text
stringlengths
3
277k
source
stringlengths
31
193
An Abbreviator (plural "Abbreviators" in English and "Abbreviatores" in Latin) or Breviator was a writer of the Papal Chancery who adumbrated and prepared in correct form Papal bulls, briefs, and consistorial decrees before these were written out in extenso by the scriptores. They are first mentioned in the Papal bull...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbreviator
ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī (, 1162 Baghdad–1231 Baghdad), short for Muwaffaq al-Dīn Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Laṭīf ibn Yūsuf al-Baghdādī (), was a physician, philosopher, historian, Arabic grammarian and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of his time. Biography Many details of ʿAbd al-Laṭīf al-Baghdādī's life ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Latif%20al-Baghdadi
Abd al-Rahman I ibn Mu’awiya (in full: Abd al-Rahman ibn Mu'awiya ibn Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan; 7 March 731 – 30 September 788; Arabic: عبد الرحمن الأول) was the founder of the Umayyad dynasty that ruled the greater part of Iberia in Al-Andalus for nearly three centuries (including the succeeding Caliphate of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Rahman%20I
Abd ar-Rahman II () (792–852) was the fourth Umayyad Emir of Córdoba in al-Andalus from 822 until his death. A vigorous and effective frontier warrior, he was also well known as a patron of the arts. Abd ar-Rahman was born in Toledo, the son of Emir al-Hakam I. In his youth he took part in the so-called "massacre of t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20ar-Rahman%20II
ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn al-Ḥakam al-Rabdī ibn Hishām ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Dākhil (; 890–961), or simply ʿAbd al-Raḥmān III, was the Umayyad Emir of Córdoba from 912 to 929, at which point he founded the Caliphate of Córdoba, serving as its first caliph until his d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Rahman%20III
Abd ar-Rahman IV Mortada () was the Caliph of Córdoba in the Umayyad dynasty in Al-Andalus, succeeding Sulayman ibn al-Hakam, in 1018. That same year, he was murdered at Cadiz while fleeing from a battle in which he had been deserted by the very supporters which had brought him into power. His brief reign was similar t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Rahman%20IV
Abd ar-Rahman V () was an Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba. In the agony of the Umayyad dynasty in the Al-Andalus (Moorish Iberia), two princes of the house were proclaimed Caliph of Córdoba for a very short time, Abd-ar-Rahman IV Mortada (1017), and Abd-ar-Rahman V Mostadir (1023–1024). Both were the mere puppets of faction...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Rahman%20V
Abdulaziz (; ; 8 February 18304 June 1876) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876, when he was overthrown in a government coup. He was a son of Sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdulmejid I in 1861. Born at Eyüp Palace, Constantinople (present-day Istanbul), on 8 February 1830,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulaziz
Abdera was an ancient Carthaginian and Roman port on a hill above the modern Adra on the southeastern Mediterranean coast of Spain. It was located between Malaca (now Málaga) and Carthago Nova (now Cartagena) in the district inhabited by the Bastuli. Name Abdera shares its name with a city in Thrace and another in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdera%2C%20Spain
Abdera () is a municipality in the Xanthi regional unit of Thrace, Greece. In classical antiquity, it was a major Greek polis on the Thracian coast. The ancient polis is to be distinguished from the municipality, which was named in its honor. The polis lay 17 km east-northeast of the mouth of the Nestos River, almost ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdera%2C%20Thrace
Apollos () was a 1st-century Alexandrian Jewish Christian mentioned several times in the New Testament. A contemporary and colleague of Paul the Apostle, he played an important role in the early development of the churches of Ephesus and Corinth. Biblical account Acts of the Apostles Apollos is first mentioned as a C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollos
The Community acquis or acquis communautaire (; ), sometimes called the EU acquis and often shortened to acquis, is the accumulated legislation, legal acts and court decisions that constitute the body of European Union law that came into being since 1993. The term is French: acquis meaning "that which has been acquired...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acquis%20communautaire
An antacid is a substance which neutralizes stomach acidity and is used to relieve heartburn, indigestion or an upset stomach. Some antacids have been used in the treatment of constipation and diarrhea. Marketed antacids contain salts of aluminium, calcium, magnesium, or sodium. Some preparations contain a combination ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antacid
An anti-diarrhoeal drug (or anti-diarrheal drug in American English) is any medication which provides symptomatic relief for diarrhoea. Types Electrolyte solutions, while not true antidiarrhoeals, are used to replace lost fluids and salts in acute cases. Bulking agents like methylcellulose, guar gum or plant fibre (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidiarrhoeal
Áed mac Cináeda (Modern Scottish Gaelic: Aodh mac Choinnich; ; Anglicized: Hugh; died 878) was a son of Cináed mac Ailpín. He became king of the Picts in 877, when he succeeded his brother Constantín mac Cináeda. He was nicknamed Áed of the White Flowers, the wing-footed () or the white-foot (). Sources The Chronicle ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81ed%20mac%20Cin%C3%A1eda
Abdulhamid or Abdul Hamid I (, `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i evvel; ; 20 March 1725 – 7 April 1789) was the 27th sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1774 to 1789. Early life Abdul Hamid was born on 20 March 1725, in Constantinople. He was a younger son of Sultan Ahmed III (reigned 1703–1730) and his consort Şermi Kadın. Ahmed III abd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Hamid%20I
Abdur Rahman Khan, GCSI (Pashto/Dari: ) (between 1840 and 1844 – 1 October 1901) also known by his epithets, The Iron Amir, or The Dracula Amir, was Amir of Afghanistan from 1880 to his death in 1901. He is known for uniting the country after years of internal fighting and negotiation of the Durand Line Agreement with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdur%20Rahman%20Khan
The Abencerrages or Abencerrajes (from the Arabic for "Saddler's Son") were a family or faction that is said to have held a prominent position in the Kingdom of Granada in the 15th century. The name appears to have been derived from Yussuf ben-Serragh, the head of the tribe in the time of Muhammed VII, Sultan of Grana...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abencerrages
Aberavon (Welsh: Aberafan) is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom since 2015 by Stephen Kinnock of the Welsh Labour Party. It includes the town of Aberavon, although the largest town in the constituency is Port Talbot. The constituency is set to be abolished, as p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberavon%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29
Abercarn is a town and community in Caerphilly county borough, Wales. It is 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Newport on the A467 between Cwmcarn and Newbridge, within the historic boundaries of Monmouthshire. History An estate at Abercarn was owned by the ironmaster Richard Crawshay; in 1808, it passed to his son-in-law,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abercarn
Aberdare ( ; ) is a town in the Cynon Valley area of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, at the confluence of the Rivers Dare (Dâr) and Cynon. Aberdare has a population of 39,550 (mid-2017 estimate). Aberdare is south-west of Merthyr Tydfil, north-west of Cardiff and east-north-east of Swansea. During the 19th century it beca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdare
An aberration is something that deviates from the normal way. Aberration may also refer to: Biology and medicine Form (zoology) or aberration, a rare mutant butterfly or moth wing pattern Cardiac aberrancy, aberration in the shape of the EKG signal Chromosome aberration, abnormal number or structure of chromosomes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberration
In astronomy, aberration (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is a phenomenon where celestial objects exhibit an apparent motion about their true positions based on the velocity of the observer: It causes objects to appear to be displaced towards the observer's direc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberration%20%28astronomy%29
In optics, aberration is a property of optical systems, such as lenses, that causes light to be spread out over some region of space rather than focused to a point. Aberrations cause the image formed by a lens to be blurred or distorted, with the nature of the distortion depending on the type of aberration. Aberration ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20aberration
Amy Lee Grant (born November 25, 1960) is an American singer-songwriter and musician. She began in contemporary Christian music (CCM) before crossing over to pop music in the 1980s and 1990s. She has been referred to as "The Queen of Christian Pop". she had sold more than 30 million albums worldwide, won six Grammy A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy%20Grant
Arthur William à Beckett (25 October 1844 – 14 January 1909) was an English journalist and intellectual. Biography He was a younger son of Gilbert Abbott à Beckett and Mary Anne à Beckett, brother of Gilbert Arthur à Beckett and educated at Felsted School. Besides fulfilling other journalistic engagements, Beckett was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20William%20%C3%A0%20Beckett
Aberdeen (Lakota: Ablíla) is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, South Dakota, United States, located approximately northeast of Pierre. The city population was 28,495 at the 2020 census, making it the third most populous city in the state after Sioux Falls and Rapid City. Aberdeen is home of Northern State...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%2C%20South%20Dakota
Au, AU, au or a.u. may refer to: Science and technology Computing .au, the internet country code for Australia Au file format, Sun Microsystems' audio format Audio Units, a system level plug-in architecture from Apple Computer Adobe Audition, a sound editor program Windows Update or Automatic Updates, in Micros...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au
Aberdour (; Scots: , ) is a scenic and historic village on the south coast of Fife, Scotland. It is on the north shore of the Firth of Forth, looking south to the island of Inchcolm and its Abbey, and to Leith and Edinburgh beyond. According to the 2011 census, the village has a population of 1,633. The village's wind...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdour
Aberfoyle () is a village in the historic county and registration county of Perthshire and the council area of Stirling, Scotland. The settlement lies northwest of Glasgow. The parish of Aberfoyle takes its name from this village, and had a population of 1,065 at the 2011 census. Geography The town is situated on t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberfoyle%2C%20Stirling
Abergavenny (; , archaically Abergafenni meaning "mouth of the River Gavenny") is a market town and community in Monmouthshire, Wales. Abergavenny is promoted as a Gateway to Wales; it is approximately from the border with England and is located where the A40 trunk road and the A465 Heads of the Valleys road meet. O...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abergavenny
Abersychan is a town and community north of Pontypool in Torfaen, Wales, and lies within the boundaries of the historic county of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. Abersychan lies in the narrow northern section of the Afon Lwyd valley. The town includes two schools; Abersychan Comprehensive School and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abersychan
Abertillery (; ) is a town and a community of the Ebbw Fach valley in the historic county of Monmouthshire, Wales. Following local government reorganisation it became part of the Blaenau Gwent County Borough administrative area. The surrounding landscape borders the Brecon Beacons National Park and the Blaenavon World...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abertillery
Abeyance (from the Old French meaning "gaping") is a state of expectancy in respect of property, titles or office, when the right to them is not vested in any one person, but awaits the appearance or determination of the true owner. In law, the term abeyance can be applied only to such future estates as have not yet ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abeyance
Anders Celsius (; 27 November 170125 April 1744) was a Swedish astronomer, physicist and mathematician. He was professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744, but traveled from 1732 to 1735 visiting notable observatories in Germany, Italy and France. He founded the Uppsala Astronomical Observatory in 17...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders%20Celsius
Adam Carolla (born May 27, 1964) is an American radio personality, comedian, actor and podcaster. He hosts The Adam Carolla Show, a talk show distributed as a podcast which set the record as the "most downloaded podcast" as judged by Guinness World Records in 2011. Carolla co-hosted the syndicated radio call-in progra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Carolla
Autocorrelation, sometimes known as serial correlation in the discrete time case, is the correlation of a signal with a delayed copy of itself as a function of delay. Informally, it is the similarity between observations of a random variable as a function of the time lag between them. The analysis of autocorrelation is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocorrelation
Atlas Autocode (AA) is a programming language developed around 1963 at the University of Manchester. A variant of the language ALGOL, it was developed by Tony Brooker and Derrick Morris for the Atlas computer. The initial AA and AB compilers were written by Jeff Rohl and Tony Brooker using the Brooker-Morris Compiler-c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlas%20Autocode
Arthur J. Stone (1847–1938), a leading American silversmith, was born, trained and worked in Sheffield, England, and Edinburgh, Scotland, before travelling to the United States in 1884. He was one of the last silversmiths in America to train apprentices to carry out designs in hand-wrought silver. In 1901, Stone set up...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20J.%20Stone
The Au file format is a simple audio file format introduced by Sun Microsystems. The format was common on NeXT systems and on early Web pages. Originally it was headerless, being simply 8-bit μ-law-encoded data at an 8000 Hz sample rate. Hardware from other vendors often used sample rates as high as 8192 Hz, often inte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Au%20file%20format
Events Pre-1600 404 BC – Admiral Lysander and King Pausanias of Sparta blockade Athens and bring the Peloponnesian War to a successful conclusion. 775 – The Battle of Bagrevand puts an end to an Armenian rebellion against the Abbasid Caliphate. Muslim control over the South Caucasus is solidified and its Islamizati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2025
Events Pre-1600 1479 BC – Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th dynasty). 1183 BC – Traditional reckoning of the Fall of Troy marking the end of the legendary Trojan War, given by chief librarian of the Library of Ale...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%2024
Events Pre-1600 451 – Attila the Hun captures Metz in France, killing most of its inhabitants and burning the town. 529 – First Corpus Juris Civilis, a fundamental work in jurisprudence, is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Justinian I. 1141 – Empress Matilda becomes the first female ruler of England, adopting the t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%207
Andalusia (, ; ) is the southernmost autonomous community in Peninsular Spain. Andalusia is located in the south of the Iberian Peninsula, in southwestern Europe. It is the most populous and the second-largest autonomous community in the country. It is officially recognised as a historical nationality and a national r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusia
Abhorrers, the name given in 1679 to the persons who expressed their abhorrence at the action of those who had signed petitions urging King Charles II of England to assemble Parliament. Feeling against Catholics, and especially against James, Duke of York, was running strongly; the Exclusion Bill had been passed by th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhorrers
Abiathar ( ʾEḇyāṯār, "father (of) abundance"/"abundant father"), in the Hebrew Bible, is a son of Ahimelech or Ahijah, High Priest at Nob, the fourth in descent from Eli and the last of Eli's House to be a High Priest. Bible account Abiathar was the only one of the priests to escape from Saul's (reigned c. 1020–1000 B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiathar
Abigail () was an Israelite woman in the Hebrew Bible married to Nabal; she married the future King David after Nabal's death (1 Samuel ). Abigail was David's third wife, after Ahinoam and Saul's daughter, Michal, whom Saul later married to Palti, son of Laish, when David went into hiding. Abigail became the mother of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail
Abila, also spelled Abyla, may refer to: Places Abila in the Decapolis, ancient city in the Levant Abila Lysaniou, capital of ancient Abilene, northwest of present-day Damascus, Syria Abila (Peraea), archaeological site in Jordan Abila, Latin name of Ávila, Spain Abyla, Roman colony in the province of Mauretania ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abila
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (; , ), abbreviated as AJK and colloquially referred to as simply Azad Kashmir, is a region administered by Pakistan as a nominally self-governing entity and constituting the western portion of the larger Kashmir region, which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad%20Kashmir
The Arabian Sea () is a region of sea in the northern Indian Ocean, bounded on the west by the Arabian Peninsula, Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel, on the northwest by Gulf of Oman and Iran, on the north by Pakistan, on the east by India, and on the southeast by the Laccadive Sea and the Maldives, on the southwest by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian%20Sea
Aspartame is an artificial non-saccharide sweetener 200 times sweeter than sucrose and is commonly used as a sugar substitute in foods and beverages. It is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid/phenylalanine dipeptide with brand names NutraSweet, Equal, and Canderel. Aspartame was approved by the US Food and Drug Adminis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame
AutoCAD is a 2D and 3D computer-aided design (CAD) software application for desktop, web, and mobile developed by Autodesk. It was first released in December 1982 for the CP/M and IBM PC platforms as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal graphics controllers. Initially a DOS application, subsequent ver...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD
AutoCAD DXF (Drawing Interchange Format, or Drawing Exchange Format) is a CAD data file format developed by Autodesk for enabling data interoperability between AutoCAD and other programs. DXF was introduced in December 1982 as part of AutoCAD 1.0, and was intended to provide an exact representation of the data in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AutoCAD%20DXF
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes. The offspring that arise by asexual reproduction from either unicellular or multicellular organisms inherit the full set of genes of their single parent and thus the newly created individua...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexual%20reproduction
Aelbert Jacobszoon Cuyp or Cuijp (; 20 October 1620 – 15 November 1691) was one of the leading Dutch Golden Age painters, producing mainly landscapes. The most famous of a family of painters, the pupil of his father, Jacob Gerritszoon Cuyp (1594–1651/52), he is especially known for his large views of Dutch riverside sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelbert%20Cuyp
In organic chemistry, an alkene is a hydrocarbon containing a carbon–carbon double bond. The double bond may be internal or in the terminal position. Terminal alkenes are also known as α-olefins. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) recommends using the name "alkene" only for acyclic hydrocarb...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene
In organic chemistry, allenes are organic compounds in which one carbon atom has double bonds with each of its two adjacent carbon atoms (, where R is H or some organyl group). Allenes are classified as cumulated dienes. The parent compound of this class is propadiene (), which is itself also called allene. An group of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allenes
Acetylene Propyne 1-Butyne In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula . Alkynes are traditionally kno...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkyne
AbiWord () is a free and open-source software word processor. It is written in C++ and since version 3 it is based on GTK+ 3. The name "AbiWord" is derived from the root of the Spanish word "abierto", meaning "open". AbiWord was originally started by SourceGear Corporation as the first part of a proposed AbiSuite but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AbiWord
The Ames test is a widely employed method that uses bacteria to test whether a given chemical can cause mutations in the DNA of the test organism. More formally, it is a biological assay to assess the mutagenic potential of chemical compounds. A positive test indicates that the chemical is mutagenic and therefore may a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ames%20test
Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) are a class of medication used primarily for the treatment of high blood pressure and heart failure. This class of medicine works by causing relaxation of blood vessels as well as a decrease in blood volume, which leads to lower blood pressure and decreased oxyg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACE%20inhibitor
An antianginal is a drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Examples Drugs used are nitrates, beta blockers, or calcium channel blockers. Nitrates Nitrates cause vasodilation of the venous capacitance vessels by stimulating the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antianginal
The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification System is a drug classification system that classifies the active ingredients of drugs according to the organ or system on which they act and their therapeutic, pharmacological and chemical properties. Its purpose is an aid to monitor drug use and for research to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical%20Therapeutic%20Chemical%20Classification%20System
Parallel ATA (PATA), originally , also known as IDE, is a standard interface designed for IBM PC-compatible computers. It was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible hard drives and CD or DVD drives. The connection is used for storage devices such as hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel%20ATA
The Atari 2600 is a home video game console developed and produced by Atari, Inc. Released in September 1977, it popularized microprocessor-based hardware and games stored on swappable ROM cartridges, a format first used with the Fairchild Channel F in 1976. Branded as the Atari Video Computer System (Atari VCS) from i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%202600
The Atari 5200 SuperSystem or simply Atari 5200 is a home video game console introduced in 1982 by Atari, Inc. as a higher-end complement for the popular Atari Video Computer System. The VCS was renamed to the Atari 2600 at the time of the 5200's launch. Created to compete with Mattel's Intellivision, the 5200 wound up...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%205200
The Atari 7800 ProSystem, or simply the Atari 7800, is a home video game console officially released by Atari Corporation in 1986 as the successor to both the Atari 2600 and Atari 5200. It can run almost all Atari 2600 cartridges, making it one of the first consoles with backward compatibility. It shipped with a differ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%207800
The Atari Jaguar is a home video game console developed by Atari Corporation and released in North America in November 1993. Part of the fifth generation of video game consoles, it competed with the 16-bit Sega Genesis, the Super NES and the 32-bit 3DO Interactive Multiplayer that launched the same year. Powered by tw...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20Jaguar
The Atari Lynx is a hybrid 8/16-bit fourth-generation hand-held game console released by Atari Corporation in September 1989 in North America and 1990 in Europe and Japan. It was the first handheld game console with a color liquid-crystal display. Powered by a 16 MHz 65C02 8-bit CPU and a custom 16-bit blitter, the Lyn...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari%20Lynx
(, IAST: , ) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings. It is a key virtue in Indian religions like Jainism, Buddhism, Hinduism, and Sikhism. is one of the cardinal virtues of Jainism, where it is the first of the Pancha Mahavrata. It is also one of the central ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsa
The Annals of Mathematics is a mathematical journal published every two months by Princeton University and the Institute for Advanced Study. History The journal was established as The Analyst in 1874 and with Joel E. Hendricks as the founding editor-in-chief. It was "intended to afford a medium for the presentation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annals%20of%20Mathematics
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov (; 21 May 192114 December 1989) was a Soviet physicist and a Nobel Peace Prize laureate, which he was awarded in 1975 for emphasizing human rights around the world. Although he spent his career in physics in the Soviet program of nuclear weapons, overseeing the development of thermonuclea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei%20Sakharov
Astrobiology is a scientific field within the life and environmental sciences that studies the origins, early evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe by investigating its deterministic conditions and contingent events. As a discipline, astrobiology is founded on the premise that life may exist beyon...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobiology
An air show (or airshow, air fair, air tattoo) is a public event where aircraft are exhibited. They often include aerobatics demonstrations, without they are called "static air shows" with aircraft parked on the ground. The largest air show measured by number of exhibitors and size of exhibit space is Le Bourget, foll...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20show
The anthropic principle, also known as the "observation selection effect", is the hypothesis, first proposed in 1957 by Robert Dicke, that the range of possible observations that could be made about the universe is limited by the fact that observations could happen only in a universe capable of developing intelligent l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic%20principle
The Australian Army is the principal land warfare force of Australia, a part of the Australian Defence Force (ADF) along with the Royal Australian Navy and the Royal Australian Air Force. The Army is commanded by the Chief of Army (CA), who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Force (CDF) who commands the ADF. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Army
The American Registry for Internet Numbers (ARIN) is the regional Internet registry for the United States, Canada, and many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands. ARIN manages the distribution of Internet number resources, including IPv4 and IPv6 address space and AS numbers. ARIN opened for business on December 22, 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Registry%20for%20Internet%20Numbers
Isaac Asimov (1920–1992) was a writer. Asimov may also refer to: People Stanley Asimov, Isaac Asimov's brother. Eric Asimov, Isaac Asimov's nephew. Places Asimov (crater), an impact crater on Mars, named after Isaac Asimov 5020 Asimov, an asteroid named after Isaac Asimov Other Asimov (surname) Asimov's Science ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asimov%20%28disambiguation%29
is a neighborhood in the Chiyoda ward of Tokyo, Japan, generally considered to be the area surrounding Akihabara Station. Administratively, the area named Akihabara is actually found in the and Kanda-Sakumachō districts in Chiyoda. There also exists an administrative district called Akihabara in the Taitō ward further...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akihabara
Active Directory (AD) is a directory service developed by Microsoft for Windows domain networks. Windows Server operating systems include it as a set of processes and services. Originally, only centralized domain management used Active Directory. However, it ultimately became an umbrella title for various directory-bas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20Directory
Arianism is a nontrinitarian Christological doctrine. Arian may also refer to: Pertaining to Arius A follower of Arius, a Christian presbyter in the 3rd and 4th century Arian controversy, several controversies which divided the early Christian church Arian fragment, Arian palimpsest People Groups of people Arians...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arian%20%28disambiguation%29
Aldona (baptized Ona or Anna; her pagan name, Aldona, is known only from the writings of Maciej Stryjkowski; – 26 May 1339) was Queen consort of Poland (1333–1339), and a princess of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. She was the daughter of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania. Biography Aldona married Casimir III of Pola...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldona%20of%20Lithuania
Aron Nimzowitsch (, , Aron Isayevich Nimtsovich; 7 November 1886 – 16 March 1935) was a Latvian born-Danish chess player and writer. In the late 1920s, Nimzowitsch was one of the best chess players in the world. He was the foremost figure amongst the hypermoderns and wrote a very influential book on chess theory: My S...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aron%20Nimzowitsch
Aragonese ( ; in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain, primarily in the comarcas of Somontano de Barbastro, Jacetania, Alto Gállego, Sobrarbe, and Ribagorza/Ribagorça. It is the only modern language which survived from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aragonese%20language
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was an analog mobile phone system standard originally developed by Bell Labs and later modified in a cooperative effort between Bell Labs and Motorola. It was officially introduced in the Americas on October 13, 1983, and was deployed in many other countries too, including Israel in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Mobile%20Phone%20System
Aerodynamics ( aero (air) + (dynamics)) is the study of the motion of air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an important domain of study in aeronautics. The term aerodynamics is oft...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamics
Andreas Schlüter (1659 – c. June 1714) was a German baroque sculptor and architect, active in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and the Russian Tsardom. Biography Andreas Schlüter was born probably in Hamburg. His early life is obscure as at least three different persons o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas%20Schl%C3%BCter
Ash or ashes are the solid remnants of fires. Specifically, ash refers to all non-aqueous, non-gaseous residues that remain after something burns. In analytical chemistry, to analyse the mineral and metal content of chemical samples, ash is the non-gaseous, non-liquid residue after complete combustion. Ashes as the e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash
In calculus, an antiderivative, inverse derivative, primitive function, primitive integral or indefinite integral of a function is a differentiable function whose derivative is equal to the original function . This can be stated symbolically as . The process of solving for antiderivatives is called antidifferentiatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiderivative
"The ABC Song" is the best-known song used to recite the English alphabet in alphabetical order. It is commonly used to teach the alphabet to children in English-speaking countries. "The ABC Song" was first copyrighted in 1835 by Boston music publisher Charles Bradlee. The melody is from a 1761 French music book and is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20ABC%20Song
The Antigonid dynasty (; ) was a Hellenistic dynasty of Dorian Greek provenance, descended from Alexander the Great's general Antigonus I Monophthalmus ("the One-Eyed") that ruled mainly in Macedonia. History In 309 BC, Cassander commanded Glaucias to secretly assassinate the 14-year-old Alexander IV of Macedon and h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigonid%20dynasty
Abingdon may refer to: Places United Kingdom Abingdon-on-Thames, Oxfordshire Abingdon (UK Parliament constituency) 1558–1983 Abingdon railway station (closed) United States Abingdon, Iowa Abingdon, Illinois Abingdon, Maryland Abingdon, Virginia Abingdon (plantation), Virginia Other countries Abingdon Downs, Quee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abingdon
Abjuration is the solemn repudiation, abandonment, or renunciation by or upon oath, often the renunciation of citizenship or some other right or privilege. The term comes from the Latin abjurare, "to forswear". Abjuration of the realm Abjuration of the realm was a type of abjuration in ancient English law. The person...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abjuration
Abitibi may refer to: Election districts in Canada Abitibi—Témiscamingue Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou Abitibi (provincial electoral district) Places in Canada Abitibi Canyon, Ontario, community on the Abitibi River Abitibi Canyon Generating Station, hydroelectric power plant Abitibi County, Quebec, hist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abitibi
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman: with Strictures on Political and Moral Subjects (1792), written by British philosopher and women's rights advocate Mary Wollstonecraft (1759–1797), is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. In it, Wollstonecraft responds to those educational and political theorists of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Vindication%20of%20the%20Rights%20of%20Woman
The Afghan Hound is a hound distinguished by its thick, fine, silky coat, and a tail with a ring curl at the end. The breed is selectively bred for its unique features in the cold mountains of Afghanistan. Its local name is () or (). Other names for this breed are Tāzī, Balkh Hound, Baluchi Hound, and Barakzai Hound....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghan%20Hound
The Azawakh is a breed of dog from West Africa. With ancient origins, it is raised throughout the Sahelian zone of Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso. This region includes the Azawagh Valley for which the breed is named. While commonly associated with the nomadic Tuareg people, they are also bred and owned by other ethn...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azawakh
Acrylic paint is a fast-drying paint made of pigment suspended in acrylic polymer emulsion and plasticizers, silicone oils, defoamers, stabilizers, or metal soaps. Most acrylic paints are water-based, but become water-resistant when dry. Depending on how much the paint is diluted with water, or modified with acrylic ge...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylic%20paint
In physics, angular momentum (sometimes called moment of momentum or rotational momentum) is the rotational analog of linear momentum. It is an important physical quantity because it is a conserved quantity – the total angular momentum of a closed system remains constant. Angular momentum has both a direction and a ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20momentum
The plum pudding model is one of several historical scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 soon after the discovery of the electron, but before the discovery of the atomic nucleus, the model tried to account for two properties of atoms then known: that electrons are negatively charged su...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plum%20pudding%20model