwhile,thereisapeacefuldemonstrationoutsidebythepeoplefrom Malima Temaagainsttherelocationofpeople Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.39from thevalley. Women,menandchildrenarecarryingtwigsanddoves,singing,dancingandmarching. Meshak,thecommanderofthearmedforces,reportsthatthedemonstrationisharmlessandthereisnoneedofusingguns. Lacuna is annoyed to hearthatno one has been shotorimprisoned. Hethreatensthatanyleaderwhowillnotsupporttheevacuationwillbedismissedforthwithandreplacedbypeoplefromtheroyalclanregardlessoftheirlevelofeducation. Tasks1.StateinstancesofsuperstitioninScene3.2.InwhatwaysdoestheBukelengeBasindisappointleaderLacuna?3.ContrastthereprisalofnativesduringKingKutula'sreigntotheprotestbytheBukelengemountainoccupants.4."Butletallbedoneinwisdom..." pg.92 .Show how Lacunatakes eaveofwisdominthisscene.5.WhatcharactertraitofLacunaisrevealedwhenherespondstoSangoisaying,"Theirsecondalternative,begins,SangoiAndno,gooutthereandeffectobedienceuponmypeople. Twoweeks,Sangoi" pg.86-87 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.406.Whatis Lacuna's perception ofwomen in lightofhow hedescribesMelissaon pg.94 ? 7.InwhatwaysdoesCommanderMeshackdisappointLacunawithregardtotrackingtheinsurgentsatMalima-TemaMountains?8.Whatisyourunderstandingoftheword"cannibal"asusedinthescene?Commentary TheauthordepictstheleadershipconflictbetweenSangoiandLacunaresultingfromtheissueofevacuationoftheoccupantsoftheBukelengevalleyto"re-organizeourlandandboostproduction.". P.84 . Lacunabeginstoexperiencetheoppositionoftheopinionleaderswhodisagreewithhisrequesttohavethem convincetheresidents"astoournationalreasonsforsuchamove" p.85 . Lacuna'sfaithinthesuperstitionspeggedontheyearlyritualofunitingthepowerfuldeadandtheunbornchildrenremainshisonlyhopeofsustaininghisleadershippositionbymakingthemidnightsacrificesofpoliticalperpetuation. PoliticalsacrificestartswhenBukelengeoccupantsorganizea Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.41peacefulmarchtothepalacecarryingdoves. Noteventhearmycandisperseorhurtthewomenandchildrenbecausetheyareharmless. "Theycarrytwigsandfarm toolsinsteadofguns!". P.91 . The occupants ofBukelenge are portrayed as peacefulandharmonious. Theyallagreetoexpresstheirgrievancesjustastheirleaders'adviceanddirectthem,peacefulandbloodless. LuluisbroughtforthandallshewantsistogohomedespiteLacuna'sattempttotreatherwarmlyandpraiseherbeauty,andenticeherwithhisthroneandpower. "Isawyou...myeyeshavebeenalldazzle' pg.93 . "... Makingmeyoungagainbutabeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Lacunaisdisrespectfulofhiswife,Melissa. HedescribesherwithinsolenceinhisattempttolureLuluandwhenLuluturnsdownhisproposalclaimingthatsherespects. Melissa,he says,"A demon!A tongue ofliving lightning,oversizedmatchstickofangrydynamite...oldwarclub,cobraheadedhandgrenade..." p.94 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.42 CommanderMeshack is dutifuland responsive. He reportspromptlytoLacunaabouttheprogressofthepursuitoftheinsurgentswhichhesayswaswithoutcasualtiesasitwasapeacefulprotest. HeisobedientashefollowsLacuna'sorderstocarryontheevacuationandtodismissanysympathizersoftheprotesters. Heisordered to replacethem withotherpeopleregardlessoftheireducationandobeys. Malipoaisarealisticandcautiousperson. HeconstantlywarnsLacunaagainstoverzealousness."... Doallthesethings...letallbedoneinwisdomifyouaretostaysecure.". Pg.92 . Lacunaisseenasseductive. Heattemptstoseduce19year-oldLuluwhoisattractedtohim andisunwillingtorelatewithhim. "No!...Iwillnever" pg93 ."I'm yourdaughtermanytimesover," pg.93 .Hetellsher,"Ilookatyourbeautyandnobility...makingme...abeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Luluisassertive. SheisnotreadytogetintoarelationshipwithLacuna,aleader,whoisasoldasherfather. Sherespectshimandthewife,Melissa. Allshewantsistogohometoherparents. 4345Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.46MovementThreeSceneOneSummaryJudahZenMelo'sDeath ThesceneissetinTaminaZenMelo'shut. ItisintheeveningandTaminahasjustenteredwithabundleoffirewood. Judahhaswrittenalettertoinform herthathewillbecominghomethatdaythesecondofSeptember. Intheletter,Judahwantstoknowthewhereaboutsofhischildren. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.47 ThisremindsTaminahowLulu,theirdaughterhasbeenconfinedinthepalacewithapromiseofanew homeandlandinthemountains which she detests. She says,"...and he had theprudencetosaltmyrawwoundIspatonhisfaceandheandhisfriendsfledfrommycookingspoon.". Pg.98 . SangoivisitsTamina'shutshortly. Theissueofevacuationisagraveonebutall,includingTamina,willrallybehindher. ShereportsthatshehasnotseenLuluinthepalaceandthatJudahwasvisitedintheminesconcerningLulu'smarriagetoLacuna. Thoughhiding,SangoibearsthebadnewsofZenMelo'sdeath. Taminasays,"...myhusbandisdead,that'swhatyoucametotellmebutyoudidn'thavethecourage. Isittrue?". Pg.100 .Judahdiesatthemineswhenthemachineheoperatessnapsandcrusheshim. Taminaisinconsolablydesperateandbreaksintomourning. BengostopsbyTamina'shouseandfindsherbesideherselfwithgriefandwantstoassignsomewomentotakecareofher. TheMother'sUnioninherchurchwilllookintoherneeds. TaminaisdisillusionedanddisappointedbyLacuna'sleadership. Hehastakenherhusband,sons,Luluherdaughterandhervalley. Shehasnothingandnoonetohelpher. SangoiconsolesTamina. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.48 Tasks1.HowdoesthediscussionbetweenSangoiandTaminaatthestartofthesceneprepareSangoitobreakthenewsofJudah'sdeath?2.DescribetheeventsthatleadtoJudahMelo'sdeath.3.Discussthethemeofhopelessnessanddisillusionmentinthescene,4."ThemoledigsGod'searthmerelytolivein...grassgrowsinthesoilhethrewaside. "Discussthesignificanceofthissayinginthescene.5.WhichdiseaseisSangoireferringtobysaying,"...thisstrangediseasefromacrosstheseas. Thedisease. "6.Identifyandexplainaninstanceofbiblicalallusionfromthescene. Commentary The scene begins with fantasy. Tamina is excited aboutapossiblebrightfuturewith herfamilybutironicallydeath isimminent. ZenMeloiskilledinapremeditatedmurderattheminesbythefaultymachines. Hehasservedfaithfullywiththehope to contribute to the quadrupling ofproduction and toprovidefortunestochangethelifeofhisfamilyforthebetter. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.49Taminalooksforwardtobettertimes. Thestatehasbetrayeditsown. Zelodieswiththeefforttoincreasetheproductionofsilvertomeettheconditionsoftheimperialistsyetthestatewon'tprotectitsownwiththerightworkingconditions. The news of Zelo's death creates the atmosphere ofhopelessnessanddespair. ThestrawsofhopethatTaminahadleftareallgone. ZenMelo'sdeathisamarkofherimminentmisery. Patriotism isportrayedbySangoiwhoinsistsuponBengotoensure that'no life is lost'in theirprotestmission againstLacuna'sleadership. Bengoisportrayedassupportive. HerallieshissupportbehindSangoi,"thepeople'swould-be-saviour,""weareallunited,awomanshallleadus" p.103 . Lacuna is irrational and impulsive as he asks for thecommander'suniformtoassumetotalcontrolunderstrictmartiallaw. Hedeclaresacurfewandissues'shootonsight'ordersforlaw breakers. His move is received with greatresistance,oppositionandrebellionbythepeople. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.50 Lacunaiscarnal. HeordersMalipoatobringLulualongasheissettomarryherwithoutherconsent. ShetellsLacuna,"...keepmehereagainstmywill...youkilledmyfather...Iwillneverbeyourwife" p.121 .Hissolemotivationofgettingintimatewithherisinordertogetthemandateofleadership. SceneTwoSummaryMartialLawandLa. Cuna'sPredicaments Itisinthepalace. LacunahasaheatedargumentwithMalipoaoverwhenhewillhaveLuluasawife. MalipoasaysanotherweekwillbeneededbecauseLuluisstillmourningherfather'sdeath. Lacuna is disappointed by Lulu's consistentresistance to hisadvances. Hehaspouredlibationstoherlatefather'sspirit;hehaschanneledalotoffinancestohercomfortinthepalaceandhasofferedTaminavastlandsandlabourerstotillthelandbutshehasspurnedhisadvances. RobertandGoldsteinarebacktoseeLacunaafteramonthtoassesstheprogressmadeinmeetingtheconditionslaidfortheloangrant. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.51 Apparently,tea,coffee,silver show no promise,themachines are broken down,and the industries are inshamblesbesidesassassinationsofworkers. Theoccupantsofthevalleystillaredueforevacuation Notashillingoftheonetwentybillionborrowedisusedbeyondthepalace. LacunasaysthepoorproductionisasaresultofrottenmachinesandthedeathofJudahwhowasthemachineoperator. However,RoberttellshimthattheyknowJudahwasmurderedandnottheoldmachine'serroraswasreported. GoldsteinholdsthegadgetscreentoLacunatoread,"MeneMeneTekel' pg.109 ,meaninghehasbeenweighedandfoundwantingandGodhasnumberedhiskingdom. WhenLacunabluntlystatesthathewillpaytheloanwhenhewants,allhismoneyintheprivateaccountsabroadistransferredtopaythedebt. Robertsays,"Wemustrecoverourdebt.". Pg.112 . LacunahasbeendisabledcompletelybutordersthearrestofRobertandGoldstein. Healsodeclaresacurfewfrom dawntodusk. LacunaordersChipandetocanceltheevacuationplans,suspendallthe workers'salaries,and interdictallpublicofficialsincluding Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.52councilors,ministers,directorsandprincipals. LacunahimselfistobethecommanderinchiefinplaceofMeshak. Lacunahasextendedahundredpercenttaxontheprofitsmadebyallcorporations,banks,parastatalsandbusinessesandthemoneytobecollectedintothenationalkittyunderhiscustody. Chipandewarnshim ofmoreriotsnowthatthesituationisvolatilebecauseoftheplanstoforcefullyevacuatethepeoplefrom thevalley. LacunawantstobejoinedtoLuluinaholymatrimonybeforesunset. Malipoahasgonetofetchherandbeforehecomesback,LuluenterstomeetLacunawithoutpermissionfrom eithertheattendantorLacunahimself, LacunaaccusesLuluofanaffairwithRobert. Luluobjectstotheaccusationbutthenapologizes. Shewantstogo homeforthesecondintermentofherlatefatherandfearsforhernamebeingtarnishedas"apalacegolddigger" pg.119 besides,hermotherhasdisownedher. Luluwantstopursueheracademicsandbecomeadoctor. SherejectsLacuna'sadvancesofloveandallureofpleasures. LacunaisinfuriatedandslapsLulu. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.53 Inannoyance,LuluremindsLacunahow hehaskeptherinthepalaceagainstherwill,killedherfather,impoverishedthem andmadethem slaves. Besides,heistentimesherfather'sageandwillnevergetmarriedtohim. LuluisforcefullyledoutbyChipandeandtheguardandconfinedtoherquartersunderLacuna'scommandpendingaforcefulmarriage. Tasks1."Allthewiseoneshaveordered,Ihavefulfilled. "OutlinealltheordersandhowLacunahasfulfilledthem.2."Theymustplaythegame-totally,ifbothpartiesaretobenefit" pg.107 .WhatdoesRobertmeanbythis?3.WhydoyouthinkJudahMeloismurderedinthemines?4.StatetheforeignbanksthatLacunahassavedhismoneyin.5.Citeinstancesofironyandsarcasminthescene.6."Didthesehandsembraceaforeigner?". Pg.118 .WhatwouldbethetraditionalimplicationofLuluembracingaforeigneronthenightofthecommemoration?7.OutlinetheweaknessofLacuna'sleadershipasportrayedinthescene. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.548.ContrastthecharacterofLacunaasaleaderandasacarnalmanwithreferencetotheadvanceshemakesonLulu. Commentary The scenes present cases of disillusionment. Lacuna isdesperateanddisillusionedaseverythingisworkingagainsthim. Luluwon'tgiveintoLacuna;RobertandGoldsteinclearhisforeignaccountstopaytheaccruingdebt;citizensareagainsthisleadershipandthesilentonesareabouttounleashtheirwrathonhimsettinghimupf rdesperation. Hemakesdesperatemoves. Authoritarianism isatapeakinthescene. Lacunadeclaresmartiallaw,declaresadusktodawncurfew,freezessalariesandfirespeopleen-masseandcontinuestodetainLulu,andissuesashootonsightorderforthievesandlooters. Imperialism isportrayedtoo. RobertandGoldsteineffecttheirthreataftertheirfailuretomeettheconditionsandtheimpacttricklesdowntothecitizens. Evacuationwillaffectthem,byemptyingLacuna'saccounts,allorganizationswillbetaxedby Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.55100 .RobertisawarethatJudahwasmurderedinthemine;thewhitesseeminglyknowthenitty-grittyofLacuna'sadministration. Theyareincontrol. "ItwasmurderforpoorJudah..." p.109 . Lacunaisgreedyandselfish. Hewantstorecoverhissweptaccountsbyimposinghimselfandstealingfromthepoorcitizens. Hedeclaresmartiallaw andmakesdrasticanderraticorderstargetedatthepeopleandmeanttofrustratethem. HedetainsLuluforonemoreweektomarryherandgetthemandateofleadershipfromher. Luluisboldandcandid. SheconfrontsLacunaforkillingherfather,andforbeingundependable,selfishandanoppressiveleaderwithaperfectedartofkeepingcitizensinpoverty. Shevowsnevertomarryhim. Robertand Goldstein satirize Lacuna's miseries. Theyseemparticularlyexcitedatcatchinghim unawares. Theymuseathisshockontheirknowledgeofhisfinancialstanding,whentheytransferhissavingsfromhismanyforeignaccountstheyaddresshimsarcastically"...'Twasnicedoingbusinesswithyou,oldpal..." p.112 .anduseaproverbtomockhim. Goldstein,whatwasthatacrudeproverbyouarefondofusingaboutthesepeople?". P.110 "...Atetheredhenhasnopower?". Goldstein and Robertaremercilessand ruthless. Theyclear Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.56Lacuna'saccountsinanefforttoeffecttheirconsequencesforunmetforeignconditions, TheauthorsatirizesLacunabycastinghim asanignorantandarrogantleader. LacunathreatensGoldsteinwhenheinsiststhatnew playerswillbeinvolvedinbusiness. Lacunatellshim "...Apythonneverstrikesexceptinhunger..." pg.108 .WhenGoldsteinandRobertcornerhim andclearhisforeignaccountsinforeigncountries;Lacunapanicsandbeginstopleadforpardonandasecondchance,Nonetheless,theytransferthemoneyfrom hisaccountandhisbalancereadszero. LacunademandsthatGoldsteinandRobertgivehim gunsandammunitiontoforcehispeopleoutofthemountainsiftheyresist,inordertofulfilltheconditionspeggedontheloan. Thisissatiricalandquitelaughable. RobertandGoldsteinseem tohavefirst-handinformationabouteverythinggoingoninKutula. Theyknow thatJudahMeloiskilledinanarrangedmurderinthefactory. WhenLacunaclaimsthathisattempttofulfilloneoftheconditionsgivenproduceddisastrousresults,tomeanthatJudahiskilledbyaccident,Robertrespondssaying,"ItwasmurderforpoorJudah.". Pg.108 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.57MovementFourSceneOneSummaryPlanstoOverthrowLacuna'sGovernment Itisatdawninahouseinthedenselyforestedmountains. Bengoischairingameetingofagroupofleadersfrom thevillagebothyoungandold,whichplanstooverthrow Lacuna'sgovernment. Sangoicomesinlater. Thereisaconflictbetweentheyoungmaleleaderandtheelderlyleaderoverthepreviousapproach to issueswheretheelderlyleadershavebeenslow inthecauseoftheiractionsoverseriousmattersinthenameofcautionleadingtothecurrentpredicamentofthepeopleofKutula. Thegrouphastoreviewtheirapproachnowthatacurfewhasbeendeclaredtoensurethesuccessofthedemo. TheyhavethesupportofeverytribeincludingsomeofLacuna'sloyalists. Bengosaysthatthemissionshouldbeaccomplishedwithoutpain,hateorbloodshed. Heinsistsonunitytowinandifnot.atleastdiedsaying,"no"totyranny;particularlythetyrannyofourhistoryandinternationalneo-slavery.". Pg.125 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.58 SangoiisthefavouriteofeverybodyandthesuggestedleaderafterLacunaisoverthrown. However,sheacceptstheleadershipwithaconditiontowithdraw thearmedsectionofthemovement. Thisreceivesalotofobjectionfrom theleaderswhofeeltheyshouldbearmedbecauseLacunahasanarmedarmy,too. Sangoiwillembarkonherchurchrolesandapoliticalleadersoughtafterwards. Tasks1.HowdoestheenemycatchBengoandhisfamilyoff-guardintheentireplay?2."Wehavepersistedbecauseweknowandareconvincedthatourcauseisjust,"Givereasonstojustifythisstatement.3.WhydoyouthinkthepeoplehavesomuchconfidenceinSangoi?4.Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?5.Explaintheconflictthatarisesbetweentheyoungandtheold.6."Canyouimaginethebitternessthroughouttheland?"Commentonthisstatementwithregardtotheepisode.7.Outlinethedetailsoftheplanonhowtoattackthepalace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.598.Whatdoestheyoungleadermeanwhenhesays,"OurleopardsmoveamongLacuna'sforces" pg.124 ? 9.Outlinethestepsthatthenewleadershipwilltaketorebuildthestate?10.ExplainwhatSangoimeansbysaying"Theysquandereditandwehavefeltitsyokeonournecks. "Commentary ItisevidentthattheleadersaredeterminedtobringchangeinKutula. Bengosaystheyarereadyforanyeventuality. "Ifwelose,posteritywillknowthatatleastwediedsaying,"no"totyranny...ifwewin,weshallrejoice...know ...weareaunitedpeople.". Pg.125 . ThechangeinKutulaisnotonlytheresponsibilityoftheleadersbuteverycitizen'sconcern. Unityofpurposeisevidentastheelderlyleadersays,"Andwe'vebeenjoinedbymillionsfrom allethnicgroupsandreligiousfaiths" pg.124 .Bengoreportsthat,"manyarewithusrightacross...theland.". Pg.125 . Theneedforchangeismotivatedbythecontinuouspredicament Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.60thenativeshavefacedovertime. Theyarelandlessandservitude,"Amad hattercontinues to sellus out-slaves on ourown soil.". Pg.123 ,unemployed,"...look atme waiting here forallmyeducation. Me!Agraduate.". Pg.123 amongothers. Bengoisportrayedasasoberandaneffectiveleaderabletocalmdowntheelderswhentheybeginexpressingtheirdifferences. Theleaders'intelligenceisportrayedwhentheyorganizeawellplannedmissionandchooseSangoiasaleadertoguidethem. Theyaretoavoidcausingharm toanyoneandthisissymbolizedbythecarryingofdoves"..tosignalourpeaceandresolve?". Pg.127 .TheypretendtobeloyaltoLacuna. "AndourleopardsmoveamongLacuna'sforces,pretendingloyalty.". Pg.124 . Theword"leopards"isusedmetaphoricallybytheyoungmaleleadertomean"prowlingspies.". Sangoiiscastaslevel-headed. Sheadvocatespeacefulprotestsandspeaksagainstbloodshed. Sangoiiscommittedandsincere. Sheiswillingtoprotestagainstherbrother'sleadershipwhichshedoesnotrelateto. Sheisfightingforjustice. The"fivefoolishvirgins" pg.124 isabiblicalallusionusedtoliken Contact0715298695forothernotes. Guides.61theleadersduringthemeetingatdawntothefoolishvirginsafterSangoientersandtheleadersglidetothecornerreadytotakeoff. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sLossofPower ItisinthemorningandanagitatedLacunaandacoweringChipandeareinthepalaceandoutofcontrol. LacunahasfiredeverybodyincludingMalipoa. Peoplehavemobilizedthemselvesandthedemonstrationison. LacunaordersforthemobilizationofthetroopstoattacktherabbleofdissidentsandordersforthedetentionofRobertandGoldstein. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.62 LacunaisobsessedwithhavingLuluashissecondbride.
Look, around thirtyuniversities with ultra-modern equipmentcomputer....miningCompany RobertandLacunafalloutbecausetheformerisquicktocriticizeLacuna'sleadership. PlanetWorldFinanciersLimitedhadextendedaloanofthirtybilliontosalvageKutula'seconomy. LacunagetsarrogantwhenGoldsteindemandsanaccountofhow themoneywasspentbecausehehasnoanyrecordofexpenditure. HethreatenstoleavetheofficeandtofreezeLacuna'saccountsabroad. Lacunatonesdownandadmitstohaveembezzledthefunds;heboughthimselfasleekaircraftandhasbankedthirtypercentofthemoneyinforeignaccounts. Healsodisclosesthatheshares Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.30themoneywithotherleadersfortheirpersonalbenefits. Lacunacannotaccountfortherestofthemoney. Yetheclaimstobegivingthenativesfreemedicalservices,education,food,etc. GoldsteinisnowseatedonthethroneandtakesadvantageofanintimidatedLacuna'signorance,mismanagementoffundsandpoorgovernancetosethimintobiggerloans. Lacunanowwantsanotherbiggerloantoboostthe economyandreclaim hispopularityamongthepeopleyethasnowayofpayingtheloanbacksincethe"...exports,silver,runningataloss..." pg.75 andfanninghasdismalreturns. Todate,KutulahasaloanadvancementofninetyeightbillionexclusiveofinterestandLacunaandhisministersoweRobertandGoldsteinahundredandtwentytwobillionwhichshouldbepaidwithinamonth. However,thedebtwillbepaidbyLacuna'ssubjects. Lacunaisgivenconditionsuponthenewloanextendedtohim byGoldstein. Heistoensuremoneyispaidforjobsdoneandnotofficesandpositionsandtoavoidnepotism. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.31 Heisalsotoremovecontrolsonpricesespeciallyfortheforeignexchange. Heshouldincreasetheproductionofsilverandcoffeeforexport. Lacunaisalsotocutdownonemploymentandensurelongerhoursforworkers. Concerningagriculture,heistoevacuatetheoccupantsofthevalleytopavewayfortheirrigationproject. Tasks1.Stateinstancesofsarcasmanddiscusstheirsignificance.2.Howeffectivelydoesthewriterportraygreedinthisscene?3.ContrastthecharactersofRobertandGoldsteinasportrayedinthescene.4.ExplainthemotivesofbothGoldsteinandLacunathatleadtoKingKutula'sassassination.5."Andweletyourunit. Didn'tinterfere" pg.70 ,ExplainthisstatementasmadebyGoldstein.6.OutlinetheconditionsthatGoldsteinandRobertimposedonLacuna. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.327.DemonstrateinwhatwaybusinessbetweentheWestandKutulahas"nohumanface". Pg.82 .8."Themotherbefriended theweaverbird" pg.82 .WhatdidLacuna'sfathermeanbythisstatement?9.Inyouropinion,howdoestheWhitemanstandtobenefitfrom theconditionsheimposesbeforeadvancingaloantoLacuna?Commentary Thereareanumberofinstancesofsarcasm inthescene. Goldsteincommentsaboutthenative'sobsessionwithcelebrations"...Youpeoplecelebrateeverythingevenwhenthesunshrivels..." pg59 . Robertsarcasticallysays,"Oh!I'dlovetosee...thedeadandthelivingsharing!". P.59 . Goldstein flatters Lacuna's leadership with sarcasm when hecompareshisregimetothatofhislatefather,KingKutula. Hetakesadvantageofhisgreedanduseshim toachievehisagendaasthequeen'srepresentative."... Itwastime to bring Kutula backtodignity and high civilization...ourpeople found a man ...yourExcellency...amanofaction...you.". P.68 . TheauthorsatirizesLacunawhenheblameshislatefatherforhavinglefthimadisastrousleadershipforinheritance. Heblames Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.33Kutula'saversenaturetoeconomicdevelopmentandhisstrangeobsessionwithmultiplicationofmosquesandchurcheswhichleaves the economy in shambles yethe Lacuna has notsustained,andinsomecases,notstartedanyoftheeconomicprojectsforwhichhehasbeenadvancedbillionsofshillingsasloansforfunding. Lacunaiscastfoolishlyasaleaderwhocanneitheraccountfortheexpenditureoftheloan,whichheembezzledwithhiscronies,northeprojectsathand. Itisalsoironicalhow LacunaclaimsthatKutulaisasovereignstateyethehasbroughtitseconomytoitsknees;itisheavilyindebt. Goldsteintellshim "...Asovereignstatewithoutauthorityandmoneyislowerthanaslave..." p.74 . Lacunaandhisleadersdemonstrateinsatiablegreed. Theygrabeveryavailablechancetostealfrom thestate. Lacunaandhiscroniesembezzlebillionsofshillingsadvancedasloansleavingwhiteelephantprojectsandindustriesthathavesuffereddiremismanagement. Lacunausespartoftheloanstobuyhimselfanaircraftandheabdicatesthemanagementofthemoneytohiscronieswhoshareitravenously. Hedemandsforcertainpercentagesfor Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.34personalusefrom everyloanadvanced .Goldsteindescribesthesecroniesas".agreedybunchofincompetentswhocan'tseeadimewithoutgettinglibidinousconvulsionsdowntheirmidriff?". Pg76 . Racism isevidentthroughRobertwhonotonlyunderminesthenativesbutisalsosickenedbytheirwayoflife. Hecannotstandtheir customs and their nauseating suffocating loyalty of"...crawlingonthefloor...fawning...mothering..." p.60 . InternationalbusinesspracticebetweenKutulaandimperialists,whichhasnohumanface,isputtingpressureonbothLacunaandthecitizensandworkingtothedetrimentofthewelfareofKutula. Residentshavetobeevacuatedfromtheirhomestopavewayforagriculture,salaries have to be slashed,people have to beretrenchedandmoreincomehastobegeneratedattheexpenseofthepeople. LacunakillshisownfathertotakeoverleadershipinKutula. Itisanactofbetrayal,assassinationandgreed. Heclaimsthathisfatherrandownthecountryandneededtopayupwithhislife. ItisbecauseofgreedthatLacunafallspreytoGoldstein'smissionof eliminating his father. Embezzlement, corruption andmismanagementoftheeconomybyLacunaandhisallieshaverundownthecountrytoshambles. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.35 LeaderLacunaisnepotisticand irresponsible. Hekeepsnorecord ofthe borrowed monies spenton projects. He hasemployed politicalfriendsand clansmen with whom he hassquanderedmoneythatisborrowedandhasrundownmanyaproject. Themachinesarerotten,farminghasfailedyethehasstashedhugeamountsofmoneyinhisforeignaccountsandboughtapersonalaircraftwiththeloan,tostayabovethepeople. ItisironicalthatLacunaregardsKutulaasasovereignstateyetitisbrokeandbeggingforaid. Hismisrulehasmadethestatesinklowerthanthestatusofaslave. Thescenehasnumerousproverbs. LacunaquestionsRobert,"How isafathertobeifvisitorscometoadvisethechildrenabouttheirtoys?". Pg.81 .Thisimplies Lacuna 's discontentmentwith the interference in Kutula 'sforeignmattersbytheWhiteman. ThedeathofKingKutulaXVistoldthroughaflashback. Lacunarevealsthedayhepoisonshisfatheranddescribesthemannerinwhichheadministersthepoison. Hisguiltisevidentbuthecoversitthroughthejustificationofhisevilact. Hesays,"Heboughtitwithhislifesothatwecaninheritacomfortablelife.". P.69 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.36 Lacunaisportrayedasincompetent. Hecanhardlyaccountforaloanborrowedbythestate. AllprojectstobefundedbytheloanarestalledandyetLacunahasnosufficientinformationoftheprogress. Heisalsogreedy. Lacunademandsforthirtypercentofanygrantsorincomethatthestategets. Hekillshisfathertoinherithisposition. Goldsteinisopportunisticand selfish. Heisonlyconcernedabouttheprofithewillmakefrom doingbusinesswithLacuna. Hedoesn'tcarewhethertheloanheadvancesKutulawillbenefitthepeopleornot. Heismanipulativeanddeceptive;hemanipulatesanddeceivesLacuna to killhis father. Goldstein's plan is to have acompromisingleaderlikeLacunawhom hecanmanipulateandcontrolatwill. TheimperialistsareselfishandopportunistswhoonlycareaboutmakingprofitsinthebusinessdealbetweenKutulaandtheEmpire. Thebusiness'hasnohumanface. 'ImpossibleconditionsdetrimentaltothewelfareofthepeoplearelaiddowniftheloanKutulaneedsistobeadvancedprofitstheystandtomake. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.37SceneThreeSummaryResistanceandRebellion Thesceneisstillinthepalace. Sangoiandrespectedleadersfrom Bukelenge Basin have come to see Lacuna overtheevacuationofpeoplefromthevalleytoSamuka. Lacuna wants the elders to convince the occupants ofthegovernment'sintentiontorelocatethemandusethefertilebasinstoreclaim agricultureastheBukelengevalleyisearmarkedfordevelopment SangoiandtheeldershaveputitplainlytoLacunathattheevacuationwillnotbepossible. LacunaisannoyedbytheirdisobedienceandblamesSangoiforpoisoningtheopinionleadersagainsttheirrigationproject. Hesays,"...thissilentrebellion...anythingtodowithyou?". Pg.85 .Lacuna'scontemptforhissubjectsisevidentwhenhesaysthemassisilliterateandtheycannotthinkofinternationalbusiness. LacunathreatenstoeliminateSangoiashetellsChipandethatthatistheonlywayforhim toremainonthethrone. Hesensesstrong opposition from Sangoibearing Sangoi's popularity Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.38amongstthepeoplewhichhedoesnottakeforgranted. LuluisexpectedtospendanightwithLacunaintheRoyalchamberastheAnnualCustom demands. AllthepreparationshavebeendonebyChipande. ApparentlyLuluandLacunafailtoshowup. LacunafearsthathisleadershipwillfailbecauseRobertmighthavedefiledLulu'spuritybeforeunitingLacunawiththepowerfuldeadandtheunbornoftheworld. "Shestandsinthegapandmustusherintomorrow'ssun. Sheisthebridge.". Pg.88 . LacunatriestolureLulubyhispowerandaluxuriantlifestyleagainstthatofLuluthatispoor. Hetellsher,"...whatwillyourmothergiveyou? Pg.93 .ButLuluremainsfirm thatsheistooyoungforhim andstillinschool;besides,sherespectsMelissa. Shewonderswhyshehasbeenconfinedinthepalaceandwantstogohome. TheritualispostponeduntilafterfourweeksandLuluwillbeconfinedinthechamberstobecleansedandtakencareofsothat"...nottoangerandpainandworrythewiseoneswithinthedeep pg.92 Meanwhile,thereisapeacefuldemonstrationoutsidebythepeoplefrom Malima Temaagainsttherelocationofpeople Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.39from thevalley. Women,menandchildrenarecarryingtwigsanddoves,singing,dancingandmarching. Meshak,thecommanderofthearmedforces,reportsthatthedemonstrationisharmlessandthereisnoneedofusingguns. Lacuna is annoyed to hearthatno one has been shotorimprisoned. Hethreatensthatanyleaderwhowillnotsupporttheevacuationwillbedismissedforthwithandreplacedbypeoplefromtheroyalclanregardlessoftheirlevelofeducation. Tasks1.StateinstancesofsuperstitioninScene3.2.InwhatwaysdoestheBukelengeBasindisappointleaderLacuna?3.ContrastthereprisalofnativesduringKingKutula'sreigntotheprotestbytheBukelengemountainoccupants.4."Butletallbedoneinwisdom..." pg.92 .Show how Lacunatakes eaveofwisdominthisscene.5.WhatcharactertraitofLacunaisrevea. LedwhenherespondstoSangoisaying,"Theirsecondalternative,begins,SangoiAndno,gooutthereandeffectobedienceuponmypeople. Twoweeks,Sangoi" pg.86-87 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.406.Whatis Lacuna's perception ofwomen in lightofhow hedescribesMelissaon pg.94 ? 7.InwhatwaysdoesCommanderMeshackdisappointLacunawithregardtotrackingtheinsurgentsatMalima-TemaMountains?8.Whatisyourunderstandingoftheword"cannibal"asusedinthescene?Commentary TheauthordepictstheleadershipconflictbetweenSangoiandLacunaresultingfromtheissueofevacuationoftheoccupantsoftheBukelengevalleyto"re-organizeourlandandboostproduction.". P.84 . Lacunabeginstoexperiencetheoppositionoftheopinionleaderswhodisagreewithhisrequesttohavethem convincetheresidents"astoournationalreasonsforsuchamove" p.85 . Lacuna'sfaithinthesuperstitionspeggedontheyearlyritualofunitingthepowerfuldeadandtheunbornchildrenremainshisonlyhopeofsustaininghisleadershippositionbymakingthemidnightsacrificesofpoliticalperpetuation. PoliticalsacrificestartswhenBukelengeoccupantsorganizea Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.41peacefulmarchtothepalacecarryingdoves. Noteventhearmycandisperseorhurtthewomenandchildrenbecausetheyareharmless. "Theycarrytwigsandfarm toolsinsteadofguns!". P.91 . The occupants ofBukelenge are portrayed as peacefulandharmonious. Theyallagreetoexpresstheirgrievancesjustastheirleaders'adviceanddirectthem,peacefulandbloodless. LuluisbroughtforthandallshewantsistogohomedespiteLacuna'sattempttotreatherwarmlyandpraiseherbeauty,andenticeherwithhisthroneandpower. "Isawyou...myeyeshavebeenalldazzle' pg.93 . "... Makingmeyoungagainbutabeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Lacunaisdisrespectfulofhiswife,Melissa. HedescribesherwithinsolenceinhisattempttolureLuluandwhenLuluturnsdownhisproposalclaimingthatsherespects. Melissa,he says,"A demon!A tongue ofliving lightning,oversizedmatchstickofangrydynamite...oldwarclub,cobraheadedhandgrenade..." p.94 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.42 CommanderMeshack is dutifuland responsive. He reportspromptlytoLacunaabouttheprogressofthepursuitoftheinsurgentswhichhesayswaswithoutcasualtiesasitwasapeacefulprotest. HeisobedientashefollowsLacuna'sorderstocarryontheevacuationandtodismissanysympathizersoftheprotesters. Heisordered to replacethem withotherpeopleregardlessoftheireducationandobeys. Malipoaisarealisticandcautiousperson. HeconstantlywarnsLacunaagainstoverzealousness."... Doallthesethings...letallbedoneinwisdomifyouaretostaysecure.". Pg.92 . Lacunaisseenasseductive. Heattemptstoseduce19year-oldLuluwhoisattractedtohim andisunwillingtorelatewithhim. "No!...Iwillnever" pg93 ."I'm yourdaughtermanytimesover," pg.93 .Hetellsher,"Ilookatyourbeautyandnobility...makingme...abeggar,aworshipperatthedoorofyourheart.". Luluisassertive. SheisnotreadytogetintoarelationshipwithLacuna,aleader,whoisasoldasherfather. Sherespectshimandthewife,Melissa. Allshewantsistogohometoherparents. 4345Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.46MovementThreeSceneOneSummaryJudahZenMelo'sDeath ThesceneissetinTaminaZenMelo'shut. ItisintheeveningandTaminahasjustenteredwithabundleoffirewood. Judahhaswrittenalettertoinform herthathewillbecominghomethatdaythesecondofSeptember. Intheletter,Judahwantstoknowthewhereaboutsofhischildren. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.47 ThisremindsTaminahowLulu,theirdaughterhasbeenconfinedinthepalacewithapromiseofanew homeandlandinthemountains which she detests. She says,"...and he had theprudencetosaltmyrawwoundIspatonhisfaceandheandhisfriendsfledfrommycookingspoon.". Pg.98 . SangoivisitsTamina'shutshortly. Theissueofevacuationisagraveonebutall,includingTamina,willrallybehindher. ShereportsthatshehasnotseenLuluinthepalaceandthatJudahwasvisitedintheminesconcerningLulu'smarriagetoLacuna. Thoughhiding,SangoibearsthebadnewsofZenMelo'sdeath. Taminasays,"...myhusbandisdead,that'swhatyoucametotellmebutyoudidn'thavethecourage. Isittrue?". Pg.100 .Judahdiesatthemineswhenthemachineheoperatessnapsandcrusheshim. Taminaisinconsolablydesperateandbreaksintomourning. BengostopsbyTamina'shouseandfindsherbesideherselfwithgriefandwantstoassignsomewomentotakecareofher. TheMother'sUnioninherchurchwilllookintoherneeds. TaminaisdisillusionedanddisappointedbyLacuna'sleadership. Hehastakenherhusband,sons,Luluherdaughterandhervalley. Shehasnothingandnoonetohelpher. SangoiconsolesTamina. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.48 Tasks1.HowdoesthediscussionbetweenSangoiandTaminaatthestartofthesceneprepareSangoitobreakthenewsofJudah'sdeath?2.DescribetheeventsthatleadtoJudahMelo'sdeath.3.Discussthethemeofhopelessnessanddisillusionmentinthescene,4."ThemoledigsGod'searthmerelytolivein...grassgrowsinthesoilhethrewaside. "Discussthesignificanceofthissayinginthescene.5.WhichdiseaseisSangoireferringtobysaying,"...thisstrangediseasefromacrosstheseas. Thedisease. "6.Identifyandexplainaninstanceofbiblicalallusionfromthescene. Commentary The scene begins with fantasy. Tamina is excited aboutapossiblebrightfuturewith herfamilybutironicallydeath isimminent. ZenMeloiskilledinapremeditatedmurderattheminesbythefaultymachines. Hehasservedfaithfullywiththehope to contribute to the quadrupling ofproduction and toprovidefortunestochangethelifeofhisfamilyforthebetter. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.49Taminalooksforwardtobettertimes. Thestatehasbetrayeditsown. Zelodieswiththeefforttoincreasetheproductionofsilvertomeettheconditionsoftheimperialistsyetthestatewon'tprotectitsownwiththerightworkingconditions. The news of Zelo's death creates the atmosphere ofhopelessnessanddespair. ThestrawsofhopethatTaminahadleftareallgone. ZenMelo'sdeathisamarkofherimminentmisery. Patriotism isportrayedbySangoiwhoinsistsuponBengotoensure that'no life is lost'in theirprotestmission againstLacuna'sleadership. Bengoisportrayedassupportive. HerallieshissupportbehindSangoi,"thepeople'swould-be-saviour,""weareallunited,awomanshallleadus" p.103 . Lacuna is irrational and impulsive as he asks for thecommander'suniformtoassumetotalcontrolunderstrictmartiallaw. Hedeclaresacurfewandissues'shootonsight'ordersforlaw breakers. His move is received with greatresistance,oppositionandrebellionbythepeople. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.50 Lacunaiscarnal. HeordersMalipoatobringLulualongasheissettomarryherwithoutherconsent. ShetellsLacuna,"...keepmehereagainstmywill...youkilledmyfather...Iwillneverbeyourwife" p.121 .Hissolemotivationofgettingintimatewithherisinordertogetthemandateofleadership. SceneTwoSummaryMartialLawandLacuna'sPredicaments Itisinthepalace. LacunahasaheatedargumentwithMalipoaoverwhenhewillhaveLuluasawife. MalipoasaysanotherweekwillbeneededbecauseLuluisstillmourningherfather'sdeath. Lacuna is disappointed by Lulu's consistentresistance to hisadvances. Hehaspouredlibationstoherlatefather'sspirit;hehaschanneledalotoffinancestohercomfortinthepalaceandhasofferedTaminavastlandsandlabourerstotillthelandbutshehasspurnedhisadvances. RobertandGoldsteinarebacktoseeLacunaafteramonthtoassesstheprogressmadeinmeetingtheconditionslaidfortheloangrant. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.51 Apparently,tea,coffee,silver show no promise,themachines are broken down,and the industries are inshamblesbesidesassassinationsofworkers. Theoccupantsofthevalleystillaredueforevacuation Notashillingoftheonetwentybillionborrowedisusedbeyondthepalace. LacunasaysthepoorproductionisasaresultofrottenmachinesandthedeathofJudahwhowasthemachineoperator. However,RoberttellshimthattheyknowJudahwasmurderedandnottheoldmachine'serroraswasreported. GoldsteinholdsthegadgetscreentoLacunatoread,"MeneMeneTekel' pg.109 ,meaninghehasbeenweighedandfoundwantingandGodhasnumberedhiskingdom. WhenLacunabluntlystatesthathewillpaytheloanwhenhewants,allhismoneyintheprivateaccountsabroadistransferredtopaythedebt. Robertsays,"Wemustrecoverourdebt.". Pg.112 . LacunahasbeendisabledcompletelybutordersthearrestofRobertandGoldstein. Healsodeclaresacurfewfrom dawntodusk. LacunaordersChipandetocanceltheevacuationplans,suspendallthe workers'salaries,and interdictallpublicofficialsincluding Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.52councilors,ministers,directorsandprincipals. LacunahimselfistobethecommanderinchiefinplaceofMeshak. Lacunahasextendedahundredpercenttaxontheprofitsmadebyallcorporations,banks,parastatalsandbusinessesandthemoneytobecollectedintothenationalkittyunderhiscustody. Chipandewarnshim ofmoreriotsnowthatthesituationisvolatilebecauseoftheplanstoforcefullyevacuatethepeoplefrom thevalley. LacunawantstobejoinedtoLuluinaholymatrimonybeforesunset. Malipoahasgonetofetchherandbeforehecomesback,LuluenterstomeetLacunawithoutpermissionfrom eithertheattendantorLacunahimself, LacunaaccusesLuluofanaffairwithRobert. Luluobjectstotheaccusationbutthenapologizes. Shewantstogo homeforthesecondintermentofherlatefatherandfearsforhernamebeingtarnishedas"apalacegolddigger" pg.119 besides,hermotherhasdisownedher. Luluwantstopursueheracademicsandbecomeadoctor. SherejectsLacuna'sadvancesofloveandallureofpleasures. LacunaisinfuriatedandslapsLulu. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.53 Inannoyance,LuluremindsLacunahow hehaskeptherinthepalaceagainstherwill,killedherfather,impoverishedthem andmadethem slaves. Besides,heistentimesherfather'sageandwillnevergetmarriedtohim. LuluisforcefullyledoutbyChipandeandtheguardandconfinedtoherquartersunderLacuna'scommandpendingaforcefulmarriage. Tasks1."Allthewiseoneshaveordered,Ihavefulfilled. "OutlinealltheordersandhowLacunahasfulfilledthem.2."Theymustplaythegame-totally,ifbothpartiesaretobenefit" pg.107 .WhatdoesRobertmeanbythis?3.WhydoyouthinkJudahMeloismurderedinthemines?4.StatetheforeignbanksthatLacunahassavedhismoneyin.5.Citeinstancesofironyandsarcasminthescene.6."Didthesehandsembraceaforeigner?". Pg.118 .WhatwouldbethetraditionalimplicationofLuluembracingaforeigneronthenightofthecommemoration?7.OutlinetheweaknessofLacuna'sleadershipasportrayedinthescene. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.548.ContrastthecharacterofLacunaasaleaderandasacarnalmanwithreferencetotheadvanceshemakesonLulu. Commentary The scenes present cases of disillusionment. Lacuna isdesperateanddisillusionedaseverything. Isworkingagainsthim. Luluwon'tgiveintoLacuna;RobertandGoldsteinclearhisforeignaccountstopaytheaccruingdebt;citizensareagainsthisleadershipandthesilentonesareabouttounleashtheirwrathonhimsettinghimupf rdesperation. Hemakesdesperatemoves. Authoritarianism isatapeakinthescene. Lacunadeclaresmartiallaw,declaresadusktodawncurfew,freezessalariesandfirespeopleen-masseandcontinuestodetainLulu,andissuesashootonsightorderforthievesandlooters. Imperialism isportrayedtoo. RobertandGoldsteineffecttheirthreataftertheirfailuretomeettheconditionsandtheimpacttricklesdowntothecitizens. Evacuationwillaffectthem,byemptyingLacuna'saccounts,allorganizationswillbetaxedby Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.55100 .RobertisawarethatJudahwasmurderedinthemine;thewhitesseeminglyknowthenitty-grittyofLacuna'sadministration. Theyareincontrol. "ItwasmurderforpoorJudah..." p.109 . Lacunaisgreedyandselfish. Hewantstorecoverhissweptaccountsbyimposinghimselfandstealingfromthepoorcitizens. Hedeclaresmartiallaw andmakesdrasticanderraticorderstargetedatthepeopleandmeanttofrustratethem. HedetainsLuluforonemoreweektomarryherandgetthemandateofleadershipfromher. Luluisboldandcandid. SheconfrontsLacunaforkillingherfather,andforbeingundependable,selfishandanoppressiveleaderwithaperfectedartofkeepingcitizensinpoverty. Shevowsnevertomarryhim. Robertand Goldstein satirize Lacuna's miseries. Theyseemparticularlyexcitedatcatchinghim unawares. Theymuseathisshockontheirknowledgeofhisfinancialstanding,whentheytransferhissavingsfromhismanyforeignaccountstheyaddresshimsarcastically"...'Twasnicedoingbusinesswithyou,oldpal..." p.112 .anduseaproverbtomockhim. Goldstein,whatwasthatacrudeproverbyouarefondofusingaboutthesepeople?". P.110 "...Atetheredhenhasnopower?". Goldstein and Robertaremercilessand ruthless. Theyclear Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.56Lacuna'saccountsinanefforttoeffecttheirconsequencesforunmetforeignconditions, TheauthorsatirizesLacunabycastinghim asanignorantandarrogantleader. LacunathreatensGoldsteinwhenheinsiststhatnew playerswillbeinvolvedinbusiness. Lacunatellshim "...Apythonneverstrikesexceptinhunger..." pg.108 .WhenGoldsteinandRobertcornerhim andclearhisforeignaccountsinforeigncountries;Lacunapanicsandbeginstopleadforpardonandasecondchance,Nonetheless,theytransferthemoneyfrom hisaccountandhisbalancereadszero. LacunademandsthatGoldsteinandRobertgivehim gunsandammunitiontoforcehispeopleoutofthemountainsiftheyresist,inordertofulfilltheconditionspeggedontheloan. Thisissatiricalandquitelaughable. RobertandGoldsteinseem tohavefirst-handinformationabouteverythinggoingoninKutula. Theyknow thatJudahMeloiskilledinanarrangedmurderinthefactory. WhenLacunaclaimsthathisattempttofulfilloneoftheconditionsgivenproduceddisastrousresults,tomeanthatJudahiskilledbyaccident,Robertrespondssaying,"ItwasmurderforpoorJudah.". Pg.108 Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.57MovementFourSceneOneSummaryPlanstoOverthrowLacuna'sGovernment Itisatdawninahouseinthedenselyforestedmountains. Bengoischairingameetingofagroupofleadersfrom thevillagebothyoungandold,whichplanstooverthrow Lacuna'sgovernment. Sangoicomesinlater. Thereisaconflictbetweentheyoungmaleleaderandtheelderlyleaderoverthepreviousapproach to issueswheretheelderlyleadershavebeenslow inthecauseoftheiractionsoverseriousmattersinthenameofcautionleadingtothecurrentpredicamentofthepeopleofKutula. Thegrouphastoreviewtheirapproachnowthatacurfewhasbeendeclaredtoensurethesuccessofthedemo. TheyhavethesupportofeverytribeincludingsomeofLacuna'sloyalists. Bengosaysthatthemissionshouldbeaccomplishedwithoutpain,hateorbloodshed. Heinsistsonunitytowinandifnot.atleastdiedsaying,"no"totyranny;particularlythetyrannyofourhistoryandinternationalneo-slavery.". Pg.125 . Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.58 SangoiisthefavouriteofeverybodyandthesuggestedleaderafterLacunaisoverthrown. However,sheacceptstheleadershipwithaconditiontowithdraw thearmedsectionofthemovement. Thisreceivesalotofobjectionfrom theleaderswhofeeltheyshouldbearmedbecauseLacunahasanarmedarmy,too. Sangoiwillembarkonherchurchrolesandapoliticalleadersoughtafterwards. Tasks1.HowdoestheenemycatchBengoandhisfamilyoff-guardintheentireplay?2."Wehavepersistedbecauseweknowandareconvincedthatourcauseisjust,"Givereasonstojustifythisstatement.3.WhydoyouthinkthepeoplehavesomuchconfidenceinSangoi?4.Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?5.Explaintheconflictthatarisesbetweentheyoungandtheold.6."Canyouimaginethebitternessthroughouttheland?"Commentonthisstatementwithregardtotheepisode.7.Outlinethedetailsoftheplanonhowtoattackthepalace. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.598.Whatdoestheyoungleadermeanwhenhesays,"OurleopardsmoveamongLacuna'sforces" pg.124 ? 9.Outlinethestepsthatthenewleadershipwilltaketorebuildthestate?10.ExplainwhatSangoimeansbysaying"Theysquandereditandwehavefeltitsyokeonournecks. "Commentary ItisevidentthattheleadersaredeterminedtobringchangeinKutula. Bengosaystheyarereadyforanyeventuality. "Ifwelose,posteritywillknowthatatleastwediedsaying,"no"totyranny...ifwewin,weshallrejoice...know ...weareaunitedpeople.". Pg.125 . ThechangeinKutulaisnotonlytheresponsibilityoftheleadersbuteverycitizen'sconcern. Unityofpurposeisevidentastheelderlyleadersays,"Andwe'vebeenjoinedbymillionsfrom allethnicgroupsandreligiousfaiths" pg.124 .Bengoreportsthat,"manyarewithusrightacross...theland.". Pg.125 . Theneedforchangeismotivatedbythecontinuouspredicament Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.60thenativeshavefacedovertime. Theyarelandlessandservitude,"Amad hattercontinues to sellus out-slaves on ourown soil.". Pg.123 ,unemployed,"...look atme waiting here forallmyeducation. Me!Agraduate.". Pg.123 amongothers. Bengoisportrayedasasoberandaneffectiveleaderabletocalmdowntheelderswhentheybeginexpressingtheirdifferences. Theleaders'intelligenceisportrayedwhentheyorganizeawellplannedmissionandchooseSangoiasaleadertoguidethem. Theyaretoavoidcausingharm toanyoneandthisissymbolizedbythecarryingofdoves"..tosignalourpeaceandresolve?". Pg.127 .TheypretendtobeloyaltoLacuna. "AndourleopardsmoveamongLacuna'sforces,pretendingloyalty.". Pg.124 . Theword"leopards"isusedmetaphoricallybytheyoungmaleleadertomean"prowlingspies.". Sangoiiscastaslevel-headed. Sheadvocatespeacefulprotestsandspeaksagainstbloodshed. Sangoiiscommittedandsincere. Sheiswillingtoprotestagainstherbrother'sleadershipwhichshedoesnotrelateto. Sheisfightingforjustice. The"fivefoolishvirgins" pg.124 isabiblicalallusionusedtoliken Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.61theleadersduringthemeetingatdawntothefoolishvirginsafterSangoientersandtheleadersglidetothecornerreadytotakeoff. SceneTwoSummaryLacuna'sLossofPower ItisinthemorningandanagitatedLacunaandacoweringChipandeareinthepalaceandoutofcontrol. LacunahasfiredeverybodyincludingMalipoa. Peoplehavemobilizedthemselvesandthedemonstrationison. LacunaordersforthemobilizationofthetroopstoattacktherabbleofdissidentsandordersforthedetentionofRobertandGoldstein. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.62 LacunaisobsessedwithhavingLuluashissecondbride. HeinstructsChipandeamidsttheconfusiontopreparetobethebestmanduringtheceremony. Lacunaisadamantuntilhehearsthesoundsofgunshots. AttendantIlshowshim themarchhasdrawnclosetothepalacefrom alldirections. Thecityisunderattack,thebarrackshavefallenandthepalacehasbeenbesieged. Theprotestorssurroundthepalacechanting,"DownwithLacuna!Corruptingourchildren!Stealingfromthepoor!Starvingthepoor!"...."Weshallnotbemoved"Downwithtyrants!""Downwithcurfewsinfreeland!". Pg.132 . MeanwhileBengo,SangoiandTaminacomeclosertoLacunaasBengoaddressesthecrowdabouttheneedforjusticeandrestrainspeoplefromusingviolenceagainstLacuna. ReverendSangoiaddressesthecrowdamidcheersandchantsofrevengetoperpetratorsofevilfrom thecrowd. Sheconfirmstheneedtodealwiththeevilsofthepastbeforeforgingforwardwiththereconstructionandhealingoftheland. Sangoiisquicktopointoutthattheeviloneshavereducedthe Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.63peopletobeggarsintheirownhomeland,theyouthintocriminalsanddrugaddicts,disintegrationoffamilies,"...TaminaZenMeloandothers....sincedisasterstruckherhome,shehaslosthermind.. '' pg.135 . LacunaisorderedtojoinRobertandGoldstein. Thecrowdreferstothem asleechesthatbleedthecountrydry. Lacunaisguiltyoftyrannyandsinkingthecountryintodebts. SangoicommandsLacuna,MalipoaandChipandetobejailed. LacunablameshisadvisorsbutChipandesaysLacunaalwaysgaveorders. EvenafterSangoiiseducatedabroadandmarriedbyawhite,shedoes notspare Goldstein and Robert. The two foreigners aredeportedbacktotheircountry. SheinformsRobertinresponsetohisdemandfortheirdebtthatthemoneywasborrowedinthenameofthenativesbutsquanderedbyLacunaandhiscronies. LulumovestothefrontwheresheembraceshermotherTamina. SangoiquestionsLacunaoverLulu'sconfinementandTaminaoutofrageslapsLacunaforconfiningherdaughterformanydays. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.64Tasks1."Icanseefurtherwithoutglassesthanhewithhisspiritualbinoculars. "ShowtheironyofLacuna'sstatementinlightoftheeventslaterinthescene.2.WhatisSangoi'sroleinliberatingherpeople?3."IAM POPULAR!Notso?"Commenton the irony ofthisstatement.4.OutlinetheevilsthatthenativeshavesufferedduetoLacuna'sleadership.5.WhatisBengo'sroleduringthedemonstrations?6."Hangtheleeches!Bleedingourcountrydry!"Explaintheabovestatements.7.Identifyandexplaintheuseoflanguageinthisepisode.8.WhatisSangoi'sattitudetowardsLacuna,RobertandGoldstein?Commentary There is a revolution as people overthrow theirleader. AsuccessfulcoupisstagedwherethepalaceissurroundedandLacunatakenhostagebythepeopleandforthepeople. They Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.65declare,"...unitedinasinglejustcause,we,byourowneffort,canraiseourselvesupagain..." p.133 ItisironicalthatGoldsteinthoughtthateducatingSangoiinthewestwouldmakeherdividethepeoplefurtherbyindoctrinatingthem tosupportthewhitesbutsheturnsouttobethelionesshefearedshewouldbecome. BetrayalofloyaltyisseenwhenChipandedisownsLacunaandsaysthathisroleasadviserwasoverruledbyhisorders. Freedom andliberationcometothepeoplewhentheaustereleaderistakenhostage. Sangoidemonstrates her authoritativeness when Goldstein,Robert,Lacuna,Chipandea. NdMalipoatakeherorders. Thewhitemenaredeportedandtheotherthreearelockedup. Bengodemonstratesmaturityinleadershipbyrestrainingthecrowdfromanyformofviolence. Theauthorsatirizestheleaders. AllislostforthetoughtalkingRobertandGoldsteinastheysetouttodestabilizethecitizens. Lacunabowsandisnolongerpowerful. Heisinthehandsoftheverypeopleheoppressed. ChipandeandMalipoajointheirleaderincustody. Contact0715298695forothernotes guides.66 Lacunaisdishonestandanescapist. HeblameshistyrannyonMalipoaandChipande. Hedeniesthathistimeisupandinsists,"Thepeopleloveme,I'mpopular," pg.131 .END.
731 . GENERAL MATHEMATICS FORMULAE Length The units of length that are used include the following: millimetre mm centimetre cm decimetre dm Metre m Dekametre Dm Hectometre Hm From the illustration: 10mm 1cm 10cm 1dm Kilometre Km 2 . 10dm 1m 10m 1 Dm 10Dm 1Hm 10 Hm 1Km The relationship between the units of lengths may be clearly seen if the units are written with a 10 between them. So to find how many small units are equivalent to another, multiply the number of tens between the units, hence: Km 1 Hm 10 Dm 100 M 1000 dm 10000 cm 100000 mm 1000000 Mass 1000 g 1Kg 1000 Kg 1Tonne 1000000 g 1Tonne Volume and Capacity 1 cm3 1 Ml millilitre 3 . 1000 cm3 1 L litre 100 cm3 1 dl decilitre 1 m3 1000 litre 1000000 cm3 1 m3 10 dl 1 Litre 1000ml Time 1 Litre 60 Seconds 1 Minute 60 Minutes 1Hour 3600 Seconds 1 Hour 24 Hours 1 day 7 Days 1 Week Area a Rectangle Area Length x Width A L X W b Square4 . Area Side x Side A S x S A S2 c Parallelogram A base x Height A b x h d Rhombus Area base x height A b x h TriangleArea 1 Traperium Atea 4x sum of paral lnes x heightA 2 eyxh 2z hardy2 Circle, half circle, quarter circle6 .
The diagram below represents a solid whose dimensions are shown. 36 . What is the volume in cm3? A.30000 B.300000 C.3000 D.3000000 Working Volume Area of the Cross-section x length Volume of the top 20 x 10 x 150 30,000cm3 Volume of the bottom 60 x 30 x150 270,000cm3 Whole solid top bottom 30,000 270,000 300,000cm3 The correct answer is B 300 000 3. In the month of October, a farmer delivered 48750kg of maize to a miller. In November the amount of maize delivered was 1850kg more than that of October. The amount delivered in December was 2450kg less than that of November. What was the total mass, in tonnes, was delivered by the farmer in the 3 months? 37 . A.145.65 B. 147.5 C.152.4 D. 150.55 Working October 48750 kg November 48750 1850 kg 50,600 kg December 50,600-2,450 kg 48,150 kg Total mass 48750 50600 48150 147500 1000 tonnes 147.5 tonnes. The correct answer is B 147.5 4. A rectangular tank measures 1.2m by 80cm by 50cm. Water is poured into the tank to a height of 15cm. How many more liters of water are needed to fill the tank? A.144 Working B.14.4 C.33.6 D.336 Capacity of the tank 120 x 80 x 50 480,000cm3 Convert to litres 480,000 1000 480litres Volume of the water poured 120 x 80 x 50 144000cm3 Convert to litres 144000 1000 144 litres Volume of water needed 480 144 366litres. 38 . The correct answer is D 366 5. The diagram below represents a solid triangular prism. What is the volume in cm3? A.2400 B.
58 B. 5.8 C. 6 D. 60 Working Convert decilitres into litres 1 dl litres 5 dl litres 7.5 dl litres 0.75 litres Hence 43 litres 5dl 43.5 litres41 . No of containers 43.5 0.75 58 containers The correct answer is 58 A 10. The figure below shows a cylindrical solid of diameter 28cm and length 20 cm. Asquare hole of side 1.5 cm has been removed. What is the volume of the material in the solid, in 3cm3? A.12320 B. 4500 C 8400 D 7820 Working Volume of solid volume of a cylinder - volume of the square hole x 14 x 14x 20 - 15 x 15 x 20 12320 - 4500 7,820 cm3 The correct answer is D 7,820cm3 42 . 4. MONEY 4.1 Specific Objectives By the end of the unit, the learner should be able to: a Work out problems involving percentage profit and loss b Work out problems involving bills. C Solve problems involving discount, percentage, discount, commission and percentage commission d Work out problems involving hire purchase e Work out problems involving simple interest f Work out problems involving compound interest g Work out problems involving postal charges 4.2 Worked Exercise 1. Mutiso paid sh.330 for an item after the shopkeeper gave him a 12 discount. What was the marked price of the radio? A.sh300 Working B. sh369.60 C. sh375 D. sh350 Marked price 100 Discount 12 S.P 100 - 12 88 If 88 330 100 ? 43 . 100 x 300 Sh375 88 The correct answer is C 375 2. Olang borrowed sh.54000 from a bank which charged interest at the rate of 18 p.a. He repaid the whole loan after 8 months .How much did he pay back? A sh6480 B. sh60, 480 C.sh14580 D.
He repaid the whole loan after 8 months .How much did he pay back? A sh6480 B. sh60, 480 C.sh14580 D. sh77760 Working I PRT 100 54000 x 18 x 8 100 x 12 sh6480 Amount P I 54,000 6,480 shillings Ksh 60, 480 The correct answer is B 3. The cash price of a microwave is sh. 18000. The hire purchase price of the microwave is 20 more than the cash price. Bernice bought it on hire purchase terms by paying 40 of the hire purchase price as the deposit and the balance equal monthly installments of sh1620. How many installments did she pay? A. 12 B. 10 C. 9 D. 8 Working Let the cash price be 100 Hire purchase 100 20 120 of the cash price44 . 120 x 1800 100 sh.21, 600 Deposit 40 of HPP 40 x 21,600 100 sh.8, 640 HPP D MI I HPP - D MI 21600 8640 1620 8 Months The correct answer is D 8 4. Salim deposited sh25000 in a bank which paid compound interest at the rate of 10 per annum. If he withdraws all his money after years, how much interest did his money gain? A. sh5250 B. sh2500 C. sh1375 D. sh387 Working Interest for year 1 I PRT 100 25000 x 10 x 1 100 Sh2500 Amount 25000 250045 . 27,500 Interest for 2nd year I PRT 100 27,500 x 10 x 100 Sh13775 Total interest 2,500 1,375 Sh3875 The correct answer is D Sh 3875 5. Kamaru bought bananas in groups of 20 at sh20 per group. He grouped them into smaller groups of 5 bananas each and sold them at sh10 per group. What percentage profit did he make? A. 40 B. 50 C. 60 D.
40 B. 50 C. 60 D. 70 Working For every 20 bananas sh 25 One group produces 4 smaller groups of 5 bananas each S. P 4x 10 sh40 B.P price sh25 Profit 40 25 sh15 profit P x 100 BP 60 46 . The correct answer is C 60 . 6. A shopkeeper bought 3 trays of eggs at sh 150 per tray. On the way to the shop, he realized 20 of the eggs were broken. He sold the rest at sh 72 per dozen. How much loss did he make? A.sh450 B.sh432 C.sh18 D.sh28 Working B.P for 3 trays 3 x 150 sh450 Number of eggs 3 x 30 90 eggs 20 eggs broke 20 x 90 100 18 eggs broken Therefore remained 90 - 18 eggs 72 eggs 1 dozen 12 eggs ? 72 eggs 6 dozens 1 dozen sh.72 6 dozens ? Loss B.P S.P 450 - 432 sh18 The correct answer is C sh18 47 . 7. A Salesperson earns a basic salary of sh7500 per month. He is also paid a 5 commission on all sales above sh30, 000. In a certain month his total earnings were sh.14250. What was his total sales for that month? A.sh135000 B.sh285000 C. sh165000 D.sh315000 Working Commission sh14250 sh7500 sh6750 5 sh6750 100 ? 100 x 6750 5 Sh. 135,000 Total sales 135,000 30,000 sh165000 The correct answer is C sh 165,000 8. Shiku bought the following items from a shop 6kg of sugar sh45 of tea for sh90 3 kg of rice sh30 2kg of fat sh70 If she used one thousand shillings to pay for the items, what balance did she receive? 48 .
Sh240 Working Two letters 95g Sh35.00 10 . The table below shows postal charges for sending letters; Mass of letter Sh ct Up to 20g 00 25 Over 20g up to 50g 30 00 Over 50g up to 100g 35 00 Over 100g up to 250g 50 00 Over 250g up to 500g 00 85 Over 500g up to 1kg 135 00 Over 1kg up to 2kg 190 00 Namu posted two letters each weighing 95g and another one weighing 450g. How much50 . 95g Sh35 .00 Another 450g Sh85.00 The correct answer is C sh155 51 . 5. TIME, SPEED AND TEMPERATURE 5.1 Specific Objectives By the end of this unit, the learner should be able to: a Work out problems involving time, speed, distance and average speed. B Work out problems involving temperature in degree Celsius. 5.2 Worked Exercise 1. An airplane took 4 hours to fly from Cairo to Zambia. If it landed in Nairobi at Nairobi at 0215 h on Saturday, when did it take off from Cairo? A. Friday 2145 h B. Saturday 2245h C. Friday 2245h D. Saturday 2145 h Working The time the aeroplane took from midnight to 0215h of Saturday 2h 15min The difference 4h 30min 2h 15min is the time the aero plane took on Friday night. Time on Friday night h min 4 30 - 2 15 2 15 2h 15min before midnight Time of takeoff from Cairo h min 24 0052 . -. 2 15 21 45 on Friday The correct answer is A Friday 2145 h 2. A train let Mombasa on Monday at 2125 h and took sixteen and half hours to reach Kisauni. When did the train reach Kisumu? A. Tuesday 1.55 a.m B. Tuesday 1.55 p.m C. Wednesday 1.55 p.m D.
Tuesday 1.55 a.m B. Tuesday 1.55 p.m C. Wednesday 1.55 p.m D. Monday 1:55 a.m Working Monday: from 2125h to midnight 2400h - 2125h 2h 35min Tuesday: Number of hours traveled from midnight 16h 30min - 2h 35 min 13h 55min The train arrived at Kisumu on Tuesday at 1355h This is the same as 1.55p.m The correct answer is B Tuesday 1.55pm 3. A meeting started at quarter to noon. If the meeting lasted for 2 h 35min, what time in 24-h clock system did the meeting end? A. 1320h B. 1420h C. 1310h D. 1410h Working The meeting started at 11.45 Add the meeting time53 . H min 11 45 2 35 14 20 The meeting ended at 1420h The correct answer is B 1420 h 4. A wall clock gains 3 seconds every one hour. The clock was set correct at 1pm on Tuesday. What time was it showing at 1pm on Friday on the following week? Working The number of days from Tuesday 1 pm to Friday 1pm the following week 10days. Number of hours 24 x 10 240 hrs. The clock gains 3 seconds after every hour in ten days. 240 x 3 720 seconds Min 12 min Hence it will show 1 p.m. 12 min 1.12 pm In 24 h clock system 1312h The correct answer is B 1312h 54 . 5. A cyclist traveled from Nairobi to Nyeri for 4h 30min at a speed of 80km h. He drove back to Nairobi taking 4 hours. What is his speed, in km h? A .90 B. 72 C. 80 D. 100 Working Distance speed x time 80 x 4 360 km From Nyeri - Nairobi distance 360km Time taken 4hrs Therefore speed Distance Time 90km h The correct answer is A 90km hr 6. A motorist crosses a bridge at a speed of 25m s.
100km h C. 60km h D. 150 km h Working Total distance from M to N and back 150 x 2 300 km Total time taken From 9.30 - 11.00 1 h 30 min Time spent in town 1 h 50 min Time taken from N to M 1430h 1250h 1h 40min Total time 5 hours Average speed Total distance Total time taken 60km h The correct answer is C 60km h 9. The temperature of an object was 20 C below the freezing point. It was warmed until there was a rise of 40 in temperature. What is the reading in the thermometer? 57 . A. 60 C B. 40C C. 20C D. 20C Working Below freezing point means; - 20 Rose by 40 Therefore - 20 40 20 C The correct answer is C 20 C 6. GEOMETRY 6.1 Specific Objectives By the end of this unit, the learner should be able to: a Construct triangles, b Construct circles touching the three sides of a triangle. C Work out problems using Pythagorean Theorem, d Construct of parallelogram and rhombuses, e Work out problems involving properties of square, rectangles, parallelograms, rhombuses and trapeziums and angles on straight lines, f Recognize and identify triangular and square based pyramids and g Identify nets of pyramids and prisms. Worked Exercise 1. Find the value of x in the following. 58 . Working X 45 50 1800 Angles on a straight lines are supplementary i.e. add up to 1800 X 95 1800 X 850 The value of x 850 2. Find the sum of angle a and angle b in the figure below. 50 0 45 0 x59 . Working Lines AB and C D are transversals Co-interior angles are Therefore 90 b 1800 supplementally Therefore b 180-90 B 900 Angle a 1200 - Corresponding angles Therefore a 1200 Sum of a and b 120 90 210060 . 3.
72,000cm cm 7.2cm If 1cm 10,000cm 55,000cm 55,000 cm 10,000 5.5cm Perimeter. Working 79 . P 2 L W 2 7.2 5.5 25.4 cm The correct answer is C 5. The scale of a map is 1: 50000. What is the length of this map of a road 20km long? A. 40cm B. 400 cm C. 4000 cm D. 4 cm Scale 1 : 50000 means 1cm on the map represents 50000 cm on the ground. 20 km 20 x 1000 x 100 2000000 cm 50,000cm represents 1 cm 2,000,000 represents 2,000,000 50,000 40cm. Working 80 . The correct answer is A 40 cm . 81 . 10. RATIO AND PROPORTION 10.1 Specific Objectives By the end of the unit, the learner should be able to: a Work out problems involving ratio, b Work out problems involving simple direct and indirect proportions and c Compare using ratio. D Sharing using ratio e Increase and decrease quantities using ratio 10.2 Worked Exercise 1. Muraya and Dan each made 126kg of a mixture of maize and beans. Muraya mixed maize and beans in the ratio 4:3 while Dan mixed maize and beans in the ratio 4:3 while Dan mixed maize and beans in the ratio of 5:4. How many more kilograms? A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 6 Working In Muraya s mixture, maize: beans 4:3 maize Ratio of maize x No of kg Total ratio x 126 72 kg In Dan s mixture, maize: beans 5: 4 Maize Ratio of maize x No of kg Total ratio. 82 . X 126 70kg Difference 72 - 70 kg 2kg The correct answer is A 2kg 2.
Sh200 D.Sh192 Working Let the amount Paul got be t.84 .Therefore Elijah got t-120 Therefore t -120 : t 5 : 8 t 120 5 t 8 8t 960 5t 8t 5t 960 3t 960 t sh320 Therefore Paul got sh 320 The correct answer is B sh320 5.A contractor employed 60 men to complete a piece of work in 150 days. How many more days would 50 men take to complete the same work?A.180 B.30 C.40 D.50 Working 60 men take 150 days 1 man take 150x60 days Therefore 50 men will take 150 x 60 days 50 180 days How many more? 180 150 days 30 days The correct answer is B 30 days 6.Eighteen men can finish to dig a piece of land in 45 days. How many days would 15 men take to finish the same piece of land?.85 .A.54 B.25 C.7 D.9 Working 18 men take 45 days 1 man takes 45 x 18 days Therefore 15 men will take 45 x 18 15 54 days The correct answer is A 54 days.
The Pearlby John Steinbeck"In the town they tell the story of the great pearl - how it was found and how it was lost again. They tell of Kino, the fisherman, and of his wife, Juana, and of the baby, Coyotito. And because the story has been told so often, it has taken root in every man's mind. And, as with all retold tales that are in people's hearts, there are only good and bad things and black and white things and good and evil things and no in-between anywhere. If this story is a parable, perhaps everyone takes his own meaning from it and reads his own life into it. In any case, they say in the town that..."IKino awakened in the near dark. The stars still shone and the day had drawn only a pale wash of light in the lower sky to the east. The roosters had been crowing for some time, and the early pigs were already beginning their ceaseless turning of twigs and bits of wood to see whether anything to eat had been overlooked. Outside the brush house in the tuna clump, a covey of little birds chittered and flurried with their wings. Kino's eyes opened, and he looked first at the lightening square which was the door and then he looked at the hanging box where Coyotito slept. And last he turned his head to Juana, his wife, who lay beside him on the mat, her blue head-shawl over her nose and over her breasts and around the small of her back. Juana's eyes were open too. Kino could never remember seeing them closed when he awakened. Her dark eyes made little reflected stars. She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he awakened. Kino heard the little splash of morning waves on the beach. It was very good - Kino closed his eyes again to listen to his music. Perhaps he alone did this and perhaps all of his people did it. His people had once been great makers of songs so that everything they saw or thought or did or heard became a song. That was very long ago. The songs remained; Kino knew them, but no new songs were added. That does not mean that there were no personal songs.
That was very long ago. The songs remained; Kino knew them, but no new songs were added. That does not mean that there were no personal songs. In Kino's head there was a song now, clear and soft, and if he had been able to speak of it, he would have called it the Song of the Family. His blanket was over his nose to protect him from the dank air. His eyes flicked to a rustle beside him. It was Juana arising, almost soundlessly. On her hard bare feet she went to the hanging box where Coyotito slept, and she leaned over and said a little reassuring word. Coyotito looked up for a moment and closed his eyes and slept again. Juana went to the fire pit and uncovered a coal and fanned it alive while she broke little pieces of brush over it. Now Kino got up and wrapped his blanket about his head and nose and shoulders. He slipped his feet into his sandals and went outside to watch the dawn. Outside the door he squatted down and gathered the blanket ends about his knees. He saw the specks of Gulf clouds flame high in the air. And a goat came near and sniffed at him and stared with its cold yellow eyes. Behind him Juanas fire leaped into flame and threw spears of light through the chinks of the brush-house wall and threw a wavering square of light out the door. A late moth blustered in to find the fire. The Song of the Family came now from behind Kino. And the rhythm of the family song was the grinding stone where Juana worked the corn for the morning cakes. The dawn came quickly now, a wash, a glow, a lightness, and then an explosion of fire as the sun arose out of the Gulf. Kino looked down to cover his eyes from the glare. He could hear the pat of the corncakes in the house and the rich smell of them on the cooking plate. The ants were busy on the ground, big black ones with shiny bodies, and little dusty quick ants. Kino watched with the detachment of God while a dusty ant frantically tried to escape the sand trap an ant lion had dug for him. A thin, timid dog came close and, at a soft word from Kino, curled up, arranged its tail neatly over its feet, and laid its chin delicately on the pile. It was a black dog with yellow-gold spots where its eyebrows should have been.
Kino watched with the detachment of God while a dusty ant frantically tried to escape the sand trap an ant lion had dug for him. A thin, timid dog came close and, at a soft word from Kino, curled up, arranged its tail neatly over its feet, and laid its chin delicately on the pile. It was a black dog with yellow-gold spots where its eyebrows should have been. It was a morning like other mornings and yet perfect among mornings. Kino heard the creak of the rope when Juana took Coyotito out of his hanging box and cleaned him and hammocked him in her shawl in a loop that placed him close to her breast. Kino could see these things without looking at them. Juana sang softly an ancient song that had only three notes and yet endless variety of interval. And this was part of the family song too. It was all part. Sometimes it rose to an aching chord that caught the throat, saying this is safety, this is warmth, this is the Whole. Across the brush fence were other brush houses, and the smoke camefrom them too, and the sound of breakfast, but those were other songs, their pigs were other pigs, their wives were not Juana. Kino was young and strong and his black hair hung over his brown forehead. His eyes were warm and fierce and bright and his mustache was thin and coarse. He lowered his blanket from his nose now, for the dark poisonous air was gone and the yellow sunlight fell on the house. Near the brush fence two roosters bowed and feinted at each other with squared wings and neck feathers ruffed out. It would be a clumsy fight. They were not game chickens. Kino watched them for a moment, and then his eyes went up to a flight of wild doves twinkling inland to the hills. The world was awake now, and Kino arose and went into his brush house. As he came through the door Juana stood up from the glowing fire pit. She put Coyotito back in his hanging box and then she combed her black hair and braided it in two braids and tied the ends with thin green ribbon. Kino squatted by the fire pit and rolled a hot corn-cake and dipped it in sauce and ate it. And he drank a little pulque and that was breakfast. That was the only breakfast he had ever known outside of feast days and one incredible fiesta on cookies that had nearly killed him.
Kino squatted by the fire pit and rolled a hot corn-cake and dipped it in sauce and ate it. And he drank a little pulque and that was breakfast. That was the only breakfast he had ever known outside of feast days and one incredible fiesta on cookies that had nearly killed him. When Kino had finished, Juana came back to the fire and ate her breakfast. They had spoken once, but there is not needfor speech if it is only a habit anyway. Kino sighed with satisfaction - and that was conversation. The sun was warming the brush house, breaking through its crevices in long streaks. And one of the streaks fell on the hanging box where Coyotito lay, and on the ropes that held it. It was a tiny movement that drew their eyes to the hanging box. Kino and Juana froze in their positions. Down the rope that hung the baby's box from the roof support a scorpion moved slowly. His stinging tail was straight out behind him, but he could whip it up in a flash of time. Kino's breath whistled in his nostrils and he opened his mouth to stop it. And then the startled look was gone from him and the rigidity from his body. In his mind a new song had come, the Song of Evil, the music of the enemy, of any foe of the family, a savage, secret, dangerous melody, and underneath, the Song of the Family cried plaintively. The scorpion moved delicately down the rope toward the box. Under her breath Juana repeated an ancient magic to guard against such evil, and on top of that she muttered a Hail Mary between clenched teeth. But Kino was in motion. His body glided quietly across the room, noiselessly and smoothly. His hands were in front of him, palms down, and his eyes were on the scorpion. Beneath it in the hanging box Coyotito laughed and reached up his hand toward it. It sensed danger when Kino was almost within reach of it. It stopped, and its tail rose up over its back in little jerks and the curved thorn on the tail's end glistened. Kino stood perfectly still. He could hear Juana whispering the old magic again, and he could hear the evil music of the enemy. He could not move until the scorpion moved, and it felt for the source of the death that was coming to it.
It stopped, and its tail rose up over its back in little jerks and the curved thorn on the tail's end glistened. Kino stood perfectly still. He could hear Juana whispering the old magic again, and he could hear the evil music of the enemy. He could not move until the scorpion moved, and it felt for the source of the death that was coming to it. Kino's hand went forward very slowly, very smoothly. The thorned tail jerked upright. And at that moment the laughing Coyotito shook the rope and the scorpion fell. Kino's hand leaped to catch it, but it fell past his fingers, fell on the baby's shoulder, landed and struck. Then, snarling, Kino had it, had it in his fingers, rubbing it to a paste in his hands. He threw it down and beat it into the earth floor with his fist, and Coyotito screamed with pain in his box. But Kino beat and stamped the enemy until it was only a fragment and a moist place in the dirt. His teeth were bared and fury flared in his eyes and the Song of the Enemy roared in his ears. But Juana had the baby in her arms now. She found the puncture with redness starting from it already. She put her lips down over the puncture and sucked hard and spat and sucked again while Coyotito screamed. Kino hovered; he was helpless, he was in the way. The screams of the baby brought the neighbors. Out of their brush houses they poured - Kino's brother Juan Tom s and his fat wife Apolonia and their four children crowded in the door and blocked the entrance, while behind them others tried to look in, and one small boy crawled among legs to have a look. And those in front passed the word back to those behind - "Scorpion. The baby has been stung. "Juana stopped sucking the puncture for a moment. The little hole was slightly enlarged and its edges whitened from the sucking, but the red swelling extended farther around it in a hard lymphatic mound. And all of these people knew about the scorpion. An adult might be very ill from the sting, but a baby could easily die from the poison. First, they knew, would come swelling and fever and tightened throat, and then cramps in the stomach, and then Coyotito might die if enough of the poison had gone in.

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