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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vacant%20niche | The issue of what exactly defines a vacant niche, also known as empty niche, and whether they exist in ecosystems is controversial. The subject is intimately tied into a much broader debate on whether ecosystems can reach equilibrium, where they could theoretically become maximally saturated with species. Given that sa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set%20theory%20of%20the%20real%20line | Set theory of the real line is an area of mathematics concerned with the application of set theory to aspects of the real numbers.
For example, one knows that all countable sets of reals are null, i.e. have Lebesgue measure 0; one might therefore ask the least possible size of a set
which is not Lebesgue null. This in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undervalued%20stock | An undervalued stock is defined as a stock that is selling at a price significantly below what is assumed to be its intrinsic value. For example, if a stock is selling for $50, but it is worth $100 based on predictable future cash flows, then it is an undervalued stock. The undervalued stock has the intrinsic value bel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20goods%20and%20services | Ecological goods and services (EG&S) are the economical benefits (goods and services) arising from the ecological functions of ecosystems. Such benefits accrue to all living organisms, including animals and plants, rather than to humans alone. However, there is a growing recognition of the importance to society that ec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphic%20encryption | Homomorphic encryption is a form of encryption that allows computations to be performed on encrypted data without first having to decrypt it. The resulting computations are left in an encrypted form which, when decrypted, result in an output that is identical to that produced had the operations been performed on the un... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Component%20%28group%20theory%29 | In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a component of a finite group is a quasisimple subnormal subgroup. Any two distinct components commute. The product of all the components is the layer of the group.
For finite abelian (or nilpotent) groups, p-component is used in a different sense to mean the Sylow p-sub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20core | In mathematics, in the field of group theory, the perfect core (or perfect radical) of a group is its largest perfect subgroup. Its existence is guaranteed by the fact that the subgroup generated by a family of perfect subgroups is again a perfect subgroup. The perfect core is also the point where the transfinite deriv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segregate%20%28taxonomy%29 | In taxonomy, a segregate, or a segregate taxon is created when a taxon is split off from another taxon. This other taxon will be better known, usually bigger, and will continue to exist, even after the segregate taxon has been split off. A segregate will be either new or ephemeral: there is a tendency for taxonomists t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noga%20Alon | Noga Alon (; born 1956) is an Israeli mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Princeton University noted for his contributions to combinatorics and theoretical computer science, having authored hundreds of papers.
Education and career
Alon was born in 1956 in Haifa, where he graduated from the Hebrew Reali Sc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monitor%20filter | A monitor filter is an accessory to the computer display to filter out the light reflected from the smooth glass surface of a CRT or flat panel display. Many also include a ground to dissipate static buildup. A secondary use for monitor filters is privacy as they decrease the viewing angle of a monitor, preventing it f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pronunciation%20assessment | Automatic pronunciation assessment is the use of speech recognition to verify the correctness of pronounced speech, as distinguished from manual assessment by an instructor or proctor. Also called speech verification, pronunciation evaluation, and pronunciation scoring, the main application of this technology is comput... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiseat%20configuration | A multiseat, multi-station or multiterminal system is a single computer which supports multiple independent local users at the same time.
A "seat" consists of all hardware devices assigned to a specific workplace at which one user sits at and interacts with the computer. It consists of at least one graphics device (g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic%20point | In mathematics, in the study of iterated functions and dynamical systems, a periodic point of a function is a point which the system returns to after a certain number of function iterations or a certain amount of time.
Iterated functions
Given a mapping from a set into itself,
a point in is called periodic point... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugacy%20problem | In abstract algebra, the conjugacy problem for a group G with a given presentation is the decision problem of determining, given two words x and y in G, whether or not they represent conjugate elements of G. That is, the problem is to determine whether there exists an element z of G such that
The conjugacy problem is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20National%20Vegetation%20Classification | The U.S. National Vegetation Classification (NVC or USNVC) is a scheme for classifying the natural and cultural vegetation communities of the United States. The purpose of this standardized vegetation classification system is to facilitate communication between land managers, scientists, and the public when managing, r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20magnetofluidics | Digital magnetofluidics is a method for moving, combining, splitting, and controlling drops of water or biological fluids using magnetic fields. This is accomplished by adding superparamagnetic particles to a drop placed on a superhydrophobic surface. Normally this type of surface would exhibit a lotus effect and th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched%20capacitor | A switched capacitor (SC) is an electronic circuit that implements a function by moving charges into and out of capacitors when electronic switches are opened and closed. Usually, non-overlapping clock signals are used to control the switches, so that not all switches are closed simultaneously. Filters implemented with... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative%20velocity | The relative velocity (also or ) is the velocity of an object or observer B in the rest frame of another object or observer A.
Classical mechanics
In one dimension (non-relativistic)
We begin with relative motion in the classical, (or non-relativistic, or the Newtonian approximation) that all speeds are much less... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltameter | A voltameter or coulometer is a scientific instrument used for measuring electric charge (quantity of electricity) through electrolytic action. The SI unit of electric charge is the coulomb.
The voltameter should not be confused with a voltmeter, which measures electric potential. The SI unit for electric potential is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ouchterlony%20double%20immunodiffusion | Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion (also known as passive double immunodiffusion) is an immunological technique used in the detection, identification and quantification of antibodies and antigens, such as immunoglobulins and extractable nuclear antigens. The technique is named after Örjan Ouchterlony, the Swedish physi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20Protection%20API | Data Protection Application Programming Interface (DPAPI) is a simple cryptographic application programming interface available as a built-in component in Windows 2000 and later versions of Microsoft Windows operating systems. In theory, the Data Protection API can enable symmetric encryption of any kind of data; in p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire%20d%27informatique%20pour%20la%20m%C3%A9canique%20et%20les%20sciences%20de%20l%27ing%C3%A9nieur | The Computer Science Laboratory for Mechanics and Engineering Sciences (LIMSI) was a CNRS pluri-disciplinary science laboratory in Orsay, France.
LIMSI academics and scholars come primarily from the Engineering and Information Sciences fields, but also from Cognitive Science and Linguistics. LIMSI is associated with t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarski%27s%20axiomatization%20of%20the%20reals | In 1936, Alfred Tarski set out an axiomatization of the real numbers and their arithmetic, consisting of only the 8 axioms shown below and a mere four primitive notions: the set of reals denoted R, a binary total order over R, denoted by the infix operator <, a binary operation of addition over R, denoted by the infix... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20biology | Membrane biology is the study of the biological and physiochemical characteristics of membranes, with applications in the study of cellular physiology.
Membrane bioelectrical impulses are described by the Hodgkin cycle.
Biophysics
Membrane biophysics is the study of biological membrane structure and function using ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeOTFE | FreeOTFE is a discontinued open source computer program for on-the-fly disk encryption (OTFE). On Microsoft Windows, and Windows Mobile (using FreeOTFE4PDA), it can create a virtual drive within a file or partition, to which anything written is automatically encrypted before being stored on a computer's hard or USB dri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP%20compression | HTTP compression is a capability that can be built into web servers and web clients to improve transfer speed and bandwidth utilization.
HTTP data is compressed before it is sent from the server: compliant browsers will announce what methods are supported to the server before downloading the correct format; browsers t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20common%20coordinate%20transformations | This is a list of some of the most commonly used coordinate transformations.
2-dimensional
Let be the standard Cartesian coordinates, and the standard polar coordinates.
To Cartesian coordinates
From polar coordinates
From log-polar coordinates
By using complex numbers , the transformation can be written as
Tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic%20isolation | Galvanic isolation is a principle of isolating functional sections of electrical systems to prevent current flow; no direct conduction path is permitted.
Energy or information can still be exchanged between the sections by other means, such as capacitive, inductive, radiative, optical, acoustic, or mechanical coupling... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unknotting%20problem | In mathematics, the unknotting problem is the problem of algorithmically recognizing the unknot, given some representation of a knot, e.g., a knot diagram. There are several types of unknotting algorithms. A major unresolved challenge is to determine if the problem admits a polynomial time algorithm; that is, whether ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus%20oil | Eucalyptus oil is the generic name for distilled oil from the leaf of Eucalyptus, a genus of the plant family Myrtaceae native to Australia and cultivated worldwide. Eucalyptus oil has a history of wide application, as a pharmaceutical, antiseptic, repellent, flavouring, fragrance and industrial uses. The leaves of sel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constrained%20Shortest%20Path%20First | Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) is an extension of shortest path algorithms. The path computed using CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling a set of constraints. It simply means that it runs shortest path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A constraint could be minimum bandw... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.%20Trautwine | John Cresson Trautwine (March 30, 1810, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania – September 14, 1883, Philadelphia) was an American civil engineer, architect, and engineering writer.
A consultant on numerous canal projects in North and South America, he was later remembered for reporting in 1852 that a canal through Panama would b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20cone | In algebraic geometry, the normal cone of a subscheme of a scheme is a scheme analogous to the normal bundle or tubular neighborhood in differential geometry.
Definition
The normal cone or of an embedding , defined by some sheaf of ideals I is defined as the relative Spec
When the embedding i is regular the normal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading%20Edge%20Products | Leading Edge Products, Inc., was a computer manufacturer in the 1980s and the 1990s. It was based in Canton, Massachusetts.
History
Leading Edge was founded in 1980 by Thomas Shane and Michael Shane. At the outset, they were a PC peripherals company selling aftermarket products such as Elephant Memory Systems brand ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarse%20structure | In the mathematical fields of geometry and topology, a coarse structure on a set X is a collection of subsets of the cartesian product X × X with certain properties which allow the large-scale structure of metric spaces and topological spaces to be defined.
The concern of traditional geometry and topology is with the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading%20Edge%20Model%20D | The Leading Edge Model D is an IBM clone first released by Leading Edge Hardware in July 1985. It was initially priced at $1,495 and configured with dual 5.25" floppy drives, 256 KB of RAM, and a monochrome monitor. It was manufactured by South Korean conglomerate Daewoo and distributed by Canton, Massachusetts-based L... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcytosis | Transcytosis (also known as cytopempsis) is a type of transcellular transport in which various macromolecules are transported across the interior of a cell. Macromolecules are captured in vesicles on one side of the cell, drawn across the cell, and ejected on the other side. Examples of macromolecules transported inclu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersampling | Supersampling or supersampling anti-aliasing (SSAA) is a spatial anti-aliasing method, i.e. a method used to remove aliasing (jagged and pixelated edges, colloquially known as "jaggies") from images rendered in computer games or other computer programs that generate imagery. Aliasing occurs because unlike real-world ob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA%20Suite%20A%20Cryptography | NSA Suite A Cryptography is NSA cryptography which "contains classified algorithms that will not be released." "Suite A will be used for the protection of some categories of especially sensitive information (a small percentage of the overall national security-related information assurance market)."
Incomplete list of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otis%20King | Otis Carter Formby King (1876–1944) was an electrical engineer in London who invented and produced a cylindrical slide rule with helical scales, primarily for business uses initially. The product was named Otis King's Patent Calculator, and was manufactured and sold by Carbic Ltd. in London from about 1922 to about 19... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20mine | Smart mine refers to a number of next-generation land mine designs being developed by military forces around the world. Many are designed to self-destruct or self-deactivate at the end of a conflict or a preset period of time. Others are so-called "self-healing" minefields which can detect when a gap in the field has ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltinism | Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year. The term is most often applied to insects, and is particularly in use in sericulture, where silkworm varieties vary in their voltinism.
Univoltine (monovoltine) – (adjective) referring to organisms having one... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandy%20Video%20Information%20System | The Tandy Memorex Video Information System (VIS) is an interactive, multimedia CD-ROM player produced by the Tandy Corporation starting in 1992. It is similar in function to the Philips CD-i and Commodore CDTV systems (particularly the CDTV, since both the VIS and CDTV were adaptations of existing computer platforms an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason%27s%20gain%20formula | Mason's gain formula (MGF) is a method for finding the transfer function of a linear signal-flow graph (SFG). The formula was derived by Samuel Jefferson Mason, whom it is also named after. MGF is an alternate method to finding the transfer function algebraically by labeling each signal, writing down the equation for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retract%20%28group%20theory%29 | In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a subgroup of a group is termed a retract if there is an endomorphism of the group that maps surjectively to the subgroup and is the identity on the subgroup. In symbols, is a retract of if and only if there is an endomorphism such that for all and for all .
The endo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20%28group%29 | In mathematics, in the field of group theory, the norm of a group is the intersection of the normalizers of all its subgroups. This is also termed the Baer norm, after Reinhold Baer.
The following facts are true for the Baer norm:
It is a characteristic subgroup.
It contains the center of the group.
It is containe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innovations%20in%20Systems%20and%20Software%20Engineering | Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering: A NASA Journal is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of computer science covering systems and software engineering, including formal methods. It is published by Springer Science+Business Media on behalf of NASA. The editors-in-chief are Michael Hinchey (University of Lim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoprotection | Photoprotection is the biochemical process that helps organisms cope with molecular damage caused by sunlight. Plants and other oxygenic phototrophs have developed a suite of photoprotective mechanisms to prevent photoinhibition and oxidative stress caused by excess or fluctuating light conditions. Humans and other a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer%20effect | The transformer effect, or mutual induction, is one of the processes by which an electromotive force (e.m.f.) is induced. In a transformer, a changing electric current in a primary coil creates a changing magnetic field that induces a current in a secondary coil.
This process is one of two ways of inducing an electrom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Offline%20reader | An offline reader (sometimes called an offline browser or offline navigator) is computer software that downloads e-mail, newsgroup posts or web pages, making them available when the computer is offline: not connected to a server. Offline readers are useful for portable computers and dial-up access.
Variations
Websit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Games%20%28video%20game%29 | World Games is a sports video game developed by Epyx for the Commodore 64 in 1986. Versions for the Apple IIGS, Amstrad CPC, ZX Spectrum, Master System and other contemporary systems were also released. The NES version was released by Milton Bradley, and ported by Software Creations on behalf of producer Rare.
The gam... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet%20over%20SDH | Ethernet Over SDH (EoS or EoSDH) or Ethernet over SONET refers to a set of protocols which allow Ethernet traffic to be carried over synchronous digital hierarchy networks in an efficient and flexible way. The same functions are available using SONET.
Ethernet frames which are to be sent on the SDH link are sent thro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Biology | Advanced Placement (AP) Biology (also known as AP Bio) is an Advanced Placement biology course and exam offered by the College Board in the United States. For the 2012–2013 school year, the College Board unveiled a new curriculum with a greater focus on "scientific practices".
This course is designed for students who ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMHOSTS | The LMHOSTS (LAN Manager Hosts) file is used to enable Domain Name Resolution under Windows when other methods, such as WINS, fail. It is used in conjunction with workgroups and domains. If you are looking for a simple, general mechanism for the local specification of IP addresses for specific hostnames (server names),... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Statistics | Advanced Placement (AP) Statistics (also known as AP Stats) is a college-level high school statistics course offered in the United States through the College Board's Advanced Placement program. This course is equivalent to a one semester, non-calculus-based introductory college statistics course and is normally offered... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwabara%20kuwabara | is a phrase used in the Japanese language to ward off lightning. It is analogous to the English phrase "knock on wood" to prevent bad luck or "rain rain go away".
The word kuwabara literally means "mulberry field". According to one explanation, there is a Chinese legend that mulberry trees are not struck by lightning... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemic%20domain%20model | The anemic domain model is described as a programming anti-pattern where the domain objects contain little or no business logic like validations, calculations, rules, and so forth. The business logic is thus baked into the architecture of the program itself, making refactoring and maintenance more difficult and time-co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavored%20liquor |
Flavored liquors (also called infused liquors) are liquors that have added flavoring and, in some cases, a small amount of added sugar. They are distinct from liqueurs in that liqueurs have a high sugar content and may also contain glycerine.
Flavored liquors may have a base of vodka or white rum, both of which have ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VLYNQ | VLYNQ is a proprietary interface developed by Texas Instruments and used for broadband products, such as WLAN and modems, VOIP processors and audio and digital media processor chips. The chip implements a full-duplex serial communications interface that enables the extension of an internal bus segment to one or more ex... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex%20ring%20gun | The vortex ring gun is an experimental non-lethal weapon for crowd control that uses high-energy vortex rings of gas to knock down people or spray them with marking ink or other chemicals.
The concept was explored by the US Army starting in 1998, and by some commercial firms. Knockdown of distant individuals currentl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20quantization | In computer graphics, color quantization or color image quantization is quantization applied to color spaces; it is a process that reduces the number of distinct colors used in an image, usually with the intention that the new image should be as visually similar as possible to the original image. Computer algorithms to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOR%20logic | A NOR gate or a NOT OR gate is a logic gate which gives a positive output only when both inputs are negative.
Like NAND gates, NOR gates are so-called "universal gates" that can be combined to form any other kind of logic gate. For example, the first embedded system, the Apollo Guidance Computer, was built exclusively... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemalto | Gemalto was an international digital security company providing software applications, secure personal devices such as smart cards and tokens, e-wallets and managed services. It was formed in June 2006 by the merger of two companies, Axalto and Gemplus International. Gemalto N.V.'s revenue in 2018 was €2.969 billion.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia%20computer | A multimedia computer is a computer that is optimized for multimedia performance.
Early home computers lacked the power and storage necessary for true multimedia. The games for these systems, along with the demo scene were able to achieve high sophistication and technical polish using only simple, blocky graphics and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box%20blur | A box blur (also known as a box linear filter) is a spatial domain linear filter in which each pixel in the resulting image has a value equal to the average value of its neighboring pixels in the input image. It is a form of low-pass ("blurring") filter. A 3 by 3 box blur ("radius 1") can be written as matrix
Due to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modified%20Morlet%20wavelet | Modified Mexican hat, Modified Morlet and Dark soliton or Darklet wavelets are derived from hyperbolic (sech) (bright soliton) and hyperbolic tangent (tanh) (dark soliton) pulses. These functions are derived intuitively from the solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the anomalous and normal dispersion regi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20Advanced%20Institute%20of%20Science%20and%20Technology | The is a postgraduate university in Nomi, Ishikawa, established in 1990.
JAIST was established in the centre of Ishikawa Science Park (ISP). JAIST has programs of advanced research and development in science and technology. This university has several satellite campuses: Shinagawa Campus in Shinagawa, Tokyo (relocate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic%20biology | Forensic biology is the use of biological principles and techniques in the context of law enforcement investigations.
Forensic biology mainly focuses on DNA sequencing of biological matter found at crime scenes. This assists investigators in identifying potential suspects or unidentified bodies.
Forensic biology ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20control%20point | Critical Control Point (CCP) is the point where the failure of Standard Operation Procedure (SOP) could cause harm to customers and to the business, or even loss of the business itself. It is a point, step or procedure at which controls can be applied and a food safety hazard can be prevented, eliminated or reduced to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammett%20equation | In organic chemistry, the Hammett equation describes a linear free-energy relationship relating reaction rates and equilibrium constants for many reactions involving benzoic acid derivatives with meta- and para-substituents to each other with just two parameters: a substituent constant and a reaction constant. This equ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Announcement%20%28computing%29 | An announcement (ANN) is a Usenet, mailing list or e-mail message sent to notify subscribers that a software project has made a new release version. Newsgroup announcement recipients often have a name like "comp.somegroup.announce". Mailing list announcement recipients often have a name like "toolname-announce". In an ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20biosphere | A shadow biosphere is a hypothetical microbial biosphere of Earth that would use radically different biochemical and molecular processes from that of currently known life. Although life on Earth is relatively well studied, if a shadow biosphere exists it may still remain unnoticed, because the exploration of the microb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emery%27s%20rule | In 1909, the entomologist Carlo Emery noted that social parasites among insects (e.g., kleptoparasites) tend to be parasites of species or genera to which they are closely related. Over time, this pattern has been recognized in many additional cases, and generalized to what is now known as Emery's rule. The pattern is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempered%20glass | Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to shatter into small granular ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take-grant%20protection%20model | The take-grant protection model is a formal model used in the field of computer security to establish or disprove the safety of a given computer system that follows specific rules. It shows that even though the question of safety is in general undecidable, for specific systems it is decidable in linear time.
The model... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocchi%20number | In mathematics, the Genocchi numbers Gn, named after Angelo Genocchi, are a sequence of integers that satisfy the relation
The first few Genocchi numbers are 0, −1, −1, 0, 1, 0, −3, 0, 17 , see .
Properties
The generating function definition of the Genocchi numbers implies that they are rational numbers. In fact,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20fuel%20cell%20vehicles | A fuel cell vehicle is a vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power an electric drive system. There are also hybrid vehicles meaning that they are fitted with a fuel cell and a battery or a fuel cell and an ultracapacitor. For HICEV see List of hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicles. For a discussion of the advantag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20Oriented%20Assembly%20Lisp | Game Oriented Assembly Lisp (GOAL, also known as Game Object Assembly Lisp) is a programming language, a dialect of the language Lisp, made for video games developed by Andy Gavin and the Jak and Daxter team at the company Naughty Dog.
It was written using Allegro Common Lisp and used in the development of the entire ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIST%20%28metric%29 | NIST is a method for evaluating the quality of text which has been translated using machine translation. Its name comes from the US National Institute of Standards and Technology.
It is based on the BLEU metric, but with some alterations. Where BLEU simply calculates n-gram precision adding equal weight to each one, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy%20Act%20%28Canada%29 | The Privacy Act () is the federal information-privacy legislation of Canada that came into effect on July 1, 1983. Administered by the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, the Act sets out rules for how institutions of the Government of Canada collect, use, disclose, retain, and dispose of personal information of individual... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment%20matrix | In mathematics, a moment matrix is a special symmetric square matrix whose rows and columns are indexed by monomials. The entries of the matrix depend on the product of the indexing monomials only (cf. Hankel matrices.)
Moment matrices play an important role in polynomial fitting, polynomial optimization (since positi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic%20electrical%20engineering | Forensic electrical engineering is a branch of forensic engineering, and is concerned with investigating electrical failures and accidents in a legal context. Many forensic electrical engineering investigations apply to fires suspected to be caused by electrical failures. Forensic electrical engineers are most comm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomic%20library | A genomic library is a collection of overlapping DNA fragments that together make up the total genomic DNA of a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA. In order to construct a genomic library, the organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20point | In hyperbolic geometry, an ideal point, omega point or point at infinity is a well-defined point outside the hyperbolic plane or space.
Given a line l and a point P not on l, right- and left-limiting parallels to l through P converge to l at ideal points.
Unlike the projective case, ideal points form a boundary, not a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20domain | In data management and database analysis, a data domain is the collection of values that a data element may contain. The rule for determining the domain boundary may be as simple as a data type with an enumerated list of values.
For example, a database table that has information about people, with one record per perso... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicidation | Radicidation is a specific case of food irradiation where the dose of ionizing radiation applied to the food is sufficient to reduce the number of viable specific non-spore-forming pathogenic bacteria to such a level that none are detectable when the treated food is examined by any recognized method. The required dose ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radappertization | Radappertization is a form of food irradiation which applies a dose of ionizing radiation sufficient to reduce the number and activity of viable microorganisms to such an extent that very few, if any, are detectable in the treated food by any recognized method (viruses being excepted).
No microbial spoilage or toxici... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20storage%20and%20retrieval%20system | An automated storage and retrieval system (ASRS or AS/RS) consists of a variety of computer-controlled systems for automatically placing and retrieving loads from defined storage locations. Automated storage and retrieval systems (AS/RS) are typically used in applications where:
There is a very high volume of loads b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%20cube | In mathematics, a Cantor cube is a topological group of the form {0, 1}A for some index set A. Its algebraic and topological structures are the group direct product and product topology over the cyclic group of order 2 (which is itself given the discrete topology).
If A is a countably infinite set, the corresponding C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27t%20Hooft%20symbol | The t Hooft symbol is a collection of numbers which allows one to express the generators of the SU(2) Lie algebra in terms of the generators of Lorentz algebra. The symbol is a blend between the Kronecker delta and the Levi-Civita symbol. It was introduced by Gerard 't Hooft. It is used in the construction of the BPST ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal%20coordinates | In mathematics, orthogonal coordinates are defined as a set of coordinates in which the coordinate hypersurfaces all meet at right angles (note that superscripts are indices, not exponents). A coordinate surface for a particular coordinate is the curve, surface, or hypersurface on which is a constant. For example, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopf%20conjecture | In mathematics, Hopf conjecture may refer to one of several conjectural statements from differential geometry and topology attributed to Heinz Hopf.
Positively or negatively curved Riemannian manifolds
The Hopf conjecture is an open problem in global Riemannian geometry. It goes back to questions of Heinz Hopf from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Care-of%20address | A care-of address (usually referred to as CoA) is a temporary IP address for a mobile device used in Internet routing. This allows a home agent to forward messages to the mobile device. A separate address is required because the IP address of the device that is used as host identification is topologically incorrect—it... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oppenheim%20conjecture | In Diophantine approximation, the Oppenheim conjecture concerns representations of numbers by real quadratic forms in several variables. It was formulated in 1929 by Alexander Oppenheim and later the conjectured property was further strengthened by Harold Davenport and Oppenheim. Initial research on this problem took t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toroidal%20coordinates | Toroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system about the axis that separates its two foci. Thus, the two foci and in bipolar coordinates become a ring of radius in the plane of the toroidal coordinate system; the -a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bispherical%20coordinates | Bispherical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system about the axis that connects the two foci. Thus, the two foci and in bipolar coordinates remain points (on the -axis, the axis of rotation) in the bispherical coordina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar%20cylindrical%20coordinates | Bipolar cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional bipolar coordinate system in the
perpendicular -direction. The two lines of foci
and of the projected Apollonian circles are generally taken to be
defined by and , respectively, (a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20cylindrical%20coordinates | Elliptic cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional elliptic coordinate system in the
perpendicular -direction. Hence, the coordinate surfaces are prisms of confocal ellipses and hyperbolae. The two foci
and are generally taken to b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabolic%20cylindrical%20coordinates | In mathematics, parabolic cylindrical coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from projecting the two-dimensional parabolic coordinate system in the
perpendicular -direction. Hence, the coordinate surfaces are confocal parabolic cylinders. Parabolic cylindrical coordinates have fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolate%20spheroidal%20coordinates | Prolate spheroidal coordinates are a three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system that results from rotating the two-dimensional elliptic coordinate system about the focal axis of the ellipse, i.e., the symmetry axis on which the foci are located. Rotation about the other axis produces oblate spheroidal coordinates.... |
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