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Gulf Coast High School is a public high school located in North Naples, Florida about from Naples, Florida. The school opened in August 1998 and is part of the District School Board of Collier County.
Athletics
Gulf Coast High School is one of the seven members of the Collier County Athletic Conference and also belongs to the Florida High School Athletic Association (FHSAA). The school offers the following athletic programs.
Fall sports
Boys & Girls Cross Country
American football (Freshmen, JV, Varsity)
Boys & Girls Golf
Boys & Girls Swimming & Diving
Girls Volleyball (Freshmen, JV, Varsity)
Girls Cheerleading
Winter sports
Boys & Girls Soccer (JV, Varsity)
Wrestling
Boys & Girls Basketball (Freshmen, JV, Varsity)
Spring sports
Baseball
Softball
Boys & Girls Tennis
Boys & Girls Track and field
Boys & Girls Lacrosse (JV, Varsity)
The boys soccer team have won the state championship 3 times: in 2013, 2018, and 2021.
Career academies
Gulf Coast High School is home to three different Career Academies. The goal of these programs is to help students that are interested in a certain career.
Sports and Entertainment Academy
This academy focuses on the promotion of sports, sports teams, and sports events.
Medical Academy
The Medical Academy's goal is to prepare students to pursue a career in any medical field they may be interested in.
Engineering Academy
For prospective students looking into the engineering field.
Courses offered at Gulf Coast include Introduction to Engineering Design (IED), Digital Engineering (DE), Principles of Engineering (POE), Aerospace Engineering (AE), Engineering Design and Development (EDD).
Extracurricular activities
Gulf Coast High School is home to many different extracurricular clubs. An accurate, up-to-date list is difficult to keep, as clubs are added and dropped as students graduate or lose interest. However, some of the notable clubs are:
Key Club
National Honor Society
Student Government
Drama Club
Glee Club
DECA
Fellowship of Christian Athletes
FBLA
Spanish & French Honor Societies
Model United Nations
Gay/Straight Alliance
Band
Orchestra
Color guard
Scholar Bowl
Theatre
Gulf Coast High School is part of District Six thespians and is International Thespian Society Troupe number 5876. Each year the theatre troupe puts on four main events. First there is a main-stage, full length production. There is also either a musical or dinner theatre, and then there are two shows featuring events scheduled to appear in District competition including Evening Extraordinaire: A One Act affair, and A Dramatic Showcase (featuring Individual Events). Occasionally there are shows that are produced every few years.
Pieces are rated in the following fashion: Superior, Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor. In 2006, for the first time in troupe history, one theatre student received the award for Best Overall Technical Theatre Piece for their Costume design in the District 6 Competition. This piece was chosen by the judges as the best technical theatre entry out of all the high schools participating, and out of all sub-categories in Technical Theatre. In 2007, three students were chosen to represent District 6 in State Competition. One received the award for Best Overall Technical Theatre Piece for a scenic design in the District 6 Competition, and a duo received the award for the Best Overall Pantomime in the District 6 Competition. In 2010, Gulf Coast High School received further acclaim after receiving straight superiors on their one-act play, and on three individual student's monologues. The students also participated at the Florida State Thespian Competition in Tampa, Florida back in April 2010.
Inventeam
In 2004, Gulf Coast High School was one of thirteen schools nationwide that received a $10,000 grant from the Lemelson-MIT Inventeams Program. The program is part of the Lemelson-MIT program which endeavors to foster a spirit of research and invention in high schools nationwide through grants. The GCHS Inventeam's invention was a hybrid between an air ionizing system similar to the Ionic Breeze and a typical ceiling fan. The idea was that the ceiling fan would circulate the air around the room, and as the air flowed over the ionizing system it would be cleaned as well, providing multipurpose from an appliance standard in many households.
Model United Nations
The GCHS Model United Nations team is one of the premier activities in Gulf Coast High School. Recently expanding its program in 2010, the team has since won delegation awards at Georgia Tech, Columbia, UCLA, Pennsylvania, Stanford, Miami, FGCU, among many more delegate awards at other conferences. In Fall 2011, the team was ranked 10th in the nation, hardly a year after the expansion of its program. In 2018, the team was ranked number one in the nation for public schools, and 6th overall.
Band
The GCHS band is the largest band in Florida, with about 350 members. Every year, the band participates in either the Universal or Disney parades. In 2015, the band participated in the nationally televised Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City.
Demographics
These are the school's demographics as of May 2021:
White: 63%
Hispanic: 25%
Black: 5%
Asian: 3%
Multi-racial: 2%
Native American: 0.5%
Campus
Gulf Coast High School consists of 8 main buildings which enclose a courtyard that is in size. Most of the building is on a single level, however Building 5, being the largest building, has classrooms on a second floor and the 1,200-seat auditorium has a balcony on a second level. The school includes computer labs, a gymnasium, a 3,000-seat capacity football stadium, cafeteria, media center, TV Production Studio, and darkrooms for photography.
Building 1: Administrative Offices
Building 2: Gymnasium
Building 3: P.E. Dept.
Building 4: Classrooms
Building 5: Classrooms
Building 6: Classrooms
Building 7: Cafeteria
Building 8: Auditorium; Music Classrooms
Accolades
In 2015, the school was included in U.S. News & World Report's Best High Schools Ranking, and was one of six Collier County schools to earn a medal. The school was given a silver medal.
Notable Alumni
Jake O'Connell, former professional NFL player
Marcel Rodriguez, Filmmaker/Actor
Luke Masterson, current NFL linebacker for the Las Vegas Raiders
External link
Official School Web Site
References
High schools in Collier County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20Coast%20High%20School
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Mathias Erik Tjärnqvist (born April 15, 1979, in Umeå, Sweden) is a former professional ice hockey forward. His older brother, Daniel Tjärnqvist, was a defenceman for Djurgårdens IF. He currently serves as an assistant coach for Malmö Redhawks in the SHL.
Playing career
Tjärnqvist was drafted by the Dallas Stars with the 96th overall, third round pick in the 1999 NHL Entry Draft. During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Tjärnqvist played with HV 71 in the Elitserien along with fellow NHL'ers Manny Malhotra, Jonathan Cheechoo, and Bryan McCabe. On February 12, 2007, he was traded to the Phoenix Coyotes, along with a first round pick in the 2007 NHL Entry Draft, for Ladislav Nagy. In 2017 Tjärnqvist officially announced his retirement.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
See also
Notable families in the NHL
References
External links
1979 births
Dallas Stars draft picks
Dallas Stars players
Djurgårdens IF Hockey players
HV71 players
Iowa Stars players
Living people
Ice hockey people from Umeå
Phoenix Coyotes players
Rögle BK players
Malmö Redhawks players
Malmö Redhawks coaches
Swedish ice hockey right wingers
Swedish expatriate ice hockey players in the United States
Utah Grizzlies (AHL) players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathias%20Tj%C3%A4rnqvist
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Fereydun (, , ; New Persian: , Fereydūn/Farīdūn) is an Iranian mythical king and hero from the Pishdadian dynasty. He is known as an emblem of victory, justice, and generosity in Persian literature.
According to Abolala Soudavar, Fereydun is partially a reflection of Cyrus the Great (), the first Achaemenid King of Kings.
Etymology
All of the forms of the name shown above derive, by regular sound laws, from Proto-Iranian *Θraitauna- (Avestan Θraētaona-) and Proto-Indo-Iranian *Traitaunas.
Traitaunas is a derivative (with augmentative suffix -una/-auna) of Tritas, the name of a deity or hero reflected in the Vedic Trita and the Avestan Θrita. Both names are identical to the adjective meaning "the third", a term used of a minor deity associated with two other deities to form a triad. In the Indian Vedas, Trita is associated with thunder gods and wind gods. Trita is also called Āptya, a name that is probably cognate with Āθβiya, the name of Thraetaona's father in the Avestā, Zoroastrian texts collated in the third century. Traitaunas may therefore be interpreted as "the great son of Tritas". The name was borrowed from Parthian into Classical Armenian as Hrudēn.
In Zoroastrian literature
In the Avestā, Thraetaona is the son of Aθβiya, and so is called Āθβiyāni, meaning "from the family of Aθβiya". He was recorded as the killer of the dragon Zahhak (Aži Dahāk).
On the contrary, in Middle Persian texts, Dahāka/Dahāg was instead imprisoned on Mount Damavand in Amol.
In the Shahnameh
According to Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, Fereydun was the son of Ābtin, one of the descendants of Jamšid. Fereydun, together with Kāve, revolted against the tyrannical king, Zahāk, defeated and arrested him in the Alborz Mountains. Afterwards, Fereydun became the king, married Arnavāz and, according to the myth, ruled the country for about 500 years. At the end of his life, he allocated his kingdom to his three sons, Salm, Tur, and Iraj.
Iraj was Fereydun's youngest and favored son, and inherited the best part of the kingdom, namely Iran. Salm inherited Anatolia ("Rûm", more generally meaning the Roman Empire, the Greco-Roman world, or just "the West"), and Tur inherited Central Asia ("Turān", all the lands north and east of the Amu Darya, as far as China), respectively. This aroused Iraj's brothers' envy, and encouraged them to murder him. After the murder of Iraj, Fereydun enthroned Iraj's grandson, Manučehr. Manučehr's attempt to avenge his grandfather's murder initiated the Iranian-Turanian wars.
See also
Iranian literature
Persian mythology
Triton (mythology)
References
Sources
External links
Stuart Cary Welch A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, 1972, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.), , catalog from an exhibition May 4-July 4, 1972 (open access), 201 pp, 49MB, contains material on 'Faridun' PDF pages 104, 112, 116, 120, 124
First Iranian Legendary Heroes and Heroines: A Research Note by Manouchehr Saadat Noury
Longevity myths
Mythological kings
Pishdadian dynasty
Cyrus the Great
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fereydun
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USS John F. Kennedy (CVN-79) is the second built for the United States Navy. The ship was launched on 29 October 2019, and christened on 7 December 2019.
Naming
On 7 December 2007, the 66th anniversary of the Attack on Pearl Harbor, Arizona Congressman Harry Mitchell proposed naming this ship . In 2009, Arizona Congressman John Shadegg proposed naming either CVN-79 or the subsequent CVN-80 as Barry M. Goldwater, after the late U.S. Senator, also from Arizona.
On 29 May 2011, the Department of Defense announced that the ship would be named for John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States, who served in the navy during World War II. She will be the third navy ship named after members of the Kennedy family, and the second aircraft carrier named John F. Kennedy, succeeding , which was active from 1968 to 2007.
Construction
On 15 January 2009, Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding was awarded a $374 million contract for design work and construction preparation for John F. Kennedy. On 30 September 2010, Northrop Grumman announced that preparations were under way to begin construction. On 25 February 2011, the Navy conducted the First Cut of Steel ceremony at Northrop Grumman in Newport News, signalling the formal start of construction for John F. Kennedy.
John F. Kennedy was originally planned to be completed in 2018. This was extended to 2020 after Secretary of Defense Robert Gates announced in 2009 that the program would shift to a five-year building program so as to place it on a "more fiscally sustainable path". By late 2012, delays had occurred in construction, and the Navy Department was investigating extending the construction time of both and John F. Kennedy by an additional two years which could delay the carrier's entry into service until 2022. In September 2013, the Government Accountability Office recommended delaying the detail design and construction contract for John F. Kennedy until programmatic shortfalls are sorted out. The Navy and Defense Department have rejected the recommendation. The Navy faces technical, design, and construction challenges to completing , including producing systems prior to demonstrating their maturity to meet required installation dates. Gerald R. Ford had costs increase by 22% to $12.8 billion, and additional increases could follow due to uncertainties facing critical technology systems and shipbuilder under performance. Risk is introduced in the Navy's plan to conduct integration testing of key systems at the same time as initial operational test and evaluation. One action the GAO says could be taken to ensure Ford-class carrier acquisitions are supported is conducting a cost-benefit analysis of required capabilities and associated costs.
The ship's keel was laid in Newport News, Virginia on 22 August 2015. As part of the traditional keel laying ceremony, the initials of ship sponsor Caroline Kennedy, daughter of President Kennedy and the sponsor of the previous John F. Kennedy, were welded into the ship's hull. As of late June 2017 the ship was 50% structurally complete. On 28 February 2018, HII announced that its Newport News Shipbuilding division had built 70% of the structures necessary to complete John F. Kennedy. On 30 April 2018, HII announced that she was "75 percent structurally erected and more than 40 percent complete." On 3 May 2018 HII President & CEO Mike Petters reported that John F. Kennedy was to be launched three months ahead of schedule on 29 October 2019. On 30 May 2019 the 588-ton bridge and island was installed. Under the island Captain Todd Marzano placed his wings and the first Kennedy half dollar, which was donated by Caroline Kennedy, was put in place. Next to these Rear Admiral Brian Antonio (program executive officer, Aircraft Carriers, ret.), Rear Admiral Roy Kelley (commander, Naval Air Force Atlantic), and Jennifer Boykin (president, Newport News Shipbuilding) placed coins each embossed with quotes from President Kennedy and parts of the ship's motto. Caroline could not be present, so the order was given via radio for the crane operator to lift the island and set it down on the deck over the ceremonial items and entombing them in the ship's superstructure. The ship reached 100% complete on 11 July 2019 with the installation of the upper bow and launch deck consisting of the ship's two forward catapults.
On 1 October 2019, the ship's crew was activated for the first time as Pre-Commissioning Unit (PCU) John F. Kennedy at a ceremony aboard the vessel at Newport News Shipbuilding. On 29 October 2019, Newport News Shipbuilding began flooding the dry dock where John F. Kennedy has been under construction. The process of filling the dry dock with more than of water took place over several days, and it marked the first time the ship has been in water. Once the ship was afloat, she was moved to west end of the dry dock. The ship was christened on 7 December 2019 by Caroline Kennedy, who reenacted the bottle bash she did when the first John F. Kennedy (CV-67) was christened 52 years earlier.
In November 2020, HII received a nine-figure modification on an earlier contract to accomplish CVN 79 "single phase delivery and Joint Strike Fighter (F-35C) capabilities" in Newport News, Virginia. According to the contract announcement, the "single-phase delivery approach" is adopted "to meet both Fleet requirements and a congressional mandate of ensuring that CVN 79 is capable of operating and deploying Joint Strike Fighter (F-35C) aircraft before completing the post-shakedown availability as codified in Section 124 of the fiscal 2020 National Defense Authorization Act (Public Law 116-92)." The ship is projected to begin testing her Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System in 2022, and her combat system in 2023. In the same year, the U.S. Navy awarded a contract worth almost $400 million to HII for upgrades to the ship's flight deck, island, and weapon systems. She is scheduled to be delivered in 2025.
See also
List of aircraft carriers of the United States Navy
List of memorials to John F. Kennedy
References
External links
DoD press release on christening of CVN-79 John F. Kennedy
Builder Website
Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carriers
Ships built in Newport News, Virginia
2019 ships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20John%20F.%20Kennedy%20%28CVN-79%29
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Toxicodendron rydbergii, the western poison ivy or northern poison oak, is a species of Toxicodendron in the cashew family native to North America.
Description
Unlike Toxicodendron radicans (eastern poison ivy), which often appears as a trailing or climbing vine, Toxicodendron rydbergii is a shrub that can grow to 1 m (3 ft) tall, rarely up to 3 m (10 ft). The leaves are trifoliate and alternate. The leaflets are variable in size and shape, and are usually 15 cm (6 in) long, turning yellow or orange in autumn. On the compound trifoliate leaves, the two leaflets opposite each other are typically asymmetrical, in contrast to the terminal leaflet which always shows bilateral symmetry. The fruits are small, round, and yellowish. Like other members of its genus, all parts of this plant contain urushiol, which can cause severe contact dermatitis in most individuals.
Distribution and habitat
It is native to most of Canada from the Maritimes to British Columbia, and most of the contiguous United States except the Southeast, Nevada, Oregon and California. It is apparently extirpated from West Virginia. It can be found growing in forests, and other wooded areas, usually near streams and rivers.
References
rydbergii
Flora of Northern America
Plants described in 1900
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicodendron%20rydbergii
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Refunding occurs when an entity that has issued callable bonds calls those debt securities from the debt holders with the express purpose of reissuing new debt at a lower coupon rate. In essence, the issue of new, lower-interest debt allows the company to prematurely refund the older, higher-interest debt.
On the contrary, non-refundable bonds may be callable but they cannot be re-issued with a lower coupon rate—they cannot be refunded.
See also
Refinancing
Bonds (finance)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refunding
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Ernest Cosmos Quigley (March 22, 1880 – December 10, 1960) was a Canadian-born American sports official who became notable both as a basketball referee and as an umpire in Major League Baseball. He also worked as an American football coach and official.
Born in Canada and raised in Concordia, Kansas, Quigley attended college and law school at the University of Kansas. There he played college basketball under the game's inventor, James Naismith. He became the head football coach at Kansas Wesleyan University and then the athletic director at the University of Kansas. Quigley refereed college basketball for 40 years and umpired more than 3,000 Major League Baseball games. As a college football official, he worked in several bowl games and served on the Rules Committee of the NCAA for several years.
Quigley died in Kansas in 1960.
Early life
Quigley was born in Newcastle, New Brunswick, and was raised in Concordia, Kansas where he was a prominent member of the high school football team in the 1890s.
Coaching and administrative career
Quigley was a student of basketball inventor James Naismith at the University of Kansas. He also played football at Kansas from 1900 to 1901.
St. Mary's
After graduating, he served as a coach, teacher and athletic director at St. Mary's College in St. Marys, Kansas, from 1903 until 1912, while also attending law school at the University of Kansas.
Kansas
In 1944, Quigley became the athletic director at the University of Kansas, where he hired coaches George Sauer, Jules V. Sikes, and Dick Harp.
Officiating career
Quigley officiated at more than 1,500 collegiate and Amateur Athletic Union games during his 40-year career, and supervised the NCAA tournament officials from 1940 to 1942. He also refereed the basketball finals between the United States and Canada at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, played outdoors in the rain, in the first Games at which basketball was a medal sport. Rather than using his whistle, the small-statured Quigley often used his high-pitched voice to command attention in supervising play. In 1944 he became athletic director at Kansas, serving until 1950. He was enshrined in the Basketball Hall of Fame in 1961.
Professional baseball
Quigley was also a National League baseball umpire from to , and oversaw six World Series, most notably the notorious 1919 Black Sox series, as well as those in 1916, 1921, 1924, 1927 and 1935; he was crew chief for the 1927 Series. On June 1, 1923, he was the home plate umpire for the game in which the New York Giants, visiting the Philadelphia Phillies, became the first 20th-century team to score in every inning of a 9-inning game, winning 22–8. He also participated in a baseball tour of Japan, and later became an NL supervisor of umpires. After a 1933 game, Quigley was found unconscious by partner George Barr following an electric shock from an exposed wire; he recovered uneventfully. His 3,351 games as an umpire ranked seventh in major league history when he retired; his 1,511 games behind home plate are still the tenth most in history. Quigley Field, the University of Kansas' first baseball stadium, was named after him.
College football
Quigley also served as an official in major college football contests including the Army–Navy Game, five Harvard–Yale games, the Michigan–Illinois game, three Rose Bowls (1920, 1925, 1927), and the Cotton Bowl Classic. He was a member of the NCAA's Rules Committee from 1946 to 1954.
Personal life and death
Quigley married Marge Darlington in Concordia. The ceremony was held in the home of the bride.
Quigley died at age 80 in Lawrence, Kansas and was buried at that city's Mt. Calvary Cemetery.
He was the brother of Larry Quigley.
See also
List of Major League Baseball umpires
References
External links
Retrosheet
1880 births
1960 deaths
College men's basketball referees in the United States
College football officials
Major League Baseball umpires
National League umpires
Kansas Jayhawks men's basketball players
Central Missouri Mules football coaches
Kansas Jayhawks athletic directors
Saint Louis Billikens football coaches
Saint Mary's Academy and College
Saint Mary's Knights football coaches
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
People from Concordia, Kansas
People from Miramichi, New Brunswick
Minor league baseball managers
Canadian Baseball Hall of Fame inductees
Canadian emigrants to the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20C.%20Quigley
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Government Medical College Kannur, Pariyaram, or Pariyaram Medical College, was established in March 1993 at Pariyaram in Kannur district, Kerala state, South India. It was the first medical college to be established under the cooperative sector in India and was then called Academy of Medical Sciences (ACME).
See also
Government Medical College, Kozhikode
Government Medical College, Kollam
Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram
References
External links
Official website
Medical colleges in Kerala
Hospitals in Kerala
Kannur
Universities and colleges in Kannur district
Universities and colleges established in 1993
1993 establishments in Kerala
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20Medical%20College%2C%20Kannur
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Samuel William Koster (December 29, 1919 – January 23, 2006) was a career officer in the United States Army. He attained the rank of major general, and was most notable for his service as commander of the Americal Division and Superintendent of the United States Military Academy. A veteran of World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, Koster was slated for promotion to lieutenant general before receiving a reduction in rank to brigadier general and retiring as a result of his efforts to minimize the details of the My Lai Massacre.
Early life
Koster was born in West Liberty, Iowa on December 29, 1919, and graduated from West Liberty High School in 1937. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1942 and was commissioned as a second lieutenant of Infantry.
Start of career
After completing his Infantry Officer Basic Course, Koster was assigned to the 413th Infantry Regiment, a unit of the 104th Infantry Division. After completing organization and training at Camp Adair, Oregon, the 413th served in Europe until the end of World War II. Koster took part in four campaigns, and advanced through the positions of platoon leader, company commander, regimental staff officer, battalion executive officer, battalion commander, and regimental executive officer. During the war he also completed his Infantry Officer Advanced Course and graduated from the United States Army Command and General Staff College.
Post-World War II
After the war Koster served with the 20th and 2d Armored Divisions at Fort Hood, Texas, including assignments as a battalion commander and division staff officer. He then served in the Intelligence staff section (G-2) at the Far East Command headquarters in Japan. After returning to the United States in 1949, he was assigned as a tactical officer at West Point.
Korean War
During the Korean War Koster returned to Asia, serving with both Operations and Training (G-3) and G-2 staff sections of the Far East Command and the Eighth United States Army. He was then assigned to direct Eighth Army's guerrilla warfare operations against North Korea.
Post-Korean War
After the war Koster completed the Armed Forces Staff College. He was subsequently posted to the Office of the U.S. Army G-3, where he served for three years in the Operations Directorate.
In July, 1956 Koster was assigned to Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) in Paris, where he served as deputy secretary and then secretary of the staff. In 1959 he returned to the United States and began attendance at the National War College, from which he graduated in 1960.
In the early 1960s Koster was assigned to Fort Benning, Georgia, where he served as commander of the 29th Infantry Battle Group, followed by command of the 1st Infantry Brigade. He then served as director of the Infantry Center and School's Command and Staff Department, followed by assignment as chief of staff of the Infantry Center and School.
Koster was assigned to Eighth United States Army in South Korea in 1964, serving as deputy assistant G-3 and assistant G-3. In April 1966, he was assigned as director of the Plans and Programs Division in the Office of the Army's Assistant Chief of Staff for Force Development.
By 1967 he had attained the rank of Major General, and at the height of the Vietnam War was assigned to command Task Force Oregon. The task force was later reorganized as the reactivated 23rd Infantry (Americal) Division.
My Lai Massacre
On March 16, 1968, a company of Americal Division troops led by Captain Ernest Medina and Lieutenant William Calley slaughtered hundreds of civilians in a South Vietnamese hamlet known as My Lai (referred to as "Pinkville" by the troops). While no official count was made, soldiers and investigators later estimated that 350 to 500 women, children and old men were killed with grenades, rifles, bayonets, and machine guns; some were burned to death in their huts. Corpses were piled in ditches that became mass graves. No Viet Cong were ever discovered in the village and no shots were fired in opposition. To many Americans at home, the massacre marked the moral nadir of the war in Southeast Asia and became a pivotal event in the conflict.
Koster was not on the ground at My Lai, but he did fly over the village in a helicopter while the soldiers moved in, and afterward. He later testified that he believed only about 20 civilians had died, although he also said that he was told about "wild shooting" and about a confrontation between ground troops and a helicopter pilot (later identified as Hugh Thompson) who tried to stop the killing of civilians. Koster later ordered subordinates to file reports on the incident, but they were incomplete, and one was even lost. Worse, these reports were never sent to headquarters, as military protocol required, until an Americal veteran named Ron Ridenhour triggered a secret high-level investigation with a three-page letter he sent to the Pentagon, the president, and members of Congress in March 1969.
Early in 1970, Koster and 13 other officers were charged with trying to cover up the massacre. Charges were dropped, however, after the Army determined that he "did not show any intentional abrogation of responsibilities". Koster, who was the Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point at the time, was due to be promoted to the rank of lieutenant general (three stars), but his involvement in the My Lai cover up caused him to be denied this promotion, and further inquiries led the way to his demotion. He was subsequently censured in writing, stripped of a Distinguished Service Medal and demoted to brigadier general for failing to conduct an adequate investigation. Koster's appeal was turned down.
Later life
Following his demotion, Koster was reassigned as deputy commander of Maryland's Aberdeen Proving Ground, in charge of Army weapons testing. He retired from the military in November 1973 with the rank of brigadier general. His decorations included the Silver Star, Bronze Star Medal, and Legion of Merit.
After his retirement, Koster worked for 12 years as an executive vice president for the power transmission division of Koppers and Hanson Industries in Baltimore. In this role, Koster was responsible for the oversight of electricity plants in the United States and Canada.
Death and burial
In retirement Koster continued to reside in Maryland. He died in Annapolis on January 23, 2006. He is buried at West Point Cemetery, Sec. 18, Row G, Grave 084B.
Family
In 1943, Koster married Cherie Kadgihn (1922–2018), who was originally from Iowa City, Iowa. They were the parents of five children—sons Samuel Jr., Robert, and Jack, all of whom became army officers, and daughters Susanne Henley-Ross and Nancy Sroka.
Cultural references
Koster is mentioned by name in the first stanza of Pete Seeger's Vietnam protest song "Last Train to Nuremberg".
See also
References
1919 births
2006 deaths
United States Army generals
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
United States Army personnel of the Vietnam War
Mỹ Lai massacre
United States Army personnel who were court-martialed
Superintendents of the United States Military Academy
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
Joint Forces Staff College alumni
National War College alumni
Deaths from kidney cancer
Burials at West Point Cemetery
American people of Dutch descent
People from Muscatine County, Iowa
Military personnel from Iowa
20th-century American academics
War criminals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20W.%20Koster
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Fire from Heaven is a 1969 historical novel by Mary Renault about the childhood and youth of Alexander the Great. It reportedly was a major inspiration for the Oliver Stone film Alexander. The book was nominated for the “Lost Man Booker Prize” of 1970, "a contest delayed by 40 years because a reshuffling of the fledgeling competition’s rules", but lost out to Troubles by J. G. Farrell.
Plot summary
Concise Summary
Fire from Heaven begins with Alexander as a young child in the court of his father, Philip of Macedon, and closes with the immediate aftermath of his father's assassination at Aegae, the event which led Alexander to assume power. The novel deals with the relationship between Philip and Queen Olympias and Alexander's changing loyalties to them, Alexander's tuition under Aristotle, Alexander's sexuality and relationship with his friend and future General Hephaistion, and Alexander's growing prowess as a soldier during his father's conquest of the Greek states. As a novel concerned with Alexander's youth, it does not deal with his conquest of the Persian Empire beyond foreshadowing.
Main locations
Pella – the opening scene of the novel, capital city of Macedon. Pella is presented as a place of constant political struggles. It is where Alexander's childhood is spent and where most of the central relationships are formed.
Aigi – the closing scene of the novel, the old capital of Macedon, located higher in the mountains. It features a fortress near a waterfall, and is presented as the site of many important character shifts, such as loss of virginity, murder, and transformative religious experiences.
Mieza – site of a school for Alexander and the other sons of important Macedonian military leaders. Mieza is presented as a sort of Arcadian place of refuge from the wider politics of Macedon, a place of comradeship, learning, and love.
Thrace – Macedon's neighbor to the northeast. Thrace is presented as a wild, remote region which Philip's soldiers have occupied. Even more so than Macedon, Thrace remains a rough land of feuding warlords. It is noted for the blue tattoos of its inhabitants. Thrace is where Alexander first exhibits his military bravery and leadership, and where he and Hephaestion are hardened to the gruesome realities of war.
Athens – Macedon's antagonistic neighbor to the south. Athens is represented in the novel as past its glory days and ruled by petty, squabbling demagogues. It still, however, retains an aura of great respect for both Alexander and Philip as the birthplace of Greece's high culture.
Chaeronea – site of a massive battle which decides whether Philip's military hegemony will be able to spread into the more culturally advanced states of southern Greece.
Perinthos – a former Macedonian ally to the east which wavers in its support and is invaded by Philip. It is here that Alexander and Philip bond over a shared love of military tactics and Alexander saves Philip's life during an attempted insurrection.
Epiros – Macedon's neighbour to the west. Epiros is presented as a well-run, prosperous region in alliance with Macedon. It is the homeland of Olympias, who is daughter and sister of two of its successive kings. The marriage of Olympias to Philip as his chief wife ensures that Epiros remains friendly to Macedon, so that Philip can concentrate his army on northern, southern, and eastern expansion.
Persian Empire – though it is never visited in the novel, Persia is a looming presence affecting everything that happens in Macedon and its neighbors. It is the eventual goal of both Alexander and Philip to conquer Persia and its Great King. Persia is the old enemy invader of Greece and a land of fabled, opulent wealth.
Phocis – though it is never visited in the novel, Phocis serves as the pretext for Philip to become involved in the military disputes of southern Greece. Phocis' sacrilegious cultivation of fields meant to be reserved as holy land (and the resulting wealth which threatens their neighbours) is the impetus for the Third Sacred War.
Main characters
Alexander – The central character of the novel, followed from the age of 4 until his taking power over Macedon.
Philip – King of Macedon and Alexander's legal father. Alexander and Philip have an intense love-hate relationship. A central theme of the novel is whether Philip, who is often portrayed as arrogant, brutish, and crass, deserves the loyalty and love of Alexander. This is often tied to whether or not Philip is also Alexander's biological father.
Olympias – Alexander mother and Philip's chief wife. She is portrayed as a strong-willed survivor who uses emotional blackmail and a system of spies to protect her interests against her all-powerful husband. Through the novel, Alexander's relationship towards his mother changes from unswerving devotion to a more restrained loyalty.
Hephaestion – Teenaged friend of Alexander who becomes his unswervingly loyal life partner.
Pausanias – Bodyguard and lover of Philip, later elevated to captain of the bodyguards as compensation for a humiliating attack by a rival.
Demosthenes – Athenian political orator, diplomat, and soldier, portrayed as arrogant, selfish, and venal (The strongly negative portrayal of Demosthenes in the novel has been one of the main criticisms leveled against it). Demosthenes is the most visible antagonist against Philip's drive for empire.
Phoinix – Alexander's pedagogue, who provides him emotional solace and imaginative inspiration.
Leonidas – Olympias' uncle and Alexander's great-uncle. Leonidas serves as regent of Macedon during one of Philip's absences and seeks to toughen Alexander into an obedient, hard soldier.
Attalos – One of Phliip's generals. Early in the novel he attacks Pausanias as part of a romantic quarrel of honor. Later in the novel, he makes a bid for power by trying to replace Olympias with his own niece as mother of the next king.
Antipatros – Loyal regent during one of Philip's absences, Antipatros helps train Alexander in the civic demands of state administration. He is also the father of Kassandros, who is a minor villain in the story.
Chapter One
The novel begins with the memorable opening line, "The child was wakened by the knotting of the snake's coils about his waist." Alexander is four years old and his younger sister Kleopatra is still in a cradle. The snake which encircles him is a semi-tame house snake who has escaped from the room of Alexander's mother, Olympias. Alexander sneaks past his nanny, Hellanike, and into his mother's room to return it. The relationship between Alexander and Olympias is portrayed as affectionate and intimate, but he is already aware at a young age that she lies to her husband, Alexander's purported father, Philip, the king of Macedon.
Philip, who had been heard earlier singing and yelling drunkenly in the main hall, bursts into the cozy scene & embarrasses Alexander with his nakedness and verbal abuse of Olympias. Olympias responds with mockery of Philip's other lovers, his period as a hostage in Thebes, and the insinuation that Alexander is in fact not Philip's biological son. Phililp throws Alexander from the room, where he is comforted by a guard. Alexander claims he will murder his father when he's old enough, but the guard warns that it would be a sin, and tells Alexander that being abused will toughen him up for the aristocratic male rites of passage of murdering a wild boar and murdering a man. The guard also tells Alexander the tale of Heracles killing snakes as a baby, starting a lifelong fascination with Heracles in Alexander.
Alexander's family is further revealed when, three years later, he goes on a horse ride with a soldier he admires, Ptolemy. Alexander has heard around the barracks that Ptolemy is also the son of Philip, but Ptolemy explains to Alexander why this should not be repeated, as Ptolemy's mother is married to someone other than Philip. To overcome Alexander's great disappointment, Ptolemy becomes a blood brother with him.
Returning to the stables, Alexander sees horses dressed in the dazzling wealth of Persia. He learns that two Persian satraps who rebelled against the Great King have been given pardons and will be returning from exile in Macedon. Alexander entertains and questions the envoys who have come to bring them back, gaining useful military information because the amused envoys tell a child more than they would an adult. Alexander also flirts with the handsome youth who attends the envoys, and later dreams of riding off with him to see Persepolis after murdering a group of impudent Persian envoys.
The final sequence of Chapter One ends with Alexander allowed to join his mother in a women's rite dedicated to the god Dionysus because Alexander has not yet reached puberty.
Chapter Two
When Philip goes to war against Chalkidike, he puts Olympias' cold uncle, Leonidas of Epirus in charge as regent, and entrusts him with finding tutors for Alexander, who is now seven years old and considered ready to begin training for manhood. Leonidas forces Alexander into a Spartan lifestyle and the tutors try to tame Alexander's imagination into rote learning. Conditions are somewhat alleviated by an old family friend, Lysimachus of Acarnania, who encourages Alexander's dreams by referring to Alexander as the mythical hero Achilles and himself as Phoinix. In his mind, Alexander equates his father with Achilles' military colleague but personal enemy, Agamemnon.
Alexander has his first meeting with Hephaestion, although it is brief and they argue.
Philip returns from war, bringing crowds of slaves with him. He also marries a woman from Thrace to seal an alliance, causing mad jealousy in Olympias. In retaliation, Olympias appears on stage in a celebratory play, something which is allowed her as a priestess of Dionysos, god of theatre, but is still considered wildly shocking since only men are supposed to appear on stage. In the gossiping crowd afterward, Alexander slashes the leg of a man who he hears insulting his mother. To atone for attacking someone without warning, Alexander sacrifices to Zeus, and believes that the god speaks directly to him during the rite.
Chapter Three
Alexander is ten years old. Going to meet with his father, he notes that his father's newest guard, Pausanias of Orestis, has the kind of looks which Philip appreciates in lovers. Philip is preparing to hear envoys from Athens, who are coming to convince him against joining a war against Phocis, because they are afraid of his increasing power spreading into southern Greece. Chief among them is Demosthenes, who attempts to molest Alexander, mistaking him for a slave. Alexander is revenged when he reveals himself as Philip's heir just as Demosthenes is about to speak. Demosthenes is also humiliated because his speech is plagiarized by another envoy, Aeschines.
Alexander befriends a young Thracian, Lambaros, living at the court as a hostage, despite the snobbery which the other Macedonians display toward him.
Chapter Four
Alexander learns eagerly from his tutors, and bemoans the fact that he must sleep when there is so much he wants to do. His music teacher, Epikrates, encourages him to perform due to his great skill on the cithara, but Philip publicly humiliates Alexander for being too good a musician. Epikrates resigns, and Alexander runs away from home. He joins a soldier on leave in a tribal feud in the uplands of Macedon, making his first murder in battle and carrying the head of the victim back to prove his manhood to his father. Alexander refuses to claim the head of a second kill because the face reminds him of his father.
Returned to the palace, Alexander is given his own retinue of young men-at-arms. At a yearly horse fair, when Alexander is away from them looking at horses, the group gossips that King Philip had taken the guard Pausanias of Orestis as a lover, but then had moved on to someone else. Pausanias had insulted the new lover in jealousy, leading the new lover to be foolishly brave in battle to try to prove himself, and resulting in his death. To get back at Pausanias, the general Attalos, a friend of the dead man, had got Pausanias drunk and let the stable grooms gang rape him. Philip had promoted Pausanias to captain of the royal bodyguard to try to make it up to him, but had not punished Attalos, who was good general.
Alexander shows amazing courage and skill in taming the horse Bucephalus in front of the assembled chiefs at the horse fair. He re-meets Hephaestion (who he had first met six years previous) and is smitten. Alexander realizes that while talking with Hephaestion, he had forgotten all about running to tell the news of the new horse to his mother, the first time this has happened when he had big news to tell. Alexander burns a great deal of Persian incense to Heracles at a rite and is told by his great-uncle Leonidas not to be so wasteful of Persian riches until he is master of the lands where they grow, a sentiment which Alexander takes to heart.
Chapter Five
Alexander is nearly 15 and is studying the military histories of Xenophon. When they are hiding out together on a rooftop, Alexander convinces Hephaestion to climb to a dangerously high pinnacle. Hephaestion, who has become completely infatuated, likens Alexander to Zeus, and himself to Semele, realizing that a relationship with Alexander will always involve danger.
Philip leaves to install Alexandros, Olympias' brother, as the new king of Epirus, placing the loyal Antipatros as regent of Macedon. Alexander receives his new tutor, Aristotle, who sets up a school for Alexander and the sons of Philip's generals at Mieza. Among the comrades are Hephaestion, who is now accepted as Alexander's "shadow" by everyone, Ptolemy, Harpalos, Philotas, and Kassandros, whom Alexander does not like, but he must be included because he is the heir of the loyal regent Antipatros. At one point, they watch a play about Achilles and Patroclus, which further inspires the bond between Alexander and Hephaestion.
After some time at the school at Mieza, Alexander and his closest comrades are called to join Philip in besieging a fort. A military escort is led by Kleitos, brother of Alexander's former nanny, Hellanike. Alexander fights with great bravery, and interacts personally with the soldiers, earning their admiration. After the fall of the fort, he rescues a woman whose baby has been murdered, and whom Kassandros was attempting to rape. In an ensuing fight, the woman nearly kills Kassandros, and he is packed off home in disgrace. Alexander visits his boyhood friend, the former Thracian hostage Lambaros, on the return trip.
Back at school, the young men are shocked to hear of the torture and death of Hermias of Atarneus, a friend of Aristotle and loyal ally of Macedon, under arrest in Persia. Aristotle refers to all Persians as barbarians in anger, an insult which Alexander refuses to believe. Meanwhile, Philip deposes Kersobelptes of Thrace.
Alexander's family is reunited at the springtime Dionysia, held at the old capital at Aigai. His mother is jealous that Alexander and Philip have now bonded through their common passion for war. Caught up in the heterosexual furor surrounding the Dionysia, Alexander flirts with a serving woman, Gorgo, but later comes upon his father having sex with her. On the day of the festival, he watches the secret rites of the women on the mountaintop, although it is forbidden, and sees his mother murder Gorgo in her role as priestess of Dionysos. Sick with shame for having watched something forbidden, Alexander reasons that his mother has the right to wage war in the way of women just as his father does in the way of men, and that Olympias has actually killed far fewer people than Philip. Hephaestion comforts Alexander after the shock, and is relieved that Alexander did not have sex with any of the women returning from the mountain rites, as many of their friends did.
Chapter Six
The next spring, Alexander and Hephaestion finally have sex. It is something which Hephaestion has been longing for, but it leaves Alexander distant because, like sleep, it reminds him that he is mortal. When they return to the capital from school, the circle of men around Alexander are noticed to have taken up the southern Greek fashion of shaving, something which Philip views with distaste. Nonetheless, he leaves Alexander as regent when he goes off to war against Perinthos and Byzantion.
As regent, Alexander practices military skills himself and studiously trains the soldiers left to him, making them ready when he puts down a rebellion in Thrace. He is aided by his childhood friend, Lambaros, who knows the local terrain. Upon driving off the rebels, Alexander founds the city of Alexandropolis Maedica and then joins his father against Perinthos. There, he saves his father's life but Philip, ashamed, pretends to have been unconscious and to not remember it, losing some of the loyalty he had earned from Alexander in their shared battle plans.
On his return to the capital, Alexander is pressured by his mother, who is jealous of Hephaestion's influence, to engage in heterosexuality. He is kind to a hetaira at a party, but goes no further than kissing her gently. His mother then has a young woman smuggled into his room at night. Realising that the woman will be punished if she does not prove she has lost her virginity, and wanting his mother off his back, Alexander has sex with her. The next morning he sends the woman back to his mother with an expensive pin which Olympias had told Alexander to save for his bride someday, and the message that from now on he will choose his own lovers.
Chapter Seven
Philip decides that southern Greece must be invaded. Alexander is put in charge of a feint against Illyria to make the southern Greeks unprepared. Back at Pella, he questions his mother as to who is his biological father, but the novel leaves the answer a secret. Athens and Thebes ally against Philip. Sparta remains uninvolved. The Athenian army and the Sacred Band of Thebes are destroyed, with Alexander's courage and tactical skill making him a hero to the army. Philip's hegemony is recognised. Alexander represents Philip in Athens, where he is insulted when someone tries to offer him service from an enslaved sex worker. His blood brother and friend Ptolemy, however, takes up with the Athenian hetaira Thaïs.
On the way back to Pella, Philip's entourage stays at the castle of Attalos, the general who had years before planned the gang rape of Pausanias of Orestis, the chief of Philip's bodyguard. Alexander is shocked that his father is insulting Pausanias by making him stay the night at the home of his former rapist, but Ptolemy points out that the king has much else to think about and has probably put the event long out of mind. Pausanias does not eat or drink the entire time they are lodged at the home of Attalos.
Attalos gains another enemy in Olympias when it is announced that Philip will be marrying Attalos' niece. The marriage threatens Olympias even more than Philip's previous marriages because a son born to this wife would be completely Macedonian, and might be considered a better heir than Olympias' own son, Alexander. Alexander goes along with the wedding until Attalos prays that his niece will produce a "lawful, true-born heir" which Alexander takes as an insult and threat. He hurls a cup at Attalos' head, a huge offence against a host, then goes with his mother into exile in her native Epirus. Along the route of their flight, they take refuge at the house of Pausanias' wife. In Epirus, Alexander consults the oracle of Dodona, under the auspices of three priestesses reminiscent of the Moirai, and is given the answer of "yes" to two questions which the novel leaves a secret.
Chapter Eight
Through the mediation of Demaratos, Alexander and Olympias return to Macedon, but there is now a clear faction which supports them, and a second faction which supports Attalos. Philotas, one of the young men in Alexander's circle, is recruited by his father, the general Parmenion, to spy on Alexander for Philip. Olympias' own spies learn that Philip plans to marry Arridaios, the developmentally disabled son of a minor wife, off to the daughter of a ruler on the edge of the Persian Empire. Convinced that the prestigious marriage is meant as a slight to him, Alexander proposes himself to the foreign ruler as an alternate bridegroom through the secret negotiations of Thettalos, an admiring actor.
When he learns that Alexander has gone behind his back, Philip exiles several of the men who helped in the plot, including Ptolemy, whom Philip acknowledges to be his biological son. Hephaestion is not exiled, but is threatened with death if Alexander ever again commits an act seen as treasonous. Thettalos is brought before Philip in chains, and Alexander is forced to plead for his life.
Fed up with Olympias, Philip makes plans to marry her daughter, Kleopatra, off to Olympias' brother, the current king of Epirus. This will allow Philip to divorce Olympias while still retaining a marriage bond to the king of Epirus. About the same time, captain of the bodyguard Pausanias learns that Philip has brought up mention of his former rape again, although he had promised never to do so. The internal divisions of the family begin to spread out into the network of diplomats and spies working against Philip in occupied lands. Olympias hints at a new intrigue she has developed to bolster her position, but, fearful of Philip's retribution, Alexander refuses to hear it.
Alexander and Hephaestion both look ahead to the planned invasion of Asia, reasoning that if Alexander fights well for Philip, he will get back in his good graces. And if Philip dies in battle, then the best center of power will be with the mass of the army. Alexander plans to murder Attalos in Asia. Foreign agents convince Pausanias that Alexander agrees to a plot involving the captain of the guard by making a copy of one of Alexander's rings and using it as a token of agreement.
Meanwhile, Philip invites dignitaries from all over Greece for the lavish wedding of his daughter Kleopatra to Alexandros of Epirus. He sends for an oracle from Delphi concerning his invasion of Asia and receives the seemingly positive response, "Wreathed is the bull for the altar, the end fulfilled. And the slayer too is ready." Lavish floats of gods and goddesses are built to parade into the theatre where the wedding celebration will take place, with Philip named a god in addition to the Twelve Olympians. Feeling on top of the world, Philip decides to enter the stadium without his guards.
As Pausanias helps Philip from his horse, he stabs the king, then is cut down himself by other guardsmen. Everyone in the crowd, except Olympias, panics and flees the theatre. It is hinted that she and Antipatros may have been privy to the assassination. The float holding Aphrodite, goddess of love, is toppled in the panic. Alexander takes control of the guard, setting himself in position to claim the throne by the next novel in the series, The Persian Boy.
Literary significance and criticism
The novel has been criticised as an overly romanticised and sanitised portrait of Alexander, who is shown as exceptionally athletic, beautiful, charismatic, and talented, as well as relatively compassionate for his time.
Renault's portrayal of Alexander's society, however, has been noted for its historical accuracy and sound scholarship in "dealing realistically but unsensationally with the life and mores of the Hellenic world..." Gene Lyons noted in the New York Times Book Review, that, "As a historical novelist writing about the ancient world, Mary Renault has few peers."
Fire From Heaven was followed by two sequels, The Persian Boy (1972), dealing with Alexander's conquest of the Persian Empire, and Funeral Games (1981), depicting the consequences of his death.
Renault's portrayal of the demagogue Demosthenes has been observed to be unusually unsympathetic. Typically regarded as one of the great Athenian orators, Renault's Demosthenes is cowardly, self-interested and vengeful.
Renault is sometimes criticised for writing female characters who are either helpless or ruthless, or both. Daniel Mendelsohn said that both her "contemporary and the Greek novels feature unsettling depictions of bad marriages and, particularly, of nightmarishly passive-aggressive wives and mothers." Renault's unsympathetic mother characters have attracted particular attention. In this respect Fire from Heaven is typical. The two major female characters are Kleopatra (Alexander's sister) and Queen Olympias (Alexander's mother). Kleopatra's role is largely passive: Alexander has affection for her, but is not influenced by her, and Kleopatra has little control over her future - although Renault has Kleopatra feel frustration at how little control over her life she has in comparison to Alexander. Queen Olympias is more active, a power player at the Macedonian court and in Alexander's life, but a markedly unsympathetic character: an affectionate mother to Alexander, but manipulative, unstable, and - through her enthusiastic participation in Dionysiac ritual as imagined by Renault - homicidal.
Daniel Mendelsohn praises Mary Renault's transliteration of proper Greek names with 'k' rather than 'c' - Kleopatra, Boukephalas - as a stylistic choice which makes her writing more closely resemble ancient Greek script. He writes that it 'gives her pages just the right, spiky Greek look. As a result of this minute attention to stylistic detail, the novels can give the impression of having been translated from some lost Greek original.'
References
Novels by Mary Renault
Cultural depictions of Alexander the Great
British LGBT novels
Novels set in ancient Greece
Novels with bisexual themes
1969 British novels
Pantheon Books books
Novels about royalty
Novels set in the 4th century BC
1960s LGBT novels
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20from%20Heaven
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Wave in Head is a one-man German synthpop music project, which was founded in 1993 in Magdeburg, Germany. His name is Michael Pohl.
The first musical activities have been nothing more than a hobby, when he started, to make some noises with his first sampler, the Ensoniq ASR-10. The style walks between skittering bass lines, well balanced bleeps, a catchy sing-along chorus and fancy, synth styled vocals. An interesting feature is that some lyrics are written in German as in the singles "Zeit zu leben", "Als Ob", "Ich denke nicht" and "Ist sie schön".
History
In 1999, the project has reached a state of development that allowed production of a first CD, the "rarely" EP. It was distributed through the internet and had got very positive and enthusiastic reviews by several E-zines. The subsequent CD "Criminal Ballad" was not published, because it was made for promotion purposes only, and the debut album was in production yet. In winter 2000 Wave in Head performed live for the first time in Berlin and several record labels offered their cooperation.
Since the beginning of 2001, Wave in Head is signed to A Different Drum and released the debut album, "Time to speak" there, as well as the singles "progress" and "I began to hope" and stayed on the best selling chart for over 10 weeks.
Wave In Head also donated a song to the New Order tribute album "True Faith", covering "Blue Monday".
In 2005 the band released "For a Special Moment plus the MCD "I hate to be in love"
After a longer break WAVE IN HEAD released a 4th album - "The Voice in Me" plus a digital single with the same name in 2010.
2012 was the year of the release of another album. "Remixed" was a mix of unreleased, new and rare, remixed tracks. Due to the falling meaning of real CDs it was available as limited edition CD (500 copies) and digitally as well as the successor „Im Augenblick“ another album with all new songs.
Until 2013 Wave In Head has released all of his albums, (except for the self-produced EP Rarely), through the label, A Different Drum based in Salt Lake City. Meanwhile, all albums and singles are available thru CDBaby.com, I-Tunes, Amazon, Spotyfi and 2500 other online shops all over the world.
2022 starts with news about another full-length album - „Happiest Day“. Release date: 02/22/2022. Despite of the worldwide trend towards music streaming the German label IntraPOP produces a limited CD edition which is distributed by Pop-o-Naut.
YouTube video featuring "The Voice in Me" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugTVhg9EcuU
Discography
1999 - Rarely - EP (self-distribution)
2000 - Criminal Ballad - promo album (self-distribution)
2001 - Time to Speak - debut album (A different Drum)
2001 - Progress - MCD (A Different Drum)
2001 - I Just Began to Hope - MCD (A Different Drum)
2002 - You - album (A Different Drum)
2002 - With You - MCD (A Different Drum)
2005 - For a Special Moment - album (A Different Drum)
2005 - I Hate to Be In Love - MCD (A Different Drum)
2010 - The Voice in Me - album (A Different Drum)
2010 - The Voice in Me - MCD (A Different Drum)
2012 - Remixed - album (A Different Drum)
2013 - Im Augenblick - album (A Different Drum)
2022 - Happiest Day - album (Intrapop)
External links
WAVE IN HEAD Homepage
WAVE IN HEAD Fansite
WAVE IN HEAD facebook site
WAVE IN HEAD Soundcloud site
German synthpop groups
Musical groups established in 1993
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%20in%20Head
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Pandanaceae is a family of flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics of the Old World, from West Africa through the Pacific. It contains 982 known species in five genera, of which the type genus, Pandanus, is the most important, with species like Pandanus amaryllifolius and karuka (Pandanus julianettii) being important sources of food. The family likely originated during the Late Cretaceous.
Characteristics
Pandanaceae includes trees, shrubs, lianas, vines, epiphytes, and perennial herbs. Stems may be simple or bifurcately branched, and may have aerial prop roots. The stems bear prominent leaf scars. The leaves are very long and narrow, sheathing, simple, undivided, with parallel veins; the leaf margins and abaxial midribs are often prickly.
The plants are dioecious. The inflorescences are terminally borne racemes, spikes or umbels, with subtended spathes, which may be brightly colored. The flowers are minute and lack perianths. Male flowers contain numerous stamens with free or fused filaments. Female flowers have a superior ovary, usually of many carpels in a ring, but may be reduced to a row of carpels or a single carpel. Fruits are berries or drupes, usually multiple.
Pandanaceae includes five genera: Benstonea, Freycinetia, Martellidendron, Pandanus, and Sararanga. Benstonea (as subgenus "Acrostigma") and Martellidendron were formerly considered subgenera of Pandanus, but were recognized as distinct genera based on DNA sequencing.
Uses
Particular species of Pandanus are used to make mats (e.g. Central Africa) or in food products (e.g. leaves as flavoring, or fruit in Southeast Asia).
References
Monocot families
Dioecious plants
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanaceae
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The cream wave (Scopula floslactata) is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Adrian Hardy Haworth in 1809. It is found in forest and woodland regions, feeding on grasses and small plants such as dandelion.
Distribution
It is a very common species in parts of France and central Europe. The range in the north extends to Scandinavia and Finland. The species is largely missing in southern Europe. There are isolated occurrences in southern Bulgaria and the Pyrenees). It extends east across the Palearctic from the Urals to the Russian Far East (Sakhalin) to Korea, north-eastern China and Japan.
Description
Scopula floslactata has a wingspan of about three centimetres. Colour and pattern are variable. The wings are creamy white to yellowish white. Across the forewings and hindwings, there are usually three jagged crosslines. Occasionally, there is a wavy line in the marginal field. The discal flecks are small and are often missing on the forewings, or very much blurred. In contrast, the discal flecks on the hindwings are almost always present. The fringes are sometimes also slightly darker than the ground colour. The males have small, feathered antennae.
It is similar to Scopula immutata, but distinguished by its less rounded forewings and less developed or absent black discal spot.
Biology
It has one generation per year, with adults taking flight from late May through early July.
The larvae feed on woodruff (Galium odoratum), dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), Lonicera xylosteum, Alnus glutinosa, Galium verum, Rumex acetosa, and Vicia sepium. They also eat dry leaves of poplars (Populus) and willow (Salix).
Subspecies
Scopula floslactata floslactata (Europe to China)
Scopula floslactata claudata Prout, 1913 (Japan, Korea, Russia: Primorye and South Kuriles)
References
External links
Cream wave at UKMoths
Lepiforum e.V.
Moths described in 1809
floslactata
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Taxa named by Adrian Hardy Haworth
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream%20wave
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Renfrew West and Inverclyde was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1983 to 1997.
The constituency was created out of, and merged back into, the West Renfrewshire constituency.
Boundaries
The Renfrew District electoral divisions of Bargarran and Gryffe, and the Inverclyde District wards of Cardwell Bay, Firth, Gourock, and Kilmacolm.
Members of Parliament
Politics and history of the constituency
Election results
Elections of the 1980s
Elections of the 1990s
References
Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1983
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1997
Politics of Renfrewshire
Politics of Inverclyde
Gourock
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renfrew%20West%20and%20Inverclyde%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29
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Ascheberg () is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
The neighbouring cities, towns and municipalities of Ascheberg are (clockwise, starting in the North) the city Münster, the town Drensteinfurt (District Warendorf), the city Hamm, the town Werne (District Unna, the municipalities Nordkirchen and Senden (both District Coesfeld)
Born in Ascheberg
Franz Falke (1909-1994), politician
Wolfgang Sandhowe (born 1953 in Ascheberg), soccer player, today football coach
Twin cities
Buggiano
References
Municipalities in North Rhine-Westphalia
Coesfeld (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascheberg
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Zacharias Heinesen (born 1936 in Tórshavn) is a Faroese painter. He is the son of the writer and artist William Heinesen.
He attended Myndlistaskóli Íslands in Reykjavik between 1957 and 1958. In 1959–1963 he attended the Royal Danish Academy of Art in Copenhagen. In 1962, he returned to Tórshavn and established a hilltop studio overlooking the city and harbour. His works include oil paintings, watercolour paintings, drawings, woodcuts, lithographs and paper collages.
Through the years he has held a number of exhibitions and his paintings are to be found in several museums, including his 1987 painting Vár depicting a Faroese village in spring, which can be seen in the Listasavn Føroya (National Art Gallery) in Torshavn. In 1986 he was awarded the Henry Heerup prize.
His paintings were featured on a series of stamps in June 2001:
His work can also be seen on the 200 Faroese kronur bank note issues in 2004.
In 2006 he was honoured with the Faroese Cultural Prize.
See also
Faroese art
References
External links
The Faroe Islands National Art Museum-Zacharias Heinesen
Living people
1936 births
Faroese painters
Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts alumni
People from Tórshavn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zacharias%20Heinesen
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The chakravala method () is a cyclic algorithm to solve indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation. It is commonly attributed to Bhāskara II, (c. 1114 – 1185 CE) although some attribute it to Jayadeva (c. 950 ~ 1000 CE). Jayadeva pointed out that Brahmagupta's approach to solving equations of this type could be generalized, and he then described this general method, which was later refined by Bhāskara II in his Bijaganita treatise. He called it the Chakravala method: chakra meaning "wheel" in Sanskrit, a reference to the cyclic nature of the algorithm. C.-O. Selenius held that no European performances at the time of Bhāskara, nor much later, exceeded its marvellous height of mathematical complexity.
This method is also known as the cyclic method and contains traces of mathematical induction.
History
Chakra in Sanskrit means cycle. As per popular legend, Chakravala indicates a mythical range of mountains which orbits around the Earth like a wall and not limited by light and darkness.
Brahmagupta in 628 CE studied indeterminate quadratic equations, including Pell's equation
for minimum integers x and y. Brahmagupta could solve it for several N, but not all.
Jayadeva (9th century) and Bhaskara (12th century) offered the first complete solution to the equation, using the chakravala method to find for the solution
This case was notorious for its difficulty, and was first solved in Europe by Brouncker in 1657–58 in response to a challenge by Fermat, using continued fractions. A method for the general problem was first completely described rigorously by Lagrange in 1766. Lagrange's method, however, requires the calculation of 21 successive convergents of the continued fraction for the square root of 61, while the chakravala method is much simpler. Selenius, in his assessment of the chakravala method, states
"The method represents a best approximation algorithm of minimal length that, owing to several minimization properties, with minimal effort and avoiding large numbers automatically produces the best solutions to the equation. The chakravala method anticipated the European methods by more than a thousand years. But no European performances in the whole field of algebra at a time much later than Bhaskara's, nay nearly equal up to our times, equalled the marvellous complexity and ingenuity of chakravala."
Hermann Hankel calls the chakravala method
"the finest thing achieved in the theory of numbers before Lagrange."
The method
From Brahmagupta's identity, we observe that for given N,
For the equation , this allows the "composition" (samāsa) of two solution triples and into a new triple
In the general method, the main idea is that any triple (that is, one which satisfies ) can be composed with the trivial triple to get the new triple for any m. Assuming we started with a triple for which , this can be scaled down by k (this is Bhaskara's lemma):
Since the signs inside the squares do not matter, the following substitutions are possible:
When a positive integer m is chosen so that (a + bm)/k is an integer, so are the other two numbers in the triple. Among such m, the method chooses one that minimizes the absolute value of m2 − N and hence that of (m2 − N)/k. Then the substitution relations are applied for m equal to the chosen value. This results in a new triple (a, b, k). The process is repeated until a triple with is found. This method always terminates with a solution (proved by Lagrange in 1768).
Optionally, we can stop when k is ±1, ±2, or ±4, as Brahmagupta's approach gives a solution for those cases.
Brahmagupta's composition method
In AD 628, Brahmagupta discovered a general way to find and of when given , when k is ±1, ±2, or ±4.
k = ±1
Using Brahmagupta's identity to compose the triple with itself:
The new triple can be expressed as .
Substituting gives a solution:
For , the original was already a solution. Substituting yields a second:
k = ±2
Again using the equation,
Substituting ,
Substituting ,
k = 4
Substituting into the equation creates the triple .
Which is a solution if is even:
If a is odd, start with the equations and .
Leading to the triples and . Composing the triples gives
When is odd,
k = -4
When , then . Composing with itself yields .
Again composing itself yields
Finally, from the earlier equations, compose the triples and , to get
.
This give us the solutions
(Note, is useful to find a solution to Pell's Equation, but it is not always the smallest integer pair. e.g. . The equation will give you , which when put into Pell's Equation yields , which works, but so does for .
Examples
n = 61
The n = 61 case (determining an integer solution satisfying ), issued as a challenge by Fermat many centuries later, was given by Bhaskara as an example.
We start with a solution for any k found by any means. In this case we can let b be 1, thus, since , we have the triple . Composing it with gives the triple , which is scaled down (or Bhaskara's lemma is directly used) to get:
For 3 to divide and to be minimal, we choose , so that we have the triple . Now that k is −4, we can use Brahmagupta's idea: it can be scaled down to the rational solution , which composed with itself three times, with respectively, when k becomes square and scaling can be applied, this gives . Finally, such procedure can be repeated until the solution is found (requiring 9 additional self-compositions and 4 additional square-scalings): . This is the minimal integer solution.
n = 67
Suppose we are to solve for x and y.
We start with a solution for any k found by any means; in this case we can let b be 1, thus producing . At each step, we find an m > 0 such that k divides a + bm, and |m2 − 67| is minimal. We then update a, b, and k to and respectively.
First iteration
We have . We want a positive integer m such that k divides a + bm, i.e. 3 divides 8 + m, and |m2 − 67| is minimal. The first condition implies that m is of the form 3t + 1 (i.e. 1, 4, 7, 10,… etc.), and among such m, the minimal value is attained for m = 7. Replacing (a, b, k) with , we get the new values . That is, we have the new solution:
At this point, one round of the cyclic algorithm is complete.
Second iteration
We now repeat the process. We have . We want an m > 0 such that k divides a + bm, i.e. 6 divides 41 + 5m, and |m2 − 67| is minimal. The first condition implies that m is of the form 6t + 5 (i.e. 5, 11, 17,… etc.), and among such m, |m2 − 67| is minimal for m = 5. This leads to the new solution a = (41⋅5 + 67⋅5)/6, etc.:
Third iteration
For 7 to divide 90 + 11m, we must have m = 2 + 7t (i.e. 2, 9, 16,… etc.) and among such m, we pick m = 9.
Final solution
At this point, we could continue with the cyclic method (and it would end, after seven iterations), but since the right-hand side is among ±1, ±2, ±4, we can also use Brahmagupta's observation directly. Composing the triple (221, 27, −2) with itself, we get
that is, we have the integer solution:
This equation approximates as to within a margin of about .
Notes
References
Florian Cajori (1918), Origin of the Name "Mathematical Induction", The American Mathematical Monthly 25 (5), p. 197-201.
George Gheverghese Joseph, The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics (1975).
G. R. Kaye, "Indian Mathematics", Isis 2:2 (1919), p. 326–356.
Clas-Olaf Selenius, "Rationale of the chakravala process of Jayadeva and Bhaskara II", Historia Mathematica 2 (1975), pp. 167–184.
Clas-Olaf Selenius, "Kettenbruchtheoretische Erklärung der zyklischen Methode zur Lösung der Bhaskara-Pell-Gleichung", Acta Acad. Abo. Math. Phys. 23 (10) (1963), pp. 1–44.
Hoiberg, Dale & Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India. Mumbai: Popular Prakashan.
Goonatilake, Susantha (1998). Toward a Global Science: Mining Civilizational Knowledge. Indiana: Indiana University Press. .
Kumar, Narendra (2004). Science in Ancient India. Delhi: Anmol Publications Pvt Ltd.
Ploker, Kim (2007) "Mathematics in India". The Mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam: A Sourcebook New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
External links
Introduction to chakravala
Brahmagupta
Diophantine equations
Number theoretic algorithms
Indian mathematics
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chakravala%20method
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Havixbeck (Westphalian: Havkesbierk or Havkesbieck) is a municipality situated on the north-east edge of the Baumberge in the district of Coesfeld, in northern North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 15 km west of Münster.
Geography
Geographical Location
Havixbeck is located on the fringes of the Baumberge, with 187 m the highest elevations of the Münsterland. West of the town emanates the spring of Münstersche Aa which, after passing Münster, converges in the Ems River near Greven.
Adjacent municipalities
Havixbeck borders (clockwise, starting north) on Altenberge (District of Steinfurt), the city of Münster, as well as Senden, Nottuln and Billerbeck (District of Coesfeld).
Division of the town
The district of Hohenholte has a population of about 1,000 residents. In the parish church of St. George, a former monastery church, there is a crucifixion relief from the period around 1530/40 as well as the epitaph of the prioress Richmond Warendorp († 1503), both created by the sculptor Johann Brabender from Münster.
Politics
Local council
Elections in 2014:
CDU: 41,8%
SPD: 26,3%
Greens: 23,3%
FDP: 8,6%
Results of local elections since 1975
In the list, only political parties that received at least 2.95% of the votes in the election are listed:
Twin cities
Havixbeck is twinned with the following places:
Bellegarde (Loiret), France
Bestensee near Berlin, Brandenburg
Economics and infrastructure
The economy in Havixbeck consists mainly of small and medium-sized enterprises, mainly located in two major industrial areas.
Transportation
The road network is excellent, there are good connections to Münster, as well as to the two nearby highways A1 and A43. Havixbeck is located at the railroadtrack between Münster and Coesfeld operating hourly. The travel times is approx. 17 minutes to Münster and 22 to Coesfeld.
Public Facilities
With a little distance outside Havixbeck there is the Stift Tilbeck which offers housing and employment for people with disabilities.
Education
Baumberge-Schule (Catholic elementary school)
Anne-Frank comprehensive school
Music school (in sponsorship of Jugendorchester Havixbeck e.V.)
Adult education centre (in cooperation with Dülmen and Haltern)
History
The German poet Annette von Droste-Hülshoff was born in the Havixbeck castlet Burg Hülshoff in 1797, where a museum with a retrospective of her work is open to the public.
References
Coesfeld (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havixbeck
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The Great House at Sonning (formerly the White Hart public house) is a hotel and restaurant with a riverside garden on the River Thames near Sonning Bridge at Sonning, Berkshire, England. It is possible for patrons to moor along the towpath running past the hotel on the river.
It was formerly a public house, known as the White Hart because King Richard II's wife, Isabella of Valois was kept prisoner at the Bishop's Palace in the village after his death and his badge was a White Hart. In 1989, the original White Hart was combined with The Red House, previously a private home on Lee's Hill where the dramatist Sir Terence Rattigan resided during 1945–47, to become The Great House.
About 150 metres East on the opposite side of the B478 road are Deanery Garden and St Andrew's Church. Close by, just over Sonning Bridge, is The Mill at Sonning, now a dinner theatre. On the opposite Oxfordshire bank of the Thames is another riverside hotel and restaurant, the French Horn.
Patrons have included Amal and George Clooney. The Clooneys bought the nearby Mill House in Sonning Eye in 2014.
See also
The Bull at Sonning
References
External links
Hotels established in 1989
Hotels in Berkshire
Restaurants in Berkshire
Pubs in Berkshire
Buildings and structures on the River Thames
Sonning
Former pubs in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20House%20at%20Sonning
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Third Ear Band was the second album by the Third Ear Band, released in 1970. It consists of four improvised pieces, "Air", "Earth", "Fire", and "Water", and is therefore sometimes known as "Elements".
Track listing
All compositions by Coff, Minns, Smith and Sweeney.
"Air" – 10:30
"Earth" – 9:53
"Fire" – 9:19
"Water" – 7:04
Personnel
Paul Minns – oboe
Glen Sweeney – percussion
Ursula Smith – cello
Richard Coff – violin and viola
References
1970 albums
Third Ear Band albums
Harvest Records albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20Ear%20Band%20%28album%29
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Stephen Walsh (26 August 1859 – 16 March 1929) was a British miner, trade unionist and Labour Party politician.
Background
Born in Liverpool, Walsh became an orphan at a very young age. He was educated at an industrial school in the Kirkdale area of the city, leaving school aged 13 to work in a coalmine in Ashton in Makerfield.
Political career
Walsh was an official of the Lancashire and Cheshire Miners' Federation before he was elected to parliament for Ince in the 1906 general election. Later that year he attacked the idea that an MP needed an Oxbridge education further adding that: "To use an arithmetical metaphor, the Labour party had reduced the points of difference among the working classes to the lowest common denominator, and had promoted and developed the greatest common measure of united action".
Walsh was a member of David Lloyd George's Coalition Government as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of National Service in 1917 and as Parliamentary Secretary to the Local Government Board from 1917 to 1919.
Walsh stood in the 1918 election as a Coalition Labour candidate opposed by the official Labour Party. He was vice-president of National Union of Mineworkers from 1922 to 1924 until he was appointed Secretary of State for War by Ramsay MacDonald in January 1924, a post he held until the government fell in November of the same year. He was sworn of the Privy Council in January 1924.
Family
One of Walsh's sons died in World War I. Walsh himself died in March 1929, aged 69.
References
External links
Stephen Walsh at Spartacus Educational
Stephen Walsh at Hansard
1859 births
1929 deaths
English miners
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Miners' Federation of Great Britain-sponsored MPs
People from Ashton-in-Makerfield
UK MPs 1906–1910
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
UK MPs 1918–1922
UK MPs 1922–1923
UK MPs 1923–1924
UK MPs 1924–1929
Vice Presidents of the National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Walsh%20%28politician%29
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Human rights in Islam may refer to:
Human Rights in Islam (book), a 1976 book by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami
Human rights in Islam (speech), a 1987 speech by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei
See also
Human rights in Islamic countries
The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
Arab Charter on Human Rights
Pact of Umar
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20rights%20in%20Islam
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Toxicodendron pubescens (syn. Rhus pubescens), commonly known as Atlantic poison oak, is an upright shrub that can grow to 1 metre (3 feet) tall. Its leaves are 15 centimetres (6 inches) long, alternate, with three leaflets on each. The leaflets are usually hairy and are variable in size and shape, but most often resemble white oak leaves; they usually turn yellow or orange in autumn. The fruit is small, round, and yellowish or greenish. It is not closely related to true oaks.
Distribution and habitat
This species is native to the Southeastern United States from Virginia westward to Texas and Oklahoma.
Atlantic poison oak can be found growing in forests, thickets, and dry, sandy fields.
Toxicity
All parts of this plant contain urushiol, which can cause severe dermatitis in sensitive individuals. The risk of exposure may be reduced by learning to recognize and avoid this species and wearing clothing that covers the legs and arms. Contaminated clothing should be laundered before subsequent handling or use.
Effects of poison oak are similar to those of poison ivy. It first causes severe itching, evolves into inflammation, non-colored bumps, and then blistering when scratched.
See also
Poison sumac
Western poison oak
References
External links
All about Eastern Poison Oak
pubescens
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Flora of the United States
Plants described in 1768
Taxa named by Philip Miller
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicodendron%20pubescens
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Rosendahl is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately north-west of Coesfeld.
In this municipality is located the Castle of Darfeld, internationally famous for having been the residence of Mary of the Divine Heart (1863–1899), the Countess Droste zu Vischering who became Sister of the Good Shepherd and received several revelations from God. She is best known for influencing Pope Leo XIII to consecrate the world to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
References
Coesfeld (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosendahl
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Simon Langton Grammar School for Boys (also known as The Langton Grammar School for Boys and simply referred to as The Langton) is an 11–18 foundation grammar school for boys and mixed sixth form in Canterbury, Kent, England. It was established in 1881.
History
Foundation
The school was founded along with its sister school in 1881, succeeding the Blue Coat Boys' School housed at the Poor Priest's Hospital in order to provide better education for the lower proportion of the Middle Class. The schools were originally called the Canterbury Middle Schools, but in order to dispel the impression that the schools were socially exclusive (the pair were often collectively known as the "middle class school"), they were renamed in 1887 after Simon Langton, Archdeacon of Canterbury (previously the Archbishop of York, for a short period in 1215), who, after his death in 1248, had left behind endowments to the Poor Priest's Hospital (which were later bequeathed to the Simon Langton schools).
The school was initially built on the site of what is now the Whitefriar's Shopping Centre in central Canterbury. The buildings were built of red brick, dressed with Bath stone, the construction of which cost approximately £3000, and the design was simple with little decoration.
Uniform and traditions
The first piece of uniform was introduced in 1887; a straw hat with a black and yellow band and a separate cap for the winter months. However, by 1927 the black and yellow design was fairly widely replicated by other schools and so was replaced by a red, blue and gold blazer and hat with a coloured button on the crown to signify the wearer's House. The current uniform is a maroon and blue blazer, red, yellow and blue tie, and formal white shirt with black or grey trousers and black shoes.
By 1900, the school had a range of traditions. On 24 May, Queen Victoria's birthday, Empire Day was celebrated by a parade and the raising of the Union Flag in the playground, a speech by the headmaster, and a holiday. At the end of each Christmas term, boys would put on an "Entertainment", and over the Christmas holidays they would be expected to read a classic set by the headmaster.
The first Annual Commemoration Service was held in July 1911, and has continued since, being interrupted only during wartime and the COVID-19 pandemic.
Relation to religion
The fact that the school could not be denominational was established as early as 1876 by George Blore, headmaster of The King's School, who reasoned that it was not part of the foundation of the cathedral and had neither the original grant of Elizabeth I nor the act of George II.
In a letter to The Guardian in 1906, the school was described by David Dorrity, who was the rector of St Ann's Church, Manchester, as a secondary school that "is made use of by all who can afford to pay the fees to the denominational schools".
He also appears to quote from the school's prospectus of the time:
Religious instruction is given, but is restricted to lessons from the Bible, and exemption from this instruction or from attendance at prayers may be claimed on written notice being given to the head master.
First and Second World Wars
Around four hundred boys from the Boys' School served in the Great War and 98 were killed in action; an unusually high ratio given the national statistics. The school's house system is in memory of those Langtonians who gave their lives on the Western and Eastern fronts and further afield. During World War I, the Simon Langton schools were used by the military. The "New Wing" of Simon Langton Boys was adopted by the South East Mounted Rifles, who transformed the playground into a parade ground, and the playing fields were put to use by the army.
In the Second World War, the school was at first used as a reception centre for evacuees from London and the Medway towns; both staff and senior students helped to billet and feed the influx of children. The school was badly damaged in an air raid on the night of 1 June 1942 but continued on the Whitefriars site until it was relocated at its current site at Nackington in November 1959.
Recent developments
In 2006, Simon Scarrow took up the newly formed position of writer in residence at SLBS, a position he said he was "honoured to accept". In 2011, the school became one of the first school sites to utilise the kinetic energy from the students' walking over pressure pads in a corridor with Pavegen systems technology that converts the energy from footsteps into electricity.
In November 2016, the school was at the centre of a controversy after the right-wing political activist and alumnus of the school, Milo Yiannopoulos, was invited to speak to the school's Langton Liberal Arts Society on the election of Donald Trump as President of the United States. On the advice of the Department for Education's Counter Extremism Unit, the school withdrew the invitation, resulting in Yiannopoulos stating the school had given in to bullying. Joanna Williams, education editor at libertarian online magazine Spiked, wrote on The Spectator magazine website that "banning him sends the message to six-formers the way to deal with ideas they find politically distasteful 'is to howl in protest and insist they go away'".
In November 2017, the school was involved in a new controversy over the promotion of right wing politics after the development of a course specifically designed as "an antidote to the poison of political correctness" by teaching "the most beautifully disturbed and disturbing ideas". After receiving criticisms from pupils, parents and the MP for Canterbury, headteacher Ken Moffat responded by saying: "There is no rightwing agenda in the school".
Academic performance
The school achieved dual specialisms in science and mathematics. The CERN Courier described the school as "one of the most active in implementing innovative ways of teaching science in the UK".
Langton Star Centre
The Langton Star Centre is an organisation led by Tim Lesworth that supports research groups of students involved in cutting-edge scientific research, the principal aim of which is to "increase interest in science and engineering amongst post-16 school students such that they move on to study these subjects at university and take up careers in science and engineering." Projects run by the centre include the CERN@school project, the LUCID project (both in collaboration with CERN), the Imperial College plasma physics project, the Faulkes Telescope Project, and MBP2 (Myelin Basic Protein Project) with the help of the University of Kent in support of the Wellcome Trust.
Channel 4 news stated that its "boys have gone well beyond the curriculum to take part in cutting-edge scientific experiments; plasma physics, space satellites and medical research", and had "outwitted NASA" with the LUCID project.
Notable alumni
The school has been linked with the music of the Canterbury scene as founding members of The Wilde Flowers, Caravan and Soft Machine were alumni. Ian MacDonald was quoted in 1975 to have described the school as "an exclusive, private establishment for the sons of local intellectuals and artists. Very free, emphatically geared to the uninhibited development of self-expression. A hot-bed to teenage avant-garderie."
Headmasters
G. H. Nelson (1881–1884)
W. P. Mann (1884–1908)
J. H. Sharp (1908–1925)
L. W. Myers (1926–1954)
D. C. H. Rieu (1955–1977)
J. M.K. Harris (1977–2001)
M. N. F. Baxter (2001–2017), executive headteacher (2017–2019)
K. A. Moffat (2017–present)
References
External links
Schools in Canterbury
Foundation schools in Kent
Grammar schools in Kent
Boys' schools in Kent
Buildings and structures in the United Kingdom destroyed during World War II
Educational institutions established in 1881
1881 establishments in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Langton%20Grammar%20School%20for%20Boys
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Anona is a place in Jipijapa, Manabí Province, Ecuador, South America.
References
Populated places in Manabí Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anona%2C%20Ecuador
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Clan Davidson is a Highland Scottish clan and a member of the Chattan Confederation.
History
Origins
There are several versions of Clan Davidson's origins.
According to William Skene, in his Celtic Scotland, Clan Davidson co-founded the Chattan Confederation with Clan MacPherson and are together referred to as Old Clan Chattan. Skene used sources that show the Davidsons to be descended from one of the sons of Gilliecattan Mhor, chief of Clan Chattan in the 11th to 12th century.
According to Sir Aeneas Macpherson, John Burk, and William Anderson, the Davidsons are descended from the younger son of Muriach. Muriach (or Murdoch) was parson of Kingussie and became Captain of Clan Chatten on his brother's death. He obtained a dispensation from the Pope in 1173 and married a daughter of the Thane of Cawdor. From this union five sons were born, one of the youngest being David Dow (the black). Burk says he was the 5th son, Anderson the 4th. From here the Davidsons of Invernahavon are said to be descended.
According to the Kinrara manuscript the Davidsons are descended from David Dubh of Clan Cumming. The first chief of Clan Davidson was David, son in law of Slane Mackintosh who was wed to a daughter of the sixth chief of Clan Mackintosh, who was also chief of the Chattan Confederation. David's father was Donald, the third son of Robert Comyn who in turn was a grandson of John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, chief of the Clan Comyn. David and his followers became known as the Clan Dhai because the Comyn name had been proscribed in 1320, although Thomas Comyn or Cumming, son of Donald's elder brother was exempted from the prescription and gave rise to the Cummings of Altyre.
14th to 15th centuries
The Clan Davidson or Clan Dhai are recorded as being wiped out as a fighting force in 1370 at the Battle of Invernahavon, which was fought between the Chattan Confederation and the Clan Cameron. There was a dispute between the Davidsons and another clan of the Chattan Confederation, the Clan Macpherson, over who would command the right wing in the battle. The Mackintoshes, chiefs of the confederation supported the Davidsons and as a result the Macphersons left the field. The Clan Cameron took advantage of this situation and the Davidsons were virtually destroyed. However the Macphersons did eventually join the battle and the Camerons were defeated.
In 1396 the Battle of the North Inch took place, in which most evidence suggests was fought between the Clan Cameron and Clan Chattan, the latter whose forces included both the Davidsons and Macphersons. Although Lowland accounts suggest that it was fought between the rival Davidson and Macpherson clans. After the battle of the North Inch the chief of Clan Davidson is said to have moved north from where the Davidson of Cantray and Tulloch families appeared.
16th, 17th and 18th centuries
By the 16th century the name Davidson could be found from Ayr in the south to Aberdeen in the north. The first Davidsons recorded in Cromarty were Donald Davidson and Alexander Davidson who were living in the new town of Cromarty and who are listed as "in the council" in July 1670. Another Alexander Davidson who was known as Clerk Davidson was the town clerk of Fortrose. He married Elizabeth Bremmer, second daughter of a burgess of Fortrose in November 1689. From Alexander descended the Davidson Lairds of Tulloch Castle who became chiefs of the clan.
In the 18th century members of the Clan Chattan Confederation, including many Davidsons, were convicted of Jacobitism and transported to the North American colonies.
American Revolutionary War
Many of these Jacobite convicts upon gaining their freedom settled in the Piedmont Mountains of North Carolina and raised families, leading the British by the time of the American Revolution to declare the area a Hornet's Nest of rebels.
Notable amongst the many Davidsons fighting the American Revolutionary War was Brigadier General William Lee Davidson (1746–1781), a North Carolina militia general during the American Revolutionary War who was killed in action at the battle of Cowan's Ford.
Clan seat and relics
Tulloch Castle became the seat of the chiefs of Clan Davidson in the 18th century and it was extensively restored by Robert Lorimer in 1922. The castle was later sold by the Davidsons but remains a focal point for Davidson traditions. A Davidson clan relic preserved by the local City Council is a suit of armour that is said to have been worn by the Davidson Provost of Aberdeen who was killed at the Battle of Harlaw in 1411. The Clan Davidson Association was formed (as the Clan Dhai Association) in 1909 and is still very active.
Clan chiefs
Duncan VI of Tulloch, Deceased 1917
1917-1997 vacant and disputed
Duncan Davidson of Davidston, New Zealand, 1997-1997
Alister Davidson of Davidston, New Zealand, 1998-2014
Grant Guthrie Davidson 3rd of Davidston, New Zealand, 2015–
See also
Chattan Confederation
Scottish clan
Davidson (name)
Day (surname)
References
External links
Clan Davidson Association
Clan Davidson Society in Australia, Inc.
Clan Davidson Society North America
Clan Davidson, Electric Scotland
Davidson family in France
Clan Piper
Davidson
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clan%20Davidson
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Varberg Fortress () is a former fortification in Varberg, Halland County, Sweden, which currently serves as a museum.
History
Varberg Fortress was built in 1287-1300 by Count Jacob Nielsen as protection against Eric VI of Denmark, who had declared him an outlaw after the murder of his father King Eric V of Denmark. Jacob had close connections with King Eric II of Norway and as a result got substantial Norwegian assistance with the construction. The fortress, as well as half the county, became Norwegian in 1305. In the fourteenth century the fortress was expanded to include a castle.
King Erik's grand daughter, Ingeborg Håkansdotter, inherited the area from her father, King Haakon V of Norway. She and her husband, Erik, Duke of Södermanland, established a semi-independent state out of their Norwegian, Swedish and Danish counties until the death of Erik. They spent considerable time at the fortress. Their son, King Magnus IV of Sweden (Magnus VII of Norway), spent much time at the fortress as well.
Varberg was besieged multiple times in the 16th century. Much of the original structure was destroyed as a result. The fortress was augmented during the late 16th and early 17th century on order by King Christian IV of Denmark. However, after the Treaty of Brömsebro in 1645 the fortress became Swedish. It was used as a military installation until 1830 and as a prison from the end of the 17th Century until 1931.
It is currently used as a museum and has a couple of notable pieces on permanent exhibit: Bocksten Man with the only complete clothing from the 1300s known to have been worn by a single individual, and the button that supposedly killed Charles XII of Sweden. The fort also houses a bed and breakfast as well as private accommodation. The moat of the fortress is said to be inhabited by a small lake monster. In August 2006, a couple of witnesses claimed to have seen the monster emerge from the dark water and devour a duck. The creature is described as brown, furless and with a 40 cm long tail.
References
Other sources
Demitz, Jacob Truedson (1996) Throne of a Thousand Years (Los Angeles: Ristesson Ent)
External links
Varberg County Museum
Varberg history
Varbergs fästnings historia
Buildings and structures in Varberg
Castles in Halland County
Forts in Sweden
Listed buildings in Sweden
Water monsters
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varberg%20Fortress
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Nasrollah Abdollahi (, born 2 September 1951 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian football coach and former player.
Playing career
Club career
Abdollahi played for Guard F.C. before he changed to Taj SC. There he could win the Iranian league in 1971 as well as the second place in 1974. Also he won AFC Champions League 1970 with Taj SC. in 1970
After playing for Rah Ahan F.C. for two years he joined Shahbaz F.C., where he played many successful years reaching the third place in the Iranian league in 1976/77 and winning the Tehran Cup in 1981.
International career
Abdollahi participated in 1976 Olympics in Montreal, when Iran reached the quarterfinals. He also played all three matches of Team Melli at the 1978 World Cup. Abdollahi was capped 39 times for the Iranian national team between 1976 and 1980; he won the 1976 Asian Cup in Iran and captained the team to third place in the 1980 Asian Cup in Kuwait.
Coaching career
For a brief period during Nasser Hejazi's time as Esteghlal F.C. manager, Abdollahi was the assistant manager.
References
External links
Iranian men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Iran men's international footballers
Rah Ahan Tehran F.C. players
Homa F.C. players
Esteghlal F.C. players
Shahin Tehran F.C. players
Esteghlal F.C. managers
1976 AFC Asian Cup players
1980 AFC Asian Cup players
Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
1978 FIFA World Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Footballers from Ahvaz
1951 births
Living people
Olympic footballers for Iran
Iranian football managers
Aluminium Arak F.C. managers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasrollah%20Abdollahi
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Senden is a municipality in the district of Coesfeld, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Geographic location
The municipality of Senden is situated in the east of the district of Coesfeld, approx. 15 km south-west of the city of Münster.
The river Stever and the Dortmund-Ems Canal are partially situated in the municipality of Senden.
Neighbouring municipalities
City:
Münster
Towns:
Dülmen
Lüdinghausen
Municipalities (villages):
Ascheberg
Havixbeck
Nordkirchen
Nottuln
Division of the municipality
The municipality of Senden consists of 4 villages:
Bösensell
Ottmarsbocholt
Senden
Venne
Special natural site
Near the village of Venne there is a famous marshland called Venner Moor. This nature reserve is situated near the Dortmund-Ems Canal and consists of some large swamps. Especially in spring and in fall the area shows its beautiful nature.
History
The first historical mentions of the villages of the municipality were as follows:
Senden in 890
Ottmarsbocholt in 980
Bösensell in 1148
Venne's in 1230
On January 1, 1975 these four formally autonomous municipalities became parts of the present municipality of Senden.
Politics
The major political party is the CDU (19 seats in the municipality council). Other parties in the council are the SPD (8 seats), Green Party (4 seats) and the FDP (3 seats). The mayor is Alfred Holz, who does not belong to a party but who is supported by the CDU and the SPD.
Transport
Near Bösensell there is an exit to the Autobahn A 43.
Two important bus lines serve the municipality. A local bus line connects the villages of Bösensell, Senden and Ottmarsbocholt. A high speed bus line, which connects Münster and Lüdinghausen via the A43 runs through Senden.
There is a small harbour at the Dortmund-Ems Canal.
The village of Bösensell has a railway station at the line between Münster and Essen.
Education
The municipality of Senden has seven schools:
Bösensell:
1 primary school
Ottmarsbocholt:
1 primary School
Senden:
2 primary schools
1 Hauptschule
1 Realschule
1 Gymnasium
References
External links
Website of Ottmarsbocholt
Coesfeld (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senden%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia
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Walter Welford (May 21, 1868 – June 28, 1952) was inaugurated as the 20th Governor of North Dakota on February 2, 1935, after Thomas H. Moodie was removed from office after it was determined he was ineligible to hold the office. He served until 1937, having lost the 1936 race to former governor William Langer.
Biography
Born in the North Yorkshire village of Bellerby on 21 May 1868, Welford moved with his family to Pembina, North Dakota, in 1879. A farmer, he also served as Vice President of the Merchants Bank of Pembina County. He was married to Edith Bachmann and they had one child who died in infancy.
Career
Welford served as township clerk at Pembina for twenty years. He also served in the North Dakota House of Representatives (1907 to 1911) and Senate (1917 to 1921). As Lieutenant Governor of North Dakota, Welford became governor after Thomas H. Moodie was disqualified. Welford was a staunch supporter of the Nonpartisan League (NPL), a farmers' political group. During Welford's administration the state was caught in the grip of the Great Depression. The 1936 crop yield was disastrously low because of drought. Welford met with President Franklin Roosevelt and obtained federal aid for drought-stricken farmers. In 1936, Welford decided to run for office again. He beat former Governor William Langer for the Republican gubernatorial nomination, but Langer refused to drop out, and entered the general election as an independent. Welford lost the three-way governor's election to Langer. (The third-place candidate was Democrat John Moses, who became North Dakota's twenty-second governor, following Langer's second term.)
Death
Welford died on June 28, 1952, at the age of 84 en route to a hospital in Altona, Manitoba after being stricken at his home in Pembina County. He is buried in Cavalier Cemetery, Cavalier, Pembina County, North Dakota US.
See also
List of U.S. state governors born outside the United States
References
External links
National Governors Association
Lieutenant Governors of North Dakota
Republican Party governors of North Dakota
1868 births
1952 deaths
Republican Party members of the North Dakota House of Representatives
Republican Party North Dakota state senators
Nonpartisan League state governors of the United States
20th-century American politicians
British emigrants to the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Welford
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RVA may refer to:
Régie des Voies Aériennes de la République Démocratique du Congo
Richmond, Virginia
RVA Magazine, an art, music and opinion magazine for Richmond, VA
Relative Virtual Address, a concept in the COFF format
Rift Valley Academy, a boarding school outside of Nairobi, Kenya
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVA
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Hassan Nazari (, born August 19, 1956, in Abadan, Iran) is a retired Iranian footballer. He usually played as a defender.
Playing career
Nazari began his career in his hometown of Abadan, playing for clubs like 'Sepah Abadan' and Sanat Naft. His good play got him a transfer to one of Iranian football's better teams, Taj. There he could win the Hazfi Cup in 1977.
By the time he was 19 he got his first call up to the national team. He was a starter at the 1976 Asian Cup in Tehran, which Iran won. He also participated in the football tournament at the 1976 Olympics where Iran progressed to the quarter-finals.
He played his last meaningful games for the national team at World Cup 1978 in Argentina. He finished his international career with 35 caps and 1 goal.
After the revolution in Iran, he settled for UAE and in particular Al-Ahli club of Dubai. Jointly with his national teammate, Hassan Roshan, they won the championship for Al Ahli in 1980.
He then moved to Qatar and played his last season of professional football. In 1985, he played for the Dallas Americans in the United Soccer League. In 1989, he played for the Richardson Rockets in the Southwest Independent Soccer League.
After retirement
After retiring, he moved to the United States where he was able to obtain his "A" coaching license. He also was involved with the Dallas Tornado. After a short time there he created the Dallas Texans Soccer Club, which is a very successful youth team. During this time he also married an American woman. He now lives with his wife and children in Dallas, Texas, and is the coaching director for the Dallas Texans Soccer Club, where he also coaches teams still. The club is often regarded as one of the best in the nation, often ranking #1. Several of the teams he has coached have gone on to win National Championships, the 87, 88, and 92 boys. Notable alumni Nazari has coached include Clint Dempsey, Omar Gonzalez, Nick Garcia and Lee Nguyen.
References
External links
Hassan Nazari at TeamMelli.com
Interview with Parsfootball.com, January 2005
Interview with LastKick.com, August 2007
sover.net
Dallas Americans players
Iranian men's footballers
Iran men's international footballers
Men's association football defenders
Esteghlal F.C. players
Shabab Al Ahli Club players
Sanat Naft Abadan F.C. players
1976 AFC Asian Cup players
1978 FIFA World Cup players
AFC Asian Cup-winning players
Iranian expatriate men's footballers
Footballers from Abadan, Iran
Dallas Rockets players
1956 births
Living people
United Soccer League (1984–85) players
USISL players
Olympic footballers for Iran
Footballers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
UAE Pro League players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan%20Nazari
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MacFormat is the UK's biggest computer magazine aimed at Macintosh users. It published 13 issues per year. It is published by Future plc, and has been since 1993.
Content
The main content of this magazine includes news from major Apple events such as the WWDC or the Macworld Expo, features, detailed tutorials and reviews of the latest accessories and apps. Until 2012, the magazine included a free cover disc filled with Mac software mentioned in the magazine. In previous years, MacFormat came with programs on a free 3½-inch (88.9 mm) Floppy disk, CD or CD/DVD option as reflected the state of cheap removable media in that era.
Editorial team
Editor: Rob Mead-Green
Managing Art Editor: Paul Blachford
Operations Editor: Jo Membery
References
External links
1993 establishments in the United Kingdom
Computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Macintosh magazines
Magazines established in 1993
Mass media in Bath, Somerset
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacFormat
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The North American blizzard of 2006 was a nor'easter that began on the evening of February 11, 2006. It dumped heavy snow across the Mid-Atlantic and New England states, from Virginia to Maine through the early evening of February 12, and ended in Atlantic Canada on February 13. The major cities from Baltimore to Boston received at least a foot of snow, with a second-highest amount of in New York City, the (at the time) most since at least 1869, the start of record keeping, only broken by the January 2016 United States blizzard nearly 10 years later.
Meteorological synopsis
Since the heaviest snow was confined to a fairly small, but very heavily populated area, the storm was only ranked as a low-end Category 3 (Major) on the new Northeast Snowfall Impact Scale, which takes into account the area and population affected, as well as snowfall accumulations. This indirectly also reflects the fact that casualties were extremely low and cleanup was fairly quick, even in the New York City area where the record snow amounts occurred. The main reasons for this are: A) The storm fell on a Sunday when many people can more easily stay home, B) the relatively small geographic area of extremely large snowfall, and C) Because the temperature was well below freezing throughout most of the storm, the snow was mostly dry and light in composition, as opposed to the wet and heavy snows that make some otherwise lesser storms much harder to clean up from and are more common at least in the coastal Northeast. Additionally, temperatures in the days after the storm were unseasonably warm in some spots (reaching the mid-50s °F in hard-hit New York City, and the mid 60s in DC) which helped melt the snow much more quickly than usual.
The storm system began developing on February 11 as a relatively minor system, bringing some snow along the southern Appalachian range. The low pressure center moved off-shore early February 12 before it began its rapid intensification. By early morning, snow began falling heavily, taking several forecasters by surprise who had expected about a foot of snow, at most, along the eastern fringes of the Atlantic seaboard. During the height of the storm on Sunday morning the 12th, thunder and lightning occurred as the snow fell.
The extreme intensification was partially the result of a fairly mild winter that kept water temperatures in the Atlantic a few degrees warmer than they normally are in February. The storm system's intensity led to snowfall accumulations upwards of in some localities.
In addition to the heavy snow, coastal flooding from storm surge was reported, particularly in Massachusetts. Storm surges have been recorded as high as in parts of New England.
The low pressure area began forming in the Southern states a few days prior to the Blizzard striking, eventually merging with a northern stream system. A trough on the East Coast brought the system up the coast, and cold high pressure to the north eventually slowed the system to a crawl. As the system completed bombing, or rapid decrease in central pressure (a common measure of the strength of a storm), mesoscale banding features (areas of significant snowfall associated with smaller scale physical phenomena) impinged on the entire I-95 Corridor.
The low pressure center was so deep that somewhat of an eye actually formed. Rarely do eyes form on storms other than hurricanes, and it is especially rare in extratropical cyclones. NASA took a satellite picture of the eye of the storm; the eye was located south and east of southern New Jersey in this picture.
Impact
Three casualties occurred as a result of the snow: in Virginia, a man died due to his truck sliding off a highway; in Baltimore, a person died in a house fire as a result of snow delaying rescue workers from getting to the fire. A third fatality occurred in a weather-related accident in Nova Scotia.
Connecticut
While Connecticut was one of the hardest hit areas, the state was well-prepared for the storm and managed to avoid major problems. Hartford received a total of of snow — the second largest snowfall since 1906. A total of fell in the small Sandy Hook village. West Hartford totaled and Fairfield saw of snow. Despite the large amounts of snow, there were only isolated individual power outages. At the storm's onset, governor M. Jodi Rell ordered all tractor-trailer trucks off the state's highways to facilitate the efforts of highway crews with snow removal. Motorists whose vehicles were not equipped with 4-wheel drive were required to use snow chains to travel on state roadways during the storm. Connecticut mobilized 2,500 state-owned and privately contracted snowplows to keep state highways open during the storm. The state's 169 cities and towns employed hundreds of additional plows to keep local roads passable. Bradley International Airport was closed for several hours, and the storm disrupted service on Metro North.
Delaware
New Castle County and Wilmington felt the brunt of this storm, with of snow. Kent and Sussex counties to the south mixed with rain for a while, and saw significantly less snow accumulations, mostly in the range.
District of Columbia
The city of Washington, D.C. missed the worst of the storm. The city received about of snow, far less than in the suburbs. Approximately 3,000 people lost electricity in the District of Columbia. However, Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (just across the Potomac River) was closed.
Maryland
The heaviest snow in Maryland fell from the northern suburbs of Washington, D.C., to the Baltimore area. These areas overwhelmingly saw over a foot of snow. Snowfall rates of per hour were common, and thundersnow occurred. Snowfall amounts of up to were reported in Columbia, in Baltimore, in Catonsville, and a foot (30.5 cm) in Potomac. This was the area's heaviest snow since the North American blizzard of 2003. Lesser amounts occurred in western and southern parts of the state.
Maryland was hardest hit by power outages. In the Baltimore area, more than 62,000 people lost electricity, plus another 16,000 in Montgomery County and 37,000 in Prince George's County.
Massachusetts
The most serious coastal problems were in Massachusetts. The heaviest snow was in the central part of the state, where snow amounts of up to were reported. Coastal areas, particularly around Nantucket, saw lesser amounts (approximately 12") as it was mixed with sleet at times, but winds of up to whipped up the ocean with storm surges of and led to some coastal flooding, plus offshore waves of up to . Logan International Airport in Boston and Barnstable municipal airport in Hyannis on Cape Cod saw over 90% of their flights cancelled at the peak of the storm.
There were no power outages, despite the conditions. There was one death; a tree fell onto a pickup truck in Billerica, killing the driver. Strong winds across the state caused $1.9 million in damage (2006 USD).
New Jersey
The impact of the blizzard in northern New Jersey was strong enough to stop the New Jersey Transit bus service between 7:30 a.m. and 4:00 p.m., although trains continued to run (with some delays). Many roads remained closed. Businesses were closed for most of the day. 16,000 people were without power in the state. Central and northeastern New Jersey saw the brunt of the storm due to heavy banding through the night into the morning: of snow fell at Newark Airport and 27" fell in Rahway. The first Wicked Faire took place as scheduled.
New York
The New York metropolitan area received the brunt of the February Blizzard of 2006. All three of the airports in the New York City area (LaGuardia Airport, John F. Kennedy International Airport and Newark Liberty International Airport) were closed during the record blizzard, for the first time since the September 11, 2001 attacks. Like the Blizzard of 1996, this winter storm does not meet the criteria to be called a blizzard, however. The winds were not strong enough, and visibility was not poor enough. Thundersnow, which is a rare occurrence in New York, occurred for about a 4-hour period in parts of The Bronx, Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, Rockland and Westchester during the height of the storm early Sunday morning.
Central Park received of snow, the largest amount for a single storm since records began, breaking the record of that fell on December 26, 1947. By comparison, the blizzards of 1996 and 2003 dropped in Central Park respectively. The smallest amounts of snowfall were recorded in portions of Nassau County, including the towns of Oceanside, Lynbrook, Rockville Centre and Island Park.
The snow removal cost in New York City alone is estimated at $27 million. It took nearly two days for utility crews to fully restore service to as many as 300,000 customers.
The storm did not reach very far north of the city; the Albany area only received of snow. As a result, the 2005–06 winter season ended up being the first time ever since records began in the late 19th century that New York City received more snow than Albany in a given winter (the inland, upstate city averages about twice as much snowfall per winter as its big neighbor to the south).
The strong winds downed trees and powerlines, resulting in $3 million in damage (2006 USD). The Long Island Rail Road reported extensive delays and as many as eight trains disabled up to several hours after the blizzard. The Monday morning commute was no better, as two of the railroad's lines were shut down completely and delays caused headaches for ambitious commuters. By Tuesday, two days after the storm, service was back to normal.
Despite the record snowfall, the New York City schools were open on February 13, owing to planning and work by the city and its snowplow team.
Pennsylvania
Snowfall totals were measured at at Philadelphia International Airport, but to the west in West Caln Township, there were . Philadelphia International Airport remained open throughout the storm, although about 50% of flights were cancelled. There were also power outages in the Philadelphia area, with about 10,000 customers losing power. But in contrast, in Western Pennsylvania most got or less of snow. Philadelphia public and parchocial schools were closed for the day.
Rhode Island
The Governor of Rhode Island, Donald Carcieri, declared a statewide state of emergency due to the blizzard conditions. The Providence Journal reported that state accumulations were generally between . Generally, Providence County received the heaviest accumulations in the state (see the chart below). On February 12, the bulk of the snow ended around 5:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time, with flurries lasting through the early evening. No significant power outages or injuries were reported.
Virginia
According to Dominion Power, over 64,000 people in Northern Virginia lost power in the storm, primarily in the suburban areas adjacent to Washington, D.C. Many locations in the extreme northeastern portion of the state recorded of snow, with Falls Church and Fairfax coming in at respectively. Fairfax County and eastern Loudoun County were generally the start of the 12+" (30+ cm) accumulations, which spread north towards Massachusetts.
Atlantic Canada
While the snowfall amounts diminished somewhat (to about 6 to or 15 to 30 cm) by the time the storm tracked east into Atlantic Canada, the winds increased substantially. The worst of the storm was felt along the Atlantic coast, particularly in a swath around the Bay of Fundy, the Northumberland Strait and the south coast of Newfoundland. Hurricane-force wind gusts were reported in several communities, peaking at in Grand Etang, Nova Scotia (equal to a Category 2 hurricane) and in Cape Race on the east coast of Newfoundland. Some damage was reported as a result of the strong winds, particularly downed power lines but also some roof damage to buildings.
Observed accumulations
Only accumulations of or greater are listed. Not all observations are listed due to space limitations; only major communities and notable reports are listed.
Sources: National Weather Service local offices – Sterling, VA, Mount Holly, NJ, Upton, NY,
Taunton, MA, Caribou, ME, Gray, ME
See also
Cyclogenesis
Extratropical cyclone
References
External links
'Dangerous storm' slams Northeast, snarls travel — CNN (February 12, 2006)
'Winter storm hits Northeast, thousands lose power — CNN (Saturday, February 18, 2006)
Images from the storm
2006 meteorology
2006 natural disasters in the United States
Blizzards in the United States
Nor'easters
Blizzards in Canada
February 2006 events in North America
2006 in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20blizzard%20of%202006
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Shanqella (Amharic: ሻንቅላ šanqəlla sometimes spelled Shankella, Shangella, Shánkala, Shankalla or Shangalla) is an exonym for a number of ethnic groups that today reside primarily in the westernmost part of Ethiopia near South Sudan (especially the Benishangul-Gumuz Region), but are known to have also inhabited more northerly areas until the late nineteenth century. A pejorative, the term was traditionally used by the local Afro-Asiatic-speaking populations to refer in general terms to darker-skinned ethnic groups, particularly to those from communities speaking Nilo-Saharan languages of Western Ethiopia. These were regarded as slave reserves by the highlanders. The etymology of Shanqella is uncertain. It has been suggested that the appellation may stem from an Amharic epithet meaning "black" (or dark-skinned). However, it is likely that the term is instead of more ancient, Agaw derivation given the Agaw substratum in the Amharic language. The 1935 League of Nations report detailed the dehumanization of Shanqella under the Ethiopian Empire.
See also
Jareer, analogous Somali term
Notes
References
Further reading
Pankhurst, R. 1977. The history of the Bareya, Shanqella, and other Ethiopian slaves from the borderlands of the Sudan. Sudan Notes and Records 59: 1-43.
Anti-African and anti-black slurs
Anti-black racism in Africa
Ethnic groups in Ethiopia
Exonyms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanqella
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Henrik Hellstenius (born 28 April 1963) is a Norwegian composer and musicologist.
Born in Bærum, Norway, Hellstenius studied musicology at the University of Oslo and composition with Lasse Thoresen, Olav Anton Thommessen and Bjørn Kruse at the Norwegian Academy of Music in Oslo. He studied in 1992–1993 with Gérard Grisey at the Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique et de Danse de Paris in Paris, and he also studied computer-supported composition at IRCAM.
Hellstenius is currently professor in composition and music theory at the Norwegian Academy of Music.
Hellstenius’ compositional output spans a wide stylistic field, including opera, chamber music, orchestral works, electro-acoustic music and scores for theatre, film and ballet. His works have seen performances throughout the Nordics, Russia, Australia, the U.S., Canada, England, Scotland, Greece, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Germany, France, Holland and Japan. His works have been featured at festivals such as the Bourges Festival for electro-acoustic music in France, the International Rostrum for Composers in Paris, the DUT-festival in Copenhagen, Nordic Music Days and the ULTIMA Oslo Contemporary Music Festival, performed by ensembles Cikada, Oslo Sinfonietta, BIT20 Ensemble and Ensemble Court Circuit.
Hellstenius has also penned scores for a number of stage productions. In addition to his two operas, Sera and Ophelias: Death by Water Singing – both premiered at the ULTIMA Oslo Contemporary Music Festival and later performed in Poland and Germany – Hellstenius has also worked closely with playwrights Jon Fosse, Cecilie Løveid, Liv Heløe as well as choreographer Ingun Bjørnsgaard.
Hellstenius is also focusing on other forms of stage productions including instrumental theatre or staged concerts. An example of this compositional practice is the project Ørets Teater I.IV, premiered at the 2011 Bergen International Festival, for which Hellstenius was composer in residence. Following its premiere, the work was adapted and rewritten for a 2015 ULTIMA Oslo Contemporary Music Festival performance. For the 2014/2015 concert season, Hellstenius was the Oslo Philharmonic Orchestra’s profile composer.
Hellstenius’ works are published by Edition Wilhelm Hansen/The Music Sales Group.
Production
Selected works
Rift for string trio (2017)
Unfolded, as it were a piano trio (2017)
Instrument of Speech (2017)
Up and away for string orchestra (2017)
Rock Crystal for 2 sopranos, baritone and sinfonietta (2015)
Petites Machines for orchestra (2015)
Loven for mezzo-soprano, narrator and orchestra (2014)
Places of Sounds and Words for soprano and ensemble (2014)
In Memoriam - violin Concerto No 2 for solo violin, percussion and string orchestra (2012)
Ørets teater (2011)
Self portrait in bright light for narrator for clarinet and string quartet (2010)
Breathings: for chamber orchestra (2009)
Places of Sound (2008)
Spintop Music (2008)
Like objects in a dark room (2007)
Ophelias : Death by water singing - Opera, libretto: Cecilie Løveid (2005)
Ombra della sera - For percussion and double bass (2004)
Readings of Mr. G. - For String Orchestra and Solo Percussion (2003)
Between Two : For Guitar and Violin (2002)
Book of Songs I Innhold: Violin Solo I ; Violin Solo II ; Cello Solo (2002)
Book of Songs II: Five Duos for Violin and Cello Innhold: First Song, Second Song, Third Song, Fourth Song, FifthSong (2002)
Book of Soongs III (2002)
Concerto for Ensemble and Orchestra (2002)
By the Voice a Faint Light is Shed - Concerto for Violin and Ensemble (2001)
Songs From the Outside - For Ensemble (2001)
Imprints - For String Trio (2000)
Lyd – en lyd - For alto or mezzosoprano and piano (2000)
Pour Gerard Grisey : For Piano and Percussion (2000/2004)
Sera : Opera in One Act - libretto: Axel Hellstenius (1999/2003)
Theatre of Sleep - For Orchestra (1999-2000)
Framing Time (1999)
Four Fragments - For 6 Voices (1999)
Essais sur le temps double - For Doublebass Solo (1998)
Five Imprints of Time III - For Harpsichord Solo (1998)
Five Imprints of Time II - For Percussion Trio (1997)
The Golden Shield - For Viola and Piano (1996)
Fem avtrykk av tiden - For saxofon Quartet (1994)
Ricercare - for Cello and Tape (1994)
Long Pilgrimage (1994)
Stirrings Still for Six Instrumentalists (1992/93)
Tre bevegelser - For String Orchestra (1991)
Søkk : A Piece for Accordion and Tape (1990)
skal skje / Det / har skjedd (1990)
Scores composed for theatre performances
2006: Jon Fosse: Rambuku, Det norske teatret, Oslo
2005: Liv Heløe: Lise L., Nationaltheatret, Oslo
2000: Jon Fosse: Besøk, Den Nationale Scene, Bergen
1999: Jon Fosse: Draum om Hausten, Nationaltheatret, Oslo
1998: Peter Handke: Timen Den Nationale Scene, Bergen
1996: Jon Fosse: Barnet Nationatheatret, Oslo
Discography
Nordsending - Nordic String Trios (2017)
Elisabeth Holmertz, Tora Augestad, Ivan Lundlow, Ebba Rydh, Janna Wettergren, Sije Aker Johnsen, Christian Eggen og Cikada Ensemble - Ophelias: Death By Water Singing (2016)
Marianne Beate Kielland og Nils Anders Mortensen - The new Song (2016)
Hans-Kristian Kjos Sørensen – Hearing This (2016)
Stavanger Symphony Orchestra – In Memoriam (2015)
Peter Herresthal – Catch Light (2011)
Readings of Mr.G (2008)
Dan Styffe: Bass Trip (2008)
Sigyn Fossnes: Tigthrope Walker (2005)
Aage Kvalbein: Norwegian Short Stories (2005)
Tanja Orning: Cellotronics (2005)
MiNensemblet: Party Music (2004)
Bjørn Ianke: The contemporary solo double bass , vol 3 (2003)
Thomas Kjekstad/Lars Erik Ter Jung: Twitter machine (2003)
Sisu: Scratch! (2003)
BIT20 Ensemble, Pierre-André Valade: Sera (2001)
Kyberia: Navigations (2001)
Saxophone Concentus: Second Tale (2000)
BIT20 Ensemble,: Absolute pling plong: Eight ways of making music (1995)
Barratt Due’s Junior Orchestra - Asheim, Kraggerud, Grieg, Hellstenius (1995)
References
External links
Biography from MIC Music Information Centre Norway
Norwegian Academy of Music staff biography
Henrik Hellstenius' own site
List of works supplied by the National Library of Norway
1963 births
Living people
Norwegian composers
Norwegian male composers
Norwegian musicologists
Musicians from Bærum
Academic staff of the Norwegian Academy of Music
Pupils of Gérard Grisey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henrik%20Hellstenius
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Elmer Dessens Jusaino [deh-SENZ] (born January 13, 1971) is a Mexican former professional baseball pitcher in Major League Baseball (MLB).
Personal life
Elmer Dessens was born on January 13, 1971, in Hermosillo, Mexico. At age 10, he worked as a newspaper boy. Dessens graduated from Carrera Technical High School. He is married to Lorenia and has three sons, Elmer Jr., Erick, Edward Dessens enjoys fishing and is a Los Angeles Lakers fan.
Baseball career
Pittsburgh Pirates
Dessens was signed as an amateur free agent by the Pittsburgh Pirates in . He made his major league debut with the Pirates in and pitched with them until .
Yomiuri Giants
The Pirates released him at the end of spring training in . He pitched that season for the Yomiuri Giants of the Nippon Professional Baseball League in Japan.
Cincinnati Reds
Dessens returned to the major leagues in with the Cincinnati Reds and pitched for them for three seasons.
Arizona Diamondbacks
During the 2002–03 offseason, Dessens was involved in a four-team trade that sent him to the Arizona Diamondbacks.
Los Angeles Dodgers
Dessens stayed with the Diamondbacks until August , when the Los Angeles Dodgers acquired him for a minor leaguer to bolster their bullpen for the stretch run. That October, Dessens pitched in the postseason for the first and, to date, last time, appearing in one game during the Dodgers' Division Series loss to the St. Louis Cardinals.
Dessens pitched one more season for the Dodgers, then became a free agent in the offseason.
Kansas City Royals
Prior to the 2006 season, Dessens signed with the Kansas City Royals.
Second Stint with Dodgers
In July, the Dodgers reacquired Dessens from the Royals for pitcher Odalis Pérez and two minor leaguers, again to bolster their bullpen. While the Dodgers did win the wild card that season, Dessens did not appear as the Dodgers were swept in the Division Series to the New York Mets.
Milwaukee Brewers
In March 2007, Dessens was traded from the Dodgers to the Milwaukee Brewers for reserve outfielder Brady Clark and cash.
Colorado Rockies
In early August he was released by the Brewers, but a few days later he signed a minor league deal with the Colorado Rockies. He started 5 games for the Rockies, going 1–1 with a 7.58 ERA. He became a free agent at the end of the season.
Second Stint with Pirates
In January 2008, Dessens signed a minor league contract with the Pittsburgh Pirates, but was released during spring training.
Diablos Rojos del Mexico
He then spent most of the 2008 season in the Mexican League with the Diablos Rojos del México.
Atlanta Braves
After pitching (and winning) the final game of the league championship against the Sultanes de Monterrey, he signed a major league contract with the Atlanta Braves in August. After the season, Dessens again became a free agent.
New York Mets
In February , Dessens signed a minor league deal with the New York Mets. Dessens made his Mets debut on June 23, 2009, against the St. Louis Cardinals. He was designated for assignment on July 30. He had his contract purchased on August 6, 2009, when Jon Niese was placed on the 60-day disabled list.
In December 2009, Dessens signed a minor league contract with the New York Mets for the 2010 season.
San Francisco Giants
On February 8, 2011, it was reported that Dessens had signed a minor league deal with the San Francisco Giants that included an invitation to spring training. However, on February 14, it was reported that the deal fell through.
Post Playing
He is currently an assistant pitching coach for the Arizona League Reds.
References
External links
1971 births
2006 World Baseball Classic players
2009 World Baseball Classic players
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Atlanta Braves players
Baseball players from Sonora
Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players
Carolina Mudcats players
Calgary Cannons players
Cincinnati Reds players
Colorado Rockies players
Colorado Springs Sky Sox players
Kansas City Royals players
Living people
Las Vegas 51s players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Louisville RiverBats players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball players from Mexico
Mexican expatriate baseball players in Canada
Mexican expatriate baseball players in Japan
Mexican expatriate baseball players in the United States
Mexican people of German descent
Milwaukee Brewers players
Naranjeros de Hermosillo players
Nashville Sounds players
New York Mets players
Sportspeople from Hermosillo
Pittsburgh Pirates players
Yomiuri Giants players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elmer%20Dessens
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Vélizy-Villacoublay () is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France in north-central France. It is located in the south-western suburbs of Paris from the center and east of Versailles. Its inhabitants are called Véliziens.
Geography
Established on the Parisian plateau, the town of Vélizy-Villacoublay borders Meudon in the north-east, Clamart in the east, Bièvres in the south-east, Viroflay in the north-west, and Chaville in the north.
Vélizy-Villacoublay is a very urbanized town bordering the Meudon forest, which spans over of communal land.
There are six districts: Mozart, le Clos, le Mail, Louvois, la Pointe Ouest et Vélizy-le-Bas (with l'Ursine and le Bocage).
History
The word "Vélizy" comes from the Latin word villa. "Villacoublay" is formed from the same word, combined with the Gallo-Roman patronym "Escoblenus". Originally called simply Vélizy, the name of the commune became officially Vélizy-Villacoublay in 1938.
The territory was formed from three distinct manors: Vélizy, Villacoublay, and Ursine, established in the 11th century. The domains were progressively annexed into the royal estate beginning in the 12th century (Vélizy was annexed at the end of the 13th century).
The airbase in Villacoublay, Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base, was built in 1911. In 1974 the Vélizy 2 shopping mall was opened.
The body of Diana, Princess of Wales was flown to RAF Northolt, west London, from here after her death in Paris on August 31, 1997.
Population
Main sights
The Saint-Denis church
The Saint-Jean-Baptiste church, in modern style.
The barracks of the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS).
l'Onde Cultural Center, finished in December 2000 and designed by the architect Claude Vasconi, which is composed of one hall with 670 seats, a multidisciplinary room of 200 seats, two large dance halls, an orchestra room, 12 studios, 4 classrooms, a recording room, and a percussion room.
Transport
Vélizy-Villacoublay is served by no station of the Paris Métro, RER, or suburban rail network. The closest station to Vélizy-Villacoublay is Chaville–Vélizy station on Paris RER line C. This station is located in the neighboring commune of Viroflay, from the town center of Vélizy-Villacoublay. Since 2014, Vélizy-Villacoublay has been served by tramway line T6 with 7 stations.
The town is also served by the A86 autoroute, the 118 national route (RN118), and the RN286. The A86 includes a two-leveled tunnel between Rueil-Malmaison and Vélizy-Villacoublay. It is also served by a Veolia Transport bus line (Connex), of the RATP,
Economy
Biggest Shopping Center of Île-de-France: Vélizy-2
Car dealerships: Porsche, Audi, BMW, Mini, Citroën
Numerous companies and offices:
Aeronautic: EADS, MBDA, Messier-Dowty, Messier-Bugatti
Agricultural: Kraft Foods
Automotive: manufacturing plants of PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault Trucks
Biotechnology: Novacyt
Building and Public Works Sector: Eiffage
Electronics: Thales, Ateme, Dassault Systèmes.
Research: Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes de Versailles
Telecommunications: Alcatel-Lucent, Bouygues Télécom, Ekinops, Transcom, Sagem
Information technology: Sun Microsystems, Dassault Systèmes, Quintiles/IMS Health
Video Games: Blizzard (Vivendi-Universal Games)
French Air Force Base 107 Vélizy – Villacoublay Air Base (HQ of French Special Forces)
Group 61 of the CRS
Education
ISTY
University Institute of Technology of Vélizy
Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University
Twin towns – sister cities
Vélizy-Villacoublay is twinned with:
Alytus, Lithuania
Dietzenbach, Germany
Harlow, England, United Kingdom
See also
Communes of the Yvelines department
References
External links
Official website
Communes of Yvelines
Yvelines communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A9lizy-Villacoublay
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Thomas Hilliard Moodie (May 26, 1878 – March 3, 1948) was an American politician who was born in Winona, Minnesota. After he was inaugurated Governor of North Dakota in January 1935, it was revealed that he had not officially been a resident of the state for the mandatory five years, and he was removed from office in February 1935 having served less than a month.
Biography
A native of Winona, Minnesota, Thomas H. Moodie left school at the age of sixteen. He moved to Wadena, Minnesota, and began his career as a newspaperman in the printing department of the Wadena Pioneer. He married Julia Edith McMurray. He also worked as a brakeman for the Northern Pacific Railroad.
Career
He moved to North Dakota and was a cub reporter for the Bismarck Tribune. He became a journeyman printer, reporter, and editor of newspapers throughout the state, and also served as an editorial writer for the Minneapolis Tribune.
In 1933 President Franklin D. Roosevelt appointed him to a committee on federal grants to public buildings. In 1934 Moodie received the Democratic nomination for governor, and beat his Republican opponent, Lydia Langer (wife of William Langer).
As soon as the election was over, there was talk of impeachment. After Moodie's inauguration on January 7, 1935, it was revealed that he had voted in a 1932 municipal election in Minnesota. In order to be eligible for governor, an individual has to have lived in the state for five consecutive years before the election. The State Supreme Court determined that Governor Moodie was ineligible to serve, and he was removed from office on February 16, 1935. He was succeeded by Lieutenant Governor Walter Welford.
Prior to his removal he had been impeached by the North Dakota House of Representatives, however the impeachment halted after the North Dakota Supreme Court took up a challenge to his qualification to office and ultimately removed him from office. The impeachment, which took place twelve days after Moodie's inauguration, had officially been for unspecified "crime, corrupt conduct, malfeasance and misdemeanors in office", but was known to be centered upon his eligibility for office. The attorney general of the state considered the House impeachment an "incomplete" action, since the House did not submit impeachment managers or present the articles of impeachment to the Senate.
After his five-week stint as governor, Moodie became an administrator for the North Dakota Federal Housing Administration. Moodie was also an administrator for the WPA from 1935 to 1943. He also served as deputy administrator for the State War Finance Committee in Montana.
Finally he served as financial editor and confidential agent for the publisher of the Spokane Chronicle.
Death
Moodie died in Spokane, Washington, on March 3, 1948, at the age of 69. He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in Winona, Minnesota.
References
External links
National Governors Association
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1878 births
1948 deaths
20th-century American politicians
Democratic Party governors of North Dakota
People from Winona, Minnesota
Politicians from Spokane, Washington
Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20H.%20Moodie
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Kothammuriyattom is a village folk art form of northern Kerala, India. It is in fact Godavariyattom. Basically it is a theyyam (a popular ritual form of worship of North Malabar), with the image of a cow-face attached to mid part of the body. Usually a boy is selected to do this. Special hair work, face pack, and costumes accompany this. Paniyas also assist the main character. It is believed that, after this play, the country becomes prosperous with more yields and increased number of livestock. With drum patterns serving as the music, the speech is both socially conscious and humorous.
See also
Arts of Kerala
Kerala Folklore Akademi
Dances of Kerala
Ritual dances
Arts of Kerala
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kothammuriyattam
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Heimbach is a town in the district of Düren of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Rur, in the Eifel hills, approx. 20 km south of Düren. Heimbach has the smallest population of any town in North Rhine-Westphalia.
The districts of the city are Blens (290 residents), Düttling (80 residents), Hasenfeld (1200 residents), Hausen (290 residents), Hergarten (600 residents) and Vlatten (1000 residents), which prior to 1972 were villages with their own administration. Between Hausen and Hergarten lies the hamlet of Walbig, and between Hasenfeld and Schmidt (City of Nideggen) is the hamlet of Buschfelder Hof, which formerly belonged to Blens.
History
Heimbach and the city's Hengebach Castle was the seat of the local noble family which inherited the County of Jülich in 1207, with Heimbach annexed to the County (later the Duchy) since 1237.
After the fire of 1687 the city of Heimbach was rebuilt to house the town's population; however, the castle of Hengebach was left a ruin until 1904 when restoration work began. Now restored, the castle is owned and operated as a tourist attraction by the city of Heimbach. The castle is located on a rocky outcrop in the middle of Heimbach. Today it is used as a restaurant and a location for public events. There are also castles in the villages of Blens, Hausen and Vlatten, now part of Heimbach.
Tourism
Heimbach is an important town for pilgrims who visit the monastery of Mariawald and the statue of Mary in the church of Heimbach.
Heimbach is a popular town for tourists, particularly on day trips from the nearby cities of Cologne, Aachen and Düsseldorf but also from the Netherlands. The main attractions are the Eifel National Park, the Art Nouveau power station, the Rur dam, the monastery of Mariawald and the Hengebach castle. The renowned Spannungen chamber music concerts, founded by Lars Vogt, which take place in the power station are also popular and have attracted musicians such as Sharon Cam and Sabine Meyer.
The villages of Hausen and Blens, located in northern Heimbach, provide great views of rocky outcrops which are now part of a nature conservancy area. One of the many campgrounds around Heimbach lies in the shadow of these rocks.
Demographics
Most residents of Heimbach are Roman Catholics, attending the churches in Heimbach (St. Clemens), Hausen (St. Nikolaus), Vlatten (St. Dinysius) and Hergarten (St. Martin) and chapels in Blens (St. Georg), Hasenfeld (St. Nepomuk), Düttling (St. Apollonia) and Vlatten (St. Michael).
Politics
The Mayor of Heimbach is Jochen Weiler (CDU), elected in 2020. The Council of Heimbach contains 9 members of the Christian Democratic Union, 5 members of the SPD, one member of the Green Party, 2 members of the FDP, 2 members of the UWV and one member of the AfD.
Notable people
Johann Peter Schroeder (1794–1876), politician
Georg Frentzen (1854–1923), architect and university lecturer; built the Kraftwerk Heimbach (hydroelectric power plant of the Urfttalsperre) in Heimbach-Hasenfeld in 1904
Franz Binz (1896–1965), Reichstag deputy of the NSDAP, lived in Heimbach
Luise Kött-Gärtner (born 1953), sculptural artist
Stephan Meyer (born 1947), director, lives from time to time in Heimbach
References
Düren (district)
Districts of the Rhine Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimbach
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Charadupinnikali (Malayalam: ചരടുപിന്നിക്കളി - literally 'string dance') or Urikkali is a dance form practiced in South Kerala and by ex-pat communities in other countries. The play is performed holding the cords hung at the place of performance. At the end of play, the cords become a rough form of uri and later the uri is undone. This makes a part of Thiruvathira.
References
External links
Gurukripa Folk Arts Centre
See also
Arts of Kerala
Dances of Kerala
Arts of Kerala
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charadupinnikkali
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NILP may refer to one of the following:
National Institute for Latino Policy, USA
Northern Ireland Labour Party
Labour Party of Northern Ireland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NILP
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GTE Midwest, Inc. was a GTE operating company formed in 1993 upon the split off of some GTE local telephone operations from GTE North. GTE Midwest served Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, and Minnesota, and included the former operations of Contel in Iowa and Missouri.
History
In 1995, GTE Midwest's Minnesota operations were transferred to Contel of Minnesota, Inc. Contel of Minnesota had always been a separate company from GTE Midwest.
In 2000, GTE completed the sale of some of its Missouri lines to Spectra Communications Group, which was an investment of CenturyTel. Also occurring that year Bell Atlantic acquired GTE, renaming the merged company Verizon. Upon the completion of the merger, Iowa operations of GTE Midwest were sold to Iowa Network Service, and Nebraska operations were sold to Citizens Utilities (Citizens Telecommunications Company of Nebraska). By the end of 2000, GTE Midwest only served Missouri, and GTE Midwest began doing business as Verizon Midwest.
Dissolution
In 2002, Verizon sells its operations in Missouri to CenturyTel, becoming CenturyTel of Missouri (remaining separate from Spectra Communications Group).
On August 31, 2002, Verizon discontinued Verizon Midwest as an operating company, with all of its operations transferred to different operating companies within former GTE operating, or the operations being sold off.
Sources
GTE Midwest, Inc. dba Verizon Midwest, Inc.
Verizon Communications
Economy of the Midwestern United States
Defunct telecommunications companies of the United States
Telecommunications companies established in 1993
American companies established in 1993
Telecommunications companies disestablished in 2002
American companies disestablished in 2002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTE%20Midwest
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Linnich is a town in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the River Rur (Roer river), approx. 10 km north-west of Jülich.
Economy
Linnich is the home of SIG Combibloc, the specialist for aseptic carton packaging.
On the same Industrial site Gascogne Laminates Germany is producing laminates packaging for the pharmaceutical industry.
Town twinnings
Since 1974, Linnich is twinned with the French town of Lesquin in the Nord département.
Transportation
Linnich has no direct connections to German Autobahns, but the exits Erkelenz-Süd of the BAB 46, Titz, Jülich-Ost or Aldenhoven of the BAB 44 can be used.
Linnich is connected to the Rurtalbahn since 2002, and has one station near the SIG-factory and one in the suburb Tetz.
Culture and landmarks
Museums
Deutsche Glasmalerei-Museum (German Stained glass Museum)
Museum of Local History
Born in Linnich
Wolfgang Dahmen (born 1949), mathematician
Udo Recker (born 1967), medieval archaeologist
Elke Winkens (born 1970), actress
References
External links
Düren (district)
Districts of the Rhine Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnich
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Arthur Gustave Sorlie (April 26, 1874 – August 28, 1928) was an American businessman and politician who served as the 14th Governor of North Dakota from 1925 until his death in 1928 at the age of 54.
Biography
Sorlie was born in Albert Lea, Minnesota and resided in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He was the son of Iver Jacobson Sorlie (1835-1916) and Maren Oline Olson (1841-1917), both immigrants from Norway. He graduated from Luther Academy at Albert Lea, Minnesota in 1893. He worked in a bank and managed a general store in Buxton, North Dakota. In 1903, Sorlie opened a bread and cracker factory in Grand Forks, North Dakota. He became a successful businessman, owning car dealerships and gas stations. Sorlie first entered politics as a member of the Grand Forks City Council, a position he held two terms.
Career
Sorlie defeated incumbent Ragnvald A. Nestos in the 1924 gubernatorial race. At that time, North Dakota politics involved the struggle between the Nonpartisan League (NPL) and the Independent Voters Association (IVA). The NPL membership (primarily farm and rural) bitterly opposed big business interests. They favored state-owned industries such as the Bank of North Dakota and the State Mill and Elevator. The IVA did not support state ownership of industry. They considered the NPL platform to be too radical and socialist.
When NPL-backed Sorlie replaced IVA candidate Nestos, the Nonpartisan League returned to power in the state. However, Sorlie did not have complete support from the League. Some (such as his own lieutenant governor, Walter Maddock) opposed Sorlie because he was a conservative businessman. During the 1927 legislative session, Sorlie's political enemies conspired to embarrass him by publicly investigating the State Mill and Elevator and calling for its removal from the governor's influence because of inefficient management.
Personal life
In 1900, he was married to Jennie Odegard (1879-1918) with whom he had three children. After the death of his first wife, he married Grace Hilleboe (1889-1965) with whom he had an additional three children. When Governor Sorlie died in office in 1928, his body lay in state in the rotunda of the North Dakota State Capitol. He is buried in Memorial Park Cemetery in Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, North Dakota.
Legacy
The Sorlie Memorial Bridge in Grand Forks, North Dakota was named in his memory. The Arthur G. Sorlie Papers were deposited in the Orin G. Libby Manuscript Collection in the Chester Fritz Library at the University of North Dakota.
References
Further reading
Sobel, Robert, and John Raimo, eds. Biographical Directory of the Governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. 3 (Westport, Conn.; Meckler Books, 4 vols. 1978)
See Also
1924 North Dakota gubernatorial election
1926 North Dakota gubernatorial election
External links
National Governors Association
1874 births
1928 deaths
Republican Party governors of North Dakota
Politicians from Grand Forks, North Dakota
American Lutherans
American people of Norwegian descent
North Dakota city council members
People from Albert Lea, Minnesota
Nonpartisan League state governors of the United States
20th-century American politicians
Nonpartisan League politicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20G.%20Sorlie
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Lotusblüthen (1893-1900) and New Lotusblüten (1908-1913 (1914/15)) was a theosophical magazine published by Franz Hartmann. It was the second theosophical magazine in Germany and Austria after Wilhelm Hübbe-Schleidens Die Sphinx.
Lotusblüthen
Lotusblüthen was a monthly journal containing articles and selected translations. The first edition appeared in March 1893 in Leipzig, the last in September 1900, thus there were altogether 96 editions. In each case six editions were bound to one booklet, i.e. editions January to June were combined into a large booklet, which appeared in each case in March, likewise editions July until Decembers with publication date in September. The format corresponded to today's DIN A 5. Franz Hartmann not only functioned as a publisher, but wrote also most of the published articles. The total number of pages of all editions during 1893 to 1900 was approx. 7300 pages, of this 6300 pages were written by Hartmann.
New Lotusblüten
The new Lotusblüten, (this time already written without "h"), was published after 1908.
It was now a bimonthly journal, containing original articles and selected translations. The first edition appeared June/July 1908 in Leipzig and Berlin, the last probably in June/July 1913, thus altogether there were 36 (possibly also 42 or 48) editions. It is unsure if the magazine was published in 1914 and 1915. During the secured six years of existence of the magazine until 1913, the total number of pages was approximately 2400 pages. The edition of 1913, was published, because of Hartmann's death on 7 August 1912, by Paul Harald Grävell von Jostenoode (1856-1932).
The new Lotusblüten did not reach the same level of quality as the first Lotusblüthen.
Literature
Numerous essays from the two magazines were published later in book form. So e.g.:
Franz Hartmann as author
Das Wesen der Alchemie, eine Abhandlung über die Chemie seelischer und geistiger Kräfte im Menschen und im Kosmos. Ullrich, Calw 1994;
Die Erkenntnislehre der Bhagavad-gita, im Lichte der Geheimlehre betrachtet. Lang, Kolbenmoor 1999;
Die Meister der Weisheit, die indischen und tibetanischen Adepten oder Mahatmas. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Calw 1980
Die weisse und schwarze Magie oder das Gesetz des Geistes in der Natur. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Calw 1989;
Geheimschulen der Magie und okkulte Übungen. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Calw 1980
Franz Hartmann as translator
Atma Bodha, (Selbsterkenntnis), die geistige Grundlage für die Yogalehre. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Calw 1977;
Das Evangelium Buddhas, sein Leben und seine Lehre. Ullrich, Calw 1994;
Die Regeln des Radscha Yoga nach den Vorschriften von Gautama Buddha. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Buenos Aires 1957
Hatha Yoga, die Physiologie des Astralkörpers. Schatzkammer-Verlag, Buenos Aires 1957
Tattwa Bodha, (Daseinserkenntnis), die wissenschaftliche Grundlage für die Yogalehre. Schatzkammerverlag-Verlag, Calw 1978;
External links
Contents of "Lotosblüten" 1893-1900
Contents of "Neuen Lotosblüten" 1908-1915
Bi-monthly magazines published in Germany
Defunct magazines published in Germany
German-language magazines
Monthly magazines published in Germany
Magazines established in 1893
Magazines disestablished in 1913
Magazines published in Berlin
Magazines published in Leipzig
Theosophy
Philosophy magazines
Western esoteric magazines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotusbl%C3%BCten
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The American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute (AWCI) is a not-for-profit trade association based in the United States that is dedicated to the advancement of the modern watch industry, from which it receives a significant portion of its funding. While the AWCI is an American organization, it also has members throughout the world.
AWCI promotes the modern watch industry by providing a range of education, certification, technical assistance and business services. For over 50 years, AWCI has worked with horology schools, individual watchmakers and clockmakers, manufacturers and retailers to advance the art, science and business of horology. The AWCI hosts the largest online repair directory connecting consumers with local repair professionals who are AWCI members, however this does not include all local repair professionals. Horological Times, the official publication of AWCI, is currently the only monthly horological magazine serving the U.S. market (2011). The Institute is supported by numerous local affiliate chapters around the nation. AWCI also offers books and media on timekeeping topics to members and the general public.
Continuing education and certification in certain areas of watchmaking and clock making are offered by AWCI. Several current (as of 2011) watch-related courses provided include: Basic Quartz Watch Repair, Modern Automatic Watches, Balance Staffing and Timing, Polishing and Waterproof Testing, Modern Mechanical Chronograph and more. These courses are conducted at the AWCI Marvin E. Whitney Academy of Watchmaking in Harrison, Ohio. Clockmaker courses can be scheduled by request.
AWCI was organized in 1960 as the American Watchmakers Institute (AWI). This was the nation's first unified horological organization. It combined the members of the United Horological Association of America (UHAA) with those of the Horological Institute of America (HIA) to form AWI. However, with the continual influx of clock-related interest into the organization, a name change was recommended by the Affiliate Chapters in 1992 and was formally changed to the American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute. Affiliate chapters include the Horological Society of New York and the Watchmakers Association of Pennsylvania.
The American Watchmaker-Clockmakers Institute maintains the ELM CharitableTrust, a 501 (c) (3) trust. The ELM (Education, Library and Museum) Trust operates The Henry B. Fried Resource Library and The Orville R. Hagans History of Time Museum, which are located at AWCI headquarters in Harrison, Ohio. The ELM Trust also administers annual scholarships to horology students in the U.S. through The Harold J. and Marie Borneman Greenwood Memorial Fund of the New Hampshire Charitable Foundation.
See also
British Horological Institute
chronometer
clock
clockmaker
horology
watch
watchmaker
References
External links
American Watchmakers-Clockmakers Institute
National Jeweler Network article describing AWCI's efforts to expand programs
Oklahoma State University-Okmulgee Watchmaking degree program receives support from Rolex USA, uses AWCI exam
JCK magazine article describing AWCI's presence at a jewelry industry trade show
National Jeweler Network article on repair service prices
Describes recent litigation to compel certain watch manufacturers/brands to offer unrestricted access to spare parts for independent watchmakers and watch owners
Trade associations based in the United States
Horological organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Watchmakers-Clockmakers%20Institute
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The Commonwealth Labour Party (CWLP) was a minor political party in Northern Ireland. The party was founded in 1942 by Harry Midgley, former leader of the Northern Ireland Labour Party (NILP), in order to pursue his brand of labour unionism.
Split with the Northern Ireland Labour Party
Midgley had adopted a position of unswerving loyalty to Britain during World War II, and was increasingly out-of-step with the majority in the NILP, who wished it to remain neutral on the constitutional question, and the nationalist minority in the party, which included his two parliamentary colleagues, Paddy Agnew and Jack Beattie. On 4 December 1942, Beattie was elected leader of the NILP group in Parliament, with Midgley as his deputy, and this was the final straw.
Midgley resigned from the NILP on 15 December, and was followed by the departure of the Londonderry and North Belfast branches of the party. Although his own Willowfield branch expressed its support, it did not disaffiliate. Although some of Midgley's opponents believed that he would join the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), he instead announced the formation of the Commonwealth Labour Party, on 19 December. The new party first met in January 1943, and adopted all Midgley's positions. It attempted to make links with the British Labour Party, but was rebuffed. Later in the year, Milton Gordon led the Londonderry branch back into the NILP, having come to believe that the new party was harming the labour movement. No trade union branch ever affiliated.
Organisation
The party created a newspaper, Justice, which was initially edited by Midgley's son, and maintained nine branches, three in Belfast and the others in predominantly unionist areas of Northern Ireland, and a total of somewhat fewer than 1,000 members. No longer in opposition to the UUP which dominated the legislature, Midgley accepted an offer of a ministerial post from new Prime Minister Basil Brooke. He used his position to champion the Beveridge Report and the welfare state of New Zealand. The party also supported the idea of a British Commonwealth, although it avoided the question of whether British colonies should become independent states.
Electoral Performance
The party stood six candidates in the 1945 Northern Ireland general election. Only Midgley was successful, although Albert McElroy came a close second in Ards.
Midgley also stood in Belfast South in the 1945 UK general election, but was defeated by the Ulster Unionist candidate. In September 1946, the party put up candidates in the local elections, winning seats in Bangor, Newtownards, Richhill and Ballymena, plus Midgley's seat in Belfast. Concerned by the improved performance of the NILP, the party sought to identify itself more closely with unionism, and appealed to the Orange Order to support its candidates. At the end of the year, Justice was replaced by a new journal, Commonwealth.
Disbanding
Increasingly right-wing in his politics, Midgley devoted less time to the party. On 6 September 1947, he resigned as party chairman, joining the UUP two weeks later. The CWLP held a conference under the chairmanship of William Brisbane, but disbanded before the end of the year, with McElroy and some supporters rejoining the NILP, and most other members either joining the UUP or moving away from party politics.
References
1942 establishments in Northern Ireland
1947 disestablishments in Northern Ireland
Defunct political parties in Northern Ireland
Defunct social democratic parties in the United Kingdom
Labour parties in Northern Ireland
Political parties established in 1942
Political parties disestablished in 1947
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth%20Labour%20Party
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Glashaus is a German band consisting of lead singer Cassandra Steen, songwriter and rapper Moses Pelham, and producer Martin Haas. The trio is best known for their mixture of R&B, soul and pop music with lyrics in German language.
History
In 2000, while searching for new talented singers, producers and label partners Moses Pelham and Martin Haas were introduced to vocalist Cassandra Steen (by then principally known for her appearances on the latest album by Freundeskreis). Although they soon started working on what was to be Steen's solo album, the project moved into a collaborative endeavor and as a result the trio decided to form a band – later named Glashaus.
After months of recording Glashaus finally released their debut single "Wenn das Liebe ist" in 2001. The song became the band's biggest hit to date when it debuted at No. 21 on the German singles charts, reaching its peak position of No. 5 in its third week. While the following singles, "Was immer es ist", Rio Reiser cover "Ohne dich", and "Trost (es tut weh)", failed to chart or sell notably, they helped keeping the band's self-titled debut album in the German media charts for over 30 weeks and got the band nominated for three ECHO Award.
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
Singles
References
External links
German musical groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glashaus
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Kate Clifford Larson is an American historian and Harriet Tubman scholar. Her 2003 biography of Harriet Tubman, Bound for the Promised Land was one of the first non-juvenile Tubman biographies published in six decades. Larson is the consultant for the Harriet Tubman Special Resource Study of the National Park Service and serves on the advisory board of the Historic Context on the Underground Railroad in Delaware, Underground Railroad Coalition of Delaware.
Early life and education
Larson earned her doctorate in history at the University of New Hampshire. A graduate of Simmons College (B.A. Economics and History, 1980, M.A. 1995) and Northeastern University (MBA, 1986), she lives in Winchester, Massachusetts. She is an author, historian, and consultant.
Career
As Bound for the Promised Land was published, two other non-juvenile biographies of Tubman were published: Harriet Tubman: The Life and the Life Stories, by Jean M. Humez, and Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom by Catherine Clinton. Dr. Larson has been a consultant and interpretive specialist for numerous museum, community and public history initiatives related to Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad in Maryland, Delaware, and New York, including the 125 mile Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Byway, an All-American Road, the NPS Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Park Special Resource Study, and the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park and Visitor Center in Maryland.
In 2001, Larson published an article titled "The Saturday Evening Girls: A Progressive Era Library Club and the Intellectual Life of Working Class and Immigrant Girls in Turn-of-the-Century Boston" in the journal The Library Quarterly. She has also written “Racing for Freedom: Harriet Tubman’s Underground Railroad Network Through New York,” Afro-Americans In New York Life and History, Vol. 36 No. 1, January 2012, and contributed articles and reviews to a variety of other publications.
Another book by Larson, The Assassin's Accomplice, about Mary Surratt's role in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, was published in 2008.
Larson is also the author of Rosemary: The Hidden Kennedy Daughter, about Rosemary Kennedy, the disabled sister of President John F. Kennedy. [Houghton, Mifflin, Harcourt October 2015.]
Awards and honors
Wilbur H. Siebert Award, National Park Service Network to Freedom Program, for outstanding research on Harriet Tubman, her community, and the Underground Railroad. September 2015.
Commendation, South Carolina House of Representatives Resolution, Bill 4234, for “significant work” on the life of Harriet Tubman. March 2013.
Education Excellence Award 2007, Maryland Historical Trust. For the Finding a Way to Freedom Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad Tour, Dorchester and Caroline counties, Maryland.
Legacy Fellowship, American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Mass.
Price Research Fellowship, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan
Fellowship, John Nicholas Brown Center for the Study of American Civilization, Brown University
University Dissertation Fellowship, University of New Hampshire
Margaret Storrs Grierson Scholar-in-Residence Fellowship, Sophia Smith Collection, Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
Mary Catherine Mooney Fellowship, Boston Athenaeum
and other fellowship and research enhancement awards from the University of New Hampshire.
See also
Kate Larson in Harriet Tubman
References
Further reading
External links
http://www.harriettubmanbiography.com/ Kate Larson's Harriet Tubman website.
https://web.archive.org/web/20060917003850/http://www.virginia.edu/uvanewsmakers/newsmakers/larson.html
February 10, 2004 Boston Athenaeum lecture
Review of recent Tubman biographies
Underground Railroad Research Forum User Profile: Kate Clifford Larson
NPS Harriet Tubman Special Resource Study
University of New Hampshire alumni
Simmons University alumni
Northeastern University alumni
21st-century American historians
Living people
American women historians
21st-century American women writers
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Larson%20%28historian%29
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Gregory A. Kasavin (; born August 21, 1977) is an American writer and designer for Supergiant Games, and the former site director and executive editor at the gaming website GameSpot for over 10 years.
Early life and education
Kasavin attended University of California, Berkeley.
Career
Prior to working at GameSpot, he worked on Newtype Gaming Magazine. Kasavin also ran a small website called Arcadia Magazine, which reviewed video games and films, and eventually led to his internship at GameSpot. He joined GameSpot in November 1996. On January 3, 2007, GameSpot announced Kasavin's resignation from his position as editor-in-chief. Kasavin worked for Electronic Arts' Los Angeles Studio as associate producer for the PC version of Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars and as a producer for Command & Conquer: Red Alert 3 and its expansion Uprising. While working for EA-LA he hosted a program called Command School, part of Command & Conquer TV, which helps players gain experience at C&C games. He later took a position at 2K Games working as a publishing producer on Spec Ops: The Line.
Kasavin is working at Supergiant Games, and was the writer and creative director of Bastion, Transistor, Pyre, and Hades.
References
External links
Interview with Kasavin
State of Play interview
Getting To Know GameSpot, Episode IX: Greg Kasavin
1977 births
Living people
American male journalists
CNET
Electronic Arts employees
Nebula Award winners
Russian emigrants to the United States
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Video game producers
American video game designers
Video game writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Kasavin
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A windfall tax is a higher tax rate on profits that ensue from a sudden windfall gain to a particular company or industry. There have been windfall taxes in various countries across the world, including Australia, Italy, and Mongolia. Following the 2021–2023 global energy crisis, policy specialists at the International Monetary Fund recommended that governments institute windfall profits taxes targeted at economic rents in the energy sector, excluding renewable energy to prevent hindering its further development.
Australia
In Australia, windfall taxes include:
Commonwealth places windfall tax, imposed under the Commonwealth Places Windfall Tax (Collection) Act 1998 (1998 No 25) and the Commonwealth Places Windfall Tax (Imposition) Act 1998 (1998 No 26)
Franchise fees windfall tax, imposed under the Franchise Fees Windfall Tax (Collection) Act 1997 (1997 No 132), Franchise Fees Windfall Tax (Imposition) Act 1997 (1997 No 133), and Franchise Fees Windfall Tax (Consequential Amendments) Act 1997 (1997 No 134)
In both cases, windfall tax originates in High Court decisions that certain state taxes were unconstitutional. Thus, the States were required to repay to the taxpayers the amounts previously collected under these unconstitutional taxes. The purpose of the windfall taxes were to treat these repayments as income to the taxpayer, and impose a Commonwealth tax upon that income at a rate of 100%. Thus, even though the tax laws in question had been declared unconstitutional, the taxpayers effectively did not receive any repayments; rather, the amounts due back to them from the States were taxed by the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth would then repay these amounts to the States, with the result that the States were not in any financial disadvantage.
Mongolia
Mongolia implemented in 2006 taxation on the profits made by mining companies operating in Mongolia. A tax on unsmelted copper and gold concentrate produced in Mongolia, it was the highest windfall tax in the world. The tax was repealed in 2009 and phased out over two years. Repealing the 68% tax law was considered essential to enable foreign mining companies to invest in mineral resources development of Mongolia.
United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, an early one-off windfall tax was levied on certain bank deposits as part of the 1981 budget under Margaret Thatcher. In 1997, the government of Tony Blair introduced a Windfall Tax for privatised utility companies. In 2022, Boris Johnson's government announced a windfall tax for energy companies, to help fund a package to relieve the UK cost of living crisis.
United States
In 1980, the United States enacted the Crude Oil Windfall Profit Tax Act (P.L. 96-223) as part of a compromise between the Carter Administration and the Congress over the decontrol of crude oil prices. The Act was intended to recoup the revenue earned by oil producers as a result of the sharp increase in oil prices brought about by the OPEC oil embargo. According to the Congressional Research Service, the Act's title was a misnomer. "Despite its name, the crude oil windfall profit tax... was not a tax on profits. It was an excise tax... imposed on the difference between the market price of oil, which was technically referred to as the removal price, and a statutory 1979 base price that was adjusted quarterly for inflation and state severance taxes."
Criticism
In a February 12, 2008, editorial titled "Record Profits Mean Record Taxes", Investor's Business Daily said that regular income taxes already take into account the high profits, and that there's no need to do anything extra to tax or punish the oil companies. As an example, the editorial states "Consider the magnitude of the contributions from Exxon alone. On those 'outlandish' 2006 profits, the company paid federal income taxes of $27.9 billion, leaving it with $39.5 billion in after-tax income. That $27.9 billion was more than was collected from half of individual taxpayers in 2004. In that year, 65 million returns—which represent far more than 65 million taxpayers because of joint returns—paid $27.4 billion in federal income taxes."
In an August 4, 2008, editorial titled "What Is a 'Windfall' Profit?", The Wall Street Journal wrote: "What is a 'windfall' profit anyway? ... Take Exxon Mobil, which on Thursday reported the highest quarterly profit ever and is the main target of any 'windfall' tax surcharge. Yet if its profits are at record highs, its tax bills are already at record highs too... Exxon's profit margin stood at 10% for 2007... If that's what constitutes windfall profits, most of corporate America would qualify... 51 Senators voted to impose a 25% windfall tax on a U.S.-based oil company whose profits grew by more than 10% in a single year... This suggests that a windfall is defined by profits growing too fast.... But if 10% is the new standard, the tech industry is going to have to rethink its growth arc... General Electric profits by investing in the alternative energy technology that President Obama says Congress should subsidize even more heavily than it already does. GE's profit margin in 2007 was 10.3%, about the same as profiteering Exxon's." The profit margin listed in the article for General Electric included all of their diversified industries, of which energy technology is only one among many (such as aircraft engine manufacturing and media production), whereas ExxonMobil deals strictly with oil and gas and therefore has profits solely derived from oil and gas.
Scandinavia
In Sweden, hydro power is subject to a property tax and nuclear power to a capacity-based tax. Both taxes were raised at the beginning of 2008 due to higher windfall profits. Norway similarly imposed, as of 2009, a ground rent tax on hydro-electric power plants, and Finland announced its intention in 2009 to tax nuclear and hydro power as of 2010 or 2011.
On solar power
Rapid drop of photovoltaic equipment in the period 2011 to 2013 has created windfall profits conditions due to lagging response of regulators by adjustment of feed-in tariffs. Regulators in Spain, Greece, Bulgaria and Romania have introduced retroactive incentive reductions. In the Czech Republic a windfall tax has been introduced on solar electricity and further clampdown of solar power companies was considered in 2014.
Notes
References
External links
Corporate taxation
Corporate taxation in the United Kingdom
Corporate taxation in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windfall%20tax
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Magnus Hovdal Moan (born 26 August 1983) is a retired Norwegian Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2002 until 2019.
Background
Magnus moved from Lillehammer when he was two years old and has lived in Trondheim ever since. He skis with the Byåsen IL club. When he is not training or competing Moan works for a company called Doka Norge A/S. It is a sister-company of Doka Austria. They rent/sell shuttering accessories to building constructors. Moan is tall, his weight is .
Career
Moan finished second in the 2005–06 FIS Nordic Combined World Cup. Moan is a solid ski jumper, but his strength lies in his cross-country skiing. He won one world cup event in the 2005–06 season, in the sprint in Ramsau am Dachstein, Austria, and finished a race outside of the top eight only once this season. In the 2004–05 season, he finished fifth, eighth in the 2003–04 season, and forty-first in the 2002–03 season.
Moan won an Olympic bronze medal in the Nordic combined on 11 February 2006 in the 15 km individual. He jumped 97.5 m and 97 m scoring 237.5 points after both jumps, leaving him one minute, forty seconds behind Georg Hettich, who won the ski jumping phase. He then skied the 15 km race in 39:44.6, 16.2 seconds behind the winner Hettich, beating fellow countryman Petter Tande in a photo finish. On 21 February 2006, Moan won a silver in the 7.5 km sprint. He completed the race in 18:34.4, 5.4 seconds behind winner Felix Gottwald of Austria.
Moan also has five medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with one gold (4 x 5 km team: 2005), two silvers (7.5 km sprint: 2005, 2007), and two bronzes (4 x 5 km team: 2007 and 2009). He also won the individual Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 2005.
External links
– click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
Nordic Eagles biography of Moan
, and
1983 births
Living people
Skiers from Trondheim
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Norway
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Olympic bronze medalists for Norway
Olympic medalists in Nordic combined
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Holmenkollen medalists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus%20Moan
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Trisakti University (Usakti, Trisakti) is Indonesia's largest private university located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Trisakti University, is the only private university in Indonesia which was established by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia. Founded on 29 November 1965, the university has more than 20,000 active students and has produced more than 100,000 alumni. Trisakti University currently employs 742 tenured faculty members (82%) and 160 part-time lecturers (18%).
History
Baperki University (1958–1962)
In 1958, Res Publica University was established as Baperki University by Baperki, an organization of Indonesians of Chinese descent.
Res Publica University (1962–1965)
The name "University Res Publica" was taken from a presidential address delivered by President Sukarno, and means "for the public interest". The school was destroyed after the attempted coup in Indonesia, Baperki banned, and Trisakti University established to replace the destroyed university. Many former students were banned over allegations of ties to the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
Trisakti University (1965-onwards)
There were originally five faculties at Trisakti University:
Faculty of Engineering with five departments (Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering Architecture and Fine Arts)
Faculty of Dentistry
Faculty of Medicine
Faculty of Economics with two subjects (Economics and Accounting)
Faculty of Law and Knowledge Society
Since 1980, several additional faculties were established to cope with fast technological development in Indonesia. The university currently has nine faculties.
1998 military shootings
The Trisakti shootings (Indonesian: Tragedi Trisakti [ˈtraɡedi trisakˈti], literally "Trisakti Tragedy") occurred at Trisakti University on 12 May 1998. At a demonstration demanding President Suharto's resignation, soldiers opened fire on unarmed protestors. Four students were killed and dozens more were injured. The shootings contributed to widespread student unrest and rioting during the Indonesian Revolution of 1998, which led to the resignation of President Suharto.
The Trisakti Museum was established in commemoration of the incident.
Building and locations
Trisakti has several campuses around Jabodetabek.
Jakarta campuses
A Campus is the main campus, located at Jl. Kyai Tapa no. 1 Grogol Jakarta Barat 11440. Administrative Center (Rektorat), Faculty of Law, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Faculty of Mineral Technology, Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Arts and Design, and Graduate School Programs.
B Campus, located at Jl. Kyai Tapa Kav 262 Grogol Jakarta Barat 11440. Faculty of Medical Sciences and Faculty of Dentistry.
C Campus, located at Jl. A. Yani (By Pass) Kav. 85, Rawasari, Jakarta Timur 13210.
D Campus, located at Jl. IKPN Tanah Kusir Bintaro Jakarta Selatan 12330. This is the main campus of Sekolah Tinggi Pariwisata Trisakti (STPT).
F Campus, located at Jl. Jenderal Ahmad Yani No 107 By Pass, Rawasari, Jakarta Timur 13210. This campus has another part of Faculty of Economics.
G Campus, located at Jl. Kyai Tapa no. 100 Grogol Jakarta Barat 11440. Trisakti Medical Center and some lecture halls for Faculty of Medical Sciences.
West Java campus
Nagrak campus is the largest campus (124 ha), located at Jl. KH. Rafei-Alternatif Cibubur, Km 6, Bogor 16968. Temporary Management Office, Center of Science Technology and Community Development (CSTCD).
Organizations
Faculties
The university has nine faculties:
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Dentistry
Faculty of Economics and Business
Department of Accounting
Department of Management
Department of Economics
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Architecture
Faculty of Industrial Technology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Electrical Engineering
Department of Industrial Engineering
Department of Informatics and Information Systems
Faculty of Earth Technology and Energy
Department of Petroleum Engineering
Department of Geology Engineering
Department of Mining Engineering
Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Environmental Technology
Department of Landscape Architecture
Department of Environmental Engineering
Department of Regional and City Planning
Faculty of Arts and Design
Department of Photography
Department of Interior Design
Department of Product Design
Department of Cinematography
Academic profile
Reputation and recognition
Trisakti University has achieved world recognition in general, and particularly for the quantity and quality level of the job uptake for graduates.
International recognition of the visible courses from Trisakti University has held:
Double Degree Bachelor Program on 12 courses with Indiana-Purdue University Indianapolis, US; University of Missouri St. Louis, US; Curtin University, Sydney, Australia; Hogeschool Utrecht, University of Applied Science, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Northampton University, United Kingdom, Koffie Annan Business School The Netherlands, Saxion University of Applied Science of The Netherlands, Curtin University, Perth Western Australia, Inholland University of Applied Science The Netherlands.
Double Degree Master of Management at the Maastricht School of Management, the Netherlands, Markfield Institute of Higher Education UK, La Trobe University in Australia, Prince of Songkla University Thailand, United Emirates University, and the Asian Institute of Management in the Philippines.
International Class Doctoral Program with the Maastricht School of Management Netherlands, Colorado State University, US, Markfield Institute of Higher Education UK, La Trobe University in Australia.
In addition, international recognition is characterized by the presence of a number of foreign students from more than five countries. Whereas recognition of the quality nationally marked by the increasing quality of accreditation. In the academic year 2013/2014 of 45 study programs held by Trisakti University were accredited.
In addition, the Faculty of Medicine of Trisakti University, the result of Indonesia physician competency test (UKDI) is good, with a passing grade to 90% equal with other faculty of medicine in leading universities. The Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University is the only faculty of medicine which currently the graduates own certificate from the Center of Work Development and Hiperkes, so that the graduates of the Faculty of Medicine Trisakti University can directly work in the companies.
Next is that the 23 lecturers have national achievement by gaining trust to be a team / resource / jury nationally. Trisakti University lecturers are also trusted from the National Accreditation of University Board - Ministry of National Education is marked by the appointment of 15 tenured faculties of the faculty of the Trisakti University to become national assessors. Some lecturers earn the trust as Assessor of Certification Expertise.
The uptake of the working world can be measured with the alumni position indicator, the waiting span to get a job, the suitability of science, and the recognition of user graduates. Based on the alumni search results year 2013/2014, data showed that the average waiting span to get a job for graduates is less than three months, and considered very good; and good on the attributes of integrity, professionalism, communication, cooperation, self-development, and IT skills ability. This achievement needs to be improved, especially in terms of suitability science.
Quality and quantity uptake world of work cannot be separated from the academic achievements in the form of hard skills and soft skills competence, as well as character development of Trisakti University's graduates. Until the academic year 2013/2014, there are 104.247 graduates who occupy important positions in the country, such as Governor of Jakarta and the Chairman of the House of Representatives. Besides, there are alumni who work abroad, such as in America, Europe, Australia, Canada, Africa, Middle East, China, Malaysia and Singapore.
Research
In the field of research, in 2013 and 2014 Trisakti University won the competition to obtain a grant from the Directorate of Research and Community Services, Dikti, total of 39 studies, with details MP3EI 2 studies, 3 Fundamental research grants, competitive grants: 11 studies, Leading Research Universities: 20 studies, RAPID: 1 and 2 studies Doctoral dissertation. Lecturers involved in 38 research over 120 lecturers of 742 lecturers at 16% overall. Additionally, obtained funds from outside of the ministry as much as Rp 283.400.000 and €18,156 or equivalent to Rp 290.496.000.
Trisakti University also fund research conducted in each faculty lecturer in 216 studies, carried out by 277 lecturers and 70 students. So, the total of 252 research studies conducted at Rp 5.946.067.000. This amount has been far beyond the standard AIPT average amount of research funding per faculty per year to Rp 13 million (> Rp. 3 million). Although in terms of the amount of research still needs to be improved further.
The increase in the number and amount of research funding that can be obtained from the Dikti is possible because since 2012, in terms of research, Trisakti University inserted into the top by the Dikti, which means that Trisakti University has been appointed as the manager of the research program of decentralization of funds from Ditjen Dikti and have Internal Reviewer for that decentralization program.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) obtained Trisakti University in the academic year 2013/2014 amounted to 20. The good news in the field of research also occurred in the academic year 2013/2014 in which there is scientific papers presented at a national seminar were 58 papers and 18 papers at international seminars.
Community service
According to the vision and mission of the Institute of Community Services (LPKM), which refers to the vision and mission of the university, the purpose of LPKM is to support and accelerate the creation of a prosperous society and its environmental sustainability. During the academic year 2013/2014 Trisakti University planned to implement the program amounted to 416 programs consisting of as many as 341 mono-discipline programs and multi-disciplinary program of 75 courses, or 115.2% of the plan, meaning there is an additional 15.2% as much as 55 activities. Lecturers involved in the implementation of the PKM program with a record number of 1.246 faculty lecturer can carry out more than one activity, while the number of students involved are 274 people.
Institute for Community Services is very responsive to emergency natural disasters that often occur in Jakarta, especially in Tambora Village, Bambu Utara Village, Tanjung Duren Utara Village, Jembatan Besi Village, Jati Pulo Village, Duri Pulo Village, Wijaya Kusuma Village, Jelambar Baru Village and Petojo Utara Village. In addition to regular PKM, there is also a working visit from Terengganu Malaysia University on 24–29 March 2014, chaired by Prof. Madya, Dr. Nur Azura Bt Sanusi.
The community service program is performed by students from various faculties / courses that exist in the scope Trisakti University in the form of Independent Business Class program - Science Applied Technology (KUM-ITT). In the academic year 2013/2014 KUM-ITT program has been implemented in six villages locations of three districts in Pandeglang, Banten. KUM-ITT program was attended by 135 students who have passed the selection. The number of programs that have been implemented in KUM- ITT are 144 programs include 10 programs Applicable Technology (TTG) and other programs in the fields of law, health, economic, environmental, social, physical, and others.
Out of 77 multi-disciplinary programs, academic year 2013/2014 that work well and there is a link between the program with one another in terms of its integration in a multi-discipline in accordance with the substance of each well completion and management program implementation refers to the participation of technology.
At the international level, Community Services Institute cooperated with Colorado State University, especially in the field of Community Development.
Notable alumni and academics
Notable alumni
Academics and scientists
Ir. Henri Uranus, M.T., Ph.D. (Head of Electrical Engineering Department, Pelita Harapan University, Indonesia)
Ir. Iman Herwidiana Kartowisastro, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Vice Rector Academic Development & Provost, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia)
Ir. Theresia Widya Suryaningsih, M.M. (First Rector, Bina Nusantara University, Indonesia)
Prof. Wenny Rahayu (Head of School of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Australia)
Business people
Andre Rosiade, S.E., (Popular business people
Lawyers
Haris Azhar (Advocate, Director of Lokataru Foundation, Lecturer for law faculty of Trisakti University and Sekolah Tinggi Hukum Jentera Indonesia, Head of Human Rights Division on Indonesian Bar Association, Former Coordinator of KontraS, Former of Executive Member of FORUM ASIA)
Usman Hamid (Executive Director of Amnesty International Indonesia, Former Coordinator of Kontras)
Authors
Dr. Marga Tjoa (Indonesian writer in popular romance and children's literature)
Dr. Mira Widjaja (novelist)
Dr. Nova Riyanti Yusuf (novelist, psychiatrist, member of People's Representative Council, 2009-2014)
Media and artists
Griffiths Anna (TV actor)
Lukman Sardi (actor)
Bunga Citra Lestari (actress)
Maria Harfanti (Miss Indonesia 2015)
Alya Rohali (Puteri Indonesia 1996)
Marissa Haque (actress)
Hilbram Dunar (TV presenter)
Sarah Sechan (actress)
Pica Wiriahardja (newscaster)
Ibrahim Imran (singer)
Happy Salma (actress)
Gista Putri (actor)
Jessica Iskandar (actress)
Igo Pentury (Winner Indonesian Idol 2010)
Kerent Pagustian (Musicians)
Arief Muhammad (novelist)
Putri Titian (actress)
Mira Widjaja (author)
Politicians
Dr. H. Adhyaksa Dault, S.H., M.Si. (State Minister for Youth and Sport Affairs on United Indonesia Cabinet, 2004–2009)
Ir. H. Alex Noerdin, S.H., (15th Governor of South Sumatra)
Ir. Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, M.M. (17th Governor of Jakarta)
Dede Yusuf Macan Effendi, S.T. (Vice Governor of West Java province, 2008-2013)
M. Aziz Syamsuddin, S.E., S.H., MAF, M.H. (Head of Third Commission, People's Representative Council, 2014-2019)
Drs. Setya Novanto, Ak. (speaker of the Indonesia People's Representative Council, 2014-2015)
Yenny Wahid (Director of Wahid Institute)
Wanda Hamidah (DPRD DKI Jakarta, 2009-2014)
Drg. Putih Sari (member of the Indonesia People's Representative Council)
Professionals
Ir. Bobby Gafur Umar, MBA (Head of The Institution of Engineers Indonesia (2012–present, Chief Executive Officer of Bakrie & Brothers Tbk.)
Public servants
Muhammad Sapta Murti, Deputy for Legislations, Ministry of State Secretariat of RI
Sport people
Rudy Hartono (Badminton)
Christian Ronaldo Sitepu (Basketball)
Notable academics
Ir. Djiteng Marsudi (President Director of Perusahaan Listrik Negara, Indonesia, 1995-1998)
Prof. Ir. Syamsir Abduh, MM, PhD (Member of National Energy Board, Indonesia)
Sofyan Basir (President Director of Bank Negara Indonesia 2005–2010, President Director of Perusahaan Listrik Negara 2014-now)
Ir. Hendra Santika, M.M (director of development Aneka Tambang ANTAM)
Cahaya Dwi Rembulan Sinaga (Bank Mandiri commissioner)
Pataniari Siahaan (Bank Negara Indonesia BNI commissioner)
Symbol
In June 1966, Trisakti University began using the symbol of a trident which was decided after holding a contest. The symbol is a refinement by Eko Purwoto, who was assigned to make improvements to the designs that came from the contest.
The trident logo covers:
Political sovereignty
Governmental economy
Indonesian culture
References
External links
Official website
Trisakti Alumni Association
Trisakti School of Economics
West Jakarta
1965 establishments in Indonesia
Educational institutions established in 1965
Universities in Indonesia
Private universities and colleges
Universities in Jakarta
Private universities and colleges in Jakarta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisakti%20University
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Nideggen () is a town in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Rur, in the Eifel hills, approx. 15 km south of Düren.
Nideggen is known for its ruined, but partly restored castle (Burg Nideggen) and the sandstone rocks along the Rur. It is twinned with Thatcham in Berkshire, England. The first mention in history was in 1184.
The town was created in 1972 by amalgamation of eight until then independent communities: Abenden (782 inhabitants), Berg-Thuir (709), Brück (301), Embken (734), Muldenau (161), Nideggen (2,983), Rath (757), Schmidt (2,974), Wollersheim (637) (December 2014). It is situated between 250 and 450 metres above sea level.
Geographical position
Nideggen lies on the river Rur and at the banks of the Rurtalsperre, the second largest dam in Germany. The region is famous for its precipitous Early Triassic rocks of Buntsandstein in the valley of Rur and is situated between 250 and 450 metres over sea level.
Museums
In the municipally-owned Nideggen Castle is the unique Castle Museum of the Rhineland. The Düren Gate (Dürener Tor), one of the symbols of the town, hosts regular art exhibitions.
References
Düren (district)
Districts of the Rhine Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nideggen
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The WSKG Public Telecommunications Council, Inc. (WSKG, Inc.) is a non-profit public broadcasting organization serving Central, Western, and the Southern Tier of New York State, and Northeast Pennsylvania, with offices based in Vestal (near Binghamton).
WSKG, Inc. owns and operates the following stations:
WSKG-TV, a PBS member station operating on virtual channel 46, digital 31; repeated in digital on WSKA-DT channel 30 in Corning, New York
WSKG-FM, an NPR member station, 89.3 FM, featuring news and public affairs, plus classical music
WSQX-FM, an NPR member station, 91.5 FM, featuring news and public affairs from NPR, Pacifica, and other sources, plus jazz music.
Due to the hilly terrain of the Southern Tier region, WSKG's radio stations are retransmitted on various repeaters and translators throughout the region. WSKG originally also had a network of low-powered television repeaters as well, but were shut down due to high costs.
WSKG, Inc. was also a license holder for WIOX, 91.3 FM, in Roxbury, New York (Delaware County) until it was sold in 2018.
External links
WSKG Official Site
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Radio broadcasting companies of the United States
Public broadcasting in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSKG%20Public%20Telecommunications%20Council
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The Belgian Fourth Division A was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system, the others being the Belgian Fourth Division B, C and D. This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league. The league was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division.
The final clubs
— S.V.V. Damme admitted to fill vacancy after R.A.E.C. Mons' bankruptcy on winning repêchage play-offs.
See also
Belgian Third Division
Belgian Fourth Division
Belgian Provincial leagues
Belgian football league system
References
A
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20Fourth%20Division%20A
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Boies is both a surname and a given name. Notable people with the name include:
Surname
David Boies (born 1941), lawyer and Chairman of Boies, Schiller & Flexner
Horace Boies (1827–1923), served as Governor of Iowa from 1890 to 1894
Jean-Christophe Boies, Canadian musician
Jean-Sébastien Boies, Canadian musician
Mary Boies, American lawyer and businesswoman
William Dayton Boies (1857–1932), former Republican congressman for Iowa
Given name
Boies Penrose (1860–1921), American lawyer and Republican politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Jeremiah Smith Boies De Veber (1830–1908), Canadian politician and businessman
See also
Boies, Schiller & Flexner, American law firm founded by David Boies and Jonathan Schiller in 1997
Boie
Boyce (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boies
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The Belgian Fourth Division B was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system, the other ones being the Belgian Fourth Division A, C and D. This division existed from the 1952–53 to 2015–16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league. The league was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division.
The final clubs
— RWDM's number 5479 was previously held by K. Standaard Wetteren which merged with R.R.C. Wetteren to become R.F.C. Wetteren.
— R. Charleroi CF won the second round of the Belgian interprovincial play-off
— K.S.K. Halle won the Brabant Division One play-off
See also
Belgian Third Division
Belgian Fourth Division
Belgian Provincial leagues
Belgian football league system
References
B
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20Fourth%20Division%20B
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The Belgian Third Division C was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system, the other ones being the Belgian Fourth Division A, B and D. This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league. The league was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division.
The final clubs
K.F.C. Nijlen won the Antwerp Division One promotion play-off.
See also
Belgian Third Division
Belgian Fourth Division
Belgian Provincial leagues
Belgian football league system
References
C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20Fourth%20Division%20C
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Sergio Chiamparino (born 1 September 1948) is an Italian politician. He was the mayor of Turin from 2001 to 2011, and the president of Piedmont from 2014 to 2019. He is also the author of several books, including Semplicemente sindaco (2006, with ), La sfida. Oltre il Pd per tornare a vincere. Anche al Nord (2010), Cordata con sindaco (2011, with Valter Giuliano), and TAV. Perché sì (2018, with Piero Fassino).
Early life and career
Born in Moncalieri, Piedmont, into a working-class family, Chiamparino obtained a diploma in and then graduated in political science at the University of Turin, where he worked as a researcher until 1975. That same year, he started his political career in his native city as head of the Italian Communist Party in the town council of Moncalieri. In 1974, he served in the artillery regiment of the Alpini. From 1975 to 1980, he was coordinator of the Economic Planning of the Piedmont Region. From 1985 to 1987, he was an official in the European Parliament. Returning to Italy, from 1989 to 1991, he was regional secretary of the trade union CGIL. He joined the Democratic Party of the Left on its formation and was its provincial secretary from 1991 to 1995.
In 1993, Chiamparino was elected as city councillor of Turin. With 51.3% of the votes in Turin's fourth single-member district, he was elected to the country's Chamber of Deputies in the 1996 Italian general election, following an upset in the left-leaning district of Mirafiori (Turin's seventh single-member district) in the 1994 Italian general election to the centre-right coalition candidate , a former Freemason who later became a primate of the Orthodox Church in Italy. With less than half a percentage deficit from Meluzzi at about 31% of the popular vote, Chiamparino had lost in 1994 by less than 400 votes.
Mayor of Turin
In May 2001, Chiamparino was elected mayor of Turin as a member of the Democrats of the Left, succeeding to Valentino Castellani; he oversaw the organization for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, and the city's transition into a post-industrial society. His strategic vision focused on economic development and social cohesion. This included the conversion of Turin's traditional manufacturing and automobile industry with the technical-scientific business sector, as well as the renewal of its industrial areas, and making Turin a centre for industrial innovation and the information and communication businesses. He saw the Olympics as a way for the city to invest in major logistic and infrastructures, increase cultural and tourist initiatives, and promote Turin on the worldwide stage.
As mayor of Turin, Chiamparino supported European integration and the completion of the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway, and said that the city must be a human and safe community, where minorities and vulnerable people are part of its civic society, to ensure its long-term success. He developed several projects to improve the city's quality of life, including housing, education, and the elderly, as well as the integration of first and second-generation non-European Union immigrants, and training-linked employment prospects. Chiamparino enacted a series of measures to combat crime and increase safety. He saw the protection of the environment as inevitable linked to the promotion of public health, and linked a higher environmental quality to bigger economic growth and investment.
In May 2006, Chiamparino was re-elected the mayor of Turin with 66.6% of votes, defeating the centre-right coalition candidate Rocco Buttiglione. During his mayoralty rule, he was among the country's most popular and appreciated mayors. From 2009 to 2011, he was also president of the . In May 2012, he was elected chairman of .
During the first three ballots of the 2013 Italian presidential election held on 18–19 April, before Giorgio Napolitano reluctantly agreed on 20 April to seek an unprecedented second term as the president of Italy, Chiamparino received 41, 90, and 4 votes, respectively. The Renziani wing of the Democratic Party (PD), the party Chiamparino belonged to, identified him as their flag candidate as opposed to the official candidate Franco Marini, the former Italian minister and president of the Senate of the Republic, who was also supported by The People of Freedom, Civic Choice, and later on by Brothers of Italy. After the first ballot, he emerged as the third most voted candidate after Marini (521 votes), whose candidacy collapsed, and Stefano Rodotà (240 votes), the Five Star Movement (M5S) candidate.
President of Piedmont
In February 2014, Chiamparino resigned from his position at Fondazione San Paolo to pursue a presidential run for the Piedmont region. In the 2014 Piedmontese regional election held on 25 May, in a landslide win with 47.1% of the votes over the 22.1% of the votes by the second-placed candidate Gilberto Pichetto Fratin of the centre-right coalition, he was elected president of the Regional Council of Piedmont. On 31 July 2014, he was unanimously elected president of the Conference of Regions and Autonomous Provinces by winning the challenges of Enrico Rossi, the then president of Tuscany, and Claudio Burlando, the then president of Liguria; all three were supported by part of the PD, and Chiamparino replaced Vasco Errani, also a member of the PD and the outgoing president of Emilia-Romagna. Stefano Caldoro, the president of Campania for the centre-right coalition, was designated as the vice president. On 22 October 2015, he resigned from his position due to the judgement given by the country's Court of the Audit on the budget of the Piedmont region; his resignation was frozen at the request of his fellow presidents. In December 2015, he was succeeded by fellow party member Stefano Bonaccini.
For the 2019 Piedmontese regional election, Chiamparino initially stated in June 2018 that he would not run for a second term. In September 2018, he declared his intention to run for re-election in the next regional election. Before Chiara Appendino, the mayor of Turin for the M5S, decided to withdraw from the bidding process, he supported the joint candidacy of Turin, Milan, and Cortina d'Ampezzo for the 2026 Winter Olympics. As a supporter of the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway, he criticized the first Conte government for its opposition, led mainly by the M5S. In March 2019, he called for a referendum about the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway, to be held on the same day as the regional election, and asked to the then Italian Minister of the Interior, Matteo Salvini, to allow it; both Giuseppe Conte, the then Prime Minister of Italy, and Salvini rejected the idea. In the election held on 26 May, Chiamparino lost 49.9%–35.8% to the centre-right coalition candidate Alberto Cirio, and acknowledged the defeat. Despite the loss, he managed to get elected to the Regional Council of Piedmont.
Personal life
Chiamparino is married to Anna, and has a son, Tommaso. He is a well-known supporter of Torino FC, which he helped to save from going bankrupt in 2005–2006.
Works
Chiamparino has written various books, some in the form of interviews, on his political-administrative experience. They include the chapter Le ristrutturazioni industriali in Problemi del movimento sindacale in Italia 1943-1973, published by Feltrinelli in 1976; Municipio. Dialogo su Torino e il governo locale con Giuseppe Berta e Bruno Manghi, published by in 2002; La città che parla: i torinesi e il loro sindaco, published by Mondadori in 2003; Semplicemente sindaco, written with journalist and published by Cairo Publishing in 2006, La sfida. Oltre il Pd per tornare a vincere. Anche al Nord, published by Einaudi in 2010; Cordata con sindaco, written with Valter Giuliano about Chiamparino's passion for the mountains and mountaineering, and published by CDA & VIVALDA in 2011; and Tav. Perchè sì, written with fellow politician Piero Fassino about the Turin–Lyon high-speed railway (TAV) and published by Baldini & Castoldi in 2018.
Electoral history
First-past-the-post elections
Honours
Grand Official Order of Merit of the Italian Republic, 2 June 2007.
References
External links
Curriculum vitae at Fondazione Artea
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1948 births
20th-century Italian politicians
21st-century Italian politicians
Alpini
Candidates for President of Italy
Democratic Party (Italy) politicians
Democratic Party of the Left politicians
Democrats of the Left politicians
Deputies of Legislature XIII of Italy
Grand Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Italian Communist Party politicians
Living people
Mayors of Turin
Members of the Regional Council of Piedmont
People from Moncalieri
Presidents of Piedmont
Turin communal councillors
University of Turin alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio%20Chiamparino
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Woodlawn School is a private independent school in Mooresville, North Carolina in Iredell County, north of Davidson, North Carolina. Founded in 2002, it has 209 students in grades Pre-K through 12. The Head of School is Paul Zanowski, who joined Woodlawn's staff in 2019. Woodlawn was accredited in 2009 by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Southern Association of Independent Schools, and was re-accredited in 2014.
History
Woodlawn School was founded in 2002, on a historic piece of property (Wood Lawn) in the burgeoning Lake Norman area. The historic planter's home was originally built in 1836 and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. That home was renovated in 2003, named Stinson Hall in honor of its original owner, and now serves as the school's administration building. The school's first major building project, completed in 2008 at a cost of $2.8 million, was the construction of an upper school classroom building (Woods Hall) and a gymnasium/auditorium (known as the Red Barn). In 2010, a $1.1 million project was completed which provided 4 additional classrooms (Van Buren Hall) and a multipurpose room/kitchen (The Lodge). In 2016, the school completed construction on the Alumni Track and Field complex, which includes a certified 400-meter, eight-lane track, high jump pit, pole vault pit, two long jump pits, shot put area, and discus area. The interior of the track includes a natural grass soccer field built to NCAA standards.
Individual achievements
2010 marked Woodlawn's first graduation ceremony. Despite its small size and young age, Woodlawn students have already qualified for prestigious awards (52 AP Scholars, 14 National Merit Commended Scholars, 1 National Merit Scholarship Winner, 1 National Achievement Scholarship Winner).
Academics
The school year is divided into 3 trimesters, and students in grades 6–12 generally take five core courses (English, History, Math, Science, and Spanish) in addition to 2–3 enrichment courses. In upper school, 9 Advanced Placement (AP) courses are offered. The school's drama company, the Red Barn Players, performs two major productions each year.
Athletics
Woodlawn is a member of the Southern Piedmont Athletic Association for Varsity and Middle School sports (cross country, soccer, volleyball, basketball, swimming, golf, tennis, and track & field). The school won its first NCISAA 1A state championship in Varsity Boys Cross Country in 2014 and claimed consecutive titles in 2015 and 2016. The Varsity Girls Cross Country team also won the NCISAA 1A state championship in 2015, along with the Varsity Girls Soccer team.
See also
A different Woodlawn School in Mebane, North Carolina, also listed on the National Register
References
External links
Woodlawn School's website
Private high schools in North Carolina
Private middle schools in North Carolina
Educational institutions established in 2002
Private elementary schools in North Carolina
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in North Carolina
Schools in Iredell County, North Carolina
2002 establishments in North Carolina
National Register of Historic Places in Iredell County, North Carolina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodlawn%20School%20%28Mooresville%2C%20North%20Carolina%29
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The Belgian Fourth Division D () was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system, the other ones being the Belgian Fourth Division A, B and C. This division existed from the 1952–53 to 2015–16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league. The league was replaced by the Belgian Second Amateur Division.
The season was divided into three periods of ten matches to make a total of 30 games. The team with the most points was promoted to the Belgian Third Division as champion. The winners of each period (assuming they met the criteria) entered the playoffs (Eindronde in Dutch) with the other nine teams from Promotion A, B and C. The 6 winners went to the second round with the sides who finished 14th in the Third Division. The 4 winners qualified for the final and the 2 winning teams played in the Third Division the following season.
Teams who finished 16th, 15th and 14th were relegated to the Belgian Provincial Leagues. The 13th placed team had to playoff in order to stay in the division.
The final clubs
— Promoted to replace R.C.S. Verviétois.
— FC Richelle United finished first of the Liège Division One play-off, qualifying for the Belgian interprovincial play-off, which it won.
— Promoted to replace C.S. Visé.
See also
Belgian Third Division
Belgian Fourth Division
Belgian Provincial leagues
Belgian football league system
References
D
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian%20Fourth%20Division%20D
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Brigadier General John Thomas Corley (August 4, 1914 – April 16, 1977) was a career United States Army officer who served with distinction in World War II. He was also noted for his contributions to army training.
Early life
John Thomas Cole was born to Irish immigrant parents (Bridget Beatrice Surdival b. December 31, 1876 in Belcarra, County Mayo and John J. Corley b. 1872 in Castlebar, County Mayo) in Brooklyn, New York, on August 4, 1914, the day World War I began in Europe. He had a twin sister Ellen (August 4, 1914 - October 3, 1919) and a younger brother James (September 18, 1915 - January 4, 1987). He attended high school at St. Francis Preparatory High School, in Brooklyn and graduated from the class of 1932 and he is also a member of that High School's Hall of Fame. He graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1938, where he also was an accomplished boxer prior to his active duty service. One story states that after his graduation from West Point he was assigned to the Army Air Corps; where he then flew an airplane under the Brooklyn Bridge and was then reassigned to the infantry.
World War II
He fought in World War II with the 1st Infantry Division. As a major, he landed with the Big Red One in North Africa and two days later earned a Silver Star, America's third highest award for valor, for action in Oran, Algeria. Corley earned the first of his eight Silver Stars when he braved heavy small arms fire to scout out observation points for artillery observers. In March 1943, during fighting at El Guettar, Tunisia, a well-entrenched machine gun nest halted the advance of his battalion, Corley crawled to its rear under heavy fire and personally threw the grenade that silenced the gun, allowing his troops to take the hilltop. This action earned Corley the Distinguished Service Cross, America's second highest award for valor. In May 1943, Corley was promoted to lieutenant colonel, just five years after graduating from West Point.
While commanding the 3rd Battalion, 26th Infantry Regiment, in Mateur, Tunisia, Corley was wounded. He recovered and went on to fight at the front in Sicily. As the 1st Division pushed through North Africa and eventually invading Sicily, Corley picked up his second Silver Star in July 1943 when he remained at the front of an assault force to maneuver his men in an attack against heavy resistance when other units had faltered and held back. From November the 26th Infantry Regiment was commanded by Colonel John F. R. Seitz.
He landed at Normandy during D-Day and fought at the Hurtgen Forest during late 1944. He also accepted the first unconditional surrender of a German city during the war, when he accepted the surrender of Aachen by Col. Gerhard Wilck. Corley added four oak leaf clusters to his Silver Star for a total of five Silver Stars in World War II.
After the war, Corley served in a supporting role at the Nuremberg Trials. He then returned to West Point to teach as a tactical officer, followed by staff positions with the 1st Army, and graduation from the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth.
Korean War
General Corley was one of twenty-one commanders personally requested by General Douglas MacArthur for duty in the Far East shortly after the invasion of South Korea by North Korea.
He served as battalion commander of the 24th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division, a segregated regiment composed of black enlisted men and mostly white officers. Corley led his troops in close combat and earned an oak leaf cluster for his Distinguished Service Cross and three additional clusters for his Silver Star between August and November 1950. By 10 August 1950, he had earned his sixth Silver Star Medal when he again moved to the front to coordinate the attack under heavy small-arms and mortar fire. When a radio man was injured, he personally administered first aid and carried him back for evacuation. Near Haman, Korea, his battalion was fighting to take hilly and mountainous terrain when it came under a withering North Korean counter-attack. On multiple occasions when his company was beaten back by superior numbers, Corley rushed to the front and personally reorganized the retreating men to halt the enemy advance. Under heavy fire, he personally called for fire missions with brutal accuracy and devastating effect on the enemy. Corley went on to earn two additional Silver Stars in Korea. His later Silver Star citations noted that Corley would only return from the front when the division commander ordered him to do so.
After Korea, Corley served as chief of the Infantry Branch before graduating from Army War College at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, in 1954. He served with 7th Army in Europe from August 1954 to August 1957, and then served as director of the Infantry School's Infantry School's Ranger Department at Fort Benning, Georgia, from August 1957 to May 1960. He next served as deputy chief of staff, Allied Land Forces, with SHAPE in Denmark from June 1960 to May 1962. Gen Corley became assistant division commander of the 2nd Infantry Division at Fort Benning, Georgia, in June 1962, and he was assigned as chief of staff, 1st Army in New York, in June 1964. His final assignment was as deputy commanding general at the U.S. Army's Infantry Training Center, Fort Jackson, South Carolina, from January 1966 until his retirement from the Army on 30 September 1966.
General Corley died at the age of 62 on 16 April 1977. In 2003, Brigadier General Corley was posthumously inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame.
Family
He and his wife, Mrs. Mary Buckley Corley, would have 4 sons (John, James, Robert and Michael) and 2 daughters (Mary and Ellen). One son, 1LT John Thomas Corley, Jr., USMA 1967, would be killed in Vietnam. Two of his children, Michael and Ellen served as officers in the active duty army; both retiring at the rank of Colonel.
Awards and decorations
Brigadier General Corley's individual awards and decorations include two Combat Infantryman Badges, two Army Distinguished Service Crosses, the Army Distinguished Service Medal, eight Silver Stars, four bronze stars, two Legion of Merit medals, the Soldier's Medal, the Purple Heart and the Army Commendation Medal. The American Defense Service Medal, American Campaign Medal, European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal with eight campaign stars and an arrowhead, the World War II Victory Medal, Army of Occupation Medal with "Germany" clasp, two National Defense Service Medals, the Korean Service Medal with two campaign stars, the World War II French Croix De Guerre Medal with silver stars, for those who had been mentioned at the division level, the United Nations Service Medal and the Republic of Korea Korean War Service Medal (Posthumously), and the Ranger Tab. He also has the a Korean Presidential Unit Citation for the defense of the port of Pusan, Korea in 1950.
His 2nd Distinguished Service Cross Citation reads:
The President of the United States takes pleasure in presenting a Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster in lieu of a Second Award of the Distinguished Service Cross to John Thomas Corley (0-21325), Lieutenant Colonel (Infantry), U.S. Army, for extraordinary heroism in connection with military operations against an armed enemy of the United Nations while serving as Commanding Officer of the 3d Battalion, 24th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division. Lieutenant Colonel Corley distinguished himself by extraordinary heroism in action against enemy aggressor forces near Haman, Korea, during the period 21 through 23 August 1950. Two of Colonel Corley's companies had as their objective the key hill to the regimental sector, Battle Mountain. Company L led off the attack, gained the objective and while attempting to secure the position was driven back by a counterattack. Quickly estimating the situation, Colonel Corley moved from his forward command post under small-arms, machine-gun and mortar fire to a position about two hundred yards from the summit of Battle Mountain to reorganize Company L. He stopped the retreat and reorganized the position. The counterattack was checked, Colonel Corley stayed on this position until the enemy attack had been repelled. He called for artillery fire, but the liaison officer was unable to communicate with his guns. Colonel Corley returned to his command post and obtained communications through Regiment to the guns. He then directed fire on the right flank of Battle Mountain where the enemy was in the process of regrouping. This fire was effective. He then ordered Company L to retake Battle Mountain. Colonel Corley moved from his command post to Company L, where he coordinated small- arms, mortar, and artillery fire. When the attack of Company L was stopped, he directed Company I to move through Company L. Company I gained the approach ridge but later was forced to withdraw. Again Colonel Corley reorganized the men and placed Company I in reserve behind Company L. On 23 August 1950, the companies completed the mission of capturing Battle Mountain. The extraordinary heroism and inspirational leadership displayed by Colonel Corley reflects the highest credit upon himself and the military service.
References
External links
National Infantry Museum General John T. Corley – Cases 224, 223
National Infantry Museum General John T. Corley – Case 225
1914 births
1977 deaths
United States Army generals
United States Military Academy alumni
United States Army personnel of World War II
United States Army personnel of the Korean War
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Silver Star
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
American people of Irish descent
Recipients of the Soldier's Medal
United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni
United States Army War College alumni
Military personnel from Brooklyn
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Thomas%20Corley
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Heinrich Hoffmann or Hoffman may refer to:
Hoffmann
Heinrich Hoffmann (photographer) (1885–1957), German photographer
Heinrich Hoffmann (author) (1809–1894), German psychiatrist and author
Heinrich Hoffmann (sport shooter) (1869–?), German Olympic shooter
Heinrich Hoffmann (pilot) (1913–1941), World War II German flying ace
Hoffman
Anglicized form
Heinrich Hoffman (1836–1894), American Civil War veteran
See also
Heinrich Hofmann (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Hoffmann
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Human Rights in Islam is a 1976 book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami.
In the book, Maududi argues that respect for human rights has always been enshrined in Sharia law (that the roots of these rights are to be found in Islamic doctrine) and criticises Western notions that there is an inherent contradiction between the two.
See also
Human rights in Islamic countries
Pact of Umar
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
References
1976 non-fiction books
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
Human rights in Islam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20Rights%20in%20Islam%20%28book%29
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Aldenhoven () is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 5 km south-west of Jülich, 5 km north of Eschweiler and 20 km north-east of Aachen.
Gallery
Notable people
Heinrich von der Mark (1784-1865), Bavarian lieutenant-general and minister of war
Edmund Emundts (1790-1871) Lord Mayor of Aachen
Jürgen Fliege (born 1947), television pastor, in the 1980s evangelical pastor in Aldenhoven
Reinhold Yabo (born 1992), German footballer
Twin Town
Aldenhoven is twinned with the French town of Albert.
References
Düren (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldenhoven
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The West Fork of the Little Sioux River is a river in the northwestern Iowa, United States. It is a tributary to the Little Sioux River through the Garretson Outlet Ditch within the Missouri River floodplain which it enters at .
Approximately long, it courses through northwest Iowa. The headwaters arise north of Marcus in Cherokee County () and flows generally southwest through farmland in Plymouth and Woodbury counties until the meandered (old) streambed finally meets the Little Sioux River near Turin in Monona County.
However, the lower portion of the river, where the stream leaves the Loess Hills and enters the Missouri River floodplain near Holly Springs, Iowa, has been extensively channelized. Across this floodplain, most of the flow is actually carried by the Garretson and West Fork drainage ditches, which join to become the Monona-Harrison Ditch, which in turn enters the Missouri just upstream from the mouth of the Little Sioux in Harrison County.
See also
List of Iowa rivers
References
External links
Geography of Woodbury County, including West Fork of the Little Sioux watershed
Rivers of Iowa
Rivers of Cherokee County, Iowa
Rivers of Plymouth County, Iowa
Rivers of Woodbury County, Iowa
Rivers of Monona County, Iowa
Rivers of Harrison County, Iowa
Tributaries of the Missouri River
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Fork%20of%20the%20Little%20Sioux%20River
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A
AAL (Akademi Angkatan Laut) - Indonesian Naval Academy
AAU (Akademi Angkatan Udara) - Indonesian Air Force Academy
ABK (anak buah kapal) - ship's crew
ABRI (Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia) - Military of Indonesia (New Order Era)
Akmil (Akademi Militer) - Indonesian Military Academy
Alutsista (Alat Utama Sistem Senjata Tentara Nasional Indonesia) - Indonesian National Armed Forces Armaments and Munitions
AMD (ABRI Masuk Desa) - A social responsibility program by Indonesian army (ABRI), such as providing free medical service, repairing/building roads and public utilities.
AMS (Dutch: Algeme(e)ne Middelbare School) - High School or College (Dutch colonial era)
antv (Andalas Televisi) - Andalas Television (Private Television Station)
APBN (Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara). The national budget.
APRA (Angkatan Perang Ratu Adil) - a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia (1950), led by former Dutch army officer, Captain Westerling.
AS (Amerika Serikat) - USA, the United States of America
B
Bakin (Badan Koordinasi Intelijen) - Indonesian Intelligence Coordination body, renamed BIN (Indonesian State Intelligence Agency - Badan Intelijen Negara).
Bakom PKB (Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa) - an ethnic Chinese organization, led by Major Sindhunata.
Bakosurtanal (Badan Koordinasi Survei dan Pemetaan Nasional) - National Coordinating Agency for Surveying and Mapping.
Bappenas (Badan Perencanaan dan Pembangunan Nasional) Indonesian National Development Agency.
Baperki (Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia) - an ethnic Chinese organization affiliated with the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).
Basarnas (Badan SAR Nasional) - National search and rescue organization.
BKKBN (Badan Koordinasi Keluarga Berencana Nasional) - a coordinating body of family planning (Indonesian birth control) movement.
BKN (Badan Kepegawaian Negara) - Agency for government employees
BNN (Badan Narkotika Nasional) - Agency for monitoring narcotics
BPPT (Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi) - Agency for The Assestment and Application of Technology.
Berita Negara - Official Gazette of Indonesia.
BRI (Bank Rakyat Indonesia) - People's Bank of Indonesia, a state owned bank.
C
Cagub (Calon Gubenur) - Gubernatorial Candidate
Capres (Calon Presiden) - Presidential Candidate
Cawagub (Calon Wakil Gubenur) - Lieutenant Gubernatorial Candidate
Cawakot (Calon Wali Kota) - Mayoral Candidate
Cawapres (Calon Wakil Presiden) - Vice Presidential Candidate
Cerkan (Cerita Rekaan) - Fiction
Cerpen (Cerita Pendek) - Short story
D
Depdagri (Departemen Dalam Negeri) - Department of Internal Affairs
Depdikbud (Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan) - Department of Education and Culture (Suharto era)
Depdiknas (Departemen Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia) - Department of Education
Dephan (Departemen Pertahanan) - Department of Defense
Deplu (Departemen Luar Negeri) - Department of Foreign Affairs
Depsos (Departemen Sosial) - Department of Social Affairs
DI (Daerah Istimewa) - special region
DIPIAD (Dinas Pusat Intelijen Angkatan Darat) Army Central Intelligence Service
DI/TII/NII (Darul Islam/Tentara Islam Indonesia/Negara Islam Indonesia) - an extreme Muslim rebel group against Republic of Indonesia in West Java (1945–1963), led by Kartosoewiryo. Their main goal was establishing a Moslem country in Indonesia.
DJP (Direktorat Jenderal Pajak) - Directorate General of Taxation
DKI (Daerah Khusus Ibukota) - Special Capital Region (Jakarta)
DPD (Dewan Perwakilan Daerah) - Regional Representative Council
DPR (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat) - People's Representative Council
DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah) - Regional People's Representative Council
Drachin (Drama China) - Chinese dramas
Drakor (Drama Korea) - Korean dramas
E
ELS (Dutch: Europeesche Lagere School) - Primary School (Dutch colonial era).
ET (Eks Tahanan Politik) - a mark put on the ID Card (Kartu Tanda Penduduk) of former political prisoners (new order era).
G
GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka) - Free Aceh Movement, a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia (1976–2005).
Gerwani (Gerakan Wanita) - The women's organisation of the Communist Party of Indonesia.
GIA (Garuda Indonesia Airlines) - a state owned airlines (the official flag carrier), also it's ICAO code.
I
IDI (Ikatan Dokter Indonesia) - Indonesian Doctor Association
IKAPI (Ikatan Penerbit Indonesia) - Association of Indonesian Publishers
IPA (Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam) - Science
IPDN (Institut Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri) - Governance Institute of Home Affairs
IPS (Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial) - Social science
ITB (Institut Teknologi Bandung) - Bandung Institute of Technology
J
JI (Jemaah Islamiyah) - a Muslim terrorist group established in Malaysia by Abu Bakar Basyir and Sungkar.
K
KAI (Kereta Api Indonesia) - a state owned train company.
KBRI (Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia) - Indonesian Embassy
KJRI (Konsulat Jenderal Republik Indonesia) - Indonesian Consulate General
KKB (Kredit Kendaraan Bermotor) - automotive loan
KKN:
Korupsi, Kolusi, Nepotisme - Corruption, Collusion, Nepotism.
Kuliah Kerja Nyata - senior universities students work as intern in companies or villages.
Kelompencapir (Kelompok Pendengar, Pembaca, Pirsawan) - a group of Indonesian farmers in villages who listen to radio, watch TV, and read newspapers together for information about farming and agriculture.
Kemdagri (Kementrian Dalam Negeri) - Ministry of Internal Affairs (current)
Kemlu (Kementrian Luar Negeri) - Ministry of Foreign Affairs (current)
Kemsos (Kementrian Sosial) - Ministry of Social Affairs (current)
Kopaja (Koperasi Angkutan Jakarta) - A very common bus seen in Jakarta transporting people for about Rp. 2,000
KODAM (Komando Daerah Militer) - Indonesian Army's Provincial office
Komcad(Komponen Cadangan) - Indonesian National Armed Forces Reserve Component
KOPASSUS (Komando Pasukan Khusus) - Indonesian Army's special troops command.
KORAMIL (Komando Rayon Militer) - Indonesian Army's district office
Korsel (Korea Selatan) - South Korea
KOSTRAD (Komando Strategis dan Cadangan TNI Angkatan Darat) - Army Strategic Reserve Command.
Kowani (Kongress Wanita Indonesia) - Indonesian Women's Congress
KPI:Koalisi Perempuan Indonesia untuk Keadilan dan Demokrasi - Indonesian Women's Coalition for Justice and DemocracyKomisi Penyiaran Indonesia - Indonesian institution for monitoring television broadcasting.
KPA (Kredit Pemilikan Apartemen) - apartment mortgage
KPK (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi - counter-corruption agency)
KPR (Kredit Pemilikan Rumah) - housing mortgage
KTI (Karya Tulis Ilmiah) - Scientific paper
KTP (Kartu Tanda Penduduk) - Identity Card
KUD (Koperasi Unit Desa) - cooperation of farmers in a village.
KUK (Kredit Usaha Kecil) - micro credits for small-scale business.
KUT (Kredit Usaha Tani) - micro credits for farmers in villages.
L
LAPAN (Lembaga Antariksa dan Penerbangan Nasional) - Indonesian National Aerospace Institute
Lantatur (Layanan Tanpa Turun) - Drive-through
LBHI (Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Indonesia) - Indonesia Free Legal Aid Institute
LKBN (Lembaga Kantor Berita Nasional) - National News Bureau
Lekra (Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat) - a pro Indonesian communist party (PKI) artist organization. One of the leaders of Lekra was Pramoedya Ananta Toer
LIPI (Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia) - Indonesian Institute of Science
LDII (LEMBAGA DAKWAH ISLAM INDONESIA) - Pengajian Islam Berdasarkan Qur`an Hadis
LAPAS (LEMBAGA PERMASYARAKATAN) - Indonesian Correctional Facility
M
Mahmilub (Mahkamah Militer Luar Biasa) - special Military court created in 1966 to prosecute military and civilian perpetrators of G30S movement.
Masyumi (Majelis Syura Muslimin Indonesia) - an old Islamic Party During Liberal democratic era (1949–1959).
Mendiknas (Menteri Pendidikan Nasional) - Minister of Education (current political title)
Menlu (Menteri Luar Negeri) - Foreign Minister
MMI (Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia) - an extreme Muslim group in Surakarta, Central Java, led by Abu Bakar Basyir.
MPR (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat) - People's Consultative Assembly - national legislature.
MULO (Dutch: Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs) - Middle School (Dutch colonial era)
N
Narkoba (NARKotika dan Obat-obatan berBAhaya) - Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs
Nasakom (Nasionalis, Agama, Komunis) - an abbreviation created by Sukarno "Nationalist, Religionist, Communist"
Napza (Narkotika, Psikotropika dan Zat-zat Adiktif) - Narcotics, Psychotropics and Addictive Substance.
Nekolim (Neo Kolonialisme dan Imperialisme) an abbreviation created by Sukarno "Neo Colonialism and Imperialism"
O
OJK (Otoritas Jasa Keuangan) - Financial Services Authority
P
PAL (Penataran Angkatan Laut) - Navy Shipyard
Paskibra (Pasukan Pengibar Bendera) - flag raiser troops
Paskibraka (Pasukan Pengibar Bendera Pusaka) - Flag Raiser troops on August 17 Ceremony at Merdeka Palace
Padus (Paduan Suara) - Choir
PAUD (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini) - Indonesian Kindegarten
PBB
-(Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa) - United Nations
-("Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan") - Ground and Building Tax
PDGI (Persatuan Dokter Gigi Indonesia) - Union of Indonesian Dentists
PDRI (Pemerintahan Darurat Republik Indonesia) - Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia: from December 22, 1948, to December 27, 1949. This emergency government was located in Bukittinggi, West Sumatra and led by Syafruddin Prawiranegara.
PELNI (Pelayaran Nasional Indonesia) - the state owned ocean liner company.
Permias (Persekutuan Mahasiswa Indonesia di Amerika Serikat) - Organization of the Indonesian Students in the United States
PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) - Indonesian Communist Party
PKK (Pendidikan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) - lit "Family Welfare Education" The National Women's Movement
PKN STAN (Politeknik Keuangan Negara STAN) - Indonesian State College of Accountancy
PMA (Penanaman Modal Asing) - Foreign Direct Investment company
PMDN - Domestic Direct Investment company, i.e. 100% of shares held by Indonesian citizens
PMI (Palang Merah Indonesia) - Indonesian Red Cross.
PMKRI (Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Katholik Republik Indonesia) - Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia
PMR (Palang Merah Remaja) - Youth Red Cross
POLRI (Polisi Republik Indonesia) - Indonesian National Police.
PP (Peraturan Pemerintah) - Government Regulations.
PPh (Pajak Penghasilan) - Salary Tax.
PPN (Pajak Pertambahan Nilai) - Value added Tax / Good and Service Tax.
PPnBM (Pajak Pertambahan Nilai Barang Mewah) - Luxury Goods tax.
Pramuka (Praja Muda Karana) - Indonesian Scout Organization
PRRI/Permesta (Pemerintahan Revolusioner Republik Indonesia/Perjuangan Rakyat Semesta) - a rebel group against Republic of Indonesia in West Sumatra and North Sulawesi (1957), supported by Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
PT (Perseroan Terbatas) - Limited Liability Company (LLC) -or- Proprietary Limited (Pty Ltd)
R
RAPBN (Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara) - The National Budget Plans.
RBTV (Reksa Birama Televisi) - Regional television station
RCTI (Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) - (lit: Hawk Television Indonesia) Private Television Broadcaster
Repelita (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun) - Five-Year Development Plan
RI (Republik Indonesia) - Republic of Indonesia.
RIS (Republik Indonesia Serikat) - The United States of Indonesia (from December 27, 1949, to August 17, 1950).
Rohis (Rohani Islam) - Moslem school organization
RPKAD (Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat) - Former Indonesian Army's Special Operation Troops (now KOPASSUS)
RRC or RRT (Republik Rakyat Cina or Republik Rakyat Tiongkok) - People's Republic of China
RS (Rumah Saki) - Hospital:
RSU (Rumah Sakit Umum) - Public hospital.
RSUD (Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah) - Regional public hospital.
RSJ (Rumah Sakit Jiwa) - Psychiatric hospital.
RSB (Rumah Sakit Bersalin) - Maternity hospital.
RSIA (Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak) - Pediatrics and Women hospital.
RSAD (Rumah Sakit Angkatan Darat) - Military hospital (Indonesia army).
RSAL (Rumah Sakit Angkatan Laut) - Military hospital (Indonesia navy).
S
Sekjen (Sekretariat Jenderal or Sekretaris Jenderal) - Secretary General (of an organization)
SCTV (Surya Citra Televisi) - (lit: Sun Television) Private Television Broadcaster
SD (Sekolah Dasar) - Primary School (current)
SDSB (Sumbangan Dana Sosial Berhadiah) - National Lottery (defunct)
SIM (Surat Izin Mengemudi) - Driving License
SLTA (Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas) - High School
SLTP (Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama) - Middle School
SMA (Sekolah Menengah Atas) - High School (It was first used before the name SLTA, but currently used again widely)
SMP (Sekolah Menengah Pertama) - Middle School (It was first used before the name SLTP, but currently used again widely)
Supersemar (Surat Perintah Sebelas Maret) - 11 March Government Letter. Letter written by President Sukarno in 1966 formally granting Suharto Emergency Powers over the nation of Indonesia.
T
TH (Tahun) - Used for shortening years, typically anniversaries. e.g. 73TH Indonesia Merdeka.
Tapol (Tahanan Politik) - Political prisoner
Tarnus (Taruna Nusantara) - Taruna Nusantara
TKA (Tenaga Kerja Asing) - Foreign labor
TKI (Tenaga Kerja Indonesia) - Indonesian labor
TNI (Tentara Nasional Indonesia) - Military of Indonesia
TNI AD (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Darat) - Indonesian Army
TNI AL (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Laut) - Indonesian Navy
TNI AU (Tentara Nasional Indonesia Angkatan Udara) - Indonesian Airforce
TPI (Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia) - Educational Television Indonesia (private television broadcaster)
TVRI (Televisi Republik Indonesia) - Television of Republic of Indonesia (publicly owned broadcaster)
U
UI (Universitas Indonesia) - University of Indonesia
UGM (Universitas Gadjah Mada) - Gadjah Mada University
UT (Universitas Terbuka) - Indonesia Open University
UMR (Upah Minimum Regional) - Regional minimum wage
UU (Undang-undang) - Constitution
UUD (Undang-undang Dasar) - Basic law
W
WALHI (Wahana Lingkungan Hidup) - Indonesian Environmental Organization
Wapres (Wakil Presiden) - Vice President
WIB (Waktu Indonesia Barat) - Western Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+7, a.k.a. time in Jakarta
WIT (Waktu Indonesia Timur) - Eastern Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+9, a.k.a. time in Papua
WITA (Waktu Indonesia Tenggah) - Central Indonesia Time, i.e. UTC/GMT+8, a.k.a. time in Bali
WNA (warga negara asing) - Foreign citizen
WNI (warga negara Indonesia) - Indonesian citizen
Y
YPAC (Yayasan Pendidikan Anak-anak Cacat'') - Foundation for the Education of Disabled Children.
External links
Jakarta Post list of Acronyms and Abbreviations:
Acronyms and abbreviations, List of
Indonesian language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Indonesian%20acronyms%20and%20abbreviations
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Economic System which described by Quran..
Economic system of Quran (Islam)..
Abu Hayyan Saeed
The economic system described in Al-Quran e Kareem is very clear.There are many verses about the economic system of Islam.I understood these verses easily.
Surah Al-Baqrah ,Verse # 3
ٱلَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِٱلْغَيْبِ وَيُقِيمُونَ ٱلصَّلَوٰةَ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰهُمْ يُنفِقُونَ ٣
Translation:
who believe in the Divine Message( Wahi) , establish system, and spend wealth excess from what We have provided for them,
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
Surah Al-Baqrah , Verse # 215
يَسْـَٔلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنفِقُونَ ۖ قُلْ مَآ أَنفَقْتُم مِّنْ خَيْرٍۢ فَلِلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبِينَ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ ۗ وَمَا تَفْعَلُوا۟ مِنْ خَيْرٍۢ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌۭ ٢١٥
Translation:
They ask you ˹O Prophet in˺ what ˹way˺ they should spend wealth ?. Say, “Whatever wealth you give are for parents,close relatives, orphans, the poor, and ˹needy˺ people. Whatever good you do is certainly well known to Allah.”
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
Surah Al-Baqrah ,Verse # 254
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا رَزَقْنَـٰكُم مِّن قَبْلِ أَن يَأْتِىَ يَوْمٌۭ لَّا بَيْعٌۭ فِيهِ وَلَا خُلَّةٌۭ وَلَا شَفَـٰعَةٌۭ ۗ وَٱلْكَـٰفِرُونَ هُمُ ٱلظَّـٰلِمُونَ .
Translation:
O believers! Spend from what We have provided for you before the arrival of the Day of judgment when there will be no bargaining,1 friendship,2 or intercession. Those who disbelieve are ˹truly˺ the wrongdoers.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
Surah Al-Baqrah Verse # 261
مَّثَلُ ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ كَمَثَلِ حَبَّةٍ أَنۢبَتَتْ سَبْعَ سَنَابِلَ فِى كُلِّ سُنۢبُلَةٍۢ مِّا۟ئَةُ حَبَّةٍۢ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُضَـٰعِفُ لِمَن يَشَآءُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ وَٰسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ
Translation:
The example of those who spend their wealth in the cause of Allah (to help needy people and welfare deeds) is that of a grain that sprouts into seven ears, each bearing one hundred grains. And Allah multiplies ˹the reward even more˺ to whoever He wills. For Allah is All-Bountiful, All-Knowing.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
Surah Al-Baqrah Verse # 262
ٱلَّذِينَ يُنفِقُونَ أَمْوَٰلَهُمْ فِى سَبِيلِ ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ لَا يُتْبِعُونَ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مَنًّۭا وَلَآ أَذًۭى ۙ لَّهُمْ أَجْرُهُمْ عِندَ رَبِّهِمْ وَلَا خَوْفٌ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا هُمْ يَحْزَنُونَ .
Translation:
Those who spend their wealth in the cause of Allah (for needy people and welfare deeds ) and do not follow their charity with reminders of their generosity or hurtful words—they will get their reward from their Lord, and there will be no fear for them, nor will they grieve.
Surah Aal-e-Imran ,Verse # 92
لَن تَنَالُوا۟ ٱلْبِرَّ حَتَّىٰ تُنفِقُوا۟ مِمَّا تُحِبُّونَ ۚ وَمَا تُنفِقُوا۟ مِن شَىْءٍۢ فَإِنَّ ٱللَّهَ بِهِۦ عَلِيمٌۭ
Translation:
You will never achieve righteousness until you spend some of what you cherish. And whatever you give is certainly well known to Allah.
Surah Al-Anfaal ,Verse # 41
۞ وَٱعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّمَا غَنِمْتُم مِّن شَىْءٍۢ فَأَنَّ لِلَّهِ خُمُسَهُۥ وَلِلرَّسُولِ وَلِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَـٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَـٰكِينِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ إِن كُنتُمْ ءَامَنتُم بِٱللَّهِ وَمَآ أَنزَلْنَا عَلَىٰ عَبْدِنَا يَوْمَ ٱلْفُرْقَانِ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍۢ قَدِيرٌ ٤١
Translation:
Know that whatever you earn, one-fifth is for Allah and the Messenger i.e poor close relatives, orphans, the poors, and ˹needy˺ people, if you ˹truly˺ believe in Allah and what We revealed to Our Prophet(Abd) on that decisive day when the two armies met ˹the day of Conquest’. And Allah is Most Capable of everything.
— Dr. Mustafa Khattab, the Clear Quran
There is a clear cut indication to spend at least 20% of our income for needy people as per listed.
Economic System of Islam is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, noted for his rejection of capitalism as un-Islamic.
External links
Economic System of Islam
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20System%20of%20Islam
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Hürtgenwald is a municipality in the district of Düren in the federal state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located in the Eifel hills, approx. 15 km south-west of Düren. Much of the area is covered by forest (Hürtgenwald in literal translation means Hürtgen Forest).
Hürtgenwald is composed of the villages Bergstein, Brandenberg, Gey, Großhau, Horm, Hürtgen, Kleinhau, Raffelsbrand, Schafberg, Simonskall, Strass, Vossenack and Zerkall (in alphabetical order). Kleinhau with the town hall is not only the administrational center of the community, but has become the commercial center as well (shops and a few supermarkets).
In World War II, Hürtgenwald was the theater of what is considered one of the a major battle. Two large war graves (one in Hürtgen, one in Vossenack) are places to commemorate those who fell.
Nowadays, the pleasing landscape of forested hills, lakes and rivers attracts a lot of people from nearby densely populated areas, e.g. from the Cologne area and the Ruhr Area, for recreational reasons.
See also
Battle of Hürtgen Forest
1944 Hürtgen Forest Museum
References
Düren (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCrtgenwald
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Crodowaldo Pavan (; December 1, 1919 – April 3, 2009) was a Brazilian biologist and geneticist, and a scientific leader in Brazil.
Early life
Pavan was born to a family of second-generation immigrants from Italy in 1919, in the city of Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil. His great-grandfather was an expert in textile paints and a militant anarchist, who was frequently persecuted and imprisoned in Italy as well as in Brazil for his political activism. As a boy, influenced by his father's porcelain manufacturing plant at Mogi das Cruzes, he wished to follow a career in engineering, but changed radically when he had the opportunity in high school to attend a lecture by noted French physician and professor André Dreyfus and a screening of the film "The Story of Louis Pasteur", starring Oscar-winning actor Paul Muni in the title role.
Studies
Following Dreyfus' advice, in 1938 he enrolled in a course of natural history at the University of São Paulo, continuing to work in biological research under his mentor. His doctoral thesis on the subject of the blind cave fish Pimelodella kronei (syn. Typhlobagrus kronci) was completed in the same institution. In 1942, he accepted a position as assistant professor at the University of São Paulo, and quickly became a full professor, a position he held until his retirement in 1978.
In 1942, Pavan became involved in a pioneering research project on the genetics, taxonomy and ecology of Drosophila fruit flies, financed by the Rockefeller Foundation under the direction of the noted Russian-American biologist Theodosius Dobzhansky. This subject became Pavan's lifelong research interest and the source of his international recognition. In particular, Dr. Pavan introduced into biology the cytogenetical study of Rhynchosciara angelae, a fly which is noted for its giant chromosomes, thus facilitating the determination of the loci of genes. He and his collaborators were among the first to prove that the structure of genes and chromosomes was not fixed and could be changed by infections.
In 1966, Pavan accepted an invitation from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee to establish a laboratory for further investigation on cellular genetics. In 1968, he accepted an invitation to become a tenured full professor at the University of Texas at Austin, in Austin, Texas. He returned to Brazil in 1975, and, after officially retiring from his post at the University of São Paulo, he accepted the position of full professor at the recently founded State University of Campinas, working as departmental chairman and dean of the Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Institute of Biology) until a second retirement. He is currently an emeritus professor at both universities.
Influence
As a scientific leader, Pavan was very influential and became involved in the main development of science and technology in Brazil in the second half of the 20th century. He was president of the National Research Council (CNPq) from 1986 to 1990, and president of the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science from 1980 to 1986, a critical period for the redemocratization of the country, when the Society played a leading role in civil resistance to the military government.
Pavan was a member of several international scientific societies, such as the Third World Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Sciences of Lisbon, the Physiographic Academy of Lund, and the Academy of Sciences of Chile, and received decorations, medals, and awards from several countries. He was one of the few Brazilians who was a member of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences. He was also a member of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences, and one of the founders of the Academy of Sciences of São Paulo, the Academy of Medicine of São Paulo, the Academy of Letters of São Paulo, the Academy of Education of São Paulo, and the Brazilian Society of Genetics as well as one of its presidents.
During the final part of his life Pavan lived in São Paulo and was involved in several activities related to the public understanding of science. He was one of the founders and directors of the Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, and was still active in research on the biological control of agricultural plagues.
Death
Pavan died on April 3, 2009, at the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, of multiple organ failure resultant of complications after a cancer surgery.
Decorations
Comendador da Ordem do Rio Branco - Ministério das Relações Exteriores - 1986
Oficial da Ordem do Mérito - Forças Armadas do Brasil - 1986
Ordem da Inconfidência - Governo do Estado de Minas Gerais - 1987
Grande Oficial da Ordem do Mérito - Governo da Republica Portuguesa - 1987
Grã-Cruz da Ordem Nacional do Mérito Científico - Presidency of the Republic of Brazil - 1994
Medals
Medalha "Anchieta" - Câmara de Vereadores da cidade de São Paulo - 1988
Medalha CAPES 50 Anos - CAPES/MEC - Jul/2001
Awards
Prêmio Nacional de Genética - 1963
Prêmio Moinho Santista (Biologia) - Fundação Moinho Santista - 1980
Prêmio "Alfred Jurzykowski" - Academia Nacional de Medicina - 1986
Selected publications
PAVAN, C. and BREUER, M. E. 1952. Polytene chromosomes in different tissues of Rhynchosciara. Journal of Heredity. vol. 63, p. 151-157.
PAVAN, C. 1967. Chromosomal changes induced by infective agents Triangle. Sandoz J. Med. Sci. vol. 8, p. 42-48.
PAVAN, C., BIESELE, J., RIESS, R. W. and WERTZ, A. V. 1971. XIII. Changes in the ultrastructure of Rhynchosciara cells infected by Microsporidia. Studies in Genetics. vol. VI, p. 7103.
PAVAN, C., DA CUNHA, A. B. and MORSOLETTO, C. 1971. Virus-chromosome relationships in cells of Rhynchosciara (Diptera, Sciaridae). Caryologia. vol. 24, p. 371-389.
PAVAN, C. and SANDERS, P. F. 1972. Heterochromatin in development of normal and infected cells. In Cell Differentiation. Munrsgaard- Copenhagen:.
PAVAN, C. 1983. Karyotypes and possible regions of origin of three species of Calliphoridae (Diptera) recently introduced in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Genética. vol. 6, p. 619-638.
External links
Biography. Brazilian Academy of Sciences.
Crodowaldo Pavan's obituary
1919 births
2009 deaths
Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences
Brazilian scientists
Brazilian geneticists
Members of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences
Recipients of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Brazilian people of Italian descent
People from Campinas
Brazilian science writers
Brazilian educators
University of São Paulo alumni
Academic staff of the State University of Campinas
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crodowaldo%20Pavan
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The Lyngen Alps () are a mountain range in northeastern Troms og Finnmark county in Norway, east of the city of Tromsø. The mountain range runs through the municipalities of Lyngen, Balsfjord, and Storfjord. The mountains follow the western shore of the Lyngen fjord in a north-south direction. The length of the range is at least (depending on definition—there are mountains all the way south to the border with Sweden) and the width is . The mountains dominate the Lyngen Peninsula, which is bordered by the Lyngen fjord to the east, and the Ullsfjorden to the west.
There are 140 glaciers in the mountains covering about 141 km2 of the Lyngen Peninsula at present. Gamvikblåisen and Strupenbreen are the two largest in the outer part of the peninsula, while in the interior Fornesbreen and the Jiehkkevárri glacial complex are the largest. The bedrock consists of a belt of ophiolitic gabbro that is flanked on both sides by predominantly schistose metasediments. The gabbro belt underlies the rugged mountains of Lyngsalpene. In the lowland areas between Oteren and Koppangen, amphibolites, greenstones, and greenshales predominate. In the lowlands on the eastern side of the Lyngen peninsula, mica schists, phyllites, and dolomites are mainly found. The lowlands on the western side are mainly composed of mica schists and a small amount of quartzites. Except for ice caps at the summits of Jiehkkevárri and Bálggesvárri, cirque glaciers dominate the present glaciation on the Lyngen Peninsula. The Lyngen Alps are sufficiently high as to give rain shadow in the interior lowland areas east of the mountains. The
northward heat advection of air and water masses into the
Norwegian Sea region produces some of the largest temperature anomalies in the world, with a mean January air temperature about 24°C warmer in Tromsø than the latitudinal mean.
The Lyngen Alps Landscape Reserve () was established by the King of Norway on 20 February 2004 to protect one of Norway's characteristic mountain areas, which includes glaciers, moraines, valleys, and geological deposits, with biodiversity, cultural monuments, and cultural influences that characterize the landscape. The protection of natural resources within the landscape reserve is also important for the Saami culture and economy, and the site must be suitable for reindeer herding. Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway took part in the opening of the landscape reserve on May 22, 2004. The area of the Lyngen Alps landscape reserve is 961.2 km². The nature reserve extends over four communes in the county of Troms og Finnmark.
There is a public transport connection between Tromsø and Lyngen via express boat to Nord-Lenangen and several bus routes. There are also ferries connecting Svensby and Breivikeidet, as well as Olderdalen and Lyngseidet. One of the main tourist attractions of Lyngen Alps is the glacier-fed lake Blåvatnet with a distinct turquoise color, located in Strupskardet valley.
Blåvatnet
The proglacial lake Blåvatnet is located in the northern part of the Lyngen Peninsula in Strupskardet valley. The lake lies next to Nordre Jægervasstinden and Lenangstinden mountains and below the Eastern and Western Lenangsbreene glaciers. Strupskardelva river flows in Strupskardet valley towards the west via a chain of six glacial lakes including Blåvatnet, providing additional meltwater source to the lake. The lake Blåvatnet is surrounded to the North by two marginal latero-frontal push moraines, formed by
advancing glaciers during the Younger Dryas 12,800–11,500 years before present and to the East by three moraines formed during the early Holocene 8,900–10,400 years before present. They consist of large angular boulders with diameters of 1–5 m. These moraines were formed by ice from the east and west Lenensbreen glaciers, with areas of 1.4 km2 and 0.7 km2 respectively. The Lenangsbreene glaciers reached the modern-day shoreline located around 4 km below the Blåvatnet around 20,000 years before present. The modern-day area of Lenangsbreene glaciers is 1.9 km2, while during the Lateglacial period 18,000–20,000 years before present was 9.1 km2, and the sea-level was 87 m higher than nowadays. During 3,800–8,800 years before present the Lenangsbreene glaciers were completely melted away. Blåvatnet is capturing upstream sediments for the glacier-meltwater streams.
Glaciofluvial outwash is forming a prograding delta at the head of the lake and provides suspended sediment which refracts light as an intense turquoise color, giving Blåvatnet (the Blue Lake) its name. Clear water in non-glacial lakes absorbs longer wavelengths of visible light and strongly reflects shorter blue and blue-green wavelengths, therefore, it appears blue due to Rayleigh scattering. The glacial flour in glacial waters provides stronger light reflection and makes the water opaque and bright. The glacial flour composition includes clay which is approximately 2-4 microns in diameter and silt which is around 4-65 microns in diameter. The composition of glacial flour absorbs most of the blue light and reflects some blue and green. With the elimination of the colors absorbed by both the glacial flour and the water itself, what is left is mostly green and some blue light reflected back off the glacial flour.
Alpinism
The mountains are of alpine character, popular among extreme skiers. The highest summit is the tall Jiehkkevárri, the highest mountain in Troms og Finnmark county; Store Lenangstind is also a prominent mountain. The British climber William Cecil Slingsby was the first to climb many of the peaks. Slingsby was very impressed with the peak of Jiehkkevárri, calling it the Scandinavian region's answer to Mount Blanc. Mount Piggtinden involved the Norwegian philosopher Peter Wessel Zapffe in mountaineering but the pike was first conquered in the summer of 1920 by Henning Tønsberg and Karl Rubenson, when Zapffe himself conquered this mountain only in 1923, while the first winter ascent was made in 1971.
Geology and glaciology
Most of the Lyngen peninsula is a pronounced mountainous area with high mountains and alpine landscapes in a wide strip along the axis of the peninsula and with lower landscape areas along the fjords on both sides of the peninsula. The Alpine central part of Lyngen is made up of gabbro and other hard rocks that resist erosion and weathering well. Gabbro forms when molten magma becomes trapped beneath the Earth's surface and slowly cools into a crystalline mass. The lower parts of the peninsula are composed of several types of less stable rocks, mostly metamorphosed sedimentary rocks. The mountain range is dissected in several places by transverse deep mountain passes and valleys, with Kjosen, the 14-km long fjord arm of the Ullsfjorden, being the most prominent.
The Lyngen Peninsula is part of the Caledonian Orogeny. The Caledonian Orogeny, which stretches from Arctic Norway through Great Britain, Ireland, and parts of Greenland, was formed as a result of the collision of the ancient continents Laurentia and Baltica 380–430 million years ago. The mountains of this folding could originally be from eight to ten kilometers in height. The geology of northern Scandinavia is dominated by two bedrocks, the Precambrian basement, and the Caledonian mountain range. The Lyngen Peninsula is dominated by a 100 km slab of gabbro, lamellar diabase dikes, and other basic igneous rocks. These rocks belonged to the crust underlying part of the Iapetus Ocean during the Finnmark Orogeny and were thrust over bedrock deformed during earlier Finnmark tectonism. During the Caledonian orogeny, the Baltic subsided under Laurentia. The island arc, with its gabbro intrusions and ophiolite sequence, was sandwiched between the plates and then raised to the surface of the Baltica plate. The gabbro was raised above sea level and subjected to severe erosion. The Precambrian basement dominates the large islands west of Tromsø including Senja, Kvaløya, Ringvassøya, and Vanna, while the Tromsø and Lyngen igneous sheets dominate the area east of Tromsø.
Despite the long history of glaciation, the evidence of glaciation that we can observe today is only from the last ice age because, due to its length and intensity, it largely wiped out the results of previous ice ages. During the maximum ice thickness around 20,000 years ago, the Lyngen peninsula was probably covered by glaciers up to 1000–1200 m thick. During the period 9,000–13,000 years ago, the fjord and valley glaciers melted. Most of the loose rock on the Lyngen Peninsula is moraines and glacial material transported by the melting of the ice sheet. After the ice age, various glacial activities were observed in the mountainous regions, which affected the landscape to a lesser extent. Frosty weathering occurred on the steep lower walls and mountain slopes. The rivers in the valleys carried the loose masses to the sea, the waves eroded and sorted the sediments in the constantly sinking beach area, and clay was deposited on the seabed. The balance of the mass of glaciers and nearby areas ahead are climate archives that can tell about natural changes from the recent past and the current situation.
Climate and fauna
In Lyngen there is a strong difference between the climate of the western and eastern parts of the peninsula. The highland area acts as a barrier and staunches most of the precipitation coming from the west so that most of it falls on the west side and makes the east side drier. This also affects the condition of the snow and the length of the winter season. The lowlands can be considered coastal with an average annual rainfall of about 600 mm at Lyngseydet and 850 mm at the Ulsfjord. The mountains receive much more precipitation. The average annual temperature is 3.0°C. In January, the lowest average monthly temperature is -4.5°C, while in July the highest is 12.5°C.
The highest mountain regions of Lyngsalpan are species-poor, while the lower mountainous regions, valleys, and forest areas show a greater diversity of both birds and animals. In the highlands, the species diversity is limited, and in general, you can only meet rock ptarmigans, ravens, and snow buntings. At lower altitudes, there are more species including passerines, waders, anseriformes. Wild mammal species include hares, red foxes, bobcats, and least weasels. There are also wolverines, lynxes, and moose. Squirrels and martens also live in the area. Minks and otters are found near lakes and streams. In addition to these species, there are a large number of small rodents.
History
The area around Lyngen is located in the heart of the Cap of the North () on the border with Sweden and Finland. For centuries, Lyngen has been a meeting place for cultures, trade, religions, and conflicts between northern states. Historically, Lyngen was also a border area between the Russian and the Danish-Norwegian joint taxation area. After the conclusion of peace in 1326, Lyngen was placed as the western border of the taxable lands of the Novgorod Republic. Russia could collect taxes along the Norwegian coast as far as Lyngen. Lyngen was also a frontier region of great importance in recent history. During World War II, the Germans created a defensive line for protection against Soviet advance through Norway – the Lyngen Line. () and during the cold war, Norway and NATO re-armed this defensive line again.
The Lyngen Peninsula has long been a reindeer grazing area. There are written sources that tell about the resettlement of the Swedish Sami in “Iddu-njarga”, on the Lyngen Peninsula in the 18th century. The Lapland Code of 1751 recognized the right of the Saami to use pastures across the state border, which was then formalized between Denmark/Norway and Finland/Sweden. In 1972, Norway terminated the reindeer herding agreement with Sweden.
The way of life of the Sea Sami in this area was based on a combination of several types of crafts that ensured survival. Women were primarily responsible for running the household. They took care of the children, looked after the barn, cooked, and did the housework. Men were mainly responsible for maintaining buildings and tools, fishing, hunting, firewood, mowing, and butchering livestock, and making tools and utensils. Many men went on seasonal fishing trips, while women took care of household chores.
The Kvens who crossed the border in the 18th and 19th centuries brought their customs and language with them. The Norwegians who came to Lyngen in the 17th century were merchants, Christian missionaries, and civil servants. Norwegian farmers and fishermen also lived near the resource-rich Lyngenfjord. The historical meeting of the Saami, Norwegians, and Kvens at Nordkalotten was called "the meeting of three tribes".
References
External links
Visit Lyngenfjord
Mountain ranges of Norway
Landforms of Troms og Finnmark
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyngen%20Alps
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Numbers is an American television series produced by brothers Ridley and Tony Scott. It premiered on CBS on Sunday, January 23, 2005 at 10:00 pm with its pilot episode then moved to its Friday slot five days later. It remained in that slot for the rest of its run. The series is set in Los Angeles, California, and follows the stories of a Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) team and a mathematics professor, focusing on relationships between FBI Special Agent in Charge Don Eppes (Rob Morrow), his brother Professor Charlie Eppes (David Krumholtz) and their father, Alan Eppes (Judd Hirsch), and on the brothers' efforts to fight crime. A typical episode begins with a crime, which is subsequently investigated by Don's team and mathematically described by Charlie. The insights provided by Charlie's mathematics are almost always crucial to solving the crime.
In total, six complete seasons consisting of 118 episodes were broadcast. The first season, a mid-season replacement for Dr. Vegas, was the shortest of the six, and spanned 13 episodes from January to May 2005. Seasons two and three aired from September to May of the 2005–2006 and 2006–2007 seasons respectively, but season four was cut short by the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. Twelve episodes were originally produced and aired from September 2007 to January 2008. Six more episodes were aired in April and May 2008 after the strike ended. Season 5 began airing on October 3, 2008 and continued through to May 2009. Season six began in late September 2009 and concluded in March 2010.
In addition to being broadcast on television, Numbers is available on DVD. All seasons have been released encoded for Region 1 and Region 2, and seasons one, two, three, four, and five have been released encoded for Region 4. Individual episodes of Numbers can also be purchased by registered members of the US iTunes Store and as video on demand from Netflix and Amazon Unbox, now Amazon Prime. CBS also streams the episodes on its website.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2005)
Season 2 (2005–06)
Season 3 (2006–07)
Season 4 (2007–08)
Season 5 (2008–09)
Season 6 (2009–10)
References
General
Specific
NOTE: Refs Need Archive Backup URLs @ https://archive.org/web/
External links
Mathematical description of Numbers
Lists of American crime drama television series episodes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Numbers%20episodes
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Dakota North is a fictional comic book character who has appeared in various series published by Marvel Comics. Created by writer Martha Thomases and artist Tony Salmons, North was originally the star of her own short-lived 1986 series and later a part of the supporting casts of Cage, Daredevil and Captain Marvel. The character exists in Marvel's main shared universe, known as the Marvel Universe.
Creation
A freelance magazine writer, Thomases had never written for comics before, while Salmons had only completed a handful of fill-in assignments for Marvel. Through a mutual acquaintance with Dennis O'Neil, Thomases met Larry Hama, then an editor at Marvel, and brainstormed ideas to come up with the character of tough but feminine detective Dakota North. Salmons was assigned to draw the book by Hama, who felt that the artist was talented but inexperienced at storytelling. The editor then tried to nurture their raw talent as the book developed. Hama compared the character to Emma Peel from the British television series The Avengers, and initial promotion suggested the book would not take place in the Marvel Universe and drew comparisons with Miami Vice and Modesty Blaise. In a 2018 retrospective article for The Comics Journal, Keith Silva of would speculate that the series was commissioned in an attempt to address a lack of lead female characters in Marvel's portfolio at the time - since the cancellation of Dazzler, the only other female-led ongoing series Marvel had at the time was Trina Robbins' Misty on their young readers Star Publications label - and the company's industry dominance at the time allowing them to take risks.
Publication history
Dakota North first debuted in the first issue of her own bimonthly series, Dakota North However, the series was cancelled after five issues; the cancellation is considered a minor mystery; Thomases recalled hearing the first issue sold 120,000 copies, and while she acknowledged there would have been some drop-off that the book might have been cancelled to cut costs as Jim Shooter was reluctant to cut back on the poor-selling New Universe titles. In a 2012 interview, Salmons noted that sales data for the title was still sparse when the decision was made, which Marvel told him was largely down to housekeeping ahead of their 25th anniversary plans. Thomases would not write in comics again.
In September 1986 Dakota North was announced as a guest star (alongside Silver Sable) in Peter Parker, the Spectacular Spider-Man #124, which would mark the character being moved to the Marvel Universe However, these plans were dropped and Dakota instead had to wait until Web of Spider-Man #37, which featured some of Dakota North'''s supporting cast and attempted to tie up some of the loose ends. The character then went into obscurity before briefly resurfacing, getting an entry in The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Update '89 #5, guesting in Power Pack #46 in 1989 and co-starring with The Wasp in the inventory-clearing 1990 Fall Special Marvel Super-Heroes (Vol. 2) #3. In 1992 the character was featured in the supporting cast of Cage, an updated Luke Cage title written by Marcus McLaurin, but again went on a long hiatus when the series ended in late 1993.
Eight years later Dakota North resurfaced in a three issue arc of Christopher Priest's Black Panther, before another five-year absence before appearing in 2006 as part of the supporting cast of Ed Brubaker's Daredevil, and would make semi-regular appearances in the title over the next few years, as well as other Marvel titles such as The New Avengers, Captain Marvel and Avengers Assemble as well as receiving entries in Marvel Legacy: The 1980s Handbook and The Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe A-Z . She was also listed in the Punisher section of the appendix in Marvel Encyclopedia: Marvel Knights (2004). Along with these appearances, a new Dakota North series written by C. B. Cebulski and pencilled by Lauren McCubbin was reportedly planned in 2006; a promotional image by McCubbin was released, but the series never materialized.
In 2018, Marvel issued the trade paperback Dakota North: Design for Dying, reprinting all five issues of Dakota North, her appearances in Web of Spider-Man, Power Pack and Marvel Superheroes and the "Cruel & Unusual" arc that introduced her to Daredevil.
Fictional character biography
Dakota North is the daughter of ex-CIA agent Samuel James "S.J." North and his wife Caroline. Dakota North and her brother Ricky were raised by their father after their mother died in a car explosion. After a successful child modelling stint, during which she appeared on several magazine covers, Dakota decided at a to become a private detective. Her father felt this was dangerous but the headstrong Dakota chose her own path, causing ongoing discord between them. After serving a three-year apprenticeship with an agency, she opened her own business specializing in high-paying fashion industry cases, using her model connections to her advantage. She soon owned small branches in New York, Rome, Tokyo and Paris. Robert "Mad Dog" Morales ran the New York branch, and Yvon Berse ran the Paris branch. Business executive Cleo Vanderlip sought to crash the stock value of her employer, the high-tech corporation Rycom, so she could take it over. She arranged for them to purchase and heavily invest in Luke Jacobson Fashion, planning to ruin the company by killing the fashion mogul, blackmailing his assistant Anna Stasio into helping her. Wanting to destroy SJ by slaying Dakota, Cleo had thug Scott "Otto" Shanks vandalize Jacobson's workplace, then suggested that Luke hire Dakota for protection. but North saved Jacobson, killing Shanks in the process.
Dakota's 12-year-old brother Ricky came to stay with her - and promptly became involved when old friend Major George C. "Coop" Cooper left a nerve-gas-filled pen with the boy. Seeking the gas, Vanderlip assigned desperate young model Daisy Kane to befriend Ricky. Unknown to Dakota, the pair travelled to Europe while she protected Coop from Russian thugs hunting down the nerve gas. Dakota trailed Ricky to Paris but lost him when he took a train for Venice, but disembarked in Switzerland. Aided by police detective Amos Culhane, Dakota reunited with Ricky outside Grindelwald only for the trio was captured by Vanderlip's ally Sheik Ibn Bheik. They eventually escaped and the nerve gas was released in the sheik's castle, killing all present.
Dakota was later hired to investigate the "Slasher," a serial killer who targeted fashion models, slashing their faces and cutting their throats. The case was complicated by Harvey Finklestein, who sought to win over model Elyse Nolan by protecting her from a hired fake "Slasher." Despite the diversion, Dakota exposed a deranged Elyse as the real Slasher and captured her with Spider-Man's assistance before Elyse could attack Mary Jane Watson. Jack Power showed up on Dakota's office doorstep wanting to clear the name of his favorite author she took the case for fun, and quickly solved the case with the aid of the Punisher in the process, but was unable to prove anything - though she did not realise Jack and his sister Katie were members of the child super-hero group Power Pack. On a shopping trip, Dakota witnessed the Wasp battling the shape-changing Kingsize; she shot him, freeing the Wasp, who then defeated Kingsize.
The Chicago Spectator newspaper hired Dakota's company to provide a full background on super-mercenary Luke Cage. During her investigation, Dakota learned that Cage's father James Lucas was still alive. She met Cage and was later hired to run the paper's security. The assassin Hardcore sent the Untouchables and Tombstone) after Dakota. After promising Cage the information if he aided her, Dakota was kidnapped and delivered her to Hardcore; Cage and the Punisher would rescue Dakota. When Cage later went missing, Dakota tracked his father to Arizona, and teamed up with Iron Fist to save Cage himself from kidnappers. She was attacked by Cage when he was possessed by Bogeyman, but ultimately helped him resist the Bogeyman's control. Dakota was the only one aware that Cage survived, and helped him stay undercover as long as the authorities were after him. Later the Black Panther's cousin M'Koni hired Dakota to investigate her husband, who proved to be in the thrall of the Wakandan Malice. Black Panther hired Dakota to watch Malice's next target, Monica Lynne. Malice sent assassins but Dakota returned her to the Wakandan Consulate, though North was nearly garroted before Black Panther saved her.
When blind attorney Matt Murdock was imprisoned, his law partners Franklin "Foggy" Nelson and Becky Blake hired Dakota at the recommendation of Jessica Jones to provide security and do investigative work for the firm. While visiting Murdock with Foggy, the pair were ambushed; restrained during the attack, Dakota watched in horror as Foggy was stabbed repeatedly and seeming died en route to the hospital. She began working with reporter Ben Urich and used her contacts to learn a new Daredevil was on the streets - Danny Rand. Murdock soon escaped from jail, and with Dakota's help exposed Vanessa Fisk as the mastermind behind the scheme. Foggy's "death" was revealed to have been faked to place him in Witness Protection. Murdock confided in Dakota that he truly was Daredevil, and she began aiding him regularly through several crises, including tracing the sudden insanity of Murdock's wife Milla Donovan to Mr. Fear. Murdock grew more irritable and desperate when Milla was put into a mental institution after being released from jail, but Dakota continued working for Matt, putting him in his place when necessary. Dakota drove Murdock to visit his wife over the following weeks, and took him out for a drink when he learned he was not allowed to see Milla while she received treatment.
After Cage sought Murdock's help in clearing "Big" Ben Donovan of a false murder charge, Dakota began investigating the case, convincing Murdock to join her and fight his depression. When Dakota got close to the truth, she was assaulted by a man she later identified as FBI agent Moss. After she attacked Moss with a baseball bat, she was shocked to see her estranged father at her apartment, warning her off the case. Dakota learned Donovan had a son but Moss shot her before she could report it. Dakota was rushed into surgery while Matt cleared up the case. After Iron Fist accelerated her healing, North trained with Murdock back at his townhouse - leading to a brief romantic tryst that Murdock swiftly regretted as he considered it a betrayal of his wife. Dakota tried staying professional but an investigator had photographed the affair; ashamed of the damage she had caused, Dakota subsequently avoided Murdock. Dakota was later stripped of her private investigator's license as part of the Kingpin's plot to frame H.A.M.M.E.R. director Norman Osborn. Using a compromising photograph, Dakota and Foggy forced the judge who had both of their licenses revoked to learn the Kingpin was behind their recent problems, leading North to decide that they need to locate Murdock at once.
Some time later, Carol Danvers developed a brain lesion; to help her remain healthy and mobile, Wendy Kawasaki modified one of Captain America's old Sky-Cycles and Carol hired Dakota to teach her how to fly it. Dakota also helped Captain Marvel track down the new Deathbird and supported Carol in her pursuit to identify and beat her enemy Yon-Rogg.
Powers and abilities
An above average athlete, Dakota North is skilled in several forms of hand-to-hand combat, and is an excellent markswoman. She speaks passable French, Japanese and Italian, and is familiar with other, unspecified, languages. She is also proficient in driving high-end cars and motorcycles.
Collected editions
Reception
R.A. Jones was unimpressed with Dakota North when reviewing the first issue for Amazing Heroes, calling the writing "hackneyed" and "plodding" and expressing his frustration about a female-led book being underwhelming, though he positively noted Salmons' improving art. He also sardonically highlighted that a panel showing off North's "shapely ass" was unlikely to help the series find its hoped-for female audience.
Covering the 2018 collection Dakota North - Design for Dying, Keith Silva of The Comics Journal enthusiastically defended the series despite its flaws, stating "dogged and defiantly independent, Dakota North is a fashion-forward comic whose style never caught on."
Other media
While Dakota North has yet to appear outside of comics, the Luke Jacobson character from Dakota North #1 was the inspiration for the character of the same name in the Marvel Cinematic Universe Disney+ series She-Hulk: Attorney at Law''.
References
External links
Dakota North at Marvel.com
Dakota North
Dakota North
Comics about women
Comics characters introduced in 1986
Daredevil (Marvel Comics)
North, Dakota
North, Dakota
North, Dakota
North, Dakota
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Marvel Comics martial artists
Dakota North
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota%20North%20%28character%29
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The Rights of Minorities in the Islamic State () is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, published in Lahore, Pakistan in 1954.
In it Maududi references the millet system and its organization along communal lines as a possible way the Islamic state would deal with minority rights according to the sharia concept of dhimma.
References
1954 non-fiction books
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
Minorities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rights%20of%20Minorities%20in%20the%20Islamic%20State
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System of Government Under the Holy Prophet is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.
References
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
Political systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20of%20Government%20Under%20the%20Holy%20Prophet
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Islamic Law and its Introduction in Pakistan is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi and was originally published in 1955 and reprinted in 1983.
This book discusses the step by step introduction of Islamic law i.e. Sharia in Pakistan and its possible impact. It also discusses the criticism harsh punishment that are main concern of the opponents. It discusses British civil and criminal procedure codes introduced during the British colonial rule and still enforced in Pakistan. This book discusses Sharia in detail and its implementation in the modern world.
Versions
The first edition, Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1955.
The second edition, Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1960.
The third edition, Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1970.
The fourth edition, Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1983.
References
External links
Islamic Law and its Introduction in Pakistan
1955 non-fiction books
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
Law of Pakistan
1983 non-fiction books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic%20Law%20and%20its%20Introduction%20in%20Pakistan
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Qadiani Problem is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi. It was first published in 1953. The term "Qadiani" is a religious slur which refers to members of the Ahmadiyya branch of Islam.
Synopsis
The book deals with some of the interpretations of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad who claimed to be a prophet. It discusses the finality of prophethood, the claimed prophethood of Ahmad, and its consequences in Muslim society. It also mentions the status of the Ahmadiyya Community and the political plans which Maududi associated with them.
In one of the appendices of the book, a discussion has been given which is claimed to have occurred between Allama Iqbal and Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru. In this discussion Allama Iqbal is said to have expressed his views regarding followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad and have rationalised his view that followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad be given a status of a different religious community in India.
Reception
A comprehensive rebuttal was published by the second Ahmadiyya leader at the time because the book was considered to be hate speech by the Ahmadiyya branch of Islam.
Legacy
In 1953, Maududi and his Jamat e Islami party participated in a campaign against the Ahmadiyya community in Pakistan, joined by traditionalist ulama who wanted Ahmadi Muslims designated as non-Muslims. Ahmadis such as Muhammad Zafarullah Khan sacked from all high level government positions, and intermarriage between Ahmadi Muslims and other Muslims prohibited. The campaign generated riots in Lahore, leading to the deaths of at least 2000 Ahmadis, and selective declaration of martial law.
Maududi was arrested by the military deployment headed by Lieutenant General Azam Khan and sentenced to death for his part in the agitation. However, the anti-Ahmadi campaign enjoyed much popular support, and strong public pressure ultimately convinced the government to release him after two years of imprisonment. According to Vali Nasr, Maududi's unapologetic and impassive stance after being sentenced, ignoring advice to ask for clemency, had an "immense" effect on his supporters. It was seen as a "victory of Islam over un-Islam", proof of his leadership and staunch faith.
References
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
1953 non-fiction books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qadiani%20Problem
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Towards Understanding Islam is a book written by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi which gained its author a reputation as a religious teacher and major thinker. This book has been translated into a number of languages. Jamaat-e-Islami claims that it has been translated into 13 languages. One English translation of this book is by Prof Khurshid Ahmad.
Under the subtitle Editor's Introduction in November 1979 Prof. Kurshid Ahmad tries to introduce the book: "Originally written in 1932 in Urdu, under the title Risala-e-Diniyat, the book was intended as a textbook for students of the higher classes and for the general public. It served an important need and became a popular Islamic reader. Most of the schools and colleges of the South Asia adopted it as a textbook in theology and made its study a part of their curricula. It has been translated into many of the world's languages, including: English, Arabic, Hindi (titled as इस्लाम धर्म) , Persian, German, French, Italian, Turkish, Portuguese, Swahili, Indonesian, Japanese, Malayalam, Tamil, Pashto, Balochi, Bengali, Gujarati and Sindhi. It is also translated in Telugu, Kannada, Marathi
and Albanian.
Description
Mawdudi argues that Islam is about much more than daily rituals and habits, and that it is to be regarded as a dynamic system for the whole of life. The purpose of the book is to provide both Muslims and non-Muslims with a brief but comprehensive view of Islam. The book also tries to provide a rational basis for Islamic beliefs.
About the author
Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (1903-1979), one of the chief architects of the contemporary Islamic resurgence, was a prominent Islamic thinker and writer of his time. He devoted his entire life to expounding the meaning and message of Islam and to organizing a collective movement to establish the Islamic Order.
In this struggle, he had to pass through all kinds of suffering. Between (1948-1967), he was put behind bars on four occasions, spending a total of five years in different prisons in Pakistan. In 1953, he was also sentenced to death by a Martial Law Court for writing a "seditious" pamphlet, this sentence being later commuted to life imprisonment. In 1941, he founded Jamaat-e-Islami, of which he remained Amir until 1972 and which is one of the most prominent Islamic movements today. He authored more than one hundred works on Islam, both scholarly and popular, and his writings have been translated into more than forty languages.
References
Books by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Towards%20Understanding%20Islam
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Allahabad Fort is a fort built by the Mughal emperor Akbar at Prayagraj in 1583. The fort stands on the banks of the Yamuna, near its confluence with the Ganges. It is classified by the Archaeological Survey of India as a monument of national importance.
A stone inscription inside fort describe 1583 as a foundation year but this stone inscription related to Ashok which was early period situated in Kosambi and taken from there to Allahabad Fort.
History
Construction by Akbar
The Allahabad Fort was constructed by the Mughal Emperor Akbar in 1583. Abu'l-Fazl, in his Akbarnama writes:
Akbar named the fort Illahabas ("blessed by Allah"), which later became "Allahabad". According to Catherine Asher, the construction of the fort was a response to several uprisings that had been taking place in eastern India. Besides the strategic location of Allahabad, Akbar is also thought to have been motivated by the ability to collect taxes from the large number of pilgrims visiting the Triveni Sangam. However, this seems unlikely, considering the fact that Akbar abolished the existing pilgrim taxes in 1563.
Akbar's fort was constructed in such a way that it enclosed the famous Akshayavata tree, where people would commit suicide in order to achieve salvation.
According to a local legend, Akbar was a Hindu ascetic named Mukunda Brahmachari in his previous birth. Once, by mistake, he consumed a cow's hair while drinking milk. Horrified at this sin, he had committed suicide. He was then born a mlechchha (non-Hindu) as a result of this sin, and was driven to build a fort at the holy Triveni Sangam.
The local Prayagwal Brahmins claim that Akbar repeatedly failed to construct the fort, because its foundation would sink in the sand each time. The emperor was told that a human sacrifice was required to proceed. A local Brahmin voluntarily sacrificed himself, and in return, Akbar granted his descendants — the Prayagwals — the exclusive rights of servicing the pilgrims at the Sangam.
The Allahabad Fort is the largest fort built by Akbar. This fort has three galleries flanked by high towers. According to historian William Finch, it took 5,000 to 20,000 workers of different denomination over a period of forty years to build the fort.
Revolt by Prince Salim
In 1600, Mughal prince Salim, the future emperor Jahangir, revolted against his father and established his own court in the Allahabad Fort. He commanded very little territory and was reconciled with his father shortly after.
British East India Company Rule
The fort was first garrisoned by British East India Company troops in 1765 as part of the Treaty of Allahabad, signed after the Battle of Buxar by Commander-in-Chief of British India Robert Clive, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, and the ruler of Awadh, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula. According to this treaty, the British garrison in the fort was to defend and protect Shah Alam, however, Shah Alam, finding this arrangement restrictive, slipped away to Delhi in 1772, where he attempted to cede Allahabad to the Maratha Empire. The British intervened and contrived to nullify Alam's claim to the fort, proclaiming Shuja-ud-Daula its sole owner. Shuja-ud-Daula died and was succeeded as Nawab of Awadh by Asaf-ud-Daula in 1775; despite persistent attempts of the Company to formally acquire the fort, it remained in the Nawab's hands. Asaf-ud-Daula died in 1787, leaving large debts to the Company and an heir of disputed parentage, who was promptly deposed by Saadat Ali Khan I. Finally, in February 1798, a financially strapped Saadat Ali ceded the fort to the Company. Three years later, in 1801, Saadat Ali finally ceded the district of Allahabad to the British. Once Allahabad became a functional part of the East India Company's territories, its fort was established as the grand depot for military stores.
See also
List of tourist attractions in Allahabad
List of forts in India
List of forts in Uttar Pradesh
References
External links
Ashoka Pillar at Allahanbad Fort, British Library
Infrastructure completed in 1583
Forts in Uttar Pradesh
Mughal fortifications
Tourist attractions in Prayagraj
Buildings and structures in Prayagraj
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allahabad%20Fort
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The freedom of movement for workers is a policy chapter of the acquis communautaire of the European Union. The free movement of workers means that nationals of any member state of the European Union can take up an employment in another member state on the same conditions as the nationals of that particular member state. In particular, no discrimination based on nationality is allowed. It is part of the free movement of persons and one of the four economic freedoms: free movement of goods, services, labour and capital. Article 45 TFEU (ex 39 and 48) states that:
The right to free movement has both 'horizontal' and 'vertical' direct effect, such that a citizen of any EU state can invoke the right, without more, in an ordinary court, against other persons, both governmental and non-governmental.
History
The Treaty of Paris (1951) establishing the European Coal and Steel Community established a right to free movement for workers in these industries, and the Treaty of Rome (1957) provided a right for the free movement of workers within the European Economic Community, to be implemented within 12 years from the date of entry into force of the treaty. The first step towards realizing the free movement of workers was the Council Regulation no. 15 of 1961, which entered into force on 1 September 1961. It gave the nationals of the member states the right to take up employment in another member state provided that there were no nationals of that member state available for the job. The regulation was superseded by another regulation on 1 May 1964, which further extended the right of workers to take up employment in another member state. However, it was not until 8 November 1968, when regulation (EEC) no 1612/68 entered into force, that free movement of workers was fully implemented within the Communities. Through this regulation, the original article 49 of the EEC treaty was implemented, and all nationals of the member states obtained the right to take up employment in another member state on the same conditions as the nationals of that particular member state. The free movement of workers was thus implemented before the twelve-year period stipulated in the EEC treaty had expired. On 16 June 2011, this regulation was replaced by the Free Movement of Workers Regulation 2011. At the time free movement of workers was implemented within the European Communities, the corresponding right already existed within the Benelux (since 1960) and between the Nordic countries (since 1954) through separate international treaties and conventions.
The Directive 2004/38/EC on the right to move and reside freely assembles the different aspects of the right of movement in one document, replacing inter alia the directive 1968/360/EEC. It also clarifies procedural issues, and it strengthens the rights of family members of European citizens using the freedom of movement. According to the official site of the European Parliament, the explanation of the freedom of movement goes as follows:
Freedom of movement and residence for persons in the EU is the cornerstone of Union citizenship, which was established by the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. Its practical implementation in EU law, however, has not been straightforward. It first involved the gradual phasing out, of internal borders under the Schengen agreements, initially in just a handful of Member States. Today, the provisions governing the free movement of persons are laid down in Directive 2004/38/EC on the right of EU citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States. However, the implementation of this directive continues to face many obstacles.
Definition of "worker"
The meaning of 'worker' is a matter of European Union law. "The essential feature of an employment relationship, however, is that for a certain period of time a person performs services for and under the direction of another person in return for which he receives remuneration."
Purpose: under the European Court of Justice caselaw, the rights of free movement of workers applies regardless of the worker's purpose in taking up employment abroad, so long as the work is not solely provided as a means of rehabilitation or reintegration of the workers concerned into society.
Time commitment: the right of free movement applies to both part-time and full-time work, so long as the work is effective and genuine and not of such small scale, irregular nature or limited duration to be purely marginal and ancillary.
Remuneration: a wage is a necessary precondition for activity to constitute work, but the amount is not important. The right to free movement applies whether or not the worker required additional financial assistance from the Member State into which he moves. Remuneration may be indirect quid pro quo (e.g. board and lodging) rather than strict consideration for work.
Direction of another: where a person is self-employed, he can avail himself of the freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment.
Extent of the right
The right to free movement applies where the legal relationship of employment is entered into in or shall take effect within the territory of the European Community. The precise legal scope of the right to free movement for workers has been shaped by the European Court of Justice and by directives and regulations. Underlying these developments is a tension "between the image of the Community worker as a mobile unit of production, contributing to the creation of a single market and to the economic prosperity of Europe" and the "image of the worker as a human being, exercising a personal right to live in another country and to take up employment there without discrimination, to improve the standard of living of his or her family".
Discrimination and market access
Groener v Minister for Education,
Keck and Mithouard, ,
Public service exception
Commission v Belgium [1980] ECR 3881
Sotigiu v Deutsche Bundespost [1974] ECR 153
Directives and regulations
Royer [1976] ECR 497
Watson and Belmann [1976] ECR 1185
Antonissen [1991] ECR I-745
repealed and replaced by
Ministere Public v Even and ONPTS [1979] ECR 2019
Diatta v Land Berlin [1985] ECR 567
R (Secretary of State for the Home Department) v Immigration Appeal Tribunal and Surinder Singh [1991] ECR I-4265
Social rights
Gravier v City of Liege [1985] ECR 593
Maria Martinez Sala v Freistaat Bayern [1998] ECR I-2691
Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre Public d'Aide Sociale d'Ottignes-Louvain-la-Neuve (CPAS) [2001] ECR I-6193
Transitional provisions in new member states
In the Treaty of Accession 2003, the Treaty of Accession 2005, and the Treaty of Accession 2011, there is a clause about a transition period before workers from the new member states can be employed on an equal, non-discriminatory terms in the old member states. The old member states have the right to impose such transitional period for 2 years, then to decide to extend it for additional 3 years, and then, if there is serious proof that labour from new member states would be disruptive to the market in the old member states then the period can be extended for the last time for 2 more years.
According to the principle of reciprocity, new member states have the right to impose restrictions for all the countries that introduced restrictions and transitional periods to their citizens. Croatia has decided to apply this rule.
Withdrawal from the European Union
The United Kingdom formally left the EU on 31 January 2020, following on a public vote held in June 2016. However a transition period to give time to negotiate a trade deal between the UK and the EU was in place in the interim. The EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA) was concluded on 24 December 2020.
On 1 January 2021 free movement of persons between the parties ended as it is not incorporated in the TCA or the Brexit withdrawal agreement.
Freedom of movement in the European Economic Area
The citizens of the member states of the European Economic Area (which includes the EU) have the same right of freedom of movement in the EEA as EU citizens do within the Union. Additionally, the European Union, its member states, and Switzerland have concluded a multilateral agreement with the same meaning. The EEA member states outside the EU (Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein) and Switzerland are treated as "old member states" in regard to the Treaty of Accession of the new EU members, so they can impose such 2+3+2 transitional periods.
Switzerland
Switzerland initially granted freedom of movement to EEA citizens from 2005 to 2011. It briefly reimposed restrictions in 2012–2013, but lifted them again in 2014. A 2014 Referendum directed the Swiss government to impose permanent quotas on residence/work permits for citizens of all EEA countries except Liechtenstein, starting from 2017 at the latest. However, on 22 December 2016, Switzerland and the EU concluded an agreement that a new Swiss law (in response to the referendum) may require Swiss employers to give priority to Swiss-based job seekers (Swiss nationals and foreigners registered in Swiss job agencies) but does not limit the free movement of EU workers to Switzerland.
Liechtenstein
Liechtenstein was originally allowed by Protocol 15 of the EEA Agreement to limit free movement of persons from other EEA states until 1 January 1998 and then the measure was subjected to a review which concluded in a declaration by the EEA Council that allowed Liechtenstein to indefinitely limit free movement of persons from other EEA states pursuant to Article 112 of the EEA Agreement. Liechtenstein imposes quotas for all EEA citizens (issuing 56 residence permits per year) and a separate quota for Swiss citizens (a further 12 residence permits per year).
Summary
See also
Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement
Compact of Free Association
European Union law
Citizenship of the European Union
Immigration (European Economic Area) Regulations
Internal Market
Free Movement of Citizens Directive
Freedom of movement
Free movement protocol
References
External links
European Commission: EU citizenship and free movement
Your Europe: Work Permits
EURES – The European Job Mobility Portal
The Free Movement of Persons in the European Union: A Legal-historical Overview
European Union law
Global workforce
European Union
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom%20of%20movement%20for%20workers%20in%20the%20European%20Union
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Ozoir-la-Ferrière () is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France. It is located in the urban area of Paris east-southeast from the center.
Demographics
Inhabitants are called Ozoiriens or Ozophoriciens.
History
During the French Revolution, Ozoir-la-Ferrière was temporarily renamed Ozoir-la-Raison, meaning "Ozoir the Reason".
Transportation
Ozoir-la-Ferrière is served by Ozoir-la-Ferrière station on Paris RER line .
Twin cities
Ozoir-la-Ferrière is twinned with the town of Swords, the county town of Fingal, in Dublin, eastern Ireland.
See also
Communes of the Seine-et-Marne department
References
External links
Official website
1999 Land Use, from IAURIF (Institute for Urban Planning and Development of the Paris-Île-de-France région)
Communes of Seine-et-Marne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozoir-la-Ferri%C3%A8re
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Wilmer and the Dukes (originally Wilmer Alexander Junior and the Dukes) were a United States R&B band in upstate New York in the 1960s. Though they produced only a handful of singles and one album, they performed regularly, and had a dedicated following. One reviewer said, "In Geneva, there were two kinds of kids. Those who went to 'Wilmer' and those who didn't." They are fondly remembered by many of the college alumni from that area, and their music continues to be played today. They were also an influence on other rising musicians such as Eric Bloom, the lead singer of Blue Öyster Cult, and they may have been the inspiration for "Otis Day and the Knights", the 1960s fictional band in the 1978 movie Animal House.
The group disbanded in 1974, but came back together for some benefit concerts in 1988. With several personnel changes, the band stayed together and played for the next 24 years as The Legendary Dukes until breaking up in early 2012.
History
The band originated in 1957 in Geneva, New York, formed by Wilmer Alexander Jr. (born c. 1943), Ronnie Alberts, and Ralph Gillotte. Except for Alexander, all of the members were white, which made the band stand out even more in some of the all-black clubs that they first played in. The Alexanders lived on 90 Wadsworth Street in Geneva, and the band used to practice at one of the garages owned by the Felice Trucking Company on Kirkwood Ave.
Alexander sang and played saxophone, and the band was managed by Ebo (Owl) Alberts, the father of the drummer, Ronnie Alberts, and the original bassist, Monty Alberts. The guitarist, Doug Brown, was from the South and played Stevie Cropper-style. Doug Brown wrote their big hit "Give Me One More Chance". Ralph "Duke" Gillotte was the keyboardist and additional vocalist.
They were primarily a cover band, playing other people's material, such as by Steve Miller and The Rolling Stones. Other music was from Sam and Dave and there were also saxophone based hits such as those originated by Junior Walker & the AllStars. One of their most popular covers was Lee Dorsey's "Get Out of My Life, Woman".
Early years
The band played from approximately from 1961 to 1974 at various locations around Upstate New York, mostly on the college and bar circuit. Regular venues were The "Pittsford Inn" in Pittsford, New York, "Club 86" in Geneva on Saturdays, and "Bristol Ski Lodge" in Canandaigua on Fridays. Summer 1962 found them at The Dolphin, Sodus Point and the Boom-Boom Club, 9 Mile Point, Webster. They were also regular guests at St. Bonaventure University, and known to play at the Gargoyle Park Pavilion in Olean. In 1964 and 1965, they appeared regularly at parties sponsored by the Social Lions, a secret society at Niagara University in Lewiston.
One club which helped them was The Inferno in Williamsville,as well as Gilligans in Cheektowaga, N.Y. both suburbs of Buffalo. Every Wednesday night, long lines of fans formed through Glen Park and over the bridge on Glen Avenue, many waiting for hours to get into the sold-out Inferno. Wilmer & the Dukes would play such cover songs as "Reach Out" and "I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" by the Four Tops, "Shotgun" & "Road Runner" by Junior Walker & the Allstars, and "Baby Let Me Bang Your Box" by Doug Clark and the Hot Nuts. Other acts they opened for included Wilson Pickett and Sly & the Family Stone. Another of their venues was a bowling alley, Clover Lanes in Rochester. The lanes would be covered over with a temporary wooden stage, Wilmer and the Dukes would play an opening set, and then a national act such as Tommy James and the Shondells, Freddie and the Dreamers, or The Association would be the headliner. Wilmer and the Dukes also regularly played at The Red Dog in Manlius, a Syracuse suburb. They also performed many Sunday afternoons at the DeMay Hotel ballroom located on the corner of Latta Road and Elmgrove Road in Greece, NY.
It was at the "Holiday Bar and Grille" in 1963 that they were first heard by future Blue Öyster Cult vocalist Eric Bloom. He became a fan of the band, attending over 100 performances, and stayed close with them for years. In 1967, his own student band, Lost and Found, opened for the Dukes when they played at his campus, Hobart College, and they also came to perform at his fraternity, Tau Kappa Epsilon.
Recording history
After 7 years of playing the local circuit, arrangements were made for the group to cut their first recordings for Buffalo-based Aphrodisiac Records. The band's first single was an original dance track by guitarist Brown called "Give Me One More Chance", and was released in the spring of 1968. It got heavy play on stations in upper New York state and upper Pennsylvania, and was a top 40 hit in several East Coast markets and also in Phoenix, Arizona and Bakersfield, California. However, nationally the record only peaked at #78 in Cash Box (in June), and at #80 on the Billboard Hot 100. Mike Gentile from Motown tried to sign Wilmer, but during a talk between Wilmer and Junior Walker at the "Warehouse" after Junior described how his hit "What Does It Take To Win Your Love" was suppressed by Motown, he decided not to sign.
"Give Me One More Chance" was a slightly bigger hit in Canada than in the band's home country, peaking at #63 on the RPM charts in July 1968. In Toronto, the single reached #18 on the CHUM chart in June, 1968, and hit #8 at rival station CKEY. This would be the only Canadian chart action for the band, which at the time was billed as Wilmer Alexander Jr., and the Dukes.
A 1968 follow-up single, "Heavy Time", failed to chart. However, the single's B-side, the Jagger/Richards composition "I'm Free", did chart in the top 30 on radio stations in both Syracuse and Rochester. This same song would much later be a hit for the Soup Dragons.
The band's one album (credited to Wilmer and the Dukes) was released in 1969 by Aphrodisiac Records. The album featured "Give Me One More Chance", "Heavy Time" and "I'm Free", as well as two more singles pulled from the album: "Living In The USA", written by Steve Miller, and "Get Out of My Life, Woman", written by Allen Toussaint. Released in the summer of 1969, "Living In The USA" was another regional hit for the band in upper New York state (and also a top 40 hit in Detroit), but the song only made it to #114 on the Billboard 'bubbling under' chart, and failed to break out nationally beyond these markets. "Get Out of My Life, Woman", released in October, didn't even bubble under, although it did see chart action in Pittsburgh.
In the summer of ’69 (summer of Woodstock), Wilmer hired a young wind section to match the current sounds of BST, James Brown, Wilson Pickett etc. Frank Grasso-Trumpet, Steve Weinstein-Trombone, and Peter Kanyuk- Woodwinds. (Peter Kanyuk at fb has painstakingly restored 30 live audio cuts of Wilmer and the Dukes, none of which appear on his 1969 LP album.
Their manager later brought them to Detroit, but their work never really caught on outside of the lower Great Lakes region. Still, although the original members never recorded after 1969, their live shows were a consistent draw in upper New York state, and Wilmer and the Dukes gigged steadily in and around Syracuse, Rochester and Buffalo (playing several gigs at the Warehouse, in Kirkwood, New York) until they broke up in 1974.
Reunion and "The Legendary Dukes"
In 1988, the group reformed for a series of sold-out benefit concerts to help pay some medical bills for the ailing Alexander. Thereafter, various members (without Alexander) continued touring as The Legendary Dukes. The Dukes original organist, Ralph Gillotte, died in 1999; Ron Alberts, the last original band member, retired in 2004.
The band continued to play, albeit with no original members, for several years afterward. Eric “Mitty” Moore retired as front man and lead singer of the Legendary Dukes on January 1, 2011 after 20+ years with the band. Trombone player David DeWitt retired on September 10, 2011 after 16 years with the Legendary Dukes. He had been the primary business manager and horn section leader for the group creating complex and often intricate horn arrangements for the band. Most of the rest of the band left in September and October 2011.
Finally on March 28, 2012 the band released the following statement announcing the break-up of the band on the groups Facebook page:
To all of the fans and longtime supporters of the Legendary Dukes, during the past year we lost half of our band members in key positions due to financial, personal and professional reasons. Unfortunately, despite desperate attempts to get replacement members, we could not keep things moving forward with all the personnel changes within that short of a period.
The Legendary Dukes and the band that they grew out of...Wilmer Alexander Jr. and the Dukes, have enjoyed a fifty seven year run...no mean feat considering the life expectancy of any band whether local or a national . The people that have made that possible are a special breed. To try to continue on without replacements cut from that same “cloth" would be an impossibility. Sadly it has left us with only one course of action and that is to disband.
We know The Dukes and our music meant a lot to many people as did it to us. We would like to thank you all for your support and the memories. Also a very special thank you for the people that became part of our extended family: The Buffalo Launch Club in Grand Island NY, Saint Gabriele's and the "Soul Patrol “in Elma, NY, The Blue Moon Ball Staff at the Corning Glass Museum, Corning NY, All of our Canadian friends up north, The Buffalo Irish Club, Buffalo, NY, The Brew Haus in Orchard Park, NY, Root 5 in Hamburg, NY, The City of Buffalo NY, Batavia Downs Grandstands Restaurant, Finger Lakes Gaming & Race Track in Farmington, NY, and the many others that supported us over the years...and last but certainly not least Jim and Patty Clinton of the River Grille in North Tonawanda NY.
So for one last time “Thank you for supporting live music because it's people like you that allow us to do what we do"
....The Legendary Dukes.
In April, 2015, Wilmer and the Dukes were inducted into the Rochester, N.Y. Music Hall of Fame.
Discography
Wilmer and The Dukes
Wilmer and the Dukes, 1969, Aphrodisiac Records, APH6001 (reissued 1999, Forevermore Records, ASIN B000005D6L)
Songs:
Living in the U.S.A.
Count on Me
Get Out of My Life, Woman
I Do Love You
Love-Itis/Show Me
Heavy Time
St. James Infirmary
Get It (instrumental)
I'm Free
Give Me One More Chance
Gettin' Over You
But It's Alright
The Legendary Dukes
Committed To Soul, 1994, Forevermore Records
Songs:
Bring The Magic Back
Baby, Now That I Found You
One Way Ticket
Rock Steady
It Won't Be Wrong
I Still Do
Mountain Of Love
I Got The Will
You Are All I Need
Obsession
Happy Ever After
Them Changes
"Bonus Track" - Whiter Shade Of Pale
See The World From The Side Of The Road, 2004, self released
Songs:
White Boy (Instrumental)
Yellow Moon
It's Your Thing
What's Going On
Give Me One More Chance
Have A Little Faith In Me
Evil Ways
Jailhouse Rock
Magic Carpet Ride
Drift Away
References
External links
Vinyl podcast
Demon Music Group information
Play history for "I'm Free" at WBBF
Metal Snowball Records information
CHUM Chart for 1968
Discussion of the single "Living In The USA"
Official Site for The Legendary Dukes, with a history of Wilmer and the Dukes
Amazon reviews and sound clips
American rhythm and blues musical groups
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilmer%20%26%20the%20Dukes
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Jessie Harlan Lincoln (November 6, 1875 – January 4, 1948) was the second daughter of Robert Todd Lincoln, the granddaughter of Abraham Lincoln, and the mother of Mary Lincoln Beckwith and Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith.
Early life
Jessie Harlan Lincoln was born on November 6, 1875, in Chicago to Mary and Robert Todd Lincoln. At the time of her birth, Robert Lincoln was practicing law in Chicago. She was the last of three children of Robert Todd Lincoln.
Jessie's sister and brother were, respectively:
Mary "Mamie" Lincoln, October 15, 1869 – November 21, 1938
Abraham "Jack" Lincoln II, August 14, 1873 – March 5, 1890
Lincoln spent part of her childhood in Washington, D.C., when her father was Secretary of War from 1881 to 1885. She later lived in London, England, when her father was the Minister to Great Britain from 1889 to 1893. Jessie's brother, Abraham Lincoln II, died on March 5, 1890, in London at the age of 16, and three years later, the family returned to America, ultimately to Mary Eunice Harlan's mother's residence in Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Jessie and her sister were piano students in the summer session of Iowa Wesleyan in 1886. She was later initiated into the Pleasant Chapter A of the P.E.O. Sisterhood on December 31, 1895, an organization of which her sister, Mamie, had become a member more than 11 years prior.
In 1919, while Lincoln was married to her second husband, her father established a trust for her and her sister, Mary Lincoln Isham. For Isham's trust, he deposited 375 shares of Commonwealth Edison stock worth slightly more than $38,000 () and 1,000 shares of National Biscuit stock worth $85,000 (). For Jessie, he deposited 1,000 shares of Commonwealth Edison stock worth $101,750 () and 1,000 shares of National Biscuit stock worth $85,000 (). It was purported that Jessie received more because she was often irresponsible with her finances. In 1920, he deposited another 1,250 shares of Commonwealth Edison stock worth than $100,000 () into Jessie's trust fund.
Personal life
Marriages
On November 10, 1897, she married Warren Wallace Beckwith, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, at 2:30 in the afternoon. Beckwith was a member of the Mt. Pleasant Football Team and Jessie's father, Robert, strongly and bitterly opposed the couple's being together. He believed their relationship had ended until news of their elopement reached him and his family. He hurried to Jessie's room only to find it empty and that Jessie had married several hours before. In Des Moines County, Iowa in 1898, she gave birth to her first child, Mary Lincoln Beckwith (1898–1975). She continued to live in Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and on July 19, 1904, had her second and last child, Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith (1904–1985), named after her father. Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith was the last undisputed descendant of Abraham Lincoln.
In 1907, Jessie divorced Warren Beckwith. Her second marriage was to Frank Edward Johnson (born 1873) in 1915. They divorced in 1925.
In 1926, Jessie married her third and final husband, Robert John Randolph, an electrical engineer of the Randolph family of Virginia. Her later two marriages did not produce any more children.
Death
From 1946 until her death in 1948, Lincoln lived at their summer estate, Hildene, in Manchester, Vermont. On January 4, 1948, Jessie Harlan Lincoln died at the age of 72 at Rutland Hospital in Rutland, Vermont, the same place where her daughter, Mary would die 27 years later. Lincoln was buried in Dellwood Cemetery in Manchester, Vermont.
See also
Lincoln family tree
References
1875 births
1948 deaths
Lincoln family
People from Chicago
People from Manchester, Vermont
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessie%20Harlan%20Lincoln
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The Jawahar Planetarium is located in the city of Prayagraj in Uttar Pradesh, India. It was built in 1979 and is situated beside Anand Bhavan the former residence of the Nehru-Gandhi family and now a museum. It is managed by the 'Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund' (established 1964), which has its headquarters at Teen Murti House, New Delhi.
Each year, the prestigious 'Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Lecture' is also held at the planetarium, organised under the auspices of Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund on the birth anniversary of India's first prime minister, 14 November.
See also
Astrotourism in India
Nehru Planetarium
Swami Vivekananda Planetarium, Mangalore
List of tourist attractions in Prayagraj
List of planetariums
References
Planetaria in India
Buildings and structures in Prayagraj
Tourist attractions in Prayagraj
1979 establishments in Uttar Pradesh
Education in Prayagraj
Science and technology in Prayagraj
Monuments and memorials to Jawaharlal Nehru
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawahar%20Planetarium
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Dieter Hoeneß (born 7 January 1953) is a German former professional football player and executive. A forward in his playing career, Hoeneß was mainly associated with Bayern Munich. After retiring, he stayed connected with football, working extensively in directorial capacities for several clubs. Hoeneß represented West Germany at the 1986 World Cup.
Club career
Born in Ulm, West Germany, Hoeneß played from age six to fourteen as a goalkeeper on amateur level for VfB Ulm, which was co-founded by his father, the master butcher Erwin Hoeneß on 13 November 1949. The team won the 1960/61 season – together with his brother Uli – the 1st districts championship in the D–Youth. From 1967 to 1973 Hoeneß played for TSG Ulm 1846. In 1973, at the age of 20, he moved to VfR Aalen in the first amateur league (third division), before he moved to the professionals in 1975 with VfB Stuttgart, with the club then in the second division. In his first season he won the championship and with 23 goals was the second best scorer for the Aaleners behind Helmut Dietterle. Because of the league reform, in which the five-track Regionalliga was replaced by the two-track 2. Bundesliga as the second highest division, the VfR could not be promoted and also entered the third division in the following season. There Hoeneß was able to reach the championship again with the team but failed in the promotion games. In 1975 the second division club VfB Stuttgart signed him, where he made his debut on 13 September 1975 (7th matchday) in the 0-2 home defeat against 1. FSV Mainz 05; he scored his first goal on 15 October (matchday11) in a 2-0 home win over SV Röchling Völklingen. After two seasons and 19 league goals, he promoted to the Bundesliga. Hoeneß made his debut there on 6 August 1977 (Day 1) in a tenses 3-3 win against his future club, FC Bayern Munich. With the interim 1-1 in the 1-2 defeat in the home game against Hamburger SV on 31 August (5th matchday), he also scored his first goal in the top division.
After the 1978–79 season, where he scored 16 goals to help Stuttgart finish in second place, Hoeneß signed with FC Bayern Munich. There, he was highly successful both individually and collectively, winning five leagues and three cups. A powerful striker whose main strength was his heading ability, he scored five times in double digits during his stint with the Bavarians, for a total of 127 goals in 288 league matches, in the German top division alone; he retired in 1987, at 34. In 224 Bundesliga games he scored 102 goals and scored statistically in every second European Cup game (26 goals in 52 appearances) for Bayern Munich. He took the team to the semi-finals of the 1980 UEFA Europa League, finishing ass the competition’s top scorer with seven goals. In 1982 he lost to Aston Villa in the final of the European Cup and was top scorer again with seven goals. During his time in Munich, the centre forward was feared because of his goal threat. Heading goals was his specialty and he was also considered a natural fighter. He reinforced this reputation when he played on in the 1982 DFB-Pokal final after a collision with 1. FC Nürnberg player Alois Reinhard despite a laceration on his head with a turban-like bandage for almost an hour and finally made it 4-2 in the 89th minute scored with a head. On 25 February 1984, he scored five goals in a row in 21 minutes in a 6-0 home win over Eintracht Braunschweig. His 58th and last match in the European cup competitions in his final season 1986–87 was the defeat in Champions' Cup Final against FC Porto.
International career
On 28 March 1979, Hoeneß played his first international match in the jersey of the B national team, which defeated the senior national team of Norway 3-0 in Aachen, where he contributed a goal. Also in his second game in this national team, on 19 December 1979 in Genoa, he contributed with a goal in the 2-1 victory over the B selection of Italy.
Hoeneß played six times for West Germany, scoring four goals. He scored on his debut with the Republic of Ireland on 22 May 1979, repeating the feat the following month, in Iceland (both matches were away friendlies that ended with 3–1 wins).
Hoeneß then spent seven years without a callup. However, after a solid season with Bayern – 15 league goals, winning the double – the veteran was picked for the squad that took part in the 1986 FIFA World Cup in Mexico, where he played twice for the eventual runners-up; one of those appearances came in the final against Argentina, where he replaced Felix Magath at the hour-mark, obtaining the distinction of being the oldest player on the field, at 33 years and 173 days. He was called up by team boss Franz Beckenbauer for the game against Switzerland in Basel on 9 April 1986 and he scored the "golden" goal. In the subsequent 1-1 draw with Yugoslavia on 11 May in Bochum, he failed to score in an international match for the first.
Post-retirement
After retiring from active play, Hoeneß first took on a position as PR manager with computer manufacturers Commodore International, which were then a major sponsor of Bayern Munich. In October, he took up his new position as head of sports marketing at the company, which at the time he dominated the German market for home computers. He was responsible for the expiry of the sponsorship agreement with the record champions in 1989 and, due to strategic reorientation of the company, for focusing on other sports such as equestrianism, golf, tennis and alpine skiing and in the direction of event marketing. Between 1990 and 1995 he worked as commercial/general manager with his first club, Stuttgart. It was part of a professionalization strategy that included Daimler board spokesman Matthias Kleinert as a member of the VfB executive committee. The Swabian club won the league title in the 1991/92 season but missed out on the following season due to a "mistake" – coach Christoph Daum used four foreign players without justification after Jovica Simanić was substituted on in the second leg at Leeds United – after a 1-2 defeat in decider at Camp Nou in the first round of the 1992/93 UEFA Champions League, the group stage of the inaugural European Cup. In the following years the club could no longer build on the success. In the spring of. 1995, the sporting management in the form of Hoeneß was also accused of not fitting his Anglo-Saxon vocabulary such as "event", "marketing" and "merchandising" to Swabian down-to-earthness and he came to work late in the morning. Hoeneß' successor became his predecessor, the managing director Ulrich Schäfer, who was in office between 1976. And 1990, took over the operational skills of association again.
In November 1995, Michael A. Roth, the president of 1. FC Nürnberg, campaigned massively for Hoeneß' commitment but was unable to assert him in the club, in order for Hoeneß to accept the offer to take over post of general manager of a TV company. In April 1997, Hoeneß ended his commitment to the TV company and Hoeneß became vice-president of another Bundesliga outfit, Hertha BSC after acting as substitute for the dismissed Carl-Heinz Rühl since March. After the club's promotion to the Bundesliga in the summer of that year, the team subsequently established itself in the top flight and qualified seven times in twelve seasons under Hoeneß' leadership to take part in an international cup. The team was in the top 6 in the league eight times during this period. Shortly after, he switched to commercial/general manager, and was released on 7 June 2009. He was released on 7 June 2009 at his own request, one year before the end of his contract, after disagreements over his management style.
On 21 December 2009, Hoeneß was announced as new general manager at VfL Wolfsburg, taking office on 15 January 2010. After Felix Magath's return to the club, his contract was cancelled on 17 March 2011.
Personal life
Hoeneß attended the Schubart Gymnasium in Ulm and passed the Abitur there in 1972. In Tübingen he began studying to become a teacher in the subjects English, geography and sports. As a city sponsor of his hometown of Ulm, Hoeneß supported the social project We help Africa for the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. He is an ambassador for the initiative Respect! No place for racism. After his career as Bundesliga manager, Hoeneß moved back to Munich, where he founded a consulting company in 2012. Hoeneß's older brother, Uli, was also a successful forward in the Bundesliga, also representing his country internationally. Dieter arrived at Bayern Munich as his brother departed, and Uli went on to also have a lengthy career as a general manager/club president. Both enjoy playing golf in their leisure time. Dieter's son, Sebastian Hoeneß, is a former footballer and current manager. He played for the U19s of Vfb Stuttgart, TSG 1899 Hoffenheim and the second team of Hertha BSC, among others. In Berlin, Sebastian was captain of the U-23 team. From June 2019, after several positions as a youth coach, he was head coach of the newly promoted third division FC Bayern Munich II, with whom he immediately became third division champion. From July 2020 until the end of the 2021/22 season he was head coach of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim in the Bundesliga.
Honours
As a player
Bayern Munich
Bundesliga: 1979–80, 1980–81, 1984–85, 1985–86, 1986–87
DFB-Pokal: 1981–82, 1983–84, 1985–86; runner-up 1984–85
European Cup: runner-up 1981–82, 1986–87
Individual
Top scorer of the DFB-Pokal: 1979
Top scorer of the Europa League: 1980
Top scorer of the UEFA Champions League: 1982
Germany
FIFA World Cup: runner-up 1986
As a manager
Bundesliga: 1992
DFL-Supercup winner: 1992
DFL-Ligapokal winners: 2001, 2002
References
External links
1953 births
Living people
Footballers from Ulm
German men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
VfB Stuttgart players
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Germany men's international footballers
Germany men's B international footballers
1986 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Champions League top scorers
West German men's footballers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieter%20Hoene%C3%9F
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Joseph Juneau () (born January 5, 1968) is a Canadian former professional hockey player and engineer, born in Pont-Rouge, Quebec. He played in the National Hockey League for the Boston Bruins, Washington Capitals, Buffalo Sabres, Ottawa Senators, Phoenix Coyotes and the Montreal Canadiens.
Playing career
As a youth, Juneau played in the 1979, 1980 and 1981 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournaments with a minor ice hockey team from Pont-Rouge.
Originally drafted by the Bruins in the fourth round of the 1988 NHL Entry Draft, Juneau was a star college hockey player at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, where he scored 71 goals in four regular seasons and was a two-time All-American selection. He was well known for having a 4.0 grade point average and earning a degree in just three years in aeronautical engineering, despite the fact that he did not speak English when he first arrived in New York.
After college, Juneau spent a year with the Canadian Olympic team while disputing his contract offer from the Bruins. The sticking point was Juneau's insistence on being paid full salary even if he was sent to the minors - a demand Boston refused, having been burned in a nearly identical situation with Wes Walz the previous year. Then-general manager Harry Sinden was famously quoted in response to Juneau's threat to play in Switzerland instead "Well, I hope he learns to yodel." In the meantime, Juneau led Canada to a silver medal at the 1992 Albertville Games, and was the tournament's leading scorer.
Juneau would eventually sign with Boston on the team's terms, and Sinden's fears proved groundless. Juneau joined the Bruins' NHL roster right after the Olympics, and never spent a day in the minor leagues during his career. He had an impressive nineteen points in fourteen regular season games at the end of the 1992 season before a strong playoff.
His best season was his rookie year of 1992–93 with the Bruins, when, as the left winger on a powerful line with Adam Oates and Cam Neely, he had 32 goals and 102 points and set the NHL record for assists in a season by a left wing with 70, a mark Juneau held until 2022, when it was passed by Jonathan Huberdeau of the Florida Panthers. As a reward, he was named to the NHL All-Rookie Team.
Legend has it while with the Bruins, Juneau approached Bruins legend Johnny Bucyk asking if he could wear his No. 9 in Boston. Bucyk responded "Score 557 goals first, and then come talk to me."
During the 1993–94 season, the Bruins traded Juneau to the Capitals for Al Iafrate (who played only twelve games for Boston). In 1996, he became the first player ever to be awarded a penalty shot in overtime in a Stanley Cup playoff game (although he failed to score) during the second overtime of the Capitals' four-overtime loss to Pittsburgh. Juneau was also a member of the 1997–98 Capitals squad that reached the 1998 Stanley Cup Finals, scoring seventeen points in twenty-one playoff games. He scored the game-winning goal in overtime against the Buffalo Sabres in the 1998 Eastern Conference Finals that sent the Capitals to the Stanley Cup Finals. The next season, 1998–99, with the Capitals plagued by injuries and missing the playoffs, Juneau was traded to the Sabres, who reached the 1999 Stanley Cup Finals.
Juneau spent the 1999–2000 season with the Ottawa Senators, who signed him largely to fill the offensive gap created when Alexei Yashin was suspended for failing to honor his contract.
Juneau's offensive numbers steadily declined, largely due to chronic injuries. He became a journeyman, playing for five teams in four seasons before settling with the Montreal Canadiens as a third-liner for the final three seasons of his career. He announced his retirement after the 2003–04 NHL season. Juneau finished with 156 goals and 416 assists for 572 points over thirteen seasons.
Juneau wore No. 90 for the majority of his career, and later admitted that his reason for choosing No. 90 was a result of his preferred No. 9 was either retired or worn by different players. The lone exception was during his stint with the Ottawa Senators when he wore No. 39. This was done as then general manager Pierre Gauthier had a policy in place where no player could wear a number higher than the goaltender. As Patrick Lalime wore No. 40, Juneau was unable to wear his customary No. 90, which he reverted to following a trade to the Phoenix Coyotes.
Post-retirement
After his playing career, Juneau became a partner and account manager at Quebec City-based Harfan Technologies. Rensselaer awarded Juneau an honorary degree at the school's 2005 commencement ceremonies, then named him as the second inductee into the Rensselaer "Ring of Honor" in November. Between 2005-2007, Juneau moved to Fairbanks, Alaska, where he helped promote hockey to the youth in the area before moving to Kuujjuaq, Quebec, on a permanent basis, where he heads a hockey program for Inuit youth in northern Quebec focused on encouraging academic progress, a contribution for which he received the 2007 La Presse/Radio-Canada Personality of the Year Award. His involvement with the Nunavik hockey program ended in 2017.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
See also
List of NHL players with 100-point seasons
Awards and honors
References
External links
No Average Joé
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute News
1968 births
Living people
Boston Bruins draft picks
Boston Bruins players
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from Quebec
Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Knights of the National Order of Quebec
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Montreal Canadiens players
Olympic ice hockey players for Canada
Olympic medalists in ice hockey
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Ottawa Senators players
People from Capitale-Nationale
Phoenix Coyotes players
RPI Engineers men's ice hockey players
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute alumni
Washington Capitals players
AHCA Division I men's ice hockey All-Americans
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jo%C3%A9%20Juneau
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Ramez Naam is an American technologist and science fiction writer. He is best known as the author of the Nexus Trilogy. His other books include The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finite Planet and More than Human: Embracing the Promises of Biological Enhancement. He is currently co-chair for energy and the environment at Singularity University.
Earlier in his life, Naam was a computer scientist at Microsoft for 13 years and led teams working on Outlook, Internet Explorer, and Bing.
Early life
Naam was born in Cairo, Egypt to a Coptic Christian family, and came to the United States when he was three years old. He has worked as a lifeguard. Naam worked at Microsoft for 13 years, and led teams working on Outlook, Internet Explorer, and Bing.
Career
Ramez Naam is an adjunct professor at Singularity University, where he lectures on energy, environment, and innovation. He has appeared on Sunday morning MSNBC, Yahoo! Finance, China Cable Television, BigThink, and Reuters.FM. His work has appeared in, or has been reviewed by, The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, The Los Angeles Times, The Atlantic, Slate, Business Week, Business Insider, Discover, Popular Science, Wired, and Scientific American.
Naam's book Nexus was one of NPR’s best books of 2013. Nexus and its sequels explore the risks and potential rewards of a technology allowing humans to link their mind directly to one another.
Awards
In 2005 he received the H.G. Wells Award for Contributions to Transhumanism.
In 2014 Nexus won the Prometheus Award, and he was nominated for the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer. In 2015 Apex won the Philip K. Dick Award.
Books
Non-fiction
More than Human: Embracing the Promise of Biological Enhancement. Broadway Books, 2005
The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finite Planet. University Press of New England, 2013
Fiction
The Nexus Trilogy
Nexus (December 2012)
Crux (August 2013)
Apex (May 2015)
References
External links
Interview with O’Reilly Radar Podcast
Interview with BookBrowse
Naam's law
American computer businesspeople
American nanotechnologists
American computer specialists
Living people
Egyptian emigrants to the United States
Writers from Seattle
American transhumanists
Year of birth missing (living people)
American male novelists
Coptic Christians from Egypt
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramez%20Naam
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Uwe Kreisel is a writer and textbook author in the fields of linguistics, ESL, and cross-cultural topics.
Bibliography
1992: English One.
1993: English Two.
1996: Net Jargon.
1997: E-mail English.
1997: Ultimate Idioms.
2000: Fluessiges Englisch.
8th edition published 2009.
2002: American Slang in letzter Minute.
2003: Kulturschluessel USA.
2003: MultiLingua Classics: English One & Two, 2 CD-ROMs.
updated edition, 1st edition published 1995
2004: Viimase minuti ameerika släng.
Estonian version of American Slang 2004: Kulturschluessel China.
2007: China erleben und verstehen.
2009: Smarte Sprüche: USA.
2011: Englisch ganz leicht. Urlaubskurs.''
External links
Uwe Kreisel's website
1961 births
Living people
Washington University in St. Louis alumni
German male writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwe%20Kreisel
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Vikas Khanna (born 14 November 1971) is an Indian chef, restaurateur, cookbook writer, filmmaker and humanitarian. He is one of the judges of MasterChef India since its beginning . He is based in New York City.
Early life and education
Khanna was born in Amritsar, India in a Punjabi family. He did his schooling at St. Francis School, Amritsar. He was born with a leg deformity (club foot) and wasn't able to run until he was 13 years old. He graduated Manipal Academy of Higher Education in 1991 where he studied hotel management. He then studied at Culinary Institute of America and New York University.
Vikas Khanna also received an honorary doctorate at GD Goenka University.
Career
While in India, Khanna worked for the Taj Hotels, Oberoi group, Welcome group, and Leela Group of Hotels.
Khanna had worked at Salaam Bombay and The Café at the Rubin Museum of Art in New York before he joined Junoon, an upscale Indian restaurant in Flatiron district of Manhattan. Junoon received a favorable review from Sam Sifton in The New York Times in its inaugural year and was awarded a Michelin star by the Michelin Guide for six consecutive years since 2011.
He has also worked with top chefs including Gordon Ramsay, Eric Ripert, Bobby Flay and Jean-Georges Vongerichten.
In 2019, he opened a restaurant called Kinara in Dubai. In 2020, he opened a restaurant called Ellora in Dubai.
Television shows
From 2011, Khanna hosted seven seasons of MasterChef India (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) a series based on the original British version. He has been hosting all the seasons of the show since then. Khanna was invited as a guest judge on MasterChef Australia in Season 6.
He has hosted four seasons of the show Twist of Taste on Fox Life.
Khanna was featured as a Consultant chef to help a failing Indian restaurant named Purnima on the Gordon Ramsay TV series Kitchen Nightmares.
Khanna appeared as a judge and an Indian-cuisine specialist on the two-part season finale of Hell's Kitchen.
He has appeared on Throwdown! with Bobby Flay as a judge and as a guest chef on The Martha Stewart Show.
Film production
Khanna has produced a documentary series named Holy Kitchens, which explores the bond between faith and food.
His documentary Kitchens of Gratitude was featured at Marche du Film at the 69th Cannes Film Festival.
His directorial debut The Last Color is a film about the daily struggles for survival on the streets of the ancient city of Banaras, India. The teaser of the film was released at the 71st Cannes Film Festival.
Philanthropy
Khanna launched the foundation "South Asian Kid's Infinite Vision" (SAKIV) to focus on worldwide issues that demand urgent action such as Tsunami Relief, Hurricanes of the Gulf Coast, Haiti. In collaboration with charitable institutions, such as Save the Children, the foundation has hosted many events worldwide - from The Great Pyramid of Giza in Egypt to the Taj Mahal in India.
In 2018 Vikas Khanna built the first Culinary museum of India at his alma mater Welcomgroup Graduate School of Hotet
"Cooking for Life" founded by Khanna in 2001 in New York along with the world's top chefs supports several social causes.
Vision of Palate is his award-winning workshop developed to educate people with visual disabilities about the sense of taste, flavor and aromas.
On 14 May 2012, Khanna cooked for a fundraiser hosted for President Obama at the Rubin Museum of Art in New York City
Khanna is the goodwill ambassador for Smile Foundation and supports the cause of malnutrition in India. He has pledged to raise 1 million US dollars for the same.
In April 2020, during the COVID-19 global pandemic, he started a "Feed India" initiative which is backed by Pepsi, India Gate, Quaker Oats, Hyatt Regency and Global Funds for Widows and delivers food and supplies to those in need in India.
Awards and recognitions
Top 10 Chefs in the world by Deutsche Welle News and Gazette Review.
Doctor of Philosophy (Honoris causa) Degree by the G D Goenka University.
Doctorate in literature (Honoris causa) by D Y Patil University.
James Beard Foundation Award nomination for his book Return to the Rivers in 2014.
"Rising Star" Chef Award by Star Chefs for his role in shaping the future of American Cuisine(2011).
GQ India Man of the year 2012 by GQ Magazine.
Featured in the list of Sexiest Man Alive by People Magazine in November 2011.
"Access to Freedom Award" in 2005 from SATH.
The Shining Star Award from "Just One Break, Inc."
Proclamation from the New York City Council for his outstanding contribution to the city, and was chosen "New Yorker of the Week" by NY1.
Featured on the cover of Men's Health India Magazine in 2012.
He was voted "New York's Hottest Chef" in a poll conducted by the New York Eater blog.
Chef Vikas Khanna Launches World's First Phygital Cookbook NFT with Akshaya.io blog
Bibliography
1. Ayurveda - The Science of Food and Life
2. Mango Mia - Celebrating the tropical world of Mangoes
3. The Cuisine of Gandhi - Based on the beliefs of the Legend
4. The Spice Story of India
5. New York Chefs Cooking for Life
6. Modern Indian Cooking
7. Flavors First: An Indian Chef's Culinary Journey
8. My Great India Cookbook
9. Khanna Sutra: Food Lessons in Love
10. Everyone Can Cook
11. Savour Mumbai: A Culinary Journey Through India's Melting Pot
12. Young Chefs
13. Return to the Rivers - Recipes and Memories of the Himalayan River Valleys
14. Bliss of Spices - The Essence of Indian Kitchen
15. Hymns from the Soil - A Vegetarian Saga
16. Amritsar - Flavours of the Golden city
17. The Magic Rolling Pin
18. World Feast - My Favourite Kitchen
19. MasterChef India Cookbook
20. Shaken & Stirred - 101 non-alcoholic blends
21. Timeless Legacy - His Holiness the Dalai Lama
22. The Milk Moustache
23. UTSAV - A Culinary Epic of Indian Festivals
24. Indian Harvest - Classic and Contemporary Vegetarian Dishes
25. Essence of Seasoning - My All Time Favorite Recipes
26. Mocktails, Punches, and Shrubs
27. My First Kitchen
28. A Tree Named Ganga
29. PÃTRA - Heritage of the Indian Kitchen
30. The Last Color
31. The Wholesome Grain
32. Pilgrim's Flavors
33. Ceremony of Aromas
34. Magic of Slow Cooking
35. BARKAT
36. Sacred Foods of India
37. Barefoot Empress
38. Imaginary Rain
See also
Indians in the New York City metropolitan area
References
External links
https://m.imdb.com/name/nm2301454
American chefs
Indian chefs
Indian food writers
Artists from Amritsar
1971 births
Living people
Chefs of Indian cuisine
Head chefs of Michelin starred restaurants
Chefs from New York (state)
Manipal Academy of Higher Education alumni
Asia Game Changer Award winners
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikas%20Khanna
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Inden is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Inde, approx. 10 km north-west of Düren. In the area around Inden lignite is extracted in open-pit mines. One mine is being rehabilitated with lake, park, solar power and energy storage. Several hundreds of inhabitants have been resettled in the 1990s and 2000s because of these activities.
Town division
Districts:
Frenz
Inden/Altdorf
Lamersdorf
Lucherberg
Schophoven
Viehöven
References
External links
Düren (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inden%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia
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is a 1932 black-and-white Japanese silent comedy film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. It was the first of six Ozu films to win the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Film of the Year.
The film's story centers on two young brothers whose faith in their father, an office worker, is shaken by what they perceive as his kowtowing to the boss.
Plot
The Yoshi family has just moved to the Tokyo suburbs, close to where the father Kennosuke's direct boss, Iwasaki, is staying. Kennosuke's two young sons Keiji and Ryoichi are supposed to be going to school, but owing to the threats of a group of neighborhood and school bullies, they decide to play truant. After the teacher speaks to their father, Keiji and Ryoichi have no choice but to go to school. They attempt to eat sparrow's eggs to get stronger so that they can get back at the boys, but an older delivery boy Kozou decides to help them out to threaten the bullies, and they emerge as the top dogs amongst the gang.
One of the neighborhood kids is Taro, whose father is Iwasaki himself. The boys argue amongst themselves who has the most powerful father. Not long after, they visit Taro's home, where the office workers have gathered under Iwasaki, who screens some home movies for the amusement of the gathering. The two brothers witness on film how their father, who to them is stern and whom they look up to, plays the buffoon before his colleagues and boss.
Humiliated, they go home and decide that their father isn't such an important person after all. They throw a massive tantrum, and confront their father asking him why he has to grovel under Taro's father. Kennosuke answers that Taro's father is richer and holds a higher position than he does. Dissatisfied with this answer, the two decide to hold a hunger strike. Ryoichi gets a spanking from his father, but after the children have gone to bed, the father confides in the wife that he does not enjoy doing what he does. Both wish for a better future for their children.
The next day, the children attempt a hunger strike during breakfast, but succumb to a dish of onigiri. Kennosuke manages a reconciliation with them. The children say they would like to be a lieutenant general and a general respectively. On their way to school, they see Taro's father in a car, and they urge their father to go up and greet him. As Kennosuke takes a convenient car ride to work, the brothers walk to school with Taro and the rest of the gang.
Cast
Tatsuo Saitō as Chichi
Tomio Aoki as Keiji (Younger Son)
Mitsuko Yoshikawa as Haha (Yoshi's Wife)
Hideo Sugawara as Ryoichi (Older Son)
Takeshi Sakamoto as Juuyaku (Iwasaki, Executive)
Teruyo Hayami as Fujin (Iwasaki's Wife)
Seiichi Kato as Kodomo (Taro)
Shoichi Kofujita as Kozou (Delivery Boy)
Seiji Nishimura as Sensei (Teacher)
Zentaro Iijima, Shotaro Fujimatsu, Michio Sato, Kuniyasu Hayashi, Akio Nomura and Teruaki Ishiwatari as Asobi nakama (Friend)
Reception
I Was Born, But... has a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 23 reviews, with a weighted average of 7.97/10. It also has a score of 91 out of 100 on Metacritic. A. O. Scott wrote, "Everything in this film is utterly believable, so much so that at times it seems almost anecdotal, a sweet little anthology of kids doing the darnedest things. That it is more — a small masterpiece, perfect in design and execution — almost goes without saying, but the film’s profundity and its charm go hand in hand." In 2009 the film was ranked at No. 59 on the list of the Greatest Japanese Films of All Time by Japanese film magazine kinema Junpo. It ranked 183rd in the 2012 Sight & Sound critics' poll of the greatest films ever made.
Author and Film Critic, Stephen Amos claimed, "There is an underlining darkness in the film, one that reflects the difficulty of the time and the inevitability of disappointment – a theme which laces much of Ozu’s work."
Home media
In 2011, the BFI released a Region 2 DVD of the film as a bonus feature on its Dual Format Edition (Blu-ray + DVD) of Good Morning.
The film is also available as part of The Criterion Collection's Eclipse series DVD box set "Silent Ozu: Three Family Comedies".
In 2017, The Criterion Collection's DVD and Blu-ray reissues of Good Morning included a remastered edition of the film, complete with new musical score.
Remake
Ozu later loosely remade the film as Good Morning (1959).
References
External links
1932 films
1932 comedy-drama films
Japanese silent films
Japanese comedy-drama films
Japanese black-and-white films
Best Film Kinema Junpo Award winners
Shochiku films
Films directed by Yasujirō Ozu
Films with screenplays by Yasujirō Ozu
1930s Japanese-language films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Was%20Born%2C%20But...
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Northwest Fiber, LLC, doing business as Ziply Fiber, is an American telecommunications company based in Kirkland, Washington. Ziply is a subsidiary of WaveDivision Capital, a private investment company, which is also Kirkland-based. The company started operations on May 1, 2020 when it completed its acquisition of Frontier Communications Northwest operations and assets for $1.4 billion; Frontier sold its Northwest operations after filing for bankruptcy protection in April 2020. Ziply Fiber's footprint covers the Pacific Northwest region, specifically the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho and Montana. Its key offerings include fiber internet and phone for residential customers, Business Fiber Internet, and Ziply Voice services for small businesses; and a variety of internet, networking and voice solutions for enterprise customers. The company will also continue to support DSL and grandfathered TV customers. Ziply has stated that it plans on investing $500 million to improve its network and service throughout its footprint. This includes bringing fiber to nearly 85% of its network, which mainly encompasses rural communities. Currently approximately 30% have access to fiber as of June 2020.
Ziply Fiber serves more than 500,000 customers across the four states and has a workforce of approximately 1,000 employees. It has major offices in Everett, Washington; Beaverton, Oregon, and Hayden, Idaho.
History
General Telephone Company of the Northwest, Inc. was founded in 1964 and later became GTE Northwest, Incorporated. GTE Northwest originally served Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
In 1993, GTE acquired Continental Telephone (ConTel); as a result, ConTel operations in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho were merged into GTE Northwest. In 1994, GTE sold ConTel of Idaho to Citizens Communications (which later became Frontier Communications). In 1995, GTE sold operations in Montana to Citizens Communications, and absorbed ConTel of Oregon into GTE's existing Oregon operations.
In 2000, Bell Atlantic acquired GTE, forming Verizon. As a result, GTE Northwest was renamed Verizon Northwest, Inc. It continued to provide local telephone service to former GTE regions and some ConTel regions in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon.
Verizon Northwest, along with several other Verizon wireline operating companies, were acquired by Frontier Communications on July 1, 2010. The company's name was changed to '''Frontier Communications Northwest, Inc.
In May 2019, WaveDivision Capital announced that it would buy Frontier Communications Northwest operations for nearly $1.4 billion as part of a new service. WaveDivision Capital (“WDC”) was founded in 2003 by broadband entrepreneur Steven Weed. It is a private investment firm focused on the broadband industry, and its stated goal is “to bring better internet connections to more homes and businesses throughout North America”. Weed was the CEO of Wave Broadband until 2018, when the company was sold and he departed. Despite having similar names and key players WaveDivision Capital and Wave Broadband are not related. WaveDivision Capital formed Northwest Fiber to acquire the Frontier Communications Northwest operations, which was approved by federal and state regulators on February 19, 2020, with the new service receiving the name of "Ziply Fiber". Frontier Communications Northwest division ceased operations on April 30, 2020, and was replaced the following day by Ziply Fiber. As of 2020, the company has almost 1000 employees and serves over 500,000 customers.
References
Sources
Verizon Northwest, Inc.
External links
Home | WaveDivision Capital
Communications in Washington (state)
Companies based in Kirkland, Washington
Frontier Communications
American companies established in 2020
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziply%20Fiber
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Kreuzau is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located on the river Rur, approx. 5 km south of Düren.
Geography
Neighbouring communities
Kreuzau is surrounded by the following settlements, listed clockwise beginning in the north: the county town of Düren and the municipalities of Nörvenich, Vettweiß, Nideggen and Hürtgenwald, all in the county of Düren.
Municipal subdivisions
The municipality Kreuzau includes the following civil parishes (Ortsteil):
Bogheim
Boich
Drove
Kreuzau (incl. Schneidhausen) with 5,150 inhabitants on 31 October 2015
Leversbach
Obermaubach (incl. Schlagstein)
Stockheim
Thum
Üdingen
Untermaubach (incl. Bilstein)
Winden (incl. Bergheim and Langenbroich)
In addition there was the now extinct village of Hemgenberg.
Twin towns
Kreuzau is twinned with:
Obervellach, Austria
Plancoët, France
References
Düren (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreuzau
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Solitude is a state of personal isolation from others.
Solitude may also refer to:
Music
Solitude Aeturnus, formerly Solitude, an American metal band
Albums
Solitude (Billie Holiday album) or the title cover of the Duke Ellington song (see below), 1956
Solitude (King Midas Sound album), 2019
Solitude (The The album) or the title song, 1993
Solitude (EP), by Tori Kelly, 2020
Solitude, by Frank Duval, 1991
Solitude, by Gunmetal Grey
Solitude, by Kosheen, 2013
Solitude, by Morris Albert, 1981
Songs
"(In My) Solitude", composed by Duke Ellington, 1934
"Solitude" (Candlemass song), 1986
"Solitude", by Black Sabbath from Master of Reality, 1971
"Solitude", by Days of the New from Days of the New, 1997
"Solitude", by Jerry Cantrell from Degradation Trip Volumes 1 & 2, 2002
"Solitude", by Joe Satriani from Black Swans and Wormhole Wizards, 2010
"Solitude", by Gothminister from Anima Inferna, 2011
"Solitude", by Northlane from Discoveries, 2011
"Solitude", by M83 from Junk, 2016
Places
Solitude, Indiana, an unincorporated community in Posey County, Indiana
Solitude, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in Bullitt County, Kentucky
Solitude, United States Virgin Islands, a settlement on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands
Solitude, Virginia, an unincorporated community in Botetourt County, Virginia
Solitude (Blacksburg, Virginia), a historic home located on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute
Solitude Mountain Resort, a ski area in Utah
Other
Solitude (football ground), the oldest football stadium in Ireland
Solitude Racetrack (Solitudering), a former racetrack in Stuttgart, Germany (1903–1965)
"Solitude" (Supergirl), an episode of the CBS television series Supergirl
Solitude Trilogy, a 1992 documentary by pianist Glenn Gould
"Solitude", a poem by Ella Wheeler Wilcox
Solitude (Bazovský), a painting by Miloš Alexander Bazovský from 1957
La Mulâtresse Solitude, a Guadeloupean freedom fighter
Solitude, the capital city of Skyrim in The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim
See also
Solitary (disambiguation)
The Solitude Mansion, a colonial-era mansion in Fairmount Park, Philadelphia (named after Castle Solitude)
Castle Solitude (Schloss Solitude), a rococo palace in Stuttgart, Germany
Solitudes, a brand of music created by Dan Gibson
Zolitūde, a city district of Riga (Latvia)
Zolitūde Station, railway stop in Zolitūde district of Riga
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitude%20%28disambiguation%29
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Sonny King (April 1, 1922 – February 3, 2006) was an American lounge singer of Italian descent.
He was born as Luigi Antonio Schiavone on April 1, 1922, in Brooklyn, New York. He was the sidekick of Jimmy Durante for 28 years until Durante's death in 1980. They appeared together on The Ed Sullivan Show five times in the 1960s. King shared a New York apartment with Dean Martin when the two were struggling entertainers, and is credited with introducing Martin to a young comedian Jerry Lewis.
Although not an official Rat Pack member, he was close friends with many Rat Pack entertainers and appeared in movies such as Robin and the Seven Hoods and Sergeants 3. He recorded an album "For Losers Only" and shared the stage with jazz greats such as Louis Armstrong, Lena Horne, Joe Williams and many more. King moved to Las Vegas in the early 1950s and was a fixture on the strip and local clubs until his death on February 3, 2006, from cancer. He was 83 years old.
Being brought up in vaudeville and trained in operatic vocals and comedy, all these elements composed the foundation of what became the quintessential "Vegas lounge singer" persona.
Sonny had seven children: Thomas Stephens, Michael Stephens, Craig Unger, Shannon Ward, Antoinette Schiavone, Louis Schiavone II and Christopher Schiavone.
Discography
Filmography
References
1922 births
2006 deaths
American male film actors
Singers from Brooklyn
Musicians from the Las Vegas Valley
American people of Italian descent
Deaths from cancer in Nevada
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American male singers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny%20King%20%28singer%29
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Langerwehe is a municipality in the district of Düren in the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located approximately 10 km west of Düren. It is a twin town of Exmouth, United Kingdom.
Nearby is Holzheim Castle, now a farm and riding stables.
References
Düren (district)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerwehe
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