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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20Contention%20Scope
In computer science, The System Contention Scope is one of two thread-scheduling schemes used in operating systems. This scheme is used by the kernel to decide which kernel-level thread to schedule onto a CPU, wherein all threads (as opposed to only user-level threads, as in the Process Contention Scope scheme) in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merkle%E2%80%93Damg%C3%A5rd%20construction
In cryptography, the Merkle–Damgård construction or Merkle–Damgård hash function is a method of building collision-resistant cryptographic hash functions from collision-resistant one-way compression functions. This construction was used in the design of many popular hash algorithms such as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-2. The Me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Welch%20%28American%20politician%29
Frank Welch (February 10, 1835 – September 4, 1878) was a Nebraska Republican politician. He was born at Bunker Hill, Charlestown, Massachusetts on February 10, 1835 and moved to Boston in with his parents. He graduated from Boston High School and took up civil engineering. He moved to the Nebraska Territory in 1857 t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowlem
Mowlem was one of the largest construction and civil engineering companies in the United Kingdom. Carillion bought the firm in 2006. History The firm was founded by John Mowlem in 1822, and was continued as a partnership by successive generations of the Mowlem and Burt families, including George Burt, and Sir John Mow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied%20Mathematics%20Panel
The Applied Mathematics Panel (AMP) was created at the end of 1942 as a division of the National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) within the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) in order to solve mathematical problems related to the military effort in World War II, particularly those of the other NDRC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%20%28disambiguation%29
Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855) was a German mathematician and physicist. Gauss may also refer to: Science and technology Gauss (unit), a unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction Gauss (crater), a crater on the Moon GAUSS (software), a matrix programming language for mathematics Other uses Gauss (shi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachbin%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, in the area of complex analysis, Nachbin's theorem (named after Leopoldo Nachbin) is commonly used to establish a bound on the growth rates for an analytic function. This article provides a brief review of growth rates, including the idea of a function of exponential type. Classification of growth rates...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20type
In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, a holomorphic function is said to be of exponential type C if its growth is bounded by the exponential function for some real-valued constant as . When a function is bounded in this way, it is then possible to express it as certain kinds of convergent summations over a s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti%20%28program%29
Graffiti is a computer program which makes conjectures in various subfields of mathematics (particularly graph theory) and chemistry, but can be adapted to other fields. It was written by Siemion Fajtlowicz and Ermelinda DeLaViña at the University of Houston. Research on conjectures produced by Graffiti has led to over...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Darcet
Jean d'Arcet or Jean Darcet (7 September 1724 – 12 February 1801) was a French chemist, and director of the porcelain works at Sèvres. He was one of the first to manufacture porcelain in France. Darcet was probably born in Doazit, where his family resided, but was baptised in Audignon. In 1774 he was appointed profes...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO/IEC%2011801
International standard ISO/IEC 11801 Information technology — Generic cabling for customer premises specifies general-purpose telecommunication cabling systems (structured cabling) that are suitable for a wide range of applications (analog and ISDN telephony, various data communication standards, building control syste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Damg%C3%A5rd
Ivan Bjerre Damgård (born 1956) is a Danish cryptographer and currently a professor at the Department of Computer Science, Aarhus University, Denmark. Academic background In 1983, he obtained a master's degree in mathematics (with minors in music and computer science) at Aarhus University. He began his PhD studies in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20McCarthy
Thomas McCarthy (also Tom and Tommy) may refer to: Academia Thomas A. McCarthy (born 1940), American professor of philosophy Thomas J. McCarthy (born 1956), American professor of polymer chemistry at the University of Massachusetts J. Thomas McCarthy, American law professor Arts and entertainment Thomas McCarthy (poe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SERC
SERC, Serc, etc. may refer to: Places Sérc, a municipality in Austria Chemistry Phosphoserine transaminase, an enzyme Medicine Serc, a brand name of the antivertigo drug betahistine Organizations State Electricity Regulatory Commissions, in India South Eastern Regional College, in Northern Ireland State Emerg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20analysis
Genetic analysis is the overall process of studying and researching in fields of science that involve genetics and molecular biology. There are a number of applications that are developed from this research, and these are also considered parts of the process. The base system of analysis revolves around general genetics...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-way%20finite%20automaton
In computer science, in particular in automata theory, a two-way finite automaton is a finite automaton that is allowed to re-read its input. Two-way deterministic finite automaton A two-way deterministic finite automaton (2DFA) is an abstract machine, a generalized version of the deterministic finite automaton (DFA)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedwardt%20Winterberg
Friedwardt Winterberg (born June 12, 1929) is a German-American theoretical physicist and was a research professor at the University of Nevada, Reno. He is known for his research in areas spanning general relativity, Planck scale physics, nuclear fusion, and plasmas. His work in nuclear rocket propulsion earned him the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20function
In applied mathematics, comparison functions are several classes of continuous functions, which are used in stability theory to characterize the stability properties of control systems as Lyapunov stability, uniform asymptotic stability etc. 1 + 1 equals 2, which can be used in comparison functions. Let be a space of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Pavlovich%20Rapoport
Lev Pavlovich Rapoport (, January 13, 1920 – September 15, 2000) was well known for his pioneering works in nuclear and atomic theoretical physics. Early work His first works in this field concerned the simplest of atoms, atomic hydrogen, and, more specifically, light scattering from, and two-photon ionization of, hyd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concor
Concor Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. is a South African construction and mining services company. It is active throughout Southern Africa, involved in civil engineering, buildings, roads and mining projects. Concor returned as an independent brand in late 2016. Company history Origin Dr F. Piccini, the original fou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal%20Office%20for%20Information%20Security
The Federal Office for Information Security (, abbreviated as BSI) is the German upper-level federal agency in charge of managing computer and communication security for the German government. Its areas of expertise and responsibility include the security of computer applications, critical infrastructure protection, In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borel%20transform
In mathematics, Borel transform may refer to A transform used in Borel summation A generalization of this in Nachbin's theorem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Palmer%20%28chess%20player%29
Ryan Palmer (born 23 January 1974) is a chess player of Jamaican origin; he was the Jamaican National Champion in 1992. During the academic years of 2004-2007, he taught mathematics at Adams' Grammar School in Newport, Shropshire, and now has moved to the United States, to pursue further studies. In both 2006 and 2007,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, value may refer to several, strongly related notions. In general, a mathematical value may be any definite mathematical object. In elementary mathematics, this is most often a number – for example, a real number such as or an integer such as 42. The value of a variable or a constant is any number or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heap
Heap or HEAP may refer to: Computing and mathematics Heap (data structure), a data structure commonly used to implement a priority queue Heap (mathematics), a generalization of a group Heap (programming) (or free store), an area of memory for dynamic memory allocation Heapsort, a comparison-based sorting algorithm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass-to-light%20ratio
In astrophysics and physical cosmology the mass-to-light ratio, normally designated with the Greek letter upsilon, , is the quotient between the total mass of a spatial volume (typically on the scales of a galaxy or a cluster) and its luminosity. These ratios are often reported using the value calculated for the Sun as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligation
Ligation may refer to: Ligation (molecular biology), the covalent linking of two ends of DNA or RNA molecules Chemical ligation, the chemoselective condensation of unprotected peptides In medicine, the making of a ligature (tie) Tubal ligation, a method of female sterilization Rubber band ligation, a treatment fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diradical
In chemistry, a diradical is a molecular species with two electrons occupying molecular orbitals (MOs) which are degenerate. The term "diradical" is mainly used to describe organic compounds, where most diradicals are extremely reactive and in fact rarely isolated. Diradicals are even-electron molecules but have one f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illya%20Kuryakin
Illya Kuryakin is a fictional character from the 1960s TV spy series The Man from U.N.C.L.E. He is a secret agent with a range of weapons and explosives skills, and is described in the series as holding a master's degree from the Sorbonne and a Ph.D. in Quantum Mechanics from the University of Cambridge ("The Her Maste...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric%20series
In mathematics, a trigonometric series is an infinite series of the form where is the variable and and are coefficients. It is an infinite version of a trigonometric polynomial. A trigonometric series is called the Fourier series of the integrable function if the coefficients have the form: Examples Every ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Fischell
Robert Fischell (born February 10, 1929) is a physicist, prolific inventor, and holder of more than 200 U.S. and foreign medical patents. His inventions have led to the creation of several biotechnology companies. He worked at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory full-time for 25 years and part-time ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20band
The transition band, also called the skirt, is a range of frequencies that allows a transition between a passband and a stopband of a signal processing filter. The transition band is defined by a passband and a stopband cutoff frequency or corner frequency. This is the area between where a filter "turns the corner" an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Thomas%20%28computer%20scientist%29
Marc Phillip Thomas (1949–2017) was a professor of computer science and mathematics, retired chair and a system administrator of Computer Science department at CSU Bakersfield. His successful research projects include the resolution of the commutative Singer–Wermer conjecture and construction of a non-standard closed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Think%20globally%2C%20act%20locally
The phrase "Think globally, act locally" or "Think global, act local" has been used in various contexts, including planning, environment, education, mathematics, business and the church. Definition "Think globally, act locally" urges people to consider the health of the entire planet and to take action in their own co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon%20R.%20Long
Sharon Rugel Long (born March 2, 1951) is an American plant biologist. She is the Steere-Pfizer Professor of Biological Science in the Department of Biology at Stanford University, and the Principal Investigator of the Long Laboratory at Stanford. Long studies the symbiosis between bacteria and plants, in particular t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9chet%20algebra
In mathematics, especially functional analysis, a Fréchet algebra, named after Maurice René Fréchet, is an associative algebra over the real or complex numbers that at the same time is also a (locally convex) Fréchet space. The multiplication operation for is required to be jointly continuous. If is an increasing f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycol%20cleavage
Glycol cleavage is a specific type of organic chemistry oxidation. The carbon–carbon bond in a vicinal diol (glycol) is cleaved and instead the two oxygen atoms become double-bonded to their respective carbon atoms. Depending on the substitution pattern in the diol, these carbonyls can be either ketones or aldehydes. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meaning%20%28philosophy%29
In philosophymore specifically, in its sub-fields semantics, semiotics, philosophy of language, metaphysics, and metasemanticsmeaning "is a relationship between two sorts of things: signs and the kinds of things they intend, express, or signify". The types of meanings vary according to the types of the thing that is b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spafford
Spafford may refer to: People Belle S. Spafford (1895–1982), American president of the Relief Society Gene Spafford (born 1956), American professor of computer science at Purdue University Horatio Spafford (1828–1888), American author of the hymn "It Is Well With My Soul" Michael Spafford (1935–2022), American art...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taems
Taems or TAEMS or TÆMS may refer to: Atreyee D. A. V. Public School, a school in India Task analysis environment modeling simulation (computer science), a multi-agent task modeling language Terminal Area Energy Management, a guidance system used in the final phase of a Space Shuttle landing (referred to as the TAEMs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis%20Castiglioni
Luis Alberto Castiglioni Soria (born 31 July 1962) is a Paraguayan politician. He was Vice President of Paraguay for the Colorado Party from 2003 to 2007. Career Castiglioni was born in Itacurubí del Rosario and obtained a qualification in civil engineering from the Catholic University of Asunción. His national politi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20to%20Solve%20it%20by%20Computer
How to Solve it by Computer is a computer science book by R. G. Dromey, first published by Prentice-Hall in 1982. It is occasionally used as a textbook, especially in India. It is an introduction to the whys of algorithms and data structures. Features of the book: The design factors associated with problems The creat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20S.%20Wiener
Alexander Solomon Wiener (March 16, 1907 – November 6, 1976), was an American biologist and physician, specializing in the fields of forensic medicine, serology, and immunogenetics. His pioneer work led to discovery of the Rh factor in 1937, along with Dr. Karl Landsteiner, and subsequently to the development of excha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20MacRae%20%28astronomer%29
Donald Alexander MacRae ( – ) was a Canadian astronomer. Born in Halifax, Nova Scotia he was the Chair of the Department of Astronomy (now Astronomy and Astrophysics) at the University of Toronto and Director of the David Dunlap Observatory from 1965 to 1978. He was one of a few Canadians who were early Ph.D. graduat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queue
Queue (; ) may refer to: Queue area, or queue, a line or area where people wait for goods or services Arts, entertainment, and media ACM Queue, a computer magazine The Queue (Sorokin novel), a 1983 novel by Russian author Vladimir Sorokin The Queue (Abdel Aziz novel), a 2013 novel by Egyptian author Basma Abdel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Martin%20Pettersen
Jakob Martin Pettersen (11 April 1899 – 8 February 1970) was a Norwegian politician for the Labour Party and Minister of Transport and Communications 1952–1955. Born in Bergen to a factory worker and his wife, Pettersen studied chemistry at Bergen tekniske skole (now part of Bergen University College). He started work...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Cormen
Thomas H. Cormen is the co-author of Introduction to Algorithms, along with Charles Leiserson, Ron Rivest, and Cliff Stein. In 2013, he published a new book titled Algorithms Unlocked. He is an emeritus professor of computer science at Dartmouth College and former Chairman of the Dartmouth College Department of Compute...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20earth%20and%20atmospheric%20sciences%20journals
This list presents notable scientific journals in earth and atmospheric sciences and its various subfields. Multi-disciplinary Atmospheric science Geochemistry Chemical Geology Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research Geostandards Newsletter Organic Geochemistry Quaternary Geoch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larry%20Kaplan
Larry Kaplan is an American video game designer and video game programmer who, along with other ex-Atari, Inc. programmers, co-founded Activision. Kaplan studied at the University of California, Berkeley from 1968 through 1974 and graduated with a degree in Computer Science. He started at Atari, Inc. in August 1976 a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell%20signaling
In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) or cell communication is the ability of a cell to receive, process, and transmit signals with its environment and with itself. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Signals that originate from outside ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Hoax%20of%20the%20Twentieth%20Century
The Hoax of the Twentieth Century: The Case Against the Presumed Extermination of European Jewry is a book by Northwestern University electrical engineering professor and Holocaust denier Arthur Butz. The book was originally published in 1975 in the United Kingdom by Anthony Hancock’s Historical Review Press, known as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20matrix
A logical matrix, binary matrix, relation matrix, Boolean matrix, or (0, 1)-matrix is a matrix with entries from the Boolean domain Such a matrix can be used to represent a binary relation between a pair of finite sets. It is an important tool in combinatorial mathematics and theoretical computer science. Matrix repr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot%20Arena%202%3A%20Design%20and%20Destroy
Robot Arena 2: Design and Destroy is a robot combat action video game developed by Gabriel Entertainment and published by Infogrames. It is the sequel to Robot Arena, in the Robot Arena videogame series. Compared to its predecessor, it has many new features, such as the Havok physics engine and fully 3-D environments. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%20model
In mathematics, the Cartan model is a differential graded algebra that computes the equivariant cohomology of a space. References Stefan Cordes, Gregory Moore, Sanjaye Ramgoolam, Lectures on 2D Yang-Mills Theory, Equivariant Cohomology and Topological Field Theories, , 1994. Algebraic topology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lippmann%E2%80%93Schwinger%20equation
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation (named after Bernard Lippmann and Julian Schwinger) is one of the most used equations to describe particle collisions – or, more precisely, scattering – in quantum mechanics. It may be used in scattering of molecules, atoms, neutrons, photons or any other particles and is important mainl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wigner%20distribution%20function
The Wigner distribution function (WDF) is used in signal processing as a transform in time-frequency analysis. The WDF was first proposed in physics to account for quantum corrections to classical statistical mechanics in 1932 by Eugene Wigner, and it is of importance in quantum mechanics in phase space (see, by way o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose%20interpretation
The Penrose interpretation is a speculation by Roger Penrose about the relationship between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Penrose proposes that a quantum state remains in superposition until the difference of space-time curvature attains a significant level. Overview Penrose's idea is inspired by quantum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20Education%20Research%20and%20Practice
Chemistry Education Research and Practice is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access academic journal published by the Royal Society of Chemistry covering chemistry education. The editor-in-chief is Gwen Lawrie of the University of Queensland. The Associate Editors are Ajda Kahveci of DePaul University, Scott E. Lewis of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax%20genes
In evolutionary developmental biology, Paired box (Pax) genes are a family of genes coding for tissue specific transcription factors containing an N-terminal paired domain and usually a partial, or in the case of four family members (PAX3, PAX4, PAX6 and PAX7), a complete homeodomain to the C-terminus. An octapeptide a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas%20Clark%20%28poet%29
Douglas Clark (1942 – 20 July 2010) was an English poet. Clark was born in Darlington, County Durham, England, to Scottish parents in 1942. He was educated at Glasgow University, where he studied Mathematics, and in Edinburgh. From 1973 until 1993 he worked in Computing Services at the University of Bath, 10 years spe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3lya%20Prize%20%28LMS%29
The Pólya Prize is a prize in mathematics, awarded by the London Mathematical Society. Second only to the triennial De Morgan Medal in prestige among the society's awards, it is awarded in the years that are not divisible by three – those in which the De Morgan Medal is not awarded. First given in 1987, the prize is na...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anvil%20press
A multi-anvil press, or anvil press is a type of device related to a machine press that is used to create extraordinarily high pressures within a small volume. Anvil presses are used in materials science and geology for the synthesis and study the different phases of materials under extreme pressure, as well as for th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20Harborne
Jeffrey Barry Harborne FRS (1 September 1928, in Bristol – 21 July 2002) was a British chemist who specialised in phytochemistry. He was Professor of Botany at the University of Reading, 1976–93, then Professor emeritus. He contributed to more than 40 books and 270 research papers and was a pioneer in ecological bioche...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20algebra
In mathematics, an initial algebra is an initial object in the category of -algebras for a given endofunctor . This initiality provides a general framework for induction and recursion. Examples Functor Consider the endofunctor sending to , where is the one-point (singleton) set, the terminal object in the catego...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V4
V4 or V-4 may refer to: Science and technology LNER Class V4, a class of British steam locomotives V4 engine, a V engine with four cylinders in two banks of two cylinders Visual area V4, in the visual cortex Klein four-group, in mathematics ITU-T V.4, a telecommunication recommendation ATC code V04 Diagnostic ag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenosine%20A1%20receptor
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Adenosine A1 receptor}} The adenosine A1 receptor is one member of the adenosine receptor group of G protein-coupled receptors with adenosine as endogenous ligand. Biochemistry A1 receptors are implicated in sleep promotion by inhibiting wake-promoting cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain. A1 rec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prym%20variety
In mathematics, the Prym variety construction (named for Friedrich Prym) is a method in algebraic geometry of making an abelian variety from a morphism of algebraic curves. In its original form, it was applied to an unramified double covering of a Riemann surface, and was used by F. Schottky and H. W. E. Jung in relati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20dependency
A data dependency in computer science is a situation in which a program statement (instruction) refers to the data of a preceding statement. In compiler theory, the technique used to discover data dependencies among statements (or instructions) is called dependence analysis. There are three types of dependencies: data...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20random%20field
Conditional random fields (CRFs) are a class of statistical modeling methods often applied in pattern recognition and machine learning and used for structured prediction. Whereas a classifier predicts a label for a single sample without considering "neighbouring" samples, a CRF can take context into account. To do so, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-difference%20polynomial
In combinatorial mathematics, the q-difference polynomials or q-harmonic polynomials are a polynomial sequence defined in terms of the q-derivative. They are a generalized type of Brenke polynomial, and generalize the Appell polynomials. See also Sheffer sequence. Definition The q-difference polynomials satisfy the r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weinstein%20conjecture
In mathematics, the Weinstein conjecture refers to a general existence problem for periodic orbits of Hamiltonian or Reeb vector flows. More specifically, the conjecture claims that on a compact contact manifold, its Reeb vector field should carry at least one periodic orbit. By definition, a level set of contact type...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter%20van%20Musschenbroek
Pieter van Musschenbroek (14 March 1692 – 19 September 1761) was a Dutch scientist. He was a professor in Duisburg, Utrecht, and Leiden, where he held positions in mathematics, philosophy, medicine, and astronomy. He is credited with the invention of the first capacitor in 1746: the Leyden jar. He performed pioneering ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CeNTech
The Center for Nanotechnology is one of the first centers for nanotechnology. It is located in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It offers many possibilities for research, education, start-ups and companies in nanotechnology. Hence it works together with the University of Münster (WWU), the Max Planck Institute...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q-exponential
In combinatorial mathematics, a q-exponential is a q-analog of the exponential function, namely the eigenfunction of a q-derivative. There are many q-derivatives, for example, the classical q-derivative, the Askey-Wilson operator, etc. Therefore, unlike the classical exponentials, q-exponentials are not unique. For ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modularity%20%28biology%29
Modularity refers to the ability of a system to organize discrete, individual units that can overall increase the efficiency of network activity and, in a biological sense, facilitates selective forces upon the network. Modularity is observed in all model systems, and can be studied at nearly every scale of biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFAE
TFAE may refer to: Mathematics TFAE: "The Following Are Equivalent" Chemistry Pirkle's alcohol, or TFAE: 2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(9-anthryl)ethanol
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Poole
David Poole may refer to: David Poole (artist), portrait painter, see Andrew Huxley David Poole (dancer) (1925–1991), South African ballet dancer David Poole (footballer) (born 1984), English footballer David Poole (judge) (1938–2006), English High Court judge David Poole (researcher), artificial intelligence and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky%20problem
In mathematics, the Schottky problem, named after Friedrich Schottky, is a classical question of algebraic geometry, asking for a characterisation of Jacobian varieties amongst abelian varieties. Geometric formulation More precisely, one should consider algebraic curves of a given genus , and their Jacobians . There ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USAR
USAR or U.S.A.R. may refer to: United Speed Alliance Racing (now Rev-Oil Pro Cup Series), a car racing series in the United States United States Army Rangers, the elite light infantry of the United States Army United States Army Reserve, the reserve component forces of the United States Army University School of A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonino%20Zichichi
Antonino Zichichi (; born 15 October 1929) is an Italian physicist who has worked in the field of nuclear physics. He has served as President of the World Federation of Scientists and as a professor at the University of Bologna. Biography Zichichi was born in Trapani, Sicily, in 1929. He has collaborated on several di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHP%20formalism
The GHP formalism (or Geroch–Held–Penrose formalism) is a technique used in the mathematics of general relativity that involves singling out a pair of null directions at each point of spacetime. It is a rewriting of the Newman–Penrose formalism which respects the covariance of Lorentz transformations preserving two nul...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20symmetric%20space
In mathematics, a Hermitian symmetric space is a Hermitian manifold which at every point has an inversion symmetry preserving the Hermitian structure. First studied by Élie Cartan, they form a natural generalization of the notion of Riemannian symmetric space from real manifolds to complex manifolds. Every Hermitian s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krull%27s%20theorem
In mathematics, and more specifically in ring theory, Krull's theorem, named after Wolfgang Krull, asserts that a nonzero ring has at least one maximal ideal. The theorem was proved in 1929 by Krull, who used transfinite induction. The theorem admits a simple proof using Zorn's lemma, and in fact is equivalent to Zor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot%20blot
A dot blot (or slot blot) is a technique in molecular biology used to detect proteins. It represents a simplification of the western blot method, with the exception that the proteins to be detected are not first separated by electrophoresis. Instead, the sample is applied directly on a membrane in a single spot, and th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20isotopes
The environmental isotopes are a subset of isotopes, both stable and radioactive, which are the object of isotope geochemistry. They are primarily used as tracers to see how things move around within the ocean-atmosphere system, within terrestrial biomes, within the Earth's surface, and between these broad domains. Is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic%20module
In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a cyclic module or monogenous module is a module over a ring that is generated by one element. The concept is a generalization of the notion of a cyclic group, that is, an Abelian group (i.e. Z-module) that is generated by one element. Definition A left R-module M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fura-2-acetoxymethyl%20ester
Fura-2-acetoxymethyl ester, often abbreviated Fura-2AM, is a membrane-permeant derivative of the ratiometric calcium indicator Fura-2 used in biochemistry to measure cellular calcium concentrations by fluorescence. When added to cells, Fura-2AM crosses cell membranes and once inside the cell, the acetoxymethyl groups ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeotopy
In algebraic topology, an area of mathematics, a homeotopy group of a topological space is a homotopy group of the group of self-homeomorphisms of that space. Definition The homotopy group functors assign to each path-connected topological space the group of homotopy classes of continuous maps Another constructio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20%28disambiguation%29
Chemistry is a branch of physical science, and the study of the substances of which matter is composed. Chemistry may also refer to: Science Chemistry (word), the history and use of the word Chemistry: A European Journal, an academic periodical Advanced Placement Chemistry, a course offered in the Advanced Placem...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darboux%27s%20theorem%20%28analysis%29
In mathematics, Darboux's theorem is a theorem in real analysis, named after Jean Gaston Darboux. It states that every function that results from the differentiation of another function has the intermediate value property: the image of an interval is also an interval. When ƒ is continuously differentiable (ƒ in C1([a,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulator%20%28genetics%29
An insulator is a type of cis-regulatory element known as a long-range regulatory element. Found in multicellular eukaryotes and working over distances from the promoter element of the target gene, an insulator is typically 300 bp to 2000 bp in length. Insulators contain clustered binding sites for sequence specific DN...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaedin%20Adab
Bahaedin Adab (), also spelled Bahaeddin or Bahaoddin Adab, Kurdish "Baha Adab" (21 August 1945 – 16 August 2007) was a prominent Iranian Kurdish politician and engineer and philanthropist. He was born in Sanandaj and had a civil engineering master's degree from Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnique)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammond%27s%20postulate
Hammond's postulate (or alternatively the Hammond–Leffler postulate), is a hypothesis in physical organic chemistry which describes the geometric structure of the transition state in an organic chemical reaction. First proposed by George Hammond in 1955, the postulate states that: If two states, as, for example, a tra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltation%20%28biology%29
In biology, saltation () is a sudden and large mutational change from one generation to the next, potentially causing single-step speciation. This was historically offered as an alternative to Darwinism. Some forms of mutationism were effectively saltationist, implying large discontinuous jumps. Speciation, such as by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20B.%20Andrews
Peter Bruce Andrews (born 1937) is an American mathematician and Professor of Mathematics, Emeritus at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the creator of the mathematical logic Q0. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1964 under the tutelage of Alonzo Church. He received the Herbra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Fahy
Gregory M. Fahy is a California-based cryobiologist, biogerontologist, and businessman. He is Vice President and Chief Scientific Officer at Twenty-First Century Medicine, Inc, and has co-founded Intervene Immune, a company developing clinical methods to reverse immune system aging. He is the 2022–2023 president of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s%20theory%20of%20gravitation
In theoretical physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation was introduced by the mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922. While never broadly accepted, at one time it was a scientifically plausible alternative to general relativity. However, after further experimental and theoretical consideration, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry%20education
Chemistry education (or chemical education) is the study of teaching and learning chemistry. It is one subset of STEM education or discipline-based education research (DBER). Topics in chemistry education include understanding how students learn chemistry and determining the most efficient methods to teach chemistry. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyene%20Petros
Beyene Petros is a professor of Biology at Addis Ababa University and a former member of the Ethiopian House of People's Representatives, representing an electoral district in Badawacho of Hadiya Zone. He is currently the chairman of one of the largest opposition political parties in Ethiopia, the Ethiopian Federal De...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshio%20Murashige
Toshio Murashige is a professor emeritus of University of California Riverside in plant biology. He is most widely known for his efforts in creating the plant tissue culture medium known as Murashige and Skoog medium. References External links Listing at UCR University of California, Riverside faculty Living peopl...