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Quem quer ser milionário? is the Portuguese adaptation of the British game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?. Broadcast by RTP1 since its debut on 24 January 2000, the show has aired intermittently in the ensuing decades, with several different hosts.
Money tree
Original format
Hot Seat format
History
The first episode was shown on RTP1, presented by Carlos Cruz and with a jackpot of 50 million Portuguese escudos. The original version of the show ran until April 2001, being later presented by Maria Elisa Domingues and Diogo Infante.
The show returned in September 2003 with Jorge Gabriel as host. He remained in position until 2008, though the show had a hiatus between 2006 and 2007.
From July 2010 to September 2011, and again in 2015, José Carlos Malato presented a Hotseat version of the show titled Quem quer ser milionário? Alta Pressão. Inbetween, from September 2013 to April 2015, a regular version was hosted by Manuela Moura Guedes.
For the show's 20th anniversary, the Hotseat version returned in June 2020, hosted by Filomena Cautela and with a jackpot of €50,000.
References
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?
2000 Portuguese television series debuts
Rádio e Televisão de Portugal original programming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quem%20quer%20ser%20milion%C3%A1rio%3F
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The Turbomeca Aubisque was a small turbofan engine designed and produced by Turbomeca in the 1960s. Its only application was the Saab 105 military trainer aircraft as the RM9. The engine is named after the Col d'Aubisque in the Pyrenees mountains, in line with company tradition.
The earlier Turbomeca Marboré turbojet was originally intended for the Saab 105, but when Saab needed more thrust than the Marboré produced, Turbomeca offered the Aubisque turbofan, a turbofan version of the Turbomeca Bastan turboprop. The Aubisque went into production for the Saab 105 and about 300 were produced, remaining in service for 30 years until replaced in the mid-1990s, by the Williams FJ44 turbofan, for surviving Swedish Air Force Saab 105s.
Applications
Saab 105
Specifications (Aubisque 1A)
See also
References
Further reading
Aubisque
Low-bypass turbofan engines
1960s turbofan engines
Centrifugal-flow turbojet engines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbomeca%20Aubisque
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Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii (Treatise on Saint Patrick's Purgatory) is a Latin text written about 1180–1184 by a monk who identified himself as H. of Saltrey. The author is traditionally known as Henry, though this was an insertion and invention of Matthew of Paris and has been contested in the influential work of historian Jacques le Goff. H de Saltrey was a Cistercian in Huntingdonshire.
Date and provenance
The Tractatus tells of the journey of an Irish knight, Owein (a version of the Irish name Eógan), to St Patrick's Purgatory in Lough Derg, County Donegal, now in the Republic of Ireland, where he journeys through Purgatory and the Earthly Paradise. Owein's journey is dated by Henry of Saltrey to the reign of King Stephen of England between 1135 and 1154. Henry states that his source was Gilbert, a monk in Lincoln who visited Ireland in 1148 to found a monastery at Baltinglass in County Wicklow. Since Gilbert spoke no Irish, he was introduced to the knight Owein, who became his interpreter during his two-year stay in Ireland.
The text
The Tractatus is dedicated to Abbot Hugh of Sartris. The introductory section is composed of six parts, a theological survey of the otherworld, an account of Irish scepticism of Saint Patrick's teaching, an example given by Gilbert of the savagery of the Irish, how Christ revealed Saint Patrick's Purgatory to Patrick, an account of a saintly former prior at the Purgatory, and the rituals practiced by the pilgrims who came there.
The narrative of Owein's visit begins with an account of how the knight was moved to make reparation for his sins after attending confession. On entering the cave he made his way to a great field in which was a hall which resembled a cloister. There he was greeted by fifteen men who appeared to be monks and were dressed entirely in white. Their prior gave Owein advice on how he should complete his journey safely, by calling on the name of Jesus Christ if ever he found himself in difficulty. Shortly after the men had departed Owein heard a great roar and a vast number of demons rushed towards him. These demons bind Owein and throw him into a fire, but he is delivered when he calls on Christ.
Owein journeys across a series of plains where the souls in purgatory undergo tortures at the hand of demons. The sufferings of the souls in purgatory are described in detailed and vivid terms. The demons repeatedly try to torture Owein, but he escapes each time he utters Christ's name. Finally he comes to a great, fiery river which emits a great stench and is filled with demons. The demons reveal that beneath this river is the entrance to Hell. A narrow and slippery bridge provides the only means of traversing this river safely. When Owein calls upon the name of Jesus the bridge widens enough for him to cross comfortably.
The account of purgatory is followed by a homily comparing the severity of purgatorial pains with the sufferings of the present world and exhorting the reader to pray for the dead.
On the other side of the bridge lies the Earthly Paradise. Two archbishops greet Owein and take him through a land filled with flowers, singing, sweet smells and joy. Owein is told that this is a place of rest for souls who have been purified in purgatory before their entry into heaven. The archbishops take the knight to the top of a high mountain from where he can make out the gates of the celestial heaven.
A second homily is inserted here asking the reader to always remember the happiness of the saints and the pain of the sinful.
Owein receives some of the manna-like heavenly food which the inhabitants of both the celestial and earthly paradises enjoy. He is then told he must return to the world to live out the rest of his life. He returns by the way he came and this time the devils flee from him in terror.
Henry concludes by relating how Gilbert met Owein and recounted his tale to Henry himself. Gilbert's also gives the testimony of a monk who was abducted by devils one night as further proof of the authenticity of Owein's story. Henry adds an account of his own researches into the story. He interviewed two Irish abbots about the purgatory and bishop Florentianus, who gives an account of a hermit living near Lough Derg who is visited by demons.
Influence
The Tractatus was arguably the most popular vision of Purgatory throughout the Middle Ages and survives in over 30 versions in almost every European vernacular. More than 150 manuscripts of the Latin text are extant. It was read and adapted long after several ideas feature prominently in it fell out of mainstream belief (e.g. the idea of the earthly paradise as an afterlife location where souls would spend time between their period in purgatory and their entry into heaven).
Among the most famous versions of the Tractatus is the Anglo-Norman translation the Legend of the Purgatory of St. Patrick by Marie de France. The Auchinleck manuscript preserves a version in Middle English verse. The story was almost certainly known to Dante.
In its themes, Irish background, and breadth of influence, it is comparable to the Visio Tnugdali. The two texts are nearly contemporary and frequently appear in the same manuscripts. Like the Visio Tnugdali, the Tractatus was instrumental in shaping popular ideas of the Otherworld.
References
Bibliography
Easting, Robert: The Date and Dedication of the Tractatus de Purgatorio Sancti Patricii.: Speculum, Jahrgang 53, Heft 4/10/1978, pp. 778–783.
Haren, Michael and Yolande de Pontfarcy, The Medieval Pilgrimage to St Patrick's Purgatory: Lough Derg and the European Tradition Clogher Historical Society, 1988.
Zaleski, Carol G.: St. Patrick's Purgatory: Pilgrimage Motifs in a Medieval Otherworld Vision.: Journal of the History of Ideas, Jahrgang 46, Heft 4, 1985, pp. 467–485.
Le Goff, Jacques: Die Geburt des Fegefeuers: Vom Wandel des Weltbildes im Mittelalter. Klett-Cotta im Deutschen Taschenbuch Verlag, München 1990, .
12th-century Latin books
Visionary literature
Irish literature
Literature of England
Treatises
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tractatus%20de%20Purgatorio%20Sancti%20Patricii
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IRSA (Institute for Art Historical Research) primarily operates as a publishing house in the field of scholarly art historical texts. It is the publisher of the international periodical Artibus et Historiae; however, it also publishes important volumes by eminent scholars through its Bibliotheca Artibus et Historiae. Among its publications are exhibition catalogues, artists’ biographies and autobiographies, and even a book of poetry.
In addition to publishing scholarly texts, IRSA organizes research work and exhibitions of historical and contemporary art, to which it supplements catalogues.
Within the framework of its activities, IRSA collaborates with both universities and museums worldwide.
History
Established in 1979 by the Polish art historian Józef Grabski, the Institute was initially based in Venice (1979–1982) and hence the acronym IRSA, Istituto per le Ricerche di Storia dell’Arte. From there it moved to Florence and Vienna, and finally in 1996 to Cracow, Poland.
Dr. Grabski’s initiative to create a new art periodical as the main activity of the institute was the result of what was observed as a lack of an independent and, significantly, interdisciplinary journal dedicated to art history. His idea came to fruition with a group of art historians gathered after the International Congress of the History of Art (CIHA) in Bologna in 1979 and IRSA as an Institute and as a publisher came into being. That same year (but already dated 1980) the first issue of Artibus et Historiae appeared. Since that time the periodical has appeared in uninterrupted sequence on a semi-annual basis.
In 2019 IRSA will celebrate 40 years as an international institute and publishing house.
References
External links
IRSA website
Publishing companies of Poland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRSA
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The 1970 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Warwick Farm Raceway in New South Wales, Australia on 22 November 1970. The race, which was the thirty fifth Australian Grand Prix, was open to Formula 5000 cars, 2.5-litre Australian Formula 1 cars and Australian Formula 2 cars. For the first time since 1956, the race was not a round of either the Australian Drivers' Championship or the Tasman Series.
Frank Matich started from pole position, won the race, his first Australian Grand Prix victory, and set the fastest race lap.
Classification
Results as follows:
Qualifying
Race
Notes
Pole position: Frank Matich - 1'23.9
Fastest lap: Frank Matich - 1'24.8
References
Grand Prix
Australian Grand Prix
Formula 5000 race reports
Motorsport at Warwick Farm
Australian Grand Prix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%20Australian%20Grand%20Prix
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is a Japanese film producer and a critic, and also as known as , a music producer.
Biography
Tatsuya Kimura was born in 1964 in Kyoto, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Debuted as a critic in his high school days. He graduated Waseda University in Tokyo in 1987.
In 1993, he joined in and wrote for Cahiers du cinéma Japon with Shinji Aoyama, Kiyoshi Kurosawa and Makoto Shinozaki. During 2003 - 2007, he nominated newcomers for Kido Award and found new scenarists, Ryō Wada, Tomonori Ozaki and Sachiko Tanaka (later, a writer for Kiyoshi Kurosawa's Tokyo Sonata). He worked for The 49th Asia Pacific Film Festival as a director in 2004. In December 2005, Jury for The 9th Scenario Award in Hakodate Port Illumination Film Festival 2005, with Yoichi Sai, George Iida and Hiroshi Aramata. In February 2006, he acted with his friends and artists like Ay-O, Genpei Akasegawa and Ryuichi Sakamoto in Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo for the first event in the world for Nam June Paik's death.
Selected filmography
The Hitman: Blood Smells Like Roses (ザ・ヒットマン 血はバラの匂い, 1991) as an assistant director
J movie wars: Tsuki wa dotchi ni dete iru (月はどっちに出ている, 1993) - Japanese Professional Movie Award 1994
Mechanical Violator Hakaider (人造人間ハカイダー, 1995)
Blooming Again (死に花, 2004)
Taitei no Ken (大帝の剣, 2007)
God's Puzzle (神様のパズル, 2008)
The Harimaya Bridge (The Harimaya Bridge はりまや橋, 2009)
Boku to mama no kiiroi jitensha (ぼくとママの黄色い自転車, 2009)
References
External links
Tatsuya Kimura works - Bibliography (ja)
Picture Yourself Sound School - Picture Yourself Sound School Official Weblog (ja)
Japanese film producers
Japanese record producers
Japanese DJs
Japanese screenwriters
Japanese music critics
Japanese film critics
Japanese art critics
1964 births
Living people
People from Kyoto
Waseda University alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsuya%20Kimura
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The Norwegian Support Committee for Chechnya () is a Norwegian advocacy group supportive of Chechen autonomy.
Organization
Non-partisan, its purpose is to "work for immediate, total and unconditional withdrawal of all Russian military forces [from Chechnya] and for the right of the Chechen people to autonomy". In addition it works to spread information about the situation in Chechnya, to help organize developmental support within Chechnya, and to assist Chechen refugees in Norway and other countries.
Its board of directors are chaired by Hilde Jørgensen. Members of the board include former national legislator Ingvald Godal and the Norwegian PEN chairman Kjell Olaf Jensen.
Attention
The committee has played a somewhat controversial role in Norwegian politics. Following the Moscow theater hostage crisis in October 2002, Ingvald Godal said of the terrorists that "I understand their action, even though I do not defend it". He later claimed that he failedly attempted to enlist Norway as a negotiator during the crisis. In November the same year, ahead of a state visit by Vladimir Putin in Norway, Ingvald Godal filed a prosecution request to the Police of Norway. He also suggested that the Prime Minister of Norway take initiative to an international criminal tribunal for Chechnya. The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs replied that a police prosecution of a foreign head of state is not possible, and rebuffed the latter proposal.
During Putin's visit, the committee held a demonstration together with Amnesty International, the Norwegian Helsinki Committee for Human Rights and Norwegian Church Aid. The committee has engaged in other peaceful protests, such as a 2007 memorial of Anna Politkovskaya in cooperation with the Helsinki Committee, the Norwegian PEN, the Human Rights House, the Norwegian Union of Journalists and Nobel Peace Center.
In 2004 the committee and the Socialist Left Party of Norway invited Ahmed Zakayev, a separatist exiled in the United Kingdom, to visit Norway. The Norwegian ambassador to Russia Øyvind Nordsletten received a letter from the Solicitor General of Russia, who called the visit "blasphemous" and demanded extradition. Another visit to Norway by Zakayev followed in December 2004. As a result, counsellor Paul G. Larsen at the Embassy of Norway in Moscow was summoned to the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs in what journalist Carsten Thomassen described as a "forceful diplomatic reaction".
See also
Norway–Russia relations
References
Chechnya
Political advocacy groups in Norway
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian%20Support%20Committee%20for%20Chechnya
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Louis Barnett Abrahams (3 October 1839 – 3 June 1918) was a British educator, the headmaster of the Jews' Free School in London.
Abrahams was prominent, and articles about him appeared regularly in mainstream British Jewish publications in his lifetime, including The Jewish Chronicle, The Jewish Encyclopedia, the Jewish Yearbook (UK - 1899), and the Young Israel (December 1899).
Education and teaching
Abrahams began his studies at the Manchester Hebrew School, but left there to go to London, where he lived with his uncle, Rabbi Aaron Levy, a sofer and dayan (judge) on the London Beth Din. He became a student-teacher at the Jews' Free School on 1 June 1854, and then entered the University of London, completing a bachelor's of arts degree in 1863.
He became a teacher at the Jews' Free School, and became head of the English department in 1864. While continuing to teach there, he also studied at John Curwen's Tonic Sol-Fa College, graduating in 1874 and adding music to the subjects he taught at the Jews' Free School. He became a school administrator in 1884 and headmaster in 1897, succeeding Moses Angel.
As Moses Angel did before him, Abrahams disliked the Yiddish spoken by Jews newly arrived to England in a wave of immigration from Russia. In a 1905 speech at a prize-giving ceremony, he called Yiddish "that miserable jargon which was not a language at all". Instead, he favored immersion in English as a way of quickly assimilating Yiddish-speaking students. Along with the introduction of music to the curriculum, he founded a cadet corps at the school, built a gymnasium, and organized sporting activities for the students. He also moved the school away from purely theoretical studies and towards technical and vocational training, by opening new physics and chemistry laboratories and woodworking and metalworking shops. Under his leadership the school became "the largest public elementary school in the world". He retired from the school in 1907.
Other activities
Abrahams founded a periodical, the Jewish Record, in 1868, and served as its first editor for three years. He also helped found the Jewish Educational Board and the Teachers' Training Committee, and worked with several local benevolent societies. After retiring, he became honorary president of the synagogue at Westcliff-on-Sea.
A portrait of Abrahams by Solomon Joseph Solomon was a part of an exhibition at the Burlington House in the Royal Academy of Arts in 1908.
Personal
Abrahams was born on 3 October 1839 in Swansea.
His father, Barnett Abrahams (1785–1868), taught Hebrew there, and became cantor in Manchester in 1845. His mother, Hannah, was Barnett's second wife, came from a Polish family, and died in 1868. Abrahams married Fannie Rosetta Mosely on 11 February 1869; they had two children. His son, Bertram Louis Abrahams (1870–1908) was a physician, a member of the Royal College of Surgeons, and a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. He died on 3 June 1918.
Publications
Abrahams was the author of:
Murby's Chronological History of England (1870)
A manual of Scriptural History for Jewish Schools and Families (1882)
A Translation of the Prayer-Book for School Use (1908)
His translation of the prayer-book was widely used in Jewish schools throughout England.
A sonnet by Abrahams was included in The Standard Book of Jewish Verse.
References
1839 births
1918 deaths
People from Swansea
Welsh Jews
Heads of schools in London
Jewish educators
Alumni of the University of London
English editors
Welsh editors
20th-century British educators
19th-century British educators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Barnett%20Abrahams
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Sir Robert Tuite Boothby KBE (29 June 1871 – 7 February 1941) was a British banker.
Career
He was born in St Andrews in Fife, the son of Col Robert Tod Boothby of the Royal Artillery, and his wife Madeline Condie.
Boothby studied at the University of St Andrews. He was the manager of the Scottish Provident Institution from 1920 to 1940, and a director of the Bank of Scotland. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1929, and was also a member of the Royal Company of Archers.
He lived in Beechwood House in Corstorphine, previously the home of Sir Alexander Asher.
He is buried with his wife in Corstorphine churchyard in Edinburgh immediately east of the church.
Family
His brother-in-law was James Graham Watson, his predecessor at Scottish Life.
He married Mabel Lancaster, daughter of Henry Hill Lancaster, on 27 September 1898. They had one son, Robert Boothby, born in 1900.
References
Scottish bankers
1871 births
1941 deaths
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Directors of the Bank of Scotland
Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Members of the Royal Company of Archers
Businesspeople from Edinburgh
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Tuite%20Boothby
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The Real Estate and Business Brokers Acts is the legislation regulating the individual brokers and businesses registered to trade in real estate in Ontario, Canada. The most recent version, the Real Estate and Business Brokers Acts, 2002, came into force in Ontario, Canada on March 31, 2006. Sections 50 to 53, dealing with the creation of regulations, were enabled on November 7, 2005. Section 8, dealing with specialist certifications, has yet to be proclaimed. REBBA is administered by the Real Estate Council of Ontario on behalf of the Ontario Ministry of Consumer Services.
The Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 2002, replaces the Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 1990. Notable changes with the new legislation include:
modernized framework for registering and regulating brokerages, brokers and salespersons
rules of trading moved from previous Act to new Act's Regulations
procedures and programs previously found in RECO by-laws, e.g., insurance, continuing education, code of ethics and complaints process
increased maximum fines for violations of the Act
The first Real Estate Brokers Act was passed in Ontario in 1930.
See also
Mortgage Brokerages, Lenders and Administrators Act
References
External links
RECO Guide to REBBA 2002
Real estate in Canada
Ontario provincial legislation
2002 in Canadian law
2002 in Ontario
Housing legislation in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Estate%20and%20Business%20Brokers%20Act
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Olong O. "Ollie" Ogbu (born May 18, 1987) is a Defensive Line coach for Lake Erie College in Painesville, Ohio. Prior to this year he coached Defensive Line at Wagner College, The University of New Haven, Blinn College & Montana State University- Northern. Previously an American Football defensive end for the Spring League and Hudson Valley Fort of the Fall Experimental Football League (FXFL). Before signing with the Indianapolis Colts as an undrafted free agent in 2011, he was a team captain and four-year starter at Penn State.
Early years
At St. Joseph by the Sea High School, Ogbu’s speed and strength on the football field caught the attention of then Penn State assistant coach Brian Norwood, who recruited him to come to Penn State. He spent one year at Milford Academy, where he was named a PrepStar Magazine All-American.
College career
Nicknamed "The Staten Island Ferry" by Penn State Head Coach Joe Paterno when he arrived on campus in 2006, Ogbu redshirted his freshman year. He played in every game of the 2007 season, and was the starter for all but a couple. He finished the season with 18 tackles, 10 tackles-for-loss, one sack, and one forced fumble. He was named to the Sporting News Freshman All-Big Ten team.
Ogbu was selected to play in the 86th East-West Shrine Game played on January 22, 2011, at the Citrus Bowl Stadium in Orlando, Florida.
Ogbu earned dual Bachelor of Arts degrees in Crime, Law & Justice, and Sociology from Penn State in 2010. He is a charter member of the Eta Alpha chapter of Iota Phi Theta fraternity.
Professional career
Ogbu was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Indianapolis Colts on July 29, 2011 following the 2011 NFL lockout.
On July 22, 2012, the Colts traded him to the Philadelphia Eagles for cornerback D. J. Johnson.
On October 3, 2012, the CFL's Montreal Alouettes announced his addition to their practice roster, although later in the season, he was added to the active roster and started in three games. He had 7 tackles and a fumble recovery in the three games.
On March 10, 2014, the SaberCats traded him to the Los Angeles Kiss for Marc Schiechl. He was placed on reassignment on May 2, 2014.
References
External links
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Indianapolis Colts bio
1987 births
Living people
American football defensive tackles
Milford Academy alumni
African-American players of American football
Players of American football from New York (state)
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Sportspeople from Staten Island
Indianapolis Colts players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Montreal Alouettes players
San Jose SaberCats players
Los Angeles Kiss players
Hudson Valley Fort players
St. Joseph by the Sea High School alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ollie%20Ogbu
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Best Dressed Chicken in Town is the debut album by Jamaican deejay Dr. Alimantado. It was first released in 1978, and collects many of his self-produced singles from 1972 to 1978
, employing the engineering talents of Lee "Scratch" Perry, King Tubby, and Scientist. It was the first album released by Greensleeves Records, and found favour with followers of both reggae and punk rock in the United Kingdom. The album employed several major hits as the basis for the tracks, including Horace Andy's versions of "Ain't No Sunshine" (on the title track) and "A Quiet Place" ("Poison Flour" and "I Shall Fear No Evil"), John Holt's "Ali Baba" ("I Killed the Barber"), and Gregory Isaacs' "Thief a Man" (on "Gimmie Mi Gun") and "My Religion" ("Unitone Skank"). The album was described by The Independent as "one of the finest albums from reggae's golden age".<ref name="Birrell">Birrell, Ian (2005) "CULT CLASSICS: 4: 'Best Dressed Chicken in Town'", The Independent, May 6, 2005, retrieved 2 November 2008</ref>
The front cover photography is credited to D.K. James and the back cover artwork and photography to David Hendley.
Release history
The album was originally issued in 1978 on Greensleeves and on the Barclay label. The album was reissued on Alimantado's own Keyman'' label on vinyl and CD in 1987, with extra tracks from that era, and reissued in 2001 by Greensleeves as part of their reissue programme of classic albums. In 2007 the album was reissued again to mark Greensleeves' 30th anniversary.
Track listing
All tracks composed and arranged by Winston Thompson
Original album release
"Best Dressed Chicken in Town" engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1974
"Just The Other Day" vocals - Droopy; engineer - King Tubby at King Tubby's, 1973
"Poison Flour" vocals - Horace Andy; engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975
"Gimmie Mi Gun" vocals - Gregory Isaacs; engineer - Lancelot "Maxie" McKenzie at Channel One, 1976
"I Killed The Barber" vocals - Jackie Edwards; engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975
"Unitone Skank" vocals - Gregory Isaacs; engineer - Pat Kelly at Randy's, 1976
"Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks" engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1974
"Ride On" vocals - Jah Woosh and Jimmy Radwell; engineer - Upsetter at Black Ark, 1973
"Plead I Cause" engineer - King Tubby at King Tubby's, 1973
"I Shall Fear No Evil" engineer - Philip Smart at King Tubby's, 1975
1987 Keyman/2001 Greensleeves releases
"Best Dressed Chicken in Town"
"Just The Other Day"
"Poison Flour"
"Gimmie Mi Gun"
"I Killed The Barber"
"Ital Galore" engineer - King Tubby
"I am the Greatest Says Muhammad Ali" engineer - Upsetter
"Johnny Was a Baker" engineer - Augustus "Gussie" Clarke
"Tribute to the Duke"
"Unitone Skank"
"Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks"
"Ride On"
"Plead I Cause"
"I Shall Fear No Evil"
2007 Greensleeves 30th anniversary release
"Best Dressed Chicken in Town"
"Just The Other Day"
"Poison Flour"
"Gimmie Mi Gun"
"I Killed The Barber"
"Unitone Skank"
"Can't Conquer Natty Dreadlocks"
"Ride On"
"Plead I Cause"
"I Shall Fear No Evil"
"Ital Galore"
"I am the Greatest Says Muhammad Ali"
"Johnny Was a Baker"
"Tribute to the Duke"
References
1978 compilation albums
Dr Alimantado albums
Reggae compilation albums
Greensleeves Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20Dressed%20Chicken%20in%20Town
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Solomon and Marcolf is a medieval narrative describing the adventures and conversations of Solomon and Marcolf, or Marolf. The adventures have some connection with those of Ashmedai, while the conversations consist chiefly of riddles similar to those put to Solomon by the Queen of Sheba. The exact extent of its indebtedness to the Haggadah is somewhat doubtful, though it is practically certain that the various versions are derived from an Eastern original.
Text and history
In Polish, in 1521 in Krakow, a book was published, titled "The talks that the king Salomon the clever had with Marchołt [Marcolf, Markolf] fat and bawdy, however, as they say, very eloquent".
The earliest known versions of the tale in Old English are the ones commonly referred to as Solomon and Saturn, first published by J. N. Kemble in 1848, for the Ælfric Society. The tale was popular in Germany, where Marcolf, or Marolf, became a sort of type of the "wise fool". It was first printed under the title Dis buch seit von kunig salomon vnd siner huß frouwen Salome wie sy der künig fore nam vnd wie sy Morolff künig salomon brüder wider brocht in Strasbourg by the printer Matthias Hupfuff in 1499, with woodcut illustrations.
Latin versions of it were often appended to the "Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum". Both Hans Folz and Hans Sachs made use of the legend. A French version was made by Pierre Mauclerc, Count of Brittany, in the thirteenth century.
In Italian, Giulio Cesare Croce adopted it in his "Bertoldo", another name for Marcolf. This was developed into a book at Bologna in 1736. Other versions occur in the Bolognese and Venetian dialects, and in Dutch, Greek, Polish, Icelandic, and Welsh. There are two editions in English, one published by Gerard Leeu (Antwerp, 1492), and another, Sayings or Proverbes of King Solomon, with the Answers of Marcolfus, printed by Richard Pynson in 1530, a version of the much shorter French Dictionnaire de Salomon.
Editions and translations
(w. trans.)
Studies
Notes
References
Jewish medieval literature
Solomon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20and%20Marcolf
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Amale () is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,031 people living in 334 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amale
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Powerslave may refer to:
Powerslave, a 1984 album by Iron Maiden
"Powerslave" (song), the title track from that album
PowerSlave, a first-person shooter video game (also known as Exhumed in European territories and A.D. 1999: Pharaoh's Revival in Japan)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powerslave%20%28disambiguation%29
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Crossota norvegica is a species of hydrozoan in the family Rhopalonematidae. It is closely related to Crossota millsae and is found in the Arctic Ocean at depths below . Crossota norvegica is also known as the deep red jellyfish. This species is described as "alien-like" and is known for its vibrant red hue. It is a small cnidarian, reaching only up to 2 cm in its body size.
Description
Unlike other cnidarians, Crossota norvegica lives its entire life in the planktonic stage or the planula stage, instead of experiencing both the sessile stage and planula stage. Another unique trait off this species is that it does not develop into a polyp. Polyps typically produce the sexual reproduction gametes of cnidarians by budding. These polyps are stationary and non-moving forms of cnidarians (The Columbia Encyclopedia). Others will reproduce sexually in the medusa stage, where they are free-swimming cnidarians. During this stage they are typically very small, around 1-50mm in diameter. It is unclear whether or not this species is dioecious, meaning that it needs both a male and a female in order to reproduce. Alternatively, some hydrozoa, but not all, can be sequential hermaphrodites where they can produce and fertilize eggs on their own, without a partner. Crossota norvegica is closely related to the Crossota millsae, in which both males and females have been found and described to reproduce together. As a part of the cnidarian family, they have ectodermal cells that contain nematocysts (cnidae). Some of these nematocysts have the ability to sting. Along the cnidae are spines that will produce an acid. When the cnidae comes into contact, the nematocysts get stuck into prey. Though these are a very common type of cnidae, not all cnidae have the ability to produce acid to stun prey.
Habitat and diet
Crossota norvegica lives in temperatures ranging from 3.7˚C to 3.9˚C. This species has been found in waters deeper than 2,500 m. Its diet is currently unknown. Many Hydrozoa will feed on small zooplankton by use of their tentacles, whereas others eat phytoplankton.
Philatelic error
Crossota norvegica appeared on a stamp issued by Canada in 2007 to commemorate the International Polar Year. Unfortunately, the name on the stamp was given as Crossota millsaeare, a misspelling of Crossota millsae.
References
Rhopalonematidae
Animals described in 1902
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossota%20norvegica
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Perondi is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kuçovë. The population at the 2011 census was 9,005.
General information
The municipality of Perondi was the biggest one of the former Kuçovë District. It is located south-east of the city of Kuçova. It has around 10 000 inhabitants and includes villages of; Perondi, Tapi, Rreth-Tapi, Magjate, Goraj, Velagosht, Drize and Dikater. Perondi is the primeval village in all region and it supposes it has been built since Byzantine Empire. The church in the center of Perondi was built in the 11th century.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Kuçovë
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perondi
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William Welsh may refer to:
William Welsh (RAF officer) (1891–1962), British Royal Air Force officer
Willie Welsh (1907–1987), Scottish rugby player
William Welsh (actor) (1870–1946), American actor
William Welsh (Canadian politician) (1822–1905), merchant, ship owner and politician in Prince Edward Island
William Welsh (footballer) (fl. 1919–20), footballer for Grimsby Town
William P. Welsh (1889–1984), American muralist, portrait painter, and illustrator
William Halliday Welsh (1879–1972), Scottish rugby union player
Bill Welsh (1911–2000), American television announcer
Bill Welsh (footballer, born 1908) (1908–1987), Australian rules footballer for Geelong
Bill Welsh (footballer, born 1924) (1924–2019), Australian rules footballer for Collingwood
William Welsh, brother of John Welsh
See also
William Welch (disambiguation)
Bill Walsh (disambiguation)
William Walsh (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Welsh
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The Elliot Formation is a geological formation and forms part of the Stormberg Group, the uppermost geological group that comprises the greater Karoo Supergroup. Outcrops of the Elliot Formation have been found in the northern Eastern Cape, southern Free State, and in the eastern KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa. Outcrops and exposures are also found in several localities in Lesotho such as Qacha's Neck, Hill Top, Quthing, and near the capital, Maseru. The Elliot Formation is further divided into the lower (LEF) and upper (UEF) Elliot formations to differentiate significant sedimentological differences between these layers. The LEF is dominantly Late Triassic (Norian-Hettangian) in age while the UEF is mainly Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian) and is tentatively regarded to preserve a continental record of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary in southern Africa. This geological formation is named after the town of Elliot in the Eastern Cape, and its stratotype locality is located on the Barkly Pass, 9 km north of the town.
Geology
The Elliot Formation unconformably overlies the Molteno Formation and is conformably overlain by the Clarens Formation. Due to the reddish colour of the rocks, the Elliot Formation is colloquially referred to as the “Red Beds” in older geologic literature.
The Elliot Formation is dominated by mudstones and siltstones that can be finely laminated. However, the internal structures in the mudstones are often not visible due to locally poor laminations. Calcareous nodules are also found in the mudstone layers and become more frequent up section into the UEF. The mudstones range in colour from greyish purple red in the LEF and turn a more brick red colour with more mature palaeosols in the UEF. Localized intraformational pebble conglomerates that comprise intrabasinal clasts that comprise mud chips, quartzite pebbles, pedogenic nodules, and fossil bone fragments only occur in the UEF. The lower and upper Elliot formations both contain sandstones but they vary in their internal geometries. The sandstones of the LEF mainly comprise laterally accreting channel deposits that are multi-story and contain trough, low angle, and planar, cross-bedding. Ripple cross laminations with good horizontal lamination are also present. In the UEF, sandstone beds are single story and mainly reflect downstream accretion channel geometries and are more tabular in appearance. Common internal sedimentary structures of UEF sandstones are planar, low angle cross-bedding, horizontal and ripple-cross laminations.
The LEF was deposited in a fluvio-lacustrine environment where rivers were more perennial and formed meandering channel geometries, as evidenced by the presence of lateral accretion. However, this depositional environment changed at the onset of the UEF deposits where evidence of shallower river channels, longer periods of floodplain stasis (mature palaeosols) and flash flood events (pedogenic nodule conglomerates) shows that the climate became more arid.
Correlation
The Elliot Formation is currently considered to correlate chronostratigraphically with geological formations of the Bodibeng Sandstone of the Tuli Basin in Botswana, the Omingonde Formation of the Etjo Basin in Namibia, and the Chinle Formation of the Colorado Plateau in Utah, United States.
Paleontology
The Elliot Formation is well known for its diverse dinosaur fossils. The most common dinosaur species is of the sauropodomorph species Massospondylus carinatus. Other species include Blikanasaurus cromptoni, Aardonyx celestae, Euskelosaurus browni, Antetonitrus ingenipes, Pulanesaura eocollum, and the largest sauropodomorph yet found, Ledumahadi mafube. Fossilised Massospondylus eggs, some with the fossilized remains of embryos intact, have been recovered from UEF deposits in the Golden Gate Highlands National Park. Euskelosaurus fossils are more common in the LEF while Massospondylus are only found in the UEF. The basal ornithischian dinosaurs, Heterodontosaurus tucki, Lesothosaurus diagnosticus, Abrictosaurus consors, and Lycorhinus angustidens have also been recovered from the UEF. In addition this formation has yielded various crocodylomorph species, namely Litargosuchus leptorhynchus, Sphenosuchus acutus and Orthosuchus stormbergi. A large theropod dinosaur, Dracovenator regenti, has been found in the UEF. Synapsids from the formation include the dicynodont Pentasaurus goggai the tritheledontid cynodont Elliotherium kersteni and the mammaliaform Megazostrodon rudnerae. More recent vertebrate fossil finds near the town Qhemegha in the Eastern Cape have yielded possible fossil material of a poposauroid pseudosuchian. The mudstones of the LEF sometimes yield petrified wood, fossil plant matter, crustaceans, fishes, and turtles while the sandstones of the upper Elliot Formation more often contain various trace fossils. These include vertebrate trackways of basal ornithischian dinosaurs found in the Leribe, Mafeteng, and Mohales Hoek Districts of Lesotho. Possible trackways of the dicynodont Pentasaurus have been found on Morobong Hill in the Mohales Hoek District of Lesotho.
Dinosaurs of the Elliot Formation
Suchians of the Elliot Formation
Synapsids of the Elliot Formation
References
Geologic formations of Lesotho
Geologic formations of South Africa
Stormberg Group
Jurassic System of Africa
Early Jurassic Africa
Triassic System of Africa
Late Triassic Africa
Jurassic South Africa
Triassic South Africa
Norian Stage
Rhaetian Stage
Hettangian Stage
Limestone formations
Sandstone formations
Mudstone formations
Paleontology in Lesotho
Paleontology in South Africa
Karoo
Geography of the Eastern Cape
Geography of the Free State (province)
Mafeteng District
Maseru District
Quthing District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliot%20Formation
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The 39th Flying Training Squadron is part of the 340th Flying Training Group and is the reserve associate to the 12th Flying Training Wing based at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.
The squadron was first activated as the 39th Pursuit Squadron in the buildup of the United States Army Air Corps in response to the War in Europe. It moved to the Pacific Coast in response to the attack on Pearl Harbor and briefly flew antisubmarine patrols before deploying to the Southwest Pacific Theater, earning two Distinguished Unit Citations (DUC)s and a Philippine Presidential Unit Citation for its actions during the war.
The squadron remained in the Far East and as the 39th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron was part of the air defenses of Japan when North Korea invaded South Korea. The 39th earned two more DUCs and a Republic of Korea Presidential Unit Citation during combat in Korea. Following the 1953 truce, the squadron returned to Japan, serving as an air defense unit until inactivating in December 1957.
The squadron was activated as the 39th Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron in 1969 when Tactical Air Command replaced its Command controlled (4 digit) units with Air Force controlled units. It trained Douglas B-66 Destroyer aircrews until inactivating in 1974.
The squadron has been a flying training unit since 1990, except for a brief stint as a test squadron.
Mission
It operates the Beechcraft T-6 Texan II, Raytheon T-1A Jayhawk and Northrop T-38 Talon aircraft conducting Pilot Instructor Training.
History
World War II
Activated by Northeast Air District (later First Air Force) as the 39th Pursuit Squadron, a Curtiss P-40 Warhawk pursuit squadron, at Selfridge Field, Michigan, where it was one of a number of units drawing its cadre from the 1st Pursuit Group, stationed there. The squadron moved to Baer Field, Indiana the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor, but was soon rushed to Bellingham Army Air Field, where it flew antisubmarine patrols off the coast of Washington until the middle of January 1942, when it was reassigned from the 31st Pursuit Group to the 35th Pursuit Group, which was preparing for deployment to Australia.
Re-equipped with long-range Lockheed P-38 Lightnings and deployed to Fifth Air Force in Australia, June 1942. Engaged in combat operations against the Japanese in the Lightning, but became the second Pacific Theater fighter group to convert to the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt in late 1943. Conducted combat operations in the Thunderbolt from late 1943 through Spring 1945. Participated in offensives in the Netherlands East Indies, New Guinea, Bismarck Archipelago, Philippines and the Battle of Okinawa.
Far East Air Forces
Re-equipped with North American P-51 Mustangs and moved to Japan as part of the army of occupation, September 1945, remaining as part of the Far East Air Forces air defense mission throughout the postwar era. Engaged in combat, June 1950, during the initial actions of the Korean War. Re-equipped with Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star jets, fighting air-to-air combat against communist aircraft and engaging in ground support missions supporting United Nations Forces, 1950–1953. Returned to Japan after the 1953 armistice and upgraded to the purpose-built Lockheed F-94 Starfire interceptor flying air defense missions.
The squadron moved to Johnson Air Base on 20 July 1954 and established temporary air defense detachments on the same day at Komaki Air Base, Japan to 4 August 1954 and at Misawa Air Base, Japan to 27 August 1954. The squadron was inactivated in December 1957.
Tactical Air Command
Reactivated by Tactical Air Command in 1969 at Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, assuming the personnel and equipment of the 4417th Combat Crew Training Squadron. Equipped with reconnaissance and electronic warfare versions of the Douglas B-66 Destroyer and trained tactical reconnaissance and electronic warfare crews from, 1969–1974 when the B-66 was retired. Moved to George Air Force Base, California and equipped with McDonnell F-4E Phantom IIs. Trained Wild Weasel aircrews in surface to air missile suppression tactics from, 1977–1984. Inactivated when the F-4 was retired.
Reactivated by Air Training Command as an undergraduate pilot training squadron with Northrop T-38 Talons, 1990–1991. Transferred to Air Force Materiel Command, 1993 as a flight test squadron on various weapons systems from 1993 to 1999, then went back to Air Education and Training Command providing flying training from 2001 onwards.
Lineage
Constituted as the 39th Pursuit Squadron (Interceptor) on 22 December 1939
Activated on 1 February 1940
Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron on 15 May 1942
Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron (Twin Engine) on 27 October 1942
Redesignated 39th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 19 February 1944
Redesignated 39th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron on 20 January 1950
Inactivated on 8 December 1957
Redesignated 39th Tactical Reconnaissance Training Squadron on 18 August 1969
Organized on 15 October 1969
Redesignated 39th Tactical Electronic Warfare Training Squadron on 15 February 1970
Inactivated on 15 March 1974
Redesignated 39th Tactical Fighter Training Squadron on 1 June 1977
Activated on 1 July 1977
Redesignated 39th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 9 October 1980
Inactivated on 11 May 1984
Redesignated 39th Flying Training Squadron on 9 February 1990
Activated on 2 April 1990
Inactivated on 15 December 1991
Redesignated 39th Test Squadron on 31 August 1993
Activated on 8 September 1993
Redesignated 39th Flight Test Squadron on 15 March 1994
Inactivated on 1 September 1999
Redesignated 39th Flying Training Squadron on 30 September 1999
Activated in the reserve on 2 April 2001
Assignments
31st Pursuit Group, 1 February 1940
35th Pursuit Group (later 35th Fighter Group, 35th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 15 January 1942 (attached to 18th Fighter-Bomber Wing, 7 May 1951; 51st Fighter-Interceptor Wing, 1 June 1952 – 14 July 1954)
41st Air Division, 1 October–8 December 1957
363d Tactical Reconnaissance Wing, 15 October 1969 – 15 March 1974 (attached to 36th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 April 1969 – 31 December 1971)
35th Tactical Fighter Wing, 1 July 1977 – 11 May 1984
47th Flying Training Wing, 2 April 1990 – 15 December 1991
46th Operations Group, 8 September 1993 – 1 September 1999
340th Flying Training Group, 2 April 2001 – present
Stations
Selfridge Field, Michigan, 1 February 1940
Baer Field, Indiana, 6 December 1941
Bellingham Army Air Field, Washington, 10 December 1941 – 23 January 1942
Brisbane Airport, Australia, 25 February 1942
Ballarat Airport, Australia, 8 March 1942
Mount Gambier Airport, Australia, 16 March 1942
RAAF Base Williamtown, Australia, 3 April 1942
Donnington Airpark, Australia, 20 April 1942
Port Moresby Airfield Complex New Guinea, 2 June 1942
RAAF Base Townsville, Australia, 26 July 1942
Port Moresby Airfield Complex New Guinea, 18 October 1942
Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea, 15 December 1943
Gusap Airfield, New Guinea, 27 January 1944
Nadzab Airfield, New Guinea, 9 June 1944
Kornasoren Airfield, Noemfoor, Schouten Islands, 7 August 1944
Owi Airfield, Schouten Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 12 September 1944
Wama Drome, Morotai, Moluccas Islands, Netherlands East Indies, 23 October 1944
Mangaldan Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, 22 January 1945
Lingayen Airfield, Luzon, Philippines, c. 10 April 1945
Clark Field, Luzon, Philippines, 21 April 1945
Yontan Airfield, Okinawa, 30 June 1945
Irumagawa Air Base, Japan, 10 October 1945
Yokota Air Base, Japan, c. 1 April 1950
Ashiya Air Base, Japan, 8 July 1950
Pohang Air Base, South Korea, 7 August 1950
Tsuiki Air Base, Japan, 14 August 1950
Pohang Air Base, South Korea, 3 October 1950
Yonpo Airfield, North Korea, 19 November 1950
Pusan Air Base, South Korea, 7 December 1950
Chinhae Air Base, South Korea, 12 May 1951
Suwon Air Base, South Korea, 1 June 1952
Johnson Air Base, Japan, 20 July 1954
Yokota Air Base, Japan, 31 July 1954
Komaki Air Base, Japan, 25 August 1955 – 8 December 1957
Shaw Air Force Base, South Carolina, 15 October 1969 – 15 March 1974
George Air Force Base, California, 1 July 1977 – 11 May 1984
Laughlin Air Force Base, Texas, 2 April 1990 – 15 December 1991
Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, 8 September 1993 – 1 September 1999
Moody Air Force Base, Georgia, 2 April 2001
Randolph Air Force Base, (later, Joint Base San Antonio-Randolph), Texas, 13 September 2007 – present)
Aircraft
Seversky P-35 Guardsman (1940–1941)
Curtiss P-36 Hawk (1940–1941)
Bell P-39 Airacobra (1941–1942)
Lockheed P-38 Lightning (1942–1943)
Republic P-47 Thunderbolt (1943–1944)
North American P-51 Mustang (later F-51) (1944–1945, 1945–1952)
Lockheed F-80 Shooting Star (1950)
North American F-86D Sabre (1952–1957)
Lockheed F-94 Starfire (1954)
Douglas RB-66 Destroyer (1969–1970)
Douglas WB-66 Destroyer (1969–1970)
Douglas EB-66 Destroyer (1970–1974)
McDonnell F-4 Phantom II (1977–1980, 1982–1984)
Republic F-105 Thunderchief (1977)
Cessna T-37 Tweet (1990–1991)
Northrop T-38 Talon (1990–1991, 2001–present)
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon (1993–1999)
Boeing B-52 Stratofortress (1995–1999)
Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II (1999)
Beechcraft T-6 Texan II (2001–present)
Raytheon T-1A Jayhawk (2007–present)
Notable members
Charles Peter O'Sullivan, Squadron commander in World War II
See also
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Footnotes
Bibliography
External links
39th Fighter Squadron
0039
Military units and formations in Texas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th%20Flying%20Training%20Squadron
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Kozare is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Kuçovë. The population at the 2011 census was 5,622.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Kuçovë
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozare%2C%20Albania
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The Popular Arab Bloc (, HaGush Ha'Amami HaAravi) was an Arab satellite list that contested the 1949 Israeli Constituent Assembly election. The list was launched by Mapam, just three weeks before the election, in order to mobilize Israeli Arab votes. As Mapam did not allow Arabs to be members of the party, it preferred to set up a separate list for Arabs. The election campaigning was done under the supervision of the Mapam Arab Affairs Department, led by Aharon Cohen. The list obtained 2,812 votes, failing to cross the 1% electoral threshold (4,347 votes) required to win a seat.
By the time of the next elections in 1951, Mapam had allowed Arabs to gain membership, with Rostam Bastuni being elected on the party's list.
References
Political parties established in 1949
Defunct political parties in Israel
Arab political parties in Israel
1949 establishments in Israel
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular%20Arab%20Bloc
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Arun Thakur () is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,289 people living in 652 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arun%20Thakur
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Bahuntilpung is a Village lies in South-eastern Nepal, located in Sindhuli District of the Janakpur Zone . Among 11 wards of
Tinpatan Rural Municipality it is ward no. 8. According to the 1991 Nepal census its population is 3,007.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahuntilpung
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Balajor is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,468 people living in 556 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balajor
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The Norwegian Cuba Association (, ) is a Norwegian advocacy group.
Established on 17 April 1964 as Norsk-Cubansk Forening, its purpose is to "further the friendship between Norway and Cuba" and to spread information about the "real Cuba". It publishes the magazine Cuba Nytt, and arranges for groups known as "brigades" to travel to Cuba.
It condemns the United States embargo against Cuba, demands the extradition of Luis Posada Carriles and the release of the Cuban 5, and supports a campaign to award the Nobel Peace Prize to Fidel Castro. Harboring several viewpoints that do not directly pertain to Cuba, the organization supports the Bolivarian Revolution in Venezuela, opposes the Colombian Uribe government as well as the Iraq War, and calls for a boycott of Israel through membership in the network Boikott Israel.
External links
Old website
Cuba friendship associations
Political advocacy groups in Norway
1964 establishments in Norway
Cuba–Norway relations
Norway friendship associations
Organizations established in 1964
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norwegian%20Cuba%20Association
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The 77th edition of the KNVB Cup (at the time called Amstel Cup) started on June 2, 1994. The final was played on May 25, 1995: Feyenoord beat FC Volendam 2–1 and won the cup for the tenth time. A total of 83 clubs participated.
Teams
All 18 participants of the Eredivisie 1994-95, four of which entering in the knock-out stage, the rest entering in the group stage
All 18 participants of the Eerste Divisie 1994-95, entering in the group stage
Two youth teams, one entering in the group stage, the other entering in the preliminary round
45 teams from lower (amateur) leagues, six of which entering in the group stage, one of which entering in the intermediary round and the rest entering in the preliminary round
Preliminary round
The matches of the preliminary round were played between June 2 and 8, 1994. Only amateur clubs participated.
Intermediary Round
Three more clubs had to be eliminated before the group stage, so an intermediary round was held. One extra amateur club (FVC) entered the tournament here. The matches were played on June 9, 14 and 15, 1994.
Group stage
The matches of the group stage were played between August 13 and September 13, 1994. Except for four Eredivisie clubs, all other participants entered the tournament here. In total, 56 clubs participated in the group stage, 28 advanced to the next round.
E Eredivisie; 1 Eerste Divisie; A Amateur teams
Knock-out Stage
First round
The matches of the first knock-out round were played on October 5, 1994. The four highest ranked Eredivisie teams from last season entered the tournament this round.
E four Eredivisie entrants
Round of 16
The matches of the round of 16 were played on November 30, 1994.
Quarter finals
The quarter finals were played on February 24, 25 and March 8, 1995.
Semi-finals
The semi-finals were played on March 22, 1995.
Final
Feyenoord would participate in the Cup Winners' Cup.
See also
Eredivisie 1994-95
Eerste Divisie 1994-95
External links
Results by Ronald Zwiers
1994-95
1994–95 domestic association football cups
1994–95 in Dutch football
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395%20KNVB%20Cup
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Baseshwar is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,980 people living in 580 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseshwar
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The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) Renown Class was a class of 4-4-0 steam locomotives. They were rebuilds of F.W. Webb's 4-cylinder compounds of the Jubilee and Alfred the Great classes into 2-cylinder simple engines by George Whale, later continued by Charles Bowen-Cooke.
The first to be rebuilt was number 1918 Renown in 1908.
The rebuilds retained their original numbers. Unusually for the LNWR, the parent classes also had logical number series. Thus the Renowns were all numbered in the 1901–1940 series for ex-Jubilee Class and 1941–1980 for ex-Benbow class. In 1920, locomotive 1914 Invincible was renumbered 1257, and the number 1914 was then taken by the Claughton Class war memorial engine 1914 Patriot.
The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) acquired 56 Renowns in 1923. The LMS allocated these numbers in the 5131–5186 series, listed according to date of rebuilding, though not all numbers were applied before withdrawals started in 1928. Meanwhile, the LMS renumbered the existing compounds into the 5110–5129 series (though some were withdrawn before numbers could be allocated, and others were allocated numbers but not applied), and converted another 14 of these, which retained their numbers, thus taking the total for the class up to 70. All were gone by 1931 and none was preserved.
Accidents and incidents
On 14 August 1915, a locomotive hauling a passenger train suffered a mechanical defect which resulted in track being damaged at weedon, Northamptonshire. Locomotive No. 1971 Aurora was one of two hauling a mail train that was derailed on the damaged track. Ten people were killed and 21 were injured.
Locomotive list
References
Renown
4-4-0 locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1908
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Scrapped locomotives
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNWR%20Renown%20Class
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Shanagolden () is a small village located in County Limerick, Ireland. The village is on the R521 regional road between Foynes and Newcastlewest, around 35 km west of Limerick City. It is situated west of the 'Golden Vale', an area of fertile agricultural land in the province of Munster. The population was 303 at the 2016 census.
History
The area is mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters. In 968 the King of Munster, Mathgamain mac Cennétig, defeated the Hiberno-Norse Kings Ivar of Limerick and Ivar of Waterford at Sengualainn in a "red slaughter". In 1124, Turlogh O'Connor gathered a fleet together to cross the River Shannon and plundered the lands of the Uí Conaill at Foynes Island. After the defeat of the Rebel Earl during the Second Desmond Rebellion, Shanagolden village was laid out during the 1580s as an Anglo-Irish plantation village.
Places of interest
The ruins of Shanid Castle, an important Anglo-Norman stronghold, is located a short distance away from the village. The castle was possibly constructed in 1230 on land associated with the FitzMaurice family which settled in the area after 1169 and was a fortress of the Knights of Glin before being burned in 1641. Known as the "Old Abbey", St. Katherine's Abbey, Monisternagalliaghduff (Manisternagalliaghduff) is a former Augustinian nunnery founded in 1298 and dissolved in 1541. One of the earliest recorded nunneries in Ireland, it is located in a valley about 2 miles east of Shanagolden. The town's history has been chronicled in a local book, written by students of the local primary school, and was published and distributed to many local shops.
See also
List of towns and villages in Ireland
References
Towns and villages in County Limerick
Articles on towns and villages in Ireland possibly missing Irish place names
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanagolden%2C%20County%20Limerick
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Caerau is a former mining village in the community of Maesteg, Bridgend County Borough, Wales, located approximately 2 miles north of the centre of Maesteg town in the Llynfi Valley. Caerau, surrounded by mountainous terrain and forestry, is one of the border points between Bridgend County Borough and Neath Port Talbot County Borough, bordered to the north by Croeserw and Cymmer, Neath Port Talbot. Caerau, borders Dyffryn and Spelter to the south in Nantyffyllon, Maesteg.
Governance
For elections to Bridgend County Borough Council, Caerau is part of the electoral ward of Caerau, which also includes the Nantyffyllon area of Maesteg. The ward elects two county borough councillors.
History
Caerau was originally a village with very little significance and population up until the late 1800s when the extensive mineral extraction industry gained traction. The North's Navigation Collieries company established Caerau Colliery in 1889, and following an insatiable demand for labour, the village population increased dramatically.
Many of the early houses and buildings in Caerau were built by North's Navigation company, and were mostly built with locally quarried stone. This gives the village a characteristic style of architecture with its native Carboniferous limestone masonry in its buildings. This style can often be seen combined with crenellated door and window surrounds made of locally produced red or blue brick.
Caerau had a significant role in the war effort, both through its continuous production of coal and also its acceptance of large amounts of children evacuees during World War II.
Caerau Colliery
The village grew rapidly after the opening of Caerau Colliery in 1889 by North's Navigation Collieries. In brief, the colliery consisted of three shafts (North, South and No. 3 Pits) and employed 2,400 men at its peak in the early 1920s. The mine closed in 1977.
The Inspector of Mines list, 1896, shows there were 533 men employed in Caerau "South Pit" producing steam coal. Further development saw the sinking of No.3 House Coal Pit in 1903. In 1908, there were 1,170 men employed in the two Steam Coal Pits and 57 in the House Coal Pit. This colliery held the record output for the South Wales area in 1913. By 1918, the workforce had risen to 1,839.
From a list drafted in 1923, there were 2,040 employed at the Steam Coal Pits, producing coal and ironstone from the Six Feet, Seven Feet and Upper and Lower New Seams. The House Coal Pit employed 340 men, producing from the Two and a Half Feet Seam. The House Coal Pit closed in 1925.
Three men were killed in an underground accident at Caerau Colliery in 1931. By the end of the war in 1945, there were 568 men still in employment.
Production began to slow from 1977. During its final two years, coal production concentrated on the Bute Seam. Caerau Colliery eventually closed permanently in 1979, five years before Margaret Thatcher's announcement of coal pit closures in 1984 which led to the miners' strike of 1984 and 1985. Most of the men were transferred to nearby Coegnant and St. John's Colliery.
Caerau Colliery legacy
Even after the mining industry had ceased in 1979, the village still bore the scars of its extensive mining history. Enormous landforms created by the dumping of tailings from the colliery (known locally as “coal tips” or simply “tips”) still remained. These landforms were levelled and landscaped during the 1980s, now very little traces remain of the mining industry in the village.
More recently, plans to produce environmentally friendly geothermically heated water at around 20.6 degrees Celsius for use in heating homes. The concept is utilising the naturally heated water from the flooded former mine workings of Caerau Colliery through a heat exchanger to provide heat to homes. The project is projected to cost £9.4M.
Population
The ward population taken at the 2011 census was 6,995.
Amenities and community projects
Caerau is home to a range of community projects. For example, Caerau Market Garden which is managed by Caerau Community Growers, and Noddfa Community Project at Noddfa Community Centre.
Religion
Due to the predominantly practising Christian population at the turn of the 19th century, there were many churches built. However, due to the sharp decline in the practising Christians in the village many of these buildings are now derelict or demolished. St. Cynfelin church is still open and regularly attended.
Noddfa Chapel is a former church that is now used as a Library and for youth activities. The village also has a public park that includes a bowls green, which is the home of the village's bowls team.
Recreation and facilities
Caerau Road contains most of the village's retail facilities. Formerly home to a diverse number of shops and establishments, the area is now mainly populated by convenience stores and take-away meal outlets.
The village once contained its own cinemas however these facilities no longer remain. The village cenotaph now stands in the place of the Coliseum, a once popular cinema which was demolished in the 1970s.
There are public allotment facilities near North Street called Caerau Market Garden, which is popular among residents for growing vegetables. There is also an organisation called Men's Shed, which provides affordable meals and groceries to residents.
Caerau lacks a miners’ institute building. This is due to an arson attack on the former premises which was situated on what is now a grassy area between Wesley street and Library Road.
Hotels and public houses
Due to its significance as a mining village, many hotels were built to accommodate the number of visitors to the village as a result. None of the premises now accept guests, but many still remain open as public houses.
The Station (1905), Navi (formerly “Navigation” 1882) and Blaenllynfi (1892) are surviving examples of the village's hotels, however the Blaencaerau Hotel (renamed “The Monkey”) was destroyed by arson in 1990 and the Dyffryn Hotel is disused.
Alongside these, the Llynfi Coach House (formerly “Legion Club”), Riverboat and Imperial Club are popular venues in Caerau.
Education
English-medium primary education is provided in the village at Caerau Primary School. The school is a modern design that was constructed with environmentally friendly materials. It replaced the old 19th century school building that was destroyed by arson.
Secondary and further education is provided outside of the village in Ysgol Maesteg School.
Transport
The village is located on the A4063 road between Croeserw and Maesteg.
There are bus services operating routes through the village as well as taxi firms operating from the village. Parking is free throughout the village.
Caerau train station and the associated railway routes were made defunct during the Beeching Report cutback of rail services in the 1960s. The nearest railway station to the village is Maesteg.
Sport
Caerau FC, the local football club, play in the 1st division of the South Wales Amateur League (as of 2008–09). They play at the Athletic Ground at Humphreys Terrace, which is a south of the village centre.
Caerau also hosts a national-standard BMX track, home to the Llynfi BMX Racing Club, behind The Duffryn Pub on Coegnant Road. There is also a Clubhouse for the Bowling Green at Caerau Park.
Caerau is also the training ground for Llynfi Valley Panthers Netball Club, who train in Caerau Primary School.
References
External links
Caerau First - Community Website
Villages in Bridgend County Borough
Maesteg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caerau%2C%20Bridgend
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"Roxette" is the debut single by the band Dr. Feelgood released in 1974, from their 1975 debut album Down by the Jetty.
Release
"Roxette" was issued as a single in the UK in November 1974. It failed to reach the UK Singles Chart. It was written by Wilko Johnson and produced by Vic Maile. The B-side of the record is a cover of "(Get Your Kicks On) Route 66".
Later, in September 1976, a live recording of the song was issued by the band as a single, with a live recording of "Keep It Out of Sight" on the B-side. The live recording of the track also appeared on Dr. Feelgood's 1976 live album, Stupidity.
"Roxette" was also later included on Dr. Feelgood's 1997's compilation album, Twenty Five Years of Dr. Feelgood.
Johnson re-recorded the song with Norman Watt-Roy for his 2013 album, Faith and Grace, performing it live on a few occasions on Watt-Roy's tour in October 2013.
The Swedish duo Roxette took their name from this song.
References
1974 songs
1974 debut singles
Music in Southend-on-Sea
Dr. Feelgood (band) songs
United Artists Records singles
Songs written by Wilko Johnson
Song recordings produced by Vic Maile
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxette%20%28song%29
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Bogovë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 1,098. The name originates from the Serbian and Slavic word for Gods (Bogove).
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogov%C3%AB
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The Welfreighter was a Second World War British midget submarine developed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) for the purpose of landing and supplying agents behind enemy lines. It only saw action once and was not particularly successful.
Design
After the success of the X class midget submarines, an attempt was made by SOE's technical division, Inter Services Research Bureau (ISRB) under the command of Lt. Colonel John Dolphin to design a submersible craft for covert missions. These would include the landing and supplying agents behind enemy lines, intelligence gathering work off hostile coastlines, and delivering explosive depth charges to enemy shipping routes. This design became the Welfreighter. It was intended that the Welfreighter could travel surfaced by night towards an enemy-held coastline, submerging as and when necessary to avoid detection. The special agents would then be disembarked and go ashore along with their equipment, stored in the special containers. The Welfreighter would then sail out to sea and submerge itself to wait until the next night. At a pre-arranged time, or upon receiving a sound signal from the landing party (made by a mechanical device) it would surface again and pick up the agents, before heading out to sea either to rendezvous with a larger surface vessel or return to base under its own power.
The initial concept was a true miniature submarine which could from a distance be mistaken for a conventional motor boat and which could hold two agents along with its crew of two men, and which could also carry up to one ton of supplies in sealed containers. The designed range was to be up to on the surface, with a range of at speeds of up to . While submerged it was to be capable of diving to a depth of and travelling up to underwater.
Design work began towards the end of 1942 with the building of a 1/4 scale model which was used for tests in an experimental tank at Vickers' plant at St. Albans. By February 1943 the tests had produced several alterations to the original design including modifications to the hull form to make it stable under tow at speeds of - .
Prototypes
Following the model tests, permission was granted for the construction of a full size prototype at the SOE establishment known as The Frythe near Welwyn Garden City.
The first prototype had little resemblance to the later versions. When launched at Staines in May 1943 it permitted further tests but showed flaws in that it was not stable under tow at speeds over and lacked freeboard. A second prototype was begun in June and was tested throughout the autumn and winter.
A third prototype was begun in September 1943. Its surface range - - exceeded the specification, but at the expense of reducing the storage capacity by . Its speed was less than the specification, at maximum while surfaced, with a mere submerged. It did however perform satisfactorily when pressure tested to a depth of .
Production
In early 1944 a specification for a final Mk III version was proposed by SOE, which eventually entered series production. The range was now specified as , with an additional using disposable tanks (which however meant a loss of the diving capability). A further could be added if part of the storage capacity was used. The accommodation had also been enlarged; as well as the two crewmen, 4 passengers could be carried on short voyages, or 3 for longer trips. The cargo capacity had also been enhanced to enable between 1.5 and 2 tons to be carried.
Underwater endurance had also been augmented, the craft now being capable of supporting 6 persons for up to 40 hours submerged. Finally, surface speed had been increased to cruising speed, or maximum. Even the electric propulsion was upgraded: it could deliver 2-3 knots. By now it was apparent that it was unlikely that the Welfreighter would be needed in Europe, therefore consideration was given to its use in the Far East.
Due to the urgency of production it was not possible to create a dedicated factory. As had happened with the Welman submarine the year before, production was contracted out to specialised engineering firms already engaged in production of war material. In mid-1944, the Letchworth company of Shelvoke and Drewry Ltd. was awarded a contract to produce Welfreighters. By early September an order for up to 34 Welfreighters was placed for delivery as soon as possible after 1 October. The company had no experience of ship construction, and was from the sea. Security surrounding the production of the Welfreighter was tight, and few non-vetted employees knew the truth until after the end of the war.
Completed craft were transported at night under canvas covers to Station IX at Welwyn, where they were fitted out, the compass and periscope and secret equipment fitted. The craft were then balanced, trimmed, and pressure tested in the establishment's water tank. They were then transported onwards to Fishguard in Wales, for sea trials.
Appearance
The Welfreighter outwardly resembled a conventional motor boat. While surfaced it was propelled by a Gardner 4LW diesel omnibus engine driving a 4-bladed propeller, while underwater propulsion was provided by two electric motors, driving a pair of small propellers. Two "masts" on the craft's foredeck housed a Barr and Stroude periscope and a magnetic compass. A dummy mast and sail could be attached to these masts to help disguise the craft as a fishing smack. The foredeck was raised up to give some headroom inside the craft, and was fitted with small square viewports.
To the rear of the main structure was a raised deck, beneath which were housed 6 high pressure air cylinders. To the rear of this area was a cargo well, fitted at the stern with a drop-down tailgate. This could house seven cylindrical drums of cargo. Carefully loaded so as to give a slight positive buoyancy, these drums could hold equipment for use by agents or saboteurs and could be floated out through the tailgate and towed ashore by agents, either swimming or using an inflatable boat.
Each Welfreighter was manned by a Sub Lieutenant RNVR as Commander, and a Naval Engine Room Artificer (ERA) or Army mechanic (REME). Up to four special agents could travel as passengers, although two would be more usual. These would commonly be Army personnel, who would be expected to assist with handling the craft while on the surface.
Service
Europe
Before the Welfreighter became properly operational the secret war in Europe was nearly over. In late 1944 plans were discussed to deploy the craft to the Adriatic, to assist operations in the Balkans, where SOE was involved in supporting partisans in northern Greece, Albania, and Yugoslavia.
It was also suggested that Welfreighters could be used to plant mines in the entrances to German ports, but this was dropped when it was demonstrated that a suitable charge would have to weigh over , which would be too much for the craft's buoyancy and trim.
Trained Welfreighter crews were ready for operations through the autumn of 1944, but neither Combined Operations HQ or SOE ever required anything of them.
Far East
Two Welfreighters were shipped to Fremantle, Australia, in late 1944, to become part of the clandestine Services Reconnaissance Department (commonly known as Z Special Unit). Extensive trials were conducted, including towing trials and exercises using high-powered motor launches and Motor Torpedo Boats. One source suggests that 12 were sent to Australia in 1945.
Citations
References
Midget submarines
Submarines of the United Kingdom
Special Operations Executive
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfreighter
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Hustler Video is an American pornographic film studio. It is owned by Larry Flynt's Larry Flynt Publications, and is part of its Hustler-branded range of enterprises, which includes Hustler magazine, the Hustler Casino and the Hustler Hollywood retail outlets. In 2003 Hustler Video bought VCA Pictures, which maintains a separate brand identity within the LFP conglomerate.
Hustler Video is known for their parodies of mainstream movies, and of celebrities, like Paris Hilton, David Hasselhoff or Lindsay Lohan, and TV shows, like "Happy Days", "Star Trek" and "Glee". In response to 2008 Republican presidential nominee John McCain selecting Alaska governor Sarah Palin as his running mate, Hustler placed a classified ad on Craigslist, seeking a Sarah Palin doppelgänger willing to star in a pornographic film while portraying the governor. The film, Who's Nailin' Paylin, was released November 4, 2008 eventually starring Lisa Ann.
Awards
The following is a selection of some of the major pornography awards the studio has won.
2002 AVN Award - 'Best All-Sex DVD' for Porno Vision
2002 AVN Award - 'Best All-Sex Film' for Porno Vision
2002 AVN Award - 'Top Selling Release of the Year' for Snoop Dogg's Doggystyle
2003 AVN Award - 'Best Ethnic-Themed Release' for Liquid City
2003 AVN Award - 'Best Art Direction - Film' - Kris Kramski for America XXX
2003 AVN Award - 'Best Vignette Series for Barely Legal
2004 AVN Award - 'Best Vignette Series for Barely Legal
2004 AVN Award - 'Top Selling Release of the Year' for Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp
2004 AVN Award - 'Best Ethnic-Themed Release - Black' for Snoop Dogg's Hustlaz: Diary of a Pimp
2005 AVN Award - 'Best Amateur Release' for Adventure Sex
2005 AVN Award - 'Best All-Sex Release' for Stuntgirl
2006 AVN Award - 'Best All-Sex Release' for Squealer
2007 AVN Award - 'Best Pro-Am or Amateur Series' for Beaver Hunt
2008 AVN Award - 'Best Interactive DVD' for InTERActive
2008 AVN Award - 'Best Vignette Series for Barely Legal School Girls
2009 AVN Award - 'Best Specialty Series - Other Genre' for Taboo
2009 AVN Award - 'Clever Title of the Year' for Strollin in the Colon
2010 XBIZ Award - 'Parody Release of the Year' for Not the Bradys XXX: Marcia
2011 XBIZ Award - 'Best Art Direction' for This Ain't Avatar XXX 3D
2011 XBIZ Award - 'Marketing Campaign of the Year' for This Ain't Avatar XXX
2012 XBIZ Award - 'Parody Studio of the Year'
2013 XBIZ Award Nominee - 'Studio of the Year', 'Parody Release of the Year-Comedy' for This Ain't Nurse Jackie XXX; Additional nominations include: 'Vignette Release of the Year' for Barely Legal 124 and 'Vignette Series of the Year' for Barely Legal and 'All-Girl Series of the Year' for My First Lesbian Experience
2014 AVN Award — Best Retail Chain – Large
2014 XBIZ Award - 'Vignette Release of the Year' for Busty Beauties Car Wash
Legal issues
In 2011, Hustler Video was fined $14,175 in workplace safety charges for three separate complaints: a failure to provide protective devices to workers, failure to maintain proper health policies, and failure to provide vaccinations to workers.
References
External links
American pornographic film studios
Film production companies of the United States
Larry Flynt Publications
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Pornography in Los Angeles
Privately held companies based in California
American companies established in 1998
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hustler%20Video
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In mathematical physics, the Berezin integral, named after Felix Berezin, (also known as Grassmann integral, after Hermann Grassmann), is a way to define integration for functions of Grassmann variables (elements of the exterior algebra). It is not an integral in the Lebesgue sense; the word "integral" is used because the Berezin integral has properties analogous to the Lebesgue integral and because it extends the path integral in physics, where it is used as a sum over histories for fermions.
Definition
Let be the exterior algebra of polynomials in anticommuting elements over the field of complex numbers. (The ordering of the generators is fixed and defines the orientation of the exterior algebra.)
One variable
The Berezin integral over the sole Grassmann variable is defined to be a linear functional
where we define
so that :
These properties define the integral uniquely and imply
Take note that is the most general function of because Grassmann variables square to zero, so cannot have non-zero terms beyond linear order.
Multiple variables
The Berezin integral on is defined to be the unique linear functional with the following properties:
for any where means the left or the right partial derivative. These properties define the integral uniquely.
Notice that different conventions exist in the literature: Some authors define instead
The formula
expresses the Fubini law. On the right-hand side, the interior integral of a monomial is set to be where ; the integral of vanishes. The integral with respect to is calculated in the similar way and so on.
Change of Grassmann variables
Let be odd polynomials in some antisymmetric variables . The Jacobian is the matrix
where refers to the right derivative (). The formula for the coordinate change reads
Integrating even and odd variables
Definition
Consider now the algebra of functions of real commuting variables and of anticommuting variables (which is called the free superalgebra of dimension ). Intuitively, a function is a function of m even (bosonic, commuting) variables and of n odd (fermionic, anti-commuting) variables. More formally, an element is a function of the argument that varies in an open set with values in the algebra Suppose that this function is continuous and vanishes in the complement of a compact set The Berezin integral is the number
Change of even and odd variables
Let a coordinate transformation be given by where are even and are odd polynomials of depending on even variables The Jacobian matrix of this transformation has the block form:
where each even derivative commutes with all elements of the algebra ; the odd derivatives commute with even elements and anticommute with odd elements. The entries of the diagonal blocks and are even and the entries of the off-diagonal blocks are odd functions, where again mean right derivatives.
We now need the Berezinian (or superdeterminant) of the matrix , which is the even function
defined when the function is invertible in Suppose that the real functions define a smooth invertible map of open sets in and the linear part of the map is invertible for each The general transformation law for the Berezin integral reads
where ) is the sign of the orientation of the map The superposition is defined in the obvious way, if the functions do not depend on In the general case, we write where are even nilpotent elements of and set
where the Taylor series is finite.
Useful formulas
The following formulas for Gaussian integrals are used often in the path integral formulation of quantum field theory:
with being a complex matrix.
with being a complex skew-symmetric matrix, and being the Pfaffian of , which fulfills .
In the above formulas the notation is used. From these formulas, other useful formulas follow (See Appendix A in) :
with being an invertible matrix. Note that these integrals are all in the form of a partition function.
History
The mathematical theory of the integral with commuting and anticommuting variables was invented and developed by Felix Berezin. Some important earlier insights were made by David John Candlin in 1956. Other authors contributed to these developments, including the physicists Khalatnikov (although his paper contains mistakes), Matthews and Salam, and Martin.
See also
Supermanifold
Berezinian
References
Further reading
Theodore Voronov: Geometric integration theory on Supermanifolds, Harwood Academic Publisher,
Berezin, Felix Alexandrovich: Introduction to Superanalysis, Springer Netherlands,
Multilinear algebra
Differential forms
Integral calculus
Mathematical physics
Quantum field theory
Supersymmetry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezin%20integral
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Destiny is the seventh studio album by Filipina singer-actress Jolina Magdangal under GMA Records. "Will of the Wind" is the lead single and used as the main theme song of the movie I.T.A.L.Y.(I trust and love you). Other songs from this album was also used as a theme song to some of GMA Network TV series like Filipino adaptation of koreanovela All about Eve and koreanovela The Legend. A cover of Fra Lippo Lippi (band)'s Stitches & Burns is also included in this album.
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Jolina liner notes.
Felipe S. Yalong – executive producer
Rene A. Salta – executive producer
Alwyn B. Cruz – producer
Marc Tupaz – producer
Shamrock – arrangement and performance for the songs "Umibig Ka" and "Isang Taon"
Christopher San Diego – recording and mixing engineer, gma network recording studios
Arnold Jallores – recording and mixing engineer, mixsonic recording studios
Jun Magdangal – album cover concept
Joseph De Vera – album cover concept, album cover design
Eileen Ramos – make-up
Reggie Cruz – stylist
Dominique James – photographer, great image (front cover)
Dail Deri – photographer, gallery d (inside & back cover)
References
2006 albums
Jolina Magdangal albums
GMA Music albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destiny%20%28Jolina%20Magdangal%20album%29
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John Slagg (junior) (24 Oct 1837 – 7 May 1889) was a British businessman and Liberal politician.
He was the eldest son of John Slagg, a justice of the peace at Manchester, and his wife Jane née Crighton. John Slagg senior was a commission agent and merchant in the city. His friend, Anti Corn Law campaigner Richard Cobden was his son's godfather.
Slagg followed his father into business, and became president of the Manchester Chamber of Commerce. In 1885 he was appointed as a director of the Suez Canal Company. He made his home at Hopefield, Pendleton.
In 1880 he was elected as one of Manchester's three members of parliament. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 divided the Manchester constituency into six divisions, and Slagg stood as the Liberal candidate at Manchester North West, but was defeated. He returned to the Commons at a bi-election in 1887 at Burnley.
In 1866 he married Katherine German of Sevenoaks, Kent.
John Slagg died at his Mayfair, London home in May 1889, aged 51.
References
External links
1837 births
1889 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1880–1885
Politics of Burnley
UK MPs 1886–1892
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Manchester
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Slagg
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Chandelor v Lopus (1603) 79 ER 3 is a famous case in the common law of England. It stands for the distinction between warranties and mere affirmations and announced the rule of caveat emptor (buyer beware).
Facts
A man paid £100 for what he thought was a bezoar stone. This is a stone that forms in animals' intestinal systems, and was believed to have magical healing properties. The seller said it was a bezoar stone, which turned out to be false. The buyer sued for the return of the £100 purchase price.
How the claimant discovered that the bezoar did not work is not discussed in the report.
The issue for the court was whether the sales pitch had been the usual big talk of the market merchants in the plying of their wares, or if there had been indeed an actual deceit in the transaction.
Judgment
The Exchequer Court held the buyer had no right to his money back, saying "the bare affirmation that it was a bezoar stone, without warranting it to be so, is no cause of action." The majority of the judges held that the buyer was required to show either that the seller knew the stone was not a bezoar, in which case the seller was liable for deceit, or that the seller had warranted (contractually guaranteed) that the stone was a bezoar, in which case the seller would be liable for breach of warranty. Since the seller in this case was not alleged to have done either of these things, the buyer's claim failed.
Significance
Chandelor long stood as an impediment to any common law development of consumer protection systems.
Only in the nineteenth century did the law begin to evolve a doctrine of implied warranty.
This judgment predated a common law recognition of fraudulent misrepresentation by 180 years.
See also
Cross v Gardner (1689) Cart. 90, Lord Holt CJ held that "An affirmation at the time of a sale is a warranty, provided it appears on evidence to be so intended."
Heilbut, Symons & Co v Buckleton [1913] AC 30
Oscar Chess Ltd v Williams [1957] 1 WLR 370
References
English incorporation case law
Exchequer of Pleas cases
1603 in case law
1603 in English law
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chandelor%20v%20Lopus
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The 1971 Australian Grand Prix was a motor race held at Warwick Farm Raceway in New South Wales, Australia on 21 November 1971. It was open to Racing Cars complying with either Australian Formula 1 or Australian Formula 2 regulations.
The race was the thirty sixth running of the Australian Grand Prix. Frank Matich won his second straight AGP and, as in 1970, he started the race on pole and also set the fastest race lap. The race marked the debut of Matich's self designed and built Matich A50 which was powered by a Repco Holden V8 engine. Matich won the race by 58.7 seconds from Kevin Bartlett driving a McLaren M10B-Chevrolet, with Alan Hamilton, also driving McLaren M10B-Chevrolet, 1.1 seconds behind Bartlett in third place.
Other than two New Zealanders, the only international driver in the event was Formula One World Drivers' Champion John Surtees. The Englishman started ninth in his Surtees TS8-Chevrolet, and battled with Bartlett, Hamilton, and, until his retirement, Colin Bond in the McLaren M10B in which Matich had won the 1970 Australian Grand Prix. Surtees ultimately placed 14th after suffering two punctures late in the race. 1971 Rothmans F5000 European Championship winner Frank Gardner was unable to start the race after damaging his Lola T300 in the first practice session on the Saturday.
Classification
Results as follows:
Official practice
Grid positions for the race were determined during "official practice".
Race
(AF2) indicates Australian Formula 2 car
Notes
Pole position: Frank Matich – 1'24.3
Starters: 23
Finishers: 15
Winner's average speed: 93.32 m.p.h.
Australian Formula 2 Class winner: Gary Campbell
Fastest lap: Frank Matich – 1'24.6 (94.75 mph / 154.08 km/h) (New outright lap record)
References
External links
Australian Grand Prix, Warwick Farm, 21 Nov 1971, www.oldracingcars.com
Formula 5000 1971, autopics.com.au
Grand Prix
Australian Grand Prix
Formula 5000 race reports
Motorsport at Warwick Farm
Australian Grand Prix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971%20Australian%20Grand%20Prix
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Vendreshë is a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 984.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vendresh%C3%AB
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The Milwaukee Chiefs were a professional American football team based in Wisconsin that competed in the third American Football League in 1940 and in 1941.
The team played its home games in the Dairy Bowl at State Fair Park in West Allis, a suburb just west of Milwaukee. Originally formed as an expansion team for the minor league formerly known as the American Professional Football Association for the 1940 season, the new team joined fellow AFL members Cincinnati Bengals and Columbus Bullies in becoming charter members of a new major-league AFL (the triple defection triggered the demise of the minor league, allowing the new major league to adopt the AFL name). The team president was George M. Harris, and the head coach was Tiny Cahoon.
The team's first training camp in 1940 was held at Weyauwega in Waupaca County. The second camp in 1941 was closer to home, with lights, at West Bend in Washington County.
In the two seasons of the league's existence, the Chiefs fielded a competitive team. In 1940, the team scored the most points and gave up the fewest over the course of the season, but lost to Columbus in the final game to give the league championship to the Bullies. The following year, the Chiefs and the Bullies were joined by the New York Americans in a three-way race for the championship, with the Chiefs' continuing inability to defeat the Bullies (losing in Columbus and tying in Milwaukee) led to Columbus repeating as AFL champions and Milwaukee finishing third.
For the two years of the league's existence, the Chiefs were a popular draw as they played in Wisconsin's largest stadium. The AFL had accepted the 1941 entrance of a new Detroit team and deferred it until 1942, but the Pearl Harbor attack and the subsequent U.S. entry into World War II put all plans for football to a halt. In September 1942, league president William B. Cox announced the suspension of league activities until after the war, but the league – and the Chiefs – never returned.
References
Defunct American football teams
American football teams established in 1940
1940 establishments in Wisconsin
Sports in Milwaukee
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1942
American Football League (1940) teams
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee%20Chiefs%20%28AFL%29
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Jaroslav Křička (; 27 August 1882 in Kelč, Moravia – 23 January 1969 in Prague) was a Czech composer, conductor, and music teacher. He was the brother of poet Petr Křička[de].
Life
Jaroslav Křička was born into the family of the Kelč village cantor and headmaster František Křička (1848–1891) as the oldest of three siblings. His mother was Františka Křičková (1861-1936). His brother Petr Křička (1884–1949) later became a well-known poet, and his sister Pavla Křičková (1886–1972) became a writer. Their father enthusiastically supported the musical education of his children; Jaroslav received violin, piano, and voice lessons as a child.
He attended high school in Havlíčkův Brod and graduated in 1900. As a high school student, he founded his own vocal quartet, string quartet, and student orchestra and began to compose. After graduating from high school, he moved to Prague and studied at the Prague Conservatory from 1902 to 1905. Under the tutelage of Josef Klicka, he studied organ, orchestration, and harmony. He studied conducting with Karel Knittl[cs] and composition with Karel Stecker[cs]. His musical role models were the famous Czech composers Antonín Dvořák, Bedřich Smetana, and Zdeněk Fibich, and later also the Czech modernists Vítězslav Novák and Josef Suk.
After studying for a year in Berlin (1905–1906), he moved to Russia for three years (1906–1909) and taught music theory, harmony, and chamber music at the Imperial Music School in Ekaterinoslav. There he founded an orchestra with which he performed works by Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana. In Russia, he developed friendships with the composers Alexander Glazunov and Sergei Tanejev. Křička was inspired by Russian poetry and music, and the work of composers Mikhail Glinka and Modest Mussorgsky particularly influenced his compositions. It was in Ekaterinoslav that he penned one of his most famous songs, "Albatross," from the cycle Severní noci (Northern Nights). Mussorgsky's song cycles for children also inspired him to compose his own children's songs.
Křička moved to Prague in 1909, and from 1911 to 1920 he directed the Prague choir Hlahol[cs]. His tenure as director afforded him the opportunity to study numerous works by contemporary Czech composers such as Leoš Janáček, Vítězslav Novák, and Otakar Jeremiáš, in addition to premiering Novák's cantata Svatební košile (The Wedding Shirt), Op.48. During this period, he also began his first major work: the opera Hipolyta. From 1911 he championed his former teacher Karel Stecker at the Prague Conservatory, and after Stecker's death in 1919 he was appointed as a full professor of composition.
On October 14, 1918, he married Marie Krbová, a pianist and singer in the Hlahol choir who studied under Josef Bohuslav Foerster. Together with his student Jaroslav Řídký, Křička conducted the choir of the Czech Philharmonic from 1922 to 1930. During the critical years of World War II and the German occupation (1942–1945), he also served as rector of the Conservatory.
During his many years of teaching at the Prague Conservatory, Jaroslav Křička trained numerous composers, including Jaroslav Řídký, Karel Hába, Emil Hlobil, Karel Janeček, Václav Trojan, Ján Cikker, Jan Kapr and Jarmil Burghauser. He spent the last years of his life in the peaceful foothills of the Bohemian forest, where he dedicated himself to his composing in the village of Červené Dvorce near Sušice. He is buried in the Vyšehrad cemetery in Prague.
Honors
In 1936, Jaroslav Křička won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his Horácká suita (Horácko Suite a.k.a. Mountain Suite), Op. 63.
He was elected a member of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1921, and in 1957 he received the esteemed title of Honored Artist (Zasloužilý umělec). The Křička Brothers Museum is located in his hometown of Kelč.
Works
Jaroslav Křička's work encompasses almost all musical genres, in his words, “from passions to operetta,” with a distinct emphasis on vocal compositions. In addition to song cycles and cantatas, he also composed operas, operettas, incidental music, symphonies, string quartets, and chamber music works. His compositions for children were significant and unique for his time; he wrote numerous children's song cycles and the first Czech children's opera, Ogaři (1918). At the end of the silent film era, Křička began composing film scores; in 1929, he wrote the music for the historical film Svatý Václav, which commemorated one thousand years since the death of the Bohemian ruler Wenceslaus I. He began composing operettas after 1945.
In addition to his musical compositions, Křička wrote many treatises on music and published regularly in the music periodicals Hudební revue and Hudební rozhledy.
Song Cycles
Severní noci (Northern Nights), Op. 14 (1909/1910), four songs based on poetry by Konstantin Balmont
1. Albatros (Albatross)
2. Labuť (Swan)
3. Ukolébavka (Lullaby)
4. U skandinávských skal (By the cliffs of Scandinavia)
O lásce a smrti (On Love and Death), Op. 15 (1910), four songs on texts by Konstantin Balmont
Písně rozchodu (Farewell Songs), Op. 19 (1916), four songs based on texts by Otakar Theer[cs]
Tři bajky pro soprán a klavír (Three Fables for soprano and piano), (1917), based on fairytales by Božena Němcová and Alexander Afanasyev's fables
Jaro pacholátko (Spring Child), Op. 29 (1919), three recitatives for high voice and piano
Jiříčkovy písničky (Little Jiří's Songs), Op. 36 (1917, 1922-1923), collection of children's songs
Daniny písničky a říkadla (Dana's Songs and Rhymes), Op. 49 (1928), children's songs and rhymes for toddlers
Míšovy písničky (Míša's Songs) (1932), collection of children's songs
Naše paní Božena Němcová (Our Lady Božena Němcová), Op. 112 (1954), five songs for mezzo-soprano and orchestra based on texts by František Halas.
Cantatas
Pokušení na poušti (Temptation in the Desert), Op. 34 (1922), cantata for soli, choir, orchestra, and organ based on the Gospel of Matthew (text from the Kralice Bible)
Studentské vzpomínky (Student Memories), cantata for soli, choir, and orchestra
Tyrolské elegie (Tyrolean Elegies), Op. 52 (1930), cantata for soli, male choir, and orchestra based on a poem by Karel Havlíček Borovský
Moravská kantáta (Moravian Cantata), Op. 65 (1935) for mixed choir, soli, and orchestra
Valašská jitřní mše (Wallachian Morning Mass) (1941) for soli, mixed choir, and orchestra on a text by František Táborský
Requiem in memoriam fratris dilectissimi, op. 96 (1949) in memory of his brother Petr Křička
Orchestral works
1. Symphony in D minor ("Jarní") (1905), "Spring Symphony"
2nd symphony in a minor ("Letní") (1907), "Summer Symphony"
Modrý pták (Blue Bird), Op. 16 (1911), overture to the fairytale play by Maurice Maeterlinck.
Adventus, Op. 33 (1921)
Horácká suita (Horácko Suite a.k.a. Mountain Suite), Op. 63 (1936) won 3rd prize in the composition competition in the 1936 Summer Olympics
Chamber music
1st String Quartet in D major ("Ruský") (1907), "Russian String Quartet"
Divertimento Novodvorico (1921), serenade for string quartet
Sonata in E minor for violin and piano ("Památce Jana Štursy"), Op. 40 (1925), "In Memory of Jan Štursa"
Piano Trio ("Malé domácí trio"), Op. 38 (1934), "Little domestic trio"
2nd String Quartet in E minor (1938)
3rd String Quartet ("Valašský") (1949), "Wallachian String Quartet"
Stage works
Zmoudření Dona Quijota (Don Quixote Gains His Wisdom), Op. 18 (1914), music for the stage play by Viktor Dyk
Hipolyta (Hippolyta), Op. 20 (1916), opera (premiered at the Prague National Theater on October 10, 1917)
Ogaři (The Boys), Op. 27 (1918), children's opera based on texts by Ozef Kalda
Bílý pán aneb Těžko se dnes duchům straší (The Gentleman in White, or It's Tough Scaring Ghosts Today), Op. 50 (1929), musical comedy based on Oscar Wilde's short story "The Canterville Ghost"
Tlustý pradědeček, lupiči a detektývové aneb Dobře to dopadlo (The Fat Great-Grandpa, the Robbers, and the Detectives, or It Turned Out Well), Op. 56 (1932), children's Singspiel
České jesličky (Czech Nativity), Op. 69 (1937), Christmas Singspiel
Hra na květinky. A-o-i-e-u, jaro již je tu! (A Flower Play. A-E-I-O-U, Spring is upon us!), Op. 71 (1937), Singspiel for children's choirs
Král Lávra (King Lávra), Op. 73 (1939), sung ballet based on a poem by Karel Havlíček Borovský
Psaníčko na cestách aneb Pošťácká pohádka (A Letter on A Journey, or The Postman's Fairy Tale) , Op. 79 (1941), children's Singspiel based on a fairy tale by Karel Čapek
Jáchym a Juliana (Joachim and Julianna), Op. 90 (1948), opera
Zahořanský hon (The Hunt of Zahořany), Op. 98a (1949), musical comedy based on a story by Alois Jirásek
Český Paganini aneb Slavík a Chopin (Czech Paganini, or Slavík and Chopin) (1951), operetta
Kolébka (The Cradle), Op. 101 (1950), musical comedy with songs and dances based on a story by Alois Jirásek
Tichý dům (The Silent House), Op. 105 (1952), operetta based on a story by Jan Neruda
Polka vítězí (The Polka Wins), Op. 111 (1954), operetta
Cirkus Humberto (Circus Humberto), Op. 118 (1955), operetta
Kalhoty (The Pants) (1962), Singspiel
Pohádka o 12 měsíčkách (Fairy Tale of the 12 Months) (1962), Singspiel for school children based on a fairy tale by Božena Němcová
Dvě komedie televizní: 1. Měsíc divů; 2. Šlechetný kasař aneb s poctivostí nejdál dojdeš (Two TV Comedies: 1. The Month of Marvels; 2. The Noble Safecracker, or Honesty is the Best Policy) (1963), two opera miniatures
Film Music
Svatý Václav (1929)
Naši furianti (1937)
Cech panen kutnohorských (1938)
Gabriela (1942)
Jarní píseň (1944)
Nikola Šuhaj (1947)
Štika v rybníce (1951)
Literature
Ondřej Maňour: Křička, Jaroslav. In: Ludwig Finscher (Hrsg.): Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Zweite Ausgabe, Personenteil, Band 10 (Kemp – Lert). Bärenreiter/Metzler, Kassel u. a. 2003, , Sp. 712–715 (online entry, subscription required for full access)
Jaromíra Trojanová: Jaroslav Křička: personánlí bibliografie. Státní vědecká knihovna, Brno 1984 (Czech, 81 pages).
References
External links
Profile
1882 births
1969 deaths
19th-century classical composers
19th-century Czech musicians
19th-century Czech people
19th-century Czech male musicians
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Czech people
20th-century Czech male musicians
Academic staff of the Prague Conservatory
Czech classical musicians
Czech classical organists
Czech male classical composers
Czech opera composers
Czech Romantic composers
Male opera composers
Male classical organists
People from Kelč
Musicians from the Margraviate of Moravia
Olympic bronze medalists in art competitions
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic competitors in art competitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%20K%C5%99i%C4%8Dka
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Joods Actueel (Jewish Current) is a Belgian monthly newspaper, owned and operated by the Freilich family and published in Dutch. It informs readers of news related to Jewish life in Flanders, Belgium, and elsewhere in the world. Joods Actueel was founded in January 2007 as successor to the Belgisch-Israëlitisch Weekblad (Belgian-Israeli Weekly). The newspaper is run by Michael Freilich and his mother Terry Davids.
The journal has a clear opinion on the Arab-Israeli conflict and does not hesitate to go in the offensive. In 2008 it confronted several Belgian stand-up comics and television producers for "trivialising" Adolf Hitler in a cooking show featuring his favorite dish. Its editor Guido Joris has been accused by some of using hate speech against public figures and media with an opposing view on the conflict.
References
External links
Dutch-language newspapers published in Belgium
Dutch-language newspapers
Jews and Judaism in Belgium
Zionism in Belgium
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joods%20Actueel
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Pandit Motiram Pandit Maniram Sangeet Samaroh is an annual Indian classical music festival held at Chowmahalla Palace in Hyderabad, India. The festival is organised by noted classical singer Pt. Jasraj in memory of his father and brother, both classical musicians. Jasraj always performs on 30 November every year, his father's death anniversary and a tribute to Jasraj's guru, his mentor and elder brother, Maniram, who died in 1986, and Jasraj renamed the festival to include his brother's name.
History
The festival was started in 1972 by Jasraj because of his bond with Hyderabad as he spent his childhood here and his father, Motiram's Samadhi is in the city. Maharaja Kishan Prasad Bahadur took his father to Chowmahalla Palace.
His father died in 1934, five hours before his concert at Chowmahalla Palace, where he was to be announced as the Royal musician in the court of Osman Ali Khan. Motiram and Maniram were not only vocalists but composers of repute. Amjad Ali Khan and Zakir Hussain were introduced to the city audience for the first time in 1972 during the same festival.
The festival was held at various venues like Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, CIEFL, Nizam College, and since 2009 it is held at Chowmahalla Palace. The entry to the event is free. The music festival is organised from 29 November to 1 December at the same venue, with the last day having the ‘Idea Jalsa’ music concert, clubbed with the festival this time, said Durga Jasraj.
2017 festival
Swar Sharma - Hindustani Classical
Takahiro Arai - Santoor
Jasraj - Hindustani Classical
2013 festival
The festival enters its 41st year, commencing on 29 November 2013 at Chowmahala Place Hyedrabad.
Day 1
Rattan Mohan Sharma and Swar Sharma (Prarthana)
Pushpita Mishra (Odissi dance)
L. Subramaniam (violin); Sanjeev Abhyankar (Hindustani classical vocal)
Day 2
Rimpa Siva and Yashwant (tabla duet)
Sangeet Martand Pandit Jasraj (vocal)
Day 3
Omkar Dadarkar (vocal) and Wadali Wadali Brothers
The 2012 festival
Vocal Recital by Srinivas Joshi (Son and Disciple of Pt. Bhimsen Joshi) Sarod Recital by Ustad Amjad Ali Khan
Jasrangi Jugalbandi by Ankita Joshi (Disciple of Pt. Jasraj) and Krishna Bongane (Disciple of Ustad Rashid Khan)
Vocal Recital by Pt. Jasraj
Ghazal by Ranjit Rajwada, Bhajan Recital by Anup Jalota
The 2011 festival
Sanjeev Abhyankar (Hindustani vocal); Jugalbandi Shashank Subramanyam (flute) & Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (Mohan Veena)
Rattan Mohan Sharma (Hindustani Vocal); Ramkumar Mishra (Tabla Solo); Pandit Jasraj (Hindustani vocal)
Bhaskarnath (Shehanai); Gargi Datta and Tripti Mukherjee (Hindustani Vocal Jugalbandi); Dr.Jaspinder Narula (Sufi Qawwali)
The 2010 festival
The 38th annual festival was held at Chowmahalla Palace from 29 November to 1 December
Bharatanatyam by Sirisha Shashank, Sitar recital by Manju Mehta and vocal of Sanjeev Abhyankar
Flute Recital by S. Akash, Tabla By Pt. Anindo Chatterjee, vocal concert of Pt. Jasraj
Vocal by Ankita Joshi, vocal by Madhup Mudgal and Kadri Gopalnath (Saxophone)
Past events
2009
It was held between 27 and 30 November that included Pritam Bhattacharjee (Hindustani vocal), Pt. Shiv Kumar Sharma (santoor), Tripti Mukherjee (Hindustani vocal), Pt. Ulhas Kashalkar (Hindustani vocal), Kalari Academy of Performing Arts (Kalaripayattu), Suman Ghosh (Hindustani vocal), Munnawar Masoom (qawwali), Shashank Subramanyam (flute), Yogesh Samsi (Tabla solo), Jasraj.
2008
It was held on 29 and 30 November. Performers include Sabir Khan (sarangi) and Sudha Ragunathan (Carnatic vocal), Niladri Kumar (sitar), Sanjeev Abhyankar (vocal), Rattan Mohan Sharma (vocal) and Kumar Bose (tabla solo), Hemang Mehta (vocal) and N. Rajam (violin), Vishwa Mohan Bhatt (Mohan Veena). Pandit Jasraj performed on the last day of the festival.
2007
Jasraj, Shahid Parvez, Shashank, Vocalist Pritam Bhattacharjee, Vijay Ghate, Ajay Pohankar, Manjari Chaturvedi (Sufi Kathak) and Sanjeev Abhyankar. The festival was hosted by Durga Jasraj.
2006
Jasraj performed on the first day, 30 November.
2005
Niladri Kumar (sitar), Taufiq Qureshi (percussion), Dinesh (Congo), Anand Sharma (key boards and vocals, Agnelo Fernandes (key board) and Vijay Ghate (tabla), Bhajan singer Anup Jalota performed at the festival.
2004
Hariprasad Chaurasia, Vikku Vinayakram and Selva Ganesh, U. Srinivas and Jasraj performed.
2003
Amjad Ali Khan (sarod), Raja Kale (vocal), Padma Subramanyam (Bharatanatyam) and L. Subramaniam.
See also
List of Indian classical music festivals
References
External links
Music festivals established in 1972
Hindustani classical music festivals
Festivals in Hyderabad, India
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Torin Jamal Francis (born June 26, 1983) is an American professional basketball player for La Union de Formosa of the Argentine Basketball League. He is 6'10" (2.10 m) tall and he plays at the center position. He has played professionally in Greece, Israel, Germany, Turkey, Belgium, and Italy.
College career
Francis played college basketball in the United States at the University of Notre Dame with the Notre Dame Fighting Irish.
Pro career
During his professional career, Francis has played with the Italian League clubs Orlandina Basket and Cantù. He has also played with the Greek League clubs AEL 1964, AEK Athens, and Panellinios Basket. He has also played with the Israeli League club Hapoel Jerusalem and the Turkish League club Bornova Belediye.
He was signed by Panellinios in January 2011.
In July 2011 he signed a two-year contract with Alba Berlin in Germany.
In the summer of 2012, he signed a contract with Aliağa Petkim.
On November 26, 2014, he signed with Belgian team Spirou Charleroi.
In November 2015, he signed with Argentinian team La Union de Formosa.
The Basketball Tournament (TBT)
In the summer of 2017, Francis, for the fourth year in a row, competed in The Basketball Tournament on ESPN for D.C. on Point. Competing for the $2 million grand prize, Ramón scored 15 points and grabbed nine rebounds in 30 minutes of play as D.C. on Point fell 80–75 to Team FOE, a Philadelphia based team coached by NBA forwards Markieff and Marcus Morris. Prior to 2017, Francis competed for Southern Hospitality in 2016 and for the Notre Dame Fighting Alumni in 2014 and 2015.
References
External links
NBA.com Draft Profile
Eurocup Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Turkish League Profile
Italian League Profile
Greek League Profile
Draftexpress.com Profile
AEK.com Profile
Notre Dame College Bio
1983 births
Living people
A.E.L. 1964 B.C. players
AEK B.C. players
Alba Berlin players
Aliağa Petkim basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Argentina
American expatriate basketball people in Belgium
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Italy
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Boston
Bornova Belediye players
Boston Latin School alumni
Centers (basketball)
Eskişehir Basket players
Greek Basket League players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
La Unión basketball players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball players
Orlandina Basket players
Pallacanestro Cantù players
Panellinios B.C. players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
People from Roslindale
Power forwards (basketball)
Spirou Charleroi players
Tabor Academy (Massachusetts) alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torin%20Francis
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Big Rig is a 2007 documentary film by Doug Pray about long-haul truck drivers. The film consists of a series of interviews with different drivers, focusing on both their personal life stories and also the life and culture of truck drivers in the United States.
Production
The film was shot with a crew of three people: director and cameraman Doug Pray, producer Brad Blondheim, and lighting, sound, and general production assistant Jim Dziura.
Filming took place over four different two-week roadtrips. The crew of three did not schedule interviews with truckers: they would drive into a truck stop in their RV and approach the truckers for interviews. If the driver agreed, Pray would ride as the passenger and interview the driver for the day, while Blondheim followed in the RV. Most of the interviewees were very skeptical of the crew at first, and the crew was repeatedly thrown out of truck stops for soliciting interviews, which is typically not allowed.
Director Pray and producer Blondheim became interested in a trucker documentary after a series of road trips to various concerts during the filming of Pray's Scratch. In 2001, Pray and Blondheim shot and edited a 10-minute film as a proof of concept for the film's production process.
For the film's music, producer Blondheim was inspired by the roots music featured in the film O Brother, Where Art Thou?. One of the music producers from Scratch interested them in the music of Buck 65. The final cut of the film uses several contributions from Buck 65; about one third of this was composed specifically for the film.
The film was shot on a Panasonic Varicam and edited by the director using Final Cut Pro.
In July 2012 it was announced by several in the truck driving community and by a source inside Ocule Films that there will be a sequel to the film, No time frame for when filming or production will begin on the sequel.
Reception
The film was an official selection of the Seattle International Film Festival and AFI Fest, and was featured at a handful of other small film festivals. It was released on DVD in late 2008.
The film was and remains a big hit with the trucking community and truck drivers.
References
External links
Collection of press reactions at the Big Rig official site
2007 films
American documentary films
2007 documentary films
Trucker films
Films directed by Doug Pray
Documentary films about road transport
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Rig%20%28film%29
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Joseph Paul Lonnett (February 7, 1927 – December 5, 2011) was an American professional baseball catcher, and coach, who played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Philadelphia Phillies. During his playing days, Lonnett stood tall, weighing . He threw and batted right-handed.
Playing career
Lonnett graduated from Beaver Falls High School and signed with the Phillies in 1948, and spent much of his career with the Phillies as a Minor League Baseball (MiLB) catcher and manager, and MLB catcher and scout. He missed two seasons while serving in the United States Navy in World War II and the Korean War. Lonnett spent four MLB seasons a second-string receiver, appearing in 143 games, while batting .166, with six home runs (HR) and 27 runs batted in (RBI) — never once cracking the .200 level for a season.
Coaching career
Fellow Western Pennsylvania native Chuck Tanner had promised Lonnett that he would be one of his coaches if he ever became an MLB manager. Tanner honored his word when he named Lonnett and Al Monchak third- and first-base coaches respectively with the Chicago White Sox on October 2, 1970. All three would serve in similar capacities together with the White Sox (1971–75), Oakland Athletics (1976) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1977–84).
When Tanner was traded to the Pirates for Manny Sanguillén — only the second trade in MLB history to involve a manager — Lonnett followed him to Pittsburgh. He wore Sanguillén's No. 35 jersey until the Pirates re-acquired Sanguillén a year later; after which, he wore No. 32. Eventually, Lonnett served as third-base coach on the Pirates' 1979 world championship team.
In , he was named the manager of the St. Catharines Blue Jays of the Short-Season 'A' affiliate of the Toronto Blue Jays in the New York–Penn League, which finished at 41–36, 4th in the NY–P Western Division.
Later life and death
In the final years of his life, Lonnett battled Alzheimer's disease and was cared for by his wife of 56 years, Alvida. In 2004, he attended the 25th anniversary celebration of the World's Champs, at PNC Park.
Lonnett succumbed to his long-standing illness, in his home town of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, on December 5, 2011. He was 84.
References
References
Marcin, Joe, and Byers, Dick, eds., The Official 1977 Baseball Register. St. Louis: The Sporting News, 1977.
Thorn, John, and Palmer, Peter, eds., Total Baseball. New York: Warner Books, 1989.
External links
Joe Lonnett at SABR (Baseball BioProject)
Joe Lonnett at Baseball Almanac
Joe Lonnett at Baseball Library
Pirates' Lonnett was a man who valued family Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, December 8, 2011
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette Obit
1927 births
2011 deaths
Arkansas Travelers players
Baltimore Orioles (International League) players
Baseball players from Pennsylvania
Bradford Blue Wings players
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Chicago White Sox coaches
Lockport Reds players
Louisville Colonels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball catchers
Major League Baseball third base coaches
Oakland Athletics coaches
People from Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania
Sportspeople from Beaver County, Pennsylvania
Philadelphia Phillies players
Philadelphia Phillies scouts
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Rochester Red Wings players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Terre Haute Phillies players
Utica Blue Sox players
Vandergrift Pioneers players
Wichita Braves players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Lonnett
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Gjerbës is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 813.
Notable People
Demir Zyko , Albanian Polyphonic singer.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjerb%C3%ABs
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Bastipur is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,485 people living in 425 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastipur%2C%20Sindhuli
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Belghari is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,843 people living in 510 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belghari
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Hughes River Wildlife Management Area is located in Wirt County and Ritchie County near Parkersburg, West Virginia. Located on that border both the Little Kanawha River and the Hughes River. The WMA terrain varies from river bottom to steep hillsides covered with second growth oak-hickory hardwood stands and younger pine-hardwood woodlots.
To reach the Hughes River WMA from Parkersburg follow West Virginia Route 47 east about to the Wirt County and Ritchie County line. The Hughes River WMA is located on both sides of the road at the Wirt/Ritchie county line.
Hunting and Fishing
Hunting opportunities include deer, grouse, squirrel, and turkey.
Fishing opportunities abound in both the Little Kanawha and Hughes Rivers, and can include smallmouth bass, channel catfish, muskellunge, and panfish (including bluegill.)
Camping is not permitted in the WMA. Camping is available at nearby North Bend State Park.
See also
Animal conservation
Fishing
Hunting
List of West Virginia wildlife management areas
References
External links
West Virginia DNR District 6 Wildlife Management Areas
West Virginia Hunting Regulations
West Virginia Fishing Regulations
WVDNR map of Hughes River Wildlife Management Area
Wildlife management areas of West Virginia
Protected areas of Wirt County, West Virginia
Protected areas of Ritchie County, West Virginia
IUCN Category V
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hughes%20River%20Wildlife%20Management%20Area
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Bhadrakali is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,621 people living in 619 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhadrakali%2C%20Nepal
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Leshnjë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 496.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leshnj%C3%AB
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Landssamanslutninga av Vasskraftkommunar (LVK) is a Norwegian interest group. It groups municipalities that are involved in hydropower production.
Established in 1978, in 2004 it had a membership of 150 municipalities, accounting for 60% of the area of Norway, but only 16% of the population. Among the member municipalities, all counties are represented except for Oslo, Akershus and Vestfold. While Oslo is not a member of LVK, its headquarters are nonetheless located there.
The national leader is Børre Rønningen, mayor of Vinje. Ingvald Godal, a former mayor of Vinje, chaired LVK from 1977 to 1985.
It maintains good ties with the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities (KS). It has faced the employers' organisation Norwegian Electricity Industry Association (EBL) as an opponent on many occasions, despite the fact that many of the companies that comprise the Electricity Industry Association are owned by LVK member municipalities.
It publishes the magazine LVK-nytt.
See also
List of micro-regional organizations
References
Organisations based in Oslo
Hydropower organizations
Organizations established in 1978
Local government organizations
1978 establishments in Norway
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landssamanslutninga%20av%20Vasskraftkommunar
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Albert Edward Stitfall (7 July 1924 – 1998) was a Welsh professional footballer.
Career
Stitfall was born in Cardiff, and joined his hometown side Cardiff City during the Second World War, later serving in the Royal Navy. On his return to Britain he continued to play for Cardiff, although never managing to establish himself in the first team. While at the club he also played alongside both of his brothers, Ron Stitfall would go on to become one of the club's all-time greats, making over 400 appearances, while Bob Stitfall would only ever go as far as the reserve side.
He left the club in 1952 to sign for Torquay United and, despite playing in nearly half of the club's games that season, he left the club at the end of the season never returning to league football.
References
1924 births
1998 deaths
Welsh men's footballers
Footballers from Cardiff
Cardiff City F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
English Football League players
Men's association football defenders
Royal Navy personnel of World War II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20Stitfall
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Lisa M. Schenck (née Thibault) is an American attorney, academic, and Judge of the United States Court of Military Commission Review. She has served as the associate dean for academic affairs at the George Washington University Law School since 2009. In March 2010, Schenck was appointed as a professorial lecturer in law, and teaches military justice. Prior to her career in academia, Schenck served in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps for more than 25 years.
Education
Schenck attended Providence College, graduating in 1983 with a Bachelor of Arts, and was commissioned in the U.S. Army Signal Corps.
Schenck received her Juris Doctor from Notre Dame Law School in 1989. She holds a Master of Public Administration from Fairleigh Dickinson University, from which she graduated in 1986. In 1995, she received her Master of Laws in Military Criminal Law from the U.S. Army Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School. In 1998, Schenck received a second Master of Laws, this time in environmental law, from Yale Law School. In 2007, Schenck earned a Doctor of the Science of Law degree from Yale Law School, focusing on environmental law. Her military education includes the U.S. Army Signal Corps Officer Basic Course, The Judge Advocate General's Corps, United States Army Officer Basic and Graduate Courses, and graduate-level courses at the U.S. Army Combined Arms and Services Staff School, and the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College.
Career
After retiring as a colonel with over two and a half decades of service in the United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps, Schenck held the position of senior advisor to the Defense Task Force on Sexual Assault in the military services. During her more than 25-year career as a judge advocate, Schenck served an associate appellate judge and, later, senior appellate judge, on panel 3 of the U.S. Army Court of Criminal Appeals in Arlington, Virginia (2002–2008). From 2007 to 2008, Schenck was also an appellate judge on the United States Court of Military Commission Review. During her time on the bench, Schenck reviewed hundreds of cases for appellate error, and authored over 80 judicial opinions. Prior to her time as a sitting judge on these intermediate-level appellate courts, Schenck held numerous attorney positions.
While in the Washington, D.C., area, Schenck was an environmental law attorney at the U.S. Army Legal Services Agency in Arlington, Virginia (2000–2002), and the Executive Officer at the Criminal Law Division of the Office of the Judge Advocate General in Rosslyn, Virginia (1999–2000). In the mid to late 1990s, while at the United States Military Academy, Schenck served as the chief administrative and civil law attorney in the Office of the Staff Judge Advocate (1998–1999), and as an assistant professor of constitutional and military law.
Schenck spent over three years in the OSJA at the United States Army Aviation Center of Excellence at Fort Rucker, Alabama. There she served as the chief of both the Claims and Legal Assistance Divisions, the supervising special assistant U.S. attorney, the chief of the Criminal Law Division, and finally, the deputy staff judge advocate for the Aviation Center (1991–1994).
In the early 1990s, Schenck served for several years in South Korea. At Camp Humphreys, she served as the acting command judge advocate, and as a claims and legal assistance attorney for the 23rd Area Support Group (1991). Prior to those assignments, Schenck served as trial counsel and infantry brigade legal advisor at Camp Hovey, and as trial counsel and a legal assistance attorney at Camp Stanley for the 2md Infantry Division (1990–1991).
While an officer in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, Schenck held the positions of assistant fielding team chief and assistant secretary of the general staff for the U.S. Army Communications Electronics Command at Fort Monmouth, New Jersey (1983–1986).
2
Federal judicial service
On August 27, 2018, President Donald Trump nominated Schenck to a seat on the United States Court of Military Commission Review. On August 1, 2019, her nomination was confirmed by the Senate by voice vote. She was sworn in on August 16, 2019.
References
External links
Biography at George Washington University
Biography at Ballotpedia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
21st-century American lawyers
21st-century American judges
Fairleigh Dickinson University alumni
George Washington University faculty
United States Army Judge Advocate General's Corps
Notre Dame Law School alumni
Providence College alumni
United States Army officers
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Donald Trump
Judges of the United States Court of Military Commission Review
University of Virginia School of Law alumni
Women in the United States Army
Yale Law School alumni
The Judge Advocate General's Legal Center and School alumni
20th-century American women lawyers
21st-century American women lawyers
20th-century American women judges
21st-century American women judges
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20M.%20Schenck
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Overpopulation or overabundance is a phenomenon in which a species' population becomes larger than the carrying capacity of its environment. This may be caused by increased birth rates, lowered mortality rates, reduced predation or large scale migration, leading to an overabundant species and other animals in the ecosystem competing for food, space, and resources. The animals in an overpopulated area may then be forced to migrate to areas not typically inhabited, or die off without access to necessary resources.
Judgements regarding overpopulation always involve both facts and values. Animals often are judged overpopulated when their numbers cause impacts that people find dangerous, damaging, expensive, or otherwise harmful. Societies may be judged overpopulated when their human numbers cause impacts that degrade ecosystem services, decrease human health and well-being, or crowd other species out of existence.
Background
In ecology, overpopulation is a concept used primarily in wildlife management. Typically, an overpopulation causes the entire population of the species in question to become weaker, as no single individual is able to find enough food or shelter. As such, overpopulation is thus characterized by an increase in the diseases and parasite-load which live upon the species in question, as the entire population is weaker. Other characteristics of overpopulation are lower fecundity, adverse effects on the environment (soil, vegetation or fauna) and lower average body weights. Especially the worldwide increase of deer populations, which usually show irruptive growth, is proving to be of ecological concern. Ironically, where ecologists were preoccupied with conserving or augmenting deer populations only a century ago, the focus has now shifted in the direct opposite, and ecologists are now more concerned with limiting the populations of such animals.
Supplemental feeding of charismatic species or interesting game species is a major problem in causing overpopulation, as is too little hunting or trapping of such species. Management solutions are increasing hunting by making it easier or cheaper for (foreign) hunters to hunt, banning supplemental feeding, awarding bounties, forcing landowners to hunt or contract professional hunters, using immunocontraception, promoting the harvest of venison or other wild meats, introducing large predators (rewilding), poisonings or introducing diseases.
A useful tool in wildlife culling is the use of mobile freezer trailers in which to store carcasses. The harvest of meat from wild animals is a sustainable method of creating a circular economy.
Immunocontraception is a non-lethal method of regulating wild-animal population growth. Immunocontraception has been successfully used or tested in a variety of wild-animal populations including those of bison, deer, elephants, gray squirrels, pigeons, rats and wild horses. Among the limitations of injectable immunocontraceptives are a relatively long time between vaccine administration and a reduction in population size (although stabilization of population size occurs faster) and the need to be in close proximity with animals for injection. Oral vaccines do not have the latter limitation, but they are still not as well developed as injectable vaccines.
Judgements about overpopulation of wildlife or domestic animals typically are made in terms of human purposes and interests; since these vary, such judgements may vary, too. Judgements about human overpopulation are even more contentious, since the purposes and interests involved may be very important, even rising to the level of existence itself. Nevertheless, all people and every society have an interest in preserving a habitable biosphere, which may be compromised or degraded by too may people. In the context of rapid climate change, mass species extinction and other global environmental problems, discussions regarding human overpopulation are inevitable.
Recent scientific evidence from many sources suggests Earth may be overpopulated currently. Evidence of rapidly declining ecosystem services was presented in detail in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of 2005, a collaborative effort involving more than 1,360 experts worldwide. More recent scientific accounts are provided by ecological footprint accounting and interdisciplinary research on planetary boundaries for safe human use of biosphere. The Sixth Assessment Report on Climate Change from the IPCC and the First Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services by the IPBES, large international summaries of the state of scientific knowledge regarding climate disruption and biodiversity loss, also support the view that unprecedented human numbers are contributing to global ecological decline. Recent estimates of a sustainable global human population run between two and four billion people.
Judgements about human or animal overpopulation hinge partly on whether people feel a moral obligation to leave sufficient habitat and resources to preserve viable populations of other species. Recent biodiversity losses show that humanity's success in supporting larger human populations over the past century has depended on reducing the populations of many of Earth's other species. This is a special example of the competitive exclusion principle in ecology, which states that two species which compete for the same limited resource cannot coexist at constant population values. Today humanity essentially competes with other species everywhere on Earth. We thus face choices regarding whether to preserve populations of other species and limit our own, or not. These essentially ethical choices will make a difference in future judgements about overpopulation.
Well studied species
Deer
In Scotland the program of having landowners privately cull the overpopulation of red deer in the highlands has proved an abject failure. Scotland's deer are stunted, emaciated, and frequently starve in the Spring. As of 2016 the population is now so high, that 100,000 deer would need to be culled each year only to maintain the current population. A number of landowners have proven unwilling to accede to the law, requiring government intervention anyway. It has been necessary to contract professional hunters in order to satisfy landowner legislation regarding the annual cull. Millions of pounds of taxpayers' cash is spent on the annual cull. As of 2020, 100,000 deer are shot each year. Compounding the problem, some landowners have used supplemental feeding at certain shooting blinds in order to ease sport hunting.
Overpopulation can have effects on forage plants, eventually causing a species to alter the greater environment. Natural ecosystems are extremely complex. The overpopulation of deer in Britain has been caused by legislation making hunting more difficult, but another reason may be the proliferation of forests, used by different deer species to breed and shelter. Forests and parks have caused Britain to be much more forested than it was in recent history, and may thus perversely be causing biodiversity loss, conversion of heath habitat to grassland, extirpation of grassland and woodland plants due to overgrazing and the changing of the habitat structure. Examples are bluebells and primroses. Deer open up the forest and reduce the amount of brambles, which then has knock-on effects on dormice and certain birds which nest near the ground, such as the capercaillie, dunnock, nightingale, song thrush, willow warbler, marsh tit, willow tit and bullfinch. Populations of the nightingale and the European turtle dove are believed to be primarily impacted by muntjac. Grouse populations suffer due to smashing into the fencing needed to protect against deer.
A significant amount of the environmental destruction in Britain is caused by an overabundance of deer. Besides ecological effects, overpopulation of deer causes economic effects due to browsing on crops, expensive fencing needed to combat this and protect new afforestation planting and coppice growth, and increasing numbers of road traffic incidents. High populations cause stripping of the bark of trees, eventually destroying forests. Protecting forests from deer costs on average three times as much as planting the forest in the first place. The NGO Trees for Life spent weeks planting native trees in Scotland, aiming to rebuild the ancient Caledonian Forest. After winter snowdrifts in 2014/2015 flattened the deer fences, more than a decade's growth was lost in a matter of weeks. In 2009 – 2010 the cost of forest protection in Scotland ran to £10.5m.
Some animals, such as muntjac, are too small and boring for most hunters to shoot, which poses additional management problems.
In the United States the exact same problem is seen with white-tailed deer, where populations have exploded and become invasive species in some areas. The state of Wisconsin has an estimated population of 1.9 million White tail deer, measured in 2020. In continental Europe roe deer pose a similar problem, although the populations were formerly much less, they have swelled in the 20th century so that although two and a half million are shot each year by hunters in Western Europe alone, as of 1998, the population still appears to be increasing, causing problems for forestry and traffic. In an experiment where roe deer on a Norwegian island were freed from human harvest and predators, the deer showed a doubling of the population each year or two. In the Netherlands and southern England roe deer were extirpated from the entirety of the country except for a few small areas around 1875. In the 1970s the species was still completely absent from Wales, but as of 2013, it has colonized the entire country. As new forests were planted in the Netherlands in the 20th century, the population began to expand rapidly. As of 2016 there are some 110,000 deer in the country.
Birds
Aquaculture operations, recreation angling and populations of endangered fish such as the schelly are impacted by cormorant populations. Open aquaculture ponds provide winter or year-round homes and food for cormorants. Cormorants' effect on the aquaculture industry is significant, with a dense flock capable of consuming an entire harvest. Cormorants are estimated to cost the catfish industry in Mississippi alone between $10 million and $25 million annually. Cormorant culling is commonly achieved by sharp-shooting, nest destruction, roost dispersal and oiling the eggs.
Geese numbers have also been called overpopulated. In the Canadian Arctic region, snow geese, Ross's geese, greater white-fronted geese and some populations of Canada geese have been increasing significantly over the past decades. Lesser snow geese populations have increased to over three million, and continue to increase by some 5% per year. Giant Canada geese have grown from near extinction to nuisance levels, in some areas. Average body sizes have decreased and parasite loads are higher. Before the 1980s, Arctic geese populations had boom and bust cycles (see above) thought to be based on food availability, although there are still some bust years, this no longer seems the case.
It is difficult to know what the numbers of geese were before the 20th century, before human impact presumably altered them. There are a few anecdotal claims from that time of two or three million, but these are likely exaggerations, as that would imply a massive die-off or vast amounts harvested, for which there is no evidence. More likely estimates from the period of 1500 to 1900 are a few hundred thousand animals, which implies that with the exception of Ross's geese, modern populations of geese are many millions more than in pre-industrial levels.
Humans are blamed as the ultimate cause for the increase, directly and indirectly, due to management legislation limiting hunting introduced specifically in order to protect bird populations, but most importantly due to the increase in agriculture and large parks, which has had the effect of creating vast amounts of unintentional sanctuaries filled with food. Urban geese flocks have increased enormously. City ordinances generally prohibit discharging firearms, keeping such flocks safe, and there is abundant food. Geese profit from agricultural grain crops, and seem to be shifting their habitat preferences to such farmlands. Reduction of goose hunting in the US since the 1970s seems to have further had the effect of protecting populations. In Canada hunting has also decreased dramatically, from 43.384% harvest rates in the 1960s to 8% in the 1990s. Nonetheless, when kill rates were compared to populations, hunting alone does not seems to be solely responsible for the increase -weather or a not yet completed shift in habitat preference to agricultural land may also be factors. Although hunting may have formerly been the main factor in maintaining stable populations, ecologists no longer consider it a practical management solution, as public interest in the practice has continued to wane, and the population is now so large that the massive culls needed are unrealistic to ask from the public. Climate change in the Arctic would appear to be an obvious cause for the increase, but when subpopulations are correlated with local climatic increases, this does not seem to hold true, and furthermore, breeding regions seem to be shifting southwards anyway, irrespective of climate change.
The nutrient subsidy provided by foraging in agricultural land may have made the overall landscape use by geese unsustainable. Where such geese congregate local plant communities have been substantially altered; these chronic effects are cumulative, and have been considered a threat to the Arctic ecosystems, due to knock-on effects on native ducks, shorebirds and passerines. Grubbing and overgrazing by geese completely denudes the tundra and marshland, in combination with abiotic processes, this creates large desert expanses of hypersaline, anoxic mud which continue to increase each year. Biodiversity drops to only one or two species which are inedible for geese, such as Senecio congestus, Salicornia borealis and Atriplex hastata. Because grazing occurs in serial stages, with biodiversity decreasing at each stage, floral composition may be used as an indicator of the degree of goose foraging at a site. Other effects are destruction of the vegetation holding dunes in place, the shift from sedge meadows and grassy swards with herbaceous plants to moss fields, which can eventually give way to bare ground called 'peat barrens', and the erosion of this bare peat until glacial gravel and till is bared. In the High Arctic research is less developed: Eriophorum scheuchzeri and E. angustifolium fens appear to be affected, and are being replaced by carpets of moss, whereas meadows covered in Dupontia fisheri appear to be escaping destruction. There does not appear to be the damage found at lower latitudes in the Arctic. There is little proper research in effects on other birds. The yellow rail (Coturnicops noveboracensis) appears to be extirpated from areas of Manitoba due habitat loss caused by the geese, whereas on the other hand the semipalmated plover (Charadrius semipalmatus) appears to be taking advantage of the large areas of dead willows as a breeding ground.
In the wintering grounds in continental USA, effects are much less pronounced. Experimentally excluding geese by means of fencing in North Carolina has found heavily affected areas can regenerate after only two years. Bulrush stands (Schoenoplectus americanus) are still an important component of the diet, but there are indications the bulrush is being impacted, with soft mudflats gradually replacing areas where it grows.
Damage to agriculture is primarily to seedlings, winter wheat and hay production. Changing the species composition to species less palatable to geese, such as Lotus may alleviate losses in hay operations. Geese also feed on agricultural land without causing economic loss, gleaning seeds from corn, soya or other grains and feeding on wheat, potato and corn stubble. In Québec crop damage insurance for the hay industry began in 1992 and claims increased yearly; actual compensation paid by the government, including administrative costs, amount to some half a million dollars a year.
The fact that Arctic regions are remote, there is little public understanding for combatting the problem, and ecologists as yet do not have any effective solutions for combatting the problem anyway. In Canada, the most important hunters of geese are the Cree people around Hudson Bay, members of the Mushkegowuk Harvesters Association, with an average kill rate of up to 60.75 birds per species per hunter in the 1970s. Kill rates have dropped, with hunters taking only half as much in the 1990s. However, total numbers of kills have increased, i.e. there are more hunters, but they are killing less per person. Nonetheless, per household the kills are approximately the same, at 100 birds. This indicates that stimulating an increase in native hunting might be difficult to achieve. The Cree population has increased. Elders say the taste of the birds has gotten worse, and they are thinner, both possibly effects due to the overpopulation. Elders also say that hunting has gotten more difficult, because there are less young and goslings, which are more likely to fall for decoys. Inuit and other people in the north do much less hunting of geese, with kill rates of 1 to 24 per species per hunter. Per kilogram, hunters save some $8.14 to $11.40 from buying poultry at stores. Total kill numbers from hunters elsewhere in the US and southern Canada has been falling steadily. This is blamed on a decline in people interested in hunting, more feeding areas for the birds, and larger flocks with more experienced adult birds which makes decoying difficult. Individual hunters are bagging higher numbers, compensating lower hunter numbers.
Management strategies in the USA include increasing the bag limit and the number of open hunting days, goose egg addling, trapping and relocation, and egg and nest destruction, managing habitat to make it less attractive to geese, harassment and direct culling. In Denver, Colorado, during moulting season biologists rounded up 300Canada geese (of 5,000 in the city), ironically on Canada Day, killing them and distributing the meat to needy families (as opposed to sending it to a landfill), to try to curb the number of geese, following such programs in New York, Pennsylvania, Oregon and Maryland. Complaints about the birds were that they had taken over the golf courses, pooped all over the place, devoured native plants and scared citizens. Such culls have proven socially controversial, with intense backlash by some citizens. Park officials had tried dipping eggs in oil, using noise-makers and planting tall plants, but this was not sufficient.
In Russia, the problem does not seem to exist, likely due to human harvest and local long-term cooling climate trends in the Russian Far East and Wrangel Island.
It is also possible that the population growth is completely natural, and that when the carrying capacity of the environment is reached the population will stop growing. For organisations such as Ducks Unlimited, the resurgence of goose populations in North America can be called one of the greatest success story in wildlife management. By 2003 the US goose harvest was approaching 4 million, three times the numbers 30 years previously.
Pets
In the United States, over half of the households own a dog or a cat. Even with so much pet ownership there is still an issue with pet overpopulation, especially seen in shelters. Because of this problem it is estimated that between 10 and 25 percent of dogs and cats are killed yearly. The animals are killed humanely, but the goal is to greatly lower and eventually completely avoid this. Estimating the overpopulation of pets, especially cats and dogs, is a difficult task, but it has been a continuous problem. It has been hard to determine the number of shelters and animals in each shelter around even just the US. Animals are constantly being moved around or euthanized, so it is difficult to keep track of those numbers across the country. It is becoming universally agreed upon that sterilization is a tool that can help reduce population size so that less offspring are produced in the future With less offspring, pet populations can start to decrease which reduces the amount that get killed each year.
Population cycles
In the wild, rampant population growth of prey species often causes growth in the populations of predators. Such predator-prey relationships can form cycles, which are usually mathematically modelled as Lotka–Volterra equations.
In natural ecosystems, predator population growth lags just behind the prey populations. After the prey population crashes, the overpopulation of predators causes the entire population to be subjected to mass starvation. The population of the predator drops, as less young are able to survive into adulthood. This could be considered a perfect time for wildlife managers to allow hunters or trappers to harvest as much of these animals as necessary, for example lynx in Canada, although on the other hand this may impact the ability of the predator to rebound when the prey population begins to exponentially increase again. Such mathematical models are also crucial in determining the amount of fish which may be sustainably harvested in fisheries, this is known as the maximum sustainable yield.
Predator population growth has the effect of controlling the prey population, and can result in the evolution of prey species in favour of genetic characteristics that render it less vulnerable to predation (and the predator may co-evolve, in response).
In the absence of predators, species are bound by the resources they can find in their environment, but this does not necessarily control overpopulation, at least in the short term. An abundant supply of resources can produce a population boom followed by a population crash. Rodents such as lemmings and voles have such population cycles of rapid growth and subsequent decrease. Snowshoe hares populations similarly cycle dramatically, as did those of one of their predators, the lynx. Another example is the cycles among populations of grey wolves and moose in Isle Royale National Park. For some still unexplained reason, such patterns in mammal population dynamics are more prevalent in ecosystems found at more arctic latitudes.
Some species such as locusts experience large natural cyclic variations, experienced by farmers as plagues.
Determining population size/density
When determining whether a population is overpopulated a variety of factors must be looked at. Given the complexity of the issue, scientists and wildlife managers often differ in judging such claims. In many cases scientists will look to food sources and living space to gauge the abundance of a species in a particular area. National parks collect extensive data on the activities and quality of the environment they are established in. This data can be used to track whether a specific species is consuming larger amounts of their desired food source over time.
This is done typically in four ways, the first being "total counting". Researchers will use aerial photography to count large populations in a specific area such as deer, waterfowl, and other "flocking" or "herd" animals. Incomplete counts involve counting a small subsection of a population and extrapolating the data across the whole area. This method will take into account the behavior of the animals such as how much territory a herd may cover, the density of the population, and other potential factors that may come into question.
The third method is "indirect counts"; this is done by looking at the environment for signs of animal presence. Typically done by counting fecal matter or dens/nesting of a particular animal. This method is not as accurate as direct counting, but gives general counts of a population in a specific locale.
Lastly the method of mark-recapture is used extensively to determine general population sizes. This method involves the trapping of animals after which some form of tag is placed on the animal and it is released back into the wild. After which, other trappings will determine population size based on the number of marked versus unmarked animals.
Fish populations
Similar methods can be used to determine the population of fish however some key differences arise in the extrapolation of data. Unlike many land animals in-land fish populations are divided into smaller population sizes. Factors such as migration may not be relevant when determining population in a specific locales while more important for others such as the many species of salmon or trout. Monitoring of waterways and isolated bodies of water provide more frequently updated information on the populations in specific areas. This is done using similar methods to the mark-recapture methods of many land animals.
Introduced species
The introduction of a foreign species has often caused ecological disturbance, such as when deer and trout were introduced into Argentina, or when rabbits were introduced to Australia and predators were introduced in turn to attempt to control the rabbits.
When an introduced species is so successful that its population begins to increase exponentially and causes deleterious effects to farmers, fisheries, or the natural environment, these introduced species are called invasive species.
In the case of the Mute swan, Cygnus olor, their population has rapidly spread across much of North America as well as parts of Canada and western Europe. This species of swan has caused much concern for wildlife management as they damage aquatic vegetation, and harass other waterfowl, displacing them. The population of the Mute swan has seen an average increase of around 10-18% per year which further threatens to impact the areas they inhabit. Management of the species comes in a variety of ways. Similar to overpopulated or invasive species, hunting is one of the most effective methods of population control. Other methods may involve trapping, relocation, or euthanasia.
Criticism
In natural ecosystems, populations naturally expand until they reach the carrying capacity of the environment; if the resources on which they depend are exhausted, they naturally collapse. According to the animal rights movement, calling this an 'overpopulation' is more an ethics question than a scientific fact. Animal rights organisations are commonly critics of ecological systems and wildlife management. Animal rights activists and locals earning income from commercial hunts counter that scientists are outsiders who do not know wildlife issues, and that any slaughter of animals is evil.
Various case studies indicate that use of cattle as 'natural grazers' in many European nature parks due to absence of hunting, culling or natural predators (such as wolves), may cause an overpopulation because the cattle do not migrate. This has the effect of reducing plant biodiversity, as the cattle consume native plants. Because such cattle populations begin to starve and die in the winter as available forage drops, this has caused animal rights activists to advocate supplemental feeding, which has the effect of exacerbating the ecological effects, causing nitrification and eutrophication due to excess faeces, deforestation as trees are destroyed, and biodiversity loss.
Despite the ecological effects of overpopulation, wildlife managers may want such high populations in order to satisfy public enjoyment of seeing wild animals. Others contend that introducing large predators such as lynx and wolves may have similar economic benefits, even if tourists rarely actually catch glimpses of such creatures.
In regards to population size, most of the methods used give estimates that vary in accuracy to the actual size and density of the population. Criticisms of theses methods generally fall onto the efficacy of methods used.
Human overpopulation
Overpopulation can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates against the background of high fertility rates. It is possible for very sparsely populated areas to be overpopulated if the area has a meagre or non-existent capability to sustain life (e.g. a desert). Advocates of population moderation cite issues like quality of life and risk of starvation and disease and human pressures on the environment as a basis to argue against continuing high human population growth and for population decline.
See also
Overshoot (population)
References
Population density
Population ecology
Zoology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overpopulation
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The Anguilla national cricket team is the representative cricket team of Anguilla.
The team takes part in inter-regional cricket competitions in the Caribbean, but has only appeared in senior cricket twice, in the two Stanford 20/20 tournaments. For domestic first-class and List A purposes, Anguilla is subsumed into the Leeward Islands cricket team. The first Anguillan to play Test cricket for West Indies was Omari Banks in 2003.
History
Representative cricket has been played by Anguilla since the late 1970s. Early games were played as part of the three-day (but not first-class) Heineken Challenge Trophy (the sponsored Leeward Islands Tournament), although at first the team was not a full participant and played only two games each year in the 1977, 1978 and 1979 tournaments.
The team suffered a run of heavy defeats in their early years; Anguilla's first win in the competition came against Montserrat in the 1980 tournament.
Notable players
Current Leeward Islands players
Montcin Hodge
Jahmar Hamilton
Kelbert Walters
Lyndel Richardson
Chesney Hughes
Yannick Leonard
Former Leeward Islands players
Omari Banks (2001 - 2013)
Chaka Hodge (2002 - 2008)
Alex Adams (1997 - 2005)
Lanville Harrigan (1988 - 2003)
Eustace Proctor (1986)
Other
Cardigan Connor (played English county cricket)
Stanford 20/20
Anguilla's only games of senior cricket have come in Twenty20, as part of the Stanford 20/20 competitions in 2006 and 2007-08. Their debut at this level was against Barbados at the Stanford Cricket Ground in Coolidge, Antigua on 18 July 2006; Barbados won the match by 38 runs.
On 3 February 2008, they played Grenada, who won by 16 runs despite a 39-ball unbeaten 75 from Anguilla's Montcin Hodge.
2006 Stanford 20/20 Squad
Omari Banks
Alex Adams
Terrence Adams
Chaka Hodge
Montcin Hodge
Chesney Hughes
Leon Lake
Delano Mussington
Daniel Proctor
Lyndel Richardson
Irving Rogers
Delon Skellekie
Kelbert Walters
2007/2008 Stanford 20/20 Squad
Chaka Hodge
Omari Banks
Terrence Adams
Masimba Bowen
Marlon Bryson
Jahmar Hamilton
Montcin Hodge
Chesney Hughes
Junior Johnson
Leon Lake
Rondal Lake
Yannick Leonard
Daniel Proctor
Shridath Rey
Lyndel Richardson
Kelbert Walters
Source:2006 Squad 2007/08 Squad
Notes
C
National team
National cricket teams
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguilla%20national%20cricket%20team
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Milwaukee Chiefs may refer to:
Milwaukee Chiefs (AFL), team that competed in the third American Football League
Milwaukee Chiefs (ice hockey), team that competed in the International Hockey League
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milwaukee%20Chiefs
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Artibus et Historiae is a semi-annual publication of art historical research published by IRSA (Institute for Art Historical Research) since 1980. It is a scholarly peer review journal embracing a broad range of topics within the field of art history; however, it aims to address interdisciplinary connections at the peripheries of art and other humanistic fields, such as psychology, sociology, philosophy, or literature.
It appears twice a year, in hardback. The articles are in one of four languages: English, Italian, German, or French
Artibus et Historiae is indexed in the Bibliography of the History of Art (BHA) and its articles are deposited in electronic form accessible through JSTOR.
Title and Logo
Artibus et Historiae takes its title from the private experiences of its founder and editor-in-chief, Polish art historian Dr. hab. Józef Grabski. "Artibus" is an inscription on the fronton of an old and very prestigious art exhibition hall, "Zachęta" (Society for Encouragement of Fine Arts, founded in 1860), in his native Warsaw. The second part of the title, "Historiae", is a tribute paid to the Countess Karolina Lanckorońska, professor of art history and editor of Polish historical sources in her own "Institutum Historicum Polonicum" in Rome, Italy.
The logo of IRSA and Artibus et Historiae - a symbolic representation of a winged putto standing firmly on a balance, held in his own hands - comes from a Renaissance painting by Lorenzo Lotto (Portrait of a Man Aged Thirty-Seven. c. 1542 Collection Doria Pamphili, Rome) and symbolizes the Platonic idea of internal equilibrium between the spiritual and the physical aspects of the activities and existence of man.
History
Artibus et Historiae is the primary publication issued by IRSA. The idea of publishing a new art journal was conceived by Dr. Grabski in the late 1970s and realized after the International Congress of Art History (CIHA) in Bologna (1979). Thus IRSA Publishing House was brought into being and the first number of Artibus et Historiae appeared in 1980. It has since continued to feature groundbreaking articles at the forefront of art historical research. In 2019 the periodical will celebrate forty years of international readership.
Journal Profile
Artibus et Historiae presents scholarly contributions to the field of art history addressing a wide-ranging spectrum of topics. Although art history remains the main focus of the journal, many articles address interdisciplinary aspects at the frontiers of art and other humanistic fields, such as psychology, sociology, philosophy, and literature. Likewise, articles are not limited to particular media or form and many address topics in photography or film as well as the theory and reception of art.
Certain works, which due to their length, could not have been published in periodical form, have appeared as volumes in the series from Bibliotheca Artibus et Historiae.
References
External links
Official website
Polish-language journals
Art history journals
Academic journals published in Poland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artibus%20et%20Historiae
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Çepan is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 740.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87epan
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Bhiman (Nepali भिमान ) is a town in Kamalamai Municipality Ward no. 11 in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7,609 people living in 1,389 individual households.
Geography
Bhiman is an important town in Sindhuli District as it is a gateway to the district from terai region of Nepal. It is at a distance of 19 Kilometers from Bardibas. Bhiman is located on B.P. Koirala Highway, and is only 18 Kilometers from district headquarter Sindhulimadi. Bhiman - Katahari road passes through the town. The town of Bhiman lies close to the bank of Kamala River. A small seasonal river Bhiman Khola also flows near the town. Bhiman is located at .
Education
Bhiman is an important educational hub in Sindhuli district. Bhiman has a number of schools from primary level to college level. Bhiman has three secondary schools and a primary school, Shri Jana Jagriti Higher Secondary School and campus, Scholar's Academy, Kamala Academic School and Shree Hariyali Primary School is the only primary school. Shri Jana Jagriti Higher Secondary School and campus offers high school level(10+2) and Bachelor level courses on Arts and Commerce disciplines, which is affiliated to Tribhuwan University.
Business
Bhiman is a business hub for its surrounding villages. It has one Developmental Bank (Class B); Matribhumi Bikas Bank Limited. In addition, it has three Finance companies, there is building and construction material pasal (Manakamana and shrestha hardware pasal). There is a weekly market, Fridays are the day for weekly markets.
HEALTH: Bhiman has a Sub District Hospital, which has basic health facilities. There is a separate Maternity ward in the hospital. There are few other health clinics managed by Private persons.
SECURITY:
Bhiman, in terms of security have one Army Base Camp consisting 70+ armed Arms and one Police Station consisting about 24 police and is a safe and secure place to visit.
Related:
Clubs like Bhiman Youth Club, Pannesi Youth Club and Srijana Youth Club are the active clubs of Bhiman following the different cultures and traditions taught by ancestors. These clubs organizes the sanitarium programs and organizes different other sports and competition like Football Tournament, Cricket Tournament, Cultural program, and also helps in social awareness.
Transport
Bhiman is well connected to Mahendra Highway, also called East-West Highway and B.P. Koirala Highway also known as Banepa - Bardibas Highway. Bhiman is well connected to major cities in Nepal and there are daily buses to Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar, Birjung, Janakpurdham. The nearest airport is the domestic airport in Janakpurdham. Bhiman has an Administration office, Forest office, post office and a health post. The major mobile operators in Nepal like Nepal Telecom, Ncell and Smartcell providing both GSM and CDMA services. There is also facility of landline phone.
Sports
Bhiman is well known for sports like football, volleyball, badminton & cricket around the Sindhuli.
Active clubs like Bhiman youth club, Rato Guras Yuva Club and others organizes sports event like football league during festive time with participants from many different places.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhiman
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Canonicus (c. 1565–1647) was a Native American chief of the Narragansett.
Canonicus may also refer to:
USS Canonicus, the name of several United States Navy ships
Canonicus-class monitor, a class of nine ships built for the Union Navy during the American Civil War
Conus canonicus, common name the tiger cone, a species of sea snail
Father John Canonicus, who directed the building of St. Joseph's Cathedral, Criciúma, Brazil
Canon (priest), from Latin canonicus
See also
Canon Digital IXUS, a camera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canonicus%20%28disambiguation%29
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Mahmud Kâmil Pasha (1880 – 28 November 1922) was a general of the Ottoman Army. He was born in Heleb (Aleppo) and died in Istanbul.
Career
Mahmud Kamil was born in Halab to a notable Arab family. On 22 December 1914, Kâmil was appointed as the commander of the Second Army. On 17 February 1915, he was appointed as the commander of the 3rd Army in the eastern Anatolia, later assigned to 5th Army. During this time, he participated in the Armenian genocide. He issued directives ordering the deportation of all of the remaining Armenians in the city of Erzurum. He issued special orders not to spare the old, sick, or pregnant women.
Kâmil commanded the 3rd Army until the fall of the key fortress of Erzurum in February 1916, after which he was relieved of command. After the armistice of Mudros the allied administration established with the occupation of Constantinople arrested him and become one of the Malta exiles. He was later released. In June 1922, he resigned due to an illness. He killed himself later that year.
References
1880 births
1922 suicides
Armenian genocide perpetrators
People from Aleppo
Ottoman Military Academy alumni
Ottoman Military College alumni
Ottoman military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Ottoman Army generals
Pashas
Ottoman military personnel of World War I
Exiles from the Ottoman Empire
Malta exiles
Ottoman military personnel who committed suicide
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmud%20K%C3%A2mil%20Pasha
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Bhimeshwar is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census, it had a population of 1,855 people living in 326 individual households.
Education
Bhim Public High School
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimeshwar%2C%20Sindhuli
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Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed's written breed standard. A dog that conforms to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation. Unlike equine conformation, there are no fixed rules for dog conformation, as dogs are the most variable in appearance of any animals ("Phenotypic variation among dog breeds, whether it be in size, shape, or behavior, is greater than for any other animal"). Instead, conformation in dogs is based on the dog type from which the breed developed, along with many details that have been added to the breed standard for purposes of differentiation from other breeds, for working reasons, or for enhancing the beauty of the animals from the viewpoint of the fanciers who wrote the breed standards.
Breed standards
The breed standard for each breed of dog details desirable and undesirable attributes of appearance and temperament for an individual breed. Due to the great variability in dogs, there is no one standard of good conformation. What is good conformation for a lapdog will not be good conformation for a guard dog; good leg structure for a dog that must travel long distances will not be the same as good leg structure for dogs whose conformation requires short bursts of speed.
Breed standards are designed solely to describe the breed's history and purpose, temperament, and appearance. The breed standard is not a checkbox list of requirements, but rather a description, giving a detailed "word picture" of an idealized dog of that breed. Requirements for documentation, genetic testing, health testing, testing for particular styles of work or fitness for particular dog sports or requirements for training are beyond the scope of a breed standard, and are instead developed as breeder guidelines by breed clubs, kennel clubs, or even by national agricultural department rules. Conformation refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, along with the dog's expected temperament, which varies for each breed or type of dog.
For details about contents of a breed's breed standard and what is considered good conformation for a particular breed, see the article about that specific breed of dog.
See also
Canine terminology
List of dog breeds
Breed Groups (dog)
Breed type
Dog anatomy
Fault (dog)
References
Dog shows and showing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformation%20%28dog%29
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Potom is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 897.
Localities
The municipal unit Potom consists of the following villages:
Backë
Dyrmish
Gërmenj
Gjergjovë
Helmës
Koprënckë
Melskë
Nikollarë
Potom
Qafë
Staraveckë
Visockë
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potom
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In mathematics and control theory, H2, or H-square is a Hardy space with square norm. It is a subspace of L2 space, and is thus a Hilbert space. In particular, it is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space.
On the unit circle
In general, elements of L2 on the unit circle are given by
whereas elements of H2 are given by
The projection from L2 to H2 (by setting an = 0 when n < 0) is orthogonal.
On the half-plane
The Laplace transform given by
can be understood as a linear operator
where is the set of square-integrable functions on the positive real number line, and is the right half of the complex plane. It is more; it is an isomorphism, in that it is invertible, and it isometric, in that it satisfies
The Laplace transform is "half" of a Fourier transform; from the decomposition
one then obtains an orthogonal decomposition of into two Hardy spaces
This is essentially the Paley-Wiener theorem.
See also
H∞
References
Jonathan R. Partington, "Linear Operators and Linear Systems, An Analytical Approach to Control Theory", London Mathematical Society Student Texts 60, (2004) Cambridge University Press, .
Control theory
Mathematical analysis
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%20square
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A hot Neptune or Hoptune is a type of giant planet with a mass similar to that of Uranus or Neptune orbiting close to its star, normally within less than 1 AU. The first hot Neptune to be discovered with certainty was Gliese 436 b in 2007, an exoplanet about 33 light years away. Recent observations have revealed a larger potential population of hot Neptunes in the Milky Way than was previously thought. Hot Neptunes may have formed either in situ or ex situ.
General characteristics
Because of their close proximity to their parent stars, hot Neptunes have a much greater rate and chance of transiting their star as seen from a farther outlying point, than planets of the same mass in larger orbits. This increases the chances of discovering them by transit-based observation methods.
Transiting hot Neptunes include Gliese 436 b and HAT-P-11b. Gliese 436 b (also known as GJ 436b) was the first hot Neptune to be discovered with certainty in 2007. The exoplanet Dulcinea (or HD 160691 c) discovered in 2004 might also be a hot Neptune, but it has not been determined definitively. Another may be Kepler-56b, which has a mass somewhat larger than Neptune's and orbits its star at 0.1 AU, closer than Mercury orbits the Sun.
The first theoretical study of how hot Neptunes could form was carried out in 2004.
If these planets formed ex situ, i.e., by migrating to their current locations while growing, they may contain large quantities of frozen volatiles and amorphous ices. Otherwise, if they formed in situ, their inventory of heavy elements should be made entirely of refractory materials. Yet, regardless of the mode of formation, hot Neptunes should contain large fractions (by mass) of gases, primarily hydrogen and helium, which also account for most of their volume.
Ultra-hot Neptune
LTT 9779 b is the first ultra-hot Neptune discovered with an orbital period of 19 hours and an atmospheric temperature of over 1700 degrees Celsius. Being so close to its star and with a mass around twice that of Neptune, its atmosphere should have evaporated into space so its existence requires an unusual explanation. A candidate planet around Vega slightly more massive than Neptune was detected in 2021. It orbits Vega, an A-class star, every 2.43 days, and with a temperature of about 2500 degrees Celsius would be the second-hottest planet on record if confirmed.
See also
References
Sources
A discussion of the "Detection of transits of the nearby hot Neptune GJ 436 b" paper.
Types of planet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot%20Neptune
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Bhimsthan is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4,481 people living in 785 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhimsthan
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Cliff Pennington may refer to:
Cliff Pennington (ice hockey) (1940–2020), Canadian ice hockey forward
Cliff Pennington (baseball) (born 1984), Major League Baseball infielder
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Pennington
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The ruins of St. Edmund's Chapel are located in a field to the east of the village of Lyng in the English county of Norfolk. It was one of two religious buildings in Lyng, the other being St. Margaret's Church.
The chapel was part of a Benedictine nunnery, purportedly founded to commemorate a battle with the Danes during their 9th century campaign which would end with the death of Edmund the Martyr. The nunnery was transferred to Thetford in 1176. The chapel was not abandoned until at least 1250, and a fair was held on the site by the Prioress of St. George's Priory, Thetford in 1287. The nuns retained a messuage and of land at Lyng, paying for a chaplain to service the chapel from the profits. A lawsuit is recorded in 1438 between the prioress and the rector of Lyng, after which date the land was transferred to the village church.
There is a reference to the chapel in the Bodleian MS 240. This dates from the 1370s, when in the space of five years there were seven miracles connected with the chapel. These mostly involved incidents in the surrounding villages, such as Bylaugh, Scarning and Sparham, but one involved a man from Kent whose wife was cured of paralysis.
The chapel was in ruins by 1730. The brickwork in the remaining ruins is probably fifteenth century in date, and it is possible that the site remained in use until the Reformation, possibly as a chapel of ease for the hamlet of Lyng Eastaugh to the east. The ruins of the chapel which remain are described as "fragmentary" although Nikolaus Pevsner recorded a surviving arch during the 1950s, possibly the north doorway. Only part of the arch remains, and the ruins are largely obscured by vegetation. Objects ranging from Roman to post-medieval in date have been found on the site. During the 19th century human skeletons were found between the chapel and the road to the south.
References in folklore
A newspaper article from 1939 records a tradition concerning the chapel. It was said that it was founded for the nuns to pray for the souls of those killed in a battle between the Danes and King Edmund's Anglo-Saxons which may have occurred near to the site of the chapel. The Grove, an area of woodland, which appears on maps from the 18th century as King's Grove, lies to the south of the chapel. An "ancient" hollow way runs through the wood connecting the hamlet of Collen's Green to the road. A boulder known as the Great Stone of Lyng – a glacial erratic of conglomerate stone, left in the moraine of a retreating glacier - lies alongside the track. The stone is about 2 metres long by 1 metre wide and has been associated in folklore with "druids, devils, sounds, the stone moving or growing, burials and treasure" as well as the stone bleeding "if pricked with a pin".
When the nuns left Lyng in the twelfth century they retained the income derived from holding the annual fair on 20 November (St Edmund's day). This fair long outlived the nunnery; it survived into the last quarter of the nineteenth century and is mentioned in Parson Woodforde's diary. There was also a guild of St Edmund in the village.
Sources
Brooks, Pamela, n.d.: Norfolk Ghosts and Legends
Ruins in Norfolk
Churches in Norfolk
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Edmund%27s%20Chapel%2C%20Lyng
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Bhuwaneshwar Gwaltar was a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 1,694 people living in 268 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhuwaneshwar%20Gwaltar
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Hugh Van Lynden Otter-Barry (7 March 1887 – 9 May 1971), was the son of Isabel Louisa née Wolryche-Whitmore (1847–1905) and Robert Melvil Barry Otter, later Otter-Barry (1845–1917), and great-grandson of William Otter, Bishop of Chichester. He was Bishop of Mauritius from 1931 to 1959.
He was educated at Marlborough and Trinity College, Cambridge. Ordained in 1910 he was initially a Curate at St Luke's Church, Chelsea and then a missionary priest in Queensland. From 1919 until 1926 he was Vicar of Brill and then began a long period of service to Mauritius — firstly as its Archdeacon; and then from 1931 as its diocesan bishop. He was consecrated a bishop on St Barnabas' Day 1931 (11 June), by Cosmo Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, at St Paul's Cathedral. He returned to England in 1959 where he continued to serve the Church as an Assistant Bishop within the Diocese of Peterborough until his death.
A primary school in Mauritius, in the town of Curepipe, close to Farquhar Street, is named after Otter-Barry.
References
1887 births
People educated at Marlborough College
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Archdeacons of Mauritius
20th-century Anglican bishops in Africa
Anglican bishops of Mauritius
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1971 deaths
Anglican missionaries in Australia
English Anglican missionaries
British Mauritius people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Otter-Barry
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Sindhuli
Golanjor ga.pa. Sabik 2
Bitijor Bagaincha is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,430 people living in 425 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitijor%20Bagaincha
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The German Association of Judges (, DRB) is the largest professional organization of judges and public prosecutors in Germany. It was founded in 1909. It is a member organization of the International Association of Judges.
Every other year, the DRB honors a judge, public prosecutor or other lawyer with a Human Rights Award for outstanding merits on the defence of human rights. Recent laureates were Syrian lawyer Anwar al-Bunni, Iranian attorney Nasser Zarafshan in 2007 and the Chinese lawyer Zheng Enchong in 2005.
External links
Official website
Professional associations based in Germany
Legal organisations based in Germany
Law-related professional associations
1909 establishments in Germany
Organizations established in 1909
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Association%20of%20Judges
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Charles Harding Divine (January 20, 1889 – May 8, 1950) was an American poet and playwright. He was a soldier in the First World War, and his first book of poems in 1918 was praised by reviewers, one of whom said he was one of the most important American poets of the day.
Life
Divine was born in Binghamton, New York (January 20, 1889) and graduated from Cornell University in 1911, where he worked for The Cornell Daily Sun and was a member of the Quill and Dagger society. He worked as a reporter for the New York Sun until 1916, when he became a full-time writer. In 1917 he enlisted (having been rejected at first for being underweight) and fought in France in the 27th Division. Following the war he published books of poems and plays up to 1936, when he took up farming. Subsequently, he was a Senior Instructor in English in Triple Cities College, Endicott, until 1948. He adapted two of his short plays for comedy films. His novel Cognac Hill was about love on the Western Front. In addition to his books he published more than 100 short stories. Some of his poems were reprinted in magazines during the Second World War and a line from one of them, At the Lavender Lantern (referring to a café in Greenwich Village), inspired the name of a book Onions in the Stew. He died May 8, 1950, in Bay Pines, Florida.
Publications
Poetry
City Ways and Company Streets (1918) Moffat, Yard & Co.
Gypsy Gold (1923) T. Seltzer
The Road to Town: A Book of Poems (1925) T. Seltzer
Plays
Post Mortems: A Comedy of the Bridge Table (1926) D. Appleton & Co.
Pirtle Drums it in (1926) D. Appleton & Co.
Love in an Attic: A Play in One Act (1928) S. French Ltd
Mr. Utley's Etiquette: A Comedy in One Act (1928) S. French Ltd
Strangers at Home: A Play in Three Acts (1935) S. French Ltd
Appetite for Adventure: A Comedy in One Act (1936) S. French Ltd
Novel
Cognac Hill (1927) Payson & Clarke Ltd
Films
Post Mortems (1929)
References
1889 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American poets
American male dramatists and playwrights
American male poets
Cornell University alumni
20th-century American male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Divine
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Dandiguranse is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,608 living in 450 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dandiguranse
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Ten Zan: The Ultimate Mission (also known as Missione Finale) is a 1988 science fiction action film written and directed by Ferdinando Baldi under the pseudonym "Ted Kaplan". The film stars Frank Zagarino, Mark Gregory, Romano Kristoff, and Sabrina Siani. It was Baldi's final film before his death in 2007.
The film, an international co-production between Italy and North Korea, was filmed on-location in the latter country. To date, it is one of the few Western-produced non-documentary features to be shot in the country, and one of the only films made there to feature American actors. The film portrays North Korea as a futuristic utopia, a decision which Baldi later explained as "a conscious avoidance of reality" foisted upon the production by the local regime.
Ten Zan was one of eight North Korean films to be shown at the Udine Festival of Far East Film in 2000. In a report of these screenings for Asiaweek, Richard James Havis regarded the film as "truly lamentable", saying: "The acting is worse than that of the propaganda movies, as is the plot."
Plot
A group of known troublemakers are working on experiments in the Far East. They have discovered a substance that penetrates human cells, and makes changes to chromosomes and genes. These experiments are carried out on young girls who are abducted from the local villages. They are brought to the "Center", which is heavily guarded by mercenaries. The leader of the scientists is an avid biologist, Professor Larson, who dreams of breeding a master race to rule the world. The scientific organizations in Asia and Europe are aware of these experiments and decide to do something about them. A group of ex-commando fighters are used, who have never failed so far. But it remains to be seen if this mission is to succeed.
Cast and characters
Lou Mamet (Frank Zagarino): a mercenary-for-hire, from Mattituck, Long Island, he is contracted through FSR (Final Solution Research); an organization that contacts commandos to deals with problem too delicate to be handled through official government channels.
Jason (Mark Gregory): the military leader of the mercenaries responsible for the attacks and kidnappings.
Ricky (Romano Kristoff): a middle-man for FSR, he is hired by Professor Larson to commission the FSR to end the illegal trafficking of woman, which in turn hires Lou Mamet. Credited as Rom Kristoff.
Mavi (Kim Follet): the younger sister of Ricky, and love interest for Mamet.
Glenda (Sabrina Siani): assistant and lover of Jason. Credited as Sabrina Syan.
Professor Larson (Charles Borromel): Lithuanian professor of the University of Vilna, who works to breed a master race.
Production
Ten Zan was produced as an attempt to revitalize the North Korean film industry, which was then struggling to find markets even in other communist countries. It was decided to produce an action film which could look Western enough to circumvent the embargo on North Korean products and turn out a profit on international markets. The North Koreans went to the Cannes Film Market where they approached Italian director Ferdinando Baldi, who was promoting his latest film, Warbus, and proposed him the project. Baldi was surprised at the idea of shooting a film in North Korea but was curious enough about the experience to accept. He initially wrote a script about the Pacific War, hence the title, Ten Zan, which is a reference to the last Japanese stronghold on Iwo Jima, which was called Devil's Peak by the American soldiers trying to capture the island during the Battle of Iwo Jima. However, the script was completely rewritten by the North Koreans.
The film was co-produced by North Korea and by an Italian company called Amerinda. Filming took place in North Korea and lasted eight weeks. North Korean authorities frequently interfered with filming, forbidding Baldi to use certain locations. The North Koreans were initially very reluctant to have an American, Frank Zagarino, play the lead role.
The film includes a major plot hole in that the character of Professor Larson, who hires the two protagonists at the beginning, turns out at the end to be the head of the antagonists' organization, meaning that he sent the heroes to destroy his own operation. Baldi later conceded in an interview that this did not make sense, but blamed the inconsistency on "a problem of production" as he was not allowed to see the rushes during filming. Baldi speculated that the script had been somehow changed during production without him being informed.
Zagarino liked to take photos, which caused an incident during filming as the North Koreans suspected him of being a spy. Baldi later said that Zagarino had then been arrested and jailed for two days. However, Zagarino himself downplayed the incident in an interview and said that the North Koreans merely confiscated his camera. Zagarino called the film "a huge disaster", as filming in North Korea had been particularly difficult and the North Koreans "never gave us what they promised".
Release
After organizing a screening in Italy for the North Koreans, Baldi had no further contact with them. Due to a falling out between the Italian co-producers and the North Koreans, the film was never released in Italy. It was only released internationally on home video.
Notes
References
External links
1988 films
1980s science fiction action films
1980s English-language films
English-language North Korean films
English-language Italian films
Italian science fiction action films
North Korean science fiction films
Films directed by Ferdinando Baldi
Films shot in North Korea
Films about genetic engineering
1980s Italian films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten%20Zan%3A%20The%20Ultimate%20Mission
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Georgios Apostolidis (alternate spelling: Giorgos) (Greek: Γιώργος Αποστολίδης; born June 22, 1984) is a Greek professional basketball player. He is 2.00 m (6 ft 6 in) tall. He can play at the point guard, shooting guard, point forward, and small forward positions.
Professional career
Apostolidis has played with clubs such as: PAOK, Iraklis, Olympia Larissa, Panellinios, AEL 1964 GS, Trikala 2000, Ilysiakos, and Panathinaikos in his professional career. Apostolidis signed with Olympiacos Piraeus, in July 2007, and he was loaned to Panellinios In October 2014, he signed a contract with Doxa Lefkadas. He appeared in 23 games for the team, averaging 11.9 points, 4.3 rebounds, 3.3 assists, and 1.5 steals per game, in 30.4 minutes per game.
In September 2015, Apostolidis signed with Iraklis Thessaloniki of the Greek 2nd Division.
National team career
Apostolidis was a member of the Greek junior national teams. He won the bronze medal at the 2002 FIBA Europe Under-18 Championship, the bronze medal at the 2003 FIBA Under-19 World Championship, and the silver medal at the 2005 FIBA Under-21 World Championship. He also played at the 2004 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.
Awards and honors
Club career
Greek League Champion: (2014)
Greek Cup Winner: (2014)
References
External links
Euroleague.net Profile
FIBA Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Greek Basket League Profile
1984 births
Living people
A.E.L. 1964 B.C. players
Apollon Patras B.C. players
Doxa Lefkadas B.C. players
Greek men's basketball players
Holargos B.C. players
Ilysiakos B.C. players
Iraklis Thessaloniki B.C. players
Olympia Larissa B.C. players
Panellinios B.C. players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Point guards
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Basketball players from Thessaloniki
Trikala B.C. players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgios%20Apostolidis
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Low hydrogen annealing, commonly known as "baking" is a heat treatment in metallurgy for the reduction or elimination of hydrogen in a material to prevent hydrogen embrittlement. Hydrogen embrittlement is the hydrogen-induced cracking of metals, particularly steel which results in degraded mechanical properties such as plasticity, ductility and fracture toughness at low temperature. Low hydrogen annealing is called a de-embrittlement process. Low hydrogen annealing is an effective method compared to alternatives such as electroplating the material with zinc to provide a barrier for hydrogen ingress which results in coating defects.
The underlying mechanism for hydrogen embrittlement is different for the surface compared to hydrogen penetrated into the bulk of the solid. Studies have shown that annealing at 200 °C weakens hydrogen embrittlement caused by internal hydrogen but has little effect on surface-absorbed hydrogen. At 200 °C, hydrogen atoms can diffuse out of iron and partial stainless steel and is the minimum temperature needed for the process. The exact mechanism or its effects are not fully understood because it is also hypothesized that 200 °C allows for vacancy elimination in the solid which can affect its mechanical properties too.
Process description
The material is kept in a hydrogen annealing oven over several hours at temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C. The enclosed hydrogen atoms, known for hydrogen embrittlement are removed by effusion. The method is predominantly used immediately after welding, coating process or galvanizing of the parts.
Effect on mechanical properties
Zhou et al. show the comparison of stress-strain curves of the unannealed X80 pipeline steel and specimens that were annealed at 200 °C for 12 hr. The stress-strain curve changes significantly. The yield phenomena appeared in the stress-strain curve after annealing. This can be explained as the following. At 200 °C, carbon atoms have sufficient energy to diffuse into the interstitial sites of dislocations forming Cottrell atmosphere. This pins dislocations in place and reduces the density of movable dislocations. In unannealed samples, the large density of movable dislocations ae activated and yield does not occur because no drastic change in dislocation density takes place. The yield strength increased by approximately 10% and the elongation decreased by approximately 20%. Finally, based on the testing environments, it can be concluded that annealing at 200 °C decreases internal hydrogen embrittlement but is ineffective for hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility caused by surface absorbed hydrogen.
Effect on lattice
The type of lattice defects are related to the activation energy for release of the trapped hydrogen. Hydrogen atoms can escape from defects and move into lattice interstitials. Diffusion between such types of sites can reach a dynamic equilibrium.
See also
Annealing (metallurgy)
Tempering
References
Hydrogen technologies
Metal heat treatments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low%20hydrogen%20annealing
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The San Francisco Police Department Park Station bombing occurred on February 16, 1970, when a pipe bomb filled with shrapnel detonated on the ledge of a window at the San Francisco Police Department's Upper Haight Park substation. Brian V. McDonnell, a police sergeant, was fatally wounded in its blast. Robert Fogarty, another police officer, was severely wounded in his face and legs and was partially blinded. In addition, eight other police officers were wounded.
According to the San Francisco Chronicle, "Investigators in the early '70s said the bombing likely was the work of the Weather Underground, and not the Black Liberation Army, which was implicated in the Ingleside attack."
Aftermath
An investigation was reopened in 1999. A San Francisco grand jury looked into the incident, but the results were not immediately made public. Secret federal grand juries were convened in 2001 and again in 2009 to re-open the Park Precinct cold case in an attempt to again tie WUO members to the deadly bombing. Ultimately, it was concluded that members of the Black Liberation Army, whom WUO members affiliated with while underground, were responsible for not only this action but also the bombing of another police precinct in San Francisco as well as bombing the Catholic Church funeral services of the police officer killed in the Park Precinct bombing in the early summer of 1970.
The case was unsolved as of 2007.
See also
Crime in San Francisco
List of unsolved murders
Terrorism in the United States
References
1970 in San Francisco
1970 murders in the United States
Attacks on police stations in the 1970s
Crimes against police officers in the United States
Crimes in San Francisco
Explosions in 1970
February 1970 events in the United States
Building bombings in the United States
San Francisco Police Department
Unsolved murders in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Francisco%20Police%20Department%20Park%20Station%20bombing
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Established in 1997, the Real Estate Council of Ontario is a not-for-profit corporation that regulates the trade of real estate in Ontario in the public interest. On behalf of the Government of Ontario, it administers and enforces the Real Estate and Business Brokers Act, 2002 and its regulations.
In Ontario, any individual or business trading in real estate must be registered with the council. As of July 31, 2017, there were more than 80,000 real estate registrants (salespersons, brokers and brokerages) in the province.
Governance
It is governed by a 12-member Board of Directors composed of nine registered real estate professionals elected by their peers and three non-registrants appointed by the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services (Ontario) to represent consumers, business and government. Board members serve a three-year term. The Chair is Glenda Brindle. The Vice-Chair is Rebecca Ryder.
The duties of enforcing the Act are the responsibility of the Registrar, Joseph Richer.
Complaints
Anyone with concerns about the service provided by a real estate professional can submit a complaint on complaint forms which are available on the council's website. Once a complaint is received an investigation may be made. The Registrar will determine an appropriate response. It does not have authority to resolve financial or contractual disputes or provide any form of compensation to a complainant. The “Registrant Search” feature on RECO’s website allows consumers to confirm whether they are dealing with someone who is legally registered to trade in real estate in Ontario and whether that person has been the subject of any discipline activity.
Resource
Registrar Joseph Richer answers common questions from home buyers and sellers in a weekly “Ask Joe” column appearing in the Saturday edition of the Toronto Star.
References
External links
RECO web site
Ontario government departments and agencies
Real estate industry trade groups based in Canada
1997 establishments in Ontario
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20Estate%20Council%20of%20Ontario
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Dudbhanjyang is a village development committee in Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 2,608 people living in 450 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudbhanjyang
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Johannes de Stokem (or Johannes Stokem, last name also Prato, Pratis, Stockem, Stokhem, Stoken, Stoccken, Stoecken, Sthoken; 1445 – 1487 or 1501), was a Flemish composer of the Renaissance. He is considered to be part of the post-Dufay generation in France. He was a friend of Johannes Tinctoris, another composer of the period.
Life
Stokem was born in 1445, probably in Stokkem near Liège. For parts of his life, he served under Beatrice of Aragon, the Queen of Hungary, and as part of the Papal Choir in Rome. He died in either 1487 or 1501.
Music and influence
His piece, Brunette, was published in the Odhecaton and is an early example of a genre of music commonly known as "little brown-eyed girl." It is one of the few five-voice works found in the Odhecaton.
Works
Brunette, from the Odhecaton
Harraytre Amours, recently arraigned into a string trio.
Le suis d'Alemagne (4 voices)
Ave Maria Maris Stella (2 voices)
References
1440s births
Year of death uncertain
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Flemish composers
Renaissance composers
Musicians from Liège
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes%20de%20Stokem
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Richard Boyce Norland (born 1955) is an American diplomat. He has served as the United States Ambassador to Libya.
Career
Ambassador Richard Norland previously served as the Foreign Policy Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Joseph Dunford. Prior to that he served as U.S. Ambassador to Georgia (2012-2015), Deputy Commandant/International Affairs Advisor at the National War College (2010-2012), U.S. Ambassador to Uzbekistan (2007-2010), and Deputy Chief of Mission at the American Embassy in Kabul, Afghanistan (2005-2007) and Riga, Latvia (2003-2005).
From October 2002 through January 2003, Richard Norland served in Mazar-e-Sharif, Afghanistan as a diplomat with the U.S. Army Civil Affairs team promoting political and economic reconstruction.
Richard Norland was Director for European Affairs at the National Security Council for two years during the Clinton and Bush administrations, focusing in particular on the Northern Ireland peace process, as well as on the Baltic States, OSCE, and a number of key European partners. He served as Political Counselor at the American Embassy in Dublin, Ireland from 1995 through the negotiation of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.
Richard Norland served from 1988 to 1990 as Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, USSR during President Gorbachev's tenure and the period of glasnost and perestroika. He was subsequently detailed to the Pentagon's Office of the Secretary of Defense, where he worked on policy issues following the break-up of the Soviet Union. He served in 1993 as the U.S. representative and acting mission head on the CSCE Mission to Georgia, addressing conflicts in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, and later visited Chechnya in a similar capacity.
Earlier in his career, Richard Norland served in the United States' northernmost diplomatic office, 250 miles north of the Arctic Circle, as Chief of the U.S. Information Office in Tromsø, Norway. He later served as Senior Arctic Official coordinating the U.S. chairmanship of the Arctic Council. He was also a Special Assistant (for African affairs) to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs. He served as Norway-Denmark desk officer, and as assistant desk officer for South Africa. His first tour was in Manama, Bahrain.
United States Ambassador to Libya
On April 2, 2019, President Donald Trump nominated Richard Norland to be the United States Ambassador to Libya. On August 1, 2019, the Senate confirmed his nomination by voice vote. He assumed office on August 8, 2019.
Personal life
The son of an American diplomat, Ambassador Norland was born in Morocco and grew up in Africa and Europe as well as the United States. Prior to joining the Foreign Service in 1980, Ambassador Norland worked as a legislative analyst in the Iowa House of Representatives. He graduated from Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service in 1977. He has master's degrees from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies and the National War College. He speaks Russian, French and Norwegian. He and his wife, Mary Hartnett, have two children.
See also
United States Ambassador to Georgia
Georgia–United States relations
References
External links
https://www.jcs.mil/Leadership/Article-View/Article/1019954/ambassador-richard-b-norland/
https://isd.georgetown.edu/norland
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1955 births
Living people
Ambassadors of the United States to Georgia (country)
Ambassadors of the United States to Libya
Ambassadors of the United States to Uzbekistan
American expatriates in Norway
Walsh School of Foreign Service alumni
National War College alumni
Naval War College alumni
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni
United States Foreign Service personnel
21st-century American diplomats
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20B.%20Norland
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Tekija can refer to:
Khanqah or tekke, a type of Islamic religious building
Tekija, Ilinden, a village in North Macedonia
Tekija (Kladovo), a village in Serbia on the Danube
Tekija (Kruševac), a village in Serbia near Kruševac
Tekija (Paraćin), a village in Serbia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekija
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The International Unicycling Federation (IUF) is the international governing body for the sport of unicycling. It was founded in 1982 in the United States but is composed of representatives of unicycling nations from around the world. Funding comes from participants at organised events, primarily the biennial Unicon world unicycling championships.
History
The IUF was registered in Nassau County, New York, United States, on 12 March 1985, as a ‘Domestic Not-for-Profit’ corporation. Its principal office is in New York State, and the corporation’s Department of State ID Number is 980300. It operates under the New York State Not-For-Profit Corporation Law. The IUF is registered with the IRS as a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization.
Purposes
The purposes of the IUF include:
'To foster awareness of and participation in unicycling as a sport and means of recreation among people of all nations through the organization of international conventions and the development of national unicycling organizations'. The IUF selects the location for the biannual unicycling world championships ('Unicon') and works with a European Subcommittee to select the location of the biannual European Championships.
‘to promote voluntary international standards for competition toward the achievement of Olympic status for the sport of unicycling’. The IUF develops the IUF Rulebook, which is the governing document for Unicon and other competitions. The By-Laws do not specify which unicycle discipline (freestyle, basketball, hockey, track, high jump, long jump, street, flat, trials, cross country, muni, etc) should be in the Olympics, or whether the IUF’s objective is that all disciplines should be in the Olympics.
‘disseminate knowledge and information on all phases of the sport to all interested parties via a newsletter’. The IUF maintains a website and Facebook page to inform members and interested parties about the sport of unicycling.
References
External links
Unicycling
Cycling organizations in the United States
Organizations established in 1982
1982 establishments in the United States
501(c)(3) organizations
Unicycle hockey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Unicycling%20Federation
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Zhepë is a village and a former municipality in Berat County, central Albania. At the 2015 local government reform it became a subdivision of the municipality Skrapar. The population at the 2011 census was 779.
References
Former municipalities in Berat County
Administrative units of Skrapar
Villages in Berat County
Populated places disestablished in 2015
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhep%C3%AB
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Minembwe is a group of several villages located in the highlands of the Lulenge, within the Fizi Territory of South Kivu Province in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It is situated at an altitude of about 2,500 meters above sea level, in a hilly and mountainous region covered with forests, which provides fertile land for agriculture. It is approximately 150 kilometers south of Bukavu, the capital city of South Kivu. The region is also home to various streams and rivers that flow into Lake Tanganyika, the second-deepest lake in the world.
Minembwe was predominantly inhabited by the Bembe and Buyu people, but the region boasts a rich ethnocultural diversity within the region, and it is also a point of confluence for many ethnic groups, including Bafuliiru, Banyindu, Bamushi, Baholoholo, Babwari, Bavira, Balega, Bahunde, Banyanga, Bashu, Baamba, Baswaga, and Banyamulenge. Although the Bembe people are considered the indigenous group in the area and constitute the majority, other ethnicities have a significant presence. Kibembe is the most commonly spoken language in Minembwe, followed by Swahili, which is prevalent in most of the sector centers. However, other minority populations speak their own vernacular languages.
History
The area was conventionally inhabited by the Bembe and Buyu people. It served as a center for trade, commerce, and cultural exchange, with people from various ethnic groups converging in the region. Under Belgian colonial administration, the Bembe and Buyu communities were amalgamated within the Fizi Territory, which was subsequently divided into five regions: Itombwe, Lulenge, Mutambala, Ngandja, and Tangani'a. Nevertheless, following the end of colonization, the Itombwe sector was annexed closer to the Mwenga Territory to establish a more proximate administration for the local population.
During the 1920s, many sections of these regions were deemed sparsely populated, prompting the Belgian colonial authorities to recruit labor from external areas to aid their development. This led to the transportation of Banyarwanda to the highlands of Kivu from the late 1930s to the 1950s. The emigration of Banyarwanda had significant social and cultural repercussions in the area, notably in Minembwe. The migrants, predominantly of Tutsi ethnicity, brought with them their language, customs, and traditions, which gradually became integrated into the local culture. However, the integration process was not consistently concordant. Ethnic tensions flared up between the Banyarwanda and other ethnic communities in the vicinity, notably the Babembe, fueled by land disputes, competition for resources, and political power struggles.
In the late 1950s, there was a significant influx of Banyarwanda immigrants into the Fizi Territory, particularly in the Lulenge sector. This migration was fueled by political instability in Rwanda and the search for better economic opportunities in neighboring areas. Incidentally, during the Rwandan Revolution of 1959–1961, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) settled Rwandan refugees in the sites of Lemera, Mulenge, and Katobo. Many of these refugees ended up dispersing throughout the Lulenge sector and settling in some of the most remote and inaccessible areas of the South and North Kivu regions.
The Banyarwanda who established themselves in the Lulenge sector between the late 1950s and 1980s, alongside their counterparts who migrated to the eastern part of the Congo Free State in the nineteenth century, now commonly known as "Banyamulenge," harbored a collective ambition to forge their own self-governing territory like other ethnic groups. However, they were obligated to fulfill specific criteria set by the Belgian colonial administration and subsequently upheld by the Congolese state after gaining independence, in order to be officially recognized as a distinct tribal or ethnic group. These prerequisites encompassed possessing a native language that bestowed its name upon the tribe, a chieftainship to represent the tribe in relation to neighboring groups and the state, and a well-defined territory with acknowledged borders recognized by the neighboring tribes. Despite Kinyarwanda being the Banyarwanda's mother tongue, they lacked both a chieftainship and a clearly demarcated territory. They were disqualified from being a Congolese tribe or acquiring land based on the three determining criteria. The designation "Banyamulenge" was not documented in colonial records. Throughout history, the Banyamulenge were predominantly recognized as "Banyarwanda," signifying their status as migrants with origins in Rwanda. It was not until the Republic of the Congo gained independence in 1960 that the Belgian colonists ceased classifying them exclusively as immigrants from Rwanda.
In 1972, Barthélémy Bisengimana Rwema, a Tutsi cabinet director of Mobutu Sese Seko during his second republic, initiated a presidential "Ordinance № 69-096." This ordinance collectively granted Zairian (Congolese) nationality to all Banyarwanda. However, the law placed both the Banyarwanda populations who had long settled in the eastern region of the Republic of Zaire, hence entitled to Congolese citizenship by virtue, and those coming from more recent migratory flows in the same predicament, generating bewilderment among the affected communities. The widespread acquisition of Congolese nationality, coupled with the perverse ramifications of the land legislation enacted under the framework of "Zairianisation," prompted businessmen, politicians, and influential Tutsi individuals to seize opportunities and acquire land, particularly former colonial plantations that had been redistributed by the state. These land acquisitions effectively legalized the land settlements of the Tutsi peasantry in the Kivu region, endowing them with a recognized status. The impossibility of applying the "1972 Ordinance", not respecting the basic criteria, aggravated the tension and engendered conflicts in the region due to resistance from other Congolese tribes who considered themselves expropriated for the second time (the first time by the Belgian colonists) from part of their territory by Tutsis who remained from elsewhere in the collective unconscious. These ethnic tensions threatened the national integrity and led the Congolese political authorities to repeal and annul the "1972 Ordinance" by passing Law no. 81/002 of June 29, 1981, and, thus, to correct the mistake that was made to the law regarding the recognition of ethnic communities. In the same year, Banyarwanda changed their eponym from "Banyarwanda" to "Banyamulenge" to be distinguished from those coming directly from Rwanda. However, the identity crisis between Banyamulenge and other Congolese tribes was conspicuous at the time as civil status offices continued to be torched to destroy the administrative documents necessary for any granting of nationality or land for Banyamulenge.
Between 1991 and 1993, these ethnic tensions resurfaced violently, particularly on the background of the problem of representation of Kivu at the National Sovereign Conference (Conférence Nationale Souveraine) organized in Kinshasa to establish a democratic regime in Zaire. They will lead to the formation of youth militias initiating attacks and murders in Kivu. The tensions will require the intervention of the Special Presidential Division (Division Présidentielle Spéciale), an elite military corps of Mobutu's regime, to restore some semblance of order.
In 1998, at the onset of the Second Congo War, a profound sense of solidarity reverberated between the Banyamulenge community and Rwandan refugees, scattered throughout the vast expanse of the Kivu region. These two groups found themselves united by a shared enemy: Juvénal Habyarimana in Rwanda and, to some extent, Mobutu in Zaire. Their common struggle centered around discriminatory nationality and land laws. Initially, the Banyamulenge fighters aligned themselves with the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF), and later forged alliances with the Alliance of Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL) and the Rally for Congolese Democracy (Rassemblement Congolais pour la Démocratie). Following Mobutu's ousting from power, the Rally for Congolese Democracy, a rebel faction backed by the Rwandan government and led by Azarias Ruberwa at the time, established Minembwe as an independent region in 1999, alongside Bunyakiri in Kalehe Territory.
Tensions
The recognition of these two territorial entities became a source of ethnic tension between the various components of the Transitional Government at the beginning of 2006. The Banyamulenge, having supported the AFDL and RCD forces during the Second Congo War, were accused of launching attacks on refugee camps and densely populated villages, perpetrating civilian executions, and carrying out acts of terrorism against Zairian civilians in different regions of South and North Kivu, including Bwegera, Luberizi, Luvungi, Katala, Rubenga, Lubarika, Kakumbukumbu, Mutarule, Kagunga, Kiliba, Ndunda, Biriba, Sange, Rwenena, Kahororo, Kamanyola, Lemera, Kidote, Makobola, Kasika, Kilungutwe, Kilungutwe River and Katogota. Consequently, many Congolese perceived the Banyamulenge as invaders encroaching upon their habitats. Conversely, those on the Banyamulenge side argue that they were not given adequate space within the Fizi Territory and are therefore fighting for self-defense. This conflict has led to a displacement of approximately 140,000 individuals who were forced to leave their homes due to fighting between armed groups in Minembwe in May 2019, according to humanitarian organizations.
Declaration of Minembwe as a commune
In September 2020, Minembwe was declared a rural commune in the Lulenge sector in the Fizi Territory, despite objections from other ethnic groups in the region who claimed that the proper legal and administrative procedures had not been followed. The installation of Minembwe as a rural commune, and the appointment of Gad Mukiza, a Tutsi, as its mayor on September 28, 2020, has generated a great deal of controversy and opposition from other Congolese tribes who assert their ownership of the land. The controversy surrounding Minembwe has been fueled by the history of conflict between Banyamulenge and other ethnic groups in the region. Many Congolese see the declaration of Minembwe as a rural commune as a way for Banyamulenge to gain greater control over the region and consolidate their power. Some critics argue that the move was made in response to pressure from neighboring countries, particularly Rwanda, which has long been accused of supporting the Banyamulenge.
On October 8, 2020, the process of creating Minembwe as a rural commune was canceled following a declaration by the President of the Republic, Félix Tshisekedi. His decision came after widespread protests and violence erupted in the region due to the declaration. The decision was made to ease tensions in the area and prevent further violence. However, Tshisekedi's government cited irregularities in how the declaration was made and concerns over the legality of the move. There were also allegations that the declaration was made to benefit a particular ethnic group, the Banyamulenge, who are seen as outsiders by other ethnic groups in the area. Nevertheless, the cancelation was welcomed by many groups, including opposition parties and civil society organizations.
Félix Tshisekedi stated:"For me, the salvation of the people is the supreme law. I cannot leave my people in danger. I have decided to cancel what has been done so far for Minembwe".The cancellation of the commune was met with mixed reactions from the Banyamulenge community, who saw it as a violation of their rights and a reversal of the gains they had made in their struggle for recognition and self-determination. Some Banyamulenge leaders and activists accused the government of caving in to pressure from other ethnic groups and abandoning its promises to protect their interests and promote their development.
The situation in Minembwe has remained tense, with reports of violence and displacement continuing to emerge. In October 2020, the United Nations reported that at least 15 people had been killed and dozens more injured in clashes between Banyamulenge and other groups in the area. The UN also estimated that over 50,000 people had been displaced by the violence. The situation in Minembwe remains a contentious issue in the DRC.
Overview
On July 20, 2021, Twiganeho militiamen and its allies attacked the Musika village, located in the southern Basimunyaka Groupement, Lulenge sector. According to several testimonies, fifteen homes of civilians were scorched, forcing civilian members of the local community to move to Runundu and Ilundu villages. Other members of the local communities were also affected and moved toward the villages of Lumanya and Kwamulima. Two elderly men were burned in the house, the children were separated from their parents and a hundred cows were abducted, according to witnesses in the area.
In May 2022, clashes between Ngumino and Mai-Mai Biloze Bishambuke and their allies killed nearly five people in Irumba and Ngandura, villages situated 15 kilometers from Minembwe.
In July 2022, 4 civilians were killed in Minembwe by Twiganeho, an insurgent group led by an army deserter Colonel Michel Rukunda, after refusing to join the forced recruitment.
In August 2022, dozens of civilians and police officers were taken hostage by Twiganeho in the highlands of Minembwe, South Kivu.
On January 4, 2023, the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) in charge of operations, General-Major Chico Tshitambwe, called on the population of Minembwe to dissociate themselves from armed groups. Chico Tshitambwe also invited the militias to lay down their arms and join the PDDRC-S program.
Development opportunities
Being an area built on hills and without subsurface wealth, Minembwe does not present strong development possibilities except for its location as a riparian region which gives it agriculture and fishing development. Lake Tanganyika, situated in the eastern part of the region, offers tremendous fishing potential for Minembwe. Despite strong agricultural and fisheries development, Minembwe has suffered from a lack of improvements in health, access to clean water, lack of roads, and basic civic services.
References
Populated places in South Kivu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minembwe
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Matt Williams (born in Weatherford, Texas) is a former walk-on place kicker for the Texas Tech Red Raiders football team. Williams was offered the position, two other players having failed to succeed for the team at that point, after winning a year's worth of free rent in a place-kicking contest at one of the Red Raiders games.
Early years
Williams attended Weatherford High School in Weatherford, Texas, where he played soccer and football. In football, he played both wide receiver and kicker. His signature moment as a kicker occurred when he kicked a 49-yard field goal through the uprights to defeat rival Mineral Wells High School in overtime. He graduated from Weatherford in 2006.
College career
Tarleton State
Williams walked on to the Tarleton State Texans football team, though was only on the team for a month and never played a game.
Texas Tech
After two years at Tarleton State, Williams transferred to Texas Tech. During halftime of Tech's September 20, 2008, football game against the University of Massachusetts, Williams entered a promotional contest in which he made a 30-yard field goal. He caught the attention of head coach Mike Leach, who liked the fundamentals he used on the kick. Leach wanted him on the team, and although it was initially thought he would not be immediately eligible, the NCAA granted a one-time exception based on the specific circumstances. He was allowed to play immediately as he had not been recruited by Tarleton State and also because he was never a scholarship player. However, the season he played on Tarleton State's squad counted toward his eligibility, making him a sophomore during his first year at Tech. He also had to reject the free rent he won in the contest in order to remain eligible.
Williams made his debut in a 63–21 win over Kansas where he was a perfect 9 for 9 on PATs. Following the game, Williams was recognized as the AT&T ESPN All-America Player of the Week.
The following week, in Texas Tech's 39–33 victory over Texas, Williams was also asked to kick field goals, making two and having one blocked.
In 2009, Williams made a career long 43-yard Field Goal against Baylor University in a 20-13 victory.
Williams finished his career 149-150 on extra points and 22-28 (78.6%) on field goals. He is currently tied for sixth on the Red Raiders kickers scoring list with 215 career points. He graduated in 2010.
Post-football career
Williams works as a teacher and football coach at a Mineral Wells High School - the one he notably defeated while he was in school.
References
External links
Texas Tech profile
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American football placekickers
Texas Tech Red Raiders football players
People from Weatherford, Texas
Players of American football from Texas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Williams%20%28American%20football%29
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William Henry Lang FRS FRSE FLS (12 May 1874–29 August 1960) was a British botanist and served as Barker professor of cryptogamic botany at the University of Manchester. He was also a specialist in paleobotany.
Life
The son of Thomas Bilsland Lang, a medical practitioner, and his wife Emily Smith, he was born in Groombridge in Sussex on 12 May 1874.
Lang was educated at Dennistoun Public School in Glasgow before being accepted into the University of Glasgow, where he graduated with a Bsc (Hons) in botany and zoology in 1894. He qualified for medicine in 1895 but never became a practising doctor; thanks to his own enthusiasm and the encouragement of his teacher Frederick Orpen Bower he instead became a professional botanist. His first research was on the structure of ferns, something Bower was apparently an authority on, and Lang soon followed him in that regard. He moved to study at the Jodrell Laboratory on a Robert Donaldson scholarship in 1895, where he focused on the apomixis of ferns, and discovered a sporangium on the prothallus of a fern at a time when biologists were exploring alternate means of reproduction in plants.
In 1899 he travelled to Sri Lanka and Malaya to study tropical cryptogams and collect samples, returning to Britain in 1902, when he became a lecturer at the University of Glasgow; while there he worked closely with D. T. Gwynne-Vaughan and Bower, with the three of them being known as the "triumvirate". After Gwynne-Vaughan's death in 1915 he studied preserved plant remnants in Aberdeen, making great insights into the nature of Psilophyton, which until then had been neglected. In 1900 he was awarded a Doctor of Science degree by the University of Glasgow, and when the Barker chair of cryptogamic botany was created at the University of Manchester Lang was the first choice. He took up his duties in 1909.
In 1911 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society and was awarded a Royal Medal in 1931 for 'his work on the anatomy and morphology of the fern-like fossils of the Old Red Sandstone.' In 1926 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Frederick Orpen Bower, Sir John Graham Kerr, Diarmid Noel Paton and George Alexander Gibson. He won the Society's Neill Prize for the period 1915-1917.
In 1932 he received an honorary doctorate (LLD) from the University of Glasgow, followed by a second honorary doctorate from Manchester University in 1942. He was also a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Lang was noted for his encouragement of women's education and influenced the botanists Irene Manton, Marjorie Lindsey, and Grace Wigglesworth.
After his retirement he moved to Westmorland. His wife died in 1959 following a period of ill-health, and he followed barely a year later at his home in Milnthorpe on 29 August 1960.
Family
He married his cousin, Elsa Valentine, in 1910. They had no children.
Publications
A Textbook of Botany (1912)
Makers of British Botany: William Griffith (1810-1845) (1913)
Palaeobotany (1926) co-written with Robert Kidston
Botanical References
References
External links
1874 births
1960 deaths
British botanists
Paleobotanists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Royal Medal winners
People from Groombridge
People from Withyham
People from Westmorland
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Academics of the University of Manchester
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Henry%20Lang
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, known in Japan as Theresia: Dear Emile, is a psychological horror visual novel adventure game developed by WorkJam and published by Aksys Games, released exclusively for the Nintendo DS. It is one of the few DS games to receive an ESRB rating of M for "Mature" and a CERO rating of C from "ages 15 and older". The game was released on September 11, 2008 in Japan and on October 30, 2008, in North America. Arc System Works acquired the rights to the series in 2017.
The game is a part of the mobile phone game series of the same name, and contains a remake of the original game, retitled Dear Martel.
Premise
Theresia is a psychological horror visual novel adventure game from a first-person perspective, consisting of two stories, each sharing a common background: an unnamed country, presumably under strict martial law by the time the game takes place, is engaged in a fierce and bloody war with an unspecified opposing nation. No further details are provided: the player is then thrust directly into the role of Leanne, the protagonist of the first half of the story. Upon completion of the main game, a shorter second chapter is unlocked, consisting of a remake of the series' original phone game. Featuring an unnamed protagonist, it provides a deeper insight into the overarching background narrative.
Throughout the course of the game, both characters have to explore their confinements, trying to escape and learn the details of their past, avoiding traps and coming face-to-face with personal demons and other psychological dilemmas along the way. The game makes use of the Nintendo DS touchscreen capabilities.
Gameplay
Gameplay is divided into two modes: a movement mode, where the player navigates the facility and searching for different rooms, and an observational mode, in which the player investigates certain areas and solves puzzles. During the latter mode, the player may activate traps that harm the player and reduce their life bar. Only careful observation or usage of a found 2x4 can reveal them to the character to prevent harm. The player can regain lost health via the use of found elixirs.
Plot
Dear Emile
Leanne, a teenage girl wakes up in a small, dim room with no memories. The only clue is the word Theresia scribbled upon a piece of paper. The first areas of the game instruct the player on the controls, set the atmosphere and introduce the survival aspect. The building is not only the sub-basement of a larger complex, but also riddled with hidden traps. Most doors are locked, barricaded, or blocked by environmental hazards. Leanne discovers she is in an underground prison facility, which stretches over several underground stories and includes waterworks, storage and torture rooms, and unknown crypts.
In the upper levels, more of the setting and Leanne's background are revealed: the country is losing the war, and the prison is part of a military installation which includes a testing laboratory, run by a woman named Maylee, who Leanne has seen in flashbacks. She also has flashbacks of a young man named Sacha and a silver-haired woman drenched in blood.
Evidence reveals that the testing was of an enemy's bioweapon, known to cause uncontrollable bleeding, high fever, madness, amnesia, and ultimately death as the body swells and turns purple. After the death of an infected, it becomes an airborne virus named Epicari. To stop Epicari from spreading, the bodies would be burned. Leanne heads toward the surface, until reaching the commander's office.
Along the way, journal entries and notes cause Leanne to have flashbacks and recover pieces of her memory. She remembers she was the sole survivor of a village destroyed in the war. Growing up at the church, she longed to talk to a young boy named Sacha, but her foster mother, Emile, made her promise never to talk to anyone but her. Sacha and Leanne exchanged letters in secret. When Emile discovered Sacha embracing Leanne, she ran at him with a knife, killing another church member who got in the way. Emile was restrained and taken to the underground part of the facility and was no longer allowed to visit Leanne.
Epicari had begun to surface, killing many people. Maylee and a group of scientists created a cure from Emile's blood, called "Theresia" after her last name. The virus continued to spread and the military moved everyone underground to their base. Sacha tried to convince Leanne to run away with him, as the two had fallen in love, but Leanne couldn't forget Emile. She asked Maylee to take her to see her mother. Emile chained Leanne and locked her in a prison cell but Leanne was happy to be with her mother again.
Eventually, the military ordered mass executions to finally stop the virus. Sacha came to release a reluctant Leanne, but was discovered by Emile. He pointed a gun at her, but she calmed him down by singing him a lullaby she often sang to an infant Leanne. She took his gun and killed him. She tried to escape with Leanne, assisted by Maylee, who had come to care for them. Emile murdered many of her own comrades to protect her daughter. Remembering this, Leanne realizes her mother really did love her.
Leanne eventually becomes infected with Epicari. Maylee gave her the vaccine, Theresia, made from her mother's blood, which gave her amnesia. Emile was the one who left her journal entries. She also set up the traps, attempting to keep Leanne safe from others, and to keep her from escaping. In the commander's office, Leanne finds her mother's body and mourns. She takes the final key needed for her escape, which her mother had seemingly been protecting. Casting aside her possessions, along with the pendant her mother had given her, Leanne escapes the facility.
Outside, she finds an abandoned infant which she resolves to take. After the credits, the camera zooms in on Leanne kneeling outside with the baby, Emile standing behind her. There is a strange noise, and the camera falls over.
Dear Martel
Martel was the name of his sister, who had a different father than him. After the death of their mother soon after she was born, he sent her to an orphanage ran by their grandfather. He was adopted and continued his studies. Years later, he returns to the orphanage to be a doctor and to do research. He is reunited with Martel, who has grown into a kind, beautiful young woman. The two seem to get along well. He also becomes friends with two other doctors there Franz and Maylee. The doctor becomes very happy with his new family.
The doctors unknowingly create the Epicari virus and infect the children. As the virus spreads, they request help from the government. Soldiers come, but only to forcibly take samples from the children. The orphanage is then quarantined. As more and more children die, the doctor, Franz, and Maylee struggle to find a cure. Martel buries the dead children without fear of being infected herself, and the fact that she doesn't eventually leads to the creation of the vaccine Theresia from her blood.
By this time, Franz was unknowingly infected with Epicari. He had suddenly started hiding his face, claiming he hated how he looked. One of the symptoms of the virus was the exacerbation of personal issues, but because they falsely believed the virus only affected children, they didn't realize this until it was too late. Eventually he went mad and attacked people with an axe. When his mask fell off, he killed himself by ramming his face into the axe embedded in the wall.
Though they finally managed to create the vaccine, the place was stormed by soldiers. The staff tried to tell them that they now had a cure, the soldiers were relentless and used flamethrowers to massacre all the children and many of the staff. The doctor managed to hide with Martel, but was separated from Maylee. She ultimately survived, going on to try and create more of the vaccine as shown in Dear Emile's story.
When everything was over, the doctor and Martel left their hiding places. A disheveled and slightly-bloody Martel stepped on and killed an insect without realizing it. The doctor, who was unknowingly suffering from Epicari himself, snaps from this sight and strangles her. He buries her amongst the red flowers she had grown outside the orphanage. Knowing he will soon forget, the doctor leaves the notes and journal entries to remind him what he has done. He also sets up the traps and writes the messages on the wall, as a way to punish himself for what he has done.
After getting the vaccine and remembering everything, the doctor desperately tries to dig up Martel's body but cannot find it. He is happened upon by Maylee, who talks with him.
Legacy
A sequel to the original game, entitled Theresia II: Dear Lizst, was released in Japan for mobile phones. It became inaccessible in 2012.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of one eight, two sevens, and one six, for a total of 28 out of 40.
See also
Nine Hours, Nine Persons, Nine Doors
References
External links
Official website
Official website
2008 video games
Adventure games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Psychological horror games
Video games developed in Japan
Visual novels
Video games featuring female protagonists
Single-player video games
Arc System Works games
WorkJam games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresia%20%28video%20game%29
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Dudhauli is a municipality of the Sindhuli District in the Janakpur Zone of south-eastern Nepal.
Organization
It was a village development committee but later changed to a Municipality. It merged Dudhauli VDC, Ladavir VDC, and Tandi VDC and later Sirthouli, Hatpate, Harsai, Nipane, Arunthakur, Kakurthakur and Jinakhu VDCs.
Dudhauli Bazar, Sankhatar, Dadatol, Khiriyani, Kartha, Bataha, Arunthakur, Kakurthakur, Hatpate, Nipane, Harsai, Dakaha, Sirthauli, Maini, Tandi etc. are the main villages of Dudhauli.
Infrastructure
Central police training center Kogati
Maini Mela
Major parts of Alternative Highway
Dudhauli Bazar
Ladavir school
Kamala multiple campus
Kamala H.S. School, Maini
Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census it had a population of 65,302 living in more than 4,000 households. It has in total 14 wards.
46.1% of the population spoke Nepali, 20.1% Danwar, 13.5% Tamang, 9.2% Magar, 4.9% Maithili, 2.6% Sunwar, 1.1% Newar, 1.0% Majhi, 0.8% Rai, 0.1% Gurung, 0.1% Thangmi, 0.1% Tharu and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 20.4% were Danuwar, 17.8% Chhetri, 14.2% Tamang, 10.5% Magar, 9.3% Hill Brahmin, 5.4% Sunuwar, 4.6% Kami, 2.8% Damai/Dholi, 2.8% Musahar, 2.4% Majhi, 2.3% Newar, 1.4% Sarki, 1.0% Rai, 0.9% Sudhi, 0.7% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.7% Thakuri, 0.4% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.3% Gurung, 0.3% Teli, 0.3% Thami, 0.2% Kalwar, 0.1% Terai Brahmin, 0.1% Dhanuk, 0.1% Dom, 0.1% Hajjam/Thakur, 0.1% Halwai, 0.1% Kayastha, 0.1% Musalman, 0.1% other Terai, 0.1% Tharu, 0.1% Yadav and 0.2% others.
In terms of religion, 76.1% were Hindu, 16.4% Buddhist, 5.9% Prakriti, 0.6% Christian, 0.2% Kirati, 0.1% Muslim and 0.8% others.
In terms of literacy, 58.3% could read and write, 3.3% could only read and 38.2% could neither read nor write.
Economy
It has substantial resources such as productive soil, calcium (a raw material for cement), water and forests. After the formation of the municipality, the development of physical infrastructure and social development activities is increasing.
Problems Here
- Higher level of illiteracy, it means Lack of proper and quality of education to people. No Good higher education, no technical education facilities, Highest level of school dropouts by the lower level families' children due to their family problems and illiteracy.
- No good Roads are here, access and connectivity to big cities are much poorer. Due to many rivers here much Bridges are needed.
- No Hospital with Health facilities, too poor status.
- Poor condition of farmers, Lack of irrigation to lands, No cashcrops production.
- Unemployment
- No factories, Businesses, and Entrepreneurship development .
- Low development of infrastructures.
- lower level of economic and social development of People inside here .
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Sindhuli District full Information
Populated places in Sindhuli District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudhauli
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Anne Anastasi (December 19, 1908 – May 4, 2001) was an American psychologist best known for her pioneering development of psychometrics. Her generative work, Psychological Testing, remains a classic text in which she drew attention to the individual being tested and therefore to the responsibilities of the testers. She called for them to go beyond test scores, to search the assessed individual's history to help them to better understand their own results and themselves.
Known as the test guru, Anastasi focused on what she believed to be the appropriate use of psychometric tests. As stated in an obituary, "She made major conceptual contributions to the understanding of the manner in which psychological development is influenced by environmental and experiential factors. Her writings have provided incisive commentary on test construction and the proper application of psychological tests." According to Anastasi, such tests only revealed what the test-taker knows at the time; they did not explain test scores. In addition, any psychometric measurement must take into account that aptitude is context-dependent. Anastasi stressed the importance of the role of the tester to correctly select, conduct, and evaluate tests.
She was president of the American Psychological Association (APA) in 1972, the third ever woman to be elected. In 1984, she was given the American Psychological Foundation's gold medal. In 1987, she was awarded the National Medal of Science.
Family and education
Anne Anastasi was born on December 19, 1908, in New York City to Anthony Anastasi and Theresa Gaudiosi Anastasi. Her father died when she was a baby, and his family did not remain in contact. She grew up with her mother, her mother's brother, and her grandmother. Theresa supported the family, eventually working for the Italian newspaper Il Progresso. Anne was homeschooled by her grandmother until sixth grade. After brief periods in public and preparatory schools, she entered Barnard College at age 15. Her interests in mathematics and psychology. She graduated from Barnard College with a bachelor's degree at age 20 in 1928, and completed a PhD at Columbia University in 1930.
Anastasi was hired by Harry Hollingworth to teach at Barnard, where she remained from 1930 to 1939. She worked at Queens College, City University of New York from 1939 to 1947, becoming chair of the department. She worked at Fordham University from 1947 to 1979, serving as chair from 1968 to 1974. She retired as a full professor in 1979, and became a professor emeritus.
In 1933, Anastasi married John Porter Foley, Jr. (1910-1994), an industrial psychologist. The following year, she was diagnosed with cervical cancer. She was treated with radium, which destroyed the cancer but caused her to become infertile. During the Great Depression of the 1930s, she and her husband could only find work in different cities, she in New York and he in Washington, DC
Anastasi died in New York on May 4, 2001.
Differential psychology
In 1937, Anastasi published the first edition of Differential Psychology, a nearly 900-page pioneering work on what she defined as "the scientific study of differences between groups"
Her definition encompassed not only race and ethnicity, but also group differences reflective of age, education, family, gender, religion, and social class. Her approach to the study of culture and difference has been described as an "elegant model" that incorporates a number of current fields of study with "brilliant simplicity".
Anastasi also addressed the methodological challenges involved in studying group differences. These were clearly demonstrated in the 1930s by Nazi "race science". Anastasi's summary of such work was blistering: "The array of evidence in support of this [Aryan supremacy] is incomplete and one-sided at its best, and fantastic and mythical at its worst."
Between the methodological difficulties involved and the horrors perpetrated by the Nazis, differential psychology largely disappeared as a field of research. By 1954, Anastasi herself had moved from the study of group differences to that of individual differences.
Anastasi published three editions of Differential Psychology (in 1937, 1949 and 1958). In 1985 the American Psychological Foundation described it as a "classic" text and a model of "clarity, comprehensiveness, and synthesis".
Psychological testing
Problems addressed
Anastasi's 1983 essay "What Do Intelligence Tests Measure?" aimed to correct misinterpretations regarding the understanding and use of aptitude and personality tests. Anastasi pointed out that the "testing boom" of the 1920s caused the term IQ to be adopted and misused by the general public. According to Anastasi, the misappropriation of the term created connotations that intelligence is heritable, stable throughout one's lifespan, and resistant to change.
In contrast, Anastasi emphasized that psychometric scores convey an individual's present status of what he or she knows. She cautioned against interpreting such tests as serving a strong predictive function, as scores only indicated to what degree a person acquired the knowledge and skills for the criterion of a given test. They evaluate for what is in high demand within a specific context; what an individual can achieve in the future depends not only on his or her present intellectual status as determined by the test, but also on subsequent experiences. Therefore, Anastasi advocated against psychometric tests definitively labelling a person, as they assess for specific types of knowledge and do not account for how intelligence can change over time.
Important to Anastasi was an understanding of the cultural frames of reference within which a test is developed. She stated that "No intelligence test can be culture free, because human intelligence is not culture free". Therefore, according to Anastasi, the first step in developing an intelligence test within a given culture was formulating a task analysis in order to determine how well individuals gain knowledge valued within that culture.
Methods
Anastasi mostly applied existing methods to individual and group ability testing, as well as self-report inventories and measuring interests and attitudes. She followed the methodological principles of norms, reliability, validity, and item analysis. The essay "Psychological Testing: Basic Concepts and Common Misconceptions," encapsulates Anastasi's methodological positions. Anastasi stressed that, in order to evaluate any psychometric test, the tester must be knowledgeable of the main features of the tests, particularly as they apply to norms, validity, and reliability. Her approach to standard scores and standard deviation was one in which she believed that understanding statistical concepts was essential to understanding the meaning of statistical computation.
In regards to criterion-referenced tests, Anastasi diverged from educational psychologist Robert Glaser, who first introduced the concept in 1963. Instead of approaching such tests as fundamentally different from norm-referenced tests, Anastasi maintained that the two could be combined to give a more comprehensive evaluation of the individual's test performance. An example is the Stanford Diagnostic Test in reading and mathematics, which assesses specific subject mastery by combining both interpretations.
Anastasi recognized that there are many types of test reliability. However, when dealing with standardized testing, much of the variance in reliability can be minimized by controlling such conditions as the testing environment, rapport, instructions, and time limits.
In contrast with the belief that there are three kinds of validity - content validity, criterion validity, and construct validity - Anastasi espoused to the then-growing belief of the mid-1980s that many more procedures could be used to build validity into a test. Defining the constructs to be assessed initiates the validation process. It culminates with "validating and cross-validating various scores through statistical analyses against external, real-life criteria".
Difference between aptitude and achievement test
In Psychological Testing: Basic Concepts and Common Misconceptions, Anastasi clarified differences between types of tests. Two differences between aptitude tests and achievement tests are test use and the degree of experiential specificity forming the foundation of the tests' construction. Achievement tests are used to assess current status; aptitude tests can predict future performance as defined by their specific criteria. Experiential specificity is narrowly defined for achievement tests, such as SAT Subject Tests. In contrast, the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales aptitude tests are based on broad knowledge of American culture beginning in the twentieth century.
Theoretical stance
Anastasi's theoretical framework that ability or intelligence change with experience and that their cultural context dictates their parameters informed her methodological approach to psychometric testing. Tests should be selected and used while bearing in mind their contextual appropriateness and limitations. She emphasized that tests serve specific functions in Western society, such as school/occupational placement or to assess for mental disabilities.
Criticism
The 1955 first edition of Psychological Testing was criticized for attributing test results only to individual differences, instead of recognizing that "'occasional differences' are also measured by means of tests". In the latest edition of the book, Anastasi and her co-author Susana Urbina suggested that more accurate results can be obtained by combining information from several fairly homogeneous tests. Each one would cover a single trait, or different aspect of the criterion.
Legacy
APA Division 5: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods awards the Anne Anastasi Dissertation Award.
References
External links
Human Intelligence: Anne Anastatsi
Anne Anastatsi at Psychology's Feminist Voices
Women's Intellectual Contributions to the Study of Mind and Society: Anne Anastatsi
Finding Aid for the Anne Anastasi Papers, Cummings Center for the History of Psychology
1908 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American women scientists
American women psychologists
20th-century American psychologists
Intelligence researchers
National Medal of Science laureates
Presidents of the American Psychological Association
Fordham University faculty
Barnard College faculty
Queens College, City University of New York faculty
Barnard College alumni
Columbia University alumni
American women academics
Quantitative psychologists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Anastasi
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Hariharpur Gadhi is a Gaunpalika and former village development committee in Sindhuli District in Bagmati Province of central Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 3,113 people living in 437 individual households.
Demographics
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Hariharpurgadhi Rural Municipality had a population of 27,727. Of these, 66.6% spoke Tamang, 13.5% Nepali, 9.0% Danwar, 3.8% Magar, 2.9% Rai, 2.7% Majhi, 0.6% Newar, 0.3% Pahari, 0.2% Sign language, 0.1% Bhojpuri, 0.1% Maithili and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
In terms of ethnicity/caste, 67.0% were Tamang, 9.1% Danuwar, 6.5% Magar, 3.7% Kami, 3.2% Majhi, 3.0% Rai, 2.5% Pahari, 1.1% Chhetri, 1.0% Newar, 0.9% Hill Brahmin, 0.8% Damai/Dholi, 0.2% Ghale, 0.2% Gharti/Bhujel, 0.2% Sarki, 0.1% Badi, 0.1% other Dalit and 0.3% others.
In terms of religion, 68.8% were Buddhist, 23.6% Hindu, 5.4% Prakriti, 1.9% Christian and 0.4% others.
In terms of literacy, 50.6% could read and write, 3.6% could only read and 45.8% could neither read nor write.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sindhuli District
Populated places in Sindhuli District
Rural municipalities in Sindhuli District
Rural municipalities of Nepal established in 2017
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hariharpurgadhi%20Rural%20Municipality
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Sherburn High School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form located in Sherburn in Elmet in Selby, North Yorkshire, England. It has around 950 pupils aged 11 to 18 years. The current head teacher is Miriam Oakley.
The school was awarded specialist Science College status in the summer of 2005 and has been recognised by the National Healthy Schools Programme for the quality of physical education and school dinners.
The school does not have a gymnasium from July 2018 onwards due to a fire. The BBC reported that what they described as a "teenager girl" had been arrested in connection with the incident.
Previously a community school administered by North Yorkshire County Council, in October 2019 Sherburn High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by The STAR Multi Academy Trust.
References
Educational institutions with year of establishment missing
Secondary schools in North Yorkshire
Academies in North Yorkshire
Sherburn in Elmet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherburn%20High%20School
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Francois van Rensburg (born Windhoek, 23 February 1974) is a Namibian former rugby union footballer. He played as a centre and as a fly-half. His profession was a farmer.
He had 15 caps for Namibia, from 1995 to 2001, scoring 2 tries, 10 points in aggregate. He played three games at the 1999 Rugby World Cup finals, where his country entered for the first time.
External links
Profile of Francois van Rensburg
Francois van Rensburg International Statistics
1974 births
Living people
Namibia international rugby union players
Namibian Afrikaner people
Namibian farmers
Namibian people of Dutch descent
Namibian rugby union players
Rugby union centres
Rugby union fly-halves
Rugby union players from Windhoek
White Namibian people
20th-century farmers
1999 Rugby World Cup players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francois%20van%20Rensburg
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Charles Francis Massy Swynnerton CMG (3 December 1877 – 8 June 1938) was an English naturalist noted for his contributions to tsetse fly research.
Swynnerton was born in Folkestone, Kent on 3 December 1877. His father was a senior chaplain in the Indian Army, and his mother the daughter of Major W. H. Massy, of Grantstown Hall, Tipperary. Swynnerton spent his early years in India, returning to England to start his schooling at Lancing College in Sussex. In 1897 he was accepted at Oxford University, but emigrated to Africa instead.
In Natal he met the renowned entomologist and authority on Curculionidae, Guy Anstruther Knox Marshall (1871–1959), who owned some farms in Southern Rhodesia and persuaded Swynnerton to manage one of these in the Melsetter district. In 1900 he became manager of Gungunyana Farm close to the Chirinda Forest in the Chipinga District - this farm was also bought by Guy Marshall in 1902. Despite his lack of formal scientific education he began a career which would end with serious international recognition as an entomologist. For the following 19 years Swynnerton used the farm as a base and worked on comprehensive collections of plants, birds and insects, the plants being written up later in 1911 in J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 40:1-245 as Flora of Gazaland. The British Museum was a regular recipient of his plant and insect specimens which were lauded for displaying "a precision in localisation and notes on economic uses which made this collection a model one". He was elected a Fellow of the Linnaean Society in 1907. From the farm he made a number of collecting trips to the nearby Chimanimani Mountains. During this period Guy Marshall became chief editor of the Bulletin of Entomological Research and remained a close friend and mentor to Swynnerton.
He was primarily interested in the ecological interactions of the tsetse fly (Glossina). The Rhodesian government appointed him in 1918 to research the tsetse fly problem, later that year extending his brief to also cover Mozambique. In 1919 he was appointed as the first game warden of Tanganyika, again with a brief to investigate the tsetse situation, becoming the first director of Tanganyika's tsetse control department, and Director of Tsetse Research at Shinyanga ten years later. His career trajectory resembles that of Clement Gillman, also known for east African field work.
In 1937 he was awarded the Order of St Michael and St George. However, on 8 June 1938, on his way to receiving the award, he died in a de Havilland Leopard Moth plane crash near Mjari in Tanganyika. His obituary in Nature was penned by Sir Guy Marshall.
Patronymic taxa
Swynnerton is commemorated by the genus Swynnertonia (Swynnerton's robin) and in some 40 specific plant names, as well as bird and insect names. Also, a species of African worm lizard, Chirindia swynnertoni, the cichlid Astatotilapia swynnertoni, and Glossina swynnertoni are named in his honour.
External links
Photo of memorial plaque
Works
1911 Flora of Gazaland - Linnaean Society
Vernacular Names of East African Mammals - edited by C.F.M. Swynnerton, Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 84, p. 547-552
References
Botanists with author abbreviations
People educated at Lancing College
English naturalists
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
1877 births
1938 deaths
People from Lowestoft
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Africa
Accidental deaths in Tanzania
British emigrants to Southern Rhodesia
British people in colonial India
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Francis%20Massy%20Swynnerton
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