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KODA (99.1 FM, "Sunny 99.1") is an American commercial adult contemporary-formatted radio station in Houston, Texas. The station is owned by iHeartMedia. Its studios and offices are located along the West Loop Freeway in Uptown Houston.
KODA has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 100,000 watts. The Senior Road Tower transmitter is off Farm to Market Road 2234 near Fort Bend Parkway in Southwest Houston. KODA broadcasts in the HD Radio hybrid format, with its sister station KTRH simulcasting on KODA's HD2 subchannel.
History
On Christmas Eve, 1946, the station signed on as KPRC-FM. It was owned by the Houston Post daily newspaper, which also owned KPRC and would put KPRC-TV on the air in 1949. (When KPRC-AM signed on in May, 1925, the call letters stood for Kotton Port Rail Center, a slogan promoting Houston commerce.) In its early years, KPRC-FM mostly simulcast its AM sister station.
KPRC-FM began broadcasting on 99.7 MHz until 1947 when it moved to 102.9 MHz. In 1958, the FM station was sold and changed its call sign to KHGM-FM. It moved to its current frequency in 1959.
In 1961, it changed call letters again, this time to KODA-FM, and aired a beautiful music format. (KODA refers to the musical term coda, indicating an extended passage which brings a piece to an end.) Several months later, KODA (1010 AM) went on the air as an AM daytimer, with the two stations simulcasting. KODA-FM continued the station's programming independently from sunset to sunrise. KODA-AM-FM and their easy listening format proved to be quite popular, and enjoyed high ratings through the 1960s and 70s.
KODA-AM-FM were sold to Group W Westinghouse Broadcasting in 1978, and were shortly broken up when the AM station was quickly re-sold. The easy listening format continued on KODA-FM, which was renamed KODA when the AM station took new call letters. The station was the flagship radio station for the Houston Oilers (now the Tennessee Titans) of the National Football League during the 1986 season.
The station was sold to SFX Broadcasting in 1989. SFX was amalgamated into AM/FM Inc. and acquired by Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) in 1999. By the mid-1990s, KODA had begun adding more vocals to its playlist, and reducing the instrumentals, until it made the transition to soft adult contemporary.
The station, which had long been identified as K-O-D-A or "Coda", relabeled itself as "The All-New Sunny 99.1" in February 1991. The new moniker reflected the evolution from a Soft AC to Mainstream Adult Contemporary under the direction of General Manager Dusty Black and Program Director Dave Dillon. Since 2001, between mid-November and December 25, the station switches formats to all-Christmas music.
References
External links
DFW Radio Archives - First FMs
ODA
Radio stations established in 1946
1946 establishments in Texas
IHeartMedia radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KODA |
St. George's Church, Belfast is a Church of Ireland church located on High Street in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It is the oldest Church of Ireland church in Belfast. It was designed by Irish architect, John Bowden, and opened in 1816. Major refurbishment work was completed in June 2000.
History
The church stands on what had been a fording place where the River Lagan and River Farset met. The earliest mention of a place of worship existing on this site is in the papal taxation rolls of 1306. The Chapel of the Ford was a chapel of ease of the main parish church at Shankill, and was constructed here for those waiting to cross the mud flats which covered most of the area that has since become central Belfast. The chapel later became known as Corporation Chapel after the newly founded Belfast Corporation.
By the time of the Plantation of Ulster, the church had become the main parish church for the area. In 1613 James I of England granted a charter to Belfast as a key garrison town in the plantation, and St. George's became the 'corporation' church. William of Orange passed through Belfast on his way from Carrickfergus to the Battle of the Boyne, and had a famous sermon, Arise Great King, preached to him here.
By the late 18th century, however, the church had fallen into disrepair and the Earl of Chichester, the dominant local landowner, gave land for a new parish church for Belfast to be built on a more expansive site a few hundred metres away on Donegall Street. This church would later become St Anne's Cathedral. Henry Joy McCracken, a leading member of the Society of the United Irishmen and 1798 rebellion was buried in the churchyard after being hanged, before later being moved to Clifton Street Cemetery.
However, by the 1800s, the growth of industrial Belfast necessitated a second Anglican church being built, and a new St. George's was built on the old site, opening in 1816. Throughout the 19th century, the church had a series of rectors known for their flamboyant style, and in the early 20th century, St. George's developed its distinct High Church ethos. The movement of people out of the City Centre in the 20th century saw the congregation drop, and during The Troubles, the church was seriously damaged on a number of occasions by Provisional Irish Republican Army bombs.
St. George's continues to be noted for its liturgical and musical tradition – it has one of the few men's and boys' church choirs in Ireland. Its ministry, both to the business community and to Belfast's homeless population, are an important part of parish life. St. George's has a diverse congregation, drawing members from different religious, cultural and social backgrounds. As of 2016, the rector of St George's (since 1994) is the Reverend Brian Stewart and Director of Music is David Falconer.
Architecture
The church was designed by John Bowden of Dublin in 1811. The foundation stone was laid in June 1813 by the Earl of Massereene and the church opened in June 1816. It has a simple nave and chancel plan and is built of sandstone. Inside there is a gallery on three sides. The church originally had a plain ceiling, but in 1865 the ceiling was removed and the trusses exposed and decorated by architect W. J. Barre, who also added a new pulpit in 1867. A chancel, designed by Edward Bradell, was added in 1882.
The west end, facing High Street, has a large Corinthian pillared portico, giving the impression that it is a two storied building. The portico was originally made to order in Egypt for Frederick Hervey, 4th Earl of Bristol and Bishop of Derry, to adorn the main entrance of Ballyscullion House in County Londonderry, built in 1788. After the Earl died in 1803, the house was gradually dismantled and the portico was bought and transported to Belfast. To reach its new home, the portico was initially hauled by horse and cart to Lough Neagh. From there it went by barge, reputedly the first barge cargo brought to Belfast from Lough Neagh by the new Lagan Canal Navigation (now disused). The coats of arms on the pediment are of the Diocese of Down and the city of Belfast.
Traditions
St. George's was the first Anglican church in Ireland to introduce Harvest Thanksgiving, musical recitals in church, early morning celebrations of the Holy Communion, a robed choir, drama in church, the Christmas Midnight Eucharist, the Three Hours Devotions on Good Friday, and to adopt the 1984 Alternative Prayer Book of the Church of Ireland.
Notable people
The first church organist was Edward Bunting, between 1817 and 1821, best known for his work in collecting Irish music at the Belfast Harp Festival.
References
Further reading
Churches in Belfast
Anglo-Catholic church buildings in Northern Ireland
Grade A listed buildings
19th-century Church of Ireland church buildings
19th-century churches in Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20George%27s%20Church%2C%20Belfast |
Garam may refer to:
Name
Garam (Yi Hyeon-il) (born 1624), a scholar-official of the Joseon period of Korea
Sami Garam (born 1967), Finnish cook and writer, son of Károly
Jung Ga-ram (born 1993), South Korean male actor known for his role in Love Alarm
Yoon Bit-garam (born 1990), South Korean football player
Places
Garam, Republic of Buryatia, a rural locality (a settlement) in Yeravninsky District, Republic of Buryatia, Russia
Garam, Hungarian name of river Hron, part of river Danube
Other uses
Garam (film), a 2016 Telugu film
Garam masala, meaning "hot" + "spice mixture": a South Asian spice mixture
See also
Garum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garam |
WHFE-LP and WVGO-LP were low-power television stations in Sullivan, Indiana, broadcasting locally as affiliates of America One on channels 18 and 54 (respectively). The stations were owned by low-power magnate KM Communications, and served different neighborhoods within Sullivan — WHFE serving the northern and central sides of Sullivan, and WVGO serving unincorporated area to the northwest of Sullivan. Two additional LPTV translators, WIIB-LP channel 7 in Farmersburg and WKMF-LP channel 32 in Sullivan, relayed the signals of WHFE and WVGO.
The stations had plans to vastly-increase their coverage area — WHFE had separate application and construction permits that would increase its power to 25 kW and move the transmitter closer to Terre Haute, to cover that city; while WVGO was to increase to 150 kW, broadcasting from near the banks of the Wabash River, using a directional antenna that would transmit a "bow-tie" lobe towards Sullivan and Marshall, Illinois.
Although WIIB-LP and WKMF-LP simulcast the same programming as WHFE-LP and WVGO-LP, hourly station IDs displayed only the call letters and channel assignments of WHFE and WVGO.
Through early 2007, all four stations broadcast programming 24/7 from America One. That year, programming was changed to White Springs Television, which carried commercial-free movies and short subjects, most of which are in the public domain. The stations returned to America One after WSTV folded in late 2009.
All four stations left the air April 30, 2012 due to financial problems. However, WVGO-LP was supposed to have ceased operations on December 31, 2011, as channel 54 was removed from the television bandplan; its license was canceled by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on February 20, 2013. The other three stations were deleted by the FCC on June 19, 2013, for failure to broadcast for a year.
References
Sullivan County, Indiana
Television stations in Indiana
Television channels and stations established in 1989
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012
Defunct television stations in the United States
1989 establishments in Indiana
2012 disestablishments in Indiana
HFE-LP | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHFE-LP |
James McDonald, (1 July 1828 – 3 October 1912) was a Canadian lawyer, politician, and judge.
He was born in Bridgeville, Nova Scotia, the son of Alexander McDonald and Janet Fraser. McDonald moved to London, Upper Canada in 1834 with his family but the family later returned to New Glasgow, Nova Scotia. McDonald studied law with Martin Isaac Wilkins and was called to the bar in 1851. In 1855, he married Jane Mortimer.
He was elected to the Nova Scotia House of Assembly for Pictou County in 1859. McDonald was reelected in 1863 and was named chief railway commissioner. In 1864, he was named financial secretary and served in that post until 1867 when he was an unsuccessful candidate for a federal seat. In 1871, McDonald was again elected to the Nova Scotia assembly for Pictou County. McDonald was appointed by John A. Macdonald to the parliamentary committee to investigate allegations related to the Pacific Scandal in 1873.
He resigned his seat after he was elected to the House of Commons in 1872. From 1878 to 1881, he was the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada.
He was Chief Justice of Nova Scotia from 1881 to 1904/5.
References
External links
Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
Canadian people of Scottish descent
Progressive Conservative Association of Nova Scotia MLAs
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Nova Scotia
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
People from Pictou County
Nova Scotia pre-Confederation MLAs
1828 births
1912 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20McDonald%20%28Canadian%20politician%29 |
Michael Woodcock (born 10 April 1943) is a former British Conservative Party politician. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ellesmere Port and Neston from 1983 to 1992. He was first elected at the 1983 general election, and was re-elected at the 1987 general election. Woodcock stood down at the 1992 general election, following which his seat was won by Labour's Andrew Miller.
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons 1987
External links
1943 births
Living people
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Woodcock |
Karmabai (20 January 1615 – 1634) was a Jat known as- Bhakt Shiromani Karmabai. She was born on 20 January 1615 in the family of Jiwanji Dudi in the village Kalwa situated in Nagaur district. She was a devotee of Krishna.
The story goes like this. Karmabai's father was a devotee of Krishna. Once he had to do some work away from home, so he instructed Karmabai to have food only after offering the food (bhog) to the lord. Karma was very young and she took this instruction literally. Next morning she woke up early and made khichdi for offering it to the Lord. But when she saw that lord was not eating, the innocent Karmabai did not eat anything at all and waited for lord to come and eat first.
Lord Krishna was very impressed by her determination and showed mercy on her. He himself appeared before her and ate her khichdi.
He followed the same routine till her father's return. When her father returned, she told him everything. Her father was shocked and refused to believe her. Karma pleaded before Lord to appear once again to prove her innocence. The merciful Lord Krishna thus appeared before Karma once again to prove his devotee's innocence.
It is common belief that she had offered 'khichadi' to Krishna in his presence. As this news spread and reached the saints of Puri, they asked Karmabai to come there and give Bhog of khichadi to the Lord. Krishna appeared there as well. After that, Karmabai started living in Puri.
A folk song tells the story like this -
Thali bhar'r lyayi khichado upar ghee ki batki !
Jeemo mhara syam dhani jeemavai beti Jat ki !!
Karmabai took a living samādhi on 25 July 1634 in Puri.
Now during Puri Jagannath Rath Yatra, the chariot of Lord Jagannath stops near her samadhi for short period. It is believed that, without her sight the chariot couldn't move a single inch and it is God's own choice for Karmabai.
1615 births
1634 deaths
History of Rajasthan
People from Rajasthan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmabai |
HMCS Saguenay was a River-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from 1931 to 1945.
She was similar to the Royal Navy's and initially wore the pennant D79, changed in 1940 to I79.
History
She was built by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Hampshire and commissioned into the RCN on 21 May 1931 at Portsmouth, England. Saguenay and her sister were the first ships specifically built for the RCN. Her first two commanding officers went on to become two of the most important Admirals of the Battle of the Atlantic. She arrived in Halifax, on 3 July 1931.
Second World War
For the first month of Second World War, Saguenay was assigned to convoy duties in the Halifax area. In late September 1939, she was assigned to the American and West Indies Squadron based at Kingston, Jamaica.
On 23 October 1939, the German-flagged tanker Emmy Friederich scuttled herself on encountering Saguenay in the Yucatán Channel, and thus became the Canadian destroyer's first war conquest. In December 1939, Saguenay returned to Halifax to join the local convoy escort force, with which she remained until 16 October 1940, when she was transferred to Greenock, Scotland to serve as a convoy escort on the North Atlantic run. On 1 December 1940, Saguenay was torpedoed west of Ireland by the while escorting Convoy HG-47, and managed to return to Barrow-in-Furness, escorted by , largely under her own power, but with 21 dead and without most of her bow; she was under repair in Greenock until 22 May 1941.
After repairs at Greenock, she returned to sea on 22 May 1941. Saguenay was assigned to Escort Group C-3 escorting convoys ON-93, HX-191, ONS-104, SC-90, ON-115, HX-202, ON-121, SC-98, ON-131, HX-210 and ON-141 prior to a collision while escorting SC-109. On 15 November 1942, Saguenay was rammed by the Panamanian freighter Azra off Cape Race, Newfoundland. The impact of the collision set off Saguenays depth charges, which blew off her stern.
She made port at Saint John, New Brunswick, where her stern was plated over. On 23 May 1943, Saguenay was transferred to Halifax, to serve with the Western Ocean Escort Force working from Halifax and St. John's, Newfoundland. In October 1943 Saguenay was towed to Digby, Nova Scotia, as a tender assigned to , the Royal Canadian Navy's training depot for new entries (recruits). She was used for teaching seamanship and gunnery until 30 July 1945, paid off in late 1945, and broken up in 1946.
Commanding officers
Cdr. P.W. Nelles, RCN (22 May 1931—6 June 1932)
Cdr. L.W. Murray, RCN (7 June 1932—22 May 1934)
Cdr. R.I. Agnew, RCN (22 May 1934—5 May 1936)
Cdr. W.J.R. Beech, RCN (6 May 1936—29 June 1938)
LCdr. F.L. Houghton, RCN (30 June 1938—7 July 1939)
LCdr. G.L. Miles, RCN (8 July 1939—21 April 1941)
Lt. P.E. Haddon, RCN (22 April 1941—7 April 1942)
A/(Acting) Cdr. D.C. Wallace, RCNR (8 April 1942—14 January 1943)
Lt. J.W. McDowall, RCN (15 January 1943—11 March 1943)
Lt. J.H. Ewart, RCNVR (24 August 1943—17 May 1944)
Lt. W.C. Hawkins, RCNVR (18 May 1944—6 October 1944)
A/Lt. W.E. Hughson, RCNVR (7 October 1944—15 April 1945)
Lt. K.P. Blanche, RCNVR (16 April 1945—30 July 1945)
Convoys escorted
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted
Notes
References
Macpherson, Keneth R. and Burgess, John. (1982)(Second Printing) The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–1981. Collins Publishers.
External links
Convoy Web: The Website for Merchant Ships during WW2
warsailors.com
Canadian River-class destroyers
Canadian River-class destroyers converted from A-class destroyers (1929)
Ships built in Southampton
1930 ships
World War II destroyers of Canada
Maritime incidents in December 1940
Maritime incidents in November 1942
Ships built by John I. Thornycroft & Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS%20Saguenay%20%28D79%29 |
"The Sean-Bhean bhocht" (; Irish for "Poor old woman"), often spelled phonetically as "Shan Van Vocht", is a traditional Irish song from the period of the Irish Rebellion of 1798, and dating in particular to the lead up to a French expedition to Bantry Bay, that ultimately failed to get ashore in 1796.
The Sean-Bhean bhocht is used to personify Ireland, a poetic motif which heralds back to the aisling of native Irish language poetry.
Many different versions of the song have been composed by balladeers over the years, with the lyrics adapted to reflect the political climate at the time of composition. The title of the song, tune and narration of the misfortunes of the Shean Bhean bhocht remain a constant however, and this version, probably the best known, expresses confidence in the victory of the United Irishmen in the looming rebellion upon the arrival of French aid.
W. B. Yeats and Augusta, Lady Gregory based their 1902 nationalist play, Cathleen Ní Houlihan, on the legend dramatized in this song. A more recent version of the character is the speaker in Tommy Makem's "Four Green Fields," a song composed in the modern context of Northern Ireland's partition from the Republic of Ireland. The character also appears as the old lady selling milk in the opening passage of Ulysses by James Joyce.
See also
The Shan Van Vocht as the title of a late nineteenth century Irish nationalist novel and magazine.
Mise Éire
Róisín Dubh (song)
Hibernia (personification)
Kathleen Ni Houlihan
Four Green Fields
References
Irish folk songs
Traditional ballads
Ballads of the Irish Rebellion of 1798
Personifications of Ireland
Year of song unknown
National personifications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sean-Bhean%20bhocht |
Immortal Guards may refer to:
The Persian Immortals, existing in Persia under the Achaemenean dynasty
Immortals (Byzantine Empire), established under the Byzantine emperor Michael VII
The Immortals, the Iranian Imperial Guard, existing in Persia and Iran in the 20th century under the Pahlavi dynasty
The Immortals, Nihang warriors or Sikh Akalis who have played the pivotal role in Sikh military history
See also
Imperial Guard (Napoleon I), elite French soldiers under Napoleon I nicknamed "the Immortals" | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortal%20Guards |
The Boltzmann Medal (or Boltzmann Award) is a prize awarded to physicists that obtain new results concerning statistical mechanics; it is named after the celebrated physicist Ludwig Boltzmann. The Boltzmann Medal is awarded once every three years by the Commission on Statistical Physics of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, during the STATPHYS conference.
The award consists of a gilded medal; its front carries the inscription Ludwig Boltzmann, 1844–1906.
Recipients
All the winners are influential physicists or mathematicians whose contribution to statistical physics have been relevant in the past decades. Institution with multiple recipients are Sapienza University of Rome (3) and École Normale Supérieure, Cornell University, University of Cambridge and Princeton University (2).
The Medal cannot be awarded to scientist who already has been laureate of a Nobel Prize. Two recipients of the Boltzmann Medal have gone to win the Nobel Prize in Physics: Kenneth G. Wilson (1982) and Giorgio Parisi (2021).
See also
List of physics awards
References
External links
IUPAP Commission on Statistical Physics (C3) the official website of C3, the Boltzmann Award recipients list during 1975–2010 (archived 10 August 2011)
Physics awards
Statistical mechanics
Triennial events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boltzmann%20Medal |
HMCS Skeena was a River-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) from 1931 to 1944. She was similar to the Royal Navy's A class and wore initially the pennant D59, changed in 1940 to I59.
She was built by John I. Thornycroft & Company at Woolston, Hampshire and commissioned into the RCN on 10 June 1931 at Portsmouth, England. Skeena and her sister were the first ships specifically built for the Royal Canadian Navy. She arrived in Halifax, Nova Scotia on 3 July 1931.
Second World War
Skeena rescued 65 survivors of the British merchant ship Manipur, sunk by off Cape Wrath on 17 July 1940. On 2 September 1940 she rescued 19 survivors of the British merchant ship Thornlea, sunk by in the North Atlantic. On 23 November 1940 she rescued 6 survivors of the Norwegian merchant ship Bruce, damaged by and 9 survivors of the Norwegian merchant ship Salonica, sunk by U-100 nearby.
Skeena was assigned to North Atlantic convoy Escort Group C-3 escorting convoys ON 93, HX 191, ONS 104, SC 90, ON 115, HX 202, ON 121, SC 98, ON 131, HX 210, ON 141, SC 109, ONS 152 prior to refit in January 1943. On 31 July 1942, Skeena recorded her first victory with when they depth charged and sank while escorting ON 115 at .
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted
Grounding
Skeena was lost in a storm on the night of 24 October 1944. She was anchored off Reykjavík, Iceland and dragged her anchor and grounded in waves off Viðey Island with the loss of 15 crewmembers.
Her hulk was paid off and sold to Iceland interests in June 1945; she was then raised and broken up. Her propeller was salvaged and used in a memorial near the Viðey Island ferry terminal.
Notes
References
External links
Canadian River-class destroyers
Canadian River-class destroyers converted from A-class destroyers (1929)
Ships built in Southampton
1930 ships
World War II destroyers of Canada
Maritime incidents in October 1944
World War II shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean
Ships built by John I. Thornycroft & Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMCS%20Skeena%20%28D59%29 |
KHPT (106.9 FM, "Houston's Eagle @ 106.9 & 107.5") is a classic rock-formatted radio station licensed to Conroe, Texas, which simulcasts KGLK (107.5 FM). It is owned by Urban One, and is part of a five station Houston cluster that also includes KGLK, KBXX, KKBQ and KMJQ. It is headquartered in Suite 2300 at 3 Post Oak Central in the Uptown district in Houston, Texas. KHPT's transmitter is located in Splendora, Texas, once shared with KSBJ.
Between KHPT and KGLK, "The Eagle" covers more square miles than any station in southeast Texas.
History
KNRO-FM
The station began broadcasting on February 14, 1965, with the call letters KNRO-FM. In 1968, the station began operating 24 hours a day, having previously signed off at midnight. In the early 1970s, the station aired a contemporary hits format. By 1975, the station had adopted a MOR format.
First religious era
In 1978, the station was sold Jimmy Swaggart Evangelistic Association for $803,750. The station's call sign was changed to KMCV, and the station adopted a religious format. In 1981, the station's call sign was changed to KJOJ, and contemporary Christian music was replaced with southern Gospel music. The station also aired brokered religious programming. The slogan for KJOJ was "Houston's Joy of Jesus." During the 1980s, hosts of the station's southern Gospel programming included Bert Salas, Mike Sheeran, and Lyle Countryman.
In 1989, the station was sold to Six Chiefs Company for $8 million. The station would go on to air a contemporary Christian format, as part of a simulcast with KGLF-FM in Freeport, Texas.
Early 1990s formats
On December 25, 1990, the call sign KJOJ moved from 106.9 to 103.3 in Freeport, and the station's call sign was changed to KJZS. The station adopted a new AC / smooth jazz format. In March 1992, the station's call sign was changed to KKHU, and it became "You 106.9", airing a hot talk/oldies hybrid format. In September 1992, the station's call sign was changed to KKZR and the station became "Z-Rock 106.9", airing ABC Radio Networks' satellite-fed Z-Rock network from Dallas.
The Word
In early 1995, the station was purchased by Salem Communications, a company that specializes in Christian radio stations, for $12 million. In March 1995, the station adopted a Christian talk and teaching format, airing programming such as Truth for Life with Alistair Begg, In Touch with Dr. Charles Stanley, Focus on the Family with James Dobson, and Janet Parshall's America. The station was branded "The Word". In 1998, Salem Communications built a new 1,928 foot tower for the station, in Splendora. It was the tallest religious broadcasting tower in the world at the time. In 2000, Salem sold the station to Cox Radio, and in return received WALR-FM (104.7) in Atlanta, Georgia, KLUP in San Antonio, Texas, and WSUN in Plant City, Florida. "The Word" signed off at Midnight on September 28, 2000, and moved to 1070 AM. (The Word now airs on KKHT-FM.)
The Point
106.9 then began stunting with a countdown and with monikers saying "MP3 Radio" and "Radio Free Houston". In addition, the station also filed for the KZJZ call letters, which led to rumors stating that the station may return to its former smooth jazz format. On October 4, 2000, KKHT's callsign was officially changed to KZJZ and "Jazzy 106.9" signed on with Kenny G's "Songbird". However, this was only a ruse, as seconds later, "106-9 The Point" signed on, with an all-'80s hits format, playing Simple Minds' "Don't You (Forget About Me)". The call letters changed to KHPT on October 17, 2000.
The Zone
At 6 a.m. on November 8, 2010, KHPT changed its format to classic alternative rock (with a 1980s and 1990s centric playlist) as "106-9 The Zone". The final song on "The Point" was Bon Jovi's "Wanted Dead or Alive", while first song on "The Zone" was Foo Fighters' "Learn to Fly". In January 2011, KHPT's format shifted to refocus on 1990s alternative rock, also adding some titles from the 2000s, with its slogan changed from "106.9 The Zone, Alternative Hits From the '80s & '90s" to "106.9 The Zone, Houston's Best Alternative Hits."
The Eagle simulcast
On June 20, 2011, KHPT began simulcasting sister station KGLK's classic rock format as "The Eagle". This was due to "The Zone" having low ratings, consistently ranging from a 0.3-1.5 share of the market. Not long afterwards, the previous 1980s-oriented adult hits format, along with "The Point" branding, was revived on the HD2 sub-channel, replacing "Pat FM", a jockless 1980s and 1990s-shifted alternative format not unlike the franchised Bob FM format.
In April 2023, it was announced that Urban One would acquire the Houston radio cluster of Cox Media Group.
References
External links
HPT
Urban One stations
Classic rock radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1965
1965 establishments in Texas
Conroe, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHPT |
KRXL is the regional Rock/Classic rock radio station in the Kirksville, Missouri area. KRXL's primary audience is in the Kirksville/Ottumwa area, however their signal can reach places as far as Keokuk, Iowa, Quincy, Illinois, and Chillicothe, Missouri.
History
KRXL was founded by Sam & Vera Burk in 1967, as an outgrowth of their successful AM station KIRX. At sign-on, September 17, 1967, KRXL had an effective radiated power of 52,000 watts. This was increased to the FCC maximum 100,000 watts in 1986. The KRXL music format was Easy Listening for many years, but by the late 1970s more Pop, Top 40, and Rock could be heard. A format known as Adult Contemporary welcomed the early 1980s airwaves, and remained that way until the end of the decade with a switch to Classic Rock. KRXL has a consistent history of award-winning broadcasting with multiple awards from the Associated Press and Missouri Broadcasters Association in categories such as news, DJ, and commercial production.
External links
RXL-FM
Classic rock radio stations in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRXL |
Peter Lewis Rost (born Otto Ludwig Peter Rosenstiel, Berlin, 19 September 1930 - 8 September 2022) was a retired British Conservative politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1970 to 1992, and was a member of the Energy Select Committee. He was one of the founders of the Anglo German Parliamentary Group, which promoted good relations with the German Parliament. He instigated the annual conferences with German Parliamentarians, the first conference being held at his Hertfordshire home.
Early life
Rost's parents, Friedrich Rosenstiel and Elisabeth Merz, were a mixed marriage German Jew and Lutheran living in Berlin during the Nazi era. Their marriage was annulled and they escaped to the United Kingdom in 1937 before the international border was closed to Jews. Fred Rosenstiel was the economics editor of the Frankfurter Zeitung in Berlin. He later left for New York City, but the family was unable to follow him.
Rost was educated at various schools finishing in the VIth form at Aylesbury Grammar School and at Birmingham University, where he read geography.
Career
Before entering Parliament, Rost was a stockbroker, lecturer and financial journalist. He unsuccessfully contested the safe Labour constituency of Sunderland North at the 1966 general election, and at the 1970 general election he was elected as MP for the previously Labour-held seat of South East Derbyshire. He held that seat until the constituency was abolished for the 1983 general election, when he was returned to the House of Commons for the new Erewash.
Rost's main interest in Parliament was in energy. He was the longest-serving Member of the Energy Select Committee, where he was ahead of his time in his promotion of renewable energy. He was an active member of the Combined Heat and Power Association (CHPA), of which he became Vice-President. He constantly bemoaned the loss of heat up the cooling towers of the UK power stations, and actively promoted district heating schemes. In the 1970s, he warned of the use of gas for power production, as it was wasting the precious North Sea assets. He retired from Parliament at the 1992 election.
Rost was a member of the Conservative Monday Club and the Bow Group; on the latter, he chaired the energy group. His autobiography, Weimar to Westminster, was published in November 2010.
Personal life and death
In 1961, Rost married Hilary Mayo. He had two sons and two daughters.
Rost listed his recreations as tennis, ski-ing, gardening and antique map collecting. He lived in Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, and also had a residence in Montauroux in the French Côte d'Azur. He died on 8 September 2022, aged 91.
In popular culture
Rost was portrayed by Julian Firth in the 2004 BBC production of The Alan Clark Diaries.
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1987
External links
Living people
1930 births
English stockbrokers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Derbyshire
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
People educated at Aylesbury Grammar School
Politicians from Berlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Rost%20%28politician%29 |
is a 1992 Japanese tokusatsu biopunk-horror V-Cinema film directed by Makoto Tsuji. It is a reimagining of the Kamen Rider Series and is also the first standalone film in the franchise. Toei has marketed the film to English speaking markets as "True Masked Rider: Prologue".
Plot
Doctors Kazamatsuri and Onizuka are geneticists, researching cures for diseases such as AIDS and cancer by performing experiments to strengthen the human body. The test subject, Shin Kazamatsuri, races motorcycles and is Doctor Kazamatsuri's son. Unknown to the doctors, their operation is funded by a syndicate group who plans to use the research to have the bodies of men strengthened to create cyborg soldiers for their own gain. However, they did not count on Onizuka's own secret ambitions: he wants to create a new species of soldiers by fusing the DNA of a grasshopper and test subjects to start a new civilization and be their God. He may have tested it on himself, but seems to be having greater success with Shin.
Meanwhile, a creature is stalking the city, killing people, as Shin dreams of that creature. While Shin believes he is the one causing the murders, he eventually finds Onizuka's plan and discovers that Onizuka is behind the killings. Onizuka has experimented on himself and altered his genes, making him a humanoid grasshopper. The telepathy of grasshoppers allowed him to communicate with Shin, making Shin a witness to the murders.
The syndicate learns of Onizuka's plans and they institutionalize him. A CIA agent tracks Shin and wants him eliminated, for she doesn't know the true threat Shin could pose. Repulsed, Shin investigates all he can about the experiment.
Characters
: Shin is a motorcycle racer who gave everything up to volunteer for his father's experiment, not knowing the true ambitions of his father's partner or the organization they worked for. He struggles to uncover the conspiracies, not completely knowing just how much his loved ones are truly involved.
Before the name "Kamen Rider Shin" was decided, Shotaro Ishinomori originally planned for the character to be called . The design of this Kamen Rider Gaia was originally of more a traditional Kamen Rider appearance, before later designs switched to a "Kamen Rider Style Reform" version (resembling a man in a motorcycle helmet and modified riding jacket), and then the mutated insect-like human that would become Kamen Rider Shin.
: Shin's girlfriend and nurse at the ISS (Institute of Super Science) where the experiments are held. She tells Shin of the conspiracy, only later to be killed while pregnant with Shin's child. With her dying breath, she tells him to protect the child at all costs, for it is now a target of the syndicate due to its mutation (it shares a telepathic bond with its father).
: Shin's father. Geneticist, not completely aware of the grave situation he put his son in.
: The head of ISS and a major player in the syndicate. He appears to be a kind gentleman, but is truly a heartless man. He is slaughtered by Shin after he guns down Ai.
: Himuro's confidant and henchman. He is actually a Level 2 cyborg, an outdated cyborg model. He is decapitated by Shin before his head opens up to reveal a bomb and self-destructs.
: Kazamatsuri's partner, with the plan to create a fusion of grasshopper and man and be their ruler. He is killed by CIA agents, while sending a telepathic plea for help to Shin as he burning to death.
: A CIA agent who tracks Shin and others that may be connected to ISS/the syndicate.
: Shin's friend, who urges him to escape from the experiment while he still can.
Cast
- (Played as )
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Staff
Creator: Shotaro Ishinomori
Project planner: Susumu Yoshikawa
Action Directors: Osamu Kaneda, Kazuyoshi Yamada
Special Effects Director: Nobuo Yajima
Executive Producer: Katsushi Murakami
Media
The film's song "Forever" was performed by Noriko Watanabe, with lyrics by Hiroko Kimura, composition by Ryuudou Uzaki, and arrangements by Tooru Yuugawa. The film was released on DVD on April 25, 2008, by Bandai Visual. It was later released on Toei's subscription channel, which featured the film during its Kamen Rider 40th anniversary line up in July 2011.
The OST was released by Nippon Colombia on July 6, 2005 as an Animex Special release with a street price of 1, 200 Yen with the tracks composed by Ryudo Uzaki and Kaoru Wada.
Shin Kamen Rider makes appearances in the films of the later Kamen Rider Decade television series. He is also the primary focus of one of the All Riders vs. Dai-Shocker comedic webisodes. Kamen Rider Shin also appears as a playable character in 2011 Nintendo DS video game - All Kamen Rider: Rider Generation.
The movie was released worldwide on 5 April 2020 on the Toei Tokusatsu World YouTube channel along with 69 other shows.
References
1992 films
1990s Kamen Rider films
Biopunk films
Superhero horror films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin%20Kamen%20Rider%3A%20Prologue |
Timberline Lodge ski area is the ski and snowboarding area of Timberline Lodge, a National Historic Landmark in the U.S. state of Oregon. It is one of a few ski areas in the United States with most of the skiable terrain below the main lodge. It is located on the south face of Mount Hood, about 60 miles (95 km) east of Portland, accessible via the Mount Hood Scenic Byway.
History
The lodge was constructed between 1936 and 1938 as a Works Progress Administration project during the Great Depression. That year, Timberline opened as Oregon's first destination ski resort with a portable rope tow. The next year, the Magic Mile chairlift opened, as well as Silcox Hut, which sits about one thousand vertical feet (300 m) and a mile (1.6 km) above the main lodge, and was the original unloading and warming hut.
Summer skiing and summer race camps began at Timberline in 1956. Before the Palmer chairlift was constructed in 1983 (which provides access above the level), the conditions at Timberline allowed skiing from the Mile November through July or August. With the Palmer, a skiable surface is available year-round. Timberline is the only ski area in the states with lift accessed skiing and snowboarding all twelve months of the year. Ski and snowboard camps draw thousands of people to the slopes during the months of June, July and August.
Early history
The Magic Mile chairlift was the longest chairlift in the world, and the second chairlift, of those built to be a chairlift when it opened in 1939. Financial troubles operating the Lodge and World War II closed it for several years during the 1940s and 1950s. The ski area has successfully operated since 1956.
Palmer chairlift
The original Palmer chairlift opened for 1978 summer ski season on May 8. It was a fixed double chair in basically the same location as the present chair, with the base station near Silcox Hut.
The current Palmer chairlift was completed in 1996, and is built to withstand wind gusts of over and of snow. Its construction time was less than six months due to a limited building season imposed by the local weather conditions.
Recent history
The Jeff Flood Express detachable high speed quad chair opened for the 2007-2008 ski season. With the new lift, Timberline added the Still Creek Basin to skiable terrain on the lower mountain which almost doubles the area below the timberline, which provides much needed capacity on days with wind or limited visibility when the Magic Mile and Palmer are unable to open. Jeff Flood also improves connectivity to Stormin' Normin and Magic Mile lifts from the lower mountain.
Thanks to the added terrain accessible from Jeff Flood, if the Palmer lift is open, it is possible to ski a non-stop run over in length with elevation change of about .
As of 2019, information has been leaked that there will eventually be a gondola that connects Summit Ski Area to Timberline Lodge. Not much is known about this project, except for the fact that it could be completed in the next 10 years.
In 2020, the Pucci chairlift, which used to be a triple fixed-grip lift, was replaced with a quad detachable lift.
Statistics
Vertical
4,540' Winter (using chairlifts, Palmer SnowCAT and Resort Shuttle Service)
2,166' Winter (only using chairlifts)
2,500' early Summer (April - July)
1,530' late Summer (July - October)
Terrain
Timberline categorizes the terrain as beginner 20%, intermediate 50%, advanced 30%. However, the Forest Service published an environmental impact statement containing more detailed information:
† Rider capacity is the number of snowboarders and skiers the terrain area comfortably handles, and is not a measure of lift capacity. Page 7 of the reference details the industry standard, which ranges from 2-5 expert skiers per acre up to 25-35 beginners per acre.
Lifts
7 chairlifts, including 6 high speed detachable quads and one bunny slope double
1 magic carpet for ski school use
Summer skiing
Timberline is one of two ski areas in North America to offer year round skiing, the other one being the indoor ski area Big Snow American Dream in New Jersey. It is scheduled for two weeks closure each September for maintenance.
Skiers, snowboarders, and sightseers ride up the Magic Mile chairlift to the Palmer Glacier and its lift, where most of the summer skiing takes place, particularly later in the season. In contrast to winter operations, the lifts are the busiest during the summer ski season Monday through Friday, mostly due to ski and snowboard camps. Besides organized clinics and camps, any intermediate or more advanced member of the public is welcome to ski or snowboard.
Summer ski hours are 7 am to 1:30 pm.
During summer ski season, there is no novice or beginner terrain; low-intermediate terrain is available along the Mile. After approximately mid-June, it is necessary to walk at least part of the way to reload the Magic Mile, and feasible to ski to within a few hundred feet of the parking lot until mid-August.
On warm days, most skiers leave by late morning due to soft and wet snow conditions.
Public skiing is available, but rental gear may be limited.
The Palmer lift is limited to skiers and snowboarders only (no foot passengers), with intermediate or greater skills.
Summer camps
Timberline hosts dozens of summer camps enrolling thousands of athletes throughout the summer: a busy mid-week, mid-season day has as many as 1,500 riders.
Virtually every snow sport is offered in camps. Ski racing is the most popular, but snowboard and freeski camps are also popular. Mount Hood Summer Ski Camps have been a mainstay in the summer, hosting campers since the 1970s.
The summer camps are mostly organized as week-long sessions, with on-snow activities in the morning and a variety of other activities in the afternoon, such as river rafting, mountain biking, hiking, trampoline, wind surfing, etc.
Events
The Golden Rose Ski Classic is an annual race which began in 1936; World War II called off the event between 1942 and 1945. It is the oldest known organized ski race in America, and is the only USSA-sanctioned summer race. It normally occurs early June as part of the Portland Rose Festival and attracts the world's top skiers. Previous winners include ski safety binding inventor Hjalmar Hvam (1937), 1948 Olympic gold medalist Gretchen Fraser (1938), John Frazer (1950), Howard Hermanson (1952), Christian Pravda (1954), Chris Ditfurth (1956), Ron Hebron (1957, 1961, 1963 and 1965), Kiki Cutter (1968), Steve Mahre (1974), Bill Johnson (1979 and 1981), Mary Mathews (1982), Phil Mahre (1983), Debbie Armstrong (1983), Eva Twardokens (1984), David Lyons (1984), Tamara McKinney, and David Lyons (1985).
The Masters Summer Fun in the Sun is a ski race held mid-July.
Photo gallery
See also
List of ski areas and resorts in the United States#Oregon
External links
History Web Site of the Mount Hood Area www.mounthoodhistory.com
References
Buildings and structures in Clackamas County, Oregon
Ski areas and resorts in Oregon
Mount Hood
Mount Hood National Forest
Tourist attractions in Clackamas County, Oregon
1938 establishments in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timberline%20Lodge%20ski%20area |
Tullgarn Palace () is a royal summer palace in the province of Södermanland, south of Stockholm, Sweden. Built in the 1720s, the palace offers a mixture of rococo, Gustavian and Victorian styles. The interior design is regarded as one of Sweden's finest.
Tullgarn Palace is mainly associated with King Gustaf V and Queen Victoria, who spent their summers here at the end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century. However, the palace was originally built for Duke Fredrik Adolf in the 1770s. Since Tullgarn was a popular summer palace amongst Swedish royalty, the palace houses fine examples of interiors from different epochs and personal styles, such as the small drawing room, decorated in the 1790s, the breakfast room in southern German Renaissance style from the 1890s and Gustav V's cigar room, which has remained largely untouched since his death in 1950.
History
In 1719, the old Renaissance castle from the late 16th century was demolished. The newly appointed Privy Councillor Magnus Julius De la Gardie, who was in possession of a great fortune through his marriage to Hedvig Catharina Lillie, commissioned architect Joseph Gabriel Destain to design the present palace, built between 1720 and 1727. The courtyard is open to the sea and took on its present appearance in the 1820s. It is modelled on the garden of Logården at the Royal Palace in Stockholm.
In 1772, Tullgarn was acquired by the crown and became a royal residence. Occupancy was granted to Duke Fredrik Adolf, youngest brother of King Gustav III. Between 1778 and 1793, Frederick Adolf resided there with his lover Sophie Hagman, and many episodes from this period are preserved as the Tullgarnsmminnena, The Tullgarn memories. Frederick Adolf modernized the palace in neo classical style, adding another storey to the wings, giving the palace a flat Italian-style roof. Fredrik Adolf's interiors are some of the finest examples of Gustavian style in Sweden. Among the designers involved were Louis Masreliez, Jean Baptiste Masreliez, Per Ljung and Ernst Philip Thoman. Many of the interiors created at that time remain today in their original form.
After the death of Frederick Adolf, it was granted to his sister, Princess Sophia Albertina, who spent all her summers her until her death in 1829. The following year, it was granted to the heir to the throne, the future Oscar I of Sweden, and served as the summer residence of the Swedish royal court during his reign.
King Gustaf V (then Crown Prince) took over Tullgarn in 1881 and together with his consort Victoria, implemented extensive changes. The main building was decorated more like a modern functional summer home than a royal pleasure palace. Much of the present interior dates from the time of King Gustav V and Queen Viktoria, including the vestibule, whose walls are covered in hand-painted Dutch tiles. The breakfast room is furnished like a south German Bierstube, possibly reflecting the fact that Queen Viktoria came from Baden in Southern Germany. The royal couple used the palace as their summer residence. In 1924, Ethiopian Crown Prince Ras Tafari (later Emperor Haile Selassie) stayed at Tullgarn while touring Europe.
References
Literature
External links
The Royal Palaces: Tullgarn Palace
Houses completed in the 18th century
Crown palaces in Sweden
Castles in Stockholm County
Museums in Stockholm County
Historic house museums in Sweden
1720s establishments in Sweden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tullgarn%20Palace |
Bast is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared as idol in Fantastic Four #52 (cover-dated July 1966), created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby, and is based on the Egyptian cat goddess Bastet. Bast is a member of the Heliopolitan and Wakandan pantheons. and the patron of the superhero Black Panther.
Bast appears in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film Black Panther (2018) and was interpreted by Akosia Sabet in Thor: Love and Thunder (2022).
Publication history
Bast or Bastet is an ancient Egyptian goddess represented as a black cat. Bast first appeared in Marvel comics alongside Black Panther in Fantastic Four #52 as an idol.
In Avengers #87 (April 1971), written by Roy Thomas and illustrated by Sal Buscema, he is referred to as a male deity, the Panther-God. In Black Panther vol. 1 #7 (cover-dated January 1978), written and illustrated by Jack Kirby, the first Black Panther, Olumo Bashenga, is said to have instituted the Panther cult. In the four issue Black Panther miniseries (1988), written by Peter B. Gillis and illustrated by Denys Cowan, he is referred to as Panther spirit. In Black Panther vol. 3 #21 (cover-dated August 2000) written by Christopher Priest and illustrated by Sal Velutto the Panther-God of Wakanda was retconned as Bast. In Black Panther vol. 6 #13 (cover-date June 2017) written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and illustrated by Wilfredo Torres it is revealed that Bast is part of the Wakandan pantheon, called The Orisha, also composed of gods from various places in Africa: Thoth and Ptah, as Bast are from Egypt, Mujaji from South Africa and Kokou is a war deity of Benin. Orisha is a Yoruba word meaning spirit or deity, previously revealed that Yoruba was one of the official languages of Wakanda. At first, the authors portrayed Bast as a male deity, but today they portray him as his analogue in Egyptian mythology.
Fictional character biography
Bast the Panther Goddess is one of the eldest of the Ennead and the primary deity of Wakanda. The daughter of the powerful Egyptian sun god Atum / Ra, Bast inherited her father's life-giving heat while her sister, the lion goddess Sekhmet, inherited his fiery, destructive fury. Bast was worshipped on Earth as early as 10,000 BC, granting power to her worshippers "the Children of Bast" and their descendants in the mountaintop city of Bastet, the High Kingdom.
After Egypt's mortal pharaohs rose to power, Bast began to obtain worshippers in the area that would one day become Wakanda as the "Panther God." Her sister Sekhmet arrived later and came to be worshipped in Wakanda as the "Lion God."
Before the emergence of the Wakandan nation, mystic beings known as Originators were expelled from the region by the humans and the Orisha, the pantheon of Wakanda consisting of Thoth, Ptah, Mujaji, Kokou and Bast. Her other sister, K'Liluna, considered a betrayer, was banished from the pantheon. Bast also battled against another god, Magba.
In the distant past, a massive meteorite made up of the element vibranium crashed in Wakanda. The meteorite was named Mena Ngai. After the vibranium meteor fell, a number of Wakandans were painfully mutated into "demon spirits" and began attacking their fellow Wakandans. According to legends, during the tumult, T'Challa's ancestor Bashenga composed of various warring clans, he gathered all the aforementioned under his guide to defeating the inhabitants transformed by the impact into fierce "demonic spirits", a company which has unified the nation by founding Wakanda and becoming its first ruler and the first to obtain the title of "Black Panther" as it tells of his "spiritual connection" with the Panther Goddess Bast that led to the foundation of the Panther cult.
In other media
Films
Marvel Cinematic Universe
The gods Bast and Sekhmet were both mentioned by T'Challa / Black Panther in the 2016 Marvel Cinematic Universe film Captain America: Civil War, with T'Challa explaining, "In my culture, death is not the end. It's more of a stepping-off point. You reach out with both hands, and Bast and Sekhmet, they lead you into the green veld where you can run forever." Bast is again mentioned in the prologue of the 2018 film Black Panther as having helped the first Black Panther become king of Wakanda. In the film Thor: Love and Thunder (2022), Bast is part of the Council of Godheads and was interpreted as a black woman, played by actress Akosia Sabet.
References
External links
Bast at Comic Vine
Bastet
Black Panther (Marvel Comics) characters
Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1966
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics deities
Marvel Comics female characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bast%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 |
The Chinese Library Classification (CLC; ), also known as Classification for Chinese Libraries (CCL), is effectively the national library classification scheme in China. It is used in almost all primary and secondary schools, universities, academic institutions, as well as public libraries. It is also used by publishers to classify all books published in China.
The Book Classification of Chinese Libraries (BCCL) was first published in 1975, under the auspices of China's Administrative Bureau of Cultural Affairs. Its fourth edition (1999) was renamed CLC. In September 2010, the fifth edition was published by National Library of China Publishing House.
CLC has twenty-two top-level categories, and inherits a Marxist orientation from its earlier editions. (For instance, category A is Marxism, Leninism, Maoism & Deng Xiaoping Theory.) It contains a total of 43600 categories, many of which are recent additions, meeting the needs of a rapidly changing nation.
The CLC system
The 22 top categories and selected sub-categories of CLC (5th Edition) are as follows:
A. Marxism, Leninism, Maoism and Deng Xiaoping theory
A1 The works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
A2 The works of Vladimir Lenin
A3 The works of Joseph Stalin
A4 The works of Mao Zedong
A49 The works of Deng Xiaoping
A5 The symposium/collection of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A7 The biobibliography and biography of Marx, Engels, Lenin, Stalin, Mao and Deng Xiaoping
A8 Study and research of Marxism, Leninism, Maoism and Deng Xiaoping theory
B. Philosophy and religions
B-4 Education and dissemination of philosophy
B-49 Learners' book and popular literature of philosophy
B0 theory of philosophy
B0-0 Marxist philosophy
B01 Basic problems of philosophy
B014 Object, purpose and method of philosophy
B015 Materialism and idealism
B016 Ontology
B016.8 Cosmology
B016.9 Time-space-theory
B017 Epistemology
B017.8 Determinism and indeterminism
B017.9 Self theory
B018 Axiology
B019.1 Materialism
B019.11 Naive materialism
B019.12 Metaphysical materialism
B019.13 Dialectical materialism
B019.2 Idealism
B02 Dialectical materialism
B024 Materialist dialectics
B025 Categories of materialist dialectics
B026 Methodology
B027 Application of dialectical materialism
B028 Natural philosophy
B029 Dialectics of nature
B03 Historical materialism
B031 Social material requirements of life
B032 Basic social conflict
B032.1 Productive forces und relations of production
B032.2 Base and superstructure
B033 Class theory
B034 Theory of revolution
B035 Theory of country
B036 Social being and social consciousness
B037 Contradictions among the people
B038 Role of the people in historical development
B08 Philosophical schools and research
B081 Idealism
B081.1 Metaphysics
B081.2 Epistemology of idealism, apriorism
B082 Positivism, Machism
B083 Voluntarism and philosophy of life
B084 Neo-Kantianism and Neohegelianism
B085 Neorealism, logical positivism (new positivism, logical empiricism)
B086 Existentialism (survivalism)
B087 Pragmatism
B088 Neo-Thomism (new scholasticism)
B089 Other philosophical schools
B089.1 Western Marxism
B089.2 Philosophical hermeneutics
B089.3 Philosophical anthropology
B1 Philosophy (worldwide)
B2 Philosophy in China
B22 Pre-Qin Dynasty philosophy (~before 220 BC)
B222 The Confucian School
B222.2 Confucius (Kǒng Qiū, 551-479 BC)
B3 Philosophy in Asia
B4 Philosophy in Africa
B5 Philosophy in Europe
B6 Philosophy in Australasia
B7 Philosophy in America
B8 Cognitive science
B9 Religions
B91 Sociology of religion, religion and science
B92 Philosophy and history of religion
B93 Mythology and primitive religion
B94 Buddhism
B95 Taoism
B96 Islam
B97 Christianity
B971 Bible
B971.1 Old Testament
B971.2 New Testament
B972 Doctrine, theology
B975 Evangelism, sermons
B976 Christian denominations
B976.1 Roman Catholic Church
B976.2 Orthodox Christianity (Eastern Orthodoxy, Oriental Orthodoxy)
B976.3 Protestantism (Protestant Reformation)
B977 Ecclesiastical polity
B978 Research on Christianity
B979 History of Christianity
B979.9 Biography
B98 Other religions
B99 Augury, superstition
C. Social sciences
C0 Social scientific theory and methodology
C1 Present and future of social sciences
C2 Organisations, groups, conferences
C3 Method of research in social sciences
C4 Education and popularization of social sciences
C5 Serials, anthologies, periodicals in social sciences
C6 Reference materials in social sciences
C7 (no longer used)
C8 Statistics in social sciences
C9 Sociology
D. Politics and law
D0 Political theory
D1 International campaign of Communism
D2 Communist Party of China
D3 Communist parties of other countries
D4 Labor, peasant, youth, female organizations and movements
D5 Politics (worldwide)
D6 Politics in China
D7 Politics in individual countries
D8 Diplomacy, international relations
D9 Law
DF Law (Applications of laws)
E. Military science
E0 Military theory
E1 Military (worldwide)
E2 Military in China
E3 Military in Asia
E4 Military in Africa
E5 Military in Europe
E6 Military in Australasia
E7 Military in America
E8 Strategies, tactics, and battles
E9 Military technology
F. Economics
F0 Economics
F1 Economics, economic history and economic geography of individual countries
F2 Economic planning and management
F3 Agricultural economics
F4 Industrial economics
F5 Economics of transport
F6 Economics of postal and cable services
F7 Economics of commerce
F8 Finance and banking
G. Culture, science, education and sports
G0 Philosophy of culture
G1 Culture
G2 Knowledge transmission
G3 Science, scientific research
G4 Education
G5 Education in individual countries
G6 Education (primary, secondary, tertiary)
G7 Education (specialized)
G8 Sports
H. Languages and linguistics
H0 Linguistics
H01 Phonetics
H019 Method of recitation, oratory of speech
H02 Grammatology
H03 Semantics, lexicology and meaning of words
H033 Idiom
H034 Adage
H04 Syntax
H05 Study of writing, rhetoric
H059 Study of translation
H06 Lexicography
H061 Dictionaries
H1 Chinese language
H10
H102 Regulation, standardisation of Chinese language, promotion of Putonghua
H109
H109.2 Ancient Chinese language
H109.4 Modern Chinese language
H11 Phone (historical Chinese phonology)
H12 Grammatology
H2 Languages of China's ethnic minorities
H3 Commonly used foreign languages
H31 English language
H32 French language
H33 German language
H34 Spanish language
H35 Russian language
H36 Japanese language
H37 Arabic language
H4 Family of Sino-Tibetan languages (China, Tibet and Burma)
H5 Family of Altaic languages (Turkic, Mongolian and Tungusic)
H6 Language families in other areas of the world
H61 Austroasiatic languages and Tai languages (Mainland Southeast Asia))
H62 Dravidian languages (South India)
H63 Austronesian languages (Malayo-Polynesian)
H64 Paleosiberian languages (Siberia)
H65 Ibero-Caucasian languages (Caucasus Mountains)
H66 Uralic languages
H67 Afroasiatic languages (Southwest Asia, Arabian Peninsula, North Africa)
H7 Indo-European languages
H8 Language families on other continents
H81 African languages
H83 American languages
H84 Papuan languages
H9 International auxiliary languages (Interlingua, Ido, Esperanto, etc.)
I. Literature
I0 Literary theory
I1 Literature (worldwide)
I2 Literature in China
I3 Literature in Asia
I4 Literature in Africa
I5 Literature in Europe
I6 Literature in Australasia
I7 Literature in America
J. Art
J0 Theory of fine art
J1 Fine art of the world
J2 Painting
J3 Sculpture
J4 Photography
J5 Applied arts
J6 Music
J7 Dance
J8 Drama
J9 Cinematography, television
K. History and geography
K0 Historical theory
K1 Human history
K2 History of China
K3 History of Asia
K4 History of Africa
K5 History of Europe
K6 History of Australasia
K7 History of America
K8 Biography, archaeology
K9 Geography
N. Natural science
N0 Theory and methodology
N1 Present state
N2 Organisations, groups, conferences
N3 Research methodology
N4 Education and popularization
N5 Serials, anthologies, periodicals
N6 Reference materials
N8 Field surveys
N9 Minor sciences
O. Mathematics, physics and chemistry
O1 Mathematics
O2 Applied mathematics
O3 Mechanics
O4 Physics
O6 Chemistry
O7 Crystallography
P. Astronomy and geoscience
P1 Astronomy
P2 Geodesy
P3 Geophysics
P4 Meteorology
P5 Geology
P6 Mineralogy
P7 Oceanography
P9 Physiography
Q. Life sciences
Q1 General biology
Q2 Cytology
Q3 Genetics
Q4 Physiology
Q5 Biochemistry
Q6 Biophysics
Q7 Molecular biology
Q8 Bioengineering
Q9 Zoology and botany
R. Medicine and health sciences
R1 Preventive medicine, public health
R2 Traditional Chinese medicine
R3 Human anatomy, physiology, pathology, microbiology, parasitology
R4 Clinical medicine
R5 Internal medicine
R6 Surgery
R7 Medical specialties
R71 Obstetrics, gynecology
R72 Pediatrics
R73 Oncology
R74 Neurology, psychiatry
R75 Dermatology, venereology
R76 Otolaryngology
R77 Ophthalmology
R78 Dentistry
R79 Non-Chinese traditional medicine
R8 Radiology, sport medicine, diving medicine, aerospace medicine
R9 Pharmacology, pharmacy
S. Agricultural science
S1 Fundamental agricultural science
S2 Agricultural engineering
S3 Agronomy
S4 Phytopathology
S5 Individual crops
S6 Horticulture
S7 Forestry
S8 Animal husbandry, veterinary medicine, hunting, sericulture, apiculture
S9 Aquaculture, fishery
T. Industrial technology
TB General industrial technology
TD Mining engineering
TE Petroleum, natural gas
TF Extractive metallurgy, smelting
TG Metallurgy, metalworking
TH Machinery, instrumentation
TJ Military technology
TK Power plant
TL Nuclear technology
TM Electrical engineering
TN Electronic engineering, telecommunication engineering
TP Automation, computer engineering
TQ Chemical engineering
TS Light industry, handicraft
TU Construction engineering
TV Water resources, hydraulic engineering
U. Transportation
U1 General transport
U2 Railway transport
U4 Highway transport
U6 Marine transport
V. Aviation and Aerospace
V1 Research and Exploration of Aviation and Aerospace Technology
V2 Aviation
V4 Aerospace (Spaceflight)
V7 Aerospace Medicine
X. Environmental science
X1 Fundamental environmental science
X2 Environmental research
X3 Environmental protection and management
X4 Disaster protection
X5 Pollution control
X7 Waste Management and recycling
X8 Environmental quality monitoring
X9 Occupational safety and health
Z. General works
Z1 Collectanea/generalia (book series)
Z12 Collectanea of China
Z121 General collectanea
Z121.2 Song Dynasty
Z121.3 Yuan Dynasty
Z121.4 Ming Dynasty
Z121.5 Qing Dynasty
Z121.6 Republic period
Z121.7 Modern
Z122 Collectanea of a particular locality
Z123 Collectanea by members of a particular family
Z124 Collectanea by individual writers
Z125 Collectanea of lost books
Z126 Collectanea of Chinese classics
Z126.1 Collection of Confucian classics
Z126.2 Collection of treatises
Z126.21 General collection
Z126.22 Remake of lost books
Z126.23 Collection of a particular theme
Z126.24 Chronological tables, tablets, illustrated works
Z126.25 Works on phonetics, semantics and authenticity
Z126.27 Research, critics and proves
Z13 Collectanea and book series of Asia
Z14 Book series of Africa
Z15 Book series of Europe
Z16 Book series of Oceania
Z17 Book series of America
Z2 Encyclopedias and Chinese encyclopedias (Leishu)
Z22 Chinese encyclopedias
Z221 Tang Dynasty
Z222 Song Dynasty
Z223 Yuan Dynasty
Z224 Ming Dynasty
Z225 Qing Dynasty
Z226 Republic
Z227 Modern
Z228 General popular literature
Z228.1 Children's books
Z228.2 Popular youth books
Z228.3 Elders' books
Z228.4 Women's readers
Z228.5 Men's readers
Z23 Encyclopedias of Asia
Z24 Encyclopedias of Africa
Z25 Encyclopedias of Europe
Z26 Encyclopedias of Oceania
Z27 Encyclopedias of America
Z28 Encyclopedias of a particular field
Z3 Dictionaries
Z4 Symposia, anthologies, selected works, essays
Z5 Almanac
Z6 Serials, periodicals
Z8 Catalogues, abstracts, indexes
Other classifications
The other library classifications in China are:
Library Classification of the People’s University of China (LCPUC)
Library Classification of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (LCCAS)
Library Classification for Medium and Small Libraries (MSL)
Library Classification of Wuhan University (LCWU)
The other library classifications for Chinese materials outside mainland China are:
Cambridge University Library Chinese Classification System , Classification Scheme for Chinese Books devised by Profs. Haloun and P. van der Loon for Cambridge University, UK.
University of Leeds Classification of Books in Chinese, UK (36 pages of Catalog in PDF)
Harvard-Yenching Classification System
New Classification Scheme for Chinese Libraries (commonly used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau)
See also
Libraries in the People's Republic of China
Ningbo Library
References
External links
Official website
Contemporary Classification Systems and Thesauri in China, Zhang Qiyu, Liu Xiangsheng, Wang Dongbo, 62nd IFLA General Conference - Conference Proceedings - August 25-31, 1996
Chinese Library Classification Editorial Board
Abridged third (obsolete) edition of CLC
CLC Online
Research on Interoperability of Metadata in Classification Schemes-construction of automatic mapping system between CLC and DDC, Jianbo Dai, Hanqing Hou, Ling Cao, Dept. of Libr. & Inform. Sci., Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095
Construction of Knowledge Base for Automatic Indexing and Classification based on CLC, Hanqing Hou, Chunxiang Xue, Nanjing Agri. Univ., Nanjing, China 210095
An Intelligent Retrieval System for Chinese Agricultural Literature indexed by Chinese Classification System, Ping Qian, Xiaolu Su, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
East Asian Library Classification Systems, archived
The Development of Authority Database in National Library of China (NLC), March 2002, Beixin Sun of NLC NLC's classification subject thesaurus database based on CLC.
National Bibliographies: the Chinese Experience, 72nd IFLA Conference at Seoul in Korea, August 2006, Ben Gu of NLC An overview of the current situation of the National Bibliography and classification systems in China.
A month at the Shanghai Library, November 2004, Helen Michael, University of Toronto A librarian from Canada shared her experience of working in a library of China.
1975 introductions
1975 establishments in China
Library cataloging and classification
Knowledge representation
Chinese culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Library%20Classification |
Bridge d'Italia is the official magazine for the Italian contract bridge game federation, Federazione Italiana Gioco Bridge (FIGB). It has been published since January 1938.
History and profile
The magazine was first published in January 1938 under the title Bollettino Mensile (Monthly Bulletin). In November that year the title was changed by the Fascist administration to the Monthly Bulletin of the Italian Ponte Association. Between December 1941 and 1946 the magazine temporarily ceased publication due to World War II. In 1946 the magazine could publish only one issue with the title Bridge, and from 1947 its frequency was made monthly. In 1953 the magazine was renamed as Bridge d'Italia of which editor-in-chief was Cesare Guglielmetti. The other editors-in-chief were Luigi Firbo who succeeded Cesare Guglielmetti in 1957 and held the post until June 1970 when Guido Barbone was appointed to the post. From April 1986 Riccardo Vandoni was made the editor-in-chief of the magazine.
Bridge d'Italia has a print and an online edition. The print edition is published ten times a year. The magazine is headquartered in Milan.
See also
The Bridge World
List of contract bridge magazines
References
External links
FIGB website (Italian)
Online edition
1938 establishments in Italy
Contract bridge magazines
Italian-language magazines
Magazines established in 1938
Magazines published in Milan
Monthly magazines published in Italy
Ten times annually magazines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridge%20d%27Italia |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (, PEPCK) is an enzyme in the lyase family used in the metabolic pathway of gluconeogenesis. It converts oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide.
It is found in two forms, cytosolic and mitochondrial.
Structure
In humans there are two isoforms of PEPCK; a cytosolic form (SwissProt P35558) and a mitochondrial isoform (SwissProt Q16822) which have 63.4% sequence identity. The cytosolic form is important in gluconeogenesis. However, there is a known transport mechanism to move PEP from the mitochondria to the cytosol, using specific membrane transport proteins. PEP transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane involves the mitochondrial tricarboxylate transport protein and to a lesser extent the adenine nucleotide carrier. The possibility of a PEP/pyruvate transporter has also been put forward.
X-ray structures of PEPCK provide insight into the structure and the mechanism of PEPCK enzymatic activity. The mitochondrial isoform of chicken liver PEPCK complexed with Mn2+, Mn2+-phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and Mn2+-GDP provides information about its structure and how this enzyme catalyzes reactions.
Delbaere et al. (2004) resolved PEPCK in E. coli and found the active site sitting between a C-terminal domain and an N-terminal domain. The active site was observed to be closed upon rotation of these domains.
Phosphoryl groups are transferred during PEPCK action, which is likely facilitated by the eclipsed conformation of the phosphoryl groups when ATP is bound to PEPCK.
Since the eclipsed formation is one that is high in energy, phosphoryl group transfer has a decreased energy of activation, meaning that the groups will transfer more readily. This transfer likely happens via a mechanism similar to SN2 displacement.
In different species
PEPCK gene transcription occurs in many species, and the amino acid sequence of PEPCK is distinct for each species.
For example, its structure and its specificity differ in humans, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the parasiteTrypanosoma cruzi.
Mechanism
PEPCKase converts oxaloacetate into phosphoenolpyruvate and carbon dioxide.
As PEPCK acts at the junction between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, it causes decarboxylation of a C4 molecule, creating a C3 molecule. As the first committed step in gluconeogenesis, PEPCK decarboxylates and phosphorylates oxaloacetate (OAA) for its conversion to PEP, when GTP is present. As a phosphate is transferred, the reaction results in a GDP molecule. When pyruvate kinase – the enzyme that normally catalyzes the reaction that converts PEP to pyruvate – is knocked out in mutants of Bacillus subtilis, PEPCK participates in one of the replacement anaplerotic reactions, working in the reverse direction of its normal function, converting PEP to OAA. Although this reaction is possible, the kinetics are so unfavorable that the mutants grow at a very slow pace or do not grow at all.
Function
Gluconeogenesis
PEPCK-C catalyzes an irreversible step of gluconeogenesis, the process whereby glucose is synthesized. The enzyme has therefore been thought to be essential in glucose homeostasis, as evidenced by laboratory mice that contracted diabetes mellitus type 2 as a result of the overexpression of PEPCK-C.
The role that PEPCK-C plays in gluconeogenesis may be mediated by the citric acid cycle, the activity of which was found to be directly related to PEPCK-C abundance.
PEPCK-C levels alone were not highly correlated with gluconeogenesis in the mouse liver, as previous studies have suggested. While the mouse liver almost exclusively expresses PEPCK-C, humans equally present a mitochondrial isozyme (PEPCK-M). PEPCK-M has gluconeogenic potential per se. Therefore, the role of PEPCK-C and PEPCK-M in gluconeogenesis may be more complex and involve more factors than was previously believed.
Animals
In animals, this is a rate-controlling step of gluconeogenesis, the process by which cells synthesize glucose from metabolic precursors. The blood glucose level is maintained within well-defined limits in part due to precise regulation of PEPCK gene expression. To emphasize the importance of PEPCK in glucose homeostasis, over expression of this enzyme in mice results in symptoms of type II diabetes mellitus, by far the most common form of diabetes in humans. Due to the importance of blood glucose homeostasis, a number of hormones regulate a set of genes (including PEPCK) in the liver that modulate the rate of glucose synthesis.
PEPCK-C is controlled by two different hormonal mechanisms. PEPCK-C activity is increased upon the secretion of both cortisol from the adrenal cortex and glucagon from the alpha cells of the pancreas. Glucagon indirectly elevates the expression of PEPCK-C by increasing the levels of cAMP (via activation of adenylyl cyclase) in the liver which consequently leads to the phosphorylation of S133 on a beta sheet in the CREB protein. CREB then binds upstream of the PEPCK-C gene at CRE (cAMP response element) and induces PEPCK-C transcription. Cortisol on the other hand, when released by the adrenal cortex, passes through the lipid membrane of liver cells (due to its hydrophobic nature it can pass directly through cell membranes) and then binds to a Glucocorticoid Receptor (GR). This receptor dimerizes and the cortisol/GR complex passes into the nucleus where it then binds to the Glucocorticoid Response Element (GRE) region in a similar manner to CREB and produces similar results (synthesis of more PEPCK-C).
Together, cortisol and glucagon can have huge synergistic results, activating the PEPCK-C gene to levels that neither cortisol or glucagon could reach on their own. PEPCK-C is most abundant in the liver, kidney, and adipose tissue.
A collaborative study between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the University of New Hampshire investigated the effect of DE-71, a commercial PBDE mixture, on PEPCK enzyme kinetics and determined that in vivo treatment of the environmental pollutant compromises liver glucose and lipid metabolism possibly by activation of the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR), and may influence whole-body insulin sensitivity.
Researchers at Case Western Reserve University have discovered that overexpression of cytosolic PEPCK in skeletal muscle of mice causes them to be more active, more aggressive, and have longer lives than normal mice; see metabolic supermice.
Plants
PEPCK () is one of three decarboxylation enzymes used in the inorganic carbon concentrating mechanisms of C4 and CAM plants. The others are NADP-malic enzyme and NAD-malic enzyme. In C4 carbon fixation, carbon dioxide is first fixed by combination with phosphoenolpyruvate to form oxaloacetate in the mesophyll. In PEPCK-type C4 plants the oxaloacetate is then converted to aspartate, which travels to the bundle sheath. In the bundle sheath cells, aspartate is converted back to oxaloacetate. PEPCK decarboxylates the bundle sheath oxaloacetate, releasing carbon dioxide, which is then fixed by the enzyme Rubisco.
For each molecule of carbon dioxide produced by PEPCK, a molecule of ATP is consumed.
PEPCK acts in plants that undergo C4 carbon fixation, where its action has been localized to the cytosol, in contrast to mammals, where it has been found that PEPCK works in mitochondria.
Although it is found in many different parts of plants, it has been seen only in specific cell types, including the areas of the phloem.
It has also been discovered that, in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), PEPCK levels are increased by multiple effects that are known to decrease the cellular pH of plants, although these effects are specific to the part of the plant.
PEPCK levels rose in roots and stems when the plants were watered with ammonium chloride at a low pH (but not at high pH), or with butyric acid. However, PEPCK levels did not increase in leaves under these conditions.
In leaves, 5% content in the atmosphere leads to higher PEPCK abundance.
Bacteria
In an effort to explore the role of PEPCK, researchers caused the overexpression of PEPCK in E. coli bacteria via recombinant DNA.
PEPCK of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to trigger the immune system in mice by increasing cytokine activity.
As a result, it has been found that PEPCK may be an appropriate ingredient in the development of an effective subunit vaccination for tuberculosis.
Clinical significance
Activity in cancer
PEPCK has not been considered in cancer research until recently. It has been shown that in human tumor samples and human cancer cell lines (breast, colon and lung cancer cells) PEPCK-M, and not PEPCK-C, was expressed at enough levels to play a relevant metabolic role. Therefore, PEPCK-M could have a role in cancer cells, especially under nutrient limitation or other stress conditions.
Regulation
In humans
PEPCK-C is enhanced, both in terms of its production and activation, by many factors. Transcription of the PEPCK-C gene is stimulated by glucagon, glucocorticoids, retinoic acid, and adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP), while it is inhibited by insulin. Of these factors, insulin, a hormone that is deficient in the case of type 1 diabetes mellitus, is considered dominant, as it inhibits the transcription of many of the stimulatory elements. PEPCK activity is also inhibited by hydrazine sulfate, and the inhibition therefore decreases the rate of gluconeogenesis.
In prolonged acidosis, PEPCK-C is upregulated in renal proximal tubule brush border cells, in order to secrete more NH3 and thus to produce more HCO3−.
The GTP-specific activity of PEPCK is highest when Mn2+ and Mg2+ are available. In addition, hyper-reactive cysteine (C307) is involved in the binding of Mn2+ to the active site.
Plants
As discussed previously, PEPCK abundance increased when plants were watered with low-pH ammonium chloride, though high pH did not have this effect.
Classification
It is classified under EC number 4.1.1. There are three main types, distinguished by the source of the energy to drive the reaction:
4.1.1.32 – GTP (PCK1, PCK2)
4.1.1.38 – diphosphate
4.1.1.49 – ATP
References
External links
"mighty mice" (PEPCK-Cmus mice) https://web.archive.org/web/20071107175951/http://blog.case.edu/case-news/2007/11/02/mightymouse
EC 4.1.1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate%20carboxykinase |
Juniperus procera (known by the common English names African juniper, African pencil-cedar, East African juniper, East African-cedar, and Kenya-cedar) is a coniferous tree native to mountainous areas in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is a characteristic tree of the Afromontane flora.
Description
Juniperus procera is a medium-sized tree reaching (rarely ) tall, with a trunk up to diameter and a broadly conical to rounded or irregular crown. The leaves are of two forms, juvenile needle-like leaves long on seedlings, and adult scale-leaves 0.5–3 mm long on older plants, arranged in decussate pairs or whorls of three. It is largely dioecious with separate male and female plants, but some individual plants produce both sexes. The cones are berry-like, 4–8 mm in diameter, blue-black with a whitish waxy bloom, and contain 2–5 seeds; they mature in 12–18 months. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and shed their pollen in early spring.
Distribution
Juniperus procera is native to the Arabian Peninsula (in Saudi Arabia and Yemen), and northeastern, eastern, west-central, and south tropical Africa (in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Somalia, Somaliland, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe).
It is the only juniper to occur south of the equator, and is thought to be a relatively recent colonist of Africa; the species shows very little of the variability associated with a long period of evolution. It is closely related to Juniperus excelsa from southwestern Asia, probably deriving from a common ancestor with that species in southwestern Asia.
Taxonomy
According to Tropicos, Juniperus procera was originally described and published in Synopsis Coniferarum 1847. The type specimen was collected from Ethiopia, by "Schimper" (possibly Wilhelm Philipp Schimper, but there were other contemporary collectors with this surname).
Uses
It is an important timber tree, used for building houses, poles, and furniture. The bark is used for beehives.
References
Further reading
Adams, R. P. (2004). Junipers of the World: The genus Juniperus. Victoria: Trafford.
External links
This wonderful plant is hard to find in this country Category:Flora of Northeast Tropical Africa]]
Flora of East Tropical Africa
Flora of South Tropical Africa
Flora of Saudi Arabia
Trees of the Arabian Peninsula
Trees of Ethiopia
Trees of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Ethiopian Highlands
Plants described in 1847
Dioecious plants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniperus%20procera |
Håvard Klemetsen (born 5 January 1979) is a Norwegian former Nordic combined skier who has competed since 2002, representing Kautokeino I.L. He debuted in the World Cup in 2003. He has four 4 x 5 km team medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a gold in 2005 and bronze in 2007 and twice in 2011. Klemetsen also finished 20th in the 15 km individual event at the 2005 championships.
Klemetsen finished 20th in the 15 km individual at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. His best individual career finish was second in a 7.5 km sprint event in Park City, Utah in the United States in 2002.
In April 2017, he announced his retirement from sport.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from Kautokeino
Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers
Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Norway
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in Nordic combined
Sportspeople from Troms og Finnmark
21st-century Norwegian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5vard%20Klemetsen |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (ATP) (, phosphopyruvate carboxylase (ATP), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, phosphopyruvate carboxykinase (adenosine triphosphate), PEP carboxylase, PEP carboxykinase, PEPCK (ATP), PEPK, PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvic carboxykinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ATP), phosphopyruvate carboxykinase, ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating)) is an enzyme with systematic name ATP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
ATP + oxaloacetate ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
See also
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
References
External links
EC 4.1.1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate%20carboxykinase%20%28ATP%29 |
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (diphosphate) () is an enzyme with systematic name diphosphate:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase (transphosphorylating; phosphoenolpyruvate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
diphosphate + oxaloacetate phosphate + phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2
This enzyme also catalyses the reaction:
phosphoenolpyruvate + GTP + CO2 pyruvate + GDP.
It is transcriptionally upregulated in the liver by glucagon.
See also
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
References
External links
EC 4.1.1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoenolpyruvate%20carboxykinase%20%28diphosphate%29 |
Charles John Phipps (25 March 1835 – 25 May 1897) was an English architect known for more than 50 theatres he designed in the latter half of the 19th century, including several important ones in London. He is noted for his design of the Theatre Royal, Exeter, which caught fire in 1887, killing 186 visitors.
Biography
Born in Bath, Phipps married Honnor Hicks on 10 April 1860. The couple had two sons and three daughters.
Phipps's first major work was the rebuilding of Theatre Royal, Bath in 1862/3, after the old theatre had been destroyed by fire. Moving to London, he quickly established himself as the leading theatrical architect, building, in rapid succession, the Queen's Theatre (1867), the Gaiety Theatre (1868), the Olympic Theatre (1870) and the Vaudeville Theatre (1871). His early work, especially the Gaiety, inspired a young Frank Matcham, who was impressed at Phipps's ability to build a normal-sized theatre on a small, awkward plot.
Phipps designed the Gaiety Theatre, Dublin for John and Michael Gunn, opened in November 1871. Phipps's Savoy Theatre (1881), a state-of-the-art facility, was the first public building in the world lit entirely by electric light. Other major London theatres included the Strand (1882), the Prince's (1884), the Lyric (1888), the original Shaftesbury Theatre (1888), the Garrick (1889), the Tivoli (1890), Daly's (1893) and Her Majesty's Theatre (1897).
In addition to Phipps's London theatres, he was responsible for over forty theatres in the provinces. He also designed Leinster Hall in Dublin for Michael Gunn (opened in 1886 and closed in 1895), the Star and Garter Hotel at Richmond (demolished in 1919) and the Savoy Turkish Bath. Phipps was chosen to design the Royal Institute of British Architects’ own premises at 9 Conduit Street. The building is still there, though no longer occupied by the RIBA (now in Portland Place) and is considered by some to reflect the influence of the architect's native town. He was a fellow (1866) of the Royal Institute of British Architects, serving on its council in 1875–6, and also of the Society of Antiquaries.
Phipps died on 25 May 1897, aged 62, and is buried in a family grave on the east side of Highgate Cemetery.
Blame for deaths at Exeter fire
Phipps designed the Theatre Royal, Exeter, which opened in 1886. In 1887, during a performance, a gauze curtain caught fire from a gas lamp lighting the stage. The resulting fire claimed the lives of 186 visitors and remains the worst theatre-related disaster, and third most deadly fire in UK history. There were two inquiries into the disaster, both of which placed significant blame on Phipps:
A coroner's inquest was opened on 21 September 1887 before a coroner's jury. The magistrates who issued the premises licence had noted only a single exit from the gallery (where the majority of the deaths occurred) where there should have been two, but Phipps persuaded them that people climbing the railing at the front of the balcony and dropping to the Upper Circle below was a suitable and effective second exit. The verdict was of accidental death, but the coroner's jury found that the magistrates had been misled by Phipps and suggested that a licence should never have been issued. The coroner's jury noted that a safety curtain and fire hydrant were specified in the theatre's plans, but had not yet been installed in the building. They also criticised the lack of ceiling height above the gallery, which gave people less time to escape before being overcome by smoke.
A separate parliamentary inquiry was carried out by Captain Eyre Massey Shaw, the Chief Officer of the Metropolitan Fire Brigade. Shaw's report was also critical of Phipps and his design. Phipps attended the inquest and was "vigorous" and "sarcastic" in his defence of his work, pointing out that a number of elements in his plans had been changed or ignored during construction. The jury in this case also returned a verdict of accidental death. Ultimately, Shaw was able to use the results of the fire to bring about stricter theatre regulations, including the requirement for a safety curtain.
Theatres
Among the theatres Phipps designed, or co-designed, are:
Theatre Royal, Bath (1862/3)
Theatre Royal, Nottingham (1865)
Theatre Royal, Brighton (1866)
Queen's Theatre, Long Acre (1867)
Prince's Theatre, Bristol (1867)
Gaiety Theatre, London (1868)
Olympic Theatre (1870)
Varieties Music Hall, Hoxton (1870), demolished c. 1980
Vaudeville Theatre, London (1871)
Gaiety Theatre, Dublin (1871)
Tivoli Theatre, Aberdeen (1872)
Sadler's Wells Theatre, London (1879, completely rebuilt in 1931)
Theatre Royal, Glasgow (1880 and 1895), the largest surviving example of his work
Theatre Royal, Belfast (1881), demolished 1961
Savoy Theatre, London (1881), rebuilt 1929
Royal Strand Theatre (1882) demolished 1905
Royal Lyceum Theatre, Edinburgh (1883)
Royal Hippodrome Theatre (originally Theatre Royal and Opera House), Eastbourne (1883)
Prince's Theatre, London (1884) also known as the Prince of Wales Theatre; demolished 1934
Royal Theatre, Northampton (1884)
Theatre Royal, Portsmouth (1884)
Theatre Royal, Exeter (1886)
Lyric Theatre, London (1888)
Original Shaftesbury Theatre (1888)
Garrick Theatre, London, with Walter Emden (1889)
Tivoli Theatre of Varieties, London (1890), demolished 1957
Queen's Hall (1893), preliminary designs only, bombed in 1941
Daly's Theatre (1893), demolished
Grand Theatre, Wolverhampton (1894)
Toole's Theatre (1895), never built
Her Majesty's Theatre, London (1897)
Gallery of architectural work
References
Attribution
Sources
Guide to British Theatres 1750–1950, John Earl and Michael Sell pp. 279–82 (Theatres Trust, 2000)
External links
University of Bristol Theatre Collection, University of Bristol
English theatre architects
1835 births
1897 deaths
Burials at Highgate Cemetery
Architects from Bath, Somerset
19th-century English architects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20J.%20Phipps |
The list of hurricanes in Canada refers to any tropical cyclone originating in the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean affecting the country of Canada. Canada is usually only hit with weak storms, due to the generally cool waters immediately offshore. However, some hurricanes can strike the area full force as the warm Gulf Stream extends fairly close to Atlantic Canada. Due to the cool waters for a great distance from the Pacific coast of Canada, there has never been a storm of any intensity to directly affect the Pacific coast. On occasion tropical systems can transition into, or be absorbed by, non-tropical systems that strongly affect western Canada, most notably by the remnants of Typhoon Freda that were absorbed by the Columbus Day Storm of 1962.
According to the Canadian Hurricane Centre, Hurricane Ella of 1978 is the strongest tropical cyclone in Canadian waters, passing approximately south of Halifax, Nova Scotia as a Category 4 hurricane. Despite this however, Ella did not make landfall. The strongest hurricane to make landfall in Canada was Hurricane Ginny of 1963, which had winds of and a minimum pressure of , making it a Category 2 hurricane at the time of its landfall near Yarmouth, Nova Scotia.
All tropical cyclones that either made a direct landfall in Canada, or made a notable close approach while so classified are included below. Sometimes, a hurricane will make landfall in the United States and continue northward to dissipate over (or partially over) Canada. Only a handful of storms that have taken this path were devastating in Canada. Two examples of this include the 1900 Galveston hurricane and Hurricane Hazel in 1954. Systems that entered Canada from the U.S. after landfall are omitted from these lists, exceptions being devastating, or notable cyclones. Many extratropical remnants of tropical cyclones have entered Canada. They are not included in this list unless they were particularly notable. This article also includes hurricanes that affected Newfoundland prior to its entry into Canada in 1949, and hurricanes that affected any Canadian provinces before confederation in 1867.
List of tropical cyclones
Pre-1900
Many tropical storms and hurricanes struck present-day Canada during this time. The most damaging one struck Newfoundland in September 1775, killing thousands. To shorten this particular list, insignificant tropical storms and depressions are omitted.
September 9, 1775: The 1775 Newfoundland hurricane killed over 4,000 in Newfoundland. Not only is it the earliest recorded Canadian hurricane, it is also by far the deadliest.
October 10–11, 1804: The 1804 Snow hurricane unusually blanketed parts of Canada with snow after striking New England.
August 23, 1863: A Category 1 hurricane hit Nova Scotia just before losing tropical characteristics.
September 23–24, 1866: A hurricane hit Newfoundland after weakening from a Category 2 hurricane.
October 5, 1869: The 1869 Saxby Gale struck Canada's Bay of Fundy region damaging parts of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, killing 37 people offshore.
October 13, 1871: A hurricane hit Nova Scotia.
August 26, 1873: The Nova Scotia Hurricane of 1873 drifted south of Nova Scotia as a Category 3 hurricane. It weakened to a Category 1 before slowly making landfall in Newfoundland. It was a devastating hurricane that killed over 600. Damage in Nova Scotia was severe. It destroyed over 1,200 boats and over 900 homes and businesses. This is one of Nova Scotia's worst cyclones.
October 1882: Remnants of a hurricane hit Labrador, resulting in 140 deaths.
August 26, 1883: A Category 1 hurricane passed offshore Newfoundland, resulting in 80 deaths.
August 23, 1886: A major hurricane weakened to a Category 1 hurricane before crossing Newfoundland as a hurricane.
September 8, 1891: A hurricane struck both Nova Scotia and Newfoundland as a Category 1 hurricane.
August 18, 1893: A hurricane struck Newfoundland with winds.
1900–1949
September 12–14, 1900: After leaving behind a trail of devastation in the United States, the 1900 Galveston hurricane affected six Canadian provinces as a powerful extratropical cyclone, killing 52–232 people, mainly due to shipwrecks.
August 8, 1926: The 1926 Nova Scotia hurricane made landfall in Nova Scotia as an extratropical storm, killing 55–58 people.
August 24, 1927: The 1927 Nova Scotia hurricane made landfall in Nova Scotia as a Category 2 hurricane with winds, causing immense damage, reaching $1.6 million (1927 USD), and killed 172–193 people.
August 26, 1935: A Category 1 hurricane strikes Newfoundland as an extratropical storm, resulting in major damage and at least 50 offshore deaths.
September 26, 1937: The extratropical remnant of a hurricane caused damage in Nova Scotia. The storm was moving swiftly, so most of the damage was strictly wind related.
September 21, 1938: The 1938 New England hurricane tracked into Canada, bringing strong winds to eastern Ontario and southern Quebec. Damage was primarily limited to trees and power lines; structural damage was minimal. This storm, along with Hurricane Hazel in 1954, was one of the few hurricanes to cause hurricane-force winds in Canada's interior.
October 18, 1939: After a long respite from hurricanes in Newfoundland, a hurricane struck the island as a Category 1 hurricane. No one died, but considerable damage was done to trees, boats, and buildings.
September 17, 1940: The 1940 Nova Scotia hurricane struck Nova Scotia as a Category 1 hurricane before weakening.
1950–1999
August 21, 1950: Hurricane Able struck Nova Scotia as a strong tropical storm, causing only minor damage.
October 5, 1950: Hurricane George passed a few miles south as a tropical/extratropical storm.
February 5, 1952: The 1952 Groundhog Day tropical storm, affected New Brunswick before dissipating.
September 7, 1953: Hurricane Carol struck the New Brunswick/Nova Scotia border. It caused about $1 million in damage, mainly to boats and fish craft.
October 16, 1954: Hurricane Hazel moved into Ontario as a powerful extratropical storm (still of hurricane intensity) after having struck the Carolinas. Flash flooding from Hazel in Canada destroyed twenty bridges, killed 81 people, and left over 2,000 families homeless. In all, Hazel killed nearly 100 people and caused almost $630 million (2005 CAD) in damages (on top of over 500 other deaths and billions in damage in the US and Caribbean). No other recent natural disaster on Canadian soil has been so deadly. Floods killed 35 people on a single street in Toronto.
August 23, 1955: Hurricane Connie – When the remnants of Connie entered Ontario as a tropical depression, it continued to produce winds of up to , and the storm dropped of rainfall near the Great Lakes. In Burlington, 27 boats were destroyed, and one person drowned in Lake Erie after his boat sank. Two other people drowned in the province. Connie destroyed six houses and damaged several others due to high waves.
September 29, 1958: Hurricane Helene struck Newfoundland as a hurricane. Although not very damaging in Canada, Helene did destroy a wharf carrying many lobster traps out to sea.
June 19, 1959: The 1959 Escuminac Hurricane was a devastating hurricane that hit Nova Scotia. 22 boats were lost during the storm. In all the hurricane killed 35. The hurricane was so devastating, a monument was erected on Escuminac Harbour in memory of those lost.
July 12, 1959: Tropical Storm Cindy struck north of Nova Scotia as an extratropical cyclone.
October 10, 1961: Hurricane Frances reached hurricane status on October 4 and on October 7, attained its peak intensity with winds of 130 mph (210 km/h) and a minimum barometric pressure of 948 mbar (28.0 inHg). Frances passed by Bermuda around that time, where it dropped 1.35 inches (34 mm) of precipitation. On October 8, the storm became extratropical as it approached the Gulf of Maine. The remnants curved east-northeastward and struck Nova Scotia, before dissipating early on October 10.
October 8, 1962: Hurricane Daisy struck Nova Scotia as a hurricane, near the same area as Frances a year earlier, which struck the area while extratropical.
October 12, 1962: Typhoon Freda struck British Columbia as a very powerful extratropical cyclone with pressure equivalent to a Major Hurricane.
October 29, 1963: Hurricane Ginny struck Nova Scotia as a strong Category 2 hurricane, the strongest to ever make landfall in Canada. Ginny was unusual in the fact that the hurricane produced snow.
October 24, 1964: Hurricane Gladys dissipated near the coast of Newfoundland just after making landfall.
August 16, 1971: Hurricane Beth struck Nova Scotia as a minimal hurricane, bringing over of rainfall.
July 7, 1973: Hurricane Alice side-swiped the entire western coast of Newfoundland as a tropical storm before dissipating over Newfoundland.
July 28, 1975: Hurricane Blanche struck Nova Scotia as a tropical storm, dropping over of rainfall.
October 25, 1979: A subtropical storm (known as a subtropical "storm" but was actually a subtropical "hurricane" having reached winds while subtropical) struck Newfoundland as a subtropical storm after losing hurricane strength.
August 7–8, 1988: Tropical Storm Alberto, the furthest north forming tropical storm ever recorded in the Atlantic, struck the Canadian Maritimes and became extratropical over Newfoundland. Alberto was the first storm with a masculine name to directly strike Canada.
August 8, 1989: Hurricane Dean passed over Newfoundland before losing tropical characteristics.
August 2, 1990: Hurricane Bertha's extratropical remnants damaged crops and a suspension bridge in Prince Edward Island.
November 2, 1991: The 1991 unnamed hurricane, although staying mostly out to sea, made landfall in Nova Scotia as a tropical storm. The storm was not very damaging in Canada, but caused horrendous damage elsewhere.
July 9, 1995: Tropical Storm Barry hit Nova Scotia while tropical with no known damage.
September 11, 1995: Hurricane Luis, after raging through the Leeward Islands, turned towards Newfoundland on September 8. The Canadian Hurricane Centre issued bulletins on the powerful hurricane as it neared the province. Luis struck a sparsely populated area in eastern Newfoundland on September 11, dropping of rain in the Avalon Peninsula without causing much damage. One was reported killed in Canada from Luis.
July 14, 1996: Hurricane Bertha struck Newfoundland before dissipating, but passed from Maine to New Brunswick earlier in its life, dropping over of rain in New Brunswick.
September 13–15, 1996: Hurricane Huron, an unusual storm over the Great Lakes which may have briefly been a tropical or subtropical cyclone, dropped over of rain over parts of Ontario.
September 15, 1996: Hurricane Hortense, the first hurricane to directly strike Nova Scotia while at hurricane strength since Blanche in 1975, struck the Nova Scotian coast as a Category 1 hurricane. $3 million were inflicted to Nova Scotia by Hortense after strong winds, heavy rain, and power outages.
September 18, 1999: Hurricane Floyd struck the Canadian Maritimes after losing tropical characteristics. Despite high interest in Floyd by the CHC, little damage was inflicted in Canada. Floyd did, however, bring winds of and high seas.
2000–present
October 20, 2000: Hurricane Michael struck Harbour Breton as a Category 1 hurricane. A peak gust was recorded of nearly , as well as a peak wave height of over that was recorded off the coast by Buoy 44193. Overall damage by Michael was light.
October 15, 2001: Hurricane Karen brought beneficial rain after striking Liverpool, Nova Scotia. Winds there only gusted to about , and little damage was reported.
September 12, 2002: Hurricane Gustav struck Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, both as a Category 1 hurricane. Gustav brought hurricane-force winds to Nova Scotia and dropped at least of rain across all Nova Scotian sites. The highest rainfall amount was in Ashdale.
September 29, 2003: Hurricane Juan was at the time Atlantic Canada's most destructive hurricane in over a century. Juan killed 8 and caused over $200 million in damage. Power outages in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island left over 300,000 Canadians without power for two weeks. Many marinas were destroyed and many small fish craft were damaged or sank. Hurricane-force gusts were reported as far out as on either side of Juan at landfall with an astounding peak gust of (equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane) recorded in Halifax Harbour, although it was a Category 2 at landfall with sustained winds.
September 17, 2005: Hurricane Ophelia, after stalling for several days off the coast of the southeastern states, raced up the Atlantic coast. On the 17th, Ophelia became extratropical and moved parallel to the Nova Scotian coast, never making landfall. Ophelia later struck Newfoundland. Although strong winds were forecast, they did not occur and overall damage was less than expected. One indirect death was reported from Ophelia in Canada.
November 3, 2006: the 2006 Central Pacific cyclone, after developing in the north-central Pacific, the system weakened and made landfall on the Olympic Peninsula of Washington State, though it did bring heavy rainfall to Vancouver Island. The exact nature of this storm is debatable, but it appears to have been a tropical or subtropical cyclone for at least a portion of its life. Nonetheless, this cyclone is not included in any archives of the National Hurricane Center, though it was classified as extra-tropical by the Canadian Hurricane Centre.
November 6–7, 2007: Hurricane Noel, after gaining hurricane-force winds north of the Bahama Islands, Noel moved north toward the Cape Cod region of the Massachusetts U.S. coast. After swiping southeast Massachusetts with hurricane-force winds, the system transitioned to an extratropical stage at which time the storm slightly intensified and moved north-northeast to the Nova Scotia coast near Yarmouth. Full hurricane-force conditions occurred over much of southeastern and eastern areas of Nova Scotia from Yarmouth north and eastward to the metropolitan Halifax area(84 mph recorded at McNabs/Halifax). This very same area reported large-scale power and utility line damage as well as widespread tree damage. In areas south of Halifax the tree damage was more severe than that which had occurred during Hurricane Juan in 2003. This was due to the longer transition over the southern peninsula of Nova Scotia than that of Juan. Though at Category 1 status, Noel in its extratropical stage was responsible for coastal damage to some structures from waves and tides and wind damage to roofing and windows. Western areas of Nova Scotia, even well inland received strong gales, the strongest of which occurred in relation to a tropical system since hurricanes Gerda of 1969 and Ginny of 1963.
September 28, 2008: Hurricane Kyle, after forming as a tropical storm just east of the Bahamas, headed north, making landfall in Nova Scotia as a Category 1 hurricane, causing power outages to 40,000 and $9 million in damage.
August 23, 2009: Hurricane Bill, a Cape Verde hurricane, brushed by Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia causing up to 2.3 in of rain. 32,000 residences were reported to have lost power in addition to winds recorded up to 50 mph. Bill then made landfall at Point Rosie, on the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland.
September 3, 2010: Hurricane Earl made landfall at Western Head, Nova Scotia as a minimal hurricane. Earl produced sustained winds throughout Nova Scotia, which resulted in widespread power outages, fallen trees, and minor coastal flooding. After crossing Nova Scotia, Earl sped across Prince Edward Island before emerging into the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. As the storm tracked through the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, western and northern Newfoundland experienced sustained tropical storm conditions. Earl finally transitioned into a non-tropical low approximately northeast of Anticosti Island.
September 21, 2010: Hurricane Igor struck Cape Race, Newfoundland as a large Category 1 hurricane, resulting in major flooding and widespread power outages. Many communities were forced to declare a state of emergency, and some evacuated completely as the storm approached. Igor was unusual in that it restrengthened somewhat during its final approach despite being over cool water. As the storm made landfall near Cape Race, maximum sustained winds were estimated to be at least , but gusts up to were reported. Hurricane Igor produced hurricane conditions throughout the Avalon Peninsula and tropical storm conditions over the remainder of the island. Media outlets have stated that Igor was the worst hurricane to hit Newfoundland in a century. Impacts to Newfoundland were estimated to be US$200 million
August 28, 2011: Hurricane Irene crossed into Canada as an extratropical storm bringing heavy rain and strong winds to parts of Quebec and New Brunswick. Parts of New Brunswick received over 80mm of rain and wind gusts peaked at 93 km/h in Moncton.
September 16, 2011: Hurricane Maria made landfall near the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland. Due to Maria's rapid forward speed (90+ km/h), rainfall totals were kept to a minimum and strong winds remained offshore, confined to the eastern semi-circle. As a result, little damage occurred.
September 26, 2011: Typhoon Roke's remnants brought rain to British Columbia.
October 3, 2011: Hurricane Ophelia made landfall near the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland as a strong extratropical cyclone, damaging drainage infrastructure that had been repaired after Hurricane Igor a year earlier.
September 11, 2012: Hurricane Leslie made landfall on the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland as a hurricane-strength post-tropical cyclone. Leslie's track put the Avalon Peninsula in the right-front quadrant, resulting in hurricane-force winds, widespread power outages, and structural damage.
October 29–30, 2012: Hurricane Sandy crossed into Canada on October 29 through to early October 30, bringing heavy rain, high winds, and in some places, snow, to Ontario, Quebec and the Maritimes.
July 5, 2014: Hurricane Arthur made landfall in south western Nova Scotia on July 5, 2014. The storm at the time was downgraded to a tropical storm. Arthur brought heavy rain, winds and pounding surf to parts of the Atlantic Coast of Nova Scotia. The strong storm dropped nearly 150 mm of rain to parts to New Brunswick. It cut power to 1/3 of the Nova Scotia households and 65% of New Brunswick.
October 10, 2016: Hurricane Matthew's remnants affected Nova Scotia and Newfoundland causing heavy rain and strong winds In Nova Scotia, rain amounts were recorded from east to west as in Sydney (Cape Breton Island), in Port Hawkesbury. More than 100,000+ Nova Scotia Power customers lost power.
September 7–8, 2019: The post-tropical system that was once Hurricane Dorian made landfall in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island with hurricane-force winds and Newfoundland with tropical storm-force winds.
July 11, 2020: Tropical Storm Fay hit Canada as a 40 mph tropical cyclone. It was over Quebec for 3 hours before dissipating.
August 5-6, 2020: Hurricane Isaias became an extratropical low as it crossed into southeastern Quebec from Vermont, causing minimal effects in the province.
September 22–23, 2020: Hurricane Teddy made landfall on Nova Scotia and Newfoundland as a quickly weakening post-tropical storm and did little to no damage to the provinces.
September 10–11, 2021: Hurricane Larry struck South East Bight, Newfoundland as a Category 1 hurricane.
September 10–12, 2022: Hurricane Earl impacted Newfoundland with its outer bands, causing flooding and damages. However, no fatalities were reported in the area.
September 24–25, 2022: Hurricane Fiona made landfall in Whitehead, Nova Scotia as a post-tropical cyclone with Category 2 force winds of 170 km/h. Fiona is the strongest storm to ever impact Canada as measured by barometric pressure. Hart Island, NS recorded a pressure reading of 931.6 millibars, which shattered the previous record of 940.2 millibars at St. Anthony, Newfoundland on Jan. 20, 1977. Fiona caused catastrophic damage to electrical infrastructure, which Nova Scotia Power described as five times worse than the damage caused by Hurricane Dorian, which in 2019 was considered the most damaging storm in the utilities history. The storm was vast in size and the damaging winds extended well from its center, causing damage across all four Atlantic Provinces and the Magdalen Islands. Storm surge caused homes to be washed out to sea in Channel-Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and severe coastal erosion occurred along the northern coastline of Prince Edward Island. A total of three deaths were attributed to the storm in Atlantic Canada. The storm also caused extensive damage to forests across the region, particularly in Eastern Nova Scotia and Cape Breton Island with thousands of trees downed. Insured losses from Fiona in Canada are estimated to be at least $800 million CAD (US$600 million), with the total damage expected to be significantly higher, making Fiona the costliest hurricane in Canadian history and the costliest natural disaster in Atlantic Canada history.
January 16, 2023: An unnamed subtropical storm, operationally considered non-tropical by the NHC, brought wind gusts of near to Nova Scotia's Sable Island on the night of January 16, while moving northward toward the Cabot Strait. This prompted Environment Canada to issue wind warnings for parts of Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. The next day, it made landfall at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, as a weakening storm, then soon became a post-tropical low, before dissipating over far eastern Quebec the next day.
September 16–17, 2023: Hurricane Lee traversed each province in Atlantic Canada as a extratropical cyclone.
Tables
See also
List of New England hurricanes
List of Newfoundland hurricanes
List of Atlantic hurricane records
Lists of Atlantic hurricanes
References
Canada
Hurricanes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hurricanes%20in%20Canada |
Maissemy is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.
Administration
Population
See also
Communes of the Aisne department
References
Communes of Aisne
Aisne communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maissemy |
The fifth generation of the BMW 7 Series consists of the BMW F01 (sedan version) and BMW F02 (long-wheelbase sedan version) full-size luxury sedans. The F01/F02 generation was produced by BMW from 2008 to 2015 and is often collectively referred to as the F01.
The F01 was the first BMW vehicle to be available with a hybrid drivetrain, an 8-speed automatic transmission and a turbocharged V12 engine. It was the second 7 Series to be available with a turbocharged petrol engine (the first being the European E23 745i), and all-wheel drive (xDrive). The wheelbase was increased by 8 cm over the outgoing 7 Series. Other model codes used for this generation were F03 for the "High Security 7 Series" armoured car and F04 for the "ActiveHybrid 7" hybrid-electric model.
In July 2015, the BMW 7 Series (G11) began production as the successor to the F01.
Development and launch
The car's exterior was designed by Lebanese automotive designer Karim Habib. The styling retained some elements from its E65 7 Series predecessor but was a less controversial approach. The headlamps were reminiscent to the E65 but were smaller and sleeker. The car incorporated a wider and bigger kidney grille that went deeper into the front apron for a more aggressive appearance. The F01 7 Series was larger than its predecessor adding to the overall length and to the wheelbase while gaining more weight.
The car was first revealed to the public in the Red Square in Moscow (Russia) on 8 July 2008. Other launch events included the Paris Motor Show in October and the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November.
Equipment
The F01 was available with rear-wheel steering (Integral Active Steering), all-wheel drive (xDrive), eight speed automatic transmission, pedestrian recognition for the night vision feature, blind spot monitoring, massage function for the rear seats and the radar cruise control system was now able to completely stop the car and accelerate from a standstill (Active Cruise Control with Stop and Go).
Side cameras were fitted in the front bumper to assist with merging and exiting narrow spaces. By combining these cameras with the front and rear cameras, the F01 can display a virtual overhead graphic of the car to assist with parking. The instrument cluster has an LCD backdrop (with the gauge needles and rings still present as physical objects), allowing various graphics to be shown. A lane departure warning system - as fitted to the E60 5 Series since 2007 - was also available for the first time in a 7 Series.
Departures from the non-traditional interior design of the E65 include the transmission shifter being relocated to the centre console (previously a stalk on the steering column) and the seat controls being relocated to the outside edge of the seat base (previously located in the centre console).
Engines
Official specifications are as follows.
Petrol engines
* Top speed is electronically limited.
** The V12 engine for the F01 760i/Li was redesigned as a twin-turbocharged 6.0L (codenamed N74) in order to maintain a performance advantage over the 750i, which utilised a turbocharged V8 engine. In some markets, the V12 engine was only available in the long-wheelbase model.
Diesel engines
* Top speed is electronically limited.
Special Models
High Security (F03)
The 750Li High Security and 760Li High Security models are the first cars to be certified with BRV 2009 and VR7 ballistics protection ratings. Security upgrades include undercarriage armour, thick multi-layer laminated glass and armour plating on the doors, roof, body pillars, front footwell and rear bulkhead. Due to the added weight of the security upgrades, suspension components such as the shock absorbers and strut tops were upgraded. Options included an intercom system between the passengers and the driver, an alarm, a fire extinguisher with temperature sensor, irritant gas sensors (to warn of dangerous gasses in the passenger area), a fresh-air supply system and a compartment for two machine guns in the centre console.
The High Security models were unveiled in GPEC 2012.
ActiveHybrid 7 (F04) (2010–2015)
The ActiveHybrid 7 was the first BMW vehicle to use a hybrid drivetrain. The concept was unveiled as the Concept 7 Series ActiveHybrid at the 2008 Paris Motor Show and the 2008 Los Angeles International Auto Show. The production version was unveiled at the 2009 Frankfurt Auto Show, and shown again later at the Monaco Yacht Show 2010.
The production version called the ActiveHybrid 7 uses the engine from the 750i plus an electric motor rated at and of torque. The electric motor is integrated into the transmission housing, replacing the alternator and the starter. The battery is a lithium-ion type and located under the boot floor. Other features include an auto start/stop system and an 8-speed automatic transmission. The hybrid system was based on the 2-mode hybrid from Daimler AG. The regenerative braking unit includes 12 V Absorbent Glass Mat batteries, running in parallel to a 120 V electrical network for electric motor. BMW claims it improved fuel consumption and reduced emissions by 15% over the non-hybrid model.
The wheelbase of the ActiveHybrid 7 is extended by and the car weighs more than a regular 750i.
The car's exterior profile was designed by Karim Habib, Team Leader, Advanced Design for BMW in Munich, Germany.
The fuel economy benefits of the ActiveHybrid 7 were questioned by reviewers, since the EPA consumption ratings of city and are not significantly better than the significantly cheaper 740i model's ratings of city and highway. The contemporary 740i was powered by a conventional petrol engine (the turbocharged N54 six-cylinder). The 740i has less weight than the 750i over the front axle.
In late 2012, the ActiveHybrid 7's powertrain was significantly changed, switching from the 750i's turbocharged 4.4 litre V8 engine to the turbocharged 3.0 litre six-cylinder engine from the 740i. The electric motor was upgraded to . The 2012–2015 ActiveHybrid 7 was only available as a long-wheelbase model. Fuel economy was significantly improved for the updated drivetrain, which was rated at city and highway.
Alpina B7
The Alpina B7 is based on the 750i and began production for the 2011 model year. The vehicle was unveiled in 2010 Chicago Auto Show, and went on sale in Spring of 2010. Production version went on sale as 2011 model year vehicle. The Alpina B7's engine is assembled by hand at Alpina's facility in Buchloe, Germany, before being shipped to BMW for installation, and the assembled vehicle is then sent back to Alpina for finishing touches.
In the 2010–2012 B7, Alpina's variant of the N63 twin-turbocharged 4.4-litre V8 engine rated at and , with the same fuel economy figures as the regular 750i. Compared with the regular N63 engine, the Alpina variant includes high-performance pistons, strengthened cylinder heads, an additional radiator and external coolers for the engine oil and transmission oil. Larger and lighter turbochargers are fitted and boost pressure is increased from to . The F01/F02 B7 marks the first time that BMW M and Alpina used the same type of forced-induction for their engines; Alpina's engine has less horsepower but more torque than the S63 variant used in the F10 M5.
The transmission is a ZF 6HP26 6-speed automatic with heavy-duty gears, and the B7 includes a strengthened drive shaft, differential and rear axles. The B7 also features a choice of regular or long-wheelbase and/or rear-wheel drive or xDrive.
In late 2012, the B7 received a mid-life update in line with other models of the 7 Series. The updated B7 was unveiled at the Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance in August 2012 and went on-sale immediately thereafter. Power output increased to , and top speed increased to ( on xDrive models).
In North America, the BMW Alpina B7 is officially sold by BMW and have BMW VINs, whereas the Alpina B7 BiTurbo sold in Europe and Japan are sold as vehicles manufactured by Alpina.
Prince Albert II limousine
In 2011, a limited production (200 units) version of BMW 7 Series limousines were supplied by BMW for the wedding of Albert II, Prince of Monaco, and Charlene Wittstock. The car was based on the 740Li.
Transmissions
The F01 was produced with the following transmissions:
6-speed automatic ZF 6HP19
6-speed automatic ZF 6HP26
8-speed automatic ZF 8HP70
8-speed automatic ZF 8HP90
All models from 2009 through 2012 were equipped with the 6-speed automatic transmission with Steptronic function, except for the 760i/Li which had the 8-speed automatic transmission with Steptronic. For the 2013-15 model years, all the other models received the 8-speed automatic transmission with Steptronic.
Model year changes
Most changes occur in September each year, when the changes for the following model year go into production, as is typical BMW practice. Therefore, the changes for 2009 represent the 2010 model year, for example:
2008
Launch model range consists of petrol models 740i, 750i and 750Li, and the diesel 730d.
2009
All-wheel drive becomes available for a 7 Series for the first time, in the form of the 750i xDrive and 750Li models.
The V12-engined 760i/Li flagship models are added to the range.
740d model introduced in autumn.
M Sport Package introduced.
Sales begin in the United States, initially with the 750i and 750Li models.
Long-wheelbase 730Li model goes on sale, for Asian markets only.
2010
ActiveHybrid 7 and ActiveHybrid 7L models introduced. These initial hybrid models use a turbocharged 4.4 litre V8 engine with a electric motor.
740d xDrive model introduced in September 2010.
Optional comfort seats in the rear compartment are now also available in a three-seat version.
Alpina B7 (rear-wheel drive) and B7X (all-wheel drive) models introduced.
740i and 740Li models become available in the United States, the first six-cylinder 7-Series to be sold in the United States since 1992.
2013 facelift
The F01 facelift (also known as LCI) models began production in July 2012 and were sold as the 2013 model year cars. The facelift models were unveiled at the 2012 Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance, and shown at the 2012 Monaco Yacht Show.
Changes include:
8-speed automatic transmission becomes standard equipment.
ActiveHybrid 7 model switches from N63 V8 engine to N55 six-cylinder engine, and a more powerful electric motor was used.
750i/Li and Alpina B7 engine upgraded from N63 to N63TU (N63B44O1), which added variable valve lift ("Valvetronic").
740i/Li engine upgraded from N54 to N55, which added variable valve lift ("Valvetronic") and switched to a single twin-scroll turbocharger.
740i/Li became available with all-wheel drive (xDrive).
750d/Ld model introduced, powered by the triple-turbo N57S six-cylinder diesel engine.
730d and 740d/Ld engines upgraded from N57 to N57TU (N57D30O1), increasing output by up to and .
730i model discontinued.
Full-LED headlamps.
Revised kidney grille and front spoiler.
Upgrade of the LCD dashboard's graphics ("Full Black Panel Display") and the gauge needles are now shown electronically, replacing the traditional physical needles. The information available to be displayed on the dashboard was increased.
Self-levelling air suspension at the rear became standard.
Night vision upgraded to include an automatic spotlight which targets pedestrians, to warn the driver about their presence ("Dynamic Light Spot").
Automatic parking, where the car steers itself to parallel park ("BMW Parking Assistant").
Driver drowsiness detection ("Attention Assistant") added.
Collision avoidance system ("Active Protection") including collision detection, automatic pre-crash braking and automatic post-crash braking.
Cruise control mode added for traffic jams ("Enhanced Active Cruise Control").
2013
760i/760Li models become compliant with the Euro 6 emissions standard.
For the USA only, fifteen "V-12 25th Anniversary Edition" cars were produced, to commemorating the 25th anniversary of BMW's V12 engines. The cars are based on the 760Li and include various exterior styling and interior options. The RRP for the model was $159,695.
Pre-facelift styling
Post-facelift styling
Production
The 740i and 740Li made up 10% of overall 7 Series sales in the United States, while the 760Li had 2%. In the United States, 70% of the 7 Series cars sold are the "L" long-wheelbase models.
Marketing
For the tenth anniversary of the Tate Modern, BMW provided Spanish artist Martí Anson with a 7 Series in which to chauffeur artists to the gallery, with the car parked in the gallery's Turbine Hall during the exhibition.
BMW Group Russia provided vehicles for opening night premieres for various plays at the Bolshoi Theatre from 2004. In 2011, twenty vehicles (consisting of F01 7 Series and the F07 5 Series GT) were provided for the re-opening of the theatre's historical stage.
References
Notes
Bibliography
F01
7 Series (F01)
2010s cars
Cars introduced in 2008
Limousines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMW%207%20Series%20%28F01%29 |
Khonshu is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character first appeared in Moon Knight #1 (Nov. 1980), created by Doug Moench and Bill Sienkiewicz, and is based on the Egyptian lunar god Khonsu. He is a member of the Heliopolitan pantheon and the patron of the superhero Moon Knight.
Khonshu appears in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) miniseries Moon Knight, performed by Karim El-Hakim and voiced by F. Murray Abraham.
Fictional character biography
While Khonshu possessed Moon Knight during the hero's time with the West Coast Avengers, Khonshu was often shown as a largely benevolent god who wanted to assist the team. He was at times shown to be conflicted as to whether he should reveal his powers and what was worthy of it. He was able to effortlessly resist being controlled by the mutant The Voice.
However, he is shown to become more and more of an antagonistic role to Moon Knight starting in the 2006 series, where he would later become the main antagonist of the 2016 Moon Knight series, and the age of Khonshu storyline in Jason Aaron's run.
Moon Knight volume #4 initially treats Khonshu in a rather different way, portraying him as a harsh and unforgiving god of vengeance who is strengthened by the fear that his avatar inspires. Accordingly, he is quite prepared to manipulate Marc Spector's allies and enemies in order to revive Moon Knight's career, and is highly critical of Spector. As with many Moon Knight stories, the line between reality and hallucination is sometimes intentionally blurred, but aspects of the art and story do strongly suggest that Khonshu's actions are entirely real. Khonshu also appears as a statue, but primarily converses with Moon Knight in the mutilated form of the Bushman, a villain who was killed when Spector carved off his face. Khonshu calls this his 'greatest work.' Moon Knight eventually breaks the influence of Khonshu, seeing the god as a scale in line with a cockroach.
Chons, better known as Khonshu, was said to be the son of Atum (known to the Egyptian gods as Ammon Ra) and of Amaunet, air goddess of the Ogdoad pantheon. Another account stated that Khonshu was the adopted son of Amon Ra. He was the brother of Montu, and possibly Bes and Ptah, and was brother or half-brother to Bast and Sekhmet. According to Knull, Khonshu was actually an "elder shadow, dressed in local legend".
Around the year 1,000,000 BC, Khonshu was offended by not having been offered membership of the Stone Age Avengers and chose a mortal avatar - the first known Moon Knight - to enforce his will on Earth and antagonize the Avengers on his behalf, eventually leading to the establishment of the Cult of Khonshu and a succession of Moon Knights. Khonshu and Ra have been warring against each other for millennia, having been reborn again and again through earthly avatars, with Khonshu beating Ra in every instance. It was later revealed that Khonshu is the God of Time as well as Vengeance.
In Ancient Egypt, Khonshu posed as a human pharaoh at the Egyptian city of Thebes, the seat of worship of Ammon Ra, at the same time Osiris posed as a mortal ruler in the Egyptian city of Heliopolis. Kang the Conqueror arrived in Ancient Egypt looking for the God of Time Seeking three artifacts joined in a staff from Khonshu to gain dominion over time, Kang's plot is hampered when the staff is broken, scattering the three components he needs.
Khonshu visited Marc Spector, a young boy whose mind was broken and split into different personalities, and chose him as his avatar. However, Spector's family sent him to Putnam Psychiatric Hospital for treatment. After his father's death, Spector was allowed to leave the hospital temporarily to attend the funeral and a late luncheon, but ran away after hearing Khonshu's voice.
In the modern day, Khonshu later resurrected Marc Spector and blessed him with superhuman powers and abilities under the Moon. When Spector and Marlene travelled to Egypt, she was kidnapped by Jellim Yussaf, who hoped to find the treasure hidden in the Tomb of Seti II. Moon Knight tracked them down and during the fight he found the lost chamber, falling into the arms of a statue of Khonshu. The deity sent a gust of wind, allowing Moon Knight to glide down to knock out Yussaf. Spector decided to retire as a vigilante and sold his statue of Khonshu which was bought by Anubis the Jackal, a former enemy of the Moon Deity. Khonshu visited Spector in his dreams, hoping to bring him back as his champion on Earth. Spector gave in and travelled to Egypt. There he met the Priests of Khonshu, who gave him weapons and a suit designed by the time travelling Hawkeye thousands of years earlier. They informed him that his powers were affected by the phases of the moon and would be strongest at the moon's fullest. Using his newfound power, Spector defeated Anubis and took back the statue of Khonshu, which protected him when the temple collapsed.
Powers and abilities
Khonshu has the conventional powers of the Ennead (the Heliopolitan gods), such as superhuman strength (Khonshu can bench press 60 tons), superhuman durability (he can withstand unspecified levels of injury), regenerative healing factor (Khonshu can be injured, but heals much faster and better than the healthiest human), immortality (he is immune to disease and aging), magic manipulation (Khonshu can manipulate mystic energies for supernatural effects such as interdimensional teleportation, telepathy, healing, resurrection, causing earthquakes and granting superhuman powers to mortal beings such as the Moon Knight), lunakinesis (manipulating objects made out of moonrocks, including Uru) and power absorption (Khonshu stole the powers of various heroes and stored them inside some Ankhs).
Other versions
In the Universe X saga it is suggested that Uatu the Watcher who lives on the moon was the original inspiration for the Egyptian moon god Khonshu.
In other media
The Khonshu possessed Marc Spector appears as an alternate skin for Moon Knight in the video game Marvel: Ultimate Alliance.
Khonshu appears in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Moon Knight, performed by Karim El-Hakim and voiced by F. Murray Abraham. This version of Khonshu is an outcast amongst his fellow Egyptian gods for waging a "one-god war on perceived injustices", which necessitates him to find and use his avatar, Marc Spector. Additionally, Khonshu was described by the series' head writer Jeremy Slater as an "imperious and sort of snotty and vengeful" deity, who is prone to temper tantrums and is dealing with his own insecurities, adding he was more interested in a version of the character that had "his own moral failings and weaknesses" rather than one who was "always right and impervious to mistakes". Abraham called Khonshu "outrageous" and "capable of doing anything and charming his way out of it". As well, Abraham believed Khonshu was unselfish and willing to sacrifice himself the same way he demands sacrifice from others.
References
External links
Characters created by Bill Sienkiewicz
Characters created by Doug Moench
Comics characters introduced in 1980
Fictional characters with death or rebirth abilities
Khonsu
Marvel Comics characters who use magic
Marvel Comics characters who can teleport
Marvel Comics characters with accelerated healing
Marvel Comics characters with immortality
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics deities
Marvel Comics male characters
Marvel Comics telepaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khonshu%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 |
Cat meat is meat prepared from domestic cats for human consumption. Some countries serve cat meat as a regular food, whereas others have only consumed some cat meat in desperation during wartime or poverty.
Africa
Prehistoric human feces have contained bones from the wild cat of Africa.
In some cultures of Cameroon, there is a special ceremony featuring cat-eating that is thought to bring good luck.
Asia
China
According to Humane Society International, Agence France-Presse, and the BBC, cat meat is not widely eaten in China. But in Guangdong and Guangxi provinces of the Lingnan cultural region, some—especially older—people consider cat flesh a good warming food during winter months. The Associated Press reported in 2008 that people in southern China's Guangdong province (population just over 113 million) ate 10,000 cats per day.
In Guangdong, cat meat is a main ingredient in the traditional dish "dragon, tiger, phoenix" (snake, cat, chicken), which is said to fortify the body.
Organized cat-collectors supply the southern restaurants with animals that often originate in
Henan, Hubei, Anhui, and Jiangsu provinces. On January 26, 2010, China launched its first draft proposal to protect the country's animals from maltreatment, including a measure to jail people—for periods up to 15 days—for eating cat or dog meat.
With the increase of cats as pets in China, opposition towards the traditional use of cats for food has grown. In June 2006, approximately 40 activists stormed the Fangji Cat Meatball Restaurant in Shenzhen, forcing it to shut down. Expanded to more than 40 member societies, the Chinese Animal Protection Network in January 2006 began organizing well-publicized protests against dog and cat consumption, starting in Guangzhou, following up in more than ten other cities "with very optimal response from public." Beijing News reported in 2014 and 2015 of Beijing and Tianjin authorities, respectively, discovering feral, and stray cats to be used as part of the cat meat trade, which drew outrage from many Chinese netizens. A 2015 Animals Asia survey found that at least more than 70-80% of Chinese respondents agreed it was not acceptable to eat dogs and cats if they had been abused or tortured during feeding and slaughter.
Japan
In Japan, cats were sometimes eaten until the end of the Edo period. In Okinawa, it was believed to be effective against costochondritis, bronchitis, lung disease, and hemorrhoids, and was eaten in the form of soups, such as Maya-no-Ushiru.
India
According to HuffPost and a few Indian news outlets in 2016, cat meat was being served as mutton in parts of Chennai and being consumed mainly by the Narikuravar community in the city. There had been allegations made online in the same year that some Narikuravar people were hunting feral and stray cats for their meat in Bengaluru.
Cat meat is a traditional protein consumed in the diet of the Irula people of southern India.
Indonesia
Cat meat has been featured at the Extreme Market in the North Sulawesi city of Tomohon.
Korea
In Korea, cat meat was historically brewed into a tonic as a folk remedy for neuralgia and arthritis, not commonly as food. Modern consumption is seen and more likely to be in the form of cat soup, though the number of people who consume cat soup is considered minimal, compared to a relatively popular dog meat. Julien Dugnoille wrote in The Conversation that cat meat is mostly consumed by middle-aged working-class women for perceived health benefits, and that usually 10 cats are needed to produce a small bottle of cat, or goyangi, soju (an alcoholic elixir thought to keep arthritis at bay for a few weeks at a time). According to In Defense of Animals, 100,000 cats are killed yearly to make cat soju in South Korea. Cats are not farmed for their meat in the country, so the trade involves ferals and strays. Nonetheless, the trade is mostly done underground, and the great majority of the population is not even aware that cat consumption is common in the country. Moreover, eating cat meat is highly stigmatized throughout the country, unlike eating dog meat, which is often criticized but not universally stigmatized.
Malaysia
According to the Malaysian branch of Friends of the Earth, cat meat is not illegal in Malaysia. The organisation reported that some Vietnamese nationals had been selling dog and cat meat in a couple of cities, an allegation repeated by Coconuts Media. According to The Star in 2012, cat meat was popular among some Myanmar nationals in the country.
Taiwan
In October 2017, Taiwan's national legislature, known as the Legislative Yuan, passed amendments to the country's Animal Protection Act which "bans the sale and consumption of dog and cat meat and of any food products that contain the meat or other parts of these animals."
Vietnam
As of 2015, cat meat is eaten in Vietnam. It is generally seen on menus with the euphemism "tiểu hổ", literally "little tiger" or "baby tiger", rather than the literal "thịt mèo". Cat galls have aphrodisiacal properties, according to people in North Vietnam. In 2018, however, officials in the city of Hanoi urged citizens to stop eating dog and cat meat, citing concerns about the cruel methods with which the animals are slaughtered and the diseases this practice propagates, including rabies and leptospirosis. The primary reason for this exhortation seems to be a fear that the practice of dog and cat consumption, most of which are stolen household pets, could tarnish the city's image as a "civilised and modern capital". According to data from a market research study by Four Paws, approximately 8% of people living in Hanoi have consumed cat meat in their lives.
According to The Independent in April 2020, COVID-19 has led to increased dog and cat meat sales in Vietnam (and Cambodia) due to their perceived health benefits against the virus.
Europe
Austria
Section 6, Paragraph 2 of the law for the protection of animals prohibits the killing of cats and dogs for purposes of consumption as food or for other products.
Belgium
In January 2011, the Belgian Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain stated that people are not allowed to kill random cats walking in their garden, but "nowhere in the law does it say that you can't eat your own pet cat, dog, rabbit, fish, or whatever. You just have to kill them in an animal-friendly way."
Denmark
In June 2008, three students at the Danish School of Media and Journalism published pictures of a cat being slaughtered and eaten in Citat, a magazine for journalism students. Their goal was to create a debate about animal welfare. The cat was shot by its owner, a farmer, and it would have been put down in any case. The farmer slaughtered the cat within the limits of Danish law. This led to criticism from Danish animal welfare group Dyrenes Beskyttelse, and death threats received by the students.
Italy
In February 2010, on a television cooking show, the Italian food writer Beppe Bigazzi mentioned that during the famine in World War II, cat stew was a "succulent" and well-known dish in his home area of Valdarno, Tuscany. Later he claimed he had been joking, but added that cats used to be eaten in the area during famine periods, historically. He was widely criticised in the media for his comments and was ultimately dropped from the television network.
Cat consumption is a stereotype attributed to Vicenzans in Vicenza, Italy. They are jokingly called "magnagati", that means "cats eaters" in the local language.
According to the British Butchers' Advocate, Dressed Poultry and the Food Merchant of 1904, "Just before Christmas, it is common for a group of young men in northern Italy to kill some cats, skin them, and soak them in water for two or three days. They are cooked with great care on Christmas day and served up hot about 1:30p.m. after mass....Many people in Italy, 'on the quiet,' keep cats like the English do rabbits—to kill. A catskin there is worth ten pence, as the material for muffs for girls... Extraordinary care has to be taken in procuring the animals, for the Italian Society for the Protection of Cats is vigilant, and offenses against the law are followed by imprisonment only. We have no fines in Italy."
According to The Dietetic & Hygienic Gazette in 1905, "Italy cultivates the cat for home consumption as English people raise rabbits. It is to be done on the quiet, however, for in spite of the profit in the business and the demand for the delicacy, the law has to be looked out for, and the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Cats is vigilant. Offenses against the law are visited with imprisonment. Cats are raised for the market nonetheless. Fattened on the finest of milk, a choice specimen will attain the weight of fifteen pounds."
The Genoese song Crêuza de mä written by Fabrizio De André cites the sweet-and-sour hash of "hare of roof tiles" (i.e. the cat, passed off as a sort of rabbit meat).
France and Spain
There are accounts of cats being consumed in the Roman province of Gallia Narbonensis (southern France), in Spain in the 17th century, and during WWI and WWII.
Switzerland
According to the Food Safety and Veterinary Office, the sale of dog or cat meat is not allowed, but it is legal for people to eat their own animals. The Swiss parliament rejected changing the laws to protect dogs and cats from human consumption in 1993. An animal-rights group collected 16,000 signatures in 2014 to outlaw the consumption of cat meat in Switzerland.
Other areas
Cats were sometimes eaten as a famine food during harsh winters, poor harvests, and wartime. Cats gained notoriety as "roof rabbit" () in Central Europe's hard times during and between World War I and World War II.
Oceania
Australia
Indigenous Australians in the area of Alice Springs roast feral cats on an open fire. They have also developed recipes for cat stew. Some other inhabitants of the area have also taken up this custom, justified on the grounds that felines are "a serious threat to Australia's native fauna". Scientists have warned that eating wild cats could expose humans to harmful bacteria and toxins.
Americas
Argentina
In two 1996 TV reports from different networks, Telefe Noticias and Todo Noticias, some citizens in a shanty town in Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina, stated that, during an economic crisis, they had to feed the neighborhood children with cat's meat, and commented, "It's not denigrating to eat cat, it keeps a child's stomach full".
Although the validity of these reports has been questioned in a book by journalists Gabriel Russo and Edgardo Miller, these authors didn't produce any evidence nor taped confession of someone stating that was responsible for the forgery. Moreover, it's been reported that the then Mayor of Rosario was the source of the rumor that the TV networks enacted a play just to discredit the city's municipal government. In 2013, Josefa Villalba, a former municipal council member in 1996, stated that previously to the TV reports, she denounced to the local municipal government the fact that children were being fed with cats but the municipal government heads tried to silence her. Contemporary reporting by the journalist Ricardo Luque of La Nación, a newspaper of record of Argentina, reproduced a quote from an inhabitant of the shanty town, "When the kids come to ask for something to eat, there's no point in giving them anything, so we go out and hunt cats, anything to fed them".
Peru
Cat is not a regular menu item in Peru, but is used in such dishes as fricassee and stews most abundant in two specific sites in the country: the southern town of Chincha Alta (Ica Region, Afro-Peruvian mostly) and the north-central Andean town of Huari (Ancash Region). Primarily used by Afro-Peruvians, cat cooking techniques are demonstrated every September during the festival of Saint Efigenia in a town of La Quebrada.
In October 2013, a judge banned the annual El Festival Gastronomico del Gato (the Gastronomic Festival of the Cat), which was held every September in La Quebrada to commemorate the arrival of settlers who were forced to eat cats to survive, citing it as cruel to the 100+ cats specifically bred for the event, which involves being kept in cages for a year prior the Festival. The judge also cited concerns over the safety of the meat, which drew criticism from residents who contend that cat meat is far richer than rabbit or duck, and that it has been long consumed globally without any deleterious effects.
That same month, magistrate Maria Luyo banned the festival of Curruñao, in the small town of San Luis. Locals say that the festival, which sees cats being drowned, skinned, and tied to fireworks and blown up, dates back to the practice of eating cat on the part of African slaves who worked on sugar-cane plantations in colonial times, and is part of the religious celebrations of Santa Efigenia, an African-Peruvian folk saint. Luyo stated in her ruling that the festival "fomented violence based on cruel acts against animals which caused grave social damage and damaged public health", and that minors could be "psychologically damaged" by watching the events.
United States
In December 2018, the Dog and Cat Meat Trade Prohibition Act of 2018 was signed into federal law, making the commercial slaughter and trade of cat meat illegal and punishable by a fine of $5,000, except as part of Native American religious ceremonies. Previous to that bill, consuming cat meat was legal in 44 states.
Religion
Islam
Islamic dietary laws forbid the consumption of cat meat as it is a terrestrial predator.
Judaism
Jewish Kashrut laws forbid consuming cat meat as it is a predator. As well as not being a predator, a mammal must both chew cud and have cloven hooves in order to be considered kosher.
Opposition to cat meat consumption
As the ownership of cats as pets has become increasingly popular in China, the opposition to cat meat consumption has also grown. In June 2006, a group of 40 animal welfare activists stormed Fangji Restaurant in Shenzhen, a restaurant specializing in cat meat, and managed to force the restaurant to stop selling cat meat.
This occurred approximately two years after the establishment of the Chinese Animal Protection Network (CAPN), which began organizing well-publicized protests against the consumption of dog and cat meat in January 2006, initially in Guangzhou and then in more than ten other cities.
In February 2020, Four Paws published the market analysis report "The Dog and Cat Meat Trade in Southeast Asia: A Threat to Animals and People" and, together with the Change For Animals Foundation, called on the Government of Vietnam to reinstate previous laws explicitly prohibiting the trade of cat meat.
See also
Dog meat
Horse meat
List of meat animals
Taboo food and drink
References
External links
Website on cat meat in southern China
Chinese Companion Animal Protection Network
Chinese Animal Protection Network: Our work against consumption of cat dog meat (Microsoft Word document)
Cats
Meat by animal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat%20meat |
Harry Ewing, Baron Ewing of Kirkford, (20 January 1931 – 9 June 2007) was a Labour politician in Scotland. He served as a Member of Parliament (MP) for 21 years, from a by-election in 1971 until the 1992 general election, when he became a life peer. He served as a junior minister in the Scottish Office from 1974 to 1979, responsible for devolution, and later chaired the Scottish Constitutional Convention from 1989 to 1996.
Early life
Ewing was born in Cowdenbeath, where his father, William Ewing, was a miner and Labour party activist. He was educated at Foulford primary school and Beath High School, and did National Service in the Royal Air Force from 1949 to 1951. He worked as a fitter in a foundry, where he was active in the Amalgamated Union of Foundry Workers, and then became a postman in 1962, becoming active in the Union of Post Office Workers.
Parliamentary career
He stood for the Labour Party in the safe Conservative seat of East Fife in the 1970 general election, losing to the sitting MP Sir John Gilmour. He became Member of Parliament for Stirling and Falkirk at a by-election in September 1971, following the death of Malcolm MacPherson. His seat was renamed Stirling, Falkirk and Grangemouth for the general election in February 1974; despite swings to the Scottish Nationalists, he retained the seat in February and in October 1974, but with a much reduced majority. Harold Wilson appointed him as Under-Secretary of State for Scotland with responsibility for devolution and home affairs, retaining that position under Jim Callaghan as the Labour government pushed forward with a proposal for Scottish devolution. The eventual referendum in March 1979 failed to pass by a sufficient majority. The Labour government fell at the ensuing 1979 general election, although Ewing retained his seat with a substantially increased majority. He became a front-bench spokesman on Scottish industry in 1981. He came third in the ballot for chair of the Parliamentary Labour Party in November 1981. His seat was redrawn again at the 1983 general election, and he was returned for the successor seat of Falkirk East, and he became a spokesman on trade and industry matters under Neil Kinnock. He was reelected in 1987, and stood down from his front bench position. He was a joint chairman with David Steel of the Scottish Constitutional Convention formed in 1989 to plan for the devolution of Scotland that was planned if Labour won the 1992 general election. Labour lost the election, and the plans were shelved. Ewing retired from the House of Commons at the 1992 general election.
House of Lords
After his retirement, he was created a life peer taking the title Baron Ewing of Kirkford, of Cowdenbeath in the District of Dunfermline on 17 July 1992. He became a front bench spokesman on Scottish affairs in the House of Lords, but resigned in November 1996, also resigning from his position with the Constitutional Convention. He chaired an inquiry into housing for the disabled in 1993, and was appointed deputy lieutenant of Fife in 1995. He was chairman of Fife Healthcare NHS Trust from 1996 to 1998, honorary president of the Girls' Brigade of Scotland, and patron of Scottish Overseas Aid. He was a life member of Cowdenbeath Football Club (the Blue Brazil).
Death
Lord Ewing, who lived in Fife, died of cancer in hospital in Dunfermline in June 2007, at the age of 76. He was survived by his wife Margaret (née Greenhill), whom he married in 1954, and their son Alan and daughter Alison.
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons, 1987
Obituary, The Guardian, 11 June 2007
External links
1931 births
2007 deaths
Labour Party (UK) life peers
Scottish Labour MPs
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Deputy Lieutenants of Fife
Deaths from cancer in Scotland
People from Cowdenbeath
Machinists
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Stirling constituencies
Union of Communication Workers-sponsored MPs
Life peers created by Elizabeth II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Ewing%2C%20Baron%20Ewing%20of%20Kirkford |
Lara Schnitger (born 1969 in Haarlem, Netherlands) is a Dutch-American sculptor and painter, living and working in Los Angeles and Amsterdam. Schnitger studied at the Royal Academy of Art (The Hague) from 1987 to 1991 and spent a year on a residency at the Kitakyushu Centre for Contemporary Art in southern Japan.
Schnitger works in knitted and sewn textile sculptures, videos and photographs, and has produced a book about art created from mundane materials such as fabric, titled Lara Schnitger: Fragile Kingdom.
Schnitger has had over 40 solo exhibitions world wide and numerous group exhibitions. Her work has been shown internationally at galleries and museums such as Magasin 3 in Stockholm, the Chinese European Art Center in Xiamen, the Santa Monica Museum of Art, Kunstwerke in Berlin, the UCLA Hammer Museum in Los Angeles, P.S. 1 Contemporary Art Center in New York, The Power Plant in Toronto, and the Royal Academy in London. Schnitger's work is in the permanent collection of several museums including the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles and the Museum of Modern Art in New York. She participated in the Liverpool Biennial in 1999 and the Shanghai Biennial in 2002.
References
External links
www.laraschnitger.com
1969 births
Living people
American sculptors
Dutch sculptors
Artists from Haarlem
Dutch women artists
Royal Academy of Art, The Hague alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lara%20Schnitger |
Petter Laukslett Tande (born 11 June 1985 in Oslo) is a Norwegian former nordic combined skier who has been competing between 2002 and 2011, representing Byåsen IL. He has three medals in the 4 x 5 km team event at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships, with a gold (2005) and two bronzes (2007, 2009).
Competing in two Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of fourth in the 15 km individual event at Turin in 2006.
He has six career World Cup victories, including twice at the Holmenkollen ski festival (Individual: 2006, sprint: 2008).
Personal information
Petter Tande is 180 cm, weighs 68 kg. His birthday is the same as the Norwegian Queen. He has got blue eyes and brown hair. He loves watching movies, including Pirates of the Caribbean, and anything of action and western movies. His favourite actor is Johnny Depp. His family consists of mom Marianne and dad Torbjørn, and sister Ina Laukslett Tande.
References
Holmenkollen winners since 1892 - click Vinnere for downloadable pdf file
1985 births
Holmenkollen Ski Festival winners
Living people
Nordic combined skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Nordic combined skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Norwegian male Nordic combined skiers
Olympic Nordic combined skiers for Norway
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in Nordic combined
Skiers from Oslo
21st-century Norwegian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petter%20Tande |
This is a list of champions on the game show Countdown. These are players who have won up to eight games and scored enough points to qualify for their series' finals. Here, they were one of eight contestants invited back to compete in a knockout tournament to decide who will become the series champion. This list also includes winners of Champion of Champions tournaments and the winner of Series 33, which was designated a "Supreme Championship".
There was only one full series in 2005 because of Richard Whiteley's death — his final series, Series 53, was recorded before he was hospitalised with pneumonia. Series 54 began four months later on 31 October 2005 and, having started very late in the year, was extended to last until 26 May 2006. Series champions from this series onwards are awarded the Richard Whiteley Memorial Trophy along with the usual prize of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Champions
References
Countdown: Spreading The Word (Granada Media, 2001) pp. 219–20, 225
The Countdown Page Hall of Fame
Champions
Countdown champions
Countdown champions
Countdown champions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Countdown%20champions |
The Cycling Proficiency Test was a test given by Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents which served as a minimum recommended standard for cycling on British roads. It was superseded by the National Standards for Cycle Training, branded Bikeability, in England in 2007.
Introduction of the test
The first Cycling Proficiency Test was held for seven children on 7 October 1947. The National Cycling Proficiency Scheme was introduced by the Government in 1958, with statutory responsibility for road safety being given to local authorities in 1974, including the provision of child cyclist training.
References
External links
http://www.bikeability.org.uk
http://www.cyclingengland.co.uk
http://www.cyclingscotland.org
http://www.ctc.org.uk/DesktopDefault.aspx?TabID=3529
https://web.archive.org/web/20090920112349/http://www.rospa.com/roadsafety/info/cyclist_training_effectiveness.pdf
http://www.cyclecraft.co.uk/digest/nctp.pdf
Cycling in the United Kingdom
Road safety in the United Kingdom
Child safety
Road safety
Cycling safety
1947 introductions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycling%20Proficiency%20Test |
Joseph T. Salerno (born 1950) is an American Austrian School economist who is Professor Emeritus of Economics in the Finance and Graduate Economics departments at the Lubin School of Business at Pace University, Academic Vice President of the Ludwig von Mises Institute, and holds the John V. Denson II Endowed Professorship in the economics department at Auburn University. He earned his B.A. at Boston College and his M.A. and Ph.D. at Rutgers University.
Early life
Salerno's parents immigrated to the United States from Italy. As a child, he observed his "New Deal Democrat" father's disdain for a visiting relative from Italy who declared himself a member of the communist party there. Salerno said that following the incident, he became a supporter of Barry Goldwater's 1964 presidential candidacy and a "full-fledged Goldwaterite." Thereafter, Salerno decided that he wanted to study economics. As an undergraduate at Boston College, he read an article written by Murray Rothbard and adopted what he describes as "the pure libertarian position... anarcho-capitalism." This, he stated, led to his interest in the Austrian School.
Career in economics
Salerno has published op-eds online at mises.org, forbes.com, Christian Science Monitor, Wall Street Oasis, and Economic Policy Journal. He has appeared on Bloomberg Radio, C-SPAN, Fox News, and the Fox Business Networks. Salerno's theories have been explicated by Israel Kirzner in a survey of Austrian thought on entrepreneurship.
Bibliography
Money, Sound and Unsound (Full Text; ) (2010)
Notes
External links
Pace University faculty biography
Mises.org faculty biography
American people of Italian descent
American libertarians
American anarcho-capitalists
Austrian School economists
Boston College alumni
Pace University faculty
Mises Institute people
Rutgers University alumni
Living people
1950 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20T.%20Salerno |
WVVH-CD, virtual and UHF digital channel 18, is a class A television station, licensed to Southampton, New York. The station is owned by Greg and Ernie Schmizzi, doing business as Video Voice Inc., and runs programming from YTA TV and Outside TV. The station's studios are located in East Hampton, New York and its transmitter is located in Sag Harbor, New York.
History
Founded in 1983, but it sign on as an affiliate of Channel America in 1988. Brothers Greg and Ernie Schimizzi, doing business as Video Voice, brought W23AA from David Post changing the call signs to WVVH-LP on October 4, 1994. In 2001, WVVH-LP moved to channel 50 since WFTY (channel 67) would be broadcasting its digital signal on channel 23 and could potentially cause interference to WVVH. In 2003, the station signed to become an affiliate of the Omni Broadcasting Network.
In 2004, the station began streaming its programming online.
On November 15, 2005, the station applied for a construction permit to begin digital broadcasting on its existing channel 50.
In 2007, a consortium from its home base in the Hamptons, acquired Resort Sports Network with an eye towards expanding the network's shows with broadcasts from WVVH about the lifestyles options at resorts.
The station changed its call letters to WVVH-CA on April 15, 2008, this reflected its change from a low-power (LP) station to a Class A station (CA). The station changed its call sign again on October 21, 2011, to the current WVVH-CD.
Programming
In addition to its network programming, WVVH-CD also shows local programming, such as the Hampton Classic Horse Show, Hamptons International Film Festival, and the Bridgehampton Road Rally, as well as the talk show In The Mixx, which premiered in summer 2012. At one time, WVVH maintained a local newscast, but eventually began carrying INN News. WVVH also carried the syndicated The Daily Buzz program on weekday mornings.
Technical Information
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
Official website
East Hampton (town), New York
VVH-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1983
Mass media in Suffolk County, New York
YTA TV affiliates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVVH-CD |
Legio X or Tenth Legion may refer to:
Julius Caesar's Legio X Equestris, also known as Legio X Veneria;
Augustus's Legio X Gemina, which resulted from the amalgamation of Legio X Equestris with another unknown legion;
Legio X Fretensis, a legion widely known for the suppression of the First Jewish rebellion. This legion conquered Masada
Tenth Legion, Virginia, a community in the United States
See also
List of Roman legions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legio%20X |
OPQRST is a mnemonic initialism used by medical professionals to accurately discern reasons for a patient's symptoms and history in the event of an acute illness. It is specifically adapted to elicit symptoms of a possible heart attack. Each letter stands for an important line of questioning for the patient assessment. This is usually taken along with vital signs and the SAMPLE history and would usually be recorded by the person delivering the aid, such as in the "Subjective" portion of a SOAP note, for later reference.
"PQRST" (onset "O") is sometimes used in conjunction.
The term "OPQRST-AAA" adds "aggravating/alleviating factors", "associated symptoms", and "attributions/adaptations".
Use
The parts of the mnemonic are:
Onset of the event
What the patient was doing when it started (active, inactive, stressed, etc.), whether the patient believes that activity prompted the pain, and whether the onset was sudden, gradual or part of an ongoing chronic problem.
Provocation or palliation
Whether any movement, pressure (such as palpation) or other external factor makes the problem better or worse. This can also include whether the symptoms relieve with rest.
Quality of the pain
This is the patient's description of the pain. Questions can be open ended ("Can you describe it for me?") or leading. Ideally, this will elicit descriptions of the patient's pain: whether it is sharp, dull, crushing, burning, tearing, or some other feeling, along with the pattern, such as intermittent, constant, or throbbing.
Region and radiation
Where the pain is on the body and whether it radiates (extends) or moves to any other area. This can give indications for conditions such as a myocardial infarction, which can radiate through the jaw and arms. Other referred pains can provide clues to underlying medical causes.
Severity
The pain score (usually on a scale of 0 to 10). Zero is no pain and ten is the worst possible pain. This can be comparative (such as "... compared to the worst pain you have ever experienced") or imaginative ("... compared to having your arm ripped off by an alien"). If the pain is compared to a prior event, the nature of that event may be a follow-up question. The clinician must decide whether a score given is realistic within their experience – for instance, a pain score 10 for a stubbed toe is likely to be exaggerated. This may also be assessed for pain now, compared to pain at time of onset, or pain on movement. There are alternative assessment methods for pain, which can be used where a patient is unable to vocalise a score. One such method is the Wong-Baker faces pain scale.
Time (history)
How long the condition has been going on and how it has changed since onset (better, worse, different symptoms), whether it has ever happened before, whether and how it may have changed since onset, and when the pain stopped if it is no longer currently being felt.
See also
History of the present illness
SAMPLE history
SOCRATES (pain assessment)
References
Medical mnemonics
Pain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OPQRST |
Carbohydrate dehydrogenases are a group of dehydrogenase enzymes that occur in many organisms and facilitate the conversion from a carbohydrate to an aldehyde, lactone, or ketose.
Carbohydrate dehydrogenases are the most common quinoprotein oxidoreductases, which are enzymes that oxidize a wide range of molecules.
An example includes L-gulonolactone oxidase.
They are categorized under EC number 1.1. More specifically, they are in three subcodes: 1, 2, and 99, categorized as follows:
EC 1.1.1 With NAD or NADP as acceptor
EC 1.1.2 With a cytochrome as acceptor
EC 1.1.99 With other acceptors
References
External links
Enzymes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbohydrate%20dehydrogenase |
Govinda Bhagavatpada (IAST ) was the Guru of the Adi Shankara. Little is known of his life and works, except that he is mentioned in all the traditional accounts (Shankara Vijayams) as the teacher of Adi Shankara. He was the disciple of Gaudapada (IAST ). He is mentioned in the first verse of Adi Shankara's prakaraṇa grantha (treatise) Viveka Chudamani. He is named after Gaudapada in the Guru Parampara (lineage) of Sringeri Sharada Peetham. He is considered to be an incarnation of Shesha.
Meeting Adi Shankara
See Life of Adi Shankara for the biography of Adi Shankara
As per the Madhavīya Shankaravijaya, after leaving Kerala, Adi Shankara reached the banks of the river Narmada where he met Govinda Bhagavatpada at Omkareshwar. The Madhavīya Shankaravijaya states that Adi Shankara once calmed a flood from the River Narmada by placing his kamanḍalu (water pot) in the path of the raging water, thus saving his Guru Govinda Bhagavatpada who was immersed in Samādhi in a cave nearby. The cave is still maintained in Omkareshwar below the famous Shiva temple. Govinda Bhagavatpada is said to have asked Adi Shankara who he was. Adi Shankara then replied with a verse (which are known as Atma Shatkam or Nirvana Shatkam) composed extempore, that brought out clearly the Advaita philosophy in regard to the Self. Shankara was then initiated as Govinda Bhagavatapada's disciple, thus formally entering sanyasa.
Adi Shankara was then commissioned by his Guru to write a Bhashya (commentary) on the Brahma Sutra and spread the Advaita philosophy far and wide.
Gaudapadacharya was the guru of Govinda Bhagavatpada.
References
Hindu philosophers and theologians
Advaitin philosophers
Ancient Indian philosophers
Ancient Indian writers
Hindu reformers
Idealists
Indian Hindu monks
Indian Hindu missionaries
Indian Hindu spiritual teachers
Medieval Hindu religious leaders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Govindapada |
Omar Daf (born 12 February 1977) is a Senegalese football manager and former player who is currently the head coach of club Amiens. A Senegalese international with dual French nationality, Daf represented his country at the 2002 FIFA World Cup. He played as a full-back, but could also play at centre-back.
Club career
Born in Dakar, Daf began playing football with US Gorée. At age 17, a Belgian football scout, Karel Brokken, recruited him to Belgian Second Division side K.V.C. Westerlo, where he began his professional career. A year later, Daf joined French Championnat National 2 side Thonon-Chablais, before embarking on a 12-year spell with Sochaux in 1997.
Managerial career
In November 2018, Daf became manager of Sochaux. In January 2019, he extended his contract until 2021.
In June 2023, Daf was appointed as the manager of Ligue 2 club Amiens.
Honours
International
Senegal
Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2002
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Dakar
Men's association football defenders
Senegalese men's footballers
Senegalese expatriate men's footballers
Senegal men's international footballers
2002 FIFA World Cup players
French sportspeople of Senegalese descent
K.V.C. Westerlo players
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Stade Brestois 29 players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
2000 African Cup of Nations players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2004 African Cup of Nations players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
Senegalese football managers
Senegalese expatriate football managers
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard managers
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Ligue 2 managers
Dijon FCO managers
Amiens SC managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar%20Daf |
Electronic Music Midwest (EMM) is a festival of new electroacoustic music.
History
EMM is the result of a consortium formed between Kansas City Kansas Community College (KCKCC), Lewis University, and the University of Missouri–Kansas City. This festival was founded by Mike McFerron, Connie Mayfield, and Paul Rudy in 2000 when it was presented at KCKCC under the name "Kansas City Electronic Music Festival." In 2001, the festival continued at Lewis University under the title, "Electronic Music at Lewis - 2001." Electronic Music Midwest became the official name at the 2002 festival held at Kansas City Kansas Community College.
In celebration of EMM's 10th anniversary, Lewis University hosted the first EMM mini-Invitational festival on March 11, 2010. 15 composers were invited to present up to 15 minutes of music during this one-day, three concert festival. Among other compositions, highlights from this festival included Three Improvisatory Groovescapes (performed by the composer) by EMM technical director, Ian Corbett, Tranquility by Kyong Mee Choi, Bapu (performed by Lisa Bost-Sandberg) by Asha Srinivasan, and Texturologie 6: Emerald Emergent by James Caldwell.
Electronic Music Midwest (EMM) alternates each year between Kansas City, Kansas and the suburbs of Chicago in Romeoville, Illinois. Besides the main festival which is usually takes place over three days. The festival also presents "mini" festivals which are one day events presented as outreach to other cities. Composer's Voice Concert Series hosted an EMM mini-Invitational festival In New York City on June 24, 2012. Western Michigan University as part of is New Sounds Festival hosted EMM mini-Invitational festival in Kalamazoo, Michigan.
EMM has always featured an 8-speaker surround diffusion system under the guidance of Ian Corbett. The core of the system are eight Mackie 1521 bi-amped speakers, an EAW/QSC subwoofer system, and a Soundcraft MH3, 32+4 Channel mixer.
Since its beginning, EMM has programmed over 500 new electroacoustic compositions. Composers have traveled from around the world to graciously share their music with audiences in the Midwest. EMM strives to create an environment conducive to building community interaction. "Electronic Music Midwest has been dedicated to program a variety of electro-acoustic music, and to provide the highest quality of e-media presentations."
Most concerts are approximately one hour long, and composers have plenty of time to "talk shop" with each other as well as interact socially with students and audience members.
Special guest composers and performers
Tom Lopez - 2000 (Kansas City Electronic Music Festival - KCKCC)
James Mobberley - 2001 ("Electronic Music at Lewis - 2001")
Mark Applebaum - Spring 2002 (KCKCC)
Elizabeth McNutt - Fall 2002 (Lewis University)
Mark Wingate - Fall 2003 (UMKC)
Kevin Austin - Fall 2004 (Lewis University)
Robert Voisey and 60x60 - Fall 2005 (KCKCC)
CECh Celebrating 50 Years of Electroacoustic Music from Chile - Fall 2006 (Lewis University)
Chicago Composers Forum - Fall 2008
60x60 Dance - Fall 2009 (KCKCC)
Kansas City Electronic Music and Arts Alliance (KcEMA) - Fall 2009 (KCKCC)
Rebecca Ashe - Fall 2010 (Lewis University)
Elizabeth Bunt - Fall 2011 (KCKCC)
Andrew Spencer - Fall 2012 (Lewis University)
Kari Johnson - Fall 2013 (KCKCC)
Craig Hultgren - Fall 2014 (Lewis University)
Keith Benjamin - Fall 2015 (KCKCC)
Sarah Plum - Fall 2016 (Lewis University)
Splice Ensemble - Fall 2017 (KCKCC)
Margaret Lancaster - Fall 2018 (Lewis University)
Drew Whiting - Fall 2019 (KCKCC)
Andrea Cheeseman - Spring 2022
ScottDeal - Spring 2020
Staff
Mike McFerron - founder and festival director
Ian Corbett - festival director/technical director
Jay Batzner - programming director
Jason Bolte - technical director
David McIntire - marketing director
Robert Voisey - organization advancement director
Participating composers
Among others, EMM has programmed music by the following composers:
Birgitte Alsted, Linda Antas, Larry Austin, Andrew Babcock, Jeremy Baguyos, Jay Batzner, Martin Bedard, Brian Belet, Kari Besharse, Christopher Biggs, Scott Blasco, Marita Bolles, Jason Bolte, Michael Boyd, Taylor Briggs, Kirsten Broberg, Benjamin Broening, George Brunner, Ivica Bukvic, Madelyn Byrne, James Caldwell, Clifton Callender, Camila Cano, Jen-Kuang Chang, Kyong Mee Choi, Da Jeong Choi, Young-Shin Choi, Joshua Clausen, Andrew Seager Cole, William Coogan, Ian Corbett, Christopher Danforth, Ken Davies, Nathan Davis, Brad Decker, David DeVasto, Greg Dixon, Aaron Doenges, Ben Dorfan, Matthew Dotson, Nicholas Drake, Michael Drew, Ivan Elezovic, Rachel Evans (musician), Robert Fleisher, Mike Frengel, Lawrence Fritts, Jason Geistweidt, Jacob Gotlib, Arthur Gottschalk, Côté Guillaume, Moon Young Ha, Kip Haaheim, Randall Hall, Jonathan Hallstrom, Adam Hardin, Nickolas Hartgrove, Jeffrey Hass, James Hegarty, Jeff Herriott, Eric Honour, Robert Honstein, Hubert Howe, Tsai Yun Huang, Peter Hulen, Marie Incontrera, Ryan Ingebritsen, Karl Jentzsch, Timothy Johnson, Richard Johnson, Brooke Joyce, Noah Keesecker, Kevin Kissinger, Laura Kramer, Kadet Kuhne, John Latartara, HyeKyung Lee, Elainie Lillios, Cort Lippe, Hunter Long, Ed Martin, Robert McClure, Mike McFerron, David McIntire, Christian McLeer, Jim McManus, Louis Migliazza, Brent Milam, Katarina Miljkovic, Julia Miller, Jason Mitchell, James Mobberley, Dohi Moon, David Mooney, David Morneau, Rick Nance, Adam Scott Neal, Israel Neuman, Paul Oehlers, Yemin Oh, Michael Olson, Joo Won Park, Ronald Parks, Tom Parsons, Sean Peuquet, Michael Pounds, Christopher Preissing, Tim Reed, Tony Reimer, Michael Reimer, 60x60, David Roberts, Jonathan Robertson, Thomas Royal, Marcus Rubio, Paul Rudy, Jake Rundall, Salil Sachdev, James Sain, Alexander Schubert, Philip Schuessler, Liza Seigido, Chris Shortway, Eric Simonson, Steven Snethkamp, Steven Snowden, Mark Snyder, Jorge Sosa, Asha Srinivasan, Jack Stamps, Timothy Stulman, Daniel Swilley, Jerry Tabor, Chenyu Sun, Paul Thomas, Spencer Topel, Schuyler Tsuda, Sam Tymorek, Audrey Valentine, Bob Valentine, Bert Van Herck, Dan VanHassel, Angela Veomett, Joseph Vogel, Robert Voisey, Andrew Walters, Brett Wartchow, Lauren Wells, Tom Williams, Benjamin Williams, Zackery Wilson, Bart Woodstrup, Nihan Yesil, Samson Young, Peiying Yuan, Richard Zarou, Bei Zhang, Zachariah Zubow
Articles & reviews
Kari Väkevän teos kantaesitetään Kansasissa Lansivayla on 11/17/2015 - 17:00 CULTURE
Electronic Music Midwest to make sounds, beautiful to 'granulated and anxious' at the Dalton Center Mark Wedel, Special to the Kalamazoo Gazette on March 12, 2013
2007 EMM Festival in Kansas City by Asymmetry Magazine. Quote: "...smooth-running, well-organized, sonically and musically superior event, put on by some truly lovely people."
See also
List of electronic music festivals
References
External links
Official website
Music festivals established in 2000
Music organizations based in the United States
2002 establishments in Missouri
Electronic music festivals in the United States
Electroacoustic music festivals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Music%20Midwest |
KICK-FM (97.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to serve Palmyra, Missouri. The station is owned by Townsquare Media.
It broadcasts a country music format to the greater Quincy, Illinois, and Hannibal, Missouri, area. The station's studios are located in Quincy, Illinois.
See also
List of media outlets in Quincy, Illinois
References
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
ICK
Townsquare Media radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KICK-FM |
William David Mudd (2 June 1933 – 28 April 2020) was a British politician.
Mudd was born in Falmouth, Cornwall, in June 1933. He was educated at Truro Cathedral School and was a member of the Tavistock Urban District Council from 1959 to 1961. He carried out his National service on merchant ships in the 1950s and, after working for a brief period as a stage manager in ballrooms all over the UK, he decided to take on a career in radio and television broadcast journalism.
He was Conservative MP for Falmouth and Camborne from 1970 until 1992, when he stood down. It was considered a surprise when he decided to stand in his old constituency at the 2005 general election as an independent candidate. He came fifth with 2% of the vote.
In the 1970s, Mudd was a member of Mebyon Kernow as well as the Conservative Party. He was also a newsreader on Westward Television in the 1970s and a Cornish bard.
He died in Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, Devon in April 2020 at the age of 86.
References
Times Guide to the House of Commons 1987, BBC news website
External links
Mr David Mudd: speeches in Parliament Hansard 1803-2005
1933 births
2020 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Independent politicians in England
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for constituencies in Cornwall
People educated at Truro Cathedral School
Politicians from Cornwall
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987
UK MPs 1987–1992
Bards of Gorsedh Kernow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Mudd |
Making Opportunities for Upgrading Schools and Education or MOUSE is a youth development and nonprofit organization in New York City, United States focused on integrating technology with New York City education. It was founded by Andrew Rasiej in 1997. It targets schools in underserved communities, as well as those with high levels of poverty or of minorities.
Programs
MOUSE runs a program known as Mouse Squad, which focuses on troubleshooting technical problems with computers in New York public schools; the program was founded in 2000. Students in the after-school activity first go through six months of human-centered design training, followed by six months of working on making a prototype product with a mentor. Students in New York City get a chance to graduate into a wing of the program known as Mouse Corps, which was founded sometime around 2008.
In addition to the Mouse Squad, MOUSE also sponsors more advanced technical training, job shadow programs, and college-bound workshops for high school students, as well as providing expertise through industry partnerships. The organization communicates through its newsletter MOUSE Droppings and through conferences.
History
Sometime before 2001, the organization teamed up with Arthur Anderson to create the Young Women's Technology Club. As of 2000, the organization has about 1500 volunteers and an annual budget of nearly $2M. As of 2006, it has over 200 students representing 32 schools.
In its first official year, following two pilot seasons, 31 schools participated; the previous year, 13 schools did.
A study conducted by Fordham University found that 87% of students who joined the MOUSE Squad felt like participation improved their academic skills and 92% of them felt that it increased their desire to stay in school. According to a separate study, it saved a school $19,000 annually in technical support costs.
As of 2012, the organization has over 80 Mouse Squad programs, and was praised by Michael Bloomberg as "provid[ing] our city’s schools with the technological tools and support to keep our children competitive in the information age."
On 4 April 2013, John C. Liu visited a MOUS program in Washington Heights, Manhattan. In a 2013 report, Liu recommended that MOUSE programs be offered at every public middle and high school.
On 13 November 2014, the MOUSE Squad at the Stephen A. Halsey School was honored by an official proclamation at a city hall. Among other things, the group works on 3D printing (including training other students and creating models of dinosaurs), creating games, Robotics, and helping to install new computers and printers.
References
1997 establishments in New York City
Education in New York City
Organizations established in 1997
Technology organizations
Nonprofit youth organizations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Making%20Opportunities%20for%20Upgrading%20Schools%20and%20Education |
Palm Bay is an area of Cliftonville, a suburb of Margate in Kent, England.
The area is predominantly housing, but also has recreational land for the general public. Palm Bay is one of many bays round the coast of Thanet. Palm Bay lies between Walpole and Botany Bays and is popular as a centre for Jet Skiing, the eastern end of Palm Bay is also known as Forness Bay and is the home to a local water skiing club.
The original Palm Bay estate was built in the 1930s as a number of large, wide avenues with detached and semi-detached houses with driveways, garages and gardens. This land was sold by Mr Sidney Simon Van Den Bergh to the Palm Bay Estate Co on 23 June 1924. Such avenues include Gloucester Avenue and Leicester Avenue.
The estate covers the eastern part of Cliftonville and was fields when the first was built. It extends east beyond Northumberland Avenue and has been developed in phases. An earlier phase covered the northern ends of Leicester and Gloucester Avenues and the whole of Clarence and Magnolia Avenues; the later phase extending eastwards of Princess Margaret Avenue is a Wimpy style housing estate with small houses largely identical in appearance and of less substantial build quality than the original 1930s estate.
This is also the location of the Kent Airshow, first taking place in 2005 and again in 2006. For 2007, 2008 and 2009 the airshow was called the Big Event and featured a funfair as well as the air displays.
See also
Thanet
North Thanet
Palm Bay Primary School
Local Council
Thanet District Council
Populated coastal places in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palm%20Bay%2C%20Kent |
ARISE Detroit! is a coalition of community groups in Detroit, banding together in the hopes of making a bigger impact than they each can accomplish separately. ARISE is an acronym for Activating Resources and Inspiring Service and Empowerment.
The coalition is a way to link together the hundreds of programs and agencies working to combat child and family issues – violence, parenting, illiteracy, education, drug abuse, community development, youth mentoring, etc. — to produce more resources, more volunteers and more help for the people who need it. ARISE Detroit! intends to create a massive community wide movement, supported by people, non-profit groups, the media and individuals, to offer hope and let people know that they can play a personal role in improving their communities.
The project began with a $300,000 grant from the Skillman Foundation, one of its founding partners. The coalition grew out of brainstorming sessions the foundation began hosting after Bill Cosby's January 2005 town meeting where he challenged black Detroiters to stop blaming white people for problems they could solve themselves.
ARISE Detroit! will ask its volunteers to find a place with an existing service agency that will make use of their talents. That could mean mentoring, tutoring, advising on health matters, combating illiteracy, teaching financial literacy, resolving conflicts, or supporting recreation centers. ARISE Detroit! will also help connect city residents who need help with the organizations that provide it.
Founding Partners
ACCESS
African-American Family Magazine
Alternatives for Girls
Anderson Memorial Church/Project Hope
Art of Leadership
Black Family Development
Children's Aid Society
City Year Detroit
Communities in Schools
DAPCEP
Detroit Free Press
Detroit Parent Network
Detroit Youth Foundation
Hope United Methodist Church
Legacy Associates Foundation
Marshall Alexander Youth Organization
Metro Parent Publishing Group
Neighborhood Services Organization/Youth Initiative Project
ProLiteracy Detroit
The Skillman Foundation
Southwest Solutions
Youth Sports and Recreation Commission
References
External links
ARISE Detroit! website
Detroit Free Press pre-launch article
Skillman Foundation website
Charities based in Michigan
Social welfare charities based in the United States
Community organizations
Organizations based in Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARISE%20Detroit%21 |
Binnie Roberts is a fictional character from the BBC soap opera EastEnders, played by Sophie Langham from 9 June 1994 until 16 May 1995. Binnie is an out and proud lesbian, which is in stark contrast to her shy and retiring girlfriend, Della Alexander (Michelle Joseph).
Storylines
Binnie arrives in Albert Square in June 1994. She is the secret girlfriend of hairdresser Della Alexander (Michelle Joseph). Whilst Della prefers to keep her sexuality hidden, Binne is out and proud and wants everyone to know. She refuses to put up with anyone's bigotry and defends her sexuality to anyone that dares to pass judgement.
Della had been in Walford for a few months before Binnie's arrival, and in this time she'd sparked up a close, flirtatious relationship with the barman, Steve Elliot (Mark Monero). Steve has become a partner in Della's hair salon and has begun to think that he and Della will soon be more than just friends. Binnie is adamant that Della should tell Steve about her sexuality, but Della finds the prospect of 'coming out' extremely daunting. Several days later, the situation is brought to a head prematurely, when Steve accidentally walks in on Della and Binnie in bed together. Steve is furious, as he feels Della has been leading him on. He throws her out of his home, prompting several arguments between him and Binnie. Steve and Binnie are sworn enemies thereafter, although they do manage to put aside their differences later in the year.
Binnie and Della soon move into a bedsit on the Square and Binnie gets a job working as a barmaid in The Queen Victoria public house alongside Steve. She and Steve bicker constantly, mainly because Steve refuses to accept that Della is gay and regularly tries it on with her, leaving Binnie fuming with jealousy. More problems arise when Natalie Price (Lucy Speed) hears a rumour that Binnie and Della are lesbians. She starts telling anyone who cares to listen about how disgusting and unnatural the pair are. This reaction increases Della's trepidation about living as a lesbian and she starts denying the rumours; claiming that she'd never slept with a woman before in her life. Infuriated by Della's shame, Binnie threatens to leave the Square, which forces Della to prioritise. In order to convince Binnie to stay, Della kisses her in the middle of Bridge Street, which really gives the gossips something to talk about.
Binnie spends most of her time on the Square trying to force Della to conform to her lesbian ideals. She regularly pressurises her to 'come out' to her mother and generally bosses her around making demands, which often causes blazing rows between them. Despite this, Binnie usually has Della's best interests at heart and the two genuinely love each other.
In 1995, Binnie and Della decide that they have had enough of Walford and they decide to make a new start of things in Ibiza. They both depart in May 1995.
Character creation and development
Binnie and her girlfriend Della Alexander were the first lesbian couple to be featured in EastEnders. Their inclusion was an attempt to portray positive examples of characters who just happen to be homosexual. Their lesbian kiss accounted for some 45 percent of viewer complaints to the BBC regarding EastEnders in 1994; provoking more complaints than any other television programme that year (according to research published by the Broadcasting Standards Council in 1995).
In 2005 their lesbian kiss was featured in E4's X Rated: Top 20 Most Controversial TV Moments; a documentary examining British TV's most talked about on-screen moments. It was placed at number 11 in the chart and, according to the poll, received an estimated 486 viewer complaints and 180 column inches in the British press.
In 1995, bisexual actress Pam St. Clement, who plays Pat Evans, was asked if EastEnders' first lesbian storyline suffered from "seeming to follow the pack rather than lead it". She commented, "I think they realised there was something missing, but having given themselves that brief they didn't know what the fuck to do with it. I think Michael Cashman made Colin Russell so successful because he is a gay man. I'd never argue for somebody having to be a part to do it - you don't have to be a murderer to play Othello - and I think the two young girls [who played Della and Binnie] did what they could, but they couldn't really give the programme any help."
See also
List of LGBT characters in television
List of soap operas with LGBT characters
References
EastEnders characters
Fictional bartenders
Fictional lesbians
Television characters introduced in 1994
British female characters in television
Fictional LGBT characters in television | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnie%20Roberts |
Souleymane Camara (born 22 December 1982) is a Senegalese former professional footballer who played as a forward. He is a former Senegal international and has represented his nation at the 2002 FIFA World Cup and three Africa Cup of Nations tournaments in 2002, 2006, and 2012. As of 2021, he holds the record of the most appearances for French club Montpellier, with 433, and is the club's second-highest goalscorer, with 76 goals.
Club career
Camara was influential in Montpellier winning their first ever Ligue 1 title in 2012, scoring 9 goals, including one goal in a crucial 2–0 victory over Rennes with two matches left in the season.
On 5 August 2017, Camara scored the only goal in Montpellier's 1–0 win against Caen on matchday 1 of the 2017–18 season. It was his 48th Ligue 1 goal for Montpellier and made him Montpellier's record scorer in Ligue 1, breaking Laurent Blanc's 26-year-old record of 47 Division 1 goals scored for Montpellier in four seasons.
In March 2019 he became the first player to score in 15 different seasons in France's Ligue 1 in the 21st century. In May 2019 he extended his contract with Montpellier for a further season.
In May 2020, it was announced that Camara would not extend his contract with Montpellier, and would retire at the end of the season. By the end of his Montpellier career, Camara played a club-record 433 games in all competitions during his 13-year stay with 76 goals scored – a record bettered only by France legend Laurent Blanc.
Honours
Monaco
Coupe de la Ligue: 2002–03
Montpellier
Ligue 1: 2011–12
Senegal
Africa Cup of Nations runner-up: 2002
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Men's association football forwards
Senegalese men's footballers
Senegal men's international footballers
AS Monaco FC players
En Avant Guingamp players
OGC Nice players
Montpellier HSC players
Ligue 1 players
Ligue 2 players
Senegalese expatriate men's footballers
Senegalese Muslims
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Expatriate men's footballers in Monaco
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2002 African Cup of Nations players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in France
Senegalese expatriate sportspeople in Monaco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souleymane%20Camara |
al-Banna is an Arabic family name, it translates to “The Mason”:
Ibn al-Banna, Arab mathematician and astronomer
Hassan al Banna, founder of the Muslim Brotherhood
Gamal al-Banna, liberal Islamic scholar, brother of Hassan al-Banna
Abu Nidal, born Sabri Khalil al-Banna, Palestinian political leader, mercenary, and the founder of Fatah — the Revolutionary Council (Fatah al-Majles al-Thawry), more commonly known as the Abu Nidal Organization (ANO)
Qasim Sultan al-Banna, director general of Dubai Municipality since 1992
Jamil al-Banna, Jordanian with refugee status in the U.K., presently held in extrajudicial detention in the U.S. in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Banna |
Pniewy () is a town in Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 7,747 inhabitants as of 2020. There is a lake and a beach with access to a playground, stage and a softball pitch.
History
Pniewy was founded in the 12th century as part of the Piast-ruled Kingdom of Poland, although a stronghold also existed at the site earlier. The oldest known mention of Pniewy comes from 1256, and town rights were probably granted in the late 13th century. Pniewy's name probably comes from the Polish word pień, which means "trunk", which is also depicted in the town's coat of arms. Pniewy was a private town held by various Polish noble families, the first of which was the Nałęcz family, later known as the Pniewski family of Nałęcz coat of arms. Administratively it was located in the Poznań Voivodeship in the Greater Poland Province of the Polish Crown. The town suffered during the 17th and 18th century wars, however it was revived thanks to the Szołdryscy family, and local guilds were granted several privileges.
In 1793 it was annexed by Prussia in the Second Partition of Poland, in 1807 regained by Poles and included within the short-lived Duchy of Warsaw, in 1815 re-annexed by Prussia, and from 1871 to 1918 was also part of Germany. The population took part in Polish uprisings of 1830–1831 and 1848. The town was subjected to anti-Polish policies including Germanisation, however it remained a center of Polish resistance, and Poles established various organizations. In November 1918, after World War I, Poland regained independence, and in December 1918, local Poles liberated the town from the Germans, and it was re-integrated with Poland. Local Poles took part in multiple battles of the Greater Poland uprising (1918–19), in which 18 of them were killed. In the 1920s Polish nun Ursula Ledóchowska, today considered a saint of the Catholic Church, founded the Congregation of the Ursulines of the Agonizing Heart of Jesus in Pniewy.
Following the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland, which started World War II in September 1939, the town was occupied by Germany. During the German occupation, the Polish population was subjected to expulsions, confiscation of property, deportations to concentration camps and to forced labour, and executions. In November and December 1939, inhabitants of Pniewy were among Poles murdered in mass executions in Mędzisko and Szamotuły.
707 Jews lived in Pniewy in 1837, and 225 in 1910.
Sports
The local football club is Sokół Pniewy. It competes in the lower leagues, but in the 1990s it played in Poland's top division.
Education
There are two schools located in the town of Pniewy. The primary school of Powstańców Wielkopolskich and an upper-secondary school complex (high school and upper vocational school) Zespół Szkół im. Emilii Sczanieckiej.
Business
There are local and international companies operating in Pniewy and the Municipality of Pniewy.
Postęp Sp. z.o.o. company hires about 600 hundred employees. It manufactures furniture for IKEA company.
Twin cities- sister cities
Pniewy signed legal agreements for partnerships with municipalities. Halluin (France), Lübbenau and Oer - Erkenschwick (Germany), North - Tyneside (The UK), Kocevje (Slovenia), Radków and Kościerzyna (Poland).
Notable people
Ezekiel Caro, rabbi
Joseph Chayyim Caro, rabbi, called to the rabbinate of this town
Gustav Gottheil, American rabbi
Ursula Ledóchowska and Lawrence Wnuk, Polish Catholic clergy, buried in this city
Adolf Lewin, German rabbi and author
Josef Tal, composer
References
Cities and towns in Greater Poland Voivodeship
Szamotuły County
12th-century establishments in Poland
Populated places established in the 12th century | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pniewy |
Eric Lawrence Gans (born August 21, 1941) is an American literary scholar, philosopher of language, and cultural anthropologist. Since 1969, he has taught, and published on, 19th century literature, critical theory, and film in the UCLA Department of French and Francophone studies.
Gans invented a new science of human culture and origins he calls generative anthropology, based on the idea that the origin of language was a singular event and that the history of human culture is a genetic or "generative" development of that event. In a series of books and articles beginning with The Origin of Language: A Formal Theory of Representation (1981), Gans has developed his ideas about human culture, language, and origins. In 1995, Gans founded (and continues to edit) the web-based journal Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology as a scholarly forum for research into human culture and origins based on generative anthropology and the closely related fundamental anthropology of René Girard. Since 1995, Gans has web-published his "Chronicles of Love and Resentment", consisting of reflections on everything from popular culture, film, post-modernism, economics, contemporary politics, the Holocaust, philosophy, religion, and paleoanthropology. In 2010, the Generative Anthropology Society & Conference was created for sponsoring annual conferences dedicated to generative anthropology.
Generative anthropology
Background
Generative anthropology grew out of Gans's association with Girard at Johns Hopkins University. Gans was one of Girard's first doctoral students, receiving his PhD in 1966. But it was only on the publication of Violence and the Sacred in 1972 that Gans became interested in Girard's idea of mimetic desire and the connection between violence and the sacred in Girard's work. The concept of mimetic desire forms one of the cornerstones of generative anthropology. Girard argues that human desire is essentially cultural or social in nature, and thus distinct from mere appetite, which is biological. For Girard, desire is triangular in structure, an imitation of the desire of another. Desire, therefore, leads to conflict, when two individuals attempt to possess the same object. In a group, this mimetic conflict typically escalates into a mimetic crisis which threatens the very existence of the group. For Girard, this conflict is resolved by the scapegoat mechanism, in which the destructive energies of the group are purged through the violence directed towards an arbitrarily selected victim. Girard sees the scapegoating mechanism as the origin of human culture and language.
Originary hypothesis
Gans agrees with Girard that human language originates in the context of a mimetic crisis, but he does not find the scapegoat mechanism, by itself, as an adequate explanation for the origin of language. Gans hypothesizes that language originates in "an aborted gesture of appropriation", which signifies the desired object as sacred and which memorializes the birth of language, serving as the basis for rituals which recreate the originary event symbolically. The originary sign serves to defer the mimetic violence threatening the group, hence Gans's capsule definition of culture as "the deferral of violence through representation". For a more detailed explanation of the originary hypothesis, see generative anthropology.
Scene of representation
For Gans, language is essentially "scenic" in character, that is, structurally defined by a sacred center and human periphery. In the secular culture which develops later, "significance" serves as an attenuated form of the sacred. The scene of representation is a true cultural universal and the basic model for cultural analysis. Generative anthropology attempts to understand the various means by which transcendence or meaning (which is always ethically functional) is created on a scene of representation.
Life and education
Eric Lawrence Gans was born in the Bronx, New York, on August 21, 1941. He went to Columbia University at the age of 16 and received a B.A. in French (summa cum laude) in 1960. Going on to graduate work in Romance languages at Johns Hopkins University, he received his M.A. in 1961 and a Ph.D (with distinction) in 1966. After two years as an assistant professor at Indiana University, he moved to the Department of French at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1969, where he became full professor in 1976. In 1978, he served at Johns Hopkins University as a visiting professor. From 2007 until 2014 he was honored as a distinguished professor at UCLA until he resigned after being found in violation of the UCLA sexual misconduct policy. Since 2015, he is Distinguished Professor Emeritus at UCLA but is forbidden to teach or advise students.
Sexual harassment allegations
In 2015, Gans was found guilty of violating the UC Policy on Sexual Harassment and the Faculty Code of Conduct. In 2011–2012, Gans began sending unwanted and unsolicited emails to his female graduate student, professing his love for her. Gans acknowledged the feelings were one-sided: "There is no doubt an asymmetry in our affection". According to the results of the Title IX investigation launched in response to the student's complaints, Gans continued his advancements after his student repeatedly tried to get him to cease.
Gans, however, denied his advances were unwanted in an interview with The Daily Californian: "I'm an old-fashioned guy. I treat women with a kind of reverence. Some women appreciate this, but some don't." Gans alleged the Title IX investigation was a set-up orchestrated by the department chair and described his former student as "a weak person, she was intimidated by them, [and] she wasn't the best student".
Critics
The main source of criticism directed against Gans's work comes from Girard himself, who claims that generative anthropology is just another version of social contract theories of origins. Gans has responded to Girard's criticisms and defended his theory in his books and articles. Others take issue with Gans's conservative political views as expressed in his Chronicles of Love and Resentment. Gans has entered into conversation with contrasting views on Middle Eastern politics in his published dialogue with Ammar Abdulhamid: "A Dialogue on the Middle East and Other Subjects".
Generative Anthropology Society & Conference
The Generative Anthropology Society & Conference (GASC) is a scholarly association formed for the purpose of facilitating intellectual exchange amongst those interested in fundamental reflection on the human, originary thinking, and generative anthropology, including support for regular conferences. GASC was formally organized on June 24, 2010, at Westminster College, Salt Lake City, during the 4th Annual Generative Anthropology Summer Conference.
Since 2007, Generative Anthropology Society & Conference (GASC) has held an annual summer conference on generative anthropology. The 14th summer conference, which was to be held at Bar-Ilan University, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
2007 – Kwantlen University College of University of British Columbia (Vancouver, British Columbia)
2008 – Chapman University (Orange, California)
2009 – University of Ottawa (Ottawa, Canada)
2010 – Westminster College (Salt Lake City, Utah) and Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah)
2011 – High Point University (High Point, North Carolina)
2012 – International Christian University (Tokyo, Japan)
2013 – University of California, Los Angeles
2014 – University of Victoria (Victoria, British Columbia)
2015 – High Point University (High Point, North Carolina)
2016 – Kinjo Gakuin University (Nagoya, Japan)
2017 – Stockholm University (Stockholm, Sweden)
2018 – Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University (Warsaw, Poland)
2019 – NYC Conference Center (New York City)
Honors
Phi Beta Kappa (elected in junior year)
Woodrow Wilson fellow 1960–61
Prix de la langue française – Académie française 1977
Chevalier des Palmes Académiques 1982
Bibliography
Books
The Discovery of Illusion: Flaubert's Early Works, 1835–37. University of California Press, 1971.
The Origin of Language: A Formal Theory of Representation. University of California Press, 1981.
The End of Culture: Toward a Generative Anthropology. University of California Press, 1985.
Madame Bovary: The End of Romance. Boston: G. K. Hall (Twayne's Masterwork Studies), 1989.
Science and Faith: The Anthropology of Revelation. Savage, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield, 1990.
Originary Thinking: Elements of Generative Anthropology. Stanford University Press, 1993.
Signs of Paradox: Irony, Resentment, and Other Mimetic Structures. Stanford University Press, 1997.
The Scenic Imagination: Originary Thinking from Hobbes to the Present Day. Stanford University Press, 2007.
Carole Landis: A Most Beautiful Girl. University of Mississippi Press, 2008.
A New Way of Thinking: Generative Anthropology in Religion, Philosophy, Art. The Davies Group, 2011.
The Girardian Origins of Generative Anthropology. Imitatio/Amazon Digital Services, 2012.
bijela krivnja / white guilt. Zagreb, Croatia: Kršćanska Sadašnjost, 2013.
Les fleurs du mal: a new translation. New York: Spuyten Duyvil Publishing, 2015.
Science and Faith: The Anthropology of Revelation. Second edition. Aurora Colo.: Noesis Press (Deferrals & Disciplines), 2015.
(with Adam Katz) The First Shall Be The Last: Rethinking Antisemitism. Leiden: Brill, 2015.
Selected articles
"Scandal to the Jews, Folly to the Pagans." Diacritics 9, 3, (Fall 1979): 43–53.
"Differences." Modern Language Notes 96 (French, Spring 1981): 792–808.
"Beckett and the Problem of Modern Culture." SubStance XI, 2 (1982): 3–15.
"The Culture of Resentment." Philosophy and Literature 8, 1 (April 1984): 55–66.
"Christian morality and the Pauline Revelation." Semeia 33 (1985): 97–108.
"Sacred Text in Secular Culture." In To Honor René Girard, Stanford French & Italian Studies 34, (1986): 51–64.
"Art and Entertainment." Perspectives of New Music 24, 1 (Fall–Winter 1985): 24–37.
"The Necessity of Fiction." SubStance 50 (September 1986): 36–47.
"The Past and Future of Generative Anthropology: Reflections on the Departmental Colloquium." Paroles Gelées: UCLA French Studies 8 (1990): 35–41.
"The Beginning and End of Esthetic Form." Perspectives of New Music 29, 2 (Summer 1991): 8–21.
"The Unique Source of Religion and Morality." Anthropoetics 1, 1 (June 1995): 10 pp. Revised version in Contagion 3 (Spring 1996): 51–65.
"Mimetic Paradox and the Event of Human Origin." Anthropoetics 1, 2 (December 1995): 15 pp.
"Plato and the Birth of Conceptual Thought." Anthropoetics 2, 2 (January 1997): 11 pp.
"Chronicles of Love and Resentment" [selections]. Epoché XX (1995–96): 1–22.
"The Holocaust and the Victimary Revolution." In Poetics of the Americas: Race, Founding, and Textuality, Baton Rouge and London: Louisiana State University Press, 1997, 123–139.
"Originary Narrative." Anthropoetics 3, 2 (February 1998): 10 pp.
"Aesthetics and Cultural Criticism." Boundary 2 25, 1 (Spring 1998): 67–85.
"The Little Bang: The Early Origin of Language." Anthropoetics 5, 1 (Spring/Summer 1999) : 6 pp. Also in Contagion 7 (Spring 2000): 1–17.
"The Last Word in Lyric: Mallarmé's Silent Siren." New Literary History 30, 4 (Autumn 1999): 785–814.
"'Staging as an Anthropological Category.'" New Literary History 31, 1 (Winter 2000): 45–56.
"The Sacred and the Social: Defining Durkheim's Anthropological Legacy." Anthropoetics 6, 1 (Spring / Summer 2000): 7 pp.
"Form Against Content: René Girard's Theory of Tragedy." Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 56, 1–2 (January–June 2000): 53–65.
"The Body Sacrificial." In The Body Aesthetic: From Fine Art to Body Modification, ed. Tobin Siebers, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000, 159–178.
"Originary Democracy and the Critique of Pure Fairness." In The Democratic Experience and Political Violence, ed. David C. Rapoport and Leonard Weinberg, London: Frank Cass, 2001, 308–324. Also issued as Terrorism and Political Violence 12, 3–4 (Autumn/Winter 2000).
"Mallarmé contra Wagner." Philosophy and Literature 25, 1 (April 2001): 14–30.
(with Ammar Abdulhamid) "A Dialogue on the Middle East and Other Subjects." Anthropoetics 7, 2 (Fall 2001 / Winter 2002): 16 pp. Also (in two parts) in Maaber 8 (Fall 2002) and 9 (fourth quarter, 2002).
"Originary and/or Kantian Aesthetics." (Munich) 35, 3–4 (2003): 335–353.
"End of an Illusion." [on Quentin Tarantino] Cinematic: The Harvard Annual Film Review 2 (2004): 29–31.
"The Market and Resentment." In Passions in Economy, Politics, and the Media, ed. and Petra Steinmar-Pösel, Vienna: Lit Verlag, 2005, 85–102.
"Clouzot's Cruel Crow." p.o.v.: A Danish Journal of Film Studies 20 (12/2005): 51–58.
"John Rawls's Originary Theory of Justice." Contagion 13 (2006): 149–158.
"White Guilt, Past and Future." Anthropoetics 12, 2 (Fall 2006/Winter 2007): 8 pp.
"Qu'est-ce que la littérature, aujourd'hui?" New Literary History 38, 1 (Winter 2007): 33–41.
(with Antun Pavešković) "Razgovor o generativnoj antropologiji" [Conversation about generative anthropology]; "Podrijetlo jezika" [The origin of language]. Republika (Zagreb) LXIII, 5 (May 2007): 48–76.
"On Firstness" (45–57) and "Generative Anthropology and Bronx Romanticism" (153–164). The Originary Hypothesis: A Minimal Proposal for Humanistic Inquiry (ed. Adam Katz), Davies Publishing Group, 2007.
"Generative Anthropology: A New Way of Thinking?" Anthropoetics 13, 2 (Special GATE Issue, Fall 2007).
"La priméité: de l'origine à l'Holocauste et au-delà." In René Girard. Paris: L'Herne, 2008, 255–260.
"Religion et connaissance." Intellectica. 50 (2008/3): 61–72.
"René et moi." In For René Girard. ed. Goodhart et al., East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2009, 19–25.
Interview with August 2009.
"Hermeneutika" [Hermeneutics]. Republika. (Zagreb) LXVI, 1 (January 2010): 46–50.
"A Brief Analysis of Deconstruction." Dialectic (University of Utah School of Architecture), 1 (2011–12): 31–34.
"Eric Gans traduit Les Fleurs du mal de Baudelaire." [Introduction and translations of twelve sonnets.] Po&sie 144 (Fall 2013): 146–158.
Foreword to Ammar Abdulhamid, The Irreverent Activist. Self-published, 2014: xxiii–xxvi.
"On the One Medium." In Mimesis, Movies, and Media, (Violence, Desire, and the Sacred 3), eds. Scott Cowdell, Chris Fleming, and Joel Hodge. New York and London: Bloomsbury, 2015, 7–15.
References
External links
Gans's profile, UCLA
Anthropoetics: The Journal of Generative Anthropology
Chronicles of Love and Resentment (archived June 2013)
Generative Anthropology Society & Conference
Living people
1941 births
Linguists from the United States
American anthropologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Gans |
Nintendo Gamer was a magazine published in the United Kingdom which mainly covered Nintendo video game consoles and software. It was the successor publication to N64 Magazine, later renamed NGC Magazine (1997–2006), and Super Play (1992–1996), continuing the unique style of those magazines. The publication was originally known as NGamer, with the first issue being released on 13 July 2006. From issue 71 onward, released on 5 January 2012, the magazine was renamed Nintendo Gamer and was significantly reformatted. On 30 August 2012, it was announced that issue 80 was to be the magazine's final issue.
Upon launch the magazine covered the Nintendo DS, GameCube and Game Boy Advance game consoles, with pre-release coverage of the Wii. Full coverage of the Wii and Nintendo 3DS was added over time, as were reports about the then-upcoming Wii U in later issues.
Editorial staff and guest reviewers
Mark Green served as editor from issues 1 to 19. Nick Ellis served as editor for issues 20 to 47, and deputy editor Martin Kitts stood in as editor until his return. Ellis returned as editor for issues 54 to 56 and issues 78 to the final 80th issue. Guest reviewers included Wil Overton, Tim Weaver, Alex Dale, Mike Gapper, Richard Stanton, John Walker, Matthew Pellett, Rory Smith, Geraint Evans, and Tom Sykes.
Other languages
A Brazilian edition, , was published by Editora Europa from 2007 to 2010. It featured links with the original NGamer and some features from the UK magazine were translated. It was published monthly with a page length of about 100 pages.
In October 2007, the Spanish version of the magazine became available in stores. It was published by Editorial Globus. However, it only lasted 19 issues until it stopped being published in 2009. Most of its content were translated from the UK issues.
There was another Nintendo magazine named NGamer (alternative spelling: [N]Gamer) published in the Netherlands with no links to the UK magazine. This magazine pre-dates the British version by three years; it was published from 2003 to 2013.
References
External links
Official website
Official subscription site
Digital version of Issue 11
Spanish NGamer website
2006 establishments in the United Kingdom
2012 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Video game magazines published in the United Kingdom
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 2006
Magazines disestablished in 2012
Magazines about Nintendo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nintendo%20Gamer |
Lelant () is a village in west Cornwall, England, UK. It is on the west side of the Hayle Estuary, about southeast of St Ives and one mile (1.6 km) west of Hayle. The village is part of St Ives civil parish (meaning that it falls within the parish area of St Ives Town Council), the Lelant and Carbis Bay ward on Cornwall Council, and also the St Ives Parliamentary constituency. The birth, marriage, and death registration district is Penzance. Its population at the 2011 census was 3,892 The South West Coast Path, which follows the coast of south west England from Somerset to Dorset passes through Lelant, along the estuary and above Porth Kidney Sands.
History
The name is derived from the Cornish lann and Anta, meaning church-site of Anta. The earliest attested spelling is Lananta in about 1170. Nothing is known about Anta, and Lelant parish church is dedicated to St Uny. However, Carbis Bay church is dedicated to St Anta. Arthur Langdon (1896) records eight stone crosses in the parish, of which four are in the churchyard; the other crosses are at Brunian Cairn, Lelant Lane, Sea Lane and the churchtown.
At one time Lelant was an important town and seaport having a market and a custom-house. A parish terrier of 1727 describing the bounds of the glebe land states that about 50 acres of land, and the vicarage, were overwhelmed by sand. The terrier does not give a date but does say that it was not in the living memory of man. In the spring of 1875, during the building of the railway line between St Erth railway station and St Ives, several human skeletons, graves and a building were found by a gang of navvies. Observers of the building thought it was of an ecclesiastical nature, and it is possible that it is the site of a pre-Norman church, burial ground and the former Lelant town. Lelant was formerly an ecclesiastical parish being the mother church of both Towednack and St Ives. The parish church of St Uny's Church, Lelant is situated at the east end of the village on the edge of the towans and overlooking the West Cornwall Golf Club. Lelant was a seaport in the Middle Ages, but the trade was lost to St Ives when the estuary silted up.
At Lower Lelant is a house called The Abbey which was built in the 16th century and renovated in the 18th. In 1831 it was reported that much granite was quarried here, and that there were several tin mines nearby. The family of Praed were landowners here for many centuries. The early 19th century politician and poet Winthrop Mackworth Praed was a member of the family, though he did not live in Cornwall.
The local community radio station is Coast FM (formerly Penwith Radio), which broadcasts on 96.5 and 97.2 FM.
On 15 October 1878, the School Board Office of Uny Lelant advertised for tenders for the building of a school to accommodate 234 children. The architect was Silvanus Trevail of Tywardreath. The school, at Trevarrack, west of Lelant, is currently a public house.
Transport
Lelant lies on the short A3074 road that leads to Carbis Bay and St Ives, just to the north of the main A30 after it bypasses Hayle and where it swings southwestwards across country towards Penzance on the south coast, about six miles away.
The village is served by two railway stations on the St Ives branch. The original station, Lelant, was built by the Great Western Railway in 1877 to serve Lelant village. Lelant Saltings was built in 1978 as a park and ride station to relieve traffic congestion in St Ives and Carbis Bay. However, in June 2019, the park and ride facilities closed.
The St Michael’s Way trail, established in 1994, starts at Lelant parish church and terminates later on the south coast at St Michael's Mount. The initial segment of this modern pilgrim route coincides with the South West Coast Path as far as the western end of Carbis Bay.
Sport
The West Cornwall Golf Club is situated to the east of the village overlooking St Ives Bay and Godrevy Island. It is the oldest golf club in Cornwall. St Ives Town play in the Cornwall Combination, a level 12 league in the English football league system. They play their home matches at the Saltings, which is between the village and Lelant Saltings railway station.
Cornish wrestling
Cornish wrestling tournaments were held in field opposite the Ship Inn in Lelant.
Notable people
Jim Barnes, golfer; winner of the PGA Championship, the U.S. Open, and the British Open
Philip Christophers, member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, Canada
Rosamunde Pilcher, author of romance novels
References
External links
St Ives Town Council
Villages in Cornwall
Populated coastal places in Cornwall
Penwith
St Ives, Cornwall | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lelant |
Vita Hludovici or Vita Hludovici Imperatoris (The Life of Louis or the Life of the Emperor Louis) is an anonymous biography of Louis the Pious, Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from AD 814 to 840.
Author
The work was written in Latin in or soon after AD 840 by an anonymous author who is conventionally called Astronomus, the Astronomer or sometimes the Limousin Astronomer. This is due to his many detailed comments on astronomical matters in the work upon which he describes himself as "one credited with having knowledge of this subject." He held office at the court of Louis the Pious, and his cultural and religious references suggest that he was not a churchman. It has been conjectured, based on evidence within the text, that the author was born around AD 800 and that his nationality was not Gothic or Frankish.
The author's attitude to his subject is clearly subordinate and one of admiration, yet he does not idealise Louis in the same way as, for example, Einhard does in his Life of Charlemagne. It has been suggested that the author exhibits a degree of disapproval towards clerics and the workings of the Frankish Church, lending weight to the view that he was not formally connected to the Church. Nevertheless, the most popular recent ideas (see below) do identify him as a cleric.
Identification
Various attempts have been made to identify the author with a particular individual. In 1729, Von Eckhart thought he was a notary attached to Louis' court between 816 and 839. Von Simson in 1909 attempted to identify him as Archdeacon Gerolt, a cleric at court. Max Buchner, the author of one of the most influential modern studies of the Astronomer's work in 1940, identified him as Hilduin, the chancellor of Pippin II of Aquitaine and Charles the Bald.
Ernst Tremp supports this view in his important 1995 study, although Buchner and Tremp differ by about a decade in their dating of the work.
Tischler has most recently tried to make a case that the Astronomer was Jonas of Orleans but the Hilduin theory remains more popular amongst historians. Recently, Courtney Booker suggested Walafrid Strabo was the Astronomer.
See also
Gesta Hludowici Imperatoris by Thegan of Trier
References
Bibliography
External links
Full text in Latin from Tremp's 1995 edition.
Selected text in English on the siege of Barcelona from P.D. King's 1989 edition.
9th-century Latin books
Biographical books
Biographies about royalty
Latin biographies
Carolingian Latin historical texts
9th-century writers in Latin
Writers from the Carolingian Empire
9th-century astronomers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vita%20Hludovici |
Torque is a supervillain in the DC Comics Universe and an enemy of Nightwing. Created by writer Chuck Dixon and artist Scott McDaniel, he first appeared in Nightwing (vol. 2) #1 (October 1996).
Fictional character biography
Inspector Dudley "Deadly" Soames was the dirtiest man working in the corrupt Blüdhaven Police Department. He first met Nightwing when he was ordered by Delmore Redhorn, the Police Chief, to execute the young vigilante. Soames, however, betrayed Redhorn and allowed Nightwing to live, with the intention to pit various factions in Blüdhaven against one another. He played both sides of the legal fence: he fed information on the Blockbuster's criminal dealings to Nightwing, served the Blockbuster as a mob lieutenant and oversaw many of the criminal activities of Chief Redhorn's corrupt tenure with the police.
After Soames' scheme to use the Scarecrow against Nightwing failed disastrously, the Blockbuster grew weary of his underling and attempted to have him killed. Soames responded with surprising cunning and ultimately tried to take the Blockbuster's invalid mother hostage as part of a last bid for power. Nightwing attempted to intervene, but was forced to save innocent bystanders as the Blockbuster twisted the dirty cop's head 180 degrees, leaving Soames for dead.
Nevertheless, Soames' survival was a result of sheer luck, as his windpipe remained unharmed for a sufficient duration, allowing him to be transitioned to life support. Despite enduring a lasting neck twist, a revolutionary medical approach facilitated intricate micro-surgery, enabling the reconnection of his nerve endings and ultimately restoring his mobility. With control of his body restored, but informed that it would be impossible to turn his head back the right way around, Soames spent some time retraining himself to move normally, "seeing through the back of his head" with the use of glasses with a built-in array of mirrors. Still disgusted at his new condition despite the doctor's assurances that everything that could be done had been done, Soames brutally killed the doctor that had saved his life, morbidly renamed himself Torque, and (gaining the support of Intergang) started a new gang war for the control of Blüdhaven, revenge against the Blockbuster, Nightwing and the city he now felt he owned.
Torque fights Nightwing and the vigilante "Nite-Wing" shortly after the assassination of Ricky Noone. The Blockbuster is not pleased that there is a crime turf war without him.
After descending further into madness, Soames was brought to justice by Nightwing, only to arrange a prison break with the help of the psychopathic vigilante Nite-Wing, who also seeks to settle his own vendetta against Nightwing. This would prove his undoing, since once freed, he wasted no time in returning to his old plans, even attempting to enlist Nite-Wing into his reign of terror. The vigilante, however, had a zero-tolerance policy for crime and, upon realizing Soames' true nature, the two entered into a Mexican standoff that only Nite-Wing survived.
In other media
Torque briefly appears in the Arrow season two finale "Unthinkable", portrayed by Michael Adamthwaite. After Amanda Waller orders a drone strike on Star City, John Diggle and Lyla Michaels release all of the Suicide Squad, including Torque, who then force Waller to stop the drone strike, which she eventually complies to. Though his real name is never stated, it is most likely the same one as his comic book counterpart.
See also
List of Batman family enemies
References
Characters created by Chuck Dixon
Comics characters introduced in 1996
Fictional gangsters
Fictional murderers
DC Comics police officers
DC Comics supervillains
Dick Grayson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque%20%28DC%20Comics%29 |
Kin-Yip Chun is a Canadian geophysicist at the University of Toronto's Department of Physics. He gained attention when he sued the University of Toronto for alleged racial discrimination.
Academic career
Chun received a Bachelor of Applied Science degree in Engineering Science from the University of Toronto, an M.A. in Geophysics at Columbia University and a Ph.D. at Berkeley. From 1983 to 1984, he
was a postdoctoral fellow at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory at UC
Berkeley. He joined the University of Toronto as a research associate in 1985. His research was in seismology.
As a research associate, he was not on the university's payroll. He depended upon research grants to fund his work and cover his living expenses. Chun remained a research associate for nine years, serving as a `status only' faculty member from 1990 to 1992. His employment was never transformed into a permanent academic appointment. He applied for the four permanent, tenure-stream positions that came open at the University of Toronto in geophysics between 1987 and 1992. He was short-listed for the first three positions, but was not successful in any. He was not short-listed on the fourth.
In 1994, the University appointed a dean from the faculty of medicine to investigate allegations that Chun had that he had been“improperly denied a permanent academic position in the Department of Physics because of his race”and that he had been “the victim of harassment and discrimination by faculty members in the Department of Physics based on his race.”
The report, which was released in October 1994, reviewed the job searches and determined that there was no evidence that, “Dr. Chun was improperly denied a permanent academic position in the department of physics because of his race.” Chun's contract was terminated at the end of 1994.
The Dr. Chun Case
Chun's dismissal soon drew nationwide media attention to his plight. He was supported by many student groups and the Ontario NDP leader Howard Hampton. In June 1995, the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) sent two members of the Academic Freedom and Tenure (AF&T) Committee to the University of Toronto to investigate, and their report suggested a pattern of systematic discrimination. The AF&T also made several recommendations, including allowing Chun to return to the university with a salary and job security, and holding a fair competition for a tenured position in the faculty. The Ontario Human Rights Commission backed Chun's complaint, stating that racism was a factor in stopping him from obtaining a full-time position, describing the Physics Department as a "poisoned work environment", "cronyism", "the dynamic of an 'old boys' network" operating in all four job competitions, and "a series of reprisals culminating in his dismissal".
The University however refused to acknowledge the AF&T report and its recommendations, and tried to have the OHRC dismiss the case. The case dragged on for years. Back in 1994, the University's own appointed investigator for the case, Dr. Cecil Yip, stated that Dr. Chun "acted and has been treated like a professoriate in spite of the fact he has derived his salary support entirely from his own external research contracts. And he has served the Department and the University well in this capacity." Further, "it is certainly justified for Dr. Chun to feel ... he is being penalized for good performance", and concluded, "In my judgment Dr. Chun has been exploited by the Department." Overall, the Yip Report concluded that Chun had been exploited, though it found no evidence that he had been a victim of racism.
In 1998, Chun launched a $1-million lawsuit against the University for unjust dismissal.
Settlement and aftermath
By the time the controversy had ended, President Robert Prichard had departed and he had been succeeded by Robert Birgeneau. A mediated settlement was reached in 2000 and Chun dropped his appeal against the Ontario Human Rights Commission, as well as his $1-million lawsuit against the University. In return, Chun received a full-time faculty position of Research Scientist and Adjunct Professor, $100,000 in compensation, an estimated $150,000 in legal fees and a $260,000 research start-up fund.
Columns by Margaret Wente of The Globe and Mail which attacked the settlement received severe criticism from members of the university community.
The Arts & Science Students' Union (ASSU), which represents more than 22,000 full-time undergraduate students at the University of Toronto described the incident as the "Dr. Chun miscarriage of justice" when bringing up the controversies of Prichard's administration, on the back of their 2001 Arts and Sciences Anti-Calendar.
In 2003, the Canadian Association of University Teachers (CAUT) established a committee to study Dr. Chun's case. They concluded there were "serious irregularities" in the hiring process in each case and that Dr. Chun was treated unfairly. They discovered when he had made allegations of systemic discrimination, he was subject to various forms of harassment and unfair treatment, such as being prevented from attending departmental meetings, denied a faculty library card, frustrated from pursuing his research, and prohibited from teaching courses. The inquiry described this as a serious violation of academic freedom.
References
External links
The Committee in Support of Justice for Dr. Chun
Settlement
Report of the Independent Committee of Inquiry into Alleged Discrimination against Dr. Kin-Yip Chun at the University of Toronto
Dr. Chun Struggle: Overview of Case
U of T and Dr. Kin-Yip Chun settles race based human rights complaint through private mediation
Chronology
Breaking the Silence: A scholar’s story of alleged racism at U of T
Chilly reception at the lodge
The Bravery of Dr. Chun
Editorial
The Varsity
Open Letter to Dr. R. Birgeneau, President University of Toronto, from the Board of Directors, Society for Academic Freedom and Scholarship
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Anti-Chinese sentiment in Canada
Canadian expatriate academics in the United States
Canadian geophysicists
Canadian people of Chinese descent
Columbia University alumni
Race and law
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of Toronto alumni
Academic staff of the University of Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kin-Yip%20Chun |
The United States Code Congressional and Administrative News (U.S.C.C.A.N.) is a publication that collects selected congressional and administrative materials. U.S.C.C.A.N. was first published in 1941 and has continued to be published in monthly pamphlets. Among other documents, U.S.C.C.A.N. publishes the full text of new federal laws, presidential proclamations, executive orders, federal regulations and sentencing guidelines. Prior to the 99th Congress, the legislative history materials in contained only a House or Senate report. It is recommended by the Bluebook as a citation source.
History
The United States Code Congressional and Administrative News (U.S.C.C.A.N.) is a West Group publication that collects selected congressional and administrative materials for publication in a single resource. U.S.C.C.A.N. was first published in 1941 with the 1st Session of the 77th Congress and has been published with every session of Congress since.
Content
U.S.C.C.A.N. is published in monthly pamphlets that contain a cumulative subject index and cumulative Table of Laws Enacted in addition to the selected documents. The pamphlets are then reissued in bound volumes after each session of Congress concludes. Among other documents, U.S.C.C.A.N. publishes the full text of new federal laws, selected committee reports from the House and Senate, signing statements, presidential proclamations, executive orders, reorganization plans, President's messages, federal regulations, proposed constitutional amendments, federal court rules, and sentencing guidelines all arranged in chronological order.
When published in bound volumes, the legislative history documents are placed in separate volumes apart from the rest of the materials published by U.S.C.C.A.N. Prior to the 99th Congress, the legislative history materials in U.S.C.C.A.N. contained only a House or Senate report. Since the 99th Congress (1985–87), the legislative history materials in U.S.C.C.A.N. have included the House or Senate report, the committee report, and any presidential signing statements. U.S.C.C.A.N. is considered a more readily accessible source for some of these materials, like committee reports, than the originals. As a result, it is recommended by the Bluebook as a citation source in addition to the original document.
See also
United States Code
References
West (publisher)
Legal literature
United States federal law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20Code%20Congressional%20and%20Administrative%20News |
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (ACADs) are a class of enzymes that function to catalyze the initial step in each cycle of fatty acid β-oxidation in the mitochondria of cells. Their action results in the introduction of a trans double-bond between C2 (α) and C3 (β) of the acyl-CoA thioester substrate. Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) is a required co-factor in addition to the presence of an active site glutamate in order for the enzyme to function.
The following reaction is the oxidation of the fatty acid by FAD to afford an α,β-unsaturated fatty acid thioester of Coenzyme A:
ACADs can be categorized into three distinct groups based on their specificity for short-, medium-, or long-chain fatty acid acyl-CoA substrates. While different dehydrogenases target fatty acids of varying chain length, all types of ACADs are mechanistically similar. Differences in the enzyme occur based on the location of the active site along the amino acid sequence.
ACADs are an important class of enzymes in mammalian cells because of their role in metabolizing fatty acids present in ingested food materials. This enzyme's action represents the first step in fatty acid metabolism (the process of breaking long chains of fatty acids into acetyl CoA molecules). Deficiencies in these enzymes are linked to genetic disorders involving fatty acid oxidation (i.e. metabolic disorders).
ACAD enzymes have been identified in animals (of which there are 9 major eukaryotic classes), as well as plants, nematodes, fungi, and bacteria. Five of these nine classes are involved in fatty acid β-oxidation (SCAD, MCAD, LCAD, VLCAD, and VLCAD2), and the other four are involved in branched chain amino acid metabolism (i3VD, i2VD, GD, and iBD). Most acyl-CoA dehydrogenases are α4 homotetramers, and in two cases (for very long chain fatty acid substrates) they are α2 homodimers. An additional class of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase was discovered that catalyzes α,β-unsaturation reactions with steroid-CoA thioesters in certain types of bacteria. This class of ACAD was demonstrated to form α2β2 heterotetramers, rather than the usual α4 homotetramer, a protein architecture that evolved in order to accommodate a much larger steroid-CoA substrate.
ACADs are classified as .
Structure
The medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) is the best known structure of all ACADs, and is the most commonly deficient enzyme within the class that leads to metabolic disorders in animals. This protein is a homotetramer with each subunit containing roughly 400 amino acids and one equivalent of FAD per monomer. The tetramer is classified as a "dimer of dimers" with an overall diameter of approximately 90 Å.
The interface between the two monomers of a single dimer of an ACAD contains the FAD binding sites and has extensive bonding interactions. In contrast, the interface between the two dimers has fewer interactions. There are a total of 4 active sites within the tetramer, each of which contains a single FAD molecule and an acyl-CoA substrate binding site. This gives a total of four FAD molecules and four acyl-CoA substrate binding sites per enzyme.
FAD is bound between the three domains of the monomer, where only the nucleotide portion is accessible. FAD binding contributes significantly to overall enzyme stability. The acyl-CoA substrate is bound completely within each monomer of the enzyme. The active site is lined with the residues F252, T255, V259, T96, T99, A100, L103, Y375, Y375, and E376. The area of interest within the substrate becomes wedged between Glu 376 and FAD, lining up the molecules into an ideal position for the reaction.
MCAD can bind to a rather broad range of chain-lengths in the acyl-CoA substrate, however studies show that its specificity tends to target octanoyl-CoA (C8-CoA).
A novel ACAD enzyme architecture in some species of steroid-utilizing bacteria (Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota) was discovered, and is involved in the utilization of ubiquitous steroid substrates like cholesterol by pathogenic organisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genetically, the structure is encoded by two separate genes (open reading frames) that form an obligate α2β2 heterotetramic complex. The structure was most likely the result of an evolutionary event that caused gene duplication and partial loss of function, since half of the FAD cofactor binding residues are in each gene, and only make a complete binding site when expressed together as a complex. This probably allowed for the substrate binding site to open up considerably to accommodate much larger polycyclic-CoA substrates, rather than fatty acids of varying chain lengths.
Mechanism
The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mechanism proceeds through an E2 elimination. This elimination is initiated by a glutamate residue, which, while necessary for the mechanism, is not conserved.
The residue appears in a wide range of locations within the different types of the enzyme (it is Glu 376 in MCAD). The glutamate residue deprotonates the pro-R hydrogen of the alpha carbon. Hydrogen bonding of the substrate's carbonyl oxygen to both the 2'-OH of the ribityl side-chain of FAD and to the main chain N-H of the previously mentioned glutamate residue lowers the pKa of this proton, allowing it to be readily removed by glutamate.
As the alpha carbon is being deprotonated, the pro-R hydrogen of the beta carbon leaves as a hydride to FAD in a concerted step. It adds to the Re face of FAD at the N-5 position, and the enzyme holds FAD in place through hydrogen bonding with the pyrimidine portion and hydrophobic interactions with the dimethylbenzene portion. The substrate has now been transformed into an α,β unsaturated thioester.
As FAD picks up the hydride, the carbonyl oxygen adjacent to the N-1 nitrogen becomes negatively charged. These electrons are in resonance with the N-1 nitrogen, distributing and stabilizing the resulting negative charge. The charge is also stabilized by hydrogen bonding between the oxygen and nitrogen of interest and various residues within the enzyme.
Clinical significance
Deficiencies in acyl-CoA dehydrogenases result in decreased ability to oxidize fatty acids, thereby signifying metabolic dysfunction. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiencies (MCADD) are well known and characterized because they occur most commonly among acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, leading to fatty acid oxidation disorders and the potential of life-threatening metabolic diseases. Some symptoms of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency include intolerance to fasting, hypoglycemia, and sudden infant death syndrome. These symptoms are seen as directly connected to the inability to metabolize fats. Intolerance to fasting and hypoglycemia result from the inability to gain energy and make sugar from fat stores, which is how most of humans' excess energy is stored. Also, fatty acids can begin to accumulate in the blood, lowering the blood's pH and causing acidosis.
MCAD is related to / has an association with sudden infant death. Approximately 90% of cases of MCAD are due to a single point mutation where the lysine at position 304 (Lys304)is replaced by a glutamate residue and this prevents the enzyme from properly functioning. It is reported that, every year, 1 in 20,000 infants is born with a deficiency in his/her medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases that is caused by a mutation. The mutation is recessive, and often parents of children who have the deficiency can be diagnosed afterward as carriers.
In humans the most common naturally occurring mutation in MCAD is located at amino acid residue Lys-304. The altered residue occurs as a result of a single-point mutation in which the lysine side chain is replaced by a glutamate. Lys-304 typically interacts with surrounding amino acid residues by forming hydrogen bonds with Gln-342, Asp-300, and Asp-346. When a mutation causes glutamate to take the place of lysine, an additional negative charge is introduced at that site, which disrupts the normally occurring H-bonding. Such a disruption alters the folding pattern of the enzyme, ultimately compromising its stability and inhibiting its function in fatty acid oxidation. The efficiency of the mutated protein is about 10 times lower than that of the natural protein. This can lead to the symptoms of the deficiency listed above.
See also
Acyl CoA
Beta oxidation
References
"Molecular graphics images were produced using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR-01081). "
Further reading
External links
EC 1.3.99 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl-CoA%20dehydrogenase |
Arripis trutta, known as the Australian salmon in Australia and as kahawai in New Zealand, is a South Pacific marine fish and one of the four extant species within the genus Arripis, native to the cooler waters around the southeastern Australian coasts and the New Zealand coastline. Other common names for this species include Eastern Australian salmon, bay trout, blackback salmon (or just "black back"), buck salmon (or "buck"), cocky salmon, colonial salmon, newfish and salmon trout.
Although it is referred to as "salmon" in Australian English and its species epithet trutta is Latin for trout, it is not related to true salmons or trouts, which belong to the family Salmonidae of the order Salmoniformes. All Arripis species belong to the family Arripidae of the order Perciformes.
Taxonomy
Arripis trutta was first formally described in 1801 as Sciaena trutta by Marcus Elieser Bloch and Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider with the type locality given as the Cook Strait.
Description
Arripis trutta is a streamlined fish with a long and slender body. There is a bony ridge edge of bone beneath and in front of each eye which has obvious serrations in smaller individuals. In larger fish the scales feel smooth. The lobes of the caudal fin are equivalent in length to the head.
These fish are dark bluish-green dorsally and silvery white ventrally. The juveniles have golden bars on their upper flanks and these break up into large spots as the fish matures. The pectoral fin is vivid yellow and the caudal and spiny part of the dorsal fin both have a blackish margin. There are 9 spines and 15–17 soft rays in the dorsal fin and 3 spines and 9–10 soft rays in the anal fin. The maximum total length recorded is although they are commonly a total length of around and the maximum recorded weight is . The most consistent difference between this species and Arripis truttacea is the gill raker count, A. truttacea has 25–31 gill rakers and A trutta has 33–40.
Arripis trutta can differentiated from Arripis xylabion, as the former has a larger tail.
Distribution
Arripis trutta is found in the southwestern Pacific Ocean mostly around the littoral waters of the Tasman Sea and Bass Strait. In Australia, they are found from Moreton Bay in Queensland to western Victoria and northern Tasmania, with infrequent records at Kangaroo Island in South Australia. They are also found around Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island in the open waters of the Tasman Sea. In New Zealand, they are distributed around the coasts but are more common north of Kaikōura on the South Island. They are also found around the Chatham Islands and Kermadec Islands east of New Zealand.
Habitat and biology
Arripis trutta is a migratory fish that may swim long distances, sometimes thousands of kilometres. The adults congregate and form very large schools off oceanic beaches and exposed coasts coastal areas, and will enter rivers. The juveniles live in smaller schools in more sheltered areas such as bays and estuaries, and these mostly occur in the more southerly areas in which this species occurs. It is carnivorous and feeds mainly on small pelagic fish and crustaceans such as krill. They are highly visual predators, preying on a diverse variety which eat a variety of crustaceans and polychaetes during their juvenile phase, however, adults shift their preferred prey to small schooling baitfish such as pilchards, sprats and anchovies. There is some evidence that the diet of A. trutta has undergone a marked shift since the late 20th century, studies conducted during 1950s and 1960s found that the adults fed largely on krill and squid, which are animals associated with cooler waters. Studies during the early 21st century have shown that the main prey taken is small pelagic baitfish. It is thought that this shift is a result of long-term changes in the East Australian Current which brings warmer waters from the Coral Sea and has extended farther south since the 1990s. It is further thought that this "multi-decadal southward penetration of the EAC" is one of the more obvious indications of global warming and the recorded change in the diet of A trutta forms a biological record of oceanic warming.
Arripis trutta are preyed on by larger marine predators such as seals, dolphins and sharks. The feeding schools push the smaller fish they are preying on towards the surface, making them accessible to seabirds, In this way, this species has an important ecological role in facilitating transfer of energy among the upper levels of the pelagic food chain in inshore ecosystems. An example is the white-fronted tern (Sterna striata) which has the colloquial name "kahawai bird" because often feeds on shoaling fish in association with kahawai, gulls and shearwaters. Fishermen hunting for schools of kahawai to troll look out for the flocks of white-fronted terns feeding in association with the predatory fish.
The Australian population of this species spawns in the surf zone between Lakes Entrance in southeastern Victoria and Bermagui in New South Wales South Coast in the late spring and summer. They first spawn when they are around four years old and have attained a length of They can live for up to 26 years.
In a human context
Arripis trutta is a major traditional food for Māori. Many tribes would migrate to river mouths in summer months, when kahawai would swarm. Kahawai could be caught using flecks of iridescent pāua shells, or by using a pā kahawai, a specialised hook that incorporated pāua shell in the design. The name kahawai is specific to Māori language, as the word is not used for any similar species of fish across Polynesia.
Early European settlers to New Zealand did not like the fish, describing it as dry, coarse and flavourless. Overtime the fish grew in popularity, and is now one of the most caught recreational fish in the country.
Fisheries
Arripis trutta are caught in coastal waters, frequently in the vicinity of estuaries and off coastal beaches. Most of the commercial landings are caught using purse seines and spotter planes may be used to find the large schools They may also be taken as bycatch of purse seine and trawl fisheries pursuing other schooling species like snapper, mackerel and trevally. Although they are fished for throughout southern Australia, the main landings are in southern New South Wales and Eastern Victoria. The flesh of this species is not very popular with consumers and a high proportion of the landings have been used as pet-food or bait. In New Zealand the principal commercial fishing areas are north of Kaikōura in the South Island, off the coast of North Island and in the Cook Strait. Fisheries New Zealand manages that nation's fishery to maintain the population of A trutta at roughly 52% of the stock which was present before modern commercial fisheries began and in 2019 the population was well above that target.
Recreational fisheries
Arripis trutta are highly prized by recreational fishermen, especially for anglers fishing from beaches and rocks. Anglers tend to catch this species using light tackle or by fly fishing and it is said to be a "sporting catch".
References
External links
Juvenile Eastern Australian Salmon video on Youtube
Arripidae
Fish of the Pacific Ocean
Marine fish of Eastern Australia
Marine fish of New Zealand
Australian salmon
Taxa named by Johann Reinhold Forster | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arripis%20trutta |
Alexander Fol () (born in Sofia, Bulgaria on July 3, 1933; died in Sofia on March 1, 2006) was a Bulgarian historian and Thracologist. In 1957, he studied history at the University of St. Kliment Ohridski in Sofia and earned a PhD in 1966. He worked as a university lecturer from 1972 and became a professor in 1975. From 1980 to 1986, he served as Minister of Culture and Education of Republic of Bulgaria. His research interests lay in classical Greek and Roman history, the cultural history of southeast Europe and Asia Minor, and Indo-European studies. He is best known for his contributions to Thracology.
In 1972, he established the Institute of Thracology at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in Sofia, and became its first director until 1992. During this time he organized International Congresses of Thracology in Sofia, Bucharest, Vienna, Rotterdam, Moscow, and Palma de Mallorca. He was secretary-general of the International Council for Indo-European and Thracology Studies. He held a chair of Ancient History and Thracology at the University of Sofia between 1979 and 1987, and a chair of Cultural History of Southeastern Europe since 1991. He was the founder of the Bulgarian Research Institute in Vienna, and of the School for Antique Languages and Culture in Sofia (1977). Since 1983, he was director of archaeological excavations in the east Bulgarian village of Drama together with Jan Lichardus of the Institute of Prehistory and Early History at the Saarland University Saarbrücken (Germany).
Fol was a member of the Accademia Medicea in Florence, Italy. Moreover, he was a member of the German Archaeological Institute, the Académie Maison in Paris, France and the Leibniz-Sozietaet in Berlin. He received numerous invitations as guest lecturer in England, the United States, Russia, Germany, Japan, Greece, Italy, Sweden, and France. His publications comprise twelve monographies on Thracian social history, as well as several articles in the field of Thracology. Alexander Fol died of stomach cancer.
External links
Autobiography page
Alexander Fol, Orphica Magica I, Sofia 2004
Articles by Alexander Fol
1933 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from stomach cancer
20th-century Bulgarian historians
Thracologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Fol |
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, C-2 to C-3 short chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACADS gene. This gene encodes a tetrameric mitochondrial flavoprotein, which is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. This enzyme catalyzes the initial step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. The ACADS gene is associated with short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency.
Structure
The ACADS gene is approximately 13 kb in length and has 10 exons. The coding sequence of this gene is 1239 bp long. The encoded protein has 412 amino acids, and its size is 44.3 kDa (Human) or 44.9 KDa (Mouse).
Function
The SCAD enzyme catalyzes the first part of fatty acid beta-oxidation by forming a C2-C3 trans-double bond in the fatty acid through dehydrogenation of the flavoenzyme. SCAD is specific to short-chain fatty acids, between C2 and C3-acylCoA. The final result of beta-oxidation is acetyl-CoA. When there are defects that result in SCAD being misfolded, there is an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS); the increased ROS forces the mitochondria to undergo fission, and the mitochondrial reticulum takes on a grain-like structure.
Clinical significance
Mutations of the ACADS gene are associated with deficiency of the short-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase protein (SCADD); this is also known as butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Many mutations have been identified in specific populations, and large-scale studies have been performed to determine the allelic and genotypic frequency for the defective gene. As short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is involved in beta-oxidation, a deficiency in this enzyme is marked by an increased amount of fatty acids. This deficiency is characterized by the presence of increased butyrylcarnitine (C4) in blood plasma, and increased ethylmalonic acid (EMA) concentrations in urine. Genotypes of individuals with this deficiency have it as a result of a mutation, variant, or a combination of the two. Among one population with the disease, three subgroups have been identified: one group has a failure to thrive, feeding difficulties, and hypotonia; another group had seizures; finally, one group had hypotonia and no seizures. Other studies showed that the deficiency may be asymptomatic in some individuals under normal conditions, with symptoms presenting under physiological stress conditions such as fasting or illness. The treatment of this deficiency can sometimes be unclear, because it can sometimes be asymptomatic. The treatment for this disease is similar to treatment of other fatty acid oxidation disorders, by trying to restore biochemical and physiologic homeostasis, by promoting anabolism and providing alternative sources of energy.
Flavin adenine dinucleotide supplementation has also been identified as a therapy for this deficiency, because it is an essential cofactor for proper function of SCAD. SCAD deficiency is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Carrier testing can be performed for at-risk family members, and prenatal testing is also a possibility.
The ACADS gene has also been implicated in delaying the onset of Prader-Willi Syndrome, which is characterized by hypotonia, growth failure, and neurodevelopmental delays in the first years of life, and hyperphagia and obesity much later.
In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), a single-nucleotide polymorphism in ACADS has been associated with a reduced amount of insulin release shown by an oral glucose tolerance test, or OGTT.
See also
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
References
External links
GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Short-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACADS |
"Te Busqué" is a song by Canadian singer-songwriter Nelly Furtado from her third studio album, Loose (2006), featuring Juanes. The song was written by Furtado, Juanes, and Lester Mendez, who also produced the song. The song was released in June 2007 as the album's sixth single.
Background
Furtado originally wrote the song in mid-2005 to a beat that Lester Mendez had created, with the verses in English and the choruses in Spanish. Furtado disliked the chorus and discussed it with Juanes, who had collaborated with Furtado on his single "Fotografía" (2003) and who had played at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles, where Furtado and Mendez were working. Juanes agreed to co-write a duet with Furtado for the album, and he flew from Mexico to Toronto, Ontario, where they wrote the song in two days. Juanes played electric and acoustic guitar on the track. The song was released on July 8, 2006 to the iTunes Store in Spain, where it was released as the first single from the album. The main reason for the single's release in Spain was the limited success that hip-hop/R&B-influenced songs in the style of "Promiscuous" and "Maneater", the album's lead singles in North America and the rest of Europe, respectively, achieved in the country. A music video was scheduled to be shot in December 2006, but the video shoot was cancelled due to scheduling conflicts. The song was not officially released in the United States as a single, but it was given airplay on Latin music radio stations and reached number 24 on Billboards Latin Pop Airplay chart.
Track listing
CD single (2 track)
"Te Busque" (English version) – 3:39
"Te Busque" (Spanish version) – 3:38
CD single / digital download (4 track)
"Te Busque" (English version) – 3:39
"Te Busque" (Spanish version) – 3:38
"Runaway" – 4:19
"Say It Right" (Reggae Main Mix) featuring Courtney John – 3:59
Digital download (5 track)
"Te Busque" – 3:38
"Te Busque" (full Spanish version) – 3:38
"Lo Bueno Siempre Tiene un Final" – 4:24
"En Las Manos de Dios" – 4:29
"Dar" – 4:40
Credits and personnel
Nelly Furtado – songwriting, vocals
Juanes – writing, vocals
Lester Mendez – writing, producer
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Release history
References
2006 songs
2006 singles
Juanes songs
Nelly Furtado songs
Number-one singles in Spain
Spanish-language songs
Songs written by Lester Mendez
Songs written by Juanes
Songs written by Nelly Furtado
Song recordings produced by Lester Mendez
Geffen Records singles
Mosley Music Group singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te%20Busqu%C3%A9 |
St Mary's Music School is a music school in Scotland in the West End of Edinburgh, for children aged 9 to 19 and is also the Choir School of St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral. The school, which is non-denominational, provides education for children with a special talent in music, and is Scotland's only full-time independent specialist music school. In 2023 the school has 64 pupils from many different backgrounds and from all parts of Scotland, the rest of the UK and abroad –
Entrance
Entry to the school is by audition and assessment, based on musical ability and potential and regardless of personal circumstances. Scottish Government funding, up to 100%, is available through the statutory Aided Places scheme to assist with the cost of tuition and boarding fees. The school and St Mary's Cathedral also award bursaries.
Performance
The school operates a large chamber orchestra, a junior string sinfonia and a senior string ensemble. Jazz and traditional Scottish music (including instruments like the clàrsach and bagpipes) feature in specialist ensembles and in Jazz and Scottish Music Days. Students perform regularly throughout Edinburgh and beyond. In addition to internal lunchtime concerts, students have also performed at the Queen's Hall, Edinburgh, Jam House, Kirks, Cathedral and the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland in Glasgow. Students have also been requested to play at many civic occasions including Royalty, the Scottish Parliament and other public events such as a NATO visit to Edinburgh.
Academics
The school day is from 8:30 am until 5:00 pm (3:30 on Wednesdays and 4:30 on Fridays).
In 2017 the school ranked 25th out of 28 independent school's listed for highest pass rate.
St Mary's Music School was named as Scottish Independent Secondary School of the Year in 2007 The 2016 pass rate was 100% for National 4, Higher and A level exams, 94% for National 5 and 95% for Advanced Highers. A former music director, Nigel Murray, wrote in 1994 that the self-discipline acquired in the devotion to the mastery of an art as self-fulfilling as music was bound to have a beneficial effect on the rest of the pupil's work and play. Murray continued that if he had a motto for St Mary's Music School it would be the words of the Italian pianist Ferruccio Busoni, "He who is only a musician is no musician".
History
St Mary's Music School was founded as the Song School of St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral in 1880 to educate choristers for the newly built St Mary's Episcopal Cathedral. At that time the school was located at Old Coates House and the adjacent Song School Building, both within the Cathedral precincts.
In 1970 Dennis Townhill and the Provost, Philip Crosfield, became the driving force of a plan not only to safeguard the future of the Choir School of St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh but to transform it into a new and vibrant entity. In 1972 the school was expanded into a specialist music school on the lines of the Yehudi Menuhin School, with Lord Menuhin becoming patron and referring to it as "my younger sister-school in Scotland". The school educates young instrumentalists, composers and singers. In 1976 the Cathedral choir was opened to girls. In 1995, the music school moved out of the Cathedral grounds and into its current location at Coates Hall, Grosvenor Crescent, Edinburgh.
St Mary's Music School is the only Scottish member of the UK Music and Dance Schools (MDS) and is similar to other specialist music schools throughout Europe such as the Dresden Music Gymnasium; Sächsisches Landesgymnasium für Musik "Carl Maria von Weber". The current president is John Wallace, a trumpet player and former principal of the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama. Vice presidents are Evelyn Glennie, Steven Isserlis, James MacMillan, Jerzy Maksymiuk and Steven Osborne.
In 2019, the school received a new Steinway piano, gifted from fundraising by the charitable trust of the Witherby Publishing Group.
Location
Coates Hall was originally designed by David Bryce for Sheriff Napier in 1850 as a small Baronial house. In 1891 the building was bought by the Scottish Episcopal Church for use as the Edinburgh Theological College and enlarged by Sydney Mitchell adding a late gothic chapel. In 1913 Robert Lorimer added a storey to the main block much improving the whole group.
In 1995 Coates Hall was sold to St Mary's Music School and houses the (de-consecrated) chapel which is used for concerts. The chapel contains three stained glass windows. by Ninian Comper which includes Scotland's first saints, St Columba and St Ninian. The school also has two libraries, staff offices, bedrooms for boarding pupils, and 25 music practice rooms. Academic subjects are mainly taught in two 20th century buildings within the school grounds.
The school is surrounded by gardens in the heart of Edinburgh's West End and has excellent transport connections due to its proximity to Haymarket railway station and connecting bus and tram links.
The Song School within the nearby Cathedral precinct is still used by the choristers for daily practice, where they are surrounded by beautiful murals by Phoebe Anna Traquair. It was these murals (1888–1892) which won Traquair national recognition. Within a tunnelled ceiling interior the east wall depicts the cathedral clergy and choir. The south depicts Traquair's admired contemporaries such as Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Holman Hunt, and George Frederic Watts; the north, birds and choristers sing together. The west shows the four beasts singing the Sanctus.
Royal High School
In 2016 the school put forward a fully funded £25 million proposal to move its location to the old Royal High School in Edinburgh in competition with another proposal to convert the site to a hotel. The school's plans were accepted by the Edinburgh Council planning committee in 2016 and would have allowed the school to increase the number of its students. However, the council had previously signed a contract with Duddingston House Properties in 2012 to convert the Royal High into a hotel. Two hotel plans were rejected by the Edinburgh Council planning committee in 2015 and 2017. The St Mary's Music School obtained a 125-year lease from Edinburgh Council for £1.5 million so that plans could go ahead after the Council cancelled their agreement with Duddingston House Properties in January 2021.
Notable alumni
Alexander Armstrong – comedian, actor and presenter best known for The Armstrong and Miller Show
Alan Benzie – pianist; winner, BBC Scotland Young Jazz Musician of the Year 2007, Billboard Award winner, Berklee College, Boston
Monica Brett-Crowther – mezzo-soprano
Brìghde Chaimbeul – bagpiper
Daisy Chute – singer and member of All Angels
Paul Galbraith – guitarist
Helen Grime – oboist and composer
Susan Hamilton – soprano
David Horne – composer
Ethan Loch -pianist and composer; the first blind person to attend the school.
Helen MacLeod – harpist
Steven Osborne – pianist
Mike Peden – record producer
Andrew Robb – Double Bass; winner, BBC Scotland Young Jazz Musician of the Year 2009
Garry Walker – conductor
See also
Music schools
Music schools in Scotland
References
External links
Official site
St Mary's Music School page on Scottish Schools Online
HMIE Inspection Reports
Educational institutions established in 1880
Private schools in Edinburgh
Music schools in Scotland
Boarding schools in Edinburgh
Category B listed buildings in Edinburgh
Listed schools in Scotland
1880 establishments in Scotland
St Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (Episcopal) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Mary%27s%20Music%20School |
Same (; ), also Samos (Σάμος) is an Ancient Greek name of a Homeric island in the Ionian Sea, near Ithaca and Cephalonia. In Homer's Odyssey Same is described as part of Odysseus's kingdom together with Ithaca, Dulichium, and Zacynthus. The Iliad, book II, in the Catalogue of Ships, contains a different list of islands comprising Odysseus's kingdom. Same is included together with Ithaca, Neritum, Krocylea, Aegilips and Zacynthus, indicating that the "Catalogue of Ships" could be a later addition to the Iliad.
In Homer's Odyssey, there is an interesting geographical description:
From the above passage, Homer's Same is not the Greek island Samos in the Eastern Aegean Sea, Same should be in the Ionian Sea, near Homer's Ithaca and there should be at least one rocky island between the two islands. Also, this rocky island should be located South of Homer's Ithaca where Telemakhos would arrive from South-West Peloponnese. Based on the above information, Wilhelm Dörpfeld in his essay "Alt-Ithaka: Ein Beitrag zur Homer-Frage" proposed that Same was present day Ithaca.
Other authors make extensive description of Dörpfeld's theory. C.H. Goekoop relates Same to "Thiaki", "the islet Asteris" to Asteris, a small islet between Kefalonia and Ithaki, and "the bay of Phorkys" to "the bay of Asos" at Erissos, the northern peninsula of Kefalonia.
Odysseus's younger sister, Ctimene came to Same to marry Eurylochus for a massive bride-price.
One of the Suitors, Ctesippus of Same, is described as "a man who had no sense of right and wrong" and attempts to throw an ox's hoof from the meat-basket of the dinner table at Odysseus.
Notes
External links
Map of Homer's Ithaka, Same and Asteris according to Wilhelm Dörpfeld. Digital library of Heidelberg University.
Photo of Asteris (Arkoudi) by Wilhelm Dörpfeld. Digital library of Heidelberg University.
Coordinates of the islet Arkoudi:
Geography of the Odyssey
Islands of Greece
History of the Ionian Islands
Mythological islands
Locations in Greek mythology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same%20%28Homer%29 |
KRNQ (96.3 FM) is an American radio station licensed to Keokuk, Iowa, United States. The station is currently owned by Bott Broadcasting, through licensee Community Broadcasting, Inc., and airs Bott Radio Network Christian Bible teaching and talk programming.
References
External links
KRNQ Coverage
Radio stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Iowa
Bott Radio Network stations
RNQ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KRNQ |
HDMS Absalon (F341) and her sister ship are the two members of the . The lead ship of the class is named after Danish archbishop and statesman Absalon and received full operational status in 2007.
Design
The ships are the first in a series of RDN vessels tasked with carrying out new types of missions, and are to form the backbone of the international operations that the RDN is increasingly focusing on.
The Absalon-class ships are primarily designed for command and support roles, with a large ro-ro deck, but with their many offensive weapons and new anti-submarine weapons and tasks, the class was changed to frigates in 2020.
The three frigates of the succeeding are similar to the Absalon-class vessels but without the large ro-ro deck.
Absalon is one of a number of vessels to have been filmed by documentary makers to appear on the Mighty Ships TV programme, detailing the capabilities and stories of the ship and crew.
Service
Somali counter-piracy mission
Starting in 2008, HDMS Absalon participated in the UN-led counter-piracy mission off Somalia and the east coast of Africa, acting as flagship to the Danish Task Group which led Task Force 150. In September 2008, as part of the task force, Absalon was involved in the capture of 10 pirates, who were eventually set free. On 3 December 2008, after the mandate had been extended, Absalon rescued a disabled skiff with suspected pirates aboard in the Gulf of Aden, 90 miles off the coast of Yemen; the Somali craft was reported to hold rocket-propelled grenades and AK-47 assault rifles, and to have been adrift for several days. Absalon took the sailors and weapons aboard, sank the craft, and turned the sailors over to the Yemeni Coast Guard. Absalon was reportedly the most successful counter-piracy warship in the Gulf of Aden, capturing 88 out of the 250 pirates detained.
On 16 March 2009, Absalon, along with the Turkish frigate , successfully prevented pirates from capturing the Vietnamese cargo ship .
Absalons counter-piracy mission with NATO Task Force 150 in Somali waters ended 1 April 2009, after resulting in the capture of over 80 pirates, some of whom were transferred to the Netherlands for trial.
On 5 February 2010, Absalon helped to rescue the crew of the Antigua and Barbuda-flagged merchant vessel , which was being hijacked by six armed pirates. Absalon dispatched a helicopter and a special forces team, deterring the pirates. On 1 March 2010, Absalon was reported to have sunk a Somali pirate mother ship carrying several pirate speedboats in the Indian Ocean.
On 7 January 2012, Absalon intercepted and boarded a Somali pirate mother ship in the Indian Ocean. The boarding crew freed 14 Iranian and Pakistani fishermen who had been held as hostages for over two months.
On 30 November 2015, Minister of Defence Peter Christensen, announced that Absalon was to be moved to the Mediterranean Sea, in order to accommodate Turkey's request to NATO, for a larger military presence in the area.
From 7 May to 13 May 2022, Absalon took part in Exercise Mjolner 2022 held in the Arctic region.
References
External links
360° images
Absalon-class support ships
Ships built in Odense
2004 ships
Amphibious warfare vessels of Denmark
Piracy in Somalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HDMS%20Absalon%20%28F341%29 |
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACADL gene.
ACADL is a gene that encodes LCAD - acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, long chain - which is a member of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family. The acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family is primarily responsible for beta-oxidation of fatty acids within the mitochondria. LCAD dysfunction is associated with lowered fatty acid oxidation capacity and decreased heat generation. As a result, LCAD deficiency has been correlated with increased cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary disease, and overall insulin resistance.
Structure
Acadl is a single-copy, nuclear encoded gene approximately 35 kb in size. The gene contains 11 coding exons ranging in size from 67 bp to 275 bp, interrupted by 10 introns ranging in size from 1.0 kb to 6.6 kb in size. The Acadl 5' regulatory region, like other members of the Acad family, lacks a TATA or CAAT box and is GC rich. This region does contain multiple, putative cis-acting DNA elements recognized by either SP1 or members of the steroid-thyroid family of nuclear receptors, which has been shown with other members of the ACAD gene family to be important in regulated expression.
Function
The LCAD enzyme catalyzes most of fatty acid beta-oxidation by forming a C2-C3 trans-double bond in the fatty acid. LCAD works on long-chain fatty acids, typically between C12 and C16-acylCoA. LCAD is essential for oxidizing unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic acid, but seems redundant in the oxidation of saturated fatty acids.
Fatty acid oxidation has proven to spare glucose in fasting conditions, and is also required for amino acid metabolism, which is essential for the maintenance of adequate glucose production. LCAD is regulated by a reversible acetylation mechanism by SIRT3, in which the active form of the enzyme is deacetylated, and hyperacetylation reduces the enzymatic activity. Moreover, LCAD participates in fatty acid metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway.
Animal studies
In mice, LCAD deficient mice have been shown to expend less energy, and are also subject to hypothermia, which can be explained by the fact that a reduced rate of fatty acid oxidation is correlated with a lowered capacity to generate heat. Indeed, when LCAD mice are exposed to the cold, the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes was elevated in liver.
As ACADL is a mitochondrial protein, and a member of the beta-oxidation family, there are many instances in which its deficiency is correlated with mitochondrial dysfunction and the diseases that manifest as a result. The ACADL gene has been correlated with protecting against diabetes. In corroboration, primary defects in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity, as illustrated by LCAD knockout mice, can lead to diacylglycerol accumulation, otherwise known as steatosis, as well as PKCepsilon activation, and hepatic insulin resistance. In animals with very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, LCAD and MCAD work to compensate for the reduced fatty acid oxidation capacity; this compensation is modest, however, and the fatty acid oxidation levels do not return completely to wild type levels. Additionally, LCAD has been shown to have no mechanism that compensates for its deficiency.
In the heart, LCAD knockout mice rely more heavily on glucose oxidation, concurrently while there is a large need for replenishment of metabolic intermediates, or anaplerosis. During fasting, the increased glucose usage cannot maintain homeostasis in LCAD knockout mice. LCAD knockout mice displayed a higher level of cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increased left ventricular wall thickness and an increased amount of metabolic cardiomyopathy. The knockout mice also had increased triglyceride levels in the myocardium, which is a detrimental disease phenotype. Carnitine supplementation did lower the triglyceride levels in these knockout mice, but did not have any effect on hypertrophy or cardiac performance.
The ACADL gene has also been linked to pathophysiology of pulmonary disease. In humans, this protein was shown to be localized to the human alveolar type II pneumocytes, which synthesize and secrete pulmonary surfactant. Mice that were lacking LCAD (-/-) had dysfunctional or reduced amounts of pulmonary surfactant, which is required to prevent infection; the mice who did not have this protein also displayed a significantly reduced lung capacity in a variety of tests.
Clinical significance
As LCAD deficiency has not yet been found in humans, it has also been postulated that LCAD confers a critical role in development of the blastocoele in human embryos.
See also
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase
References
External links
es:ACADL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACADL |
The ptilinum is an eversible pouch on the head, above the base of the antenna in schizophoran flies (a section of muscomorphan and cyclorrhaphan flies). It is used to force off the end of the puparium in order for the fly to emerge, and after this inflation at emergence, the ptilinum collapses back inside the head, marked thereafter only by the ptilinal suture or frontal suture (which defines the aperture through which it everts).
References
Bugguide.net. ptilinum, ptilinal suture
Insect anatomy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptilinum |
One Good Turn is a 1931 American Pre-Code short comedy film starring Laurel and Hardy. This film was the first Laurel and Hardy film to feature support from Billy Gilbert.
Plot
Stan and Ollie are suffering during the Great Depression and begging for food. A friendly old lady provides them with some sandwiches. Enjoying their meal, they hear that the old lady will be thrown out of her house because she is robbed and cannot pay her mortgage. They don't know that the old lady is rehearsing a play. Stan and Ollie decide to repay the old lady by selling their car. During the auction a drunken man (Billy Gilbert) puts a wallet in Stan's pocket. Ollie accuses Stan of having robbed the old lady, but when they return to the old lady's place they hear the truth. Stan takes revenge on Ollie.
Cast
Notes
Stan Laurel's daughter Lois was fearful of Oliver Hardy (known to her as "Uncle Babe") when her father was hit by Hardy in many Laurel and Hardy films. So, Laurel wrote a scene in which Hardy was hit by him.
References
External links
1931 films
1931 comedy films
American black-and-white films
Films directed by James W. Horne
Laurel and Hardy (film series)
Films with screenplays by H. M. Walker
1931 short films
American comedy short films
1930s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Good%20Turn%20%281931%20film%29 |
Age of the Five is a trilogy of fantasy novels by Australian author Trudi Canavan; it consists of the novels: Priestess of the White, Last of the Wilds and Voice of the Gods. The fictional series recounts the story of Auraya, a young priestess who, after rising to the highest rank in her world's religious hierarchy, subsequently discovers that the gods she worships are significantly different entities from those in whom she was originally taught to believe.
Plot synopsis
Age of the Five is set in a universe overseen by a pantheon of five gods (the Circle) who are the only apparent survivors of the War of the Gods. Before this war, it is understood that hundreds of gods existed on Earth. The Five control the destiny of the northern half of the world through a priesthood known as the White (the Circle's five representatives in the human world, Ithania). In southern Ithania live opponents of the White, who claim to worship five different gods (known as the Five). Both factions vie for control over their opponents, and eventually engage in war.
Auraya (protagonist) is chosen to be a White. Beginning with diplomatic missions, she later moves on to fighting in a major battle between the north and the south. She discovers she has innate powers far exceeding those of her peers; it later turns out that she is a potential new Wild (a group of immortal sorcerers who have been persecuted by the will of the gods). Later in the series the Wilds are discovered to be at the final stage before godhood, and they discover a way to kill the existing pantheon of gods. Throughout the series Auraya's attitude towards her gods changes from obedience to distrust to hatred, as she realizes their moral defects.
In the end, the pantheon are trapped by the Wilds, whereupon one of the Gods commits suicide killing all the other gods too. The epilogue reveals that humanity spends the next fifty years warring in the power vacuum left by the gods until a new religion (with a single, all-powerful god, the Maker) is adopted by the Sennon emperor to keep the peace.
The Five/Circle
After the War of the Gods (in which many deities were killed), only six gods were left alive. Following the suicide of the sixth (Sorli) the remainder established themselves as gods of Ithania, creating two rival traditions to worship them: the Pentadrians and the Circlians. Assuming different names and images for each religion, the Five spent their time playing games with humanity, pitting the religions against each other and convincing each faith that the other was heretical. The Five were known as the Circle in the Circlian religion, and as the Five to the Pentadrians; they were represented by the White in the Circlians, and the Voices of the Gods to the Pentadrians.
The Five were killed when six Wilds surrounded them, creating a void. When the Wilds drew the magic away, one area of magic was left in the center of the newly created void. Although the gods could have survived until the magic flowed back (freeing them), Chaia (trying to protect the humans from the other gods' influence) drew all the magic into himself, killing himself and the other four gods.
To the Circlians, the Five were:
Chaia: God of Kings
Huan: Goddess of Fertility
Lore: God of War
Yranna: Goddess of Women
Saru: God of Wealth
To the Pentadrians, the Five were:
Sheyr: God of Prosperity
Hrun: Goddess of Love
Alor: God of Warriors
Ranah: Goddess of Moon and Fire
Sraal: God of Gambling
Chaia/Sheyr
Known as Chaia (God of Kings) to the Circlians and Sheyr (God of Prosperity) to the Pentadrians, Chaia was a legendary seducer (on a par with Mirar) who was hated by the immortals and Dreamweavers for his sexual habits. Using magic to please his lovers in a way no physical sensation could match, he left young women mad (and shells of their former selves) when he grew bored and cast them aside. As Auraya's lover Chaia protected her and interceded on her behalf, showing her the treachery of Huan and saving her from being raped and killed by Nekaun.
There is evidence he was sincerely attached to Auraya.
Huan/Hrun
Known as Huan (Goddess of Fertility) to the Circlians and Hrun (Goddess of Love) to the Pentadrians, Huan was notorious for her capriciousness and cruelty. Deforming and torturing thousands of humans to create mutants such as the Siyee and Elai, Huan was hated by Dreamweavers and immortals alike. She was initially a supporter of Auraya, but after the White's refusal to kill Mirar (or let the goddess possess her), Huan attempted to kill and maim her.
Chaia blamed her for pushing Auraya too far. She was a proud, arrogant, scheming goddess, demanding unquestioning obedience from her followers.
Decisions were mostly made by Chaia and Huan, the other Gods were mainly persuaded to follow their point of view. They were not as united as they wanted their followers to believe.
Reception
Critical reception from the fantasy press was positive. Jennifer Fallon said, "A wonderfully and meticulously detailed world, and an edge-of-the-seat plot, this book is a must for lovers of good fantasy". Emerald City called Canavan "a natural storyteller". "Containing everything you want from a fantasy tale", reported Death Ray. SFRevu called it "High calibre fantasy from one of Australia's best".
References
Novels by Trudi Canavan
Australian fantasy novel series
Novels about religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%20of%20the%20Five |
Kismat may refer to:
Kismet (disambiguation), word for "fate" or "destiny" and is an Arabic word as well as being used in Bengali, Hindi, Urdu, Nepali, Persian and Turkish, spelled "Kismat" in English in the Indian subcontinent
Kismat (TV series), an Indian drama television series
Kismat (Sonu Nigam album), 1998
Kismat (1968 film), a 1968 Indian Hindi film directed by Manmohan Desai
Kismat (1995 film), a 1995 Indian Bollywood film directed by Harmesh Malhotra
Kismat (2004 film), a Bollywood film directed by Guddu Dhanoa
Kismat Radio, a British radio station
Qismat, a 2018 Indian Punjabi-language film by Jagdeep Sidhu
Qismat 2, its 2021 sequel, also by Sidhu
See also
Kismet (disambiguation)
Kismath (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kismat |
Charles Johnson (August 7, 1909 – June 17, 2006) was a baseball player in the Negro leagues who later pushed Major League Baseball to offer pensions to former Negro league players.
Johnson also filed an anti-discrimination suit against Illinois Central Railroad in the mid-1960s after he was turned down for a special agent position. Johnson won the suit and became the first African American special agent.
Johnson was born in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. At 15 he and his mother moved to Chicago. His mother died shortly after the move, and Johnson—who was an only child—was left on his own.
Johnson had a friend, legendary Negro league player Ted "Double Duty" Radcliffe, who helped him get into the league. Johnny Washington, a former Negro league player and friend of Johnson, said: "Duty lived on the same block as Charlie and really took a liking to him."
Johnson spent his time in the Negro league barnstorming the United States and Canada. He went on a barnstorming tour of Canada with the Texas Giants in 1930 and 1931. Johnson returned to Chicago and served as pitcher and outfielder for the Chicago American Giants.
Johnson married in 1942 and, at his wife's insistence, quit baseball in 1944. Johnson worked at various jobs until he became a porter on the Illinois Central in 1951.
Johnson died of complications from prostate cancer. He is buried in Chicago's Oak Woods Cemetery.
References
Charles Johnson's page on "The History Makers" site
1909 births
2006 deaths
Chicago American Giants players
Sportspeople from Pine Bluff, Arkansas
Deaths from prostate cancer
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
20th-century African-American sportspeople
Baseball pitchers
21st-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Johnson%20%28pitcher%29 |
The Parliamentarian of the United States Senate is the official advisor to the United States Senate on the interpretation of Standing Rules of the United States Senate and parliamentary procedure. Incumbent parliamentarian Elizabeth MacDonough has held the office since 2012, appointed by then-Senate majority leader Harry Reid.
As the Presiding officer of the Senate may not be, and usually is not, aware of the parliamentary situation currently facing the Senate, a parliamentary staff sits second from the left on the Senate dais to advise the presiding officer on how to respond to inquiries and motions from senators (including "the Sergeant at Arms will restore order in the gallery"). The role of the parliamentary staff is advisory, and the presiding officer or Senate may overrule the advice of the Parliamentarian. In practice, this is rare; the most recent example of a Vice President (as President of the Senate) overruling the parliamentarian was Nelson Rockefeller in 1975. That ruling was extremely controversial, to such an extent that the leaders of both parties immediately met and agreed that they did not want this precedent to stand, so the next week the Senate altered the rule under consideration via standard procedure. The Senate majority leader may also fire the parliamentarian, as occurred in 2001 during a dispute between parliamentarian Robert Dove and Majority Leader Trent Lott.
Overview
An important role of the parliamentarian is to decide what can and cannot be done under the Senate's budget reconciliation process under the provisions of the Byrd Rule. These rulings are important because they allow certain bills to be approved by a simple majority, instead of the sixty votes needed to end debate and overcome a filibuster.
The office also refers bills to appropriate committees on behalf of the Senate's presiding officer, and referees efforts by the ruling party to change the Senate rules by rulings from the chair. The parliamentarian is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the Senate majority leader. Traditionally, the parliamentarian is chosen from senior staff in the parliamentarian office, which helps ensure consistency in the application of the Senate's complex rules. The last two parliamentarians have served under both Republican and Democratic Senate leaders.
The parliamentarian's salary is $203,700 per year, as of 2022.
List of parliamentarians
The following individuals have served as Senate parliamentarian:
There have only been six Senate parliamentarians since the role was founded, with Dove and Frumin each serving two non-consecutive terms.
See also
Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives
Notes
References
Glossary Term | Parliamentarian Senate.gov
The Office of the Parliamentarian in the House and Senate Congressional Research Service
Employees of the United States Senate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentarian%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Senate |
The 1987–88 UEFA Cup was won by Bayer Leverkusen on penalty kicks over Español.
It was the third season of English clubs being barred from this and indeed all European competitions as the sequel of the Heysel disaster of May 1985. The English clubs who missed out on this season of the UEFA Cup were Liverpool, Tottenham Hotspur and Arsenal.
Soviet Union gained a fourth place, Austria and Romania a third one, while France, East Germany and Czechoslovakia remained with two places.
Following UEFA ranking changes and the English ban, Italy gained a fourth place from Spain, and East Germany a third one from the Netherlands.
Slot Allocation
For the 1987–88 UEFA Cup, the associations are allocated places according to their 1986 UEFA country coefficients, which takes into account their performance in European competitions from 1981–82 to 1985–86.
First round
|}
First leg
Second leg
Internazionale won 3–1 on aggregate.
Aberdeen won 1–0 on aggregate.
Español won 5–1 on aggregate.
Brøndby won 2–1 on aggregate.
Budapesti Honvéd won 1–0 on aggregate.
Borussia Dortmund won 3–2 on aggregate.
Dundee United won 4–1 on aggregate.
Victoria București won 4–0 on aggregate.
Barcelona won 2–1 on aggregate.
1–1 on aggregate; Wismut Aue won on away goals.
Spartak Moscow won 3–1 on aggregate.
4–4 on aggregate; Chaves won on away goals.
TJ Vítkovice won 3–1 on aggregate.
Club Brugge won 5–2 on aggregate.
Feyenoord won 10–2 on aggregate.
Bayer Leverkusen won 5–1 on aggregate.
Dynamo Moscow won 5–0 on aggregate.
Beveren won 2–1 on aggregate.
Flamurtari won 3–2 on aggregate.
Utrecht won 2–0 on aggregate.
Werder Bremen won 5–1 on aggregate.
Panathinaikos won 4–3 on aggregate.
Dinamo Tbilisi won 4–3 on aggregate.
Hellas Verona won 4–2 on aggregate.
Crvena Zvezda won 5–2 on aggregate.
Milan won 3–1 on aggregate.
The game was played in Lecce because of the ban on San Siro.
Sportul Studențesc won 3–1 on aggregate.
Vitória de Guimarães won 2–1 on aggregate.
Toulouse won 6–1 on aggregate.
TPS won 2–1 on aggregate.
Juventus won 7–0 on aggregate.
Velež Mostar won 5–3 on aggregate.
Second round
|}
First leg
Second leg
Werder Bremen won 7–6 on aggregate.
Español won 2–0 on aggregate.
2–2 on aggregate; Feyenoord won on away goals.
Borussia Dortmund won 3–2 on aggregate.
3–3 on aggregate; Sportul Studențesc won 3–0 on penalties.
Budapesti Honvéd won 5–2 on aggregate.
TJ Vítkovice won 3–2 on aggregate.
Verona won 3–2 on aggregate.
Barcelona won 2–0 on aggregate.
Flamurtari won 2–1 on aggregate.
Internazionale won 2–1 on aggregate.
3–3 on aggregate; Panathinaikos won on away goals.
Club Brugge won 5–3 on aggregate.
Bayer Leverkusen won 2–1 on aggregate.
Dinamo Tbilisi won 2–1 on aggregate.
1–1 on aggregate; Vitória de Guimarães won 5–4 on penalties.
Third round
|}
First leg
Second leg
Club Brugge won 5–3 on aggregate.
Panathinaikos won 7–6 on aggregate.
Barcelona won 4–2 on aggregate.
Bayer Leverkusen won 3–2 on aggregate.
Hellas Verona won 4–1 on aggregate.
Español won 2–1 on aggregate.
2–2 on aggregate; TJ Vítkovice won 5–4 on penalties.
Werder Bremen won 3–2 on aggregate.
Quarter-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Bayer Leverkusen won 1–0 on aggregate.
Werder Bremen won 2–1 on aggregate.
Club Brugge won 3–2 on aggregate.
Español won 2–0 on aggregate.
Semi-finals
|}
First leg
Second leg
Bayer Leverkusen won 1–0 on aggregate.
Español won 3–2 on aggregate.
Final
First leg
Second leg
3–3 on aggregate; Bayer Leverkusen won 3–2 on penalties.
Notes
External links
1987–88 All matches UEFA Cup – season at UEFA website
Official Site
Results at RSSSF.com
All scorers 1987–88 UEFA Cup according to protocols UEFA
1987/88 UEFA Cup - results and line-ups (archive)
UEFA Cup seasons
2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388%20UEFA%20Cup |
The Pine River is a river located in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of Ossipee Lake, part of the Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.
Course
The Pine River begins at the outlet of Pine River Pond in Wakefield, New Hampshire. The river almost immediately enters the town of Ossipee and heads northwest through a sandy, pine-forested valley. The Pine River Esker, now mostly excavated by sand and gravel operations, follows the river for over . The river enters the western corner of Effingham, passing through the Heath Pond Bog Natural Area, then reenters Ossipee before the river's mouth at Ossipee Lake.
The Beech River is a significant tributary, entering just east of the village of Center Ossipee, one mile upstream from Ossipee Lake. New Hampshire Route 16, while not following the river closely, occupies the same broad, sandy valley.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Rivers of Carroll County, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine%20River%20%28New%20Hampshire%29 |
The 2006 FIFA World Cup final was the final match of the 2006 World Cup, the 18th edition of FIFA's competition for national football teams. The match was played at the Olympiastadion in Berlin, Germany, on 9 July 2006, and was contested between Italy and France. The event comprised hosts Germany and 31 other teams who emerged from the qualification phase, organised by the six FIFA confederations. The 32 teams competed in a group stage, from which 16 teams qualified for the knockout stage. En route to the final, Italy finished first in Group E, with two wins and a draw, after which they defeated Australia in the round of 16, Ukraine in the quarter-final and Germany 2–0, in the semi-final. France finished runner-up of Group G with one win and two draws, before defeating Spain in the round of 16, Brazil in the quarter-final and Portugal 1–0 in the semi-final. The final was witnessed by 69,000 spectators in the stadium, with the referee for the match being Horacio Elizondo from Argentina.
Italy won the World Cup after beating France 5–3 in a penalty shoot-out following a 1–1 draw at the conclusion of extra time. The match was focused mostly on France's Zinedine Zidane and Italy's Marco Materazzi: this was the former's last match for France, they each scored their team's only goal of the game, and they were also involved in an incident in extra time that led to Zidane being sent off for headbutting Materazzi in the chest. The incident was the subject of much analysis following the match. Italy's Andrea Pirlo was named the man of the match, and Zidane was awarded the Golden Ball as the best player of the tournament.
The final served as a key match in the France–Italy football rivalry, coming after Italy were defeated by France in the UEFA Euro 2000 final. Italy's victory was their first world title in 24 years, and their fourth overall, putting them one ahead of Germany and only one behind Brazil. The victory also led to Italy topping the FIFA World Rankings in February 2007 for the first time since November 1993.
Venue
The Olympiastadion in Berlin was used as the venue for the final, as well as five other matches over the tournament. It was also used for three matches at the 1974 FIFA World Cup. The current Olympiastadion was built for the 1936 Summer Olympics in the western part of the city. Since 1985, the stadium has hosted the finals of both the DFB-Pokal and its female equivalent. The Olympiastadion hosts the Internationales Stadionfest, which was an IAAF Golden League event from 1998 to 2009. The stadium hosted the 2009 World Championships in Athletics. Aside from its use as an Olympic stadium, the Olympiastadion has a strong footballing tradition, having been the home of Hertha BSC since 1963.
Background
Italy's first official match as a national team was against France on 15 May 1910, and the two countries developed a football rivalry. They have faced each other in several world-stage tournaments, including previous World Cups in 1938 (3–1 Italy), 1978 (2–1 Italy), 1986 (2–0 France), and 1998 (4–3 in penalty-shootout to France). Most recently, they had contested the UEFA Euro 2000 final, which ended in a 2–1 victory for France after a golden goal in extra time by David Trezeguet.
The match was the sixth FIFA World Cup final for Italy, and the second for France. Italy had won three of their previous finals (1934, 1938, 1982), losing two (1970, 1994), while France had won their only previous final (1998). It was the first final since 1978 in which neither Germany nor Brazil competed (and only the second since 1938); it was also the first all-European final since Italy won the World Cup in 1982, and the second final to be decided by a penalty shoot-out (1994 was the first, with Italy losing to Brazil on that occasion).
In April 2006, France's Zinedine Zidane, who also played for Spanish league side Real Madrid, announced his retirement from football, saying his playing career would end after the World Cup. In May 2006, a match-fixing scandal in Italy's Serie A league was uncovered, mainly surrounding Juventus, a team to which five of the national squad players belonged.
Road to the final
Italy
Italy's campaign in the tournament was accompanied by open pessimism, in large part due to the controversy caused by the Serie A scandal. Italy were drawn in Group E alongside Ghana, the United States, and Czech Republic, opening against Ghana on 12 June 2006. Italy took the lead through midfielder Andrea Pirlo in the 40th minute, eventually winning the match by a score of 2–0. In their next match against the United States on 17 June, Italy took the lead in the 22nd minute with an Alberto Gilardino goal, but five minutes later, Cristian Zaccardo scored an own goal off an attempted clearance following a free-kick, and the match eventually remained a 1–1 draw; this was one of only two goals Italy conceded throughout the tournament. In that match, Daniele De Rossi received a straight red card after he elbowed Brian McBride in the face; he left the pitch bloodied, but returned after treatment, later receiving three stitches. De Rossi later apologised to McBride, who subsequently praised him as "classy" for approaching him after the match. Because of the incident, De Rossi was banned for four matches, and was fined CHF 10,000. Their third and final group stage match was against Czech Republic on 22 June. Marco Materazzi, who had begun the tournament as a reserve player, came on as a replacement for Alessandro Nesta who suffered an injury in the match. Materazzi went on to score a goal in the match, and was named Man of the Match of an eventual 2–0 win, finishing top of the group with seven points.
In the round of 16, on 26 June, Italy took on Australia in a match in which Materazzi was controversially sent off in the 53rd minute after an attempted two-footed tackle on Australian midfielder Marco Bresciano. In stoppage time, a controversial penalty kick was awarded to Italy when referee Luis Medina Cantalejo ruled that Lucas Neill fouled Fabio Grosso. Francesco Totti converted the kick into the upper corner of the goal past Mark Schwarzer for a 1–0 win. In the quarter-final, on 30 June, Italy took on Ukraine, and Gianluca Zambrotta opened the scoring early in the 6th minute with a left-footed shot from outside the penalty area after a quick exchange with Totti created enough space. Luca Toni added two more goals for Italy in the second half, but as Ukraine pressed forward, they were unable to score. Ukraine had hit the crossbar, had several shots saved by Italy goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, and were denied a goal from a goal-line clearance from Zambrotta, ultimately ending in a 3–0 win for Italy. In the semi-final on 4 July, Italy beat hosts Germany 2–0 with the two goals coming in the last two minutes of extra time. After a back-and-forth half-hour of extra time, during which Gilardino and Zambrotta struck the post and the crossbar respectively, Grosso scored in the 119th minute after a disguised Pirlo pass found him open in the penalty area for a bending left-footed shot into the far corner past German goalkeeper Jens Lehmann's dive. Substitute striker Alessandro Del Piero then sealed the victory by scoring with the last kick of the game at the end of a swift counterattack by Fabio Cannavaro, Totti and Gilardino.
France
France were drawn in Group G alongside Switzerland, South Korea, and Togo, opening against Switzerland on 13 June 2006. The match ended in a scoreless draw. In their next match against South Korea on 18 June, France took the lead in the 9th minute after Thierry Henry picked up Sylvain Wiltord's deflected shot. Later, a header by Patrick Vieira crossed the goal-line after being blocked by Korean goalkeeper Lee Woon-Jae, but referee Benito Archundia did not give the goal as he had deemed Vieira to have committed a foul. With about 10 minutes left, Park Ji-sung scored for Korea to claim an eventual 1–1 draw. Their third and final group stage match was against Togo on 23 June, and France needed a victory to progress from the group stage. After a goalless first half, Vieira and Henry scored two second half goals within six minutes of each other to win 2–0, and finish second in the group with five points.
In the round of 16, on 27 June, France took on Spain in a match in which Spain took the lead in the first half with a penalty kick converted by David Villa after Lilian Thuram fouled Pablo. Four minutes before half time, Franck Ribéry equalised the score, and with seven minutes before the end of regulation time, Vieira scored from a header for France to take the lead. As Spain pushed forward to find an equaliser, Zinedine Zidane scored in a solo effort in stoppage time, for a final score of 3–1 for France. In the quarter-final, on 1 July, France took on Brazil; France won with a lone goal in the 57th minute by Henry after he volleyed a Zidane free kick to end Brazil's reign as world champions. In the semi-final, on 5 July, France won again with a lone goal, this time from a first half Zidane penalty kick after Henry was tripped inside the box by Ricardo Carvalho.
Pre-match
The official match ball for the final was the + Teamgeist Berlin, a gold-coloured variation of the Adidas Teamgeist, which was unveiled on 18 April 2006. The Adidas Teamgeist was used as the official match ball throughout the tournament, provided by German sports equipment company Adidas.
On 6 July 2006, the Argentine Horacio Elizondo was chosen as referee for the final, beating out the German Markus Merk and the Slovakian Ľuboš Micheľ. Elizondo became a referee in 1994, and refereed his first international match in 1996. His compatriots, Dario García and Rodolfo Otero, were chosen as assistant referees, and the Spanish Luis Medina Cantalejo as fourth official. Elizondo had given England striker Wayne Rooney a red card against Portugal previously in the tournament.
Italy's team doctor Enrico Castellacci confirmed on 6 July that Alessandro Nesta was ruled out of the final due to a groin injury he sustained against the Czech Republic on 22 June; France reported no injuries.
Before the match started, a closing ceremony was organised by FIFA, lasting about 10 minutes, was performed by Il Divo singing their song "The Time of Our Lives", the official song of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, as well as Shakira and Wyclef Jean singing a rendition of their song "Hips Don't Lie".
Match
Summary
The final started with each side scoring within the first 20 minutes, making it the only World Cup final from 1990 to 2014 in which both finalists scored. Referee Elizondo awarded a penalty kick when he deemed Florent Malouda to have been fouled by Marco Materazzi. Zinedine Zidane opened the scoring when he converted this kick in the 7th minute with a Panenka that glanced off the underside of the crossbar and into the goal. Materazzi redeemed himself for Italy when he levelled the score in the 19th minute, a header from an Andrea Pirlo corner. In the 35th minute, Luca Toni struck the crossbar with a header from another Pirlo corner. At half time, the score was level at 1–1.
The beginning of the second half was largely controlled by France, also having a penalty shout early on when Malouda was brought to ground in the box by Gianluca Zambrotta. Patrick Vieira was replaced by Alou Diarra in the 58th minute due to an apparent hamstring injury. In the 62nd minute, Toni headed a goal that was disallowed for offside from a Pirlo free kick. After the 90 minutes of regulation time, the score was still level at 1–1, forcing the match into extra time.
In the 104th minute, Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon made a potentially game-saving save when he tipped a Zidane header over the crossbar that had been crossed in from Willy Sagnol. Five minutes later, Zidane and Materazzi were jogging up the pitch alongside each other. They briefly exchanged words and Materazzi pulled at Zidane's jersey; this provoked Zidane to headbutt Materazzi's chest, knocking him to the ground. As the game play had switched direction, Buffon protested to the assistant referee who did not see what had happened. When the play returned and referee Elizondo saw Materazzi on the ground, he halted play to consult his assistants. According to match officials' reports, the referee and his assistants did not see what had transpired, however, Elizondo consulted fourth official Luis Medina Cantalejo via headset, who confirmed the incident. Elizondo then issued Zidane a red card in the 110th minute. It marked the 14th overall expulsion of Zidane's career, and meant he joined Cameroon's Rigobert Song as the only players ever to be sent off during two separate World Cup tournaments. He also became the fourth player red-carded in a World Cup final, in addition to being the first sent off in extra time.
After extra time, the score was still level at 1–1, forcing the match into a penalty shoot-out. France's David Trezeguet, who had scored the golden goal against Italy in the UEFA Euro 2000 Final, was the only player not to score his penalty after his kick hit the crossbar, shot down after its impact, and stayed just ahead of the goal-line. Fabio Grosso—who scored Italy's first goal in the semi-final against Germany—scored the winning penalty; Italy won by a score of 5–3.
Details
Statistics
Viewership
According to FIFA, 715.1 million individuals globally watched the final match of this tournament. IPG's independent media agency Initiative Worldwide estimated a 260 million people viewership. The independent firm Initiative Futures Sport + Entertainment estimates it at 322 million viewers.
Post-match
German president Horst Köhler, UEFA president Lennart Johansson, and the local organizing committee president Franz Beckenbauer were among those present on the pitch stage during the awards ceremony. President Köhler handed the trophy to Italian captain Fabio Cannavaro without FIFA president Sepp Blatter's presence. As Cannavaro raised the trophy, a short version of Patrizio Buanne's "Stand Up (Champions Theme)" was played. The victory also led to Italy topping the FIFA World Rankings in February 2007 for the first time since November 1993. Pirlo was awarded the Man of the Match. The day after the final, Zidane was awarded the Golden Ball as the player of the tournament. The Italy team celebrated their victory with a parade in Rome the day after the final on 10 July, attended by 500,000 people, the team traveled to the Circus Maximus. The team also met with President of Italy Giorgio Napolitano and Prime Minister of Italy Romano Prodi, where all members of the World Cup-winning squad were awarded the Italian Order of Merit of Cavaliere Ufficiale.
Provocation of Zidane analysis
After video evidence suggested that Materazzi had verbally provoked Zidane into the headbutt, three British media newspapers claimed to have hired lip readers to determine what Materazzi had said, with The Times, The Sun and Daily Star claiming that Materazzi called Zidane "the son of a terrorist whore". Materazzi disputed this claim, eventually winning public apologies from The Sun and Daily Star in 2008, as well as libel damages from all three British newspapers.
Zidane only partly explained that repeated harsh insults about his mother had caused him to react. Materazzi admitted trash talking Zidane, but argued that Zidane's behaviour had been very arrogant and that the remarks were trivial. Materazzi also insisted that he did not insult Zidane's mother (who was ill at the time), claiming, "I didn't talk about his mother, either. I lost my mother when I was fifteen, and even now I still get emotional talking about it".
Zidane later said that he did not regret his actions because "it would be like admitting that he was right to say all that". Materazzi offered his version of events two months later claiming that after he had grabbed Zidane's jersey, Zidane remarked, "If you want my shirt, I will give it to you afterwards", and he replied to Zidane that he would prefer his sister, but claimed during the interview that he was unaware Zidane even had a sister. Over a year after the incident, Materazzi confirmed that his precise words to Zidane were: "I prefer the whore that is your sister".
Reactions
After the final, then-President of France Jacques Chirac hailed Zidane as a "man of heart and conviction". Chirac later added that he found the offence to be unacceptable, but he understood that Zidane had been provoked. The French public showed support for Zidane's actions; polls done in the immediate wake of the incident showed 61% of French people said they had already forgiven him for his actions while 52% said they understood them. However, French newspaper Le Figaro called the headbutt "odious" and "unacceptable". Time magazine regarded the incident as a symbol for Europe's "grappling with multi-culturalism". Despite the ongoing furore, Zidane's sponsors announced that they would stick with him.
The incident was extensively lampooned on the Internet and in popular culture. Family Guy parodied it in the episode "Saving Private Brian", in which Zidane headbutts an old lady while delivering her a birthday cake. The Simpsons parodied it in the episode "Marge Gamer", in which Homer Simpson shouts "Zidane!", when headbutting the linesman. In addition to becoming a staple of parody via numerous online videos and GIFs, a novelty song titled Coup de Boule ("Headbutt") reached the top of the French charts. A sculpture of the incident was unveiled in 2012.
In light of Zidane's statements, FIFA opened disciplinary proceedings to investigate the incident. FIFA also affirmed the legality of Elizondo's decision to send Zidane off, rejecting claims that Cantalejo had illegally relied on video transmission to make a decision about handling Zidane's misconduct. FIFA issued a CHF 5,000 fine and a two-match ban against Materazzi, while Zidane received a three-match ban and a CHF 7,500 fine. Since Zidane had already retired, he voluntarily served three days of community service on FIFA's behalf as a substitute for the match ban.
In October 2009, in an interview conducted on French radio station RTL, Zidane stated: "Let's not forget that provocation is a terrible thing. I have never been one to provoke; I have never done it. It's terrible, and it is best not to react". However, he later said in 2015, "If you look at the 14 red cards I had in my career, 12 of them were a result of provocation. This isn't justification, this isn't an excuse, but my passion, temper and blood made me react." In 2010, Zidane had said that he would "rather die than apologise" to Materazzi for the headbutt in the final, but also admitted that he "could never have lived with himself" had he been allowed to remain on the pitch and help France win the match.
See also
France at the FIFA World Cup
Italy at the FIFA World Cup
References
External links
Italy v France | 2006 FIFA World Cup Final | Full Match
Final
FIFA World Cup finals
France national football team matches
Italy national football team matches
Fifa World Cup Final 2006
Fifa World Cup Final 2006
2006 in Berlin
FIFA World Cup 2006
July 2006 sports events in Europe
Association football matches in Germany
Internet memes introduced in 2006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20FIFA%20World%20Cup%20final |
Charles Bertan Wheeler Jr. (August 10, 1926 – October 25, 2022) was an American physician and politician who served as a Missouri state senator and as mayor of Kansas City, Missouri from 1971 to 1979, in addition to having held other elected offices.
Life and career
Born at Trinity Lutheran Hospital on August 10, 1926, Wheeler graduated from Westport High School in 1942. A third generation physician, Wheeler entered Kansas City Junior College in 1942, transferring to University of Louisville in 1944 and earned a B.A. in 1946. From March 1944 through February 1946, Wheeler was simultaneously serving in the US Navy. In 1946, he entered the University of Kansas, earning an M.D. in 1950. His internship was at Charity Hospital in New Orleans in 1950.
Wheeler joined the US Air Force in July 1950, serving until July 1953 as a captain and Flight Surgeon to the original group of the Thunderbirds, the Air Force aerial acrobatic team.
Wheeler did his pathology residency at St. Lukes Hospital in Kansas City, Missouri from 1953 to 1955. At the same time, he began studying at night for a law degree at the University of Kansas City School of Law, which he completed in 1959.
In 1957, Wheeler became an Associate Pathologist and Director of Laboratories at Kansas City General Hospital, followed by stints at Kansas City Research Hospital, North Kansas City Memorial Hospital, and the Independence Sanitarium and Hospital. He founded Wheeler Medical Laboratories in 1963.
Wheeler began his public career when he was elected Coroner of Jackson County, Missouri, in January 1965. He served in that office until January 1967, when he was elected as Judge of the Western District of the Jackson County Court until January 1971.
Kansas City mayor
In 1971 he was elected to two consecutive terms as mayor of Kansas City. Although the office of mayor does not have a formal party affiliation in Kansas City, Wheeler was a Democrat. During his tenure he oversaw the financing and construction of both Kemper Arena and Bartle Hall Convention Center. The combination of the two enabled the city to host the 1976 Republican National Convention.
Towards the end of his second term, Kansas City gained international attention hosting a work by the artist Christo, the 2.5 mile long Wrapped Walk Ways in Loose Park. Wheeler presented Christo and his partner Jeanne-Claude with the key to the city.
Kansas City International Airport opened in 1972 during his watch. It replaced the Kansas City Downtown Airport, which is now formally named for him. So much successful development happened during Wheeler's two terms as mayor that a 2002 profile in the conservative Kansas city business magazine Ingram's said: "Many regard this as the last golden age of Kansas City with the construction of KCI, Worlds of Fun, Crown Center, and the Truman Sports Complex."
Wheeler ran for the U.S. Senate in 1976 and garnered less than 2% of the vote in the Democratic primary in a race that was won by Jerry Litton, who died in a plane crash en route to the victory party in Kansas City. John C. Danforth ultimately won the position.
Wheeler ran for mayor of Kansas City one additional time in 2011, but his candidacy did not survive the primary.
State senator
Wheeler defeated Rep. Henry Rizzo in the August 6, 2002, Democratic primary, and his other opponent Rep. Tom Hoppe did not collect enough signatures to run as an independent. No Republican ran in the election, and he was elected to the State Senate from the 10th District.
Wheeler opposed a bill to outlaw emergency contraception, explaining that "From Monday through Saturday, we have to work in a secular world", and was a co-sponsor of Missouri Senate Bill 458, the "Patient Protection Act" that would compel a pharmacist to fill any prescription.
Wheeler did not concurrently seek re-election to the senate and was succeeded by Democrat Jolie Justus in the 10th district seat.
Post state senate elections
In 2006, at the age of 79, Wheeler ran for Jackson County Executive, but was defeated in the Democratic primary by county prosecutor Mike Sanders.
In 2008, Wheeler ran for the Democratic nomination for Missouri State Treasurer. He placed fourth behind the nominee Clint Zweifel, Andria Simckes and Mark Powell.
On March 28, 2016, at the age of 89 Wheeler filed to run for Governor of Missouri. He placed third in the primary with 7.9 percent in an election won by Chris Koster who had 78.08 percent of the vote.
Doctor in Politics
Wheeler was the only physician in the Missouri State Senate. Having authored "Doctor in Politics" in 1974, Wheeler was a frequent lecturer and speaker. He had served as Assistant Clinical Professor of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical School, as well as adjunct professor and consultant to the University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Medicine and the Henry W. Bloch School of Business and Public Administration.
Wheeler was an American Diplomat of the Board of Pathology, certified in Pathologic Anatomy and Clinical Pathology, and, Forensic Pathology. He was recipient of the American Medical Association's Benjamin Rush Award (1981), the University of Missouri-Kansas City Lifetime Achievement Award (1984), and the Kansas University Medical Distinguished Alumnus Award (1997).
References
External links
AMA awards
1926 births
2022 deaths
Mayors of Kansas City, Missouri
Military personnel from Missouri
Democratic Party Missouri state senators
University of Kansas faculty
University of Missouri–Kansas City faculty
University of Missouri–Kansas City alumni
University of Kansas alumni
University of Louisville alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Wheeler%20%28politician%29 |
The presiding officer of the United States Senate is the person who presides over the United States Senate and is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices, and precedents. Senate presiding officer is a role, not an actual office. The actual role is usually performed by one of three officials: the vice president of the United States; an elected United States senator; or, under certain circumstances, the chief justice of the United States. Outside the constitutionally mandated roles, the actual appointment of a person to do the job of presiding over the Senate as a body is governed by Rule I of the Standing Rules.
The United States Constitution establishes the vice president as president of the Senate, with the authority to cast a tie-breaking vote. Early vice presidents took an active role in regularly presiding over proceedings of the body, with the president pro tempore only being called on during the vice president's absence. During the 20th century, the role of the vice president evolved into more of an executive branch position. Now, the vice president is usually seen as an integral part of a president's administration and presides over the Senate only on ceremonial occasions or when a tie-breaking vote may be needed. It is now often used as one of the forms of checks and balances by the executive branch to the legislative.
The Constitution also provides for the selection of a president pro tempore of the Senate, to preside when the vice president is absent from the body (as the meaning of pro tempore, literally "for the time being"). The Constitution does not specify who can serve in this position, but the Senate has always elected one of its current members. By tradition, the position is given more-or-less automatically to the most senior senator of the majority party. In actual practice in the modern Senate, the president pro tempore also does not often serve in the role (though it is their constitutional right to do so). Instead, as governed by Rule I, they frequently designate a junior senator to preside.
When the Senate hears an impeachment trial of the incumbent president of the United States, by the procedure established in the Constitution, the chief justice presides.
Constitutional authority
The Constitution provides for two officers to preside over the Senate. Article One, Section 3, Clause 4 designates the vice president of the United States as the president of the Senate. In this capacity, the vice president was expected to preside at regular sessions of the Senate, casting votes only to break ties. From John Adams in 1789 to Richard Nixon in the 1950s, presiding over the Senate was the chief function of vice presidents, who had an office in the Capitol, received their staff support and office expenses through the legislative appropriations, and rarely were invited to participate in cabinet meetings or other executive activities. In 1961, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson changed the vice presidency by moving his chief office from the Capitol to the White House, by directing his attention to executive functions, and by attending Senate sessions only at critical times when his vote, or ruling from the chair, might be necessary. Vice presidents since Johnson's time have followed his example.
Next, Article One, Section 3, Clause 5 provides that in the absence of the vice president the Senate could choose a president pro tempore to temporarily preside and perform the duties of the chair. Since vice presidents presided routinely in the 18th and 19th centuries, the Senate thought it necessary to choose a president pro tempore only for the limited periods when the vice president might be ill or otherwise absent. As a result, the Senate frequently elected several presidents pro tempore during a single session.
On three occasions during the 19th century, the Senate was without both a president and a president pro tempore:
July 9–11, 1850, following Millard Fillmore's accession to the presidency upon the death of Zachary Taylor, until William R. King was elected president pro tempore;
September 19–October 10, 1881, following Chester Arthur's accession to the presidency upon the death of James A. Garfield, until Thomas F. Bayard was elected president pro tempore;
November 25–December 7, 1885, following the death of Vice President Thomas A. Hendricks, until John Sherman was elected president pro tempore.
Additionally, Article One, Section 3, Clause 6 grants to the Senate the sole power to try federal impeachments and spells out the basic procedures for impeachment trials. Among the requirements is the stipulation that the chief justice is to preside over presidential impeachment trials. This rule underscores the solemnity of the occasion and aims, in part, to avoid the possible conflict of interest of a vice president's presiding over the proceeding for the removal of the one official standing between the vice president and the presidency. The chief justice has presided as such only three times:
Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase presided over the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson in 1868;
Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist presided over the impeachment trial of Bill Clinton in 1999;
Chief Justice John Roberts presided over the first impeachment trial of Donald Trump in 2020.
According to Article One, Section 5, Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution, the Senate is allowed to establish, for itself, its own rules of operations, including the roles and duties of the presiding officer. Those rules are known as the Standing Rules of the United States Senate, and Rule I deals with the appointment of a person to act as the chair, or presiding officer, for normal Senate proceedings. It recognizes the constitutionally mandated roles of vice president and president pro tempore, but goes further to allow for the appointment of an acting president pro tempore, and further allows for the president pro tempore to also designate any other senator to perform his duties. As a result, during the day-to-day operation of the body, it is rare for the actual presiding role to be handled by the president pro tempore (and rarer still for the vice president to do so). Instead, a designated junior senator is most commonly appointed to do the job.
Manner of address
The presiding officer is usually addressed as "Mr. President" or "Madam President." During impeachment trials of the president, the chief justice is referred to as "Mr. Chief Justice.”
During joint sessions of Congress in which the president of the United States is giving the address, practices have varied as to how the president of the United States refers to the vice president. It was the custom for earlier presidents up to George H. W. Bush to refer to the vice president as "Mr. President" while addressing a joint session of Congress, in deference to their role as president of the Senate. Every president since Bill Clinton have since addressed the vice president acting as Senate president as “Mr./Madam Vice President”.
List of presiding officers
This list includes all presidents of the Senate (the vice presidents of the United States), those presidents pro tempore of the Senate who presided during intra–term vacancies in the vice presidency or when the vice president was acting as president of the United States, and those chief justices who presided during presidential impeachment trials. It does not include presidents pro tempore who presided over sessions temporarily during an absence of the Senate president, or junior senators designated by the president pro tempore to preside temporarily.
See also
List of vice presidents of the United States
List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, the presiding officer of the United States House of Representatives
Notes
References
Leaders of the United States Senate
Vice presidency of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presiding%20Officer%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Senate |
Births
28 November 1851 - Albert Grey, 4th Earl Grey, administrator, is born at St James's Palace.
1852 - Philip Lyttleton Gell, 3rd Chairman of British South Africa Company
9 February 1853 - Leander Starr Jameson, statesman, is born at Stranraer, Scotland
3 December 1854 - William Henry Milton, sportsman and statesman, is born at Little Marlow, Buckinghamshire, England
See also
1840s in Zimbabwe
other events of 1850s
Years in Zimbabwe
References
Decades in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850s%20in%20Zimbabwe |
The River Croco () is a small river in Cheshire in England. It starts as lowland field drainage west of Congleton, flows along the south edge of Holmes Chapel, and joins the River Dane at Middlewich. It is about long.
According to an historical account, dating back to 1585, the course of the River Croco begins west of Bag Mere, Brereton cum Smethwick:
That which they call the Croco is a small Brook, which cometh out of Bagmer-mere, and passeth by Brereton church and hall (the ancient house of the surname of Breretons) through Brereton park, Kinderton park, through Middlewich, and not far from thence, falleth into the Dane at Croxton, near the same place, where the Wheelock falleth in also.
The Place-Names of England and Wales (1915) suggests that the name Croco may be Celtic or even earlier.
Historical maps show the source of the river to be the lowland field drainage system to the northeast of Brookhouse Green. From here, the river heads north past the hamlet of Illidge Green and then northwest via Brereton Hall, where a weir and boathouse were created to the west of Saint Oswald's Church. The river flows northwest towards Parkmill Farm, where again a weir was constructed to form Brereton Pool. It then heads towards Holmes Chapel before turning west and passing under London Road (A50) at Alum Bridge. The river continues this westward course, passing under the M6 and Poolford Lane near Cinderhill and then Brereton Lane, north of Dockbank Farm at Sproston. The river continues its westward journey via Fender Wood, winding its way north of Kinderton Lodge towards Middlewich, where it is joined by Sanderson's Brook southeast of the town, near Brooks Lane. It then heads northwest on the right-hand side of the Trent and Mersey Canal until it joins the River Dane at the northwest corner of Harbutt's Field.
Back in Fender Wood, a weir feeds a channel of water to supply a historical mill race; this watercourse follows the field boundaries, past what was Brookhouse Farm, then under Pochin Way (historically the start of Lodge Lane), through Midpoint 18 business park and under Holmes Chapel Road, before running through the garden of the bungalow to the east of the Old Station House. Here, it disappears through a culvert towards the railway embankment. Historically, this watercourse would have fed the mill pond that powered the Kinderton Corn Mill, as shown in the 1882 Ordnance Survey map.
Looking at a topographic map, the elevation of the River Croco is about 85 m (280 ft) at source, falling to 27 m (89 ft) at the point where it flows into the River Dane.
References
Croco
2Croco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Croco |
WBXC-CD is a Buzzr affiliate for Champaign, Illinois. It is owned by Gray Television, and broadcasts on UHF channel 18. It was formerly on channel 46 until December 20, 2019.
External links
BXC-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBXC-CD |
Glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+) (, glutamic dehydrogenase, dehydrogenase, glutamate (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)), glutamic acid dehydrogenase, L-glutamate dehydrogenase, L-glutamic acid dehydrogenase, NAD(P)+-glutamate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP+)) is an enzyme with systematic name L-glutamate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (deaminating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
L-glutamate + H2O + NADP+ 2-oxoglutarate + NH3 + NADPH + H+
References
External links
EC 1.4.1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate%20dehydrogenase%20%28NADP%2B%29 |
Glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD(P)+) (, glutamic dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+]) is an enzyme with systematic name L-glutamate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase (deaminating). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
L-glutamate + H2O + NAD(P)+ 2-oxoglutarate + NH4+ + NAD(P)H + H+
References
External links
EC 1.4.1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamate%20dehydrogenase%20%28NAD%28P%29%2B%29 |
The Brigham Young University (BYU) Cougars and the University of Utah (Utah) Utes have a longstanding intercollegiate rivalry. The annual college football game is frequently referred to as the Holy War. In the 1890s, when BYU was still known as Brigham Young Academy (BYA), the two schools started competing athletically. The schools have met continually since 1909 in men's basketball, and met once a year in football from 1922 to 2013, with the exception of 1943–45 when BYU did not field a team due to World War II. Both schools formerly competed in the Mountain West Conference, but both teams left the MWC in 2011—Utah joined the Pac-12 Conference and BYU became a football independent while joining the West Coast Conference for other sports.
There are several conditions which foster the rivalry: proximity of the two schools, successes of the academics and athletic teams, and religion. BYU is owned and operated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), while Utah is a secular institution and the flagship university of the state's System of Higher Education.
Unique characteristics
Religion
This rivalry has traditionally featured Mormons vs. Mormons between Utah's two oldest universities. Subsequently, the football game played between these two schools has come to be known as the Holy War. Both schools were founded by the LDS Church, have significant percentages of LDS students and faculty as well as many historical and customary affiliations with Mormonism, such as LDS institutes and dry campuses. As much as religion is a common historical foundation for the rivalry, it has also been a source of animosity, and many have sought to downplay the aspect of rivalry within the religion. The University of Utah (aka "the U") is a public state-owned school. Because this rivalry includes a state vs. church dimension, many fans of both schools use it as a forum to vent deeply held feelings and perceptions.
While the LDS Church owns BYU, some of the church's top leadership, including current church president Russell M. Nelson and his two immediate predecessors, Thomas S. Monson and Gordon B. Hinckley, attended and graduated from the University of Utah. Brigham Young, the church's second president, and the man for whom BYU is named, founded the University of Deseret, which later became the University of Utah when it was bought out by other state residents. Former church president David O. McKay played right guard for Utah's first football team in 1894 and former apostle, Joseph B. Wirthlin, also played football for the University of Utah.
Successful programs
Both Utah and BYU have ebbed and flowed with successful athletic programs over the years. The two teams were part of the same conference from 1922 to 2010, and their clashes often decided the conference title.
The BYU–Utah rivalry remains heated and intense whether the schools are dueling in football, men's and women's basketball, baseball, women's gymnastics and volleyball, or even rugby (where schools compete annually for the Wasatch Cup).
Location
The institutions are a 45-minute drive down Interstate 15 from each other. The close proximity has caused the schools to constantly compete against each other for recruits, as well as for fan support.
Longevity
Utah and BYU also have a long history in football, however the two schools disagree on exactly when the series started. BYU asserts that the series began in 1922, but Utah claims that it actually began in 1896 when BYU was known as BYA. From 1896 to 1899, BYA and Utah played each other six times, with each school winning three games. Both schools agree that Utah leads the football series; Utah claims a 61–34–4 lead, while BYU says Utah leads 58–31–4. As noted, the two schools were part of the same conference for almost 90 years.
History
In 1895, BYA and the University of Utah met for the first sporting event between the two schools: a baseball game. The scoreless match ended with a bench-clearing brawl, and a rivalry was born.
The early years
Unsurprisingly, the history of the BYU–Utah rivalry is also in dispute. Utah claims that the football rivalry began in the late 19th century, when Utah played BYA six times between 1896 and 1899. BYU does not count these games in their official records, since it was not then known as BYU, but BYA. Furthermore, BYU asserts that the first of those football games, a 12–4 Utah victory in April 1896, was in actuality a practice-scrimmage to prepare for the following fall season. But whether or not the game meant anything to the schools at the time, it certainly meant a great deal to the fans. At the end of the match, a fight broke out between fans of the two schools.
Through most of its history, this rivalry was classified as mainly a basketball rivalry. Though the schools have regularly played each other in football since at least 1922, the football aspect (known as the “Holy War”) was very one-sided. Utah dominated from the start and even with the resurgence of BYU football in the 1970s, Utah still has a large overall lead in the series. Not counting the disputed games involving BYA, Utah won the first six meetings by a combined score of 186–13. And by 1941, Utah led the series-record 17–0, with 3 ties. BYU finally earned its first victory of the rivalry in 1942, but wouldn't win another until 1958. By 1964, Utah had extended its record against BYU to 34–2, with 4 ties.
On the other hand, the basketball aspect of the rivalry was very competitive from its beginning in 1909. BYU won the first eight meetings, and by an average margin of about 12 points (including a 32–9 victory in the first game). After that though, neither team would win more than 4 straight until 1938; an impressive statistic considering that the teams would often play 4–5 times per season back then. The series remained close, and from 1939 to 1971, Utah won 37 of the meetings and BYU won 36.
During the early years of the rivalry, only Utah enjoyed basketball success on the national level. Utah won a National Championship in 1944, reached the Final Four in 1961 and 1966, and won the NIT Tournament in 1947. BYU won the NIT twice: in 1951, and again in 1966, when the NIT was still considered at least equal to, if not better than, the NCAA basketball tournament.
The rise of BYU football
During the 1970s and 80s, the basketball side of the rivalry remained close, with Utah winning 21 games and BYU winning 19. Meanwhile, the football side also began to intensify. In 1972, BYU hired a new head football coach, LaVell Edwards. In Edwards’ first season at the helm, BYU defeated Utah for the first time in five years. In 1974, BYU was invited to their first ever bowl game, after winning the conference championship for the second time ever. BYU also began to annually dominate Utah, who was experiencing a series of losing seasons and coaching changes. By 1976, Edwards had compiled a 5–0 record against the Utes.
In 1977, Utah hired a new coach of their own, Wayne Howard. That year, BYU soundly beat Utah 38–8 in Provo. With less than two minutes left, BYU's star QB, Marc Wilson, was sent back into the game to set an NCAA passing record and rack up an astounding 571 passing yards. In his post-game remarks to the press, Howard accused Edwards of running up the score, and was quoted as saying:
"This today will be inspiring. The hatred between BYU and Utah is nothing compared to what it will be. It will be a crusade to beat BYU from now on. This is a prediction: In the next two years Utah will drill BYU someday, but we won’t run up the score even if we could set an NCAA record against them."
Howard was able to lead Utah to victory over the Cougars the next year, but it would be his only time, and Utah's only victory over BYU in a 16-year period. Howard continued to have an intensity toward the rivalry, but retired from coaching after the 1981 season.
BYU went on to make a major impact on the national level. From 1979 to 1992, BYU went 13–1 against the Utes, won 11 conference championships, and a national championship in 1984. Utah's lone football victory over the Cougars during this period came in 1988.
As the football rivalry intensified, the emotion carried over into other sports. For instance, during a baseball game in the mid-1980s, BYU players taunted the Ute pitcher. The pitcher reacted by throwing a fastball into the Cougar dugout, igniting a bench-clearing brawl.
As the 1990s began, BYU's football program's success began to lessen, although from 1989 to 1996, BYU won at least a share of the WAC championship every year but one (1994, in which Utah ended the season in the top 10).
In 1996, Edwards assembled one of his best teams: winning 14 games, finishing the season #5 in both major polls, and with a thrilling victory over Kansas State in the Cotton Bowl Classic. That season, the Cougars snapped their 3-game losing streak to Utah, who had started to field a competitive team under the leadership of Coach Ron McBride. Under McBride, (hired in 1990), Utah found more success in football. In 1994, they compiled a 10–2 record, beat BYU, beat Arizona in the Freedom Bowl, and finished the season ranked #8 in the Coaches Poll.
The resurgence of Utah basketball
In the meantime, the basketball rivalry remained just as competitive as ever. In 1989, BYU and Utah each hired new head basketball coaches, Roger Reid and Rick Majerus respectively. These two coaches brought their colorful, and often controversial, personalities to an already-lively rivalry.
These coaches also had considerable success during their tenures. During Reid's seven-year term as coach, BYU won two WAC titles, played in five NCAA Tournaments, and one NIT.
In the fifteen head-to-head meetings involving these two coaches, Reid's teams won eight games, and Majerus’ teams won seven. However, Majerus would go on to have a much better career overall. In Majerus’ 12 full seasons as Utah coach, the Utes made 11 post-season appearances, including four Sweet Sixteens, and a Final Four in 1998. That year, the Utes lost to Kentucky in the championship game after holding a double-digit halftime lead.
Utah's resurgence to national basketball prominence, and BYU's struggles in the late 1990s, are illustrated by the fact that from 1995 to 2000, the Utes beat the Cougars 12 straight times. Additionally, BYU never won a game at Utah between 1994 and 2006. This resurgence was short-lived, however. Since 2006, BYU owns a 10–4 record against Utah in men's basketball.
The present
In the 2000s, BYU and Utah have each found themselves in the spotlight again. Especially in football, where several meetings have had important MWC, if not national, implications. In 2001, BYU came within a single game of making the case to become the first BCS non-AQ conference team to deserve a BCS bowl bid. Their near-perfect season included a thrilling 24–21 come-from-behind victory over the Utes on national television. Three years later, BYU and Utah met with a BCS invite again on the line, but this time it was Utah who was looking to cap off a perfect season. Under second-year head coach Urban Meyer, and future #1 NFL Draft choice Alex Smith at QB, the Utes beat the Cougars 52–21, and clinched a bid to the Fiesta Bowl. ESPN sent their College GameDay crew out to Salt Lake to highlight the event.
In November 2005, The Wall Street Journal ranked the BYU-Utah football rivalry as the fourth-best in the country.
On the basketball front, both schools regularly compete for the conference championship and post-season berths. Furthermore, the rivalry has featured such players as NBA lottery pick Rafael Araújo and the 10th pick in the 2011 NBA Draft, Jimmer Fredette for BYU, and NBA #1 Pick Andrew Bogut for Utah. To commemorate the rivalry, Utah's former coach, Ray Giacoletti was known to wear a red sports jacket (the "Giac-et") during each meeting.
And while the on-court intensity remains with the rivalry, off-court controversy is seemingly ever-present as well. In April 2004, eight Utah baseball players hiked onto the hillside above BYU's campus where lies a large concrete "Y." The players then painted the landmark red, and proceeded to take pictures of themselves in front of their handiwork. Ten days later, an employee of a discount store in Salt Lake notified the police that a customer had recently developed pictures of himself and friends in front of the painted "Y." The customer happened to be Ute pitcher Ryan Breska, and the store employee happened to be a BYU fan. When Breska returned to pick up his photos, police were waiting to arrest him. Breska and the rest of "The Utah 8" (as they became known) were charged with second-degree felony mischief, a charge that carries a maximum sentence of 15 years in prison. After much media publicity and public debate, authorities in Provo agreed to reduce the charges to class B misdemeanors and a fine of $6,267.20.
The matches have proved to be so intensive and compelling that in 2008 Deseret First Credit Union decided to sponsor the matches between the two schools, with the winning school being award a trophy at the end of each year. The event awards points for each head-to-head winner of the two schools across 12 sports: football, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's swimming, women's gymnastics, men's and women's tennis, baseball, softball, women's soccer, and women's volleyball. These 12 sports encompass the Deseret First Duel. The schools face off in regular season matches. The winner of each match is awarded 3 points as part of the Deseret First Duel scoring system, with the exception of football and men's basketball, where the winner gets 10 points. (The point system was altered prior to 2017, giving basketball winners just 3 points and football winners just 5 points.) Since the conception of the duel in 2008, Utah now leads the series, with seven titles to five for BYU. BYU won in 2008, and Utah won in 2009. Then the schools each won three years in a row, with BYU winning the title in 2010–2012, and Utah winning in 2013–2015. In 2016 and 2017, the two schools traded victories once again. Utah won again in 2018 and 2019, and has now won 6 of the last 7 Deseret Duel titles.
2016 Basketball Cancellation Controversy
In January 2016, Utah Coach Larry Krystkowiak ignited a controversy in the state of Utah for deciding to cancel a scheduled game between the two teams in the 2016–17 season.
Krystkowiak said the main reason for the game's cancellation was increasingly chippy play among players of both teams in what had become an increasingly heated rivalry in recent years. This concern escalated following a punch thrown by BYU guard Nick Emery at Utah guard Brandon Taylor during the Dec. 2, 2015 contest. In the second half, after some back-and-forth physicality between the guards, Emery cocked his arm back and hit Taylor in the face—who then fell to the court and smacked his head on the hardwood.
Krystkowiak said after the game that he was incensed by Emery's punch and what appeared to be further taunting by the freshman guard as well as a lack of discipline by BYU coach Dave Rose concerning the play. Krystkowiak initially noted that he felt subsequent apologies from Emery and BYU coach Dave Rose lacked sincerity but after sincere text messages between Krystkowiak and Emery, Krystkowiak accepted his apology considered the situation resolved. The West Coast Conference, the league in which BYU plays, ultimately suspended Emery for one game but BYU took no additional disciplinary action—further souring Krystkowiak's view of the ordeal.
The game's cancellation, the first interruption in the series since World War II, drew mixed views from local and national media. Most Utah fans and some among national sports media, including ESPN hosts Tony Kornheiser and Michael Wilbon, applauded Krystkowiak's decision to cancel the game —citing incidents that have given BYU athletics a reputation for "dirty play" in recent years. Krystkowiak called his decision largely as “protecting myself from myself”. A few of the local media, most of the BYU fanbase, and even Utah Governor Herbert criticized the move, citing the deep historical significance of the series. Cougar fans called the move petty, noting that a Utah player had allegedly slapped a BYU player five years previous.
Utah and BYU used to play two games every season while members of the same conference. Though currently members of different leagues the teams are not required to play and games that are scheduled have no bearing on either team's conference record.
Utah's football program took a two-year break in the series to play Michigan in a home and home series (with Utah winning both games); the break ended early when the two schools ended up playing against each other in the 2015 Las Vegas Bowl. They resumed regular football contests in 2016, with a game scheduled every year through 2024. Utah won nine straight games against BYU in the series from 2009 through 2020.
Highlights
Basketball
March 5, 1983– Provo
Utah (14–13, 9–5) beats BYU (14–13, 10–4) in an epic triple-overtime game. In doing so, Utah clinched a co-conference championship and the accompanying NCAA tournament berth.
Utah 64, BYU 62 (3OT)
January 14, 1984– Provo
For the second year in a row, a Marriott Center crowd witnesses an overtime shootout between BYU (6–4, 0–0) and Utah (6–6, 0–0). This time, the game went to double overtime, and BYU left with the victory.
BYU 113, Utah 105 (2OT)
March 2, 1985– Provo
For the third year in a row, BYU (15–12, 9–6) and Utah (12–15, 7–8) play a multiple overtime game at the Marriott Center. In the final seconds of the third overtime, Utah freshman Bobby Adair hits the game winning shot.
Utah 86, BYU 85 (3OT)
February 27, 1988– Salt Lake City
Earlier in the season, a highly favored BYU team beat Utah 82–64 in Provo, extending their record to 17–0, and earning a #3 national ranking. BYU would eventually climb as high as #2, but three weeks later, the Utes (16–9, 8–5) upset the #2 Cougars (23–2, 12–1) in Salt Lake City. Utah's Keith Chapman scored two 3-point shots in the final 90 seconds, including the game-winning shot at the buzzer.
Utah 62, BYU 60
March 8, 1990– El Paso, TX
After missing the majority of the season due to health problems, Utah coach Rick Majerus watched the game from the stands as the Utes (15–13, 7–9) and Cougars (21–7, 11–5) met in the first round of the WAC Tournament. The highly favored BYU squad was able to establish a nine-point lead with 11:23 left in the game, but Utah, led by Josh Grant, Craig Rydalch, and Walter Watts, fought back to force overtime. Once again, BYU was able to establish a seemingly-comfortable 5-point lead with 34 seconds left in OT, but Utah would close the game by hitting two 3-pointers, including the game winner by Tommy Connor (who played with a broken finger) with seven seconds left. Andy Toolson led the Cougars with 21 points, but star senior Marty Haws was held to nine.
Utah 62, BYU 61 (OT)
March 9, 1991– Laramie, WY
BYU (19–12, 11–5) and Utah (28–2, 15–1) met in the 1991 WAC Championship game. The Utes came back from a nine-point second half deficit to force overtime. But with the game tied, Utah's Tyrone Tate committed a foul, which allowed BYU's Nathan Call to put the Cougars up by two from the free-throw line with :08 left. On the ensuing possession, Utah's Josh Grant spotted Tate all alone under the basket. Tate got the pass, but his wide-open lay-up bounced off the rim. He managed to grab the rebound, but his put-back attempt also bounced off as time expired. BYU's 7-foot-6 freshman Shawn Bradley led all scorers with 21 points; he also added 13 rebounds and five blocked shots.
BYU 51, Utah 49 (OT)
Feb. 27, 1993– Salt Lake City
Perhaps the most highly anticipated BYU/Utah game ever. BYU (22–5, 14–1) and Utah (21–3, 14–1) entered the game tied for first-place in the WAC. Additionally, Utah was ranked #11 in the nation, and BYU was #23. After playing close for nearly 30 minutes, Utah opened up a 12-point lead and never trailed from then on. Utah's Phil Dixon scored a career-high 28 points, and Josh Grant pulled down 22 rebounds. Gary Trost scored 26 for the Cougars.
Utah 89, BYU 83
Jan. 8, 1994– Salt Lake City
The second-largest crowd ever in the Huntsman Center saw BYU (8–3, 1–1) steal one from Utah (7–4, 1–1) in Salt Lake. Down by two with 16-seconds left and 3-seconds on the shot-clock, Robbie Reid nailed a 25-foot three-pointer. Ten seconds later, Utah's Craig Rydalch hit the apparent game winning lay-up, but he was called for charging. Reid, a true freshman and the coach's son, went 4–6 from beyond the arc, including the game winner. Another true freshman, Keith Van Horn, had 21 points for the Utes. The Cougars wouldn't win again at the Huntsman Center until the 2006–07 season.
BYU 64, Utah 62
March 10, 1994 – Salt Lake City:
"The Great Caucasian Shootout"
Utah (14–13, 8–10) became the victim of a BYU (19–8, 12–6) “statement game” in the WAC Tournament. BYU Coach Roger Reid allowed his starters to play the majority of the game, despite leading by as many as 33 points. The Cougars shot 73.9% from the field in the first half, and 63.5% for the game.
BYU 98, Utah 67
March 10, 2000 – Las Vegas, NV
Having lost the last 12 meetings, BYU (19–9, 7–7) finally beat Utah (22–7, 10–4), and they did it during the inaugural Mountain West Conference Tournament. The Cougars staged a 12–3 run to start the second half and go up 38–33. Utah managed to tie it up at 42, but with 8:39 remaining BYU took the lead for good. BYU forward Eric Nielsen, who scored a career-high 17 points, called the victory “a dream come true.” BYU's Director of Basketball Operations, Jeff Judkins (former Utah basketball star and assistant coach and later BYU's women's basketball coach), added: “It feels just like Christmas!”
BYU 58, Utah 54
February 23, 2002– Provo
Just one minute into the second-half, Utah (19–5, 9–2) had built up a 21-point lead. But from there, BYU (16–8, 6–5), led by Matt Montague and Travis Hansen, outscored the Utes 34–14, including a 3-pointer by Montague to cut the Utah lead to one with 1:18 left. Less than a minute later, Montague found Eric Nielsen, whose 15-foot shot gave BYU their first lead of the game, and which proved to be the game winner. The win extended the Cougars' homecourt winning-streak to 35 games.
BYU 63, Utah 61
January 25, 2003– Provo
BYU (13–4, 2–0) had extended their homecourt winning-streak to 44 games, the nation's longest streak. Meanwhile, Utah (13–4, 1–1) entered Provo without coach Majerus, who was in Southern California attending the funeral for the stepfather of former Ute star Andre Miller. Both teams played extremely well and extremely close- where an 8-point Ute lead early in the game would be the largest lead for either team. For BYU, Travis Hansen had 21 points and 12 rebounds, Rafael Araújo had 19 points and nine rebounds, and Mark Bigelow added 16 points. However, it would not be enough to continue the streak. Utah's backup guard Marc Jackson scored 17 points to lead the Utes. With ice in his veins, he hit all 13 of his free throws, including four crucial attempts in the final 15 seconds of the game to seal the win. The Utes also got double-digit points from Tim Frost (16), Nick Jacobson (13), and Britton Johnsen (12). The win gave Utah a 117–116 series edge.
Utah 79, BYU 75
Football
October 10, 1942– Salt Lake City
BYU (1–1, 0–1) finally beat Utah (0–2, 0–0) after going winless for the first 20 games of the rivalry. Down by two late in the fourth quarter, BYU blocked a punt, and the ball rolled out of bounds at the Utah 10-yard line. Four plays later, BYU's Herman Longhurst ran in the winning touchdown from three yards out. Immediately after the game, Cougar fans stormed onto the field and tore down the goalposts, igniting a celebration that continued for three days. The following Monday, the Mayor of Provo formally proclaimed an official day of celebration.
BYU 12, Utah 7
November 26, 1953– Salt Lake City:
NBC was on hand to broadcast one of the first nationally televised college football games ever. Approximately 60 million viewers tuned in to watch the Thanksgiving Day event, in which Utah (7–2, 4–0) was favored to beat the Cougars (2–6–1, 0–4) by 24 points. BYU kept it close during the first half for a 13–13 halftime score, but in the third quarter Utah quickly jumped out to a 13-point lead and looked as though they might in fact cover the spread after all. However, BYU would stage a comeback- scoring two quick touchdowns to tie the game at 26. Utah took the lead again, as RB Don Peterson scored on a two-yard run to make the score 33–26. Then, with 90 seconds left in the game, BYU's QB Henry West completed a 32-yard touchdown pass to Phil Oyler. But the game-tying extra point attempt failed, and Utah escaped with a narrow win.
Utah 33, BYU 32
November 18, 1978– Salt Lake City
One year after Utah coach Wayne Howard waged a "crusade to beat BYU," the Utes (5–3, 2–2) and Cougars (7–2, 5–0) squared off at Rice Stadium on a cold November afternoon. BYU's promising new QB, Jim McMahon, led the Cougars to a 16–0 halftime lead, and it appeared that BYU was headed for their seventh straight win over the Utes. But Utah would dominate the Cougars from then on, holding them to just 6 second-half points. Down by six with 3:30 left in the game, Utah faced a fourth-and-17 from the BYU 19. But Ute QB Randy Gomez would find WR Frank Henry wide open in the southwest corner of the endzone for the game-winning touchdown. It was Gomez's third touchdown pass on the day.
Utah 23, BYU 22
November 19, 1988– Salt Lake City
The Rice Bowl
Since Utah had last beat BYU in football, the Cougars had gone 104–24, won eight conference championships, and one national championship. The Utes (5–5, 3–4), who entered the game as 11-point underdogs, jumped out to a 21-point lead and never let up until the game was over and the goal posts had been torn down. Utah QB Scott Mitchell finished the day with 384 yards passing, and RB Eddie Johnson added 112 yards on the ground. BYU (8–2, 5–2), on the other hand, gave up eight turnovers, and suffered numerous game-ending injuries at key positions, including to QB Sean Covey. Local companies and fans capitalized on the victory by selling key chains made with pieces of the goal posts, and tee-shirts which proclaimed: "I was there: 57–28!"
Utah 57, BYU 28
November 19, 1989– Provo
The Great Ute-shoot
After the '88 "Rice Bowl" victory for the Utes, BYU fans had a mind for revenge prior to the '89 game in Provo. 66,110 fans filled the stadium for a game frequently overlooked by Utah fans which saw the two teams combine for over 100 points. Scott Mitchell who had passed for nearly 400 yards the year before could only watch from the sidelines as his understudy Mike Richmond struggled against BYU's defense. Before most fans were in their seats BYU had jumped out to a 14–0 lead. BYU held a 49–0 lead before the Utes would score their first touchdown in a game so lopsided BYU quarterback Ty Detmer was given permission to visit the restroom during the game. At halftime the score was 49–7. In the 4th quarter down 63–10 Utah would go on to score 3 touchdowns against BYU's defensive reserves.
BYU 70, Utah 31
November 20, 1993– Provo:
34–31, pt. I
For the first time in 21 years, Utah (6–5, 4–3) beats BYU (5–4, 5–1) in Provo. With the game tied at 31, and only seconds remaining in the game, the Utes found themselves on the BYU 38-yard line, and with no option other than to send in their field goal kicker. Utah's kicker, Chris Yergensen, had already missed two out of three FGs on the day. And when he was not missing FGs, he was consulting with a sideline psychologist that the team had brought in for his benefit. Nevertheless, Yergensen was sent into the game and promptly kicked the game-winning 55-yard field goal (the longest of his career) as time expired.
Utah 34, BYU 31
November 19, 1994– Salt Lake City:
34–31, pt. II
For the first time ever, both BYU and Utah entered the game ranked in the AP poll: BYU (9–2, 6–1) was #20 and Utah (8–2, 5–2) was #21. The game also featured six lead changes, including a 27-yard touchdown pass from John Walsh to Mike Johnston to put BYU ahead by four with 2:15 remaining. But Ute freshman Cal Beck returned the ensuing kickoff 67 yards to the Cougar 32; and three plays later, Utah QB Mike McCoy found RB Charlie Brown for a 20-yard touchdown strike with just 56 seconds left to retake the lead. In the final seconds of the game, BYU was able to move to ball all the way up to the Ute 34, but Utah's Bronzell Miller forced a fumble that teammate Luther Elliss recovered to preserve the win: 34–31... again.
Utah 34, BYU 31
November 21, 1998– Salt Lake City:
“The Doink Heard 'Round Utah”
Once again, a close, hard-fought game goes down to the final seconds, and the outcome hinged on a single play. BYU (8–3, 6–1) was able to extend their lead to nine with an FG with 2:41 left in the game. However, Utah (7–3, 5–2) began a wild comeback when Daniel Jones returned the ensuing kickoff 95 yards to cut the Cougar lead down to two. Then, after forcing BYU to punt on their next possession, Utah's offense promptly marched the ball down the Cougar 15-yard line to set up the potential game-winning field goal. But Utah's Ryan Kaneshiro's 32-yard field goal attempt bounced audibly off the right goalpost as time expired. The term "doink" comes from the description of the play given to local media outlets by former Cougar QB Steve Sarkisian who was on the BYU sideline during the game.
BYU 26, Utah 24
November 24, 2000– Salt Lake City:
“LaVell's Last Miracle”
Both the Utes (4–6, 3–3) and Cougars (5–6, 3–3) were finishing unremarkable seasons, but this game stood significant in the fact that BYU's coach LaVell Edwards had recently announced his retirement, making the game his last. His Cougar team led 26–10 at the end of the third quarter, but the night was just getting started. The Utes scored 17 points during the fourth quarter, including a 20-yard touchdown pass from Darnell Arceneaux to Matt Nickle with 2:16 remaining. Leading by one point, Utah's defense had BYU pinned: fourth down and 13 yards to go from their own 17, and about one minute left. Appropriately, Edwards' last game would end in miraculous fashion. Cougar QB Brandon Doman found WR Jonathan Pittman for a 34-yard completion to sustain the drive. Then on the next play, Doman completed a 36-yard pass to Pittman. Two plays later, Doman ran in the winning touchdown with only 13 seconds left.
BYU 34, Utah 27
November 17, 2001– Provo
BYU was ranked #8, undefeated (10–0, 6–0), and hoping to become the first BCS non-AQ team ever to earn an invitation to a BCS bowl. However, with 3½ minutes left in the fourth quarter, the Cougars found themselves trailing 21–10 to Utah (7–2, 4–1) in front of packed crowd of 66,149. For the second year in a row, QB Brandon Doman engineered a dramatic late-game comeback against the Utes. This time, Doman led the Cougars 92 yards in 2:25, capped off with a seven-yard touchdown pass to star RB Luke Staley. Staley cut the Utah lead to three with a two-point conversion run. Then, after holding the Utah offense to a three-and-out, BYU got the ball back with 2:11 remaining...which was more time than they'd need. The Cougars quickly moved the ball up to the Utah 30, and with 1:16 left, Staley took a pitch from Doman and rushed down the sideline for the winning touchdown. Utah's final drive got as far as the BYU 30, but Jernaro Gilford intercepted a Lance Rice pass to seal the win.
BYU 24, Utah 21
November 22, 2003– Provo
The Snow Bowl
For the first time since 1957, Utah (8–2, 5–1) clinches an outright conference championship; and they do it on the road, in a snowstorm, and against BYU (4–7, 3–3). Fans who braved the snow and 19 degree temperature were treated to a hard-fought defensive showdown. With 8:43 left in the second quarter, Utah's Bryan Borreson kicked a 41-yard field goal to put the Utes up 3–0. But that was all the points Utah would get that day...and all they would need. The Ute defense held two Cougar QBs to a combined total of 41 yards passing, and only allowed BYU's offense to cross the 50-yard line once the entire game. And while the Utah offense was less than stellar itself, it did manage to win the time of possession battle by over 13 minutes. It was the first time in 361 straight games that BYU was held scoreless in a game (ending an NCAA record), and the first time in 33 years that they were shut out at home.
Utah 3, BYU 0
November 20, 2004– Salt Lake City:
“BCS Busters”
The Utes (10–0, 6–0) were ranked #6 in the Coaches' Poll, #5 in the AP, and on the verge of being guaranteed the first-ever BCS bowl berth for a BCS non-AQ team. The Cougars (5–5, 4–2) kept pace with the Utes through the first half, and twice intercepted passes from Alex Smith (who had been intercepted only two times in the ten games prior). The Utes outscored the Cougars 31–7 in the second half to secure the win, and sombrero-clad fans (expecting a Fiesta Bowl invitation) rushed the field as time expired. This was both Gary Crowton's and Urban Meyer's final regular season game as head coach of their respective programs.
Utah 52, BYU 21
November 19, 2005– Provo
BYU (6–4, 5–2) was headed to their first bowl game in four years, had clinched at least a second-place conference finish, and fans were reeling with excitement about BYU's apparent return to their glory days. Utah (5–5, 3–4), on the other hand, came into the game with a disappointing record, and was forced to start Brett Ratliff, an inexperienced JC-transfer, at quarterback after starter Brian Johnson went down with a season-ending injury the week before.
To everyone's surprise, Utah jumped out to a quick first-half lead. However, BYU would come back, scoring 21 third-quarter points, and forcing overtime for the first time in the series history. In OT, Ratliff hit Travis LaTendresse for a 25-yard touchdown strike. On BYU's ensuing possession, QB John Beck's fourth-down pass landed incomplete in the back of the endzone, just beyond the outstretched arms of Todd Watkins.
Utah 41, BYU 34 (OT)
November 25, 2006– Salt Lake City
BYU (9–2, 7–0) went into this game undefeated in conference play and enjoying their most successful season in years. After gaining a 14-point first quarter lead, BYU began to fall behind. Utah (7–4, 5–2) took the lead 31–27 with 1:19 left in the game. The cougar offense mounted an impressive 70-yard drive to the Utah 14-yard line. With the game clock displaying zeros, John Beck's completed an 11-yard pass across his body to a wide-open Jonny Harline who caught the ball in the end zone on his knees to win the rivalry for the first time in 4 years.
BYU 33, Utah 31
November 24, 2007– Provo
Both #23 BYU (8–2, 6–0) and Utah (8–3, 5–2) entered this game with high hopes riding large winning streaks. The game started off slow as two top 20 defenses displayed their talent by forcing several punts and turnovers. By halftime, the BYU offense had kicked into gear and had racked up 176 yards to Utah's 33. However, their lead was only 3–0. BYU held the lead until the first touchdown of the game was scored by Utah with 94 seconds remaining in the game, at which point the score was 10–9. Shortly thereafter, the Cougars were facing a 4th-and-18 on their own 12-yard line and were in need of a miracle to avoid a loss in a game they had dominated on the stat sheet. At this point a scrambling Max Hall completed a 49-yard pass to Austin Collie. The drive was capped by an 11-yard touchdown run by Harvey Unga and BYU held on to secure an outright MWC conference championship.
BYU 17, Utah 10
November 22, 2008– Salt Lake City
“First Team to Bust the BCS Twice”
Both teams entered highly ranked with Utah (11–0, 7–0) at 7/8 and BYU (10–1, 6–1) 14/16. The cougars were hoping to upset the 7th ranked Utes. Playing for a second BCS berth in five seasons, Utah needed to win the Holy War to finish 12–0 and earn a BCS bowl. After Utah jumped out to a first half lead, BYU came storming back to draw it to 27–24 in the 3rd quarter; however, Ute defensive end Paul Kruger intercepted BYU quarterback Max Hall as the Cougars were driving to take the lead, which proved to be a vital turning point in the game. Hall finished the game with 5 interceptions and a fumble and the Utes went on to win 48–24, finishing their season undefeated for the second time in five seasons.
Utah 48, BYU 24
November 28, 2009– Provo
BYU and Utah both came in with successful seasons, building up anticipation between the fans. The Utes took an early lead, 6–0, but the Cougars quickly responded, scoring the next 20 points to take the lead 20–6. The Utes came back in the fourth quarter and tied the game, sending it to overtime. Utah had the first overtime possession, scoring a field goal and bringing the score to 23–20. On BYU's possession, Max Hall threw the ball to Andrew George, who caught the ball and dodged two Utes tacklers, Joe Dale and Stevenson Sylvester, who collided, and George completed the touchdown.
BYU 26, Utah 23 (OT)
November 27, 2010– Salt Lake City
Utah entered the game ranked #22 but were coming off of critical losses in games versus Texas Christian University and Notre Dame after ascending to a #8 AP ranking in their final season in the Mountain West. BYU came in riding a four-game winning streak after starting the season 2–5. With Utah being outscored 13–0 in the first half the Utes made a push in the second and went up 17–16 with an Asiata run late in the game. The game hinged upon a final field goal attempt by BYU. The kick attempt was blocked by Brandon Burton, thus securing Utah's victory and another thrilling Holy War.
Utah 17, BYU 16
September 17, 2011– Provo
BYU and Utah both came in with losses the previous week to Texas and USC, respectively. Manned by QB Jake Heaps the BYU offense gave up seven turnovers and the defense allowed multiple large scoring plays and allowed 172 rushing yards to RB John White III culminating in a thoroughly dominating and lopsided 54–10 Utah win in front of a sold out LES.
Utah 54, BYU 10
September 15, 2012– Salt Lake City
With Utah joining the Pac-12 Conference and BYU going independent in 2010, this was the second year the teams had not played in the same division since 1922. The teams recently announced that they will play in 2013 and 2016 but skip the 2014 and 2015 seasons. This will end a 67-year straight "Holy War" match up.
The game was tied 7:7 at the half. In the 3rd quarter, Utah scored 17 unanswered points. BYU managed to close the gap in the 4th quarter, scoring 14 unanswered points of their own. With only a few seconds left on the clock, a BYU pass was tipped and fell short of its receiver. The clock showed 0:00 and the Ute fans rushed the field. On further review, it was found that there was in fact 1 second left as the ball hit the ground, allowing for one more BYU play. With a chance to tie the score, BYU attempted a field goal which was blocked by Utah. The fans, who had not exited the field fully to the stands, again rushed the field prematurely. The ball was still live and BYU attempted to run the ball but was unsuccessful. Because there were fans on the field during the play, a "live ball" foul was awarded to BYU, who again had a chance to tie the game with better field position. This time BYU's kick sailed above Utah's defense and had enough height to make the distance, but hit the goal's upright and bounced back into the field. The game was now officially over.
Utah 24, BYU 21
September 21, 2013– Provo
Utah entered the game 2–1 with an overtime loss in their conference opener to Oregon State the week before. BYU was fresh off a surprising beat down of Texas which brought the cougars record to 1–1. Utah took control defensively in the first half, shutting out the Cougars 13–0 with a variety of explosive plays. BYU was able to rebound in the second half with two drives that ended in field goals; however, Utah drove the field and scored a touchdown to make the score 20–6. BYU kept it close by scoring their first touchdown and only red-zone score of the game. BYU got the ball for one last chance at tying the game but were unsuccessful.
Utah 20, BYU 13
December 19, 2015 – Las Vegas
"The Holy War in Sin City"
The two-season hiatus of the rivalry was cut short when BYU and Utah received invitations to play the 2015 Las Vegas Bowl. Utah would score five touchdowns in the first quarter, securing a 35–0 lead. Utah would not score any further points, and BYU scored four touchdowns through the three remaining quarters. However, they were not enough to tie or overtake Utah.
Utah 35, BYU 28
September 10, 2016 – Salt Lake City
The game started well with BYU and Utah each with points on the board after the first quarter. (Score of 7–6, favoring Utah) The next quarter brought on a touchdown for each teams, bringing the score up to 14–13. The third quarter did not bring much to the scoreboard other than a field goal made by Utah. In the fourth quarter, Utah scored another field goal bringing the score up to 20–13, and BYU scored a touchdown within the last few moments of the game. the touchdown (making the score 20–19), BYU tried for a 2-point conversion that could have won them the game. QB Taysom Hill had intentions of handing the ball off or passing, but a Utah defensive blitz caused him to keep the ball and rush towards the end zone. Hill was tackled at the three yard line, thus ending a 6th straight win for Utah over BYU.
Utah 20, BYU 19
September 9, 2017 – Provo
Utah started off the game with a first-quarter field goal and during the second quarter scored a touchdown, leading at half with a 9–0 lead. BYU responded to the score with a touchdown, making the score 9–6. Utah, however, scored a touchdown and completed the PAT and a field goal as well later in the third quarter. The fourth quarter remained scoreless except for a BYU touchdown that included a completed PAT, thus creating a seventh straight win for Utah over BYU.
Utah 19, BYU 13
November 24, 2018 – Salt Lake City
BYU came into the game with a 6–5 record on the season, and #17-ranked Utah came into the season with an 8–3 record. It seemed that BYU would start off horribly again as they had been all season, but the punt that followed the opening drive landed in the hands of a Utah special teams member, and was dropped. It was recovered by BYU and the drive that followed led to their first touchdown. With a 6–0 score because of a missed PAT, Utah was forced to punt on their next drive and BYU scored another touchdown within the next 2 minutes, creating a score of 13–0. Utah once again had to punt the ball with their next drive, giving BYU the ball. BYU scored, now leading 20–0. Utah punted on their next drive, followed by BYU punt. Now with the ball, Utah attempted a field goal, but it was blocked by BYU special teams member Khyris Tonga.
With a BYU-favored score of 20–0 at the half, Utah responded with a pick-six thrown by BYU QB Zach Wilson. BYU then responded with another score, after receiving a short field due to a ten-yard Utah punt, making the score 27–7. During the fourth quarter, Utah proceeded to score 28 unanswered points, making a 35–27 lead. Attempting to come back from the 8-point lead that Utah had gained in the second half, BYU tried to rush the ball for a first on a fourth down and five. The attempt failed, giving Utah the ball with less than a minute on the clock, sealing a 35–27 comeback win and an eighth straight victory over BYU.
Utah 35, BYU 27
August 29, 2019 – Provo
BYU and Utah opened the 2019 football season with their 100th meeting in the Holy War rivalry; Utah aimed to continue its eight-game winning streak against BYU.
Utah 30, BYU 12
September 11, 2021 – Provo
In a game Utah was favored and in which they hoped to continue their nine-game winning streak, BYU never trailed while Utah committed two turnovers in a hard-fought game. Ultimately, BYU scored a late field goal to go back up by two scores, while defensively were able to hold off Utah's last drive and then offensively to get a first down to seal the victory ending Utah's recent streak.
BYU 26, Utah 17
See also
List of NCAA college football rivalry games
Beehive Boot The larger in-state football rivalry that includes Utah State for the awarded trophy, the Beehive Boot.
Old Oquirrh Bucket historic trophy for Basketball, that includes additional Utah schools.
References
External links
All-time series records from mcubed.net
College sports rivalries in the United States
College basketball rivalries in the United States
Utah Utes basketball
BYU Cougars basketball
1895 establishments in Utah Territory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYU%E2%80%93Utah%20rivalry |
The 1998 Leeds City Council election took place on 7 May 1998 to elect members of City of Leeds Metropolitan Borough Council in West Yorkshire, England. One third of the council, alongside a vacancy in Wortley (following Fabian Hamilton's election as Leeds North East MP) were up for election.
The Labour party stayed in overall control of the council. Overall turnout in the election was 24.66%.
Election result
This result had the following consequences for the total number of seats on the council after the elections:
Ward results
By-elections between 1998 and 1999
References
1998 English local elections
1998
1990s in Leeds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Leeds%20City%20Council%20election |
Wright Butler was a prominent architect in Cumberland, Maryland, United States.
Born as the son of a furniture manufacturer, Butler studied architecture at the Maryland Institute of Baltimore for three years beginning in 1888. At the Institute, Butler familiarized himself with fashionable architectural styles of the time like Richardsonian Romanesque and Queen Anne Architecture.
Upon his return to Cumberland in 1891, the young architect opened an office, working mainly on residential designs. In 1893, Butler received his first large commission, the Allegany County Courthouse.
Other impressive Butler designs include:
the Cumberland Masonic Temple
the Cumberland Liberty Bank Building
the George Troug House.
His designs still dominate the Cumberland skyline today.
(Paul et al. 2003)
Wright Butler House
Constructed around 1896, the Wright Butler House is a unique example of Queen Anne architecture. Developed in England, the Queen Anne style first appeared in Rhode Island in 1874. American architectural magazines and pattern books quickly popularized the style. In England, architects used a combination of masonry and timber work, but most American Queen Anne homes are all-wood construction.
Wright Butler's Queen Anne design therefore stands as an unusual masonry example of the style. Using the classic "asymmetrical" feel of most Queen Anne designs, the street view is dominated by a three bay window arrangement that juts out from the rest of the building. The three bay window, repeated on the second and third stories, creates the appearance of a "tower," an oft repeated stylistic element in many Queen Anne buildings. The front porch is decorated with elaborate wooden spindle work.
The Wright Butler House is currently a private residence and not open to the public.
References
Bibliography
Amanda Paul, Tom Robertson, and Joe Weaver, Cumberland: Images of America, (Charleston & Chicago: Arcadia, 2003)
External links
19th-century American architects
Architects from Maryland
Maryland Institute College of Art alumni
Architects from Cumberland, Maryland
Year of death missing
Year of birth missing
20th-century American architects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wright%20Butler |
Williamsburg Area Transit Authority (WATA) is a multi-jurisdiction transportation agency providing transit bus and ADA Paratransit services in the City of Williamsburg, James City County, York County in the Historic Triangle area and Surry County, VA of the Virginia Peninsula subregion of Hampton Roads in southeastern Virginia.
WATA operates 13 bus routes within the city and 2 counties, using a "hub and spoke" designed system using the intermodal Williamsburg Transportation Center and the James City County Walmart as hubs. Additionally, a connection to the City of Newport News and the Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) public transit bus system is provided on Route 1 serving U.S. Route 60 east by traveling into the western edge of Newport News and meeting 2 HRT's Routes at Lee Hall, Virginia. In , the system had a ridership of , or about per weekday as of .
WATA also operates replica (rubber-tired) Trolley service (Route 14) between the College of William and Mary, High Street in Williamsburg, Virginia and New Town Williamsburg.
History and service area
Williamsburg Area Transit Authority (WATA) is the successor to James City County Transit (JCCT), and "Williamsburg Area Transport" (WAT). JCCT began in 1977 as a James City County Social Services transportation system using flexible routes to serve those needing it most. The successful service grew into a public bus system serving multiple jurisdictions and the organization became Williamsburg Area Transport which was also governmentally operated by James City County in the community for many years. In the early 21st century, by changing from being known as James City County Transit to the newer name of "Williamsburg Area Transport", the scope and area of the current regional services were more accurately described as part of a new organizational structure authorized by the Virginia General Assembly. In 2008, "Williamsburg Area Transport" grew into the first Virginia "transit authority" branded as "Williamsburg Area Transit Authority".
WATA services are operated within the City of Williamsburg, James City County, the Bruton District of York County and Surry County serving citizens and visitors to all four localities. Historic sites and extensive tourism form the basis for an unusual operating environment in comparison to similar sized localities elsewhere in Virginia and the United States.
James City County and York County are each one of the eight original shires of Virginia formed in 1634, and are two of the oldest counties in Virginia as well as the present United States. The City of Williamsburg, long-located along the border of the two counties, was founded in 1623 as Middle Plantation, initially a fortified community midway across the Virginia Peninsula on high ground. It was selected as the site of the new College of William and Mary, a long-desired effort of the colonists which was established by a Royal Charter issued in 1693 by King William III and Queen Mary II, joint sovereigns of England, Scotland and Ireland. Several years later, partially due a persuasive presentation to the House of Burgesses by the Reverend Dr. James Blair and a group of his students, the tiny community was selected to replace the harsh weather and other environmental conditions at Jamestown and became the capital of the Colony of Virginia in 1698, renamed the following year in honor of King William. Williamsburg became the first chartered city in Virginia in 1722 during colonial times, and became an independent city under a change in Virginia's state constitution in 1871. The first mental health facility in the United States was established at Williamsburg in 1770, and its successor, Eastern State Hospital, a state-owned facility, continues to operate nearby in modern times.
Beginning in 1926, the extensive restoration of a central part of Williamsburg to the era of the pre-American Revolutionary War era of the late 1780s was initially funded and led by John D. Rockefeller Jr. and his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. Their efforts and generous contributions and those of their descendants and many others resulted in the creation and initial endowment of Colonial Williamsburg. Rather than simply an effort to preserve the antiquity, the combination of extensive restoration and thoughtful recreation of the entire colonial town facilitates envisioning the atmosphere and embracing the ideals of the 18th century patriots. As a tangible birthplace of democracy, Colonial Williamsburg and the surrounding area developed into one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. Another major historical point of the WATA service area includes Jamestown Settlement.
Additionally, the WATA service area encompasses several prominent museums and other attractions including two major theme parks, hospitality businesses which include dozens of hotels and restaurants, and several shopping outlet complexes. The area has grown popular for resort complexes and as a choice for relocating retirees from other areas. The area also has large U.S. military complexes at Camp Peary, the Yorktown Naval Weapons Station, and is adjacent to the U.S. Army base at Fort Eustis. Rounding out the community are as residential areas, schools, retail and industrial enterprises.
Specific unincorporated communities within the WATA service area generally include:
Croaker
Diascund
Five Forks
Grove
Indigo Park
Jamestown
Kingspoint
Kingsmill (including Busch Gardens Williamsburg)
Lee Hall (just outside counties in Newport News)
Lightfoot
Norge
Toano
Yorktown
Funding
The services of Williamsburg Area Transit Authority are partially funded through rider fares, a form of user fees. The system is also funded by the partner local governments of the City of Williamsburg, James City County, and York County, as well as purchases of services by the College of William and Mary, Surry County, City of Newport News, Virginia, and Colonial Williamsburg, and other community organizations.
WATA also receives State and Federal financial assistance from the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation (VDRPT) and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), which is an agency within the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).
Route system
WATA operates what is often called a "hub and spoke" bus routing system. At designated intervals, the transit buses all meet at a coordinated time at a central location or Hub (in this instance the Williamsburg Transportation Center and Walmart), and then serve various outlying areas in many directions.
The "Hub and Spoke" Route System does not include:
demand responsive paratransit service provided with smaller buses
Rubber-tired trolley replica buses operated on the short shuttle loops
William and Mary's Route 8 that serves the college campus
Surry (Route 13) bus service provides pre-scheduled route deviations within 3/4 of a mile from a bus stop.
Williamsburg Transportation Center
Six routes meet at the Williamsburg Transportation Center at the start of the hour. Located at a restored Chesapeake and Ohio Railway station owned by the City of Williamsburg in downtown Williamsburg, the Transportation Center not only serves WATA's regular routes, but also service:
Amtrak passenger rail
Greyhound Lines intercity bus service
Hampton Roads Transit (Route 121)
local taxicab and car rental services
WATA route lines
The WATA system serves eleven bus lines, most are color-coded. All route information is current as of October 2017.
Route 1: Lee Hall: U.S. Route 60 between Williamsburg Transportation Center and Lee Hall (including Busch Gardens). Also serves Riverside Doctor's Hospital, Grove Community, Windy Hill, James River Commerce Park, Green Mount Industrial Park, and Lee Hall in Newport News, where a connection with Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) service is available.
Route 2: Richmond: U.S. Route 60 between Williamsburg Transportation Center and the Walmart store in Lightfoot. Serves as a connector for passengers transferring from or to either Purple Lines.
Route 8: W & M: Serves the College of William and Mary, Marshall-Wythe School of Law, and the School of Education
Route 4: Longhill: New Town to Walmart. Also serves Old Towne Medical Center and James City County Human Services Building.
Route 9: Toano: Storehouse Commerce Park in Toano to Walmart. Also serves Williamsburg Pottery Factory, Croaker public library, Burnt Ordinary Apartments, and Norge.
Route 3: Merrimac: Williamsburg Transportation Center to State Route 143 (Merrimack Trail) @ Tam-O-Shanter Blvd (serves Colonial Williamsburg Visitors Center), Capitol Landing Road, Marquis shopping center on State Route 199, and James-York Plaza Shopping Center.
Route 7: Mooretown: Williamsburg Transportation Center to the Lowe's/Walmart shopping center on East Mooretown Road. This line also serves Sentara Williamsburg Regional Medical Center and Great Wolf Lodge.
Route 5: Monticello: Williamsburg Transportation Center to Steeplechase Apartments, New Town, Williamsburg-James City County Courthouse complex, Monticello Marketplace shopping center (Target/Martin's grocery store).
Route 6: Jamestown: Williamsburg Crossing Shopping Center, Colony Square Shopping Center, Jamestown Settlement, John Tyler Hwy, Jamestown Road between Route 199 and Merchants Square, Williamsburg Transportation Center.
Route 13: Surry: Surry deviated-route bus service
Route 11: Lackey: Created in July 2017 to service Lackey Clinic, Riverside Hospital, Virginia Peninsula Regional Jail (VPRJ), Naval Weapons Station, and JCC Government Complex. Connects with Route 1 at Riverside Hospital stop.
To help mitigate rush hour traffic and new delays due to heightened security measures on the Jamestown Ferry crossing the James River, in October 2007, WATA began Deviated route transit bus service from 5 stops in Surry County across the James River to limited stops at several major points in James City County and Williamsburg, terminating at the Williamsburg Transportation Center where connections are available with other WATA, HRT, and intercity services. As part of major route and schedule changes, in October 2016 Route 13 would terminate at Jamestown Settlement, where riders could catch Route 6: Jamestown to the Williamsburg Transportation Center.
Surry County stops include Lebanon Apartments, Surry Apartments, Surry Government Center, Surry Community Center, and the VDOT Park and Ride lot near Scotland Wharf. A stop at the Surry branch of the Blackwater Regional Library was added in October 2016.
Route notes
WATA implemented an intelligent transportation system (ITS), called BusTime for their customers and route management. This ITS (BusTime) system includes a phone and PC optimized web site to find out when the next bus will arrive at any stop, automated alert system based on actual bus location, texting service to determine actual next bus arrival times and text alerts.
WATA updates their stops and routes on a quarterly basis updating their ITS (BusTime) system and Google Maps.
Colonial Williamsburg – Many WATA lines serve the Colonial Williamsburg (CW) area. For service to the CW Visitors Center, riders should use WATA's Route 3: Merrimac route.
Possible Route 1 confusion – It is notable that Colonial Williamsburg, which operates its own fleet of grey and white colored transit buses and minibuses, also has a "Grey Line" route. This is not to be confused with WATA's Route 1 route for US Route 60 East which ends at Lee Hall. The WATA buses on that route are normally painted beige, white and burgundy in color, and clearly marked for WATA with the words "Williamsburg Area Transit Authority/WATA".
Yellow Line: WATA dropped this line in Spring 2012, due to overlap with service from Colonial Williamsburg. The line used to run from the Williamsburg Transportation Center to Busch Gardens and Water Country USA. Passengers could catch the shuttle by riding Route 3 to the Colonial Williamsburg Visitor Center.
Fleet
New Flyer Xcelsior XD40 Diesel
New Flyer XD35 Diesel
Gillig Low Floor 30’, 35’, 40’
Gillig Low Floor BRT 35' Clean Diesel
All buses are equipped with two-way radio communications and on-board ITS system with an emergency alarm. All buses are equipped with surveillance video on the interior and exterior for safety.
Accessibility
All buses are fully ADA accessible. Also, Paratransit service is provided to eligible individuals not able to use the accessible fixed route bus system.
Operating hours
WATA bus services operates Monday – Saturday, with reduced service on Sundays. On most James City County holidays, WATA operates on a reduced schedule, with no service on Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day, and New Years Day.
Williamsburg Trolley
In May 2008, Williamsburg Area Transit Authority announced that it had recently received a grant for three trolley-replica type buses that will serve the local shopping areas of New Town, High Street, Richmond Road, Jamestown Road, and Merchants Square in Colonial Williamsburg. The Williamsburg Trolley began service in August 2009. The event was marked with a ribbon-cutting ceremony at New Town. The trolley runs every day except on New Year's Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day. Each of the trolley cars feature ornamental wooden seating, a cheerful, two-toned red and blue exterior and bicycle racks. On warm days, the trolley has an open-air atmosphere. Trolley drivers also point out historic sites, restaurants, and must-visit attractions.
Expansion and hub change
In 2011, WATA expanded its services to include a storefront location in the Williamsburg Outlet Mall on Richmond Road. The center acts as a hub for public information and waiting areas for passengers, and will eventually include ticket and bus fare sales. This storefront location was moved to the Williamsburg Transportation Center in January 2014 due to the closing of the Outlet Mall.
This change also coincided with the western hub moving to the Lightfoot Walmart store. Routes serving the Outlet Mall were modified to reflect the hub change, as well as extend service further out in Toano.
In January 2015, WATA began a 3-year pilot route in the Jamestown area. The new Route 6:Jamestown route serves Jamestown Road, Jamestown Settlement, Greensprings Road, John Tyler Highway and travels on Rt. 199 back to Jamestown Rd. In October 2016, as a result of major route and schedule changes, Route 6 (Jamestown) added service to the Williamsburg Transportation Center via Jamestown Rd. Service was also discontinued along Greensprings Rd at that time.
Route and schedule overhaul
In June 2016 WATA proposed several changes to its routes and schedules to improve service. Several hearings were held to solicit public input on the changes.
The proposed changes went into effect in October 2016. Among the schedule changes were the hours of 30-minute frequency service from 6:30am–9:30am and 3:30pm–6:30pm on weekdays. Routes 1 and 2 would also extend their hours to 11pm. Frequency service ended on Route 7: Mooretown route, reverting it to hourly service only.
References
External links
Williamsburg Area Transit Authority
Transportation in Williamsburg, Virginia
Transportation in James City County, Virginia
Transportation in York County, Virginia
Bus transportation in Virginia
Transit agencies in Virginia
1977 establishments in Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Williamsburg%20Area%20Transit%20Authority |
Amino acid oxidoreductases are oxidoreductases, a type of enzyme, that act upon amino acids.
They constitute the majority of enzymes classified under EC number 1.4, with most of the remainder being monoamine oxidases.
Examples include:
Glutamate dehydrogenase
Nitric oxide synthase
External links
EC 1.4 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amino%20acid%20oxidoreductases |
Regurgitate was a Swedish goregrind band that included members from both Stockholm and Mjölby. The band formed in 1990 and ended in 2009, and released four full-length albums. They were one of the most notable practitioners in the goregrind genre, with their most famous album being Carnivorous Erection (2000).
Tribute
In 2001, Bizarre Leprous Productions released a 46-band tribute to Regurgitate entitled Comeback of Goregods: Tribute to Regurgitate, with bands such as Inhume, Last Days of Humanity, Lymphatic Phlegm, Gore Beyond Necropsy, Haemorrhage, and Neurovisceral Exhumation taking part.
Band members
Final lineup
Rikard Jansson – vocals (1990–2009) bass (1992–1994)
Urban "Ubbe" Skytt – guitar (1993–2009)
Jocke Pettersson – drums (1999–2009)
Johan Jansson – bass (2006–2009)
Previous members
Johan "Joppe" Hanson – bass (1990–1998)
Mats Nordrup – drums, guitar (1990–1993)
Peter Stjärnvind – drums (1993–1998)
Glenn Sykes – bass (2002–2006)
Discography
Full-length albums and EPs
1994 – Effortless Regurgitation of Bright Red Blood (Lowland Records)
2000 – Carnivorous Erection (Relapse Records/Morbid Records)
2002 – Hatefilled Vengeance (Relapse Records)
2003 – Deviant (Relapse Records)
2006 – Sickening Bliss (Relapse Records)
Demos and promos
1991 – Demo 91
1994 – Concrete Human Torture
1999 – Promo CD 1999
Splits
1992 – Split with Vaginal Massaker (Poserslaughter Records)
1993 – Split with Psychotic Noise (Glued Stamps Records)
1994 – Split with Grudge (Obliteration Records)
1994 – Split with Dead (Poserslaughter Records)
1996 – Flesh Mangler Split with Intestinal Infection (Noise Variations)
2000 – Split with Filth (Panic Records)
2001 – Sodomy and Carnal Assault Split with Gore Beyond Necropsy (No Weak Shit Records)
2001 – Scream Bloody Whore Split with Realized (Stuhlgang Records)
2002 – Split with Cripple Bastards (E.U.'91 Produzioni)
2003 – Bonesplicer Split with Entrails Massacre (Towerviolence Records)
2003 – Corruptured Split with Noisear (Regurgitated Semen Records)
2003 – 3-Way Live Split with Entrails Massacre and Suppository (Blastwork Records)
2003 – Bonesplicer/Baltic Thrash Corps Split 5" with Entrails Massacre
2004 – Split with Suppository (Badger Records)
2008 – Split with Skullhog
2009 – Split with Dead Infection
References
External links
Regurgitate at Relapse Records
[ Regurgitate] at AllMusic
Goregrind musical groups
Grindcore musical groups
Relapse Records artists
Swedish heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups disestablished in 2009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regurgitate%20%28band%29 |
Sulfite reductase (ferredoxin) (, ferredoxin-sulfite reductase) is an enzyme with systematic name hydrogen-sulfide:ferredoxin oxidoreductase. This enzyme catalises the following chemical reaction
hydrogen sulfide + 6 oxidized ferredoxin + 3 H2O sulfite + 6 reduced ferredoxin + 6 H+
This sulfite reductase is an iron protein.
References
External links
EC 1.8.7 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfite%20reductase%20%28ferredoxin%29 |
Tantième (1947–1966) was a French Thoroughbred horse racing champion and prominent sire who twice won the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe, France's most prestigious horse race. He also won several other important conditions races including the Grand Critérium in 1949, the Poule d'Essai des Poulains, Prix Lupin and his first Arc de Triomphe in 1950. Racing as a four-year-old, in 1951 Tantième won the Prix Ganay plus his second Arc de Triomphe and in England he captured the Coronation Cup.
After winning twelve of his fifteen races, Tantième was retired to stand at stud at François Dupré's Haras d'Ouilly where he became the Champion French Sire of 1962 and 1965. A few of the horses Tantième sired are:
Tanerko (b. 1953) – In France won Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud, Prix Juigné, Prix Noailles, Prix Lupin, Prix du Prince d'Orange, Prix Ganay, Prix d'Harcourt Sire of Relko.
Reliance (b. 1962) – In France won the 1965 Prix du Jockey Club, Grand Prix de Paris, Prix Royal-Oak.
Match II (b. 1958) – In France won the 1961 Prix Royal-Oak, 1962 Grand Prix de Saint-Cloud. In England: 1962 King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Stakes and in the United States, the 1962 Washington, D.C. International.
La Sega (b. 1959) – In France won the Prix de Diane, Poule d'Essai des Pouliches, Prix Saint-Alary, Prix d'Ispahan, Prix de la Grotte.
References
Tantième's pedigree and racing stats
1947 racehorse births
1966 racehorse deaths
Racehorses bred in Calvados (department)
Racehorses trained in France
Arc winners
Champion Thoroughbred Sires of France
Thoroughbred family 20-a
Racehorses bred in France
Chefs-de-Race | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantieme |
Placidus is Latin for "placid, gentle, quiet, still, calm, mild, peaceful" and can refer to:
Placidus (martyr), 4th-century Sicilian martyr
Lactantius Placidus (c. 350 – c. 400), writer
Flavius Arcadius Placidus Magnus Felix (480–511), Consul of Rome
Saint Placidus (6th century), follower of Benedict of Nursia
Placidus de Titis (also de Titus, Latinization of Placido de Titi, 1603–1668), astrologer
Placidus Böcken (1690–1752), German Benedictine canon lawyer, Vice-Chancellor of the University of Salzburg
Placidus Braun (1756–1829), Bavarian Benedictine priest, historian and archivist
Placidus Fixlmillner (1721–1791), Benedictine priest, first astronomer to compute the orbit of Uranus
Placidus Nkalanga (1919–2015), Tanzanian Prelate of Roman Catholic Church
Placidus a Spescha (1752–1833), Swiss monk and Alpine explorer
See also
Placidian system, for calculating astrological houses
Lucanus placidus, beetle in the Family Lucanidae
Placido (disambiguation)
Placid | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placidus |
In projective geometry, an intersection theorem or incidence theorem is a statement concerning an incidence structure – consisting of points, lines, and possibly higher-dimensional objects and their incidences – together with a pair of objects and (for instance, a point and a line). The "theorem" states that, whenever a set of objects satisfies the incidences (i.e. can be identified with the objects of the incidence structure in such a way that incidence is preserved), then the objects and must also be incident. An intersection theorem is not necessarily true in all projective geometries; it is a property that some geometries satisfy but others don't.
For example, Desargues' theorem can be stated using the following incidence structure:
Points:
Lines:
Incidences (in addition to obvious ones such as ):
The implication is then —that point is incident with line .
Famous examples
Desargues' theorem holds in a projective plane if and only if is the projective plane over some division ring (skewfield} — . The projective plane is then called desarguesian.
A theorem of Amitsur and Bergman states that, in the context of desarguesian projective planes, for every intersection theorem there is a rational identity such that the plane satisfies the intersection theorem if and only if the division ring satisfies the rational identity.
Pappus's hexagon theorem holds in a desarguesian projective plane if and only if is a field; it corresponds to the identity .
Fano's axiom (which states a certain intersection does not happen) holds in if and only if has characteristic ; it corresponds to the identity .
References
Incidence geometry
Theorems in projective geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20theorem |
The Paraguayan Metropolitan Basketball League is the most important basketball league from Paraguay. As of 2015, 12 teams are participating in the league. The yearly winners of this league are considered the Paraguayan basketball champions, although only teams from Asunción compete (teams from other departments compete in the National League). Because of this, the champion gets the right to play in the South American Club Championship.
History
Amidst the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, it was announced that the Liga Nacional would return on 22 July 2020. Basket Paraguayo informed that all games would be played at the Polideportivo at the Secretaria Nacional de Deportes.
2021 LNB teams
The team playing in the 2021 LNB season.
Olimpia Kings
San José
Libertad
Club Atlético Ciudad Nueva
Sol de América
Federación de Básquetbol de Colonias Unidas
Club Deportivo Campoalto
Atlético Paranaense de la Federación Encarnacena de Básquetbol
San Alfonso de la Federación de Básquetbol de Minga Guazú
List of Champions
Source:
Titles by team
Olimpia 32 titles
Deportivo San José 12 titles
Sol de América 11 titles
Libertad 9 titles
Ciudad Nueva 9 titles
Rowing Club 4 titles
Club Guaraní 2 titles
Cerro Porteño 2 title
Nacional Asunción 1 title
América de Pilar 1 title
CNR El Mbiguá 1 title
See also
Paraguayan Basketball Federation
References
External links
Paraguayan league on Latinbasket.com
Basketball competitions in Paraguay
Paraguay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguayan%20Metropolitan%20Basketball%20League |
The last Inter-Cities Fairs Cup edition was contested in the 1970–71 season before it was abolished and replaced by the UEFA Cup, a new seasonal confederation competition. The Fairs Cup trophy had not been won by any club permanently, so it was arranged a one match play-off game between the first and last competition winners: Barcelona and Leeds United, respectively. The game took place on 22 September 1971 at the Camp Nou.
Match details
See also
FC Barcelona in international football competitions
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
Leeds United F.C. in European football
References
External links
RSSSF
Fairs Cup Trophy play off - Nou Camp
2
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
FC Barcelona matches
Leeds United F.C. matches
1971–72 in Spanish football
Inter
Football in Barcelona
September 1971 sports events in Europe
International sports competitions hosted by Catalonia
International club association football competitions hosted by Spain
Sports competitions in Barcelona
1970s in Barcelona
1971 in Catalonia
fr:Coupe des villes de foires#Finale pour l'obtention définitive du trophée | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-Cities%20Fairs%20Cup%20Trophy%20play-off |
Dick Harry Erixon (born 16 July 1962) is a Swedish economist and journalist. Erixon worked at the Swedish liberal think-tank Timbro from 1995 to 1997, and at the Swedish Enterprise Media Institute from 1994 to 1995. He was also an editorial writer for Finanstidningen from 1999 to 2002.
Erixon has also been active as a politician with the Swedish Centre Party, where he was a leading critic of former party leader Olof Johansson. Erixon expressed strong objections towards Johansson's close co-operation with the Social Democrats during the period 1995–98, which he argued outright prohibited the emergence of a serious centre-right alternative to the Social Democratic administration at the time. While Erixon is no longer a member of the Centre Party, he did support and vote for candidates of the party both in the 2006– and 2010 general elections. During the 2002 election he had however toured with the libertarian Free List party (Fria Listan), which gained little support and was eventually dissolved.
Politically he rejects any labels other than non-socialist, but says that "libertarian-communitarian" comes closest to his views. While an atheist, Erixon has expressed enormous respect for Christian ethics and praised the cultural significance of Christianity in shaping Western civilization. On his blog, Erixon has made himself known as a supporter of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the Bush Doctrine with its call for universal freedom to all and of the U.S. war on terror in general. He endorsed John McCain's candidacy in the 2008 United States Presidential Election, and has since shown strong support for the Tea Party movement.
Since at least 2018, Erixon has renounced his once strong belief in interventionism, describing it as "an idealistic dream without contact with reality" which "only led the West to sacrifice soldiers in vain", and that the Iraq War in particular had a goal "which was impossible to achieve".
In November 2020, Erixon together with Samtid & Framtid founded Riks, a media channel fully owned by nationalist party Sweden Democrats.
References
External links
Dick Erixon, blog
1962 births
Swedish male writers
Swedish anti-communists
Swedish male bloggers
Centre Party (Sweden) politicians
Former Centre Party (Sweden) politicians
Swedish libertarians
Swedish journalists
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Erixon |
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