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3 aName the method of gas collection used
Over water
Upward delivery
Down ward displacement of water
bWhat property of Oxygen makes it to be collected using the method above
Slightly soluble in water
4 What is the purpose of manganese IV oxide
Manganese IV oxide is catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes slowly to form water and Oxygen gas
A little Manganese IV oxide speeds up the rate of decomposition by reducing the time taken for a given volume of Oxygen to be produced
5 Write the equation for the reaction
Hydrogen peroxide Water Oxygen
2H2O2 aq 2H2O l O2 g
6 Lower a glowing splint slowly into a gas jar containing Oxygen gas State what is observed
The glowing splint relightsrekindles
Oxygen relightsrekindles a glowing splint This is the confirmatory test for the presence of Oxygen gas
Method 1 Using Sodium peroxide
Half fill a troughbasin with tap water Add four drops of phenolphthalein indicator
Place a bee hive shelfstand into the water
Completely fill a gas jar with water and invert in onto the bee hive shelfstand
Clamp a round bottomed flask and set up the apparatus as below
Collect several gas jars of Oxygen covering each sample
Sample observation questions
1 What is observed when water is added
i Into the flask containing sodium peroxide
Rapid effervescencebubblingfizzing
ii Phenolphththalein
Remains colourless Phenolphthalein indicator is colourless in neutral solution
2 Describe the colour and smell of the gas
Colourless and odorless
3aName the method of gas collection used
Over water Oxygen is slightly soluble in water
4 Test the gas by lowering a glowing splint slowly into a gas jar containing the prepared sample
The glowing splint relightsrekindles This confirms the presence of Oxygen gas
5 Write the equation for the reaction
Sodium peroxide Water Sodium hydroxide Oxygen
2Na2O2 aq 2H2O l 4NaOH aq O2 g
1 Test the gas by lowering a glowing splint slowly into a gas jar containing the prepared sample
The glowing splint relightsrekindles
This confirms the presence of Oxygen gas
2 Write the equation for the reaction
Potassium Chlorate V Potassium Chloride Oxygen
2KClO3 aq 2KCl aq 3O2 g
3 What is the purpose of manganese IV oxide
Manganese IV oxide is catalyst
A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction but remain chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
Potassium Chlorate V decomposes slowly to form potassium chloride and Oxygen gas
A little Manganese IV oxide speeds up the rate of decomposition by reducing the time taken for a given volume of Oxygen to be produced
cUses of Oxygen
1 Oxygen is put in cylinders for use where natural supply is not sufficiently enough This is mainly in
iMountain climbingMountaineeringat high altitudes the concentration of airoxygen is low Mountain climbers must therefore carry their own supply of oxygen for breathing
ii Deep sea divingDeep sea divers carry their own supply of Oxygen
iii Saving life in hospitals for patients with breathing problems and during anesthesia
2 A mixture of oxygen and some other gases produces a flame that is very hot
i Oxyacetyleneethyne flame is produced when Ethyneacetylene gas is burnt in pure oxygen The flame has a temperature of about 3000oCIt is used for welding cutting metals
iiOxyhydrogen flame is produced when Hydrogen is burn in pure oxygen The flame has a temperature of about 2000oCIt is used also for welding cutting metals
3 Oxyhydrogen mixture is used as rocket fuel
4 A mixture of charcoal petrol and liquid Oxygen is an explosive
d Chemical properties of Oxygen combustion
Oxygen is a very reactive non metal Many elements react with oxygen through burning to form a group of compounds called Oxides
Burningcombustion is the reaction of Oxygen with an elementsubstances
Reaction in which a substance is added oxygen is called Oxidation reaction Burningcombustion are an example of an oxidation reaction
Most non metals burn in Oxygenair to form an Oxide which in solution dissolved in water is acidic in nature They turn blue litmus redeg Carbon IV oxideCO2 Nitrogen IV oxide NO2 Sulphur IV oxide SO2
Some non metals burn in Oxygenair to form an Oxide which in solution dissolved in water is neutral in nature They dont turn blue or red litmus Eg Carbon II oxideCO Water H2O
All metals burns in Oxygenair to form an Oxide which in solutiondissolved in water is basicalkaline in nature They turn red litmus blueeg
Magnesium oxideMgO Sodium Oxide Na2O Copper II oxideCuO Elementssubstances burn faster in pure Oxygen than in air
Air contains the inactive part of air that slows the rate of burning of substanceselements
iReaction of metals with Oxygenair
The following experiments show the reaction of metals with Oxygen and air
I Burning Magnesium
Procedure
aCut a 2cm length piece of magnesium ribbon Using a pair of tongs introduce it to a Bunsen flame Remove it when it catches fire Observe
Place the products in a beaker containing about 5cm3 of water Test the solutionmixture using litmus papers
bCut another 2cm length piece of magnesium ribbon Using a pair of tongs introduce it to a Bunsen flame When it catches fire lower it slowly into a gas jar containing Oxygen
Place about 5cm3 of water into the gas jar Test the solutionmixture using litmus papers Test the solutionmixture using litmus papers
Observations
aIn air
Magnesium burns with a bright blindening flame in air forming white solidash powder Effervescencebubbles fizzing Pungent smell of urine Blue litmus paper remains blue Red litmus paper turns blue
b In pure Oxygen
Magnesium burns faster with a very bright blindening flame pure oxygen forming white solidash powder No effervescencebubbles fizzing No pungent smell of urine Blue litmus paper remains blue Red litmus paper turns blue
Explanation
Magnesium burns in air producing enough heat energy to react with both Oxygen and Nitrogen to form Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium nitride Both Magnesium Oxide and Magnesium nitride are white solidash powder
Chemical equations
Magnesium Oxygen Magnesium Oxide
2Mgs O2g 2MgOs
Magnesium Nitrogen Magnesium Nitride
3Mgs N2g Mg3N2 s
Magnesium Oxide dissolves in water to form a basicalkaline solution of Magnesium hydroxide
Chemical equations
Magnesium Oxide Water Magnesium hydroxide
2Mgs O2 l 2MgOs
Magnesium Nitride dissolves in water to form a basicalkaline solution of Magnesium hydroxide and producing Ammonia gas Ammonia is also an alkalinebasic gas that has a pungent smell of urine
Chemical equations
Magnesium Nitride Water Magnesium hydroxide Ammonia gas
Mg3N2 s 6H2O l 3Mg OH2 aq 2NH3g
II Burning Sodium
Procedure
aCarefully cut a very small piece of sodium Using a deflagrating spoon introduce it to a Bunsen flame Remove it when it catches fire Observe
Place the products in a beaker containing about 20cm3 of water Test the solutionmixture using litmus papers