source
stringlengths
31
207
text
stringlengths
12
1.5k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20knowledge
Zero knowledge may mean: Zero-knowledge proof, a concept from cryptography, an interactive method for one party to prove to another that a (usually mathematical) statement is true, without revealing anything other than the veracity of the statement Non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, a common random string shared ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucurbituril
In host-guest chemistry, cucurbiturils are macrocyclic molecules made of glycoluril () monomers linked by methylene bridges (). The oxygen atoms are located along the edges of the band and are tilted inwards, forming a partly enclosed cavity (cavitand). The name is derived from the resemblance of this molecule with a p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular%20assembly
In chemistry, a supramolecular assembly is a complex of molecules held together by noncovalent bonds. While a supramolecular assembly can be simply composed of two molecules (e.g., a DNA double helix or an inclusion compound), or a defined number of stoichiometrically interacting molecules within a quaternary complex, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MCT
MCT may refer to: Astronomy A Maksutov–Cassegrain telescope Morning Civil Twilight, from when the center of the Sun is less than 6° below the horizon to sunrise. Biochemistry Medium-chain triglycerides, a class of fat with specific dietary and technical properties (also MCT oil) Monocarboxylate transporters, a famil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometric%20visibility
The interferometric visibility (also known as interference visibility and fringe visibility, or just visibility when in context) is a measure of the contrast of interference in any system subject to wave superposition. Examples include as optics, quantum mechanics, water waves, sound waves, or electrical signals. Visi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20module
The language module or language faculty is a hypothetical structure in the human brain which is thought to contain innate capacities for language, originally posited by Noam Chomsky. There is ongoing research into brain modularity in the fields of cognitive science and neuroscience, although the current idea is much we...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUP
Sup or SUP may refer to: Saskatchewan United Party, a political party in Saskatchewan Supremum or sup, in mathematics, the least upper bound Societas unius personae, proposed EU type of single-person company SUP Media or Sup Fabrik, a Russian internet company Sailors' Union of the Pacific Scottish Unionist Party...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20mathematics
Indian mathematics emerged in the Indian subcontinent from 1200 BCE until the end of the 18th century. In the classical period of Indian mathematics (400 CE to 1200 CE), important contributions were made by scholars like Aryabhata, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara II, and Varāhamihira. The decimal number system in use today was f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilevel%20feedback%20queue
In computer science, a multilevel feedback queue is a scheduling algorithm. Scheduling algorithms are designed to have some process running at all times to keep the central processing unit (CPU) busy. The multilevel feedback queue extends standard algorithms with the following design requirements: Separate processes in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prototype%20Verification%20System
The Prototype Verification System (PVS) is a specification language integrated with support tools and an automated theorem prover, developed at the Computer Science Laboratory of SRI International in Menlo Park, California. PVS is based on a kernel consisting of an extension of Church's theory of types with dependent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2060870
In electrical engineering and power system automation, the International Electrotechnical Commission 60870 standards define systems used for telecontrol (supervisory control and data acquisition). Such systems are used for controlling electric power transmission grids and other geographically widespread control systems...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999...
In mathematics, 0.999... (also written as 0., 0. or 0.(9)) is a notation for the repeating decimal consisting of an unending sequence of 9s after the decimal point. This repeating decimal is a numeral that represents the smallest number no less than every number in the sequence (0.9, 0.99, 0.999, ...); that is, the sup...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zitterbewegung
In physics, the zitterbewegung (, ) is the theoretical prediction of a rapid oscillatory motion of elementary particles that obey relativistic wave equations. This prediction was first discussed by Gregory Breit in 1928 and later by Erwin Schrödinger in 1930 as a result of analysis of the wave packet solutions of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake-in-the-box
The snake-in-the-box problem in graph theory and computer science deals with finding a certain kind of path along the edges of a hypercube. This path starts at one corner and travels along the edges to as many corners as it can reach. After it gets to a new corner, the previous corner and all of its neighbors must be m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picard%20group
In mathematics, the Picard group of a ringed space X, denoted by Pic(X), is the group of isomorphism classes of invertible sheaves (or line bundles) on X, with the group operation being tensor product. This construction is a global version of the construction of the divisor class group, or ideal class group, and is muc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron%20W.%20Krueger
Myron Krueger (born 1942 in Gary, Indiana) is an American computer artist who developed early interactive works. He is also considered to be one of the first generation virtual reality and augmented reality researchers. While earning a Ph.D. in Computer Science at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Krueger worked o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click%20chemistry
In chemical synthesis, click chemistry is a class of simple, atom-economy reactions commonly used for joining two molecular entities of choice. Click chemistry is not a single specific reaction, but describes a way of generating products that follow examples in nature, which also generates substances by joining small m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pete%20Nanos
George Peter Nanos Jr. is a retired vice admiral in the United States Navy and former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Early life Nanos is from Bedford, New Hampshire. He received his bachelor's degree and was a Trident Scholar at the United States Naval Academy in 1967 and received his doctorate in phy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Klein%20%28astronomer%29
Richard Klein is an Adjunct Professor of Astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley and a Scientific Staff Member at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Klein received his bachelor's degree in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1966 and his PhD in physics from Brandeis University i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAS
OAS or Oas may refer to: Chemistry O-Acetylserine, amino-acid involved in cysteine synthesis Computers Open-Architecture-System, the main user interface of Wersi musical keyboards OpenAPI Specification (originally Swagger Specification), specification for machine-readable interface files for RESTful Web services ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyck%20language
In the theory of formal languages of computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, a Dyck word is a balanced string of brackets. The set of Dyck words forms a Dyck language. The simplest, D1, use just two matching brackets, e.g. ( and ). Dyck words and language are named after the mathematician Walther von Dyck. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reynolds%20stress
In fluid dynamics, the Reynolds stress is the component of the total stress tensor in a fluid obtained from the averaging operation over the Navier–Stokes equations to account for turbulent fluctuations in fluid momentum. Definition The velocity field of a flow can be split into a mean part and a fluctuating part usin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20McKinnell
Henry A. McKinnell, Jr. (born February 23, 1943) is an American business executive, who served as the chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors of Pfizer Inc. from 2001 to 2006/2007. He is also a director of Moody's. Career He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. He originally worked t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Arnoul%20de%20Marneffe
Pierre-Arnoul Frédéric Guy Donat de Marneffe (August 19, 1946 – July 9, 2023) was a Belgian computer scientist and professor emeritus at the University of Liège (ULiège). He studied civil engineering (mechanics section) at the Faculté polytechnique de Mons (FPMs) and obtained a PhD in applied sciences at the University...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawdown%20%28hydrology%29
In hydrology, there are two similar but distinct definitions in use for the word drawdown: In subsurface hydrogeology, drawdown is the reduction in hydraulic head observed at a well in an aquifer, typically due to pumping a well as part of an aquifer test or well test. In surface water hydrology and civil engineerin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azide-alkyne%20Huisgen%20cycloaddition
The azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition is a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between an azide and a terminal or internal alkyne to give a 1,2,3-triazole. Rolf Huisgen was the first to understand the scope of this organic reaction. American chemist Karl Barry Sharpless has referred to this cycloaddition as "the cream of the cr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume%20form
In mathematics, a volume form or top-dimensional form is a differential form of degree equal to the differentiable manifold dimension. Thus on a manifold of dimension , a volume form is an -form. It is an element of the space of sections of the line bundle , denoted as . A manifold admits a nowhere-vanishing volume ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tautological%20one-form
In mathematics, the tautological one-form is a special 1-form defined on the cotangent bundle of a manifold In physics, it is used to create a correspondence between the velocity of a point in a mechanical system and its momentum, thus providing a bridge between Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics (on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rychard%20Bouwens
Rychard J. Bouwens is an associate professor at Leiden University. He is also a former member of the Advanced Camera for Surveys Guaranteed Time Observation team and postdoctoral research astronomer at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He obtained his bachelor's degree in physics, chemistry, and mathematics f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AF-heap
In computer science, the AF-heap is a type of priority queue for integer data, an extension of the fusion tree using an atomic heap proposed by M. L. Fredman and D. E. Willard. Using an AF-heap, it is possible to perform insert or decrease-key operations and delete-min operations on machine-integer keys in time . Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaf%20Karthaus
Olaf Karthaus (born 1963 in Koblenz) is a German polymer chemist and Professor at the Chitose Institute of Science and Technology in Chitose, Hokkaidō, Japan, researching polymer chemistry, thin films, photonics, and nanotechnology. Karthaus received a PhD from Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz in Mainz, Germany,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto%20Dabbene
Roberto Raul Dabbene (17 January 1864– 20 October 1938) was an Italian-Argentine ornithologist. Born in Turin, he studied at the University of Turin and received a doctorate in 1884 from the University of Genoa and moved to Argentina in 1887. After teaching chemistry at the Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, he moved to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20micelle%20concentration
In colloidal and surface chemistry, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is defined as the concentration of surfactants above which micelles form and all additional surfactants added to the system will form micelles. The CMC is an important characteristic of a surfactant. Before reaching the CMC, the surface tensi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Reverdy
Richard Ritter von Reverdy (29 January 1851 in Frankenthal – 31 May 1915 in Munich) was an expert for the government business in civil engineering. At first, he was in the Bavarian government's planning and building department and joined the Heilmann & Littmann construction company as a partner and managing director on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Bromosuccinimide
N-Bromosuccinimide or NBS is a chemical reagent used in radical substitution, electrophilic addition, and electrophilic substitution reactions in organic chemistry. NBS can be a convenient source of Br•, the bromine radical. Preparation NBS is commercially available. It can also be synthesized in the laboratory. To do...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Dertouzos
Michael Leonidas Dertouzos (; November 5, 1936 – August 27, 2001) was a professor in the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Director of the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS) from 1974 to 2001. Dertouzos predicted the expansion of com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Szameit
Michael Szameit (1950 – 30 May 2014) was a German science fiction writer. Born 1950 in Priessen (now part of Doberlug-Kirchhain), in East Germany, he became an electrician before beginning to study physics, which he had to abandon for health reasons. Later he worked as a sound technician, eventually becoming head of a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olefin%20metathesis
In organic chemistry, olefin metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the scission and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often creates fewer undesired by-products and hazardous wastes than...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omega%20function
In mathematics, omega function refers to a function using the Greek letter omega, written ω or Ω. (big omega) may refer to: The lower bound in Big O notation, , meaning that the function dominates in some limit The prime omega function , giving the total number of prime factors of , counting them with their mult...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-means%20clustering
k-means clustering is a method of vector quantization, originally from signal processing, that aims to partition n observations into k clusters in which each observation belongs to the cluster with the nearest mean (cluster centers or cluster centroid), serving as a prototype of the cluster. This results in a partition...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20W.%20Golomb
Solomon Wolf Golomb (; May 30, 1932 – May 1, 2016) was an American mathematician, engineer, and professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California, best known for his works on mathematical games. Most notably, he invented Cheskers (a hybrid between chess and checkers) in 1948. He also fully de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal%20pool
In computer science, and specifically in compiler and assembler design, a literal pool is a lookup table used to hold literals during assembly and execution. Multiple (local) literal pools are typically used only for computer architectures that lack branch instructions for long jumps, or have a set of instructions opt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Zimmermann%20%28engineer%29
Joseph Zimmermann (1912 – March 31, 2004) was an engineer, born in Kenosha, Wisconsin who invented the first answering machine, called the "Electronic Secretary". Zimmermann graduated from Marquette University in 1935 with a degree in electrical engineering. He served in the U.S. Army Signal Corps during World War II a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ternary%20plot
A ternary plot, ternary graph, triangle plot, simplex plot, or Gibbs triangle is a barycentric plot on three variables which sum to a constant. It graphically depicts the ratios of the three variables as positions in an equilateral triangle. It is used in physical chemistry, petrology, mineralogy, metallurgy, and other...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%20Song
Su Song (, 1020–1101), courtesy name Zirong (), was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman. Excelling in a variety of fields, he was accomplished in mathematics, astronomy, cartography, geography, horology, pharmacology, mineralogy, metallurgy, zoology, botany, mechanical engineering, hydraulic engineering, civil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20map
In cartography, geology, and robotics, a topological map is a type of diagram that has been simplified so that only vital information remains and unnecessary detail has been removed. These maps lack scale, also distance and direction are subject to change and/or variation, but the topological relationship between point...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus%20Levinthal
Cyrus Levinthal (May 2, 1922 – November 4, 1990) was an American molecular biologist. Biography Levinthal graduated with a Ph.D. in physics from University of California, Berkeley and taught physics at the University of Michigan for seven years before moving to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1957. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ageia
Ageia, founded in 2002, was a fabless semiconductor company. In 2004, Ageia acquired NovodeX, the company who created PhysX – a Physics Processing Unit chip capable of performing game physics calculations much faster than general purpose CPUs; they also licensed out the PhysX SDK (formerly NovodeX SDK), a large physics...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhysX
PhysX is an open-source realtime physics engine middleware SDK developed by Nvidia as a part of Nvidia GameWorks software suite. Initially, video games supporting PhysX were meant to be accelerated by PhysX PPU (expansion cards designed by Ageia). However, after Ageia's acquisition by Nvidia, dedicated PhysX cards hav...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocomputation
Geocomputation (sometimes GeoComputation) is a field of study at the intersection of geography and computation. See also Geoinformatics Geomathematics Geographic information system Bibliography Openshaw, S., and R. J. Abrahart. (1996). “Geocomputation.” In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on GeoComput...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Feindel
William Howard Feindel (July 12, 1918 – January 12, 2014) was a Canadian neurosurgeon, scientist and professor. Born in Bridgewater, Nova Scotia, he received a B.A. in Biology from Acadia University in 1939, a M.Sc. from Dalhousie University in 1942, and an M.D., C.M. from McGill University in 1945. Attending Merton ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Moffat%20%28physicist%29
John W. Moffat (born 24 May 1932) is a Canadian physicist. He is currently professor emeritus of physics at the University of Toronto and is also an adjunct professor of physics at the University of Waterloo and a resident affiliate member of the Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics. Moffat is best known for hi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millennium%20Prize
Millennium Prize may refer to: Millennium Prize Problems of Clay Mathematics Institute Millennium Technology Prize of Finland
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loammi%20Baldwin
Colonel Loammi Baldwin (January 10, 1744 – October 20, 1807) was a noted American engineer, politician, and a soldier in the American Revolutionary War. Baldwin is known as the Father of American Civil Engineering. His five sons, Cyrus Baldwin (1773–1854), Benjamin Franklin Baldwin (1777–1821), Loammi Baldwin, Jr. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic%20triangle
In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the monochromatic triangle problem is an algorithmic problem on graphs, in which the goal is to partition the edges of a given graph into two triangle-free subgraphs. It is NP-complete but fixed-parameter tractable on graphs of bounded treewidth. Problem statement The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology
Cosmology () is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis. Religious or mythological cosmology is a body ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization%20%28disambiguation%29
Colonization is the process of establishing a colony. Colonization or colonisation may also refer to: In the United States, before the Civil War, the philosophy or policy of sending African Americans to Africa, supported by the American Colonization Society and origin of Liberia Colonisation (biology), the process i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Chemistry
Advanced Placement (AP) Chemistry (also known as AP Chem) is a course and examination offered by the College Board as a part of the Advanced Placement Program to give American and Canadian high school students the opportunity to demonstrate their abilities and earn college-level credit. AP Chemistry has the lowest test...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20filter
Electronic filters are a type of signal processing filter in the form of electrical circuits. This article covers those filters consisting of lumped electronic components, as opposed to distributed-element filters. That is, using components and interconnections that, in analysis, can be considered to exist at a singl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Glacier%20Monitoring%20Service
The World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) was started in 1986, combining the two former services PSFG (Permanent Service on Fluctuations of Glaciers) and TTS/WGI (Temporal Technical Secretary/World Glacier Inventory). It is a service of the International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences of the International Un...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%20Reviews%20Neuroscience
Nature Reviews Neuroscience is a monthly peer-reviewed review journal published by Nature Portfolio. It was established in 2000. The editor-in-chief is Darran Yates. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: PubMed/MEDLINE Science Citation Index Expanded Scopus According to the Journal Citat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20filter
In signal processing, a nonlinear (or non-linear) filter is a filter whose output is not a linear function of its input. That is, if the filter outputs signals R and S for two input signals r and s separately, but does not always output αR + βS when the input is a linear combination αr + βs. Both continuous-domain an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodruff%20T.%20Sullivan%20III
Woodruff T. Sullivan III ("Woody" Sullivan) (born 1944) is a U.S. physicist and astronomer, known primarily for his work in astrobiology, galactic astronomy and extragalactic astronomy, history of astronomy, gnomonics, and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI). Sullivan was born in Colorado, USA. He went...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonical%20ring
In mathematics, the pluricanonical ring of an algebraic variety V (which is nonsingular), or of a complex manifold, is the graded ring of sections of powers of the canonical bundle K. Its nth graded component (for ) is: that is, the space of sections of the n-th tensor product Kn of the canonical bundle K. The 0th ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgi%20Japaridze
Giorgi Japaridze (also spelled Giorgie Dzhaparidze) is a Georgian-American researcher in logic and theoretical computer science. He currently holds the title of Full Professor at the Computing Sciences Department of Villanova University. Japaridze is best known for his invention of computability logic, cirquent calculu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20quadratic%20form
In mathematics, a binary quadratic form is a quadratic homogeneous polynomial in two variables where a, b, c are the coefficients. When the coefficients can be arbitrary complex numbers, most results are not specific to the case of two variables, so they are described in quadratic form. A quadratic form with integ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organotin%20chemistry
Organotin chemistry is the scientific study of the synthesis and properties of organotin compounds or stannanes, which are organometallic compounds containing tin–carbon bonds. The first organotin compound was diethyltin diiodide (), discovered by Edward Frankland in 1849. The area grew rapidly in the 1900s, especially...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20precession
In physics, the Thomas precession, named after Llewellyn Thomas, is a relativistic correction that applies to the spin of an elementary particle or the rotation of a macroscopic gyroscope and relates the angular velocity of the spin of a particle following a curvilinear orbit to the angular velocity of the orbital moti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecularity
In chemistry, molecularity is the number of molecules that come together to react in an elementary (single-step) reaction and is equal to the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of reactants in the elementary reaction with effective collision (sufficient energy) and correct orientation. Depending on how many molecules c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit
Implicit may refer to: Mathematics Implicit function Implicit function theorem Implicit curve Implicit surface Implicit differential equation Other uses Implicit assumption, in logic Implicit-association test, in social psychology Implicit bit, in floating-point arithmetic Implicit learning, in learning psyc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Toomer
Ronald Valentine Toomer (May 31, 1930 – September 26, 2011) was an American roller coaster designer credited for designing 93 roller coasters around the world. He graduated from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1961 with a degree in mechanical engineering and was a part of the design team responsible for the Apollo sp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetrical%20components
In electrical engineering, the method of symmetrical components simplifies analysis of unbalanced three-phase power systems under both normal and abnormal conditions. The basic idea is that an asymmetrical set of N phasors can be expressed as a linear combination of N symmetrical sets of phasors by means of a complex l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SLOSS%20debate
The SLOSS debate was a debate in ecology and conservation biology during the 1970's and 1980's as to whether a single large or several small (SLOSS) reserves were a superior means of conserving biodiversity in a fragmented habitat. Since its inception, multiple alternate theories have been proposed. There have been app...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction%20selection
In computer science, instruction selection is the stage of a compiler backend that transforms its middle-level intermediate representation (IR) into a low-level IR. In a typical compiler, instruction selection precedes both instruction scheduling and register allocation; hence its output IR has an infinite set of pseu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobweb%20plot
A cobweb plot, or Verhulst diagram is a visual tool used in the dynamical systems field of mathematics to investigate the qualitative behaviour of one-dimensional iterated functions, such as the logistic map. Using a cobweb plot, it is possible to infer the long term status of an initial condition under repeated applic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waves%20in%20plasmas
In plasma physics, waves in plasmas are an interconnected set of particles and fields which propagate in a periodically repeating fashion. A plasma is a quasineutral, electrically conductive fluid. In the simplest case, it is composed of electrons and a single species of positive ions, but it may also contain multiple ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno%20University%20of%20Technology
Brno University of Technology (abbreviated: BUT; in Czech: Vysoké učení technické v Brně – Czech abbreviation: VUT) is a university located in Brno, Czech Republic. Being founded in 1899 and initially offering a single course in civil engineering, it grew to become a major technical Czech university with over 18,000 st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93orbit%20interaction
In quantum physics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential. A key example of this phenomenon is the spin–orbit interaction leading to shifts in an electron's atomic energy levels, due to ele...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthase
In biochemistry, a synthase is an enzyme that catalyses a synthesis process. Note that, originally, biochemical nomenclature distinguished synthetases and synthases. Under the original definition, synthases do not use energy from nucleoside triphosphates (such as ATP, GTP, CTP, TTP, and UTP), whereas synthetases...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%20Diamond
Apollo Diamond Inc. was a company based in Boston, Massachusetts that was able to produce nearly flawless single crystal diamond wafers and crystals for potential use in the optoelectronics, nanotechnology, and consumer gem markets. The company used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the production of their gem-sized ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rope%20trick
The term rope trick may refer to: Magic trick, any trick involving a rope Indian rope trick, a trick involving causing a rope to appear to levitate in the air and then climbing up it Nylon rope trick, a demonstration of the chemical principles of step-growth polymerization Rope trick effect, in physics, seen in pho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20ring
In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly, the term "zero ring" is used to refer to any rng of square zero, i.e., a rng in which for all x and y. This article refers to the one-element ring.) In the category...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20plasma
Relativistic plasmas in physics are plasmas for which relativistic corrections to a particle's mass and velocity are important. Such corrections typically become important when a significant number of electrons reach speeds greater than 0.86c (Lorentz factor =2). Such plasmas may be created either by heating a gas to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HEV
HEV or variation, may refer to: Transportation HÉV, a system of suburban railway lines in Budapest, Hungary Hever railway station (rail code: HEV), in England, UK Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) Hydrogen electric vehicle Hummer EV (Hev), the GM Hummer electric vehicle, an all-electric offroading pickup truck Biolog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Astronomical%20Observatory
The Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) is a high-altitude astronomy station located in Hanle, India and operated by the Indian Institute of Astrophysics. Situated in the Western Himalayas at an elevation of 4,500 meters (14,764 ft), the IAO is one of the world's highest located sites for optical, infrared and gamma-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual%20stress
In materials science and solid mechanics, residual stresses are stresses that remain in a solid material after the original cause of the stresses has been removed. Residual stress may be desirable or undesirable. For example, laser peening imparts deep beneficial compressive residual stresses into metal components such...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGA
HGA can stand for: Hammel, Green and Abrahamson, an architecture firm Handweavers Guild of America Holy Guardian Angel, a religious term High-gain antenna, for radio Human granulocytic anaplasmosis, a disease Hargeisa Airport Human Genetics Alert, originally Campaign Against Human Genetic Engineering
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Collip
James Bertram Collip (November 20, 1892 – June 19, 1965) was a Canadian biochemist who was part of the Toronto group which isolated insulin. He served as the chair of the department of biochemistry at McGill University from 1928 to 1941 and dean of medicine at the University of Western Ontario from 1947 to 1961, where...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20filter
An elliptic filter (also known as a Cauer filter, named after Wilhelm Cauer, or as a Zolotarev filter, after Yegor Zolotarev) is a signal processing filter with equalized ripple (equiripple) behavior in both the passband and the stopband. The amount of ripple in each band is independently adjustable, and no other filte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False%20statement
A false statement is a statement that is not true. Although the word fallacy is sometimes used as a synonym for false statement, that is not how the word is used in philosophy, mathematics, logic and most formal contexts. A false statement does not need to be a lie. A lie is a statement that is known to be untrue and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repressor
In molecular genetics, a repressor is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes by binding to the operator or associated silencers. A DNA-binding repressor blocks the attachment of RNA polymerase to the promoter, thus preventing transcription of the genes into messenger RNA. An RN...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20Heisenberg%20model
The Classical Heisenberg model, developed by Werner Heisenberg, is the case of the n-vector model, one of the models used in statistical physics to model ferromagnetism, and other phenomena. Definition It can be formulated as follows: take a d-dimensional lattice, and a set of spins of the unit length , each one pl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernd%20Pischetsrieder
Bernd Peter Pischetsrieder (born 15 February 1948) is a German automobile engineer and manager. Early life and education Pischetsrieder was born in Munich, Bavaria, and studied Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Munich from 1968 to 1972. He earned the degree of Diplom-Ingenieur. Career BMW Pischet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Lynn
Greg Lynn (born 1964) is an American architect, founder and owner of the Greg Lynn FORM office, an o. University Professor in the Institute of Architecture at the University of Applied Arts Vienna and a professor at the UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture. He is CEO and co-founder of the Boston based robotics comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection
Connection may refer to: Mathematics Connection (algebraic framework) Connection (mathematics), a way of specifying a derivative of a geometrical object along a vector field on a manifold Connection (affine bundle) Connection (composite bundle) Connection (fibred manifold) Connection (principal bundle), gives the deri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nernst%20effect
In physics and chemistry, the Nernst effect (also termed first Nernst–Ettingshausen effect, after Walther Nernst and Albert von Ettingshausen) is a thermoelectric (or thermomagnetic) phenomenon observed when a sample allowing electrical conduction is subjected to a magnetic field and a temperature gradient normal (perp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C2%2C6%2C6-Tetramethylpiperidine
2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine, abbreviated TMP, HTMP, or TMPH, is an organic compound of the amine class. In appearance, it is a colorless liquid and has a "fishy", amine-like odor. This amine is used in chemistry as a hindered base (hindered amine). Although TMP finds limited use per se, its derivatives are a mainsta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telluride%20%28chemistry%29
The telluride ion is the anion Te2− and its derivatives. It is analogous to the other chalcogenide anions, the lighter O2−, S2−, and Se2−, and the heavier Po2−. In principle, Te2− is formed by the two-e− reduction of tellurium. The redox potential is −1.14 V. Te(s) + 2 e− ↔ Te2− Although solutions of the telluride dia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming%20bound
In mathematics and computer science, in the field of coding theory, the Hamming bound is a limit on the parameters of an arbitrary block code: it is also known as the sphere-packing bound or the volume bound from an interpretation in terms of packing balls in the Hamming metric into the space of all possible words. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Barham
Peter Barham (born 1950) is emeritus professor of physics at the University of Bristol. He was visiting professor of Molecular Gastronomy at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. Early life Peter Barham was born in 1950. He received his BSc from the University of Warwick, and his MSc and PhD from the University of Br...