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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Lewis%20Perl
Martin Lewis Perl (June 24, 1927 – September 30, 2014) was an American chemical engineer and physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1995 for his discovery of the tau lepton. Life and career Perl was born in New York City, New York. His parents, Fay (née Resenthal), a secretary and bookkeeper, and Oscar Perl, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row
Row or ROW may refer to: Exercise Rowing, or a form of aquatic movement using oars Row (weight-lifting), a form of weight-lifting exercise Mathematics and informatics Row vector, a 1 × n matrix in linear algebra Row(s) in a table (information), a data arrangement with rows and columns Row (database), a single, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasisimple%20group
In mathematics, a quasisimple group (also known as a covering group) is a group that is a perfect central extension E of a simple group S. In other words, there is a short exact sequence such that , where denotes the center of E and [ , ] denotes the commutator. Equivalently, a group is quasisimple if it is equal t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20space
In mathematics, a symmetric space is a Riemannian manifold (or more generally, a pseudo-Riemannian manifold) whose group of symmetries contains an inversion symmetry about every point. This can be studied with the tools of Riemannian geometry, leading to consequences in the theory of holonomy; or algebraically through ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Goldschmidt
Richard Benedict Goldschmidt (April 12, 1878 – April 24, 1958) was a German geneticist. He is considered the first to attempt to integrate genetics, development, and evolution. He pioneered understanding of reaction norms, genetic assimilation, dynamical genetics, sex determination, and heterochrony. Controversially, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Sambrook
Joseph Frank Sambrook (1 March 1939 – 14 June 2019) was a British molecular biologist known for his studies of DNA oncoviruses and the molecular biology of normal and cancerous cells. Education and early career Sambrook was educated at the University of Liverpool (BSc (hons) 1962) and obtained his PhD at the Australi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Leite%20Lopes
José Leite Lopes (October 28, 1918 – June 12, 2006) was a Brazilian theoretical physicist who worked in the field of quantum field theory and particle physics. Life Leite Lopes began his university studies in 1935, enrolling in industrial chemistry at the Chemistry School of Pernambuco. In 1937, while presenting a pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dsaku%20Yosida
was a Japanese mathematician who worked in the field of functional analysis. He is known for the Hille-Yosida theorem concerning C0-semigroups. Yosida studied mathematics at the University of Tokyo, and held posts at Osaka and Nagoya Universities. In 1955, Yosida returned to the University of Tokyo. See also Einar C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98ystein%20Ore
Øystein Ore (7 October 1899 – 13 August 1968) was a Norwegian mathematician known for his work in ring theory, Galois connections, graph theory, and the history of mathematics. Life Ore graduated from the University of Oslo in 1922, with a Cand.Real.degree in mathematics. In 1924, the University of Oslo awarded him th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel%20Andrew%20Dirac
Gabriel Andrew Dirac (13 March 1925 – 20 July 1984) was a Hungarian-British mathematician who mainly worked in graph theory. He served as Erasmus Smith's Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College Dublin from 1964 to 1966. In 1952, he gave a sufficient condition for a graph to contain a Hamiltonian circuit. The previo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einar%20Hille
Carl Einar Hille (28 June 1894 – 12 February 1980) was an American mathematics professor and scholar. Hille authored or coauthored twelve mathematical books and a number of mathematical papers. Early life and education Hille was born in New York City. His parents were both immigrants from Sweden who separated before ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE%20P1363
IEEE P1363 is an Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) standardization project for public-key cryptography. It includes specifications for: Traditional public-key cryptography (IEEE Std 1363-2000 and 1363a-2004) Lattice-based public-key cryptography (IEEE Std 1363.1-2008) Password-based public-key...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refinement%20%28computing%29
Refinement is a generic term of computer science that encompasses various approaches for producing correct computer programs and simplifying existing programs to enable their formal verification. Program refinement In formal methods, program refinement is the verifiable transformation of an abstract (high-level) forma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Baron%20%28civil%20engineer%29
Frank Martin Baron (July 7, 1914, Chicago, Illinois – October 17, 1994) served as professor of civil engineering at the University of California, Berkeley and held an international reputation as an expert in the fields of bridge and roof-structure design, and seismic and wind analysis. He was twice the recipient of the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C0-semigroup
{{DISPLAYTITLE:C0-semigroup }} In mathematics, a C0-semigroup, also known as a strongly continuous one-parameter semigroup, is a generalization of the exponential function. Just as exponential functions provide solutions of scalar linear constant coefficient ordinary differential equations, strongly continuous semigrou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, the valence (US spelling) or valency (British spelling) of an atom is a measure of its combining capacity with other atoms when it forms chemical compounds or molecules. Valence is generally understood to be the number of chemical bonds that each atom of a given element typically forms. For a specified co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Mitchell%20%28physicist%29
Sir Edgar William John Mitchell, (September 25, 1925 – October 30, 2002) was a British physicist, professor of physics at Reading and Oxford, and he helped pioneer the field of neutron scattering. Born in Kingsbridge, Devon, England, he studied physics at Sheffield University, which had become an important centre for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal%20pyramidal%20molecular%20geometry
In chemistry, a trigonal pyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base, resembling a tetrahedron (not to be confused with the tetrahedral geometry). When all three atoms at the corners are identical, the molecule belongs to point group C3v. Some molecules an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Oakley%20Dayhoff
Margaret Belle (Oakley) Dayhoff (March 11, 1925 – February 5, 1983) was an American physical chemist and a pioneer in the field of bioinformatics. Dayhoff was a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center and a noted research biochemist at the National Biomedical Research Foundation, where she pioneered the appli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20Kac%E2%80%93Moody%20algebra
In mathematics, a generalized Kac–Moody algebra is a Lie algebra that is similar to a Kac–Moody algebra, except that it is allowed to have imaginary simple roots. Generalized Kac–Moody algebras are also sometimes called GKM algebras, Borcherds–Kac–Moody algebras, BKM algebras, or Borcherds algebras. The best known exa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposite
Opposite or Opposites may refer to: Opposite (semantics), a word that means the reverse of a word Opposite (leaf), an arrangement of leaves on a stem Opposite (mathematics), the negative of a number; numbers that, when added, yield zero "The Opposite", a 1994 episode of Seinfeld Music The Opposites, Dutch rap gro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonal%20planar%20molecular%20geometry
In chemistry, trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of an equilateral triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120°. Such species belong to the poin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Hasen%C3%B6hrl
Friedrich Hasenöhrl (; 30 November 1874 – 7 October 1915) was an Austrian physicist. Life Friedrich Hasenöhrl was born in Vienna, Austria-Hungary in 1874. His father was a lawyer and his mother belonged to a prominent aristocratic family. After his elementary education, he studied natural science and mathematics at t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bond%20energy
In chemistry, bond energy (BE), also called the mean bond enthalpy or average bond enthalpy is a measure of bond strength in a chemical bond. IUPAC defines bond energy as the average value of the gas-phase bond-dissociation energy (usually at a temperature of 298.15 K) for all bonds of the same type within the same che...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%2C%20Engineering%2C%20Science%20Achievement
Mathematics, Engineering, Science Achievement (MESA) is an academic preparation program for pre-college, community college and university-level students. Established in 1970 in California, the program provides academic support to students from educationally disadvantaged backgrounds throughout the education pathway so ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolysis%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, homolysis () or homolytic fission is the dissociation of a molecular bond by a process where each of the fragments (an atom or molecule) retains one of the originally bonded electrons. During homolytic fission of a neutral molecule with an even number of electrons, two free radicals will be generated. Tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterolysis%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, heterolysis or heterolytic fission () is the process of cleaving/breaking a covalent bond where one previously bonded species takes both original bonding electrons from the other species. During heterolytic bond cleavage of a neutral molecule, a cation and an anion will be generated. Most commonly the mor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-arbitrage%20bounds
In financial mathematics, no-arbitrage bounds are mathematical relationships specifying limits on financial portfolio prices. These price bounds are a specific example of good–deal bounds, and are in fact the greatest extremes for good–deal bounds. The most frequent nontrivial example of no-arbitrage bounds is put–ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20addition%20reaction
In organic chemistry, the Michael reaction or Michael 1,4 addition is a reaction between a Michael donor (an enolate or other nucleophile) and a Michael acceptor (usually an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl) to produce a Michael adduct by creating a carbon-carbon bond at the acceptor's β-carbon. It belongs to the larger class ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principle%20of%20equivalence
Principle of equivalence may refer to: The relativistic equivalence principle Carl Jung's second principle relating to the libido#Analytical psychology The principle of nuclear equivalence, in genetics Wolfram's principle of computational equivalence, discussed in A New Kind of Science See also Doctrine of cas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy%20J.%20Hickey
Timothy J. Hickey (born July 24, 1955) is a professor of computer science and former Chair of the Computer Science and Internet Studies Program (INET) at Brandeis University. Hickey's specialties include analysis of algorithms, logic programming and parallel processing, symbolic manipulation, and groupware. His curren...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20matrix
In probability theory and mathematical physics, a random matrix is a matrix-valued random variable—that is, a matrix in which some or all elements are random variables. Many important properties of physical systems can be represented mathematically as matrix problems. For example, the thermal conductivity of a lattice ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Guggenheim%20Fellowships%20awarded%20in%201970
List of Guggenheim Fellowship winners for 1970. United States and Canadian fellows Patrick Ahern, professor of mathematics, University of Wisconsin–Madison. Michael M. Ames, former director and professor emeritus, Museum of Anthropology, University of British Columbia. Albert K. Ando, professor of economics and f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel%20Rubinstein
Ariel Rubinstein (Hebrew: אריאל רובינשטיין; born April 13, 1951) is an Israeli economist who works in economic theory, game theory and bounded rationality. Biography Ariel Rubinstein is a professor of economics at the School of Economics at Tel Aviv University and the Department of Economics at New York University. H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Schroeppel
Richard C. Schroeppel (born 1948) is an American mathematician born in Illinois. His research has included magic squares, elliptic curves, and cryptography. In 1964, Schroeppel won first place in the United States among over 225,000 high school students in the Annual High School Mathematics Examination, a contest spons...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadband
A deadband or dead-band (also known as a dead zone or a neutral zone) is a band of input values in the domain of a transfer function in a control system or signal processing system where the output is zero (the output is 'dead' - no action occurs). Deadband regions can be used in control systems such as servoamplifier...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appell%20sequence
In mathematics, an Appell sequence, named after Paul Émile Appell, is any polynomial sequence satisfying the identity and in which is a non-zero constant. Among the most notable Appell sequences besides the trivial example are the Hermite polynomials, the Bernoulli polynomials, and the Euler polynomials. Every App...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%BCfer%20sequence
In combinatorial mathematics, the Prüfer sequence (also Prüfer code or Prüfer numbers) of a labeled tree is a unique sequence associated with the tree. The sequence for a tree on n vertices has length n − 2, and can be generated by a simple iterative algorithm. Prüfer sequences were first used by Heinz Prüfer to prov...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20switchable%20device
A magnetic switchable device (often called a magnetic base) is a magnetic fixture that uses one or more permanent magnets in a configuration that allows the external field to be turned on or off. They are used in many applications including optics, metalworking, lifting, and robotics, to attach items to metal surfaces ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanoluminescence
Galvanoluminescence Is the emission of light produced by the passage of an electric current through an appropriate electrolyte in which an electrode, made of certain metals such as aluminium or tantalum, has been immersed. An example being the electrolysis of sodium bromide (NaBr). Luminescence Materials science
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locally%20compact%20group
In mathematics, a locally compact group is a topological group G for which the underlying topology is locally compact and Hausdorff. Locally compact groups are important because many examples of groups that arise throughout mathematics are locally compact and such groups have a natural measure called the Haar measure. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrik%20Casimir
Hendrik Brugt Gerhard Casimir (15 July 1909 – 4 May 2000) was a Dutch physicist who made significant contributions to the field of quantum mechanics and quantum electrodynamics. He is best known for his work on the Casimir effect, which describes the attractive force between two uncharged plates in a vacuum due to qua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical%20cybernetics
Biomedical cybernetics investigates signal processing, decision making and control structures in living organisms. Applications of this research field are in biology, ecology and health sciences. Fields Biological cybernetics Medical cybernetics Methods Connectionism Decision theory Information theory Systeomic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezinskii%E2%80%93Kosterlitz%E2%80%93Thouless%20transition
The Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless (BKT) transition is a phase transition of the two-dimensional (2-D) XY model in statistical physics. It is a transition from bound vortex-antivortex pairs at low temperatures to unpaired vortices and anti-vortices at some critical temperature. The transition is named for condensed ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niemeier%20lattice
In mathematics, a Niemeier lattice is one of the 24 positive definite even unimodular lattices of rank 24, which were classified by . gave a simplified proof of the classification. In the 1970s, has a sentence mentioning that he found more than 10 such lattices in the 1940s, but gives no further details. One example...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20anthropomorphism
In evolutionary biology, genetic anthropomorphism refers to "thinking like a gene". The central question is "if I were a gene, what would I do in order to reproduce myself". The question is an obvious fallacy since genes are incapable of thought. However, natural selection does act in such a way that those that are mos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toru%20Kumon
was a Japanese mathematics educator, born in Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. He graduated from the College of Science at Osaka University with a degree in mathematics and taught high school mathematics in his home town of Osaka. In 1954, his son, Takeshi, performed poorly in a Year 2 mathematics test. Prompted by his wife, T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellularization
In evolutionary biology, the term cellularization (cellularisation) has been used in theories to explain the evolution of cells, for instance in the pre-cell theory, dealing with the evolution of the first cells on this planet, and in the syncytial theory attempting to explain the origin of Metazoa from unicellular org...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson%20annulation
The Robinson annulation is a chemical reaction used in organic chemistry for ring formation. It was discovered by Robert Robinson in 1935 as a method to create a six membered ring by forming three new carbon–carbon bonds. The method uses a ketone and a methyl vinyl ketone to form an α,β-unsaturated ketone in a cyclohex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20arms%20race
In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling the geopolitical concept of an arms race. These are often described as exampl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasite%20load
Parasite load is a measure of the number and virulence of the parasites that a host organism harbours. Quantitative parasitology deals with measures to quantify parasite loads in samples of hosts and to make statistical comparisons of parasitism across host samples. In evolutionary biology, parasite load has import...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solvolysis
In chemistry, solvolysis is a type of nucleophilic substitution (S1/S2) or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule. Characteristic of S1 reactions, solvolysis of a chiral reactant affords the racemate. Sometimes however, the stereochemical course is complicated by intimate ion pairs, whereby the leavin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimate%20ion%20pair
In chemistry, the intimate ion pair concept, introduced by Saul Winstein, describes the interactions between a cation, anion and surrounding solvent molecules. In ordinary aqueous solutions of inorganic salts, an ion is completely solvated and shielded from the counterion. In less polar solvents, two ions can still be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajoene
Ajoene is an organosulfur compound found in garlic (Allium sativum) extracts. It is a colorless liquid that contains sulfoxide and disulfide functional groups. The name (and pronunciation) is derived from "ajo", the Spanish word for garlic. It is found as a mixture of up to four stereoisomers, which differ in terms of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20undetermined%20coefficients
In mathematics, the method of undetermined coefficients is an approach to finding a particular solution to certain nonhomogeneous ordinary differential equations and recurrence relations. It is closely related to the annihilator method, but instead of using a particular kind of differential operator (the annihilator) i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antrum
This is a disambiguation page for the biological term. For the 2018 horror movie, see Antrum (film) In biology, antrum is a general term for a cavity or chamber, which may have specific meaning in reference to certain organs or sites in the body. In vertebrates, it may refer specifically to: Antrum follicularum, th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Hall
Philip Hall FRS (11 April 1904 – 30 December 1982), was an English mathematician. His major work was on group theory, notably on finite groups and solvable groups. Biography He was educated first at Christ's Hospital, where he won the Thompson Gold Medal for mathematics, and later at King's College, Cambridge. He was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz%20Pr%C3%BCfer
Ernst Paul Heinz Prüfer (10 November 1896 – 7 April 1934) was a German Jewish mathematician born in Wilhelmshaven. His major contributions were on abelian groups, graph theory, algebraic numbers, knot theory and Sturm–Liouville theory. In 1915 he began his university studies in mathematics, Physics and Chemistry in B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticket%20lock
In computer science, a ticket lock is a synchronization mechanism, or locking algorithm, that is a type of spinlock that uses "tickets" to control which thread of execution is allowed to enter a critical section. Overview The basic concept of a ticket lock is similar to the ticket queue management system. This is th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerah%20Colburn
Zerah Colburn may refer to: Zerah Colburn (mental calculator) (1804–1840), American mathematics prodigy Zerah Colburn (locomotive designer) (1832–1870), American steam locomotive designer and railroad author
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1023%20%28number%29
1023 (one thousand [and] twenty-three) is the natural number following 1022 and preceding 1024. In mathematics 1023 is the tenth Mersenne number of the form . In binary, it is also the tenth repdigit 11111111112 as all Mersenne numbers in decimal are repdigits in binary. It is equal to the sum of five consecutive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feit%E2%80%93Thompson%20theorem
In mathematics, the Feit–Thompson theorem, or odd order theorem, states that every finite group of odd order is solvable. It was proved by . History conjectured that every nonabelian finite simple group has even order. suggested using the centralizers of involutions of simple groups as the basis for the classific...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larkin%20Kerwin
John Larkin Kerwin (June 22, 1924 – May 1, 2004) was a Canadian physicist. Born in Quebec City, he studied physics at St. Francis Xavier University and obtained his master's degree in physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His received his D.Sc. from Université Laval. He was Chairman of the Department ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Plot
Robert Plot (13 December 1640 – 30 April 1696) was an English naturalist, first Professor of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and the first keeper of the Ashmolean Museum. Early life and education Born in Borden, Kent to parents Robert Plot and Elisabeth Patenden, and baptised on 13 December 1640, Plot was educ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Sternbach
Richard Michael Sternbach (born 1951) is an illustrator who is best known for his space illustrations and his work on the Star Trek television series. Early years Born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1969 Sternbach enrolled at the University of Connecticut with an art major, but after a couple of years switched to mar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotrek
Robotrek, known in Japan as , is a role-playing video game (RPG) for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). It was developed by Quintet and published by Enix in both Japan and North America in 1994. Set on the fictional planet Quintenix, the game puts the player in control of a budding robotics expert who is t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge-of-the-wedge%20theorem
In mathematics, Bogoliubov's edge-of-the-wedge theorem implies that holomorphic functions on two "wedges" with an "edge" in common are analytic continuations of each other provided they both give the same continuous function on the edge. It is used in quantum field theory to construct the analytic continuation of Wigh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorpionate%20ligand
In coordination chemistry, a scorpionate ligand is a tridentate (three-donor-site) ligand that binds to a central atom in a fac manner. The most popular class of scorpionates are the hydrotris(pyrazolyl)borates or Tp ligands. These were also the first to become popular. These ligands first appeared in journals in 1966 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direction%20of%20arrival
In signal processing, direction of arrival (DOA) denotes the direction from which usually a propagating wave arrives at a point, where usually a set of sensors are located. These set of sensors forms what is called a sensor array. Often there is the associated technique of beamforming which is estimating the signal fro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20psychiatry
Biological psychiatry or biopsychiatry is an approach to psychiatry that aims to understand mental disorder in terms of the biological function of the nervous system. It is interdisciplinary in its approach and draws on sciences such as neuroscience, psychopharmacology, biochemistry, genetics, epigenetics and physiolog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian%20Bejan
Adrian Bejan is a Romanian-American professor who has made contributions to modern thermodynamics and developed his constructal law. He is J. A. Jones Distinguished Professor of Mechanical Engineering at Duke University and author of the books Design in Nature, The Physics of Life , Freedom and Evolution and Time And ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Nicolelis
Miguel Ângelo Laporta Nicolelis, M.D., Ph.D. (, born March 7, 1961), is a Brazilian scientist, physician and Duke School of Medicine Professor in Neuroscience at Duke University, best known for his pioneering work surrounding brain-computer interface (also known as "brain-machine interface") technology. Biography Nic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narrabri%20Stellar%20Intensity%20Interferometer
The Narrabri Stellar Intensity Interferometer (NSII) was the first astronomical instrument to measure the diameters of a large number of stars at visible wavelengths. It was designed by (amongst others) Robert Hanbury Brown, who received the Hughes Medal in 1971 for this work. It was built by University of Sydney Schoo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20%28disambiguation%29
Integral is a concept in calculus. Integral may also refer to: in mathematics Integer, a number Integral symbol Integral (measure theory), or Lebesgue integration Integral element in computer science Integral data type, a data type that represents some range of mathematical integers in philosophy and spiritual...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initiation%20%28chemistry%29
In chemistry, initiation is a chemical reaction that triggers one or more secondary reactions. Initiation creates a reactive centre on a molecule which produces a chain reaction. The reactive centre generated by initiation is usually a radical, but can also be cations or anions. Once the reaction is initiated, the spec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketone%20halogenation
In organic chemistry, α-keto halogenation is a special type of halogenation. The reaction may be carried out under either acidic or basic conditions in an aqueous medium with the corresponding elemental halogen. In this way, chloride, bromide, and iodide (but notably not fluoride) functionality can be inserted selectiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe%20Wolman
Moshe Wolman (November 10, 1914 – September 5, 2009) was an Israeli neuropathologist. He is considered one of the fathers of histochemistry. In 1954, he described Wolman's disease. Biography Moshe Wolman was born in 1914 in Warsaw, Poland. He immigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1925. He grew up in Tel Aviv and graduat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic%20halogenation
In organic chemistry, an electrophilic aromatic halogenation is a type of electrophilic aromatic substitution. This organic reaction is typical of aromatic compounds and a very useful method for adding substituents to an aromatic system. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clugston%20Group
The Clugston Group was a privately owned business involved in construction and civil engineering, property development and logistics. The group was based in Scunthorpe, North Lincolnshire in England. On 5 December 2019, the group and its construction businesses filed for administration, with debts of £64m. History The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20active%20space
In quantum chemistry, a complete active space is a type of classification of molecular orbitals. Spatial orbitals are classified as belonging to three classes: core, always hold two electrons active, partially occupied orbitals virtual, always hold zero electrons This classification allows one to develop a set of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6niger%20oxidation
In chemistry, the Schöniger oxidation (also known as the Schöniger flask test or the oxygen flask method) is a method of elemental analysis developed by Wolfgang Schöniger. The test is conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask, or in a separatory funnel. It involves the combustion of a sample in pure oxygen, followed by the ab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juda%20Hirsch%20Quastel
Juda Hirsch Quastel, (October 2, 1899 – October 15, 1987) was a British-Canadian biochemist who pioneered diverse research in neurochemistry, soil metabolism, cellular metabolism, and cancer. Biography Quastel, also known as "Harry" or "Q," was born at Ecclesall Road in Sheffield the son of Jonas Quastel, a confecti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion%20%28astrophysics%29
In astrophysics, accretion is the accumulation of particles into a massive object by gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter, into an accretion disk. Most astronomical objects, such as galaxies, stars, and planets, are formed by accretion processes. Overview The accretion model that Earth and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81lvaro%20de%20Campos
Álvaro de Campos (; October 15, 1890 – November 30, 1935) was one of the poet Fernando Pessoa's various heteronyms, widely known by his powerful and wrathful writing style. According to his author, this alter ego was born in Tavira, Portugal, studied mechanical engineering and finally graduated in ship engineering in G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Tsirelson
Boris Semyonovich Tsirelson (May 4, 1950 – January 21, 2020) (, ) was a Russian–Israeli mathematician and Professor of Mathematics at Tel Aviv University in Israel, as well as a Wikipedia editor. Biography Tsirelson was born in Leningrad to a Russian Jewish family. From his father Simeon's side, he was the great-neph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20computing
Green computing, green IT (Information Technology), or ICT sustainability, is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT. The goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry: reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, increase the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCSE
NCSE may refer to: Education National Center for Science Education, United States, promotes the teaching of evolutionary biology and climate science National Council for Special Education, Ireland, supports students with disabilities National Certificate of Secondary Education, Trinidad and Tobago, a school qualifica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Harrington
Margaret Helen Harrington (born October 4, 1945) is a Canadian teacher and former politician in Ontario, Canada. She was a New Democratic Party member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1990 to 1995. Background Harrington was educated at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, receiving a Bachelor of Science...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20theory
Strain theory can refer to; In chemistry: Baeyer strain theory In social sciences: Strain theory (sociology), the theory that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime Value-added theory, the assumption that certain conditions are needed for the development of a social movement See also ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapping%20cylinder
In mathematics, specifically algebraic topology, the mapping cylinder of a continuous function between topological spaces and is the quotient where the denotes the disjoint union, and ∼ is the equivalence relation generated by That is, the mapping cylinder is obtained by gluing one end of to via the map . Not...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20model
In mathematics, and in particular model theory, a prime model is a model that is as simple as possible. Specifically, a model is prime if it admits an elementary embedding into any model to which it is elementarily equivalent (that is, into any model satisfying the same complete theory as ). Cardinality In contra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20M%C3%A9nard
Louis-Nicolas Ménard (19 October 1822 – 9 February 1901) was a French man of letters also known for his early discoveries on collodion. Biography He was born in Paris. His versatile genius occupied itself in turn with chemistry, poetry, painting and history. In 1843 he published, under the pseudonym of L. de Sennevill...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thane%20Gustafson
Thane Gustafson (born 1944) is a professor of political science at Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States. He specializes in comparative politics and the political history of Russia and the former USSR. Gustafson holds degrees in both political science and chemistry from the University of Illinois, and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimap
In computer science, a multimap (sometimes also multihash, multidict or multidictionary) is a generalization of a map or associative array abstract data type in which more than one value may be associated with and returned for a given key. Both map and multimap are particular cases of containers (for example, see C++ S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nettie%20Stevens
Nettie Maria Stevens (July 7, 1861 – May 4, 1912) was an American geneticist who discovered sex chromosomes. In 1905, soon after the rediscovery of Mendel's paper on genetics in 1900, she observed that male mealworms produced two kinds of sperm, one with a large chromosome and one with a small chromosome. When the sper...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mereotopology
In formal ontology, a branch of metaphysics, and in ontological computer science, mereotopology is a first-order theory, embodying mereological and topological concepts, of the relations among wholes, parts, parts of parts, and the boundaries between parts. History and motivation Mereotopology begins in philosophy wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20Beecher%20Wilson
Edmund Beecher Wilson (October 19, 1856 – March 3, 1939) was a pioneering American zoologist and geneticist. He wrote one of the most influential textbooks in modern biology, The Cell. He discovered the chromosomal XY sex-determination system in 1905—that human males have XY and females XX sex chromosomes. Nettie Steve...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiotic%20component
In biology and ecology, abiotic components or abiotic factors are non-living chemical and physical parts of the environment that affect living organisms and the functioning of ecosystems. Abiotic factors and the phenomena associated with them underpin biology as a whole. They affect a plethora of species, in all forms ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pullback%20bundle
In mathematics, a pullback bundle or induced bundle is the fiber bundle that is induced by a map of its base-space. Given a fiber bundle and a continuous map one can define a "pullback" of by as a bundle over . The fiber of over a point in is just the fiber of over . Thus is the disjoint union of all these f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AA%20tree
An AA tree in computer science is a form of balanced tree used for storing and retrieving ordered data efficiently. AA trees are named after their originator, Swedish computer scientist Arne Andersson. AA trees are a variation of the red–black tree, a form of binary search tree which supports efficient addition and de...