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What is the definition of voyeurism? | A paraphilia characterized by repetitive looking at unsuspecting people, usually strangers, who are either naked, in the act of disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity, as the method for achieving sexual excitement. |
What is the definition of vulvar diseases? | Pathological processes of the VULVA. |
What is the definition of vulvar lichen sclerosus? | Atrophy and shriveling of the SKIN of the VULVA that is characterized by the whitish LICHEN SCLEROSUS appearance, inflammation, and PRURITUS. |
What is the definition of vulvar neoplasms? | Tumors or cancer of the VULVA. |
What is the definition of vulvar vestibulitis? | Inflammation of the vulvar vestibular region at the entrance of the VAGINA, generally involving surface mucosa and submucosal vestibular glands. It is characterized by ERYTHEMA and chronic recurrent pain in this area. |
What is the definition of vulvitis? | Inflammation of the VULVA. It is characterized by PRURITUS and painful urination. |
What is the definition of vulvodynia? | Complex pain syndrome with unknown etiology, characterized by constant or intermittent generalized vulva pain (Generalized vulvodynia) or localized burning sensations in the VESTIBULE area when pressure is applied (Vestibulodynia, or Vulvar Vestibulitis Syndrome). Typically, vulvar tissue with vulvodynia appears normal... |
What is the definition of vulvovaginitis? | Inflammation of the VULVA and the VAGINA, characterized by discharge, burning, and PRURITUS. |
What is the definition of waardenburg syndrome? | Rare, autosomal dominant disease with variable penetrance and several known clinical types. Characteristics may include depigmentation of the hair and skin, congenital deafness, heterochromia iridis, medial eyebrow hyperplasia, hypertrophy of the nasal root, and especially dystopia canthorum. The underlying cause may b... |
What is the definition of wagr syndrome? | A contiguous gene syndrome associated with hemizygous deletions of chromosome region 11p13. The condition is marked by the combination of WILMS TUMOR; ANIRIDIA; GENITOURINARY ABNORMALITIES; and INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. |
What is the definition of waldenstrom macroglobulinemia? | A lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by pleomorphic B-LYMPHOCYTES including PLASMA CELLS, with increased levels of monoclonal serum IMMUNOGLOBULIN M. There is lymphoplasmacytic cells infiltration into bone marrow and often other tissues, also known as lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Clinical features include ANEMIA... |
What is the definition of walker-warburg syndrome? | Rare autosomal recessive lissencephaly type 2 associated with congenital MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and eye anomalies (e.g., RETINAL DETACHMENT; CATARACT; MICROPHTHALMOS). It is often associated with additional brain malformations such as HYDROCEPHALY and cerebellar hypoplasia and is the most severe form of the group of relate... |
What is the definition of wallerian degeneration? | Degeneration of distal aspects of a nerve axon following injury to the cell body or proximal portion of the axon. The process is characterized by fragmentation of the axon and its MYELIN SHEATH. |
What is the definition of wandering spleen? | A congenital or acquired condition in which the SPLEEN is not in its normal anatomical position but moves about in the ABDOMEN. This is due to laxity or absence of suspensory ligaments which normally provide peritoneal attachments to keep the SPLEEN in a fixed position. Clinical symptoms include ABDOMINAL PAIN, splenic... |
What is the definition of warburg effect, oncologic? | An observation in neoplastic cellular transformation, characterized by an increased glucose uptake via glycolytic activities resulting in an increased LACTATE production under aerobic microenvironment. |
What is the definition of war-related injuries? | WOUNDS and INJURIES and PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA sustained during WAR. |
What is the definition of warts? | Benign epidermal proliferations or tumors; some are viral in origin. |
What is the definition of wasting disease, chronic? | A transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (prion disease) of DEER and elk characterized by chronic weight loss leading to death. It is thought to spread by direct contact between animals or through environmental contamination with the prion protein (PRIONS). |
What is the definition of wasting syndrome? | A condition of involuntary weight loss of greater then 10% of baseline body weight. It is characterized by atrophy of muscles and depletion of lean body mass. Wasting is a sign of MALNUTRITION as a result of inadequate dietary intake, malabsorption, or hypermetabolism. |
What is the definition of waterborne diseases? | Illnesses due to micro-organisms and chemicals in drinking water, those caused by organisms having part of their lifecycle in water or those with water-related vectors, and others spread by aerosols containing pathogens. |
What is the definition of water-electrolyte imbalance? | Disturbances in the body's WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE. |
What is the definition of waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome? | A condition of HEMORRHAGE and NECROSIS of the ADRENAL GLAND. It is characterized by rapidly developing ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; HYPOTENSION; and widespread cutaneous PURPURA. |
What is the definition of water intoxication? | A condition resulting from the excessive retention of water with sodium depletion. |
What is the definition of weight cycling? | Repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight gain. |
What is the definition of weight gain? | Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight. |
What is the definition of weight loss? | Decrease in existing BODY WEIGHT. |
What is the definition of weil disease? | A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE. |
What is the definition of weill-marchesani syndrome? | Rare congenital disorder of connective tissue characterized by brachydactyly, joint stiffness, childhood onset of ocular abnormalities (e.g., microspherophakia, ECTOPIA LENTIS; GLAUCOMA), and proportionate short stature. Cardiovascular anomalies are occasionally seen. |
What is the definition of werner syndrome? | An autosomal recessive disorder that causes premature aging in adults, characterized by sclerodermal skin changes, cataracts, subcutaneous calcification, muscular atrophy, a tendency to diabetes mellitus, aged appearance of the face, baldness, and a high incidence of neoplastic disease. |
What is the definition of wernicke encephalopathy? | An acute neurological disorder characterized by the triad of ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and disturbances of mental activity or consciousness. Eye movement abnormalities include nystagmus, external rectus palsies, and reduced conjugate gaze. THIAMINE DEFICIENCY and chronic ALCOHOLISM are associated conditions. Pathologic ... |
What is the definition of west nile fever? | A mosquito-borne viral illness caused by the WEST NILE VIRUS, a FLAVIVIRUS and endemic to regions of Africa, Asia, and Europe. Common clinical features include HEADACHE; FEVER; maculopapular rash; gastrointestinal symptoms; and lymphadenopathy. MENINGITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; and MYELITIS may also occur. The disease may occa... |
What is the definition of wet macular degeneration? | A form of RETINAL DEGENERATION in which abnormal CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION occurs under the RETINA and MACULA LUTEA, causing bleeding and leaking of fluid. This leads to bulging and or lifting of the macula and the distortion or destruction of central vision. |
What is the definition of wheat hypersensitivity? | Allergic reaction to wheat that is triggered by the immune system. |
What is the definition of whiplash injuries? | Hyperextension injury to the neck, often the result of being struck from behind by a fast-moving vehicle, in an automobile accident. (From Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992) |
What is the definition of whipple disease? | A chronic systemic infection by a gram-positive bacterium, Tropheryma whippelii, mainly affecting the SMALL INTESTINE but also the JOINTS; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The disease is characterized by fat deposits in the INTESTINAL MUCOSA and LYMPH NODES, malabsorption, DIARRHEA with fatty stoo... |
What is the definition of white coat hypertension? | Phenomenon where BLOOD PRESSURE readings are elevated only when taken in clinical settings. |
What is the definition of white dot syndromes? | A group of idiopathic multifocal posterior uveitis syndromes involving the CHOROID; RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM; and RETINA. They are characterized by multiple lesions of hypoautofluorescent dots in the FUNDUS OCULI and reduced VISUAL ACUITY. Several entities including BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY are HLA-A ANTIGENS serot... |
What is the definition of white heifer disease? | A congenital reproductive abnormality in white female offspring (heifers) in certain breeds of CATTLE, such as Belgian Blue and Shorthorn. The white color is inherited as a recessive trait which is associated with defects in the female reproductive tract (Muellerian system). These heifers are usually sterile. |
What is the definition of white muscle disease? | A myodegeneration most frequent in calves and lambs whose dams have been fed during gestation or longer on feeds, especially legumes (FABACEAE), grown in certain areas where selenium is either deficient or unavailable in the soil. It has been recorded in many countries. It has been produced experimentally in several sp... |
What is the definition of whooping cough? | A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath. |
What is the definition of williams syndrome? | A disorder caused by hemizygous microdeletion of about 28 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, including the ELASTIN gene. Clinical manifestations include SUPRAVALVULAR AORTIC STENOSIS; MENTAL RETARDATION; elfin facies; impaired visuospatial constructive abilities; and transient HYPERCALCEMIA in infancy. The condition affects ... |
What is the definition of wilms tumor? | A malignant kidney tumor, caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of renal stem (blastemal), stromal (STROMAL CELLS), and epithelial (EPITHELIAL CELLS) elements. However, not all three are present in every case. Several genes or chromosomal areas have been associated with Wilms tumor which is usually found in childho... |
What is the definition of wiskott-aldrich syndrome? | A rare, X-linked immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by ECZEMA; LYMPHOPENIA; and, recurrent pyogenic infection. It is seen exclusively in young boys. Typically, IMMUNOGLOBULIN M levels are low and IMMUNOGLOBULIN A and IMMUNOGLOBULIN E levels are elevated. Lymphoreticular malignancies are common. |
What is the definition of wissler's syndrome? | A rheumatic syndrome of possibly allergic origin, usually affecting children and adolescents, and characterized by high fever, exanthema, arthralgia, leukocytosis, and increased sedimentation rate. |
What is the definition of wolff-parkinson-white syndrome? | A form of ventricular pre-excitation characterized by a short PR interval and a long QRS interval with a delta wave. In this syndrome, atrial impulses are abnormally conducted to the HEART VENTRICLES via an ACCESSORY CONDUCTING PATHWAY that is located between the wall of the right or left atria and the ventricles, also... |
What is the definition of wolf-hirschhorn syndrome? | A syndrome caused by large deletions of the telomereic end of the short arm of CHROMOSOME 4 (4p) in Wolf-Hirchhorn syndrome critial regions (WHSCRs). Several candidate genes have been identified including WHSC1 and WHSCH2 which appear to be responsible for the core phenotype and in combination with other linked and unl... |
What is the definition of wolfram syndrome? | A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolfr... |
What is the definition of wolman disease? | The severe infantile form of inherited lysosomal lipid storage diseases due to deficiency of acid lipase (STEROL ESTERASE). It is characterized by the accumulation of neutral lipids, particularly CHOLESTEROL ESTERS in leukocytes, fibroblasts, and hepatocytes. It is also known as Wolman's xanthomatosis and is an allelic... |
What is the definition of wound infection? | Invasion of a wound by pathogenic microorganisms. |
What is the definition of wounds and injuries? | Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity. |
What is the definition of wounds, gunshot? | Disruption of structural continuity of the body as a result of the discharge of firearms. |
What is the definition of wounds, nonpenetrating? | Injuries caused by impact with a blunt object where there is no penetration of the skin. |
What is the definition of wounds, penetrating? | Wounds caused by objects penetrating the skin. |
What is the definition of wounds, stab? | Penetrating wounds caused by a pointed object. |
What is the definition of wrist fractures? | Fractures of the CARPAL BONES, the distal ULNA and/or RADIUS at the WRIST. |
What is the definition of wrist injuries? | Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint. |
What is the definition of xanthogranuloma, juvenile? | Benign disorder of infants and children caused by proliferation of HISTIOCYTES, macrophages found in tissues. These histiocytes, usually lipid-laden non-Langerhans cells, form multiple yellow-red nodules most often in the skin, the eye, and sometimes in the viscera. Patients appear to have normal lipid metabolism and a... |
What is the definition of xanthomatosis? | A condition marked by the development of widespread xanthomas, yellow tumor-like structures filled with lipid deposits. Xanthomas can be found in a variety of tissues including the SKIN; TENDONS; joints of KNEES and ELBOWS. Xanthomatosis is associated with disturbance of LIPID METABOLISM and formation of FOAM CELLS. |
What is the definition of xanthomatosis, cerebrotendinous? | An autosomal recessive lipid storage disorder due to mutation of the gene CYP27A1 encoding a CHOLESTANETRIOL 26-MONOOXYGENASE. It is characterized by large deposits of CHOLESTEROL and CHOLESTANOL in various tissues resulting in xanthomatous swelling of tendons, early CATARACT, and progressive neurological symptoms. |
What is the definition of xeroderma pigmentosum? | A rare, pigmentary, and atrophic autosomal recessive disease. It is manifested as an extreme photosensitivity to ULTRAVIOLET RAYS as the result of a deficiency in the enzyme that permits excisional repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA. |
What is the definition of xerophthalmia? | Dryness of the eye surfaces caused by deficiency of tears or conjunctival secretions. It may be associated with vitamin A deficiency, trauma, or any condition in which the eyelids do not close completely. |
What is the definition of xerostomia? | Decreased salivary flow. |
What is the definition of x-linked combined immunodeficiency diseases? | Forms of combined immunodeficiency caused by mutations in the gene for INTERLEUKIN RECEPTOR COMMON GAMMA SUBUNIT. Both severe and non-severe subtypes of the disease have been identified. |
What is the definition of x-linked emery-dreifuss muscular dystrophy? | Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy associated with mutations on emerin (EMD gene) or four and a half LIM domains 1 (FHL1 gene) both located on X chromosome. |
What is the definition of x-linked intellectual disability? | A class of genetic disorders resulting in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY that is associated either with mutations of GENES located on the X CHROMOSOME or aberrations in the structure of the X chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS). |
What is the definition of xyy karyotype? | Abnormal genetic constitution in males characterized by an extra Y chromosome. |
What is the definition of yang deficiency? | In the YIN-YANG system of philosophy and medicine, a lack of vital energy (called yangxu in Chinese). It manifests itself in various systemic and organic diseases. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979) |
What is the definition of yaws? | A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM subspecies pertenue. |
What is the definition of yellow fever? | An acute infectious disease primarily of the tropics, caused by a virus and transmitted to man by mosquitoes of the genera Aedes and Haemagogus. The severe form is characterized by fever, HEMOLYTIC JAUNDICE, and renal damage. |
What is the definition of yellow nail syndrome? | A rare condition characterized by the presence of yellow nails, LYMPHEDEMA, and/or PLEURAL EFFUSION with respiratory tract involvement. Abnormal lymphatic network may play a role in its etiology. Occasionally inherited, yellow nail syndrome mostly is sporadic without apparent family history. |
What is the definition of yersinia infections? | Infections with bacteria of the genus YERSINIA. |
What is the definition of yersinia pseudotuberculosis infections? | Infections with bacteria of the species YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS. |
What is the definition of yin deficiency? | In the YIN-YANG system of philosophy and medicine, an insufficiency of body fluid (called yinxu), manifesting often as irritability, thirst, constipation, etc. (The Pinyin Chinese-English Dictionary, 1979). |
What is the definition of zellweger syndrome? | An autosomal recessive disorder due to defects in PEROXISOME biogenesis which involves more than 13 genes encoding peroxin proteins of the peroxisomal membrane and matrix. Zellweger syndrome is typically seen in the neonatal period with features such as dysmorphic skull; MUSCLE HYPOTONIA; SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS; vi... |
What is the definition of zenker diverticulum? | A DIVERTICULUM at the upper end of the ESOPHAGUS through the cricopharyngeal muscle at the junction of the PHARYNX and the esophagus. |
What is the definition of zika virus infection? | A viral disease transmitted by the bite of AEDES mosquitoes infected with ZIKA VIRUS. Its mild DENGUE-like symptoms include fever, rash, headaches and ARTHRALGIA. The viral infection during pregnancy, in rare cases, is associated with congenital brain and ocular abnormalities, called Congenital Zika Syndrome, including... |
What is the definition of zollinger-ellison syndrome? | A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1. |
What is the definition of zoonoses? | Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals. |
What is the definition of zoster sine herpete? | HERPES ZOSTER but without eruption of vesicles. Patients exhibit the characteristic pain minus the skin rash, sometimes making diagnosis difficult. |
What is the definition of zygomatic fractures? | Fractures of the zygoma. |
What is the definition of zygomycosis? | Infection in humans and animals caused by fungi in the class Zygomycetes. It includes MUCORMYCOSIS and entomophthoramycosis. The latter is a tropical infection of subcutaneous tissue or paranasal sinuses caused by fungi in the order Entomophthorales. Phycomycosis, closely related to zygomycosis, describes infection wit... |
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