ChemicalName stringlengths 3 104 | Definition stringlengths 12 791 |
|---|---|
11-hydroxycorticosteroids | A group of corticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 11-position. |
1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium salt | A colorimetric reagent for iron, manganese, titanium, molybdenum, and complexes of zirconium. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
1,2-dimethylhydrazine | A DNA alkylating agent that has been shown to be a potent carcinogen and is widely used to induce colon tumors in experimental animals. |
1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine | Synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers to study biological membranes. It is also a major constituent of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS. |
12e7 antigen | A cell adhesion molecule that, in humans, is encoded by a gene on the PSEUDOAUTOSOMAL REGION of SEX CHROMOSOMES. It functions in CELL ADHESION of T-LYMPHOCYTES and ROSETTE FORMATION by ERYTHROCYTES. It is also involved in the migration of LEUKOCYTES through the ENDOTHELIUM BASEMENT MEMBRANE. The 12E7 antigen co-localizes with, but functions independently of PECAM-1. |
12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid | A lipoxygenase metabolite of ARACHIDONIC ACID. It is a highly selective ligand used to label mu-opioid receptors in both membranes and tissue sections. The 12-S-HETE analog has been reported to augment tumor cell metastatic potential through activation of protein kinase C. (J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1995; 274(3):1545-51; J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86(15):1145-51) |
14-alpha demethylase inhibitors | Compounds that specifically inhibit STEROL 14-DEMETHYLASE. A variety of azole-derived ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS act through this mechanism. |
15-hydroxy-11 alpha,9 alpha-(epoxymethano)prosta-5,13-dienoic acid | A stable prostaglandin endoperoxide analog which serves as a thromboxane mimetic. Its actions include mimicking the hydro-osmotic effect of VASOPRESSIN and activation of TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;224(1): 108-117; Biochem J 1984;222(1):103-110) |
1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine | A specific protein kinase C inhibitor, which inhibits superoxide release from human neutrophils (PMN) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate or synthetic diacylglycerol. |
16,16-dimethylprostaglandin e2 | A synthetic prostaglandin E analog that protects the gastric mucosa, prevents ulceration, and promotes the healing of peptic ulcers. The protective effect is independent of acid inhibition. It is also a potent inhibitor of pancreatic function and growth of experimental tumors. |
17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone | A 21-carbon steroid that is converted from PREGNENOLONE by STEROID 17-ALPHA-HYDROXYLASE. It is an intermediate in the delta-5 pathway of biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and the adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS. |
17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone | A metabolite of PROGESTERONE with a hydroxyl group at the 17-alpha position. It serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of HYDROCORTISONE and GONADAL STEROID HORMONES. |
17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate | Hydroxyprogesterone derivative that acts as a PROGESTIN and is used to reduce the risk of recurrent MISCARRIAGE and of PREMATURE BIRTH. It is also used in combination with ESTROGEN in the management of MENSTRUATION DISORDERS. |
17-hydroxycorticosteroids | A group of hydroxycorticosteroids bearing a hydroxy group at the 17-position. Urinary excretion of these compounds is used as an index of adrenal function. They are used systemically in the free alcohol form, but with esterification of the hydroxy groups, topical effectiveness is increased. |
17-ketosteroids | Steroids that contain a ketone group at position 17. |
18-hydroxycorticosterone | 11 beta,18,21-Trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione. |
18-hydroxydesoxycorticosterone | An analog of desoxycorticosterone which is substituted by a hydroxyl group at the C-18 position. |
19-iodocholesterol | 19-Iodocholest-5-en-3 beta-ol. A cholesterol derivative usually substituted with radioactive iodine in the 19 position. The compound is an adrenal cortex scanning agent used in the assessment of patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and adrenal remnants following total adrenalectomy. |
1-butanol | A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1. |
1-carboxyglutamic acid | Found in various tissues, particularly in four blood-clotting proteins including prothrombin, in kidney protein, in bone protein, and in the protein present in various ectopic calcifications. |
1-deoxynojirimycin | An alpha-glucosidase inhibitor with antiviral action. Derivatives of deoxynojirimycin may have anti-HIV activity. |
1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine | A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES |
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine | A dopaminergic neurotoxic compound which produces irreversible clinical, chemical, and pathological alterations that mimic those found in Parkinson disease. |
1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium | An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide. |
1-naphthylamine | A suspected industrial carcinogen (and listed as such by OSHA). Its N-hydroxy metabolite is strongly carcinogenic and mutagenic. |
1-naphthylisothiocyanate | A tool for the study of liver damage which causes bile stasis and hyperbilirubinemia acutely and bile duct hyperplasia and biliary cirrhosis chronically, with changes in hepatocyte function. It may cause skin and kidney damage. |
1-octanol | A colorless, slightly viscous liquid used as a defoaming or wetting agent. It is also used as a solvent for protective coatings, waxes, and oils, and as a raw material for plasticizers. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed) |
1-propanol | A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate. |
1-sarcosine-8-isoleucine angiotensin ii | An ANGIOTENSIN II analog which acts as a highly specific inhibitor of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. |
2019-ncov vaccine mrna-1273 | mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, developed by Moderna. |
20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone | A biologically active 20-alpha-reduced metabolite of PROGESTERONE. It is converted from progesterone to 20-alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one by the 20-ALPHA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE in the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. |
2,2'-dipyridyl | A reagent used for the determination of iron. |
2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1h-3-benzazepine | A selective D1 dopamine receptor agonist used primarily as a research tool. |
2,3-diketogulonic acid | Metabolite of ASCORBIC ACID and the oxidized form of the lactone DEHYDROASCORBIC ACID. |
2,3-diphosphoglycerate | A highly anionic organic phosphate which is present in human red blood cells at about the same molar ratio as hemoglobin. It binds to deoxyhemoglobin but not the oxygenated form, therefore diminishing the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin. This is essential in enabling hemoglobin to unload oxygen in tissue capillaries. It is also an intermediate in the conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 5.4.2.1). (From Stryer Biochemistry, 4th ed, p160; Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p508) |
24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 | A physiologically active metabolite of VITAMIN D. The compound is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism, alkaline phosphatase activity, and enhancing the calcemic effect of CALCITRIOL. |
2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid | An herbicide with strong irritant properties. Use of this compound on rice fields, orchards, sugarcane, rangeland, and other noncrop sites was terminated by the EPA in 1985. (From Merck Index, 11th ed) |
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | An herbicide with irritant effects on the eye and the gastrointestinal system. |
2,4-dinitrophenol | A toxic dye, chemically related to trinitrophenol (picric acid), used in biochemical studies of oxidative processes where it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation. It is also used as a metabolic stimulant. (Stedman, 26th ed) |
25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 | 9,10-Secoergosta-5,7,10(19),22-tetraene-3,25-diol. Biologically active metabolite of vitamin D2 which is more active in curing rickets than its parent. The compound is believed to attach to the same receptor as vitamin D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. |
2,6-dichloroindophenol | A dye used as a reagent in the determination of vitamin C. |
2-acetylaminofluorene | A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines. |
2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate | The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors. |
2-aminoadipic acid | A metabolite in the principal biochemical pathway of lysine. It antagonizes neuroexcitatory activity modulated by the glutamate receptor, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE; (NMDA). |
2-aminopurine | A purine that is an isomer of ADENINE (6-aminopurine). |
2-chloroadenosine | 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system. |
2h-benzo(a)quinolizin-2-ol, 2-ethyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-3-isobutyl-9,10-dimethoxy- | Proposed catecholamine depletor. |
2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide | A chemical reagent that reacts with and modifies chemically the tryptophan portion of protein molecules. Used for 'active site' enzyme studies and other protein studies. Sometimes referred to as Koshland's reagent. |
2-hydroxyphenethylamine | Simple amine found in the brain. It may be modulator of sympathetic functions. Its derivatives are adrenergic agonists and antagonists. It is also used in chemical industry. |
2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin | Derivative of beta-cyclodextrin that is used as an excipient for steroid drugs and as a lipid chelator. |
2-methoxyestradiol | A metabolite of estradiol that lacks estrogenic activity and inhibits TUBULIN polymerization. It has antineoplastic properties, including inhibition of angiogenesis and induction of APOPTOSIS. |
2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid | A powerful herbicide used as a selective weed killer. |
2-naphthylamine | A naphthalene derivative with carcinogenic action. |
2-propanol | An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic. |
2-pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles | Compounds that contain benzimidazole joined to a 2-methylpyridine via a sulfoxide linkage. Several of the compounds in this class are ANTI-ULCER AGENTS that act by inhibiting the POTASSIUM HYDROGEN ATPASE found in the PROTON PUMP of GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. |
3,3'-diaminobenzidine | A chemically and thermodynamically stable derivative of BENZIDINE. |
3,3'-dichlorobenzidine | A material used in the manufacture of azo dyes that is toxic to skin and carcinogenic in several species. |
3,4-dichloro-n-methyl-n-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-isomer | A non-peptide, kappa-opioid receptor agonist which has also been found to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropin (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) via the release of hypothalamic arginine vasopressin (ARGININE VASOPRESSIN) and CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. (From J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997;280(1):416-21) |
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid | A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA. |
3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine | An amphetamine derivative that inhibits uptake of catecholamine neurotransmitters. It is a hallucinogen. It is less toxic than its methylated derivative but in sufficient doses may still destroy serotonergic neurons and has been used for that purpose experimentally. |
3-deazauridine | 4-Hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-2-pyridinone. Analog of uridine lacking a ring-nitrogen in the 3-position. Functions as an antineoplastic agent. |
3-hydroxyanthranilic acid | An oxidation product of tryptophan metabolism. It may be a free radical scavenger and a carcinogen. |
3-hydroxybutyric acid | BUTYRIC ACID substituted in the beta or 3 position. It is one of the ketone bodies produced in the liver. |
3-iodobenzylguanidine | A guanidine analog with specific affinity for tissues of the sympathetic nervous system and related tumors. The radiolabeled forms are used as antineoplastic agents and radioactive imaging agents. (Merck Index, 12th ed) MIBG serves as a neuron-blocking agent which has a strong affinity for, and retention in, the adrenal medulla and also inhibits ADP-ribosyltransferase. |
3-mercaptopropionic acid | An inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase. It decreases the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID concentration in the brain, thereby causing convulsions. |
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethanol | Metabolite of serotonin and norepinephrine. |
3-o-methylglucose | A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504) |
3-pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, methyl ester | A dihydropyridine derivative, which, in contrast to NIFEDIPINE, functions as a calcium channel agonist. The compound facilitates Ca2+ influx through partially activated voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, thereby causing vasoconstrictor and positive inotropic effects. It is used primarily as a research tool. |
4-1bb ligand | A membrane bound member of the TNF superfamily that is expressed on activated B-LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; and DENDRITIC CELLS. The ligand is specific for the 4-1BB RECEPTOR and may play a role in inducing the proliferation of activated peripheral blood T-LYMPHOCYTES. |
4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone | Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases. |
4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid | An inhibitor of anion conductance including band 3-mediated anion transport. |
4,5-dihydro-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-1h-pyrazol-3-amine | A dual inhibitor of both cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. It exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the formation of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The drug also enhances pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction and has a protective effect after myocardial ischemia. |
4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid | A non-penetrating amino reagent (commonly called SITS) which acts as an inhibitor of anion transport in erythrocytes and other cells. |
4-aminobenzoic acid | An aminobenzoic acid isomer that combines with pteridine and GLUTAMIC ACID to form FOLIC ACID. The fact that 4-aminobenzoic acid absorbs light throughout the UVB range has also resulted in its use as an ingredient in SUNSCREENS. |
4-aminopyridine | One of the POTASSIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS with secondary effect on calcium currents which is used mainly as a research tool and to characterize channel subtypes. |
4-butyrolactone | One of the FURANS with a carbonyl thereby forming a cyclic lactone. It is an endogenous compound made from gamma-aminobutyrate and is the precursor of gamma-hydroxybutyrate. It is also used as a pharmacological agent and solvent. |
4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan | A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase. |
4-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate | A cytotoxic sulfhydryl reagent that inhibits several subcellular metabolic systems and is used as a tool in cellular physiology. |
4-hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide | A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage. |
4-hydroxycoumarins | Substances found in many plants, containing the 4-hydroxycoumarin radical. They interfere with vitamin K and the blood clotting mechanism, are tightly protein-bound, inhibit mitochondrial and microsomal enzymes, and are used as oral anticoagulants. |
(4-(m-chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium chloride | A drug that selectively activates certain subclasses of muscarinic receptors and also activates postganglionic nicotinic receptors. It is commonly used experimentally to distinguish muscarinic receptor subtypes. |
4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide | A potent mutagen and carcinogen. This compound and its metabolite 4-HYDROXYAMINOQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE bind to nucleic acids. It inactivates bacteria but not bacteriophage. |
4-quinolones | QUINOLONES containing a 4-oxo (a carbonyl in the para position to the nitrogen). They inhibit the A subunit of DNA GYRASE and are used as antimicrobials. Second generation 4-quinolones are also substituted with a 1-piperazinyl group at the 7-position and a fluorine at the 6-position. |
5,6-dihydroxytryptamine | Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 6. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacologic research. |
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine | Tryptamine substituted with two hydroxyl groups in positions 5 and 7. It is a neurotoxic serotonin analog that destroys serotonergic neurons preferentially and is used in neuropharmacology as a tool. |
5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid | A 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acid containing 4 alkyne bonds. It inhibits the enzymatic conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins E(2) and F(2a). |
5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone | A biologically active 5-alpha-reduced metabolite of plasma PROGESTERONE. It is the immediate precursor of 5-alpha-pregnan-3-alpha-ol-20-one (ALLOPREGNANOLONE), a neuroactive steroid that binds with GABA(A) RECEPTOR. |
5-alpha reductase inhibitors | Drugs that inhibit 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. They are commonly used to reduce the production of DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE. |
5-amino-3-((5-nitro-2-furyl)vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazole | A nitrovinyl furan used as a schistosomicidal agent and proposed for trypanosomiasis, especially Chagas disease. |
5-hydroxytryptophan | The immediate precursor in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN from tryptophan. It is used as an antiepileptic and antidepressant. |
5-lipoxygenase-activating protein inhibitors | Compounds that bind to and inhibit the action of 5-LIPOXYGENASE-ACTIVATING PROTEINS. |
5-methoxypsoralen | A linear furanocoumarin that has phototoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, with effects similar to METHOXSALEN. It is used in PUVA THERAPY for the treatment of PSORIASIS. |
5-methoxytryptamine | Serotonin derivative proposed as potentiator for hypnotics and sedatives. |
5-methylcytosine | A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base. |
6-aminonicotinamide | A vitamin antagonist which has teratogenic effects. |
6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione | A potent excitatory amino acid antagonist with a preference for non-NMDA iontropic receptors. It is used primarily as a research tool. |
6-ketoprostaglandin f1 alpha | The physiologically active and stable hydrolysis product of EPOPROSTENOL. Found in nearly all mammalian tissue. |
7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide | 7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity. |
8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid | A 20-carbon-chain fatty acid, unsaturated at positions 8, 11, and 14. It differs from arachidonic acid, 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid, only at position 5. |
8-bromo cyclic adenosine monophosphate | A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.