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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20performance | Loop performance in control engineering indicates the performance of control loops, such as a regulatory PID loop. Performance refers to the accuracy of a control system's ability to track (output) the desired signals to regulate the plant process variables in the most beneficial and optimised way, without delay or ove... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Help%202 | Microsoft Help 2.x is a proprietary format for online help files, developed by Microsoft and first released in 2001 as a help system for Visual Studio .NET (2002) and MSDN Library.
Microsoft Help 2.x is the help engine used in Microsoft Visual Studio 2002/2003/2005/2008 and Office 2007 and Office 2010. Help files are ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androdioecy | Androdioecy is a reproductive system characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites. Androdioecy is rare in comparison with the other major reproductive systems: dioecy, gynodioecy and hermaphroditism. In animals, androdioecy has been considered a stepping stone in the transition from dioecy to hermaphro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Council%20for%20Industrial%20and%20Applied%20Mathematics | The International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) is an organisation for professional applied mathematics societies and related organisations. The current (2020) President is Ya-xiang Yuan.
History
Until 1999 the Council was known as the Committee for International Conferences on Industrial and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Congress%20on%20Industrial%20and%20Applied%20Mathematics | The International Congress on Industrial and Applied Mathematics (ICIAM) is an international congress in the field of applied mathematics held every four years under the auspices of the International Council for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. The initial proposal for this conference series was made by Gene Golub.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least-squares%20spectral%20analysis | Least-squares spectral analysis (LSSA) is a method of estimating a frequency spectrum based on a least-squares fit of sinusoids to data samples, similar to Fourier analysis. Fourier analysis, the most used spectral method in science, generally boosts long-periodic noise in the long and gapped records; LSSA mitigates su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelioration%20pattern | In software engineering, an amelioration pattern is an anti-pattern formed when an existing software design pattern was edited (i.e. rearranged, added or deleted) to better suit a particular problem so as to achieve some further effect or behavior. In this sense, an amelioration pattern is transformational in character... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeating%20decimal | A repeating decimal or recurring decimal is decimal representation of a number whose digits are periodic (repeating its values at regular intervals) and the infinitely repeated portion is not zero. It can be shown that a number is rational if and only if its decimal representation is repeating or terminating (i.e. all ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%2CN%27-Diisopropylcarbodiimide | {{DISPLAYTITLE:N,N'''-Diisopropylcarbodiimide}}
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OAuth | OAuth (short for "Open Authorization") is an open standard for access delegation, commonly used as a way for internet users to grant websites or applications access to their information on other websites but without giving them the passwords. This mechanism is used by companies such as Amazon, Google, Facebook, Microso... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waring%27s%20prime%20number%20conjecture | In number theory, Waring's prime number conjecture is a conjecture related to Vinogradov's theorem, named after the English mathematician Edward Waring. It states that every odd number exceeding 3 is either a prime number or the sum of three prime numbers. It follows from the generalized Riemann hypothesis, and (trivia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%E2%80%93Hadamard%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cauchy–Hadamard theorem is a result in complex analysis named after the French mathematicians Augustin Louis Cauchy and Jacques Hadamard, describing the radius of convergence of a power series. It was published in 1821 by Cauchy, but remained relatively unknown until Hadamard rediscovered it. Hadama... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathatrix | Pathatrix is a high volume recirculating immuno magnetic-capture system developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific (and supplier parts by Life Technologies) for the detection of pathogens in food and environmental samples.
History
Pathatrix and its Pathatrix Recirculating Immunomagnetic Separation System (RIMS) was used in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Hurwitz%20triplet | In the mathematical theory of Riemann surfaces, the first Hurwitz triplet is a triple of distinct Hurwitz surfaces with the identical automorphism group of the lowest possible genus, namely 14 (genera 3 and 7 each admit a unique Hurwitz surface, respectively the Klein quartic and the Macbeath surface). The explanation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injection%20locking | Injection locking and injection pulling are the frequency effects that can occur when a harmonic oscillator is disturbed by a second oscillator operating at a nearby frequency. When the coupling is strong enough and the frequencies near enough, the second oscillator can capture the first oscillator, causing it to have... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor%20chronology |
1970s
The first microprocessors were designed and manufactured in the 1970s. Intel's 4004 of 1971 is widely regarded as the first commercial microprocessor.
Designers predominantly used MOSFET transistors with pMOS logic in the early 1970s, switching to nMOS logic after the mid-1970s. nMOS had the advantage that it ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burst%20mode%20clock%20and%20data%20recovery | The passive optical network (PON) uses tree-like network topology. Due to the topology of PON, the transmission modes for downstream (that is, from optical line termination, (OLT) to optical network unit (ONU)) and upstream (that is, from ONU to OLT) are different. For the downstream transmission, the OLT broadcasts op... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starling%20resistor | The Starling resistor was invented by English physiologist Ernest Starling and used in an isolated-heart preparation during work which would later lead to the "Frank–Starling law of the heart".
The device consisted of an elastic fluid-filled collapsible-tube mounted inside a chamber filled with air. The static pressu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegory%20%28mathematics%29 | In the mathematical field of category theory, an allegory is a category that has some of the structure of the category Rel of sets and binary relations between them. Allegories can be used as an abstraction of categories of relations, and in this sense the theory of allegories is a generalization of relation algebra to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosaka%E2%80%93Cohen%20transformation | Hosaka–Cohen transformation (also called H–C transformation) is a mathematical method of converting a particular two-dimensional scalar magnetic field map to a particular two-dimensional vector map. The scalar field map is of the component of magnetic field which is normal to a two-dimensional surface of a volume condu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Sloppy%20Semantic%20Database | Simple Sloppy Semantic Database (S3DB) is a distributed data management system that relies on Semantic Web concepts for management of heterogeneous data.
S3DB is open source software, licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. It is written in PHP.
History
S3DB ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-1 | Indo-1 is a popular calcium indicator similar to Fura-2. In contrast to Fura-2, Indo-1 has a dual emissions peak. The main emission peak in calcium-free solution is 475 nm while in the presence of calcium the emission is shifted to 400 nm. It is widely used in flow cytometry.
The penta potassium salt is commercially a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm-mediated%20gene%20transfer | Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT) is a transgenic technique that transfers genes based on the ability of sperm cells to spontaneously bind to and internalize exogenous DNA and transport it into an oocyte during fertilization to produce genetically modified animals.1 Exogenous DNA refers to DNA that originates outside... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lema%C3%AEtre%20coordinates | Lemaître coordinates are a particular set of coordinates for the Schwarzschild metric—a spherically symmetric solution to the Einstein field equations in vacuum—introduced by Georges Lemaître in 1932. Changing from Schwarzschild to Lemaître coordinates removes the coordinate singularity at the Schwarzschild radius.
Eq... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bead%20probe%20technology | Bead probe technology (BPT) is technique used to provide electrical access (called “nodal access”) to printed circuit board (PCB) circuitry for performing in-circuit testing (ICT). It makes use of small beads of solder placed onto the board's traces to allow measuring and controlling of the signals using a test probe.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream%20and%20downstream%20%28DNA%29 | In molecular biology and genetics, upstream and downstream both refer to relative positions of genetic code in DNA or RNA. Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5' end and a 3' end, so named for the carbon position on the deoxyribose (or ribose) ring. By convention, upstream and downstream relate to the 5' to 3' direction re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream%20and%20downstream%20%28transduction%29 | The upstream signaling pathway is triggered by the binding of a signaling molecule, a ligand, to a receiving molecule, a receptor. Receptors and ligands exist in many different forms, and only recognize/bond to particular molecules. Upstream extracellular signaling transduce a variety of intracellular cascades.
Recep... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Virtualization%20Format | Open Virtualization Format (OVF) is an open standard for packaging and distributing virtual appliances or, more generally, software to be run in virtual machines.
The standard describes an "open, secure, portable, efficient and extensible format for the packaging and distribution of software to be run in virtual machi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aseptic%20processing | Aseptic processing is a processing technique wherein commercially thermally sterilized liquid products (typically food or pharmaceutical) are packaged into previously sterilized containers under sterile conditions to produce shelf-stable products that do not need refrigeration. Aseptic processing has almost completely ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%20Sharp%20syntax | This article describes the syntax of the C# programming language. The features described are compatible with .NET Framework and Mono.
Basics
Identifier
An identifier is the name of an element in the code. It can contain letters, digits and underscores (_), and is case sensitive (FOO is different from foo). The langua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20partial%20information | Linear partial information (LPI) is a method of making decisions based on insufficient or fuzzy information. LPI was introduced in 1970 by Polish–Swiss mathematician Edward Kofler (1911–2007) to simplify decision processes. Compared to other methods the LPI-fuzziness is algorithmically simple and particularly in decisi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural%20pipe%20fitting | A structural pipe fitting, also known as a slip on pipe fitting, clamp or pipe clamp is used to build structures such as handrails, guardrails, and other types of pipe or tubular structure. They can also be used to build furniture and theatrical riggings. The fittings slip on the pipe and are usually locked down with a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malliavin%27s%20absolute%20continuity%20lemma | In mathematics — specifically, in measure theory — Malliavin's absolute continuity lemma is a result due to the French mathematician Paul Malliavin that plays a foundational rôle in the regularity (smoothness) theorems of the Malliavin calculus. Malliavin's lemma gives a sufficient condition for a finite Borel measure... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20clustering | In multivariate statistics, spectral clustering techniques make use of the spectrum (eigenvalues) of the similarity matrix of the data to perform dimensionality reduction before clustering in fewer dimensions. The similarity matrix is provided as an input and consists of a quantitative assessment of the relative simila... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewrite%20%28programming%29 | A rewrite in computer programming is the act or result of re-implementing a large portion of existing functionality without re-use of its source code. When the rewrite uses no existing code at all, it is common to speak of a rewrite from scratch.
Motivations
A piece of software is typically rewritten when one or more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic%20proofreading | Kinetic proofreading (or kinetic amplification) is a mechanism for error correction in biochemical reactions, proposed independently by John Hopfield (1974) and Jacques Ninio (1975). Kinetic proofreading allows enzymes to discriminate between two possible reaction pathways leading to correct or incorrect products with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20by%20parts%20operator | In mathematics, an integration by parts operator is a linear operator used to formulate integration by parts formulae; the most interesting examples of integration by parts operators occur in infinite-dimensional settings and find uses in stochastic analysis and its applications.
Definition
Let E be a Banach space su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frozen%20vegetables | Frozen vegetables are vegetables that have had their temperature reduced and maintained to below their freezing point for the purpose of storage and transportation (often for far longer than their natural shelf life would permit) until they are ready to be eaten. They may be commercially packaged or frozen at home. A w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20bracket | The Dirac bracket is a generalization of the Poisson bracket developed by Paul Dirac to treat classical systems with second class constraints in Hamiltonian mechanics, and to thus allow them to undergo canonical quantization. It is an important part of Dirac's development of Hamiltonian mechanics to elegantly handle mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email%20archiving | Email archiving is the act of preserving and making searchable all email to/from an individual. Email archiving solutions capture email content either directly from the email application itself or during transport. The messages are typically then stored on magnetic disk storage and indexed to simplify future searches. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email%20bankruptcy | Email bankruptcy is deleting or ignoring all emails older than a certain date, due to an overwhelming volume of messages. The term is usually attributed to author Lawrence Lessig in 2004, though it can also be attributed to Sherry Turkle in 2002. An insurmountable volume or backlog of legitimate messages (e.g. on retur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KZNO-LD | KZNO-LD (channel 12) is a low-power television station in Los Angeles, California, United States. Owned by the Venture Technologies Group, it transmits from Mount Harvard, a peak adjacent to Mount Wilson in Los Angeles County, as a Spanish-language religious radio station that can be received at 87.7 FM. Its ATSC 3.0 v... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic%20Security%20Service%20Algorithm%20for%20Secret%20Key%20Transaction | GSS-TSIG (Generic Security Service Algorithm for Secret Key Transaction) is an extension to the TSIG DNS authentication protocol for secure key exchange. It is a GSS-API algorithm which uses Kerberos for passing security tokens to provide authentication, integrity and confidentiality.
GSS-TSIG (RFC 3645) uses a mech... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutation%20%28botany%29 | Nutation refers to the bending movements of stems, roots, leaves and other plant organs caused by differences in growth in different parts of the organ. Circumnutation refers specifically to the circular movements often exhibited by the tips of growing plant stems, caused by repeating cycles of differences in growth a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiophysics | Radiophysics (also modern writing "radio physics") is a branch of physics focused on the theoretical and experimental study of certain kinds of radiation, its emission, propagation and interaction with matter.
The term is used in the following major meanings:
study of radio waves (the original area of research)
study... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cut%20locus | The cut locus is a mathematical structure defined for a closed set in a space as the closure of the set of all points that have two or more distinct shortest paths or geodesics in from to .
For example, the cut locus of every point on the regular 2-sphere consists of exactly one point, namely the antipodal point.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segner%20wheel | The Segner wheel or Segner turbine is a type of water turbine invented by Johann Andreas Segner in the 18th century. It uses the same principle as Hero's aeolipile.
The device is placed in a suitable hole in the ground (or at the slope of a hill). The water is delivered to the top of a vertical cylinder, at the botto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanillic%20acid | Vanillic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid derivative used as a flavoring agent. It is an oxidized form of vanillin. It is also an intermediate in the production of vanillin from ferulic acid.
Occurrence in nature
The highest amount of vanillic acid in plants known so far is found in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daikon%20%28system%29 | Daikon is a computer program that detects likely invariants of programs. An invariant is a condition that always holds true at certain points in the program. It is mainly used for debugging programs in late development, or checking modifications to existing code.
Properties
Daikon can detect properties in C, C++, Jav... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice%20search | Voice search, also called voice-enabled search, allows the user to use a voice command to search the Internet, a website, or an app.
In a broader definition, voice search includes open-domain keyword query on any information on the Internet, for example in Google Voice Search, Cortana, Siri and Amazon Echo.
Voice sea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronizing%20word | In computer science, more precisely, in the theory of deterministic finite automata (DFA), a synchronizing word or reset sequence is a word in the input alphabet of the DFA that sends any state of the DFA to one and the same state. That is, if an ensemble of copies of the DFA are each started in different states, and a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20of%20Professional%20Engineers%20and%20Geoscientists%20of%20Saskatchewan | The Association of Professional Engineers and Geoscientists of Saskatchewan (APEGS) is the regulatory body for professional engineers and geoscientists in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It is a member of Engineers Canada. Its authority is granted under the provincial legislation entitled The Engineering and Geo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seapine%20Software | Seapine Software was a privately held Mason, Ohio-based software and services company. The company developed a suite of software products that managed the full software development lifecycle. Seapine's tools included testing tools, configuration management, test-case management, and requirements management. The company... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Industrial%20Protocol | The Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) is an industrial protocol for industrial automation applications. It is supported by ODVA.
Previously known as Control and Information Protocol, CIP encompasses a comprehensive suite of messages and services for the collection of manufacturing automation applications – control, saf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostochastic%20matrix | In mathematics, an orthostochastic matrix is a doubly stochastic matrix whose entries are the squares of
the absolute values of the entries of some orthogonal matrix.
The detailed definition is as follows. A square matrix B of size n is doubly stochastic (or bistochastic) if all its rows and columns sum to 1 and all ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells is a scientific journal published by Elsevier covering research related to solar energy materials and solar cells. According to the Journal Citation Reports, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells has a 2020 impact factor of 7.267.
Controversies
A paper titled "Ageing effects o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rockware%20Glass | Rockware Glass is a UK company manufacturing glass containers.
The company has a works at Doncaster, South Yorkshire, Worksop, Nottinghamshire, Knottingley West Yorkshire and Irvine, Scotland. Rockware became part of Ardagh Glass Group in 2006.
Rockware's former works by the Grand Union Canal in Greenford, London, d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20attenuation%20coefficient | The mass attenuation coefficient, or mass narrow beam attenuation coefficient of a material is the attenuation coefficient normalized by the density of the material; that is, the attenuation per unit mass (rather than per unit of distance). Thus, it characterizes how easily a mass of material can be penetrated by a be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoken%20dialog%20system | A spoken dialog system (SDS) is a computer system able to converse with a human with voice. It has two essential components that do not exist in a written text dialog system: a speech recognizer and a text-to-speech module (written text dialog systems usually use other input systems provided by an OS). It can be furthe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20Developmental%20Biology | The Society for Developmental Biology (SDB), originally the Society for the Study of Development and Growth, is a professional society for scientists and professionals around the world whose research is focused on the study of the developmental biology, embryology, and related disciplines.
History
The "Society for th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Records%20of%20the%20Parliaments%20of%20Scotland | The Records of the Parliaments of Scotland to 1707 is an online publication of the Scottish Parliament and the University of St Andrews arising from a project to create a comprehensive online database of the proceedings of the Parliament of Scotland from 1235 to the Act of Union. The website was launched in 2008.
The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band%20control | In-band control is a characteristic of network protocols with which data control is regulated. In-band control passes control data on the same connection as main data. Protocols that use in-band control include HTTP and SMTP. This is as opposed to Out-of-band control used by protocols such as FTP.
Example
Here is an e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Out-of-band%20control | Out-of-band control is a characteristic of network protocols with which data control is regulated. Out-of-band control passes control data on a separate connection from main data. Protocols such as FTP use out-of-band control.
FTP sends its control information, which includes user identification, password, and put/ge... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNET | CNET (short for "Computer Network") is an American media website that publishes reviews, news, articles, blogs, podcasts, and videos on technology and consumer electronics globally. CNET originally produced content for radio and television in addition to its website before applying new media distribution methods throug... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic%20interpretation | Semantic interpretation is an important component in dialog systems. It is related to natural language understanding, but mostly it refers to the last stage of understanding. The goal of interpretation is binding the user utterance to concept, or something the system can understand.
Typically it is creating a database... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net3 | Net3 was a Wi-Fi-like system developed, manufactured and commercialised by Olivetti in the early 1990s. It could wirelessly connect PCs to an Ethernet fixed LAN at a speed of up to 512kbit/s, over a very wide area. It was a micro-cellular system, in which each base station had an effective range of about 100m indoors... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2016750 | ISO 16750, Road vehicles – Environmental conditions and testing for electrical and electronic equipment, is a series of ISO standards which provide guidance regarding environmental conditions commonly encountered by electrical and electronic systems installed in automobiles and specify requirements and tests.
ISO 1675... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20morality | The concept of the evolution of morality refers to the emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution. Morality can be defined as a system of ideas about right and wrong conduct. In everyday life, morality is typically associated with human behavior rather than animal behavior. The emerging fields... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20Integrated%20Query | Language Integrated Query (LINQ, pronounced "link") is a Microsoft .NET Framework component that adds native data querying capabilities to .NET languages, originally released as a major part of .NET Framework 3.5 in 2007.
LINQ extends the language by the addition of query expressions, which are akin to SQL statements,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource%20fragmentation%20hypothesis | The resource fragmentation hypothesis was first proposed by Janzen & Pond (1975), and says that as species richness becomes large there is not a linear increase in the number of parasitoid species that can be supported. The mechanism for this hyperbolic relationship is suggested to be that each of the new host species... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20JavaScript-based%20source%20code%20editors | This article provides basic feature comparison between some of the JavaScript-based source code editors available today.
Overview
List of features
Feature testing was performed with Firefox 3.0.6 against the current demo version, and results may not match those in other browsers or downloadable versions.
See also
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPCx | HPCx was a supercomputer (actually a cluster of IBM eServer p5 575 high-performance servers) located at the Daresbury Laboratory in Cheshire, England. The supercomputer was maintained by the HPCx Consortium, UoE HPCX Ltd, which was led by the University of Edinburgh: EPCC, with the Science and Technology Facilities Co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Logic | Polish Logic is an anthology of papers by several authors—Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz, Leon Chwistek, Stanislaw Jaskowski, Zbigniew Jordan, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, Stanisław Leśniewski, Jan Łukasiewicz, Jerzy Słupecki, and Mordchaj Wajsberg—published in 1967 and covering the period 1920–1939. The work focuses on the contributio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxostat | An auxostat is a continuous culture device which, while in operation, uses feedback from a measurement taken on the growth chamber to control the media flow rate, maintaining the measurement at a constant.
Auxo was the Greek goddess of spring growth, and represents nutrients as a prefix. However, the most typical auxo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbidostat | A turbidostat is a continuous microbiological culture device, similar to a chemostat or an auxostat, which has feedback between the turbidity of the culture vessel and the dilution rate. The theoretical relationship between growth in a chemostat and growth in a turbidostat is somewhat complex, in part because they are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisymmetric%20matrix | In mathematics, a bisymmetric matrix is a square matrix that is symmetric about both of its main diagonals. More precisely, an n × n matrix A is bisymmetric if it satisfies both A = AT and AJ = JA where J is the n × n exchange matrix.
For example, any matrix of the form
is bisymmetric. The associated exchange matri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis%20of%20molecular%20variance | Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), is a statistical model for the molecular algorithm in a single species, typically biological. The name and model are inspired by ANOVA. The method was developed by Laurent Excoffier, Peter Smouse and Joseph Quattro at Rutgers University in 1992.
Since developing AMOVA, Excoffier... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20B.%20Wilson | Robert Butler Wilson, Jr. (born May 16, 1937) is an American economist and the Adams Distinguished Professor of Management, Emeritus at Stanford University. He was jointly awarded the 2020 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences, together with his Stanford colleague and former student Paul R. Milgrom, "for improvemen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standalone%20program | A standalone program, also known as a freestanding program, is a computer program that does not load any external module, library function or program and that is designed to boot with the bootstrap procedure of the target processor – it runs on bare metal. In early computers like the ENIAC without the concept of an ope... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willmore%20conjecture | In differential geometry, the Willmore conjecture is a lower bound on the Willmore energy of a torus. It is named after the English mathematician Tom Willmore, who conjectured it in 1965. A proof by Fernando Codá Marques and André Neves was announced in 2012 and published in 2014.
Willmore energy
Let v : M → R3 be a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20inclusion | In mathematics, differential inclusions are a generalization of the concept of ordinary differential equation of the form
where F is a multivalued map, i.e. F(t, x) is a set rather than a single point in . Differential inclusions arise in many situations including differential variational inequalities, projected dyna... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20public%20transport%20smart%20cards | The following tables list smart cards used for public transport and other electronic purse applications.
Africa
Americas
Asia and Oceania
Europe
Gallery
See also
Calypso, an international electronic ticketing standard, originally designed by a group of transit operators
CIPURSE, is an open security standard for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20botany | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to botany:
Botany – biological discipline which involves the study of plants.
Core concepts of botany
Bud
Cell wall
Chlorophyll
Chloroplast
Flora
Flower
Fruit
Forest
Leaf
Meristem
Photosynthesis
Plant
Plant cell
Pollen
Seed
Seedlin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertia%20wheel%20pendulum | An inertia wheel pendulum is a pendulum with an inertia wheel attached. It can be used as a pedagogical problem in control theory. This type of pendulum is often confused with the gyroscopic effect, which has completely different physical nature.
See also
Inverted pendulum
Robotic unicycle
Spinning top
References... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott%20the%20Hoople%20%28album%29 | Mott the Hoople is the debut studio album by the band of the same name. It was produced by Guy Stevens and released in 1969 by Island Records in the UK (ILPS 9108), and in 1970 by Atlantic Records in the US (SD 8258). It was re-issued by Angel Air in 2003 (SJPCD157).
Background
Stevens, the group's initial mentor and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windbelt | The Windbelt is a wind power harvesting device invented by Shawn Frayne in 2004 for converting wind power to electricity. It consists of a flexible polymer ribbon stretched between supports transverse to the wind direction, with magnets glued to it. When the wind blows across it, the ribbon vibrates due to vortex shed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronozone | A chronozone or chron is a unit in chronostratigraphy, defined by events such as
geomagnetic reversals (magnetozones), or based on the presence of specific fossils (biozone or biochronozone).
According to the International Commission on Stratigraphy, the term "chronozone" refers to the rocks formed during a particula... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune%20privilege | Certain sites of the mammalian body have immune privilege, meaning they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response. Tissue grafts are normally recognised as foreign antigens by the body and attacked by the immune system. However, in immune privileged sites, tissu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helium%20atom%20scattering | Helium atom scattering (HAS) is a surface analysis technique used in materials science. It provides information about the surface structure and lattice dynamics of a material by measuring the diffracted atoms from a monochromatic helium beam incident on the sample.
History
The first recorded helium diffraction exper... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioretention | Bioretention is the process in which contaminants and sedimentation are removed from stormwater runoff. The main objective of the bioretention cell is to attenuate peak runoff as well as to remove stormwater runoff pollutants.
Construction of a bioretention area
Stormwater is firstly directed into the designed treatm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequent%20deliveries | Frequent deliveries are a largely ignored but powerful way of leveling apparent demand within a supply chain and thereby reducing Mura. What is perhaps not so obvious is that this will reduce inventory levels and thereby assist progress along the Lean journey at the same time. The historical focus upon carrying full lo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetorheological%20damper | A magnetorheological damper or magnetorheological shock absorber is a damper filled with magnetorheological fluid, which is controlled by a magnetic field, usually using an electromagnet. This allows the damping characteristics of the shock absorber to be continuously controlled by varying the power of the electromagne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panjer%20recursion | The Panjer recursion is an algorithm to compute the probability distribution approximation of a compound random variable
where both and are random variables and of special types. In more general cases the distribution of S is a compound distribution. The recursion for the special cases considered was introduced in a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosenescence | Immunosenescence is the gradual deterioration of the immune system, brought on by natural age advancement. A 2020 review concluded that the adaptive immune system is affected more than the innate immune system. Immunosenescence involves both the host's capacity to respond to infections and the development of long-term ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehmer%27s%20conjecture | Lehmer's conjecture, also known as the Lehmer's Mahler measure problem, is a problem in number theory raised by Derrick Henry Lehmer. The conjecture asserts that there is an absolute constant such that every polynomial with integer coefficients satisfies one of the following properties:
The Mahler measure of is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiron%20FS | Chiron Filesystem is a fault-tolerant replication file system.
Chiron FS is a FUSE based filesystem that implements replication at the filesystem level like RAID 1 does at the device level. The replicated filesystem may be of any kind; the only requisite is that it is mounted.
There is no need for special configurati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProPublica | ProPublica (), legally Pro Publica, Inc., is a nonprofit organization based in New York City dedicated to investigative journalism. ProPublica states that its investigations are conducted by its staff of full-time investigative reporters, and the resulting stories are distributed to news partners for publication or bro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoreConnect |
CoreConnect is a microprocessor bus-architecture from IBM for system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs. It was designed to ease the integration and reuse of processor, system, and peripheral cores within standard and custom SoC designs. As a standard SoC design point, it serves as the foundation of IBM or non-IBM devices. Elem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-energy%20ion%20scattering | Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves directing a stream of charged particles known as ions at a surface and making... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheel%20and%20spoke%20model | The Wheel And Spoke Model is a sequentially parallel software development model. It is essentially a modification of the spiral model that is designed to work with smaller initial teams, which then scale upwards and build value faster. It is best used during the design and prototyping stages of development. It is a bot... |
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