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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbrasia%20epimethea | Imbrasia epimethea is a species of moth belonging to the family Saturniidae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from the Calabar coast.
Description
Upper side: antennae strongly pectinated; the extremities appearing like threads. Thorax light brown, tinged with red. Abdomen grey brown. Anterior wings light grey brown, tinged with red at the base; having a narrow dark-coloured bar verged with grey running from the anterior to the posterior edges, parallel and at a little distance from the external margin. Posterior wings grey brown, terminating behind in points like acute angles; a dark narrow bar, edged with white, crosses these wings from the upper corners to the abdominal edges, dividing them into two compartments; in the uppermost of which are placed two eyes, whose centres are yellow, surrounded with black irides edged with red, and which also are encircled with ash-coloured rings. Above these eyes the wings are dark-coloured, almost black; but next the body are of a reddish hue.
Under side: legs black. Thorax and abdomen same colour as on the upper side. Wings nearly the same colour as on the upper side; the bars being plain and distinct, but the eyes are not observable here.
Drury's text does not state the wingspan, but his figure shows it as 5 inches (127mm).
Distribution
It is found in Angola, Cameroon, the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo (Bas Congo, Katanga, Orientale), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda.
Biology
The larvae are highly gregarious and feed on Theobroma cacao, Petersianthus africanus, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Holarrhena floribunda, Funtumia species (including Funtumia africana and Funtumia elastica), Ricinodendron heudelotii, Acacia lahai, Terminalia, Bauhinia and Anona senegalensis.
Subspecies
Imbrasia epimethea epimethea
Imbrasia epimethea biokoensis Darge, 1988
References
Saturniinae
Moths of Africa
M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEG%20TEK%20International | CEG TEK International (formerly Copyright Enforcement Group) was a Los Angeles-based copyright monetization firm. The company also conducted and released studies about unauthorized distribution of motion pictures, music, and other forms of digital media.
CEG TEK International primarily represented motion picture studios, including Nu Image and Millennium Films, and protected their digital content online. The company monitored P2P file sharing. Electronic notices were sent to Internet service providers and their customers, which offered a release of liability in exchange for a settlement amount. CEG TEK International claimed users who paid for their infringement were less likely to share illegal content in future.
Controversy
It had been claimed that CEG TEK's activities could be classified as copyright trolling.
References
External links
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California
Copyright law organizations
Digital rights management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradley%E2%80%93Terry%20model | The Bradley–Terry model is a probability model for the outcome of pairwise comparisons between individuals, teams, or objects. Given a pair of individuals and drawn from some population, it estimates the probability that the pairwise comparison turns out true, as
where is a positive real-valued score assigned to individual . The comparison can be read as " is preferred to ", " ranks higher than ", or " beats ", depending on the application.
For example, might represent the skill of a team in a sports tournament and the probability that wins a game against . Or might represent the quality or desirability of a commercial product and the probability that a consumer will prefer product over product .
The Bradley–Terry model can be used in the forward direction to predict outcomes, as described, but is more commonly used in reverse to infer the scores given an observed set of outcomes. In this type of application represents some measure of the strength or quality of and the model lets us estimate the strengths from a series of pairwise comparisons. In a survey of wine preferences, for instance, it might be difficult for respondents to give a complete ranking of a large set of wines, but relatively easy for them to compare sample pairs of wines and say which they feel is better. Based on a set of such pairwise comparisons, the Bradley–Terry model can then be used to derive a full ranking of the wines.
Once the values of the scores have been calculated, the model can then also be used in the forward direction, for instance to predict the likely outcome of comparisons that have not yet actually occurred. In the wine survey example, for instance, one could calculate the probability that someone will prefer wine over wine , even if no one in the survey directly compared that particular pair.
History and applications
The model is named after Ralph A. Bradley and Milton E. Terry, who presented it in 1952, although it had already been studied by Ernst Ze |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s%20Encrypt | Let's Encrypt is a non-profit certificate authority run by Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) that provides X.509 certificates for Transport Layer Security (TLS) encryption at no charge. It is the world's largest certificate authority, used by more than 300 million websites, with the goal of all websites being secure and using HTTPS. The Internet Security Research Group (ISRG), the provider of the service, is a public benefit organization. Major sponsors include the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), the Mozilla Foundation, OVH, Cisco Systems, Facebook, Google Chrome, Internet Society, AWS, NGINX, and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Other partners include the certificate authority IdenTrust, the University of Michigan (U-M), and the Linux Foundation.
Overview
The mission for the organization is to create a more secure and privacy-respecting World-Wide Web by promoting the widespread adoption of HTTPS. Let's Encrypt certificates are valid for 90 days, during which renewal can take place at any time. This is handled by an automated process designed to overcome manual creation, validation, signing, installation, and renewal of certificates for secure websites. The project claims its goal is to make encrypted connections to World Wide Web servers ubiquitous. By eliminating payment, web server configuration, validation email management and certificate renewal tasks, it is meant to significantly lower the complexity of setting up and maintaining TLS encryption.
On a Linux web server, execution of only two commands is sufficient to set up HTTPS encryption and acquire and install certificates. To that end, a software package was included into the official Debian and Ubuntu software repositories. Current initiatives of major browser developers such as Mozilla and Google to deprecate unencrypted HTTP are counting on the availability of Let's Encrypt. The project is acknowledged to have the potential to accomplish encrypted connections as the default case for th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Security%20Research%20Group | The Internet Security Research Group (ISRG) is a Californian public-benefit non-profit corporation which focuses on Internet security.
Let's Encrypt—its first major initiative—aims to make Transport Layer Security (TLS) certificates available for free in an automated fashion.
Josh Aas serves as the group's executive director.
Board members
Josh Aas (Internet Security Research Group) — ISRG Executive Director
J. Alex Halderman (University of Michigan)
Vicky Chin (Mozilla)
Aanchal Gupta (Independent)
Jennifer Granick (ACLU)
Pascal Jaillon (OVH)
Richard Barnes (Cisco Systems)
Christine Runnegar (Internet Society)
Erica Portnoy (Electronic Frontier Foundation)
David Nalley (Amazon)
References
External links
Internet security
Secure communication
Charities based in California
Digital rights organizations
Internet privacy organizations
Internet-related activism
Organizations based in San Francisco
Organizations established in 2013
Politics and technology
Privacy in the United States
Privacy organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crameria%20amabilis | Crameria is a monotypic moth genus in the family Noctuidae erected by Jacob Hübner in 1819. Its only species, Crameria amabilis, was first described by Dru Drury in 1773.
Description
Upperside: head brown. Antennae filiform. Thorax and abdomen yellow brown. Superior wings fine darkish red, with several yellow spots thereon of different shapes, each encircled with black; the posterior and external edges having yellow margins. Posterior wings deep yellow, inclining to orange, with a black oval spot near the middle of each. Along the external edges is a black margin, reaching from the upper to the abdominal corners; the upper edge being scalloped.
Underside: legs, sides, thorax, and abdomen pale orange. Anterior wings entirely pale orange and dusky black, without any mixture of red, etc. Posterior wings as on the upperside; the colours being less distinct. Margins of the wings entire.
Wingspan inches (38 mm).
Distribution
It is found in Angola, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, the Gambia, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
References
Agaristinae
Moths described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Monotypic moth genera
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BPDFamily.com | BPDFamily.com is an online support group for the family members of individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). The group is one of the first "cyber" support groups to be recognized by the medical providers and receive professional referrals.
BPDFamily.com provides articles and message boards for family members to learn and share their experiences. The articles explain borderline personality disorder in understandable terms, and the discussion groups help to normalize the experiences of family members. The site appeals to family members who care about someone with borderline personality disorder, but are frustrated with the relationship demands and conflict.
The site educates its members on concepts developed by Shari Manning PhD, Margalis Fjelstad PhD, Robert O. Friedel MD, and the NEA-BPD Family Connections Program and reached out to academia for collaborations. The site has an interactive web program that teaches the basic principles of cognitive behavioral therapy.
The website and support group are certified as a reputable health information resource by the Health On the Net Foundation.
Funding has come from benefactors and member donations.
Use by healthcare professionals
BPDFamily.com is a listed reference site of the National Health Service (England), the National Alliance on Mental Illness, the National Education Alliance for Borderline Personality Disorder, and the Personality Disorders Awareness Network.
The group's services and programs are recommended in Primer on Borderline Personality Disorder, Abnormal and Clinical Psychology: An Introductory Textbook, Resources to Improve Emotional Health and Strengthen Relationships, I Hate You--Don't Leave Me: Understanding the Borderline Personality, The Essential Family Guide to Borderline Personality Disorder, Stop Walking on Eggshells, and Discovering Your Inner Child: Transforming Toxic Patterns and Finding Your Joy. The site has been recommended by about.com expert Kristalyn Salters-Pedneaul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20interrogation | Identity interrogation is a method of authentication or identity proofing that involves posing one or more knowledge-based authentication questions to an individual. Identity interrogation questions such as "What is your mother’s maiden name?" or "What are the last four digits of your social security number?" It is a method businesses use to prevent identity theft or impersonation of customers.
Identity interrogation is primarily employed during remote, not in-person interactions, such as with a teller at a bank. Many interactions that require user authentication over the Internet or the telephone employ Identity interrogation as a substitute for stronger authentication methods such as physical ownership authentication (i.e. presenting a driver's license or a bankcard) or biometrics (i.e. fingerprint or facial recognition) available mainly during in-person interactions. Identity interrogation is used to assist with risk management, account security, and legal and regulatory compliance during remote interactions. In addition, the technique was developed to assist in the prevention of identity fraud, or the illegal use of another person's identity to commit fraud or other criminal activities.
Identity interrogation methods are most commonly used by governments, organizations and companies such as banks or financial intermediaries, credit card companies, internet providers, telecommunications companies, insurance providers and others.
See also
TRUSTID
Notes
Computer network security
Identity management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UniDIMM | UniDIMM (short for Universal DIMM) is a specification for dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs), which are printed circuit boards (PCBs) designed to carry dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chips. UniDIMMs can be populated with either DDR3 or DDR4 chips, with no support for any additional memory control logic; as a result, the computer's memory controller must support both DDR3 and DDR4 memory standards. The UniDIMM specification was created by Intel for its Skylake microarchitecture, whose integrated memory controller (IMC) supports both DDR3 (more specifically, the DDR3L low-voltage variant) and DDR4 memory technologies.
UniDIMM is a SO-DIMM form factor available in two dimensions: for the standard UniDIMM version (the same size as DDR4 SO-DIMMs), and for the low-profile version. UniDIMMs have a 260-pin edge connector, which has the same pin count as the one on DDR4 SO-DIMMs, with the keying notch in a position that prevents incompatible installation by making UniDIMMs physically incompatible with standard DDR3 and DDR4 SO-DIMM sockets. Because of the lower operating voltage of DDR4 chips (1.2 V) compared with the operating voltage of DDR3 chips (1.5 V for regular DDR3 and 1.35 V for low-voltage DDR3L), UniDIMMs are designed to contain additional built-in voltage regulation circuitry.
The UniDIMM specification was created to ease the market transition from DDR3 to DDR4 SDRAM. In previous RAM standard transitions, as it was the case when DDR2 was phased out in favor of DDR3, having an emerging RAM standard as a new product line created a "chicken-and-egg" problem because its manufacturing is initially more expensive, yields low demand, and results in low production rates. The DDR2 to DDR3 transition issues were sometimes handled with specific motherboards that provided separate slots for DDR2 and DDR3 modules, out of which only one kind could be used. By its design, the UniDIMM specification allows either DDR3 or DDR4 memory to be used in the same memory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumpolar%20distribution | A circumpolar distribution is any range of a taxon that occurs over a wide range of longitudes but only at high latitudes; such a range therefore extends all the way around either the North Pole or the South Pole. Taxa that are also found in isolated high-mountain environments further from the poles are said to have arctic–alpine distributions.
Animals with circumpolar distributions include the reindeer, polar bear, Arctic fox, snowy owl, snow bunting, king eider, brent goose and long-tailed skua in the north, and the Weddell seal and Adélie penguin in the south.
Plants with northern circumpolar distributions include Eutrema edwardsii (syn. Draba laevigata), Saxifraga oppositifolia, Persicaria vivipara and Honckenya peploides.
References
Biogeography
Polar regions of the Earth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euglyphis%20rivulosa | Euglyphis rivulosa is a species of moth in the family Lasiocampidae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Suriname.
Description
Upperside: antennae pectinated. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings pale reddish brown or fawn coloured. The latter with several indented and waved lines, some being darker and some lighter than the general colour of the wings. On the anterior is a large chocolate patch, situated on the middle of the wings, and joining to the anterior edge; between which and the shoulders is another that is much smaller.
Underside: tongue obsolete. Palpi, breast, abdomen, and wings brown, as on the upperside; the latter immaculate, except a dark patch on each wing near the shoulders. Margins of the wings slightly dentated.
Wingspan 3 inches (75 mm).
References
Lasiocampidae
Moths described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Moths of South America
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inbreeding%20avoidance | Inbreeding avoidance, or the inbreeding avoidance hypothesis, is a concept in evolutionary biology that refers to the prevention of the deleterious effects of inbreeding. Animals only rarely exhibit inbreeding avoidance. The inbreeding avoidance hypothesis posits that certain mechanisms develop within a species, or within a given population of a species, as a result of assortative mating and natural and sexual selection, in order to prevent breeding among related individuals. Although inbreeding may impose certain evolutionary costs, inbreeding avoidance, which limits the number of potential mates for a given individual, can inflict opportunity costs. Therefore, a balance exists between inbreeding and inbreeding avoidance. This balance determines whether inbreeding mechanisms develop and the specific nature of such mechanisms.
A 2007 study showed that inbred mice had significantly reduced survival when they were reintroduced into a natural habitat.
Inbreeding can result in inbreeding depression, which is the reduction of fitness of a given population due to inbreeding. Inbreeding depression occurs via appearance of disadvantageous traits due to the pairing of deleterious recessive alleles in a mating pair's progeny. When two related individuals mate, the probability of deleterious recessive alleles pairing in the resulting offspring is higher as compared to when non-related individuals mate because of increased homozygosity. However, inbreeding also gives opportunity for genetic purging of deleterious alleles that otherwise would continue to exist in population and could potentially increase in frequency over time. Another possible negative effect of inbreeding is weakened immune system due to less diverse immunity alleles as a result of outbreeding depression.
A review of the genetics of inbreeding depression in wild animal and plant populations, as well as in humans, led to the conclusion that inbreeding depression and its opposite, heterosis (hybrid vigor), ar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucinia%20cadma | Lucinia cadma is a species of brush-footed butterfly (family Nymphalidae). It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica. Distinct subspecies are found on other Caribbean islands.
Description
Upper side: antennae black. Head, thorax, and abdomen dark brown. Wings tawny yellow. The anterior having the extreme parts, near the tips, black; with two yellowish spots thereon, joining the anterior edges; also a round black spot situated at the lower corners on the posterior edges. Posterior wings immaculate, except a black streak placed on the anterior edges next the upper corners.
Under side: tongue black. Breast, legs, and abdomen ash-coloured. The superior wings marked and coloured as on the upper side, but less distinctly. Posterior wings tawny orange, having a broad ash-coloured bar crossing them from the anterior to the abdominal edges. On this bar are placed two eyes, with double pupils; the lower one being of a fine blue with a yellow iris; the upper one, next the anterior edges, blue and black, with a brown iris. Margins of the wings dentated.
Wing-span 2 inches (50 mm).
Subspecies
Lucinia cadma cadma (Jamaica)
Lucinia cadma albomaculata Rindge, 1955 (Bahamas)
Lucinia cadma sida Hübner, [1823] (Cuba)
Lucinia cadma torrebia (Ménétriés, 1832) (Haiti)
References
Biblidinae
Butterflies described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Butterflies of the Caribbean
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navitaire | Navitaire LLC is a subsidiary of Amadeus IT Group. Navitaire primarily offers systems for passenger reservations, travel commerce, ancillary revenue and merchandising, as well as revenue accounting and revenue management to airlines and rail companies.
Overview
Navitaire is a subsidiary of Amadeus that provides technology services to the airline and rail industries. Its headquarters are in Minneapolis with offices in London, Manila, Salt Lake City, and Sydney. It has data centers in Minneapolis, Salt Lake City, and Sydney. David Evans has held the role of global managing director since 2013.
Navitaire has approximately 60 clients and 750 employees. it typically works with low-cost carriers (LCC) and hybrid airlines and is the leading passenger service system provider for the LCC market. As of 2014, the firm serves 43% of the top 100 LCCs, and 47% of the top 30 LCCs as measured by seats sold per week. Clients include airlines Wizz Air, Jetstar, Spirit Airlines, Azul Brazilian Airlines, HK Express, and Volaris. The company also works with railway company SNCF and its subsidiary iDTGV.
History
Navitaire was founded as PRA Solutions in 1993 by Accenture. It initially provided airline revenue accounting software and revenue protection software for airlines. The company then developed a direct-distribution platform to book airline reservations, "World Network," an alternative to the global distribution system traditionally used by travel agents to sell airline flights. In 2000, PRA Solutions purchased the Open Skies reservation system from Hewlett Packard, and in 2001, changed its name to Navitaire.
In 2002, the firm implemented codeshare technology for Virgin Blue, and the company later introduced multi-city bookings at the request of Jetstar. Following Hewlett Packard's announcement in 2001 of its plans to discontinue support for the HP3000 hardware that the Open Skies system operated on, Navitaire developed a replacement reservation system called New Skies. The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tifama | Tifama is a monotypic moth genus in the family Notodontidae (the prominent moths) erected by Francis Walker in 1855. Its only species, Tifama chera, was first described by Dru Drury in 1773. The species is known from Suriname and Brazil.
Description
Upperside: antennae setaceous (bristly). Head, thorax, and abdomen greyish russet. Wings grey-ash coloured, the anterior having a dark brown irregular line running near the posterior and external edges to the anterior near the tips. Posterior wings immaculate. Underside: the same colours as the upper, without any marks. Margins of the wings entire. Wingspan nearly inches (60 mm).
References
Notodontidae
Moths described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Monotypic moth genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimecis%20scolopaiae | Epimecis scolopaiae is a species of moth in the family Geometridae, subfamily Ennominae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica.
Description
Upper side: antennae filiform. Thorax, abdomen, and wings brownish grey; the latter varied with dark indented brown streaks and lines, contrasted with white and ash colour, crossing them from the anterior to the posterior and abdominal edges.
Under side: legs, sides, abdomen, and wings yellow wainscot-coloured. About half the anterior ones, from the tips towards the shoulders, are marked with faint dark brown lines and streaks. Posterior wings having a faintish dark brown cloud, situated near the upper corners. All the wings are deeply dentated. Wing-span nearly 3½ inches (87 mm).
Subspecies
Epimecis scolopaiae scolopaiae
Epimecis scolopaiae transitaria (Walker, 1860)
References
Boarmiini
Moths described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automation%20engineering | Automation engineering is the provision of automated solutions to physical activities and industries.
Automation engineer
Automation engineers are experts who have the knowledge and ability to design, create, develop and manage machines and systems, for example, factory automation, process automation and warehouse automation.
Automation technicians are also involved.
Scope
Automation engineering is the integration of standard engineering fields. Automatic control of various control systems for operating various systems or machines to reduce human efforts & time to increase accuracy. Automation engineers design and service electromechanical devices and systems to high-speed robotics and programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
Work and career after graduation
Graduates can work for both government and private sector entities such as industrial production,
companies that create and use automation systems, for example paper industry, automotive industry, food and agricultural industry, water treatment, and oil & gas sector such as refineries, power plants.
Job Description
Automation engineers can design, program, simulate and test automated machinery and processes, and usually are employed in industries such as the energy sector in plants, car manufacturing facilities or food processing plants and robots. Automation engineers are responsible for creating detailed design specifications and other documents, developing automation based on specific requirements for the process involved, and conforming to international standards like IEC-61508, local standards, and other process specific guidelines and specifications, simulate, test and commission electronic equipment for automation.
See also
Control engineering
Mechatronics engineering
References
Engineering disciplines
Knowledge economy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict-free%20replicated%20data%20type | In distributed computing, a conflict-free replicated data type (CRDT) is a data structure that is replicated across multiple computers in a network, with the following features:
The application can update any replica independently, concurrently and without coordinating with other replicas.
An algorithm (itself part of the data type) automatically resolves any inconsistencies that might occur.
Although replicas may have different state at any particular point in time, they are guaranteed to eventually converge.
The CRDT concept was formally defined in 2011 by Marc Shapiro, Nuno Preguiça, Carlos Baquero and Marek Zawirski. Development was initially motivated by collaborative text editing and mobile computing. CRDTs have also been used in online chat systems, online gambling, and in the SoundCloud audio distribution platform. The NoSQL distributed databases Redis, Riak and Cosmos DB have CRDT data types.
Background
Concurrent updates to multiple replicas of the same data, without coordination between the computers hosting the replicas, can result in inconsistencies between the replicas, which in the general case may not be resolvable. Restoring consistency and data integrity when there are conflicts between updates may require some or all of the updates to be entirely or partially dropped.
Accordingly, much of distributed computing focuses on the problem of how to prevent concurrent updates to replicated data. But another possible approach is optimistic replication, where all concurrent updates are allowed to go through, with inconsistencies possibly created, and the results are merged or "resolved" later. In this approach, consistency between the replicas is eventually re-established via "merges" of differing replicas. While optimistic replication might not work in the general case, there is a significant and practically useful class of data structures, CRDTs, where it does work — where it is always possible to merge or resolve concurrent updates on differe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohomological%20descent | In algebraic geometry, a cohomological descent is, roughly, a "derived" version of a fully faithful descent in the classical descent theory. This point is made precise by the below: the following are equivalent: in an appropriate setting, given a map a from a simplicial space X to a space S,
is fully faithful.
The natural transformation is an isomorphism.
The map a is then said to be a morphism of cohomological descent.
The treatment in SGA uses a lot of topos theory. Conrad's notes gives a more down-to-earth exposition.
See also
hypercovering, of which a cohomological descent is a generalization
References
SGA4 Vbis
P. Deligne, Théorie des Hodge III, Publ. Math. IHÉS 44 (1975), pp. 6–77.
External links
http://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/cohomological+descent
Algebraic geometry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-GlcNAc | O-GlcNAc (short for O-linked GlcNAc or O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine) is a reversible enzymatic post-translational modification that is found on serine and threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. The modification is characterized by a β-glycosidic bond between the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine side chains and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). O-GlcNAc differs from other forms of protein glycosylation: (i) O-GlcNAc is not elongated or modified to form more complex glycan structures, (ii) O-GlcNAc is almost exclusively found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins rather than membrane proteins and secretory proteins, and (iii) O-GlcNAc is a highly dynamic modification that turns over more rapidly than the proteins which it modifies. O-GlcNAc is conserved across metazoans.
Due to the dynamic nature of O-GlcNAc and its presence on serine and threonine residues, O-GlcNAcylation is similar to protein phosphorylation in some respects. While there are roughly 500 kinases and 150 phosphatases that regulate protein phosphorylation in humans, there are only 2 enzymes that regulate the cycling of O-GlcNAc: O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA) catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, respectively. OGT utilizes UDP-GlcNAc as the donor sugar for sugar transfer.
First reported in 1984, this post-translational modification has since been identified on over 5,000 proteins. Numerous functional roles for O-GlcNAcylation have been reported including crosstalking with serine/threonine phosphorylation, regulating protein-protein interactions, altering protein structure or enzyme activity, changing protein subcellular localization, and modulating protein stability and degradation. Numerous components of the cell's transcription machinery have been identified as being modified by O-GlcNAc, and many studies have reported links between O-GlcNAc, transcription, and epigenetics. Many other cellular processes are influenced by O-GlcNAc such as apoptosis, the cell c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CERAWeek | CERAWeek is an annual energy conference organized by the information and insights company S&P Global in Houston, Texas. The conference provides a platform for discussion on a range of energy-related topics; CERAWeek 2019 featured sessions on the world economic outlook, geopolitics, energy policy and regulation, climate change and technological innovation, among other topics. The conference features prominent speakers from energy, policy, technology, and financial industries, and is chaired by Pulitzer Prize winner Daniel Yergin, vice-chairman, IHS Markit and Jamey Rosenfield, vice chair, CERAWeek, senior vice president, IHS Markit. Both are co-founders of Cambridge Energy Research Associates.
The 39th annual CERAWeek conference, scheduled for March 9 to 13, 2020, in Houston, Texas, was canceled.
Speakers and Attendees
CERAWeek attracts executives, government officials and thought leaders from the energy, policy, technology, and financial industries to Houston each year. In 2019, there were over 5,500 delegates from over 1,000 organizations representing 85 countries. These include over 650 CEOs and Chairmen, over 1,400 C-Suite executives and over 90 ministers and government representatives. Participants encompass all regions and industry segments: oil, natural gas, electric power, coal, nuclear and renewables; as well as technology, finance, mobility and more.
Recent Speakers at CERAWeek have included:
President Bill Clinton
President George W. Bush
Prime Minister of Canada Justin Trudeau
Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi
Henry Kissinger, former US Secretary of State
Nizar Al-Adsani, chairman and managing director, Kuwait Petroleum Corporation
Vagit Alekperov, president and CEO, LUKOIL
Ben Bernanke, former chairman of the US Federal Reserve
Bob Dudley, former chief executive, BP
Khalid Al-Falih, chief executive, Saudi Aramco
Bill Gates, co-chair, Gates Foundation
John Hess, chairman and CEO, Hess Corporation
Hon. John Hickenlooper, Governor of Colorado
W |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthotype%20sospeta | Xanthotype sospeta, the crocus geometer, is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica. It is also found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia to southern British Columbia, south to Colorado and Georgia. The habitat consists of deciduous and mixedwood forests.
Description
Upperside: antennae filiform. Head pale yellow. Eyes dark brown. Tongue spiral. Thorax, abdomen, and wings pale yellow. On the posterior edges of the anterior wings are placed two faint brown streaks; one, which is smallest, being about a quarter of an inch from the shoulders, the other the same distance from the lower corners; about the same distance from the tips, on the anterior edges, is placed another very small one. Posterior wings having likewise two of these faint spots, one on the anterior, the other on the abdominal edges.
Underside: sides, breast, and abdomen pale yellow. Legs brown and yellow. Wings pale yellow, with the same spots and marks as on the upper side, but more distinct. The wings are a little angulated. Wingspan nearly inches (62 mm).
Biology
The larvae are feed on a wide variety of low-growing shrubs and herbs, including Salix, Cornus and Viburnum species. They are twig mimics.
References
Angeronini
Moths described in 1773
Taxa named by Dru Drury
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detekt | Detekt is a discontinued free tool by Amnesty International, Digitale Gesellschaft, EFF, and Privacy International to scan for surveillance software on Microsoft Windows.
It was intended for use by activists and journalists to scan for known spyware.
The tool
Detekt was available for free download.
The tool did not guarantee detection of all spyware, nor was it meant to give a false sense of security, and was meant to be used with other methods to combat malware and spyware.
In 2014, the Coalition Against Unlawful Surveillance Exports estimated that the global trade in surveillance technologies was worth more than 3 billion GBP annually.
Detekt was available in Amharic, Arabic, English, German, Italian, and Spanish.
Technical
The tool required no installation, and was designed to scan for surveillance software on Windows PCs, from XP to Windows 8.1.
The tool scanned for current surveillance software, and after scanning, it would display a summary indicating if any spyware was found or not. It would generate a log file containing the details.
The tool did not guarantee absolute protection from surveillance software, as it scanned for known spyware (at the time of release), which could be modified to circumvent detection, or as new software would become available. Therefore, a clean bill of health didn't necessarily mean that the PC was free of surveillance software.
The website instructed the user to disconnect the internet connection, and close all applications, before running, and not to turn the connection back on if any spyware was found.
Detekt was released under the GPLv3 free license.
Detekt was developed by Claudio Guarnieri with the help of Bill Marczak, Morgan Marquis-Boire, Eva Galperin, Tanya O'Carroll, Andre Meister, Jillian York, Michael Ligh, Endalkachew Chala.
It was provided with patterns for the following malware: DarkComet RAT, XtremeRAT, BlackShades RAT, njRAT, FinFisher FinSpy, HackingTeam RCS, ShadowTech RAT, Gh0st RAT.
See also
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letis%20hercyna | Letis hercyna is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica.
Description
Upper side: antennae filiform, brown, and thread-like. Head, thorax, abdomen, and wings greyish brown. The anterior wings having about two-thirds, next the shoulders, of a lighter brown, being separated from the darker part by a narrow, black, undulated line, similar to one which runs along the external edges from the tips to the lower corners; near the shoulders are placed two brown spots on each wing, one round, the other squarish. Posterior wings having two narrow, black, undulated lines crossing them, one next the external edges, the other about a quarter of an inch above them; the latter being edged with white.
Under side: palpi, breast, and sides greyish brown. Tongue spiral. Anterior wings rather lighter than on the upper side; having a dark undulated line crossing them, near the middle, from the anterior to the posterior edges; near the shoulders are two brown spots, one exactly like a comma, the other round and smaller; a white streak, edged at the top with brown, is placed near the lower corners; and along the external edges is a row of faint angulated brown spots placed over each scallop. Posterior wings greyish brown; having a small, square, brown spot near the shoulders, and a patch of a whitish colour at the upper corners. A dark brown undulated line, edged with white, begins near the middle of the anterior edges, which crossing the wings ends at the extremity of the body; and along the external edges runs a series of brown spots, placed over each scollop. All the wings are dentated. Wing-span nearly 4¼ inches (108 mm).
References
Moths described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Thermesiini
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%20map | In theoretical physics, the Jordan map, often also called the Jordan–Schwinger map is a map from matrices to bilinear expressions of quantum oscillators which expedites computation of representations of Lie algebras occurring in physics. It was introduced by Pascual Jordan in 1935 and was utilized by Julian Schwinger in 1952 to re-work out the theory of quantum angular momentum efficiently, given that map’s ease of organizing the (symmetric) representations of su(2) in Fock space.
The map utilizes several creation and annihilation operators
and of routine use in quantum field theories and many-body problems, each pair representing a quantum harmonic oscillator.
The commutation relations of creation and annihilation operators in a multiple-boson system are,
where is the commutator and is the Kronecker delta.
These operators change the eigenvalues of the number operator,
,
by one, as for multidimensional quantum harmonic oscillators.
The Jordan map from a set of matrices to Fock space bilinear operators ,
is clearly a Lie algebra isomorphism, i.e. the operators satisfy the same commutation relations as the matrices .
The example of angular momentum
For example, the image of the Pauli matrices of SU(2) in this map,
for two-vector a†s, and as satisfy the same commutation relations of SU(2) as well, and moreover, by reliance on the completeness relation for Pauli matrices,
This is the starting point of Schwinger’s treatment of the theory of quantum angular momentum, predicated on the action of these operators on Fock states built of arbitrary higher powers of such operators. For instance, acting on an (unnormalized) Fock eigenstate,
while
so that, for , this is proportional to the eigenstate ,
Observe and , as well as .
Fermions
Antisymmetric representations of Lie algebras can further be accommodated by use of the fermionic operators
and , as also suggested by Jordan. For fermions, the commutator is replaced by the anticommut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staggered%20tuning | Staggered tuning is a technique used in the design of multi-stage tuned amplifiers whereby each stage is tuned to a slightly different frequency. In comparison to synchronous tuning (where each stage is tuned identically) it produces a wider bandwidth at the expense of reduced gain. It also produces a sharper transition from the passband to the stopband. Both staggered tuning and synchronous tuning circuits are easier to tune and manufacture than many other filter types.
The function of stagger-tuned circuits can be expressed as a rational function and hence they can be designed to any of the major filter responses such as Butterworth and Chebyshev. The poles of the circuit are easy to manipulate to achieve the desired response because of the amplifier buffering between stages.
Applications include television IF amplifiers (mostly 20th century receivers) and wireless LAN.
Rationale
Staggered tuning improves the bandwidth of a multi-stage tuned amplifier at the expense of the overall gain. Staggered tuning also increases the steepness of passband skirts and hence improves selectivity.
The value of staggered tuning is best explained by first looking at the shortcomings of tuning every stage identically. This method is called synchronous tuning. Each stage of the amplifier will reduce the bandwidth. In an amplifier with multiple identical stages, the of the response after the first stage will become the points of the second stage. Each successive stage will add a further to what was the band edge of the first stage. Thus the bandwidth becomes progressively narrower with each additional stage.
As an example, a four-stage amplifier will have its points at the points of an individual stage. The fractional bandwidth of an LC circuit is given by,
where m is the power ratio of the power at resonance to that at the band edge frequency (equal to 2 for the point and 1.19 for the point) and Q is the quality factor.
The bandwidth is thus reduced by a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence%20poset | In mathematics, an incidence poset or incidence order is a type of partially ordered set that represents the incidence relation between vertices and edges of an undirected graph. The incidence poset of a graph G has an element for each vertex or edge in G; in this poset, there is an order relation x ≤ y if and only if either x = y or x is a vertex, y is an edge, and x is an endpoint of y.
Example
As an example, a zigzag poset or fence with an odd number of elements, with alternating order relations a < b > c < d... is an incidence poset of a path graph.
Properties
Every incidence poset of a non-empty graph has height two. Its width equals the number of edges plus the number of acyclic connected components.
Incidence posets have been particularly studied with respect to their order dimension, and its relation to the properties of the underlying graph. The incidence poset of a connected graph G has order dimension at most two if and only if G is a path graph, and has order dimension at most three if and only if G is at most planar (Schnyder's theorem). However, graphs whose incidence posets have order dimension 4 may be dense and may have unbounded chromatic number. Every complete graph on n vertices, and by extension every graph on n vertices, has an incidence poset with order dimension O(log log n). If an incidence poset has high dimension then it must contain copies of the incidence posets of all small trees either as sub-orders or as the duals of sub-orders.
References
Graph theory
Order theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regeneration%20in%20humans | Regeneration in humans is the regrowth of lost tissues or organs in response to injury. This is in contrast to wound healing, or partial regeneration, which involves closing up the injury site with some gradation of scar tissue. Some tissues such as skin, the vas deferens, and large organs including the liver can regrow quite readily, while others have been thought to have little or no capacity for regeneration following an injury.
Numerous tissues and organs have been induced to regenerate. Bladders have been 3D-printed in the lab since 1999. Skin tissue can be regenerated in vivo or in vitro. Other organs and body parts that have been procured to regenerate include: penis, fats, vagina, brain tissue, thymus, and a scaled down human heart. One goal of scientists is to induce full regeneration in more human organs.
There are various techniques that can induce regeneration. By 2016, regeneration of tissue had been induced and operationalized by science. There are four main techniques: regeneration by instrument; regeneration by materials; regeneration by drugs and regeneration by in vitro 3D printing.
History of human tissue
In humans with non-injured tissues, the tissue naturally regenerates over time; by default, new available cells replace expended cells. For example, the body regenerates a full bone within ten years, while non-injured skin tissue is regenerated within two weeks. With injured tissue, the body usually has a different response. This emergency response usually involves building a degree of scar tissue over a time period longer than a regenerative response, as has been proven clinically and via observation. There are many more historical and nuanced understandings about regeneration processes. In full thickness wounds that are under 2mm, regeneration generally occurs before scarring. In 2008, in full thickness wounds over 3mm, it was found that a wound needed a material inserted in order to induce full tissue regeneration.
Whereas 3rd degree bur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-constructive%20algorithm%20existence%20proofs | The vast majority of positive results about computational problems are constructive proofs, i.e., a computational problem is proved to be solvable by showing an algorithm that solves it; a computational problem is shown to be in P (complexity) by showing an algorithm that solves it in time that is polynomial in the size of the input; etc.
However, there are several non-constructive results, where an algorithm is proved to exist without showing the algorithm itself. Several techniques are used to provide such existence proofs.
Using an unknown finite set
In combinatorial game theory
A simple example of a non-constructive algorithm was published in 1982 by Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John H. Conway, and Richard K. Guy, in their book Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays. It concerns the game of Sylver Coinage, in which players take turns specifying a positive integer that cannot be expressed as a sum of previously specified values, with a player losing when they are forced to specify the number 1. There exists an algorithm (given in the book as a flow chart) for determining whether a given first move is winning or losing: if it is a prime number greater than three, or one of a finite set of 3-smooth numbers, then it is a winning first move, and otherwise it is losing. However, the finite set is not known.
In graph theory
Non-constructive algorithm proofs for problems in graph theory were studied beginning in 1988 by Michael Fellows and Michael Langston.
A common question in graph theory is whether a certain input graph has a certain property. For example:
Input: a graph G.
Question: Can G be embedded in a 3-dimensional space, such that no two disjoint cycles of G are topologically linked (as in links of a chain)?
There is a highly exponential algorithm that decides whether two cycles embedded in a 3d-space are linked, and one could test all pairs of cycles in the graph, but it is not obvious how to account for all possible embeddings in a 3d-space. Thus, it is a-pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMPLY%20gate | The IMPLY gate is a digital logic gate that implements a logical conditional.
Symbols
There are two symbols for IMPLY gates: the traditional symbol and the IEEE symbol. For more information see Logic gate symbols.
The logic symbol → can be used to denote IMPLY in algebraic expressions.
See also
NIMPLY gate
AND gate
NOT gate
NAND gate
NOR gate
XOR gate
XNOR gate
Boolean algebra (logic)
Logic gates
Logic gates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20vector%20identities | There are two lists of mathematical identities related to vectors:
Vector algebra relations — regarding operations on individual vectors such as dot product, cross product, etc.
Vector calculus identities — regarding operations on vector fields such as divergence, gradient, curl, etc. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20volume%20method%20for%20three-dimensional%20diffusion%20problem | Finite volume method (FVM) is a numerical method. FVM in computational fluid dynamics is used to solve the partial differential equation which arises from the physical conservation law by using discretisation. Convection is always followed by diffusion and hence where convection is considered we have to consider combine effect of convection and diffusion. But in places where fluid flow plays a non-considerable role we can neglect the convective effect of the flow. In this case we have to consider more simplistic case of only diffusion. The general equation for steady convection-diffusion can be easily derived from the general transport equation for property by deleting transient.
General transport equation is defined as:
…………………………………………….1
Where,
is a conservative form of all fluid flow,
is density,
is a net rate of flow of out of fluid element represents convective term,
is a transient term,
is a rate of change of due to diffusion,
is a rate of increase of due to source.
Due to steady state condition transient term becomes zero and due to absence of convection convective term becomes zero, therefore steady state three- dimensional convection and diffusion equation becomes:
………………………………………………………….2
Therefore,
…………………………………………………………………….3
Flow should also satisfy continuity equation therefore,
………………………………………………………………………………………………………4
To solve the problem we will follow following general steps
Grid formation:
1. Divide the domain into discrete control volume.
2. Place the nodal point between end points defining the physical boundaries. Boundaries/ faces of the control volume are created midway between adjacent nodes.
3. Set up the control volume near the edge of domain such that physical as well as control volume boundaries will coincide with each other.
4. Considering a general nodal point P accompanied by six neighboring nodal point ‘E’ (which represent east), ‘W’ (which represent west), ‘N’ (which represent north), ‘S’ (which re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AnTuTu | AnTuTu () is a software benchmarking tool commonly used to benchmark smartphones and other devices. It is owned by Chinese company Cheetah Mobile.
Operations
The company developing the software is based in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and was cofounded by Chinese entrepreneurs Shào Yīng (邵英) and Liáng Bīn (梁斌). They started multi-platform development, releasing a linux version in May and a windows version with ray tracing support in August. But note that the linux version currently only supports the x86 architecture.
Circumvention
The AnTuTu benchmark is so common that some hardware manufacturers have cheated on the benchmark, which made the benchmark unreliable.
In response to cheating, AnTuTu created a new benchmark, called AnTuTu X, which made it more difficult for manufacturers to cheat on the benchmark.
Despite the changes introduced by AnTuTu X, cheating continued to be rampant; for instance, in 2021, AnTuTu delisted (and for three months, banned) the Realme GT after evidence was discovered that the phone was found to have used delay tactics in multithreading performance tests, as well as modifying the reference JPEG image for image processing tests.
Versions
Versions of AnTuTu
References
External links
Benchmarks (computing)
Chinese brands
Companies based in Beijing
Privately held companies of China |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sternotomis%20mirabilis | Sternotomis mirabilis is a genus of long-horned beetle belonging to the family Cerambycidae. It was first described in 1773 by Dru Drury from Sierra Leone.
Description
Varied with beautiful green and black colours, the former exceedingly bright. Head green, with two others running downwards from the eyes. Jaws with the upper part green, the extremities black, with four green palpi. Antennae black, ten-jointed, the basal joint being thickest. Thorax green, with black streaks running round it, the sides terminating in an obtuse point. Scutellum very small, black, and triangular. Elytra black and margined, beautifully streaked and spotted with green: the streaks running across the anterior part, the spots placed near the extremities. Abdomen green, with black rings. Legs green, streaked with black. Tarsi green at top, brown beneath. Body length a little less than an inch (22 mm).
References
Sternotomini
Beetles described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopocera%20bipunctata | Prosopocera bipunctata is a species of flat-faced longhorn beetles in the subfamily Lamiinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773, from Sierra Leone.
Description
General colour brownish grey. Head deep and grey; one of the sexes having a remarkable thick and strong tubercle issuing from the middle of the face, terminating in two black acute angles, like horns. Mouth armed with two strong black jaws, and four grey palpi. Antennae grey, and longer than the insect. Thorax grey, the sides terminating in a thick spine; having a broad, white streak crossing it on each side, and extending along the abdomen, beyond the middle legs, narrowing to its extremity. Scutellum small and triangular. Elytra grey and margined, having two round black spots on each, the largest placed about the middle near the suture; the other (a small one) is on this side joined to the margin. A cream-coloured spot is situated just below the former, which extends from thence to the lateral margin. Legs grey, without any spines or marks. Body length 1¼ inches (32 mm).
References
Prosopocerini
Beetles described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrhaphis%20spinosa | Polyrhaphis spinosa is a species of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773.
Description
Head and antennae brown, the latter about the length of the insect. Thorax lighter brown and rough, terminating on the sides in two very long and sharp spines, bending upwards; on the middle are two others that are more obtuse and thick, with a small bump or rising behind them. Scutellum black. Elytra brown on the middle and sides, but at their extremities grey, terminating in two long spines. A row of small but sharp spines runs on each side the suture, from the middle almost to the scutellum; and along the sides runs another row from the anterior corners almost to the extremities. Six others are placed on each side the scutellum, running towards the middle in regular order; and on the remaining parts of the wing cases are placed a great number of small pustules, that are to be discerned only by the help of a microscope. Legs brown. Tibiae marked with grey. Body length a little more than an inch (28 mm).
References
Polyrhaphidini
Beetles described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanophase%20ceramic | Nanophase ceramics are ceramics that are nanophase materials (that is, materials that have grain sizes under 100 nanometers).
They have the potential for superplastic deformation. Because of the small grain size and added grain boundaries properties such as ductility, hardness, and reactivity see drastic changes from ceramics with larger grains.
Structure
The structure of nanophase ceramics is not too different than that of ceramics. The main difference is the amount of surface area per mass. Particles of ceramics have small surface areas, but when those particles are shrunk to within a few nanometers, the surface area of the same amount of a mass of a ceramic greatly increases. So in general, nanophase materials have greater surface areas than that of a similar mass material at a larger scale. This is important because if the surface area is very large the particles can be in contact with more of their surroundings, which in turn increases the reactivity of the material. The reactivity of a material changes the material's mechanical properties and chemical properties, among many other things. This is especially true in nanophase ceramics.
Properties
Nanophase ceramics have unique properties than regular ceramics due to their improved reactivity. Nanophase ceramics exhibit different mechanical properties than their counterpart such as higher hardness, higher fracture toughness, and high ductility. These properties are far from ceramics which behave as brittle, low ductile materials.
Titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide (), has been shown to have increased hardness and ductility at the nanoscale. In an experiment, grains of titanium dioxide that had an average size of 12 nanometers were compressed at 1.4 GPa and sintered at 200 °C. The result was a grain hardness of about 2.2 times greater than that of grains of titanium dioxide with an average size of 1.3 micrometers at the same temperature and pressure. In the same experiment, the ductility of titanium |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrogradsky%20instability | In applied mathematics, the Ostrogradsky instability is a feature of some solutions of theories having equations of motion with more than two time derivatives (higher-derivative theories). It is suggested by a theorem of Mikhail Ostrogradsky in classical mechanics according to which a non-degenerate Lagrangian dependent on time derivatives higher than the first corresponds to a Hamiltonian unbounded from below. As usual, the Hamiltonian is associated with the Lagrangian via a Legendre transform. The Ostrogradsky instability has been proposed as an explanation as to why no differential equations of higher order than two appear to describe physical phenomena.
However, Ostrogradsky's theorem does not imply that all solutions of higher-derivative theories are unstable as many counterexamples are known.
Outline of proof
The main points of the proof can be made clearer by considering a one-dimensional system with a Lagrangian . The Euler–Lagrange equation is
Non-degeneracy of means that the canonical coordinates can be expressed in terms of the derivatives of and vice versa. Thus, is a function of (if it were not, the Jacobian would vanish, which would mean that is degenerate), meaning that we can write or, inverting, . Since the evolution of depends upon four initial parameters, this means that there are four canonical coordinates. We can write those as
and by using the definition of the conjugate momentum,
The above results can be obtained as follows. First, we rewrite the Lagrangian into "ordinary" form by introducing a Lagrangian multiplier as a new dynamic variable
,
from which, the Euler-Lagrangian equations for read
,
,
,
Now, the canonical momentum with respect to are readily shown to be
while
These are precisely the definitions given above by Ostrogradski.
One may proceed further to evaluate the Hamiltonian
,
where one makes use of the above Euler-Lagrangian equations for the second equality.
We note that due to non-degeneracy, we can write |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technics%20Digital%20Link | The Technics Digital Link interface was introduced by Panasonic at the Internationale Funkausstellung 2014 in Berlin as an integral part of the new "R1 Reference Class" of audio components. At the same time, Panasonic relaunched the Technics brand itself.
At the moment, only two devices are announced with this interface, the SE-R1 stereo power amplifier and the SU-R1 network audio control player/preamp.
Design
As can be seen on the product images, the Technics Digital Link uses some kind of RJ45-styled connector and therefore most likely twisted pair cables with an unknown set of pairs.
The interface transmits digital audio data at a sample frequency of 192 kbit/s with 32-bit resolution together with some control data. The so called "VR control data" is used to adjust the output volume inside the power amp rather than in the pre-amplifier, which would be the case in analogue setups.
The left and right channels of digital audio are transmitted on separate digital links and cables which seems very unusual compared to S/PDIF, for example. If Cat.3 unshielded twisted pair cable will be used to connect the components, the cable itself would be suitable for bandwidths up to 16 MHz.
The connectors are clearly labeled as "IN" and "OUT", so the connections between the audio components will most likely be unidirectional point-to-point connections.
References
External links
official site
Technics Hi-Fi Audio
Digital audio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaeana%20maculata | Gaeana maculata is the type species of cicadas in the genus Gaeana. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773, from China.
Description
Upper side: head black. Eyes yellow brown, round, and projecting from the head a little; between them are two small orange spots. Antennae small and short. Thorax black, with four orange spots in a row, placed across it, and behind them two others. Abdomen black, consisting of seven annuli or rings, besides the tail part, the last of which is edged with orange. Anus orange-coloured, and furnished with a bristle for oviposition. Wings black, spotted, and streaked with orange; the anterior having a row of streaks along the external edges, and five distinct orange spots crossing the middle, near the shoulders: the posterior having a large orange patch on the abdominal edges, and a small round spot above it, with five small fainter ones placed along the external edges.
Under side: head black, terminating in a long slender beak, which extends between the legs, to the abdomen; two small orange spots are placed just below the eyes. Thorax with an orange spot on each side. Legs and abdomen black; the latter having six orange spots, three on each side. Wings as on the upper side. Wing-span 3¾ inches (95 mm).
References
Gaeanini
Insects described in 1773
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Insects of China
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio-frequency%20skin%20tightening | Radio-frequency skin tightening is an aesthetic technique that uses radio frequency (RF) energy to heat skin with the purpose of stimulating cutaneous collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid production in order to reduce the appearance of fine lines and loose skin. The technique induces tissue remodeling and production of new collagen and elastin. The process provides an alternative to facelift and other cosmetic surgeries.
By manipulating skin cooling during treatment, RF can also be used for heating and reduction of fat. Currently, the most common uses of RF-based devices are to noninvasively manage and treat skin tightening of lax skin (including sagging jowls, abdomen, thighs, and arms), as well as wrinkle reduction, cellulite improvement, and body contouring.
Several companies manufacture RF devices, including D-Finitive Thermage by Solta Medical, Evo by Beco Medical V-Form by Viora, Venus Freeze Plus, Venus Legacy by Venus Concept, VelaShape by Syneron, Exilis by BTL, and 3DEEP by Endymed. Microneedle radiofrequency is the latest form of delivery and devices include Profound by Candela lasers, Fractora, Intensif, Thermia Ablative RF Fractional by Melorin Group and Genius by Lutronic. Alternative techniques include Laser Resurfacing and certain Ultrasound alternatives. Novel non-invasive versions of radiofrequency delivery include tripolar devices such as Tripolar by Lumenis and Triactive by DEKA. Devices have different penetration depths depending on the number of electrodes (monopolar, bipolar, or unipolar).
The ideal target temperature in the dermis for inducing dermal remodeling and wrinkle and laxity reduction was shown to be 67 °C. By delivering radiofrequency power until this target temperature is attained, clinical outcomes are optimized.
Microneedle radiofrequency has also been FDA-approved for cellulite reduction using vertically penetrating needles that target the subnormal plane.
Side effects
Due to radiation of high-energy radio frequency, se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regin%20%28malware%29 | Regin (also known as Prax or QWERTY) is a sophisticated malware and hacking toolkit used by United States' National Security Agency (NSA) and its British counterpart, the Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). It was first publicly revealed by Kaspersky Lab, Symantec, and The Intercept in November 2014. The malware targets specific users of Microsoft Windows-based computers and has been linked to the US intelligence-gathering agency NSA and its British counterpart, the GCHQ. The Intercept provided samples of Regin for download, including malware discovered at a Belgian telecommunications provider, Belgacom. Kaspersky Lab says it first became aware of Regin in spring 2012, but some of the earliest samples date from 2003. (The name Regin is first found on the VirusTotal website on 9 March 2011.) Among computers infected worldwide by Regin, 28 percent were in Russia, 24 percent in Saudi Arabia, 9 percent each in Mexico and Ireland, and 5 percent in each of India, Afghanistan, Iran, Belgium, Austria, and Pakistan.
Kaspersky has said the malware's main victims are private individuals, small businesses and telecom companies. Regin has been compared to Stuxnet and is thought to have been developed by "well-resourced teams of developers", possibly a Western government, as a targeted multi-purpose data collection tool.
According to Die Welt, security experts at Microsoft gave it the name "Regin" in 2011, after the cunning Norse dwarf Regin.
Operation
Regin uses a modular approach allowing it to load features that exactly fit the target, enabling customized spying. The design makes it highly suited for persistent, long-term mass surveillance operations against targets.
Regin is stealthy and does not store multiple files on the infected system; instead it uses its own encrypted virtual file system (EVFS) entirely contained within what looks like a single file with an innocuous name to the host, within which files are identified only by a numeric code, not a name. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking%20Panda | Parking Panda was an online parking service that allowed drivers to find and reserve parking in advance. In addition to providing drivers with mobile and web applications to find parking, they also helped parking garage owners manage their inventory. Parking Panda was headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.
In April 2017, SpotHero acquired Parking Panda. The acquisition expanded SpotHero into Canada, and brought the number of parking locations the combined company can reserve to over 5,000. Parking Panda maintained a separate reservation system and app for some time after that but the service was eventually sunsetted in favor of SpotHero.
History
Nick Miller and Adam Zilberbaum founded Parking Panda at the first Maryland Startup Weekend in 2011.
After taking first place at Maryland Startup Weekend, Miller and Zilberbaum were accepted into the inaugural ER Accelerator Summer 2011 program in New York City. During the program, they built out their first online and mobile platform that allows drivers to reserve daily parking. They later added monthly and event parking at private garages, lots and valets.
Services
Coupled with their online reservation platform, Parking Panda also provided a free iOS and Android mobile application, and a Windows desktop application.
Parking Panda also provided a platform for owners to manage their parking operations.
Partnerships
In addition to partnering with garage owners, Parking Panda partnered with companies, events, and venues. Notable partnerships included Amtrak, MLB.com, professional sports teams, the Target Center, and the Verizon Center.
Media coverage
Parking Panda has been featured by major publications including the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Mashable, Slate, and Tech Crunch.
References
External links
ParkingPanda.com
Companies based in Baltimore
Online services
American companies established in 2011
2011 establishments in Maryland
Internet properties established in 2011
Transport companies established |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilized%20soil%20mixing%20plant | A stabilized soil mixing plant is a combination of kinds of machines used for mixing stabilized soil, which is used for highway construction, municipal road projects, and fertile airport areas. The plant produces stabilized soil with different gradings in a continuous way. Such a plant usually contains a cement silo, measuring and conveying system, and mixing devices.
Stabilized soil
Stabilized soil is a mixture of lime, cement, coal ash, soil, sand, and other aggregates.
Classification
Stabilized soil mixing plants are of two kinds: the portable stabilized soil mixing plant and the stationary stabilized soil mixing plant. The portable stabilized soil mixing plant has wheels on each part and can be driven by a trailer, but has low productivity. The stationary plant has larger productivity but is less flexible, and needs a firm groundwork.
Operating principle
All aggregates like lime, sand, soil, coal ash, and other materials are loaded into batching hoppers by a loading machine. After measuring, the belt feeder transports the aggregates into a mixing device. Meanwhile, stabilizing powders like lime or cement are transferred from a powder material warehouse to the batch hopper by a spiral conveyor, and then moved to the belt feeder by a powder material feeder. All ingredients then go into the mixing device for final processing. Finally, the feeding belt conveyor takes the final product and delivers it to the storage warehouse.
Manufacturing buildings and structures
Industrial machinery
Soil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nocturnal%20bottleneck | The nocturnal bottleneck hypothesis is a hypothesis to explain several mammalian traits. In 1942, Gordon Lynn Walls described this concept which states that placental mammals were mainly or even exclusively nocturnal through most of their evolutionary history, starting with their origin 225 million years ago, and only ending with the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago. While some mammal groups have later evolved to fill diurnal niches, the approximately 160 million years spent as nocturnal animals has left a lasting legacy on basal anatomy and physiology, and most mammals are still nocturnal.
Evolution of mammals
Mammals evolved from cynodonts, a group of superficially dog-like synapsids in the wake of the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. The emerging archosaurian groups that flourished after the extinction, including crocodiles and dinosaurs and their ancestors, drove the remaining larger cynodonts into extinction, leaving only the smaller forms. The surviving cynodonts could only succeed in niches with minimal competition from the diurnal dinosaurs, evolving into the typical small-bodied insectivorous dwellers of the nocturnal undergrowth. While the early mammals continued to develop into several probably quite common groups of animals during the Mesozoic, they all remained relatively small and nocturnal.
Only with the massive extinction at the end of the Cretaceous did the dinosaurs leave the stage open for the establishment of a new fauna of mammals. Despite this, mammals continued to be small-bodied for millions of years. While all the largest animals alive today are mammals, the majority of mammals are still small nocturnal animals.
Mammalian nocturnal adaptions
Several different features of mammalian physiology appear to be adaptations to a nocturnal lifestyle, mainly related to the sensory organs. These include:
Senses
Acute sense of hearing, including coiling cochleae, external pinnae and auditory ossicles.
Very good sense of sm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt-Ergo | Alt-Ergo is an automatic solver for mathematical formulas, specifically designed for program verification. It is based on satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) and distributed under an open-source license (CeCILL-C). Alt-Ergo was developed by researchers at Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Inria Saclay Ile-de-France, and CNRS. Alt-Ergo has been overseen by the OCamlPro company since 2013.
Technologies
Design choices
Alt-Ergo employs a specific input language with prenex polymorphism. This language helps to reduce the number of quantified axioms and the complexity of problems. Alt-Ergo also partially supports the SMT-LIB 2 language, but is less efficient when dealing with SMT files.
Main components
The core of Alt-Ergo is made of three parts: a DFS-based SAT solver, a quantifiers instantiation engine based on E-Matching, and a combination of decision procedures for a set of built-in theories.
Built-in theories
Alt-Ergo implements (semi-)decision procedures for the following theories:
empty theory
linear integer arithmetic
linear rational arithmetic
non-linear arithmetic
floating point arithmetic
polymorphic arrays
enumerated datatypes
AC symbols
record datatypes
Industrial uses
There are several verification platforms built on top of Alt-Ergo:
Why3, a platform for deductive program verification, uses Alt-Ergo as its main prover;
CAVEAT, a C-verifier developed by CEA and used by Airbus; Alt-Ergo was included in the qualification DO-178C of one of its aircraft;
Frama-C, a framework to analyse C-code, uses Alt-Ergo in the Jessie and WP plugins (dedicated to "deductive program verification");
SPARK, uses Alt-Ergo (behind GNATprove) to automate the verification of some assertions in Spark 2014;
Atelier-B can use Alt-Ergo instead of its main prover (increasing success from 84% to 98% on the ANR Bware project benchmarks);
Rodin, a B-method framework developed by Systerel, can use Alt-Ergo as a back-end;
Cubicle, an open source model checke |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20SPARQL%20implementations | This list shows notable triplestores, APIs, and other storage engines that have implemented the W3C SPARQL standard.
Amazon Neptune
Apache Marmotta
AllegroGraph
Eclipse RDF4J
Apache Jena with ARQ
Blazegraph
Cray Urika-GD
IBM Db2 - Removed in v11.5.
KAON2
MarkLogic
Mulgara
NitrosBase
Ontotext GraphDB
Oracle DB Enterprise Spatial & Graph
RDFLib Python library
Redland / Redstore
Virtuoso
See also
Comparison of structured storage software
Computer languages
Data modeling languages
Declarative programming languages
Query languages
RDF data access
Resource Description Framework
Web services
World Wide Web Consortium standards
SPARQL |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Production%20control | Within supply chain management and manufacturing, production control is the activity of monitoring and controlling any particular production or operation. Production control is often run from a specific control room or operations room. With inventory control and quality control, production control is one of the key functions of operations management.
Overview
Production control is the activity of monitoring and controlling a large physical facility or physically dispersed service. It is a "set of actions and decision taken during production to regulate output and obtain reasonable assurance that the specification will be met." The American Production and Inventory Control Society, nowadays APICS, defined production control in 1959 as:
Production control is the task of predicting, planning and scheduling work, taking into account manpower, materials availability and other capacity restrictions, and cost so as to achieve proper quality and quantity at the time it is needed and then following up the schedule to see that the plan is carried out, using whatever systems have proven satisfactory for the purpose.
Production planning and control in larger factories is often run from a production planning department run by production controllers and a production control manager. Production monitoring and control of larger operations is often run from a central space, called a control room or operations room or operations control center (OCC).
The emerging area of Project Production Management (PPM), based on viewing project activities as a production system, adopts the same notion of production control to take steps to regulate the behavior of a production system where in this case the production system is a capital project, rather than a physical facility or a physically dispersed service.
Production control is to be contrasted with project controls. As explained, project controls have developed to become centralized functions to track project progress and identify devi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YCSB | The Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB) is an open-source specification and program suite for evaluating retrieval and maintenance capabilities of computer programs. It is often used to compare the relative performance of NoSQL database management systems.
The original benchmark was developed by workers in the research division of Yahoo! who released it in 2010 with the stated goal of "facilitating performance comparisons of the new generation
of cloud data serving systems", particularly for transaction-processing workloads which differed from ones measured by benchmarks designed for more traditional database management systems.
YCSB was contrasted with the TPC-H benchmark from the Transaction Processing Performance Council, with YCSB being called a big data benchmark while TPC-H is a decision support system benchmark.
YCSB was used by DBMS vendors for "benchmark marketing". It has been used in scholarly or tutorial discussions, particularly for Apache HBase. It has been used for multiple-product comparisons by industry observers such as Network World (comparing Cassandra, MongoDB, and Riak), Thumbtack Technologies (comparing Aerospike, Cassandra, Couchbase, and MongoDB), and the Polytechnic Institute and University of Coimbra (comparing Cassandra, HBase, Elasticsearch, MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, OrientDB, Redis, Scalaris, Tarantool, and Voldemort). SanDisk Corporation published results measured on the Oracle NoSQL Database.
Implementations
Original Java Implementation
GoLang Implementation
C++ Implementation for LevelDB, RocksDB, LMDB Embedded Key-Value Stores
C++ Implementation for LevelDB, RocksDB, LMDB, WiredTiger, and UDisk Embedded Key-Value Stores
References
2010 software
Benchmarks (computing)
Yahoo! |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuned%20amplifier | A tuned amplifier is an electronic amplifier which includes bandpass filtering components within the amplifier circuitry. They are widely used in a variety of wireless applications.
Schemes
There are several tuning schemes in use,
Staggered tuning where each amplifier stage is tuned to a slightly different frequency.
Synchronous tuning (explained in more detail in the staggered tuning article) where each amplifier stage is tuned identically. This scheme maximises the amplifier gain but has narrower bandwidth than staggered tuning.
Double-tuned amplifier. This scheme is used on amplifier stages that are transformer-coupled rather than capacitor coupled. Both the primary and secondary coils of the transformer are tuned. This has the effect of widening the bandwidth. Other tuning schemes are sometimes called single-tuned to distinguish them.
Variable tuning
The RF amplifier stages of radio receivers require variable tuning to select the station, usually achieved by using variable capacitors in the resonant circuits. The tuning of all stages of the RF amplifier have to be kept in step along with the frequency of the local oscillator. This may be done by mechanically linking the capacitors, or electronically using varicap diodes as capacitors. Since linked tuning becomes more difficult as the number of stages increase, the number of RF stages is kept to a minimum with most of the tuning happening in the IF stages. The IF amplifier operates at a fixed frequency making tuning much easier.
References
Carr, Joseph J., The Technician's Radio Receiver Handbook, Newnes, 2001 .
Pederson, Donald O.; Mayaram, Kartikeya, Analog Integrated Circuits for Communication, p. 259, Springer, 2007 .
Gulati, R. R., Monochrome and Colour Television, p. 432, New Age International, 2007 .
Electronic amplifiers
Signal processing filter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-tuned%20amplifier | A double-tuned amplifier is a tuned amplifier with transformer coupling between the amplifier stages in which the inductances of both the primary and secondary windings are tuned separately with a capacitor across each. The scheme results in a wider bandwidth and steeper skirts than a single tuned circuit would achieve.
There is a critical value of transformer coupling coefficient at which the frequency response of the amplifier is maximally flat in the passband and the gain is maximum at the resonant frequency. Designs frequently use a coupling greater than this (over-coupling) in order to achieve an even wider bandwidth at the expense of a small loss of gain in the centre of the passband.
Cascading multiple stages of double-tuned amplifiers results in a reduction of the bandwidth of the overall amplifier. Two stages of double-tuned amplifier have 80% of the bandwidth of a single stage. An alternative to double tuning that avoids this loss of bandwidth is staggered tuning. Stagger-tuned amplifiers can be designed to a prescribed bandwidth that is greater than the bandwidth of any single stage. However, staggered tuning requires more stages and has lower gain than double tuning.
Typical circuit
The circuit shown consists of two stages of amplifier in common emitter topology. The bias resistors all serve their usual functions. The input of the first stage is coupled in the conventional way with a series capacitor to avoid affecting the bias. However, the collector load consists of a transformer which serves as the inter-stage coupling instead of capacitors. The windings of the transformer have inductance. Capacitors placed across the transformer windings form resonant circuits which provide the tuning of the amplifier.
A further detail that may be seen in this kind of amplifier is the presence of taps on the transformer windings. These are used for the input and output connections of the transformer rather than the top of the windings. This is done |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocom%20Corporation | Eurocom Corporation is a Canadian computer developer of high performance notebooks and laptops.
History
Eurocom was founded in 1989 as a company designing desktop replacement notebooks. To achieve this they used CPUs intended for desktop computers in their notebooks. In May 2013 Eurocom began to sell laptops through Future Shop's online retail store.
Background
Eurocom structures laptop design and building around units that it claims are "highly configurable and easily upgradable." Another Eurocom philosophy is "creating computers that push technology forward" and the company claims to have a series of industry firsts as a result. Eurocom offers a series of specialized computers such as Trusted Platform Module notebooks, and Mobile Servers.
Eurocom has been awarded the "Intel Form Factor Solution Innovation Award" In addition to other awards from various publications.
References
External links
Official website
Eurocom Europe
Canadian companies established in 1989
Companies based in Ottawa
Computer hardware companies
Electronics companies of Canada
Canadian brands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California%20Avocado%20Society | The California Avocado Society is a non-profit organization based in Southern California that provides access to information on cultural, marketing, research and governmental issues for growers in the business of raising avocados. The society was founded in 1915 under the name of California Avocado Association, and changed name to the present one in 1941.
Services
The Society arranges seminars and annual meetings for educational purposes, as well as to create new contacts between the growers, marketers and the professionals. In 2015 was the hundredth anniversary of the society, and also was the hundredth annual meeting. To this day they also publish their annual yearbook, that is provided free for paid members. There is also an e-mail publication named The Weekly Newsline that is provided for members.
Notable associates
John Eliot Coit − served as president of the association in 1915 and again from 1923 to 1947, and served as president three terms.
Herbert John Webber − took an active part in the organization of the Society in 1915, served as director 1915 to 1920; as President in 1916, and again as director from 1935 to 1937.
Robert Willard Hodgson − received the Award of Honor by the Society, in 1940.
William A. Spinks − supplied for the association propagation material from the avocado variety that he invented.
See also
California Avocado Commission
Calavo Growers
List of countries by avocado production
References
External links
Official California Avocado Society website
1915 establishments in California
Agricultural marketing in the United States
Agricultural marketing organizations
Agriculture in California
Avocado
Clubs and societies in California
Food industry trade groups
Online companies
Organizations based in California
Organizations established in 1915 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20finite%20difference | The compact finite difference formulation, or Hermitian formulation, is a numerical method to compute finite difference approximations. Such approximations tend to be more accurate for their stencil size (i.e. their compactness) and, for hyperbolic problems, have favorable dispersive error and dissipative error properties when compared to explicit schemes. A disadvantage is that compact schemes are implicit and require to solve a diagonal matrix system for the evaluation of interpolations or derivatives at all grid points. Due to their excellent stability properties, compact schemes are a popular choice for use in higher-order numerical solvers for the Navier-Stokes Equations.
Example
The classical Pade scheme for the first derivative at a cell with index () reads;
Where is the spacing between points with index . The equation yields a fourth-order accurate solution for when supplemented with suitable boundary conditions (typically periodic). When compared to the 4th-order accurate central explicit method;
the former (implicit) method is compact as it only uses values on a 3-point stencil instead of 5.
Derivation of compact schemes
Compact schemes are derived using a Taylor series expansion. Say we wish to construct a compact scheme with a three-point stencil (as in the example):
From a symmetry argument we deduce , and , resulting in a two-parameter system,
We write the expansions around up to a reasonable number of terms and using notation ,
Each column on the right-hand side gives an equation for the coefficients ,
We now have two equations for two unknowns and therefore stop checking for higher-order-term equations.
which is indeed the scheme from the example.
Evaluation of a compact scheme
List of compact schemes
First derivative
4th order central scheme:
6th order central scheme:
References
Multivariable calculus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otroeda%20cafra | Otroeda cafra is a species of moth in the tussock-moth subfamily Lymantriinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Sierra Leone, and is also found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Malawi, and Nigeria.
Description
Upperside. Antennae deeply pectinated and brown. Head white. Thorax and abdomen yellowish grey. Anterior wings white, edged with a dull blackish, and a large patch of the same at the tips, with two streaks also running from the anterior edges almost across the wings; one near the shoulders, the other in the middle, both narrowing as they go, and ending in points. A little group of spots is also placed at the lower corners. Posterior wings white, but next the body yellow, with a very irregular dark border running along the external edges, on which are several white spots unevenly dispersed, and of various forms.
Underside. Palpi white, tipped with black. Forelegs red underneath, and black above, the ends being black: the other legs grey, the tips black. Breast and abdomen yellow grey. Wings coloured as on the upperside, but fainter. Margins of the wings entire. Wingspan 4 inches (100 mm).
References
Lymantriinae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otroeda%20nerina | Otroeda nerina is a species of moth in the tussock-moth subfamily Lymantriinae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Sierra Leone, and is also found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Gabon, Ghana and Nigeria.
Description
Upperside. Antennae strongly pectinated and brown. Head brown, the front being white. Thorax brown, with two white streaks along it. Abdomen brown. Wings black, streaked with light brown from the shoulders along the tendons, and two light yellowish patches, almost crossing the wings from the anterior edges, with a row of white spots placed along the external edges. Posterior wings dark yellow, with a deep black border running along the external edges from the upper to the abdominal corners.
Underside. Palpi black. Mouth white. Neck and breast yellow. Legs brown, and yellow at top, and white beneath. Abdomen white, streaked longitudinally with brown. Anus yellow. Wings coloured as on the upperside, but brighter. Margins of all the wings entire. Wingspan inches (88 mm).
References
Lymantriinae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catonephele%20acontius | Catonephele acontius, the Acontius firewing, is a nymphalid butterfly species found in South America. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1771 (who gave the type location as "China", a designation followed by some later authors).
Description
(Male, described by Dru Drury): Upperside. Antennae, head, thorax, and abdomen black. Wings fine velvety black. An orange-coloured bar, about inch (6 mm) broad, rises in the middle of the superior wings, running circularly and crossing the inferior ones, meeting about the middle of the abdominal edges.
Underside. Palpi white. Tongue brown. Breast and legs white. Abdomen yellow brown. Wings shining brown, exhibiting various shades of changeable colours; the tips terminating in an ash colour. Wings scarcely dentated. Wingspan inches (70 mm).
Subspecies
Catonephele acontius acontius (Guianas, Surinam, Brazil: Amazonas)
Catonephele acontius caeruleus Jenkins, 1985 (Bolivia)
References
Biblidinae
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1771
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panara%20jarbas | Panara jarbas is a species in the butterfly family Riodinidae found in Brazil. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782.
Description
Upperside. Antennae black. Thorax and abdomen nearly black. Wings brownish black. An orange-coloured bar, about a quarter of an inch broad, crosses the anterior wings from the middle of the anterior edges to the lower corners, from whence another of half that breadth crosses the posterior wings, meeting just below the anus.
Underside. Tongue, legs, breast, and abdomen dark brown, the latter having a small orange streak on each side. Wings coloured as on the upperside. Margins of the wings entire. Wing-span inches (44 mm).
Subspecies
Panara jarbas jarbas (Brazil: western Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Minas Gerais, northern Espirito Santo, Pernambuco)
Panara jarbas episatnius Prittwitz, 1865 (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo, eastern Minas Gerais)
Panara jarbas thymele Stichel, 1909 (Brazil: Bahia, western Parana, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro)
References
Riodininae
Riodinidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Dru Drury |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmachia%20menetas | Symmachia menetas is a species in the butterfly family Riodinidae found in Brazil and Suriname. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782.
Description
Upperside. Antennae black. Front of the head yellow. Thorax black, with two yellow streaks at the base of the wings. Abdomen dark brown. Half of the superior wings black, beginning at the shoulders, and running to the external edges, on which are seven cream-coloured spots variously shaped. The other half of these wings is scarlet, without any marks. Posterior wings entirely scarlet, edged with black.
Underside. Palpi cream coloured. Breast and abdomen light yellow. Legs black, but underneath pale yellow. Wings coloured as on the upperside. Margins of the wings entire. Wingspan inches (33 mm).
Subspecies
Symmachia menetas menetas (Brazil, Suriname)
Symmachia menetas eurina Schaus, 1902 (Brazil: Paraná, Santa Catarina)
Sources
Riodinidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacks%20property | In mathematical set theory, the Sacks property holds between two models of Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory if they are not "too dissimilar" in the following sense.
For and transitive models of set theory, is said to have the Sacks property over if and only if for every function mapping to such that diverges to infinity, and every function mapping to there is a tree such that for every the level of has cardinality at most and is a branch of .
The Sacks property is used to control the value of certain cardinal invariants in forcing arguments. It is named for Gerald Enoch Sacks.
A forcing notion is said to have the Sacks property if and only if the forcing extension has the Sacks property over the ground model. Examples include Sacks forcing and Silver forcing.
Shelah proved that when proper forcings with the Sacks property are iterated using countable supports, the resulting forcing notion will have the Sacks property as well.
The Sacks property is equivalent to the conjunction of the Laver property and the -bounding property.
References
Forcing (mathematics) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anteros%20acheus | Anteros acheus is a species of butterfly of the family Riodinidae, found in Brazil, Suriname and Bolivia. It was first described by Caspar Stoll in 1781.
Description
(Description of A. a. ampyx) Upperside: Antennae white, brown at their extremities. Thorax, abdomen, and wings brown; the anterior wings having two oval straw-coloured spots placed near the middle, and the anterior edges of the posterior ones streaked with the same colour.
Underside: Palpi, breast, legs, and abdomen straw coloured. Wings straw coloured, being spotted and streaked with red brown, each of these markings appearing to have a gold spot or streak in its centre, forming a very beautiful and singular appearance. Margins of the anterior wings entire, but of the posterior ones a little dentated. Wingspan inches (44 mm).
Subspecies
A. a. acheus (Suriname)
A. a. ampyx (Drury, 1782) (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro)
A. a. troas Stichel, 1909 (Bolivia)
References
Riodinidae
Riodinidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1781
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Taxa named by Caspar Stoll |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20web%20science | Health Web Science (HWS) is a sub-discipline of Web Science that examines the interplay between health sciences, health and well-being, and the World Wide Web. It assumes that each domain influences the others. HWS thus complements and overlaps with Medicine 2.0 (medicine enabled by emerging technologies). Research has uncovered emergent properties that arise as individuals interact with each other, with healthcare providers and with the Web itself.
History
HWS began at the Web Science Curriculum meeting in the summer of 2010 at the University of Southampton where approximately forty scholars came together to discuss the subject. That was followed by a foundational Workshop in Koblenz 2011 under the aegis of ACM.
The dialogue to more precisely define HWS as a sub-discipline of Web Science began among Web-oriented investigators at the 2012 Medicine 2.0 Conference and was formalized in 2013. This nascent discipline of Health Web Science is further described and developed in the monograph "Health Web Science".
A call to action at the ACM Web Science workshop asked the community to consider how to accelerate the discipline. In particular, beyond the available knowledge-gathering technologies (e.g. blogs, social-medicine portals, experience mining, graph theory, network analysis, and game theory), what additional is required to deal with the Health Web's emergent properties? For example, what is needed to curate, interrogate, and visualize the combination of both 'Big Data' – arising from the increasingly pervasive sources and sensors including "the Internet of things, the quantified self, smart cities, and smart homes – and smaller-scale data arising from individual patient conversations, self-reporting, and self-exploration? How are small-scale innovations safely and efficiently scaled up to the size of the Web and scaled out to millions of patients?
One research group argued for technologies that enable predictive, personalized, preventive, and participatory (P4) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonics | Plasmonics or nanoplasmonics refers to the generation, detection, and manipulation of signals at optical frequencies along metal-dielectric interfaces in the nanometer scale. Inspired by photonics, plasmonics follows the trend of miniaturizing optical devices (see also nanophotonics), and finds applications in sensing, microscopy, optical communications, and bio-photonics.
Principles
Plasmonics typically utilizes surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), that are coherent electron oscillations travelling together with an electromagnetic wave along the interface between a dielectric (e.g. glass, air) and a metal (e.g. silver, gold). The SPP modes are strongly confined to their supporting interface, giving rise to strong light-matter interactions. In particular, the electron gas in the metal oscillates with the electro-magnetic wave. Because the moving electrons are scattered, ohmic losses in plasmonic signals are generally large, which limits the signal transfer distances to the sub-centimeter range, unless hybrid optoplasmonic light guiding networks, or plasmon gain amplification are used. Besides SPPs, localized surface plasmon modes supported by metal nanoparticles are referred to as plasmonics modes. Both modes are characterized by large momentum values, which enable strong resonant enhancement of the local density of photon states, and can be utilized to enhance weak optical effects of opto-electronic devices.
Motivation and current challenges
An effort is currently being made to integrate plasmonics with electric circuits, or in an electric circuit analog, to combine the size efficiency of electronics with the data capacity of photonic integrated circuits (PIC). While gate lengths of CMOS nodes used for electrical circuits are ever decreasing, the size of conventional PICs is limited by diffraction, thus constituting a barrier for further integration. Plasmonics could bridge this size mismatch between electronic and photonic components. At the same time, photoni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibling%20rivalry%20%28animals%29 | Animals, including siblings, compete for resources such as food, territory, and potential mating partners. In animal sibling rivalry, individuals compete for parental care or limited resources, which can sometimes result in siblicide, the killing of siblings. Sibling rivalry occurs in many different forms. Siblings may compete for resources in a prenatal and/or post-birth environment. The degree of rivalry varies, ranging from a low level of violence in non-aggressive to the killing of kin in siblicide.
Function of behavior
When there are multiple offspring in a single brood, the potential for sibling rivalry arises due to competition for food and parental attention. Natural selection may favor behaviors that allow an individual offspring to gain more resources, even if the behavior decreases a sibling's fitness. Competition for food and resources can be seen in many bird species. For example, blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) siblings often exhibit aggression towards each other, with older chicks pecking at younger chicks. This behavior increases when there are food shortages, indicating more intense competition. In other bird species, siblings compete for food through manipulation of parental behavior rather than direct aggressive acts. Increased parental attention may mean more food for the offspring, favoring the development of begging behavior in nestlings. American robin (Turdus migratorius) chicks compete for food provided by their parents through louder and more prominent cheeps or other vocalizations, with the most food given to chicks exhibiting the most intense begging behavior.
Sibling rivalry may not seem to align with the kin selection theory, which predicts that altruistic behaviors may evolve if inclusive fitness benefits (including those of relatives) from such behaviors outweigh the costs. Theoretically, helping relatives would allow individuals to spread genes related to their own. However, some species may show sibling rivalry when the fitn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20insurance | Cyber-insurance is a specialty insurance product intended to protect businesses from Internet-based risks, and more generally from risks relating to information technology infrastructure and activities. Risks of this nature are typically excluded from traditional commercial general liability policies or at least are not specifically defined in traditional insurance products. Coverage provided by cyber-insurance policies may include first-party coverage against losses such as data destruction, extortion, theft, hacking, and denial of service attacks; liability coverage indemnifying companies for losses to others caused, for example, by errors and omissions, failure to safeguard data, or defamation; and other benefits including regular security-audit, post-incident public relations and investigative expenses, and criminal reward funds.
Advantages
Because the cyber-insurance market in many countries is relatively small compared to other insurance products, its overall impact on emerging cyber threats is difficult to quantify. As the impact to people and businesses from cyber threats is also relatively broad when compared to the scope of protection provided by insurance products, insurance companies continue to develop their services. According to a survey, 46% of all breaches have an effect on companies with fewer than 1,000 employees. In this case, strong security measures and cyber liability insurance may be necessary.
As insurers payout on cyber-losses, and as cyber threats develop and change, insurance products are increasingly being purchased alongside existing IT security services. Indeed, the underwriting criteria for insurers to offer cyber-insurance products are also early in development, and underwriters are actively partnering with IT security companies to develop their products.
As well as directly improving security, cyber-insurance is enormously beneficial in the event of a large-scale security breach. Insurance provides a smooth funding mechanism fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optoelectrowetting | Optoelectrowetting (OEW) is a method of liquid droplet manipulation used in microfluidics applications. This technique builds on the principle of electrowetting, which has proven useful in liquid actuation due to fast switching response times and low power consumption. Where traditional electrowetting runs into challenges, however, such as in the simultaneous manipulation of multiple droplets, OEW presents a lucrative alternative that is both simpler and cheaper to produce. OEW surfaces are easy to fabricate, since they require no lithography, and have real-time, reconfigurable, large-scale manipulation control, due to its reaction to light intensity.
Theory
The traditional electrowetting mechanism has been receiving increasing interest due to its ability to control tension forces on a liquid droplet. As surface tension acts as the dominant liquid actuation force in nano-scale applications, electrowetting has been used to modify this tension at the solid-liquid interface through the application of an external voltage. The applied electric field causes a change in the contact angle of the liquid droplet, and in turn changes the surface tensions across the droplet. Precise manipulation of the electric field allows control of the droplets. The droplet is placed on an insulating substrate located in between an electrode.cooxoxc9x
The optoelectrowetting mechanism adds a photoconductor underneath the conventional electrowetting circuit, with an AC power source attached. Under normal (dark) conditions, the majority of the system's impedance lies in the photoconducting region, and therefore the majority of the voltage drop occurs here. However, when light is shined on the system, carrier generation and recombination causes the conductivity of the photoconductor spikes and results in a voltage drop across the insulating layer, changing the contact angle as a function of the voltage. The contact angle between a liquid and electrode can be described as:
where VA, d, ε, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotary%20transfer%20machine | A rotary transfer machine is a machine tool, typically for metal working by machining, comprising a large indexing table with machining stations surrounding the table. Such rotary transfer machines are used for producing a large number of parts in fairly short cycle times.
Operation
In rotary transfer machines, the workpieces are located and clamped in pallet type fixtures that are indexed in a circular path. During one cycle, sequential machining operations are performed simultaneously on the workpieces. The indexed table turns vertically or horizontally, and its movement could be continuous or intermittent. As the indexing table turns, the subsequent machining operation is repeated on the workpiece which was just machined by the previous station. This design combines automated part feed with simultaneous operations, enabling rapid completion of parts.
Applications
Rotary transfer machines are commonly used for the mass-production of metal parts in the automotive industry and for pneumatic and hydraulic fittings. The parts can range from simple to complex, depending on the layout of the machining tool, which is often custom-designed for the manufacturing of a single part or family of parts. Rotary arrangement presents a compact arrangement that saves floor space. The annual production capacity of one rotary transfer machine can range from 100'000 units to tens of millions of units.
Rotary transfer machines can generally cope with all standard machining operations like turning, milling, drilling, reaming, threading, recessing, marking, deburring, etc... for sizes ranging more or less from a fingernail up to a backpack.
Machines
Machining
Tools |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myscelia%20orsis | Myscelia orsis is a species of nymphalid butterflies native to Brazil. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782.
Description
Upperside: Antennae, thorax, and abdomen brown, the latter having six spots on it. Wings very dark changeable blue; anterior having a pale streak crossing them a little way on each side the thorax, with several other small ones on other parts.
Underside: Palpi very small, hairy, and white. Thorax, legs and abdomen white. Wings pale red brown, having a shade of darker colour running along their external edges, and on the anterior ones are placed two faint-coloured streaks, running from the external edges towards the middle of the wings. Margins of the wings angulated and dentated. Wingspan .
References
Biblidinae
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogia%20crameri | Cogia crameri is a species of butterfly in the family Hesperiidae, native to Central America and Suriname. It was described by Pieter Cramer in 1777 using the name Papilio orion, which was preoccupied (see Scolitantides orion). A replacement name honouring Cramer was designated in 1960.
Description
Upper side. Antennae black. Thorax, abdomen, and wings dark olive brown. Anterior wings having a small narrow transparent white line crossing them from the anterior edges to the lower corners, intersected by the brown tendons of the wings. Posterior wings terminating in two white, short, and broad tails.
Under side. Palpi white. Breast, abdomen, and wings coloured as on the upper side; the posterior differing merely in having their outward edges bordered with white. Wing-span 2 inches (50 mm).
References
Hesperiidae
Butterflies of Central America
Hesperiidae of South America
Fauna of the Amazon
Butterflies described in 1960
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate%20max-flow%20min-cut%20theorem | Approximate max-flow min-cut theorems are mathematical propositions in network flow theory. They deal with the relationship between maximum flow rate ("max-flow") and minimum cut ("min-cut") in a multi-commodity flow problem. The theorems have enabled the development of approximation algorithms for use in graph partition and related problems.
Multicommodity flow problem
A "commodity" in a network flow problem is a pair of source and sink nodes. In a multi-commodity flow problem, there are commodities, each with its own source , sink , and demand . The objective is to simultaneously route units of commodity from to for each , such that the total amount of all commodities passing through any edge is no greater than its capacity. (In the case of undirected edges, the sum of the flows in both directions cannot exceed the capacity of the edge).
Specially, a 1-commodity (or single commodity) flow problem is also known as a maximum flow problem. According to the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm, the max-flow and min-cut are always equal in a 1-commodity flow problem.
Max-flow and min-cut
In a multicommodity flow problem, max-flow is the maximum value of , where is the common fraction of each commodity that is routed, such that units of commodity can be simultaneously routed for each without violating any capacity constraints.
min-cut is the minimum of all cuts of the ratio of the capacity of the cut to the demand of the cut.
Max-flow is always upper bounded by the min-cut for a multicommodity flow problem.
Uniform multicommodity flow problem
In a uniform multicommodity flow problem, there is a commodity for every pair of nodes and the demand for every commodity is the same. (Without loss of generality, the demand for every commodity is set to one.) The underlying network and capacities are arbitrary.
Product multicommodity flow problem
In a product multicommodity flow problem, there is a nonnegative weight for each node in graph . The demand for the commodity betwee |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobunaea%20alinda | Pseudobunaea alinda is a species of very large moths in the family Saturniidae. The species was first described by Dru Drury in 1782, and is found in Angola, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Sierra Leone, and Tanzania.
Description
Upper Side. Antennae pectinated. Neck buff-coloured. Thorax and abdomen brownish red, the centre of the former being grey. Anterior wings brown-red, darkest along the external edges, with two faint dark indented lines crossing them from the anterior to the posterior edges. A transparent spot is placed near the middle of the wings, about a quarter of an inch from the anterior edges, without any iris of a different colour. Posterior wings brown-red, and darkest along the external edges, having a few faint waved lines. Near the middle is a small transparent spot, edged with buff at the bottom, surrounded by a dark brown border, and which is also encircled by another quite black.
Under Side. Breast red-brown. Legs, abdomen, and wings entirely of a dark buff. All the faint waved lines, hardly discernible on the other side, are here very conspicuous. Close to the transparent spots, on the anterior wings, are two of a dark brown, and two larger are also placed close to the transparent ones in the posterior wings, without any of the circular ones which are on the upper side. Margins of the wings entire. Wing-span 7¾ inches (195 mm).
References
Saturniinae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multirate%20filter%20bank%20and%20multidimensional%20directional%20filter%20banks | This article provides a short survey of the concepts, principles and applications of Multirate Filter Banks and Multidimensional Directional Filter Banks.
Multirate systems
Linear time-invariant systems typically operate at a single sampling rate, which means that we have the same sampling rate at input and output. In other words, in an LTI system, the sampling rate would not change in the system.
Systems that use different sampling rates at different stages are called multirate systems. The multirate system can have different sampling rates based on desire.
Also multirate systems can provide different sampling rates without destroying the signal components.
In Figure 1, you can see a block diagram of a two channel multirate system.
Multirate Filter Bank
A multirate filter bank divides a signal into a number of subbands, which can be analysed at different rates corresponding to the bandwidth of the frequency bands. One important fact in multirate filtering is that the signal should be filtered before decimation, otherwise aliasing and frequency folding would occur.
Multirate Filter Designs
Multirate filter design makes use of properties of decimation and interpolation (or expansion) in the design implementation of the filter.
Decimation or downsampling by a factor of essentially means keeping every sample of a given sequence.
Decimation, Interpolation, and Modulation
Generally speaking, using decimation is very common in multirate filter designs.
In the second step, after using decimation, interpolation will be used to restore the sampling rate.
The advantage of using decimators and interpolator is that they can reduce the computations when resulting in a lower sampling rate.
Decimation by a factor of can be mathematically defined as:
or equivalently,
.
Expansion or upsampling by a factor of M means that we insert M-1 zeros between each sample of a given signal or a sequence.
The expansion by a factor of M can be mathematically explained as:
or equiva |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20fixation%20package | A nitrogen fixation package is a piece of research equipment for studying nitrogen fixation in plants. One product of this kind, the Q-Box NF1LP made by Qubit Systems, operates by measuring the hydrogen (H2) given off in the nitrogen-fixing chemical reaction enabled by nitrogenase enzymes.
Principle of operation
Nitrogen is produced by bacteria, which have an endo-symbiotic relationship with the legume host. In this relationship, the plant shares its carbohydrates with the bacteria so that the bacteria can thrive, and the plant benefits by having excess nitrogen made available. The bacteria's creation of nitrogen also creates hydrogen, which is what the unit measures to determine the nitrogen produced. Measurement of H2 evolution as a means of determining nitrogenase activity is an alternative technique to acetylene reduction assay, and allows real-time monitoring of changes in nitrogenase activity.
Product description
Q-Box NF1LP is an experimental package using an open-flow gas exchange system for measurement of nitrogen fixation in H2-producing legume symbioses. A flow-through H2 sensor (Q-S121) measures the production rate of H2 from N2-fixing tissues, allowing in vivo measurement of nitrogenase activity in real time. Measurements of nitrogenase activity on up to three plants is possible, i.e. a four-channel system including a reference sample.
Operation
Nitrogen fixation packages must be used in a laboratory-type environment. This can be a temporary laboratory set up in the field, as long as it is under stable, uncontaminated conditions. The product must be supplied with many potted samples of the plants and of the neighbouring soil, taken from separate areas on the farm or field under study. The tests rely on the availability of the Herbaspirillum bacteria in the soil. This bacterium is found at the root of most legumes, which is where they produce nitrogen. To test soil properly, it must be free of added nitrogen fertilizers, which have harmful effects |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe%20Scout | Adobe Scout is a visual profiler for Adobe Flash content running on desktop or mobile platforms, and works together with Adobe Flash Player and Adobe AIR. Scout enables in-depth profiling of ActionScript 3 code execution, 2D graphics and text rendering, and 3D graphics rendered via the Stage3D application programming interface (API).
Scout is the successor of the code profiler introduced in Adobe Flash Builder. Scout was released in January 2013, and provided memory and code execution profiling. Stage3D support was added c. June 2013, along with an integrated Stage3D rendering preview and draw-call recording and replay toolset.
Features
Scout supports profiling of Flash content running on the same machine, or on remote machines, both of which need to connect to Scout via the Telemetry TCP/IP connection. Content on desktop platforms such as Microsoft Windows and Apple OS X may be running in Adobe AIR or Adobe Flash Player. Content on mobile platforms such as Android and iOS may only be profiled if they are running in Adobe AIR for Mobile.
Scout provides code execution metrics, namely the per-frame execution time for ActionScript 3 code, and the memory use by objects created by Flash Player or User code. Developers may also track custom events within the Scout interface.
Scout provides historical profiling and a detailed breakup of all central processing unit (CPU) using activities within Flash Player, including code execution (ActionScript), 2D graphics rendering (DisplayList Rendering), network and video, and others.
Scout provides in-depth visual profiling of 3D graphics content rendering with the Stage3D API:
Stage3D Preview - View the current back-buffer of executed Stage3D Content
Stage3D Recording - Capture every Stage3D command executed by the Flash content, and replay or step through executed commands
GPU memory use - Profile texture memory use with a real-time breakdown
Stage3D Program Editor - Interactively modify recorded Stage3D commands and see what |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melinoessa%20fulvescens | Melinoessa fulvescens is a species of moth in the family Geometridae, native to Sierra Leone and Gambia. It was described by Dru Drury in 1782 as Phalaena fulvata, a name which was pre-occupied (see Cidaria fulvata). The current, slightly different, specific name was given by L. B. Prout in 1916.
Description
Upper Side. Antennae setaceous and yellow. Thorax and abdomen yellow. Wings deep straw-coloured, the anterior having a small black spot placed near the middle of the anterior edges. A small narrow line of a silverish colour runs along the external edges of these wings, beginning near the tips, and continuing along the edges of the posterior ones, ends at the abdominal corners.
Under Side. Breast, legs, and abdomen whiteish. Wings coloured as on the upper side, but dappled with minute reddish streaks. Margins of the wings entire. Wing-span somewhat more than 1½ inches (40 mm).
References
Ennominae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locha%20hyalina | Locha hyalina is a moth species in the family Geometridae from Central and parts of South America. It was described by Dru Drury in 1782, but his name Phalaena diaphana was invalid as pre-occupied (see Eloria diaphana).
Description
Upperside: Antennae pectinated (comb like). Thorax brown. Abdomen black, brown above. Wings diaphanous, the edges being bordered with black, a black band also crosses the anterior, from the anterior edges to the lower corners.
Underside: Tongue spiral. Breast and legs black. Abdomen grey. Anus yellowish. Wings coloured on this side as on the upper. Margins of the wings entire. Wingspan inches (44 mm).
References
Ennominae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20for%20Education | Google for Education is a service from Google that provides independently customizable versions of several Google products using a domain name provided by the customer. It features several Web applications with similar functionality to traditional office suites, including Gmail, Hangouts, Meet, Google Calendar, Drive, Docs, Sheets, Slides, Groups, News, Play, Sites, and Vault. The products also tie into the use of Chromebooks which can be added to the Google Workspace Domain of the educational establishment.
Google Workspace for Education and Google Workspace for Nonprofits (for accredited 501(c)(3) nonprofit entities) are free and offer the same amount of storage as other Google Workspace accounts.
In addition to shared apps (calendar, docs, etc.), Google provides Google Workspace Marketplace, an app store for Google Workspace users. It contains various apps, both free and paid, which can be installed to customize the Google for Education experience for the user.
References
External links
Help center
Education
Online office suites
Mobile software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%88%9E-topos | In mathematics, an ∞-topos is, roughly, an ∞-category such that its objects behave like sheaves of spaces with some choice of Grothendieck topology; in other words, it gives an intrinsic notion of sheaves without reference to an external space. The prototypical example of an ∞-topos is the ∞-category of sheaves of spaces on some topological space. But the notion is more flexible; for example, the ∞-category of étale sheaves on some scheme is not the ∞-category of sheaves on any topological space but it is still an ∞-topos.
Precisely, in Lurie's Higher Topos Theory, an ∞-topos is defined as an ∞-category X such that there is a small ∞-category C and a left exact localization functor from the ∞-category of presheaves of spaces on C to X. A theorem of Lurie states that an ∞-category is an ∞-topos if and only if it satisfies an ∞-categorical version of Giraud's axioms in ordinary topos theory. A "topos" is a category behaving like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space. In analogy, Lurie's definition and characterization theorem of an ∞-topos says that an ∞-topos is an ∞-category behaving like the category of sheaves of spaces.
See also
Simplicial set
References
Further reading
Spectral Algebraic Geometry - Charles Rezk (gives a down-enough-to-earth introduction)
Foundations of mathematics
Higher category theory
Sheaf theory
Topos theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher%20Topos%20Theory | Higher Topos Theory is a treatise on the theory of ∞-categories written by American mathematician Jacob Lurie. In addition to introducing Lurie's new theory of ∞-topoi, the book is widely considered foundational to higher category theory. Since 2018, Lurie has been transferring the contents of Higher Topos Theory (along with new material) to Kerodon, an "online resource for homotopy-coherent mathematics" inspired by the Stacks Project.
Topics
Higher Topos Theory covers two related topics: ∞-categories and ∞-topoi (which are a special case of the former). The first five of the book's seven chapters comprise a rigorous development of general ∞-category theory in the language of quasicategories, a special class of simplicial set which acts as a model for ∞-categories. The path of this development largely parallels classical category theory, with the notable exception of the ∞-categorical Grothendieck construction; this correspondence, which Lurie refers to as "straightening and unstraightening", gains considerable importance in his treatment.
The last two chapters are devoted to ∞-topoi, Lurie's own invention and the ∞-categorical analogue of topoi in classical category theory. The material of these chapters is original, and is adapted from an earlier preprint of Lurie's. There are also appendices discussing background material on categories, model categories, and simplicial categories.
History
Higher Topos Theory followed an earlier work by Lurie, On Infinity Topoi, uploaded to the arXiv in 2003. Algebraic topologist Peter May was critical of this preprint, emailing Lurie's then-advisor Mike Hopkins "to say that Lurie’s paper had some interesting ideas, but that it felt preliminary and needed more rigor." Lurie released a draft of Higher Topos Theory on the arXiv in 2006, and the book was finally published in 2009.
Lurie released a second book on higher category theory, Higher Algebra, as a preprint on his website in 2017. This book assumes the content of Higher T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zamarada%20eucharis | Zamarada eucharis is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782, from Sierra Leone (not Brazil as mentioned in the original description). It is found in Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone
Description
Upperside: Antennae setaceous. Thorax and abdomen brown. Anterior wings greyish yellow, with a single spot placed near the middle, almost close to the anterior edge. Posterior wings of the same colour as the anterior, and like them surrounded with a deep black border.
Underside: Tongue spiral. Legs, breast, and abdomen grey. Wings coloured as on the upper side, the borders being fainter. Margins of the wings entire. Wing span inches (38 mm).
References
Abraxini
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%27s%20formula | In mathematics, Legendre's formula gives an expression for the exponent of the largest power of a prime p that divides the factorial n!. It is named after Adrien-Marie Legendre. It is also sometimes known as de Polignac's formula, after Alphonse de Polignac.
Statement
For any prime number p and any positive integer n, let be the exponent of the largest power of p that divides n (that is, the p-adic valuation of n). Then
where is the floor function. While the sum on the right side is an infinite sum, for any particular values of n and p it has only finitely many nonzero terms: for every i large enough that , one has . This reduces the infinite sum above to
where .
Example
For n = 6, one has . The exponents and can be computed by Legendre's formula as follows:
Proof
Since is the product of the integers 1 through n, we obtain at least one factor of p in for each multiple of p in , of which there are . Each multiple of contributes an additional factor of p, each multiple of contributes yet another factor of p, etc. Adding up the number of these factors gives the infinite sum for .
Alternate form
One may also reformulate Legendre's formula in terms of the base-p expansion of n. Let denote the sum of the digits in the base-p expansion of n; then
For example, writing n = 6 in binary as 610 = 1102, we have that and so
Similarly, writing 6 in ternary as 610 = 203, we have that and so
Proof
Write in base p. Then , and therefore
Applications
Legendre's formula can be used to prove Kummer's theorem. As one special case, it can be used to prove that if n is a positive integer then 4 divides if and only if n is not a power of 2.
It follows from Legendre's formula that the p-adic exponential function has radius of convergence .
References
, page 77
Leonard Eugene Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers, Volume 1, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1919, page 263.
External links
Factorial and binomial topics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haematera%20pyrame | Haematera pyrame is a South American species of butterflies belonging to the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1781 under the name Papilio pyramus, which was preoccupied (by the species now known as Tarsoctenus corytus). Jacob Hübner designated a slightly modified replacement name. As currently prescribed, it is the only species in the genus Haematera.
Description
Upperside: Antennae brown. Thorax and abdomen dark brown. Anterior wings at the extremities black, but next the body red brown, the middle being occupied by a band which crosses them of a beautiful red, extending to the middle of the posterior ones, the remaining parts of which are of a fine blueish purple.
Underside: Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen white. Anterior wings next the body yellowish brown, the tips the same. The red band is not so strong on this side as on the upper, neither does it extend to the inferior wings, but is bordered with black on that side near the tips. Posterior wings yellowish brown, prettily variegated with very small lighter marks and spots, with a small faint blueish indented line running along the external borders. Wingspan inches (20 mm).
Biology
The larvae of subspecies thysbe have been recorded feeding on Urvillea ulmacea.
Subspecies
Haematera pyrame pyrame (Brazil, Argentina)
Haematera pyrame thysbe Doubleday, 1849 (Nicaragua to Colombia and Venezuela)
Haematera pyrame rubra Kaye, 1904 (Trinidad)
References
Biblidinae
Butterflies described in 1781
Nymphalidae of South America
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20verification | Spatial verification is a technique in which similar locations can be identified in an automated way through a sequence of images. The general method involves identifying a correlation between certain points among sets images, using techniques similar to those used for image registration.
The main problem is that outliers (that does not fit or does not match the selected model) affect adjustment called least squares (numerical analysis technique framed in mathematical optimization, which, given an set of ordered pairs: independent variable, dependent variable, and a family of functions, try to find the continuous function).
Advantages
Effective when one is able to find safe features without clutter.
Good results for correspondence in specific instances.
Disadvantages
The scaling models.
The spatial verification can not be used as post-processing.
Methods
The most widely used for spatial verification and avoid errors caused by these outliers methods are:
Random sample consensus (RANSAC)
Seeks to avoid the impact of outliers, that not fit with the model, so only considers inline which match the model in question. If an outlier is chosen to calculate the current setting, then the resulting line will have little support from the rest of the points.
The algorithm that is performed is a loop that performs the following steps:
Of the entire input data set, takes a subset randomly to estimate the model.
Compute model subset. The model is estimated with standard linear algorithms.
Find the matching values of transformation.
If the error is minimal model, this is accepted, and if the number of correspondences is long enough, the subset of points involved consensus assembly is referred. And it becomes to compute the estimated model in all correspondences.
The goal is to keep the model with the highest number of matches and the main problem is the number of times you have to repeat the process to obtain the best estimate of the model.
RANSAC set in advance the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%202nd%20Factor | Universal 2nd Factor (U2F) is an open standard that strengthens and simplifies two-factor authentication (2FA) using specialized Universal Serial Bus (USB) or near-field communication (NFC) devices based on similar security technology found in smart cards. It is succeeded by the FIDO2 Project, which includes the W3C Web Authentication (WebAuthn) standard and the FIDO Alliance's Client to Authenticator Protocol 2 (CTAP2).
While initially developed by Google and Yubico, with contribution from NXP Semiconductors, the standard is now hosted by the FIDO Alliance.
Advantages and disadvantages
While Time-based one-time passwords (e.g. 6-digit codes generated on Google Authenticator) were a significant improvement over SMS-based security codes, a number of security vulnerabilities were still possible to exploit, which U2F sought to improve. Specifically:
In terms of disadvantages, one significant difference and potential drawback to be considered regarding hardware-based U2F solutions is that unlike with TOTP shared secret methods, there is no possibility of "backing up" recovery codes or shared secrets. If a hardware duplicate or alternative hardware key is not kept and the original U2F hardware key is lost, no recovery of the key is possible (because the private key exists only in hardware). Therefore, for services that do not provide any alternative account recovery method, the use of U2F should be carefully considered.
Design
The USB devices communicate with the host computer using the human interface device (HID) protocol, essentially mimicking a keyboard. This avoids the need for the user to install special hardware driver software in the host computer, and permits application software (such as a browser) to directly access the security features of the device without user effort other than possessing and inserting the device. Once communication is established, the application exercises a challenge–response authentication with the device using public-key c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building-energy%20performance%20gap | A building-energy performance gap is a disparity between the energy consumption predicted in the design stage of a building and the energy use in actual operation. It can have many causes.
Classification of factors that contribute to the performance gap
The performance gap is mainly due to uncertainties. Uncertainties are found in any “real-world” system, and buildings are no exception. As early as 1978, Gero and Dudnik wrote a paper presenting a methodology to solve the problem of designing subsystems (HVAC) subjected to uncertain demands. After that, other authors have shown an interest in the uncertainties that are present in building design; uncertainties in building design/construction can be classified into three groups:
Environmental. Uncertainty in weather prediction under changing climate; and uncertain weather data information due to the use of synthetic weather data files: (1) use of synthetic years that do not represent a real year, and (2) use of a synthetic year that has not been generated from recorded data in the exact location of the project but in the closest weather station.
Workmanship and quality of building elements. Differences between the design and the real building: Conductivity of thermal bridges, conductivity of insulation, value of infiltration or U-Values of walls and windows.
Behavioural. All other parameters linked to human behaviour i.e. doors and windows opening use of appliances, occupancy patterns or cooking habits.
Type 1: Environmental uncertainties
The type 1 from this grouping, have been divided here into two main groups: one concerning the uncertainty due to climate change; and the other concerning uncertainties due to the use of synthetic weather data files. Concerning the uncertainties due to climate change: buildings have long life spans, for example, in England and Wales, around 40% of the office blocks existing in 2004 were built before 1940 (30% if considered by floor area). and, 38.9% of English dwellings in 2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobobunaea%20phaedusa | Lobobunaea phaedusa is a species of very large moths in the family Saturniidae. It is found in much of sub-saharan Africa, where its host plants include African custard-apple (Annona senegalensis), crown-berry (Crossopteryx febrifuga), and Aframomum spp.
Description
Dorsal surface
Antennae broad in the middle and strongly pectinated, terminating in a point both at the base and extremity, the latter being like a thread. Head dark brown. The neck surrounded with a white collar. Thorax and abdomen greyish clay-coloured. Anterior wings the same, but towards their extremities becoming darker; the tips are angulated, and the edges a little scolloped; a dark line rises near the tips, which running across the wings ends near the middle of the posterior edges, but is there much fainter than at the tips. A small triangular transparent spot is situate near the centre of these wings, about three-eighths of an inch from the anterior edges. Posterior wings a little scolloped, being the same colour with the anterior next the abdomen, but darker towards the external edges. In the middle of these wings is a large eye, the pupil being black like velvet, surrounded with a narrow circle of a dark orange, round which is another cream-coloured circle, and this likewise is surrounded by a large border of a fine red-brown.
Ventral surface
Thighs of the fore legs dark brown, the other legs lighter. Breast and abdomen light clay-coloured. Anterior wings the same, being next the body paler than towards the extremities; along the external edges is a pale indented border, running from the tips to the lower corners. Two dark brown spots are placed next the transparent one mentioned in the preceding description, and the dark line there mentioned is conspicuous on this side. Posterior wings coloured as the anterior, becoming darker towards the external edges. A pale indented border runs along the external edges, similar to that on the anterior wings. On the middle of these wings are four dark |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attatha%20ino | Attatha ino is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1782 from "Madras".
Description
Upperside: Antennae brown and setaceous (bristly). Head cream coloured. Neck black. Thorax and abdomen cream coloured, the former having some black spots on it. Anterior wings cream coloured, with a large triangular black spot placed at the tips, another on the middle of the wings, extending across from the anterior edges almost to the lower corners. There are also two small ones next the shoulders. The external edges have a row of small black spots placed thereon. Posterior wings cream coloured, tinctured with red, with a faint black border, rising at the upper corners where it is broadest, and running half-way to the abdominal ones, gradually narrowing.
Underside: Palpi, breast, legs, sides and abdomen cream coloured. Wings reddish cream, without any marks; the black marks, etc. on the upperside being faintly perceived. Margins of the wings entire. Wing span inches (33 mm).
References
Catocalinae
Moths described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierella%20nereis | Pierella nereis is a butterfly species from the subfamily Satyrinae in the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1782 from Brazil.
Description
Upperside: Antennae black. Head, thorax, abdomen grey brown. Anterior wings grey brown, thin, and slightly diaphanous, with a small light-coloured bar running from the anterior edge near the tips to the posterior. Posterior wings having one-third next the body grey brown, divided by a line drawn across the wings from the anterior to the abdominal edges; next to this is an angulated white patch, the rest of these wings being orange coloured, with two black eyespots, having white centres, placed one at the upper, the other at the abdominal corners, the former having a small white spot joining to its upper part. The edges of these wings are bordered with dark brown.
Underside: Palpi, legs, breast, and abdomen cream coloured. Anterior wings next the tips tinged with red brown; the remainder of the wings being of the same colour as on the upperside. Posterior wings next the body pale clay, which occupies half the wings; below which is a white bar, the remainder of the wings being dark orange: the two black eyespots are very small on this side, and the white spot above them not so distinct. These wings are larger than is generally observed among insects of this tribe, and are dentated, the anterior ones being entire. Wingspan 3 inches (76 mm).
References
Haeterini
Nymphalidae of South America
Butterflies described in 1782
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopakumar%E2%80%93Vafa%20invariant | In theoretical physics, Rajesh Gopakumar and Cumrun Vafa introduced in a series of papers new topological invariants, called Gopakumar–Vafa invariants, that represent the number of BPS states on a Calabi–Yau 3-fold. They lead to the following generating function for the Gromov–Witten invariants on a Calabi–Yau 3-fold M:
,
where
is the class of pseudoholomorphic curves with genus g,
is the topological string coupling,
with the Kähler parameter of the curve class ,
are the Gromov–Witten invariants of curve class at genus ,
are the number of BPS states (the Gopakumar–Vafa invariants) of curve class at genus .
As a partition function in topological quantum field theory
Gopakumar–Vafa invariants can be viewed as a partition function in topological quantum field theory. They are proposed to be the partition function in Gopakumar–Vafa form:
Notes
References
Quantum field theory
Algebraic geometry
String theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20methyl%20cellulose | Ethyl methyl cellulose is a thickener, vegetable gum, foaming agent and emulsifier. Its E number is E465.
Chemically, it is a derivative of cellulose with ethyl and methyl groups attached by ether linkages. It can be prepared by treatment of cellulose with dimethyl sulfate and ethyl chloride in the presence of an alkali.
See also
Ethyl cellulose
Methyl cellulose
References
Cellulose
Food additives
Cellulose ethers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MockServer | MockServer is an open source mocking framework for HTTP and HTTPS released under the Apache License. MockServer is designed to simplify integration testing, by mocking HTTP and HTTPS system such as a web service or web site, and to decouple development teams, by allowing a team to develop against a service that is not complete or is unstable.
Simplify testing
MockServer simplifies automated testing and promotes best practices by improving the isolation of the system under test, simplifying test scenarios and improving encapsulation and separation of concerns in tests, as follows:
Mocking dependent systems is an effective mechanism to isolate the system under test to ensure tests run reliably and only fail when there is a genuine error, this avoids tests failing due to irrelevant external changes such as network failure or a server being rebooted / redeployed.
In addition to test isolation mocking dependent system also allows the full range of responses and scenarios to be tested without having to set up and manage a complex test infrastructure. For example, increased response delay or dropped connections can increase as load increases on a dependant system. To simulate these types of performance related degradation can be extremely difficult without generating a large volume of traffic. If the dependent system is mocked the mock can control the exact response delay or any other characteristics of each response.
A common anti-pattern for automated tests is to record and replay real dependent service responses. These recordings are typically complex and shared between multiple tests. This, however, introduces unnecessary coupling between tests and breaks the Single responsibility principle, which, states that every context (class, function, variable, etc.) should define a single responsibility, and that responsibility should be entirely encapsulated by the context. Record and replay solutions also break down when the response changes. For example, if a boo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20inequality | In mathematics, the Whitney inequality gives an upper bound for the error of best approximation of a function by polynomials in terms of the moduli of smoothness. It was first proved by Hassler Whitney in 1957, and is an important tool in the field of approximation theory for obtaining upper estimates on the errors of best approximation.
Statement of the theorem
Denote the value of the best uniform approximation of a function by algebraic polynomials of degree by
The moduli of smoothness of order of a function are defined as:
where is the finite difference of order .
Theorem: [Whitney, 1957] If , then
where is a constant depending only on . The Whitney constant is the smallest value of for which the above inequality holds. The theorem is particularly useful when applied on intervals of small length, leading to good estimates on the error of spline approximation.
Proof
The original proof given by Whitney follows an analytic argument which utilizes the properties of moduli of smoothness. However, it can also be proved in a much shorter way using Peetre's K-functionals.
Let:
where is the Lagrange polynomial for at the nodes .
Now fix some and choose for which . Then:
Therefore:
And since we have , (a property of moduli of smoothness)
Since can always be chosen in such a way that , this completes the proof.
Whitney constants and Sendov's conjecture
It is important to have sharp estimates of the Whitney constants. It is easily shown that , and it was first proved by Burkill (1952) that , who conjectured that for all . Whitney was also able to prove that
and
In 1964, Brudnyi was able to obtain the estimate , and in 1982, Sendov proved that . Then, in 1985, Ivanov and Takev proved that , and Binev proved that . Sendov conjectured that for all , and in 1985 was able to prove that the Whitney constants are bounded above by an absolute constant, that is, for all . Kryakin, Gilewicz, and Shevchuk (20 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-electric%20effect | Acousto-electric effect is a nonlinear phenomenon of generation of electric current in a piezo-electric semiconductor by a propagating acoustic wave. The generated electric current is proportional to the intensity of the acoustic wave and to the value of its electron-induced attenuation. The effect was theoretically predicted in 1953 by Parmenter. Its first experimental observation was reported in 1957 by Weinreich and White.
Valley acoustoelectric effect
There are two varieties of the original acousto-electric effect called the valley acoustoelectric effect and valley acoustoelectric Hall effect theoretically predicted in 2019 by Kalameitsev, Kovalev, and Savenko. These effects also represent nonlinear phenomena of generation of electric current in two-dimensional materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers or graphene, located on a piezoelectric substrate by a propagating acoustic wave. The generated electric currents are proportional to the intensity of the acoustic wave and their directions are perpendicular to the acoustic wave vector.
See also
Physical acoustics
Semiconductors
Piezoelectricity
Elastic waves
References
Acoustics
Waves
Semiconductors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heliconius%20sapho | Heliconius sapho, the Sapho longwing, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1782. It is found from Mexico southward to Ecuador.
Name
Drury left no notes on the origin of the name, but the spelling (and the naming conventions of the time) suggests it derives from the mythological Queen Sapho, not the historical poet Sappho. Subsequent authors, from John O. Westwood onwards, have unjustifiably "corrected" the spelling.
Description
Upperside: Antennae black. Eyes brown. Thorax and abdomen black. Wings mazarine blue; the anterior ones having a white band crossing them from the middle of the anterior edges to the lower corners; the posterior edged with a white border, intersected by the blue tendons of the wings.
Underside: Palpi grey. Breast and abdomen black, streaked with white. Wings black where they are blue on the upper side, with the same white markings; but next the body are adorned with beautiful red streaks, ending in points resembling rays issuing from it. Margins of the wings entire. Wingspan inches (82 mm).
Subspecies
H. s. sapho
H. s. leuce Doubleday, 1847 (Mexico - Costa Rica, Guatemala)
H. s. hewitsoni Hewitson, 1875 (Costa Rica, Panama)
H. s. chocoensis Brown & Benson, 1975 (Colombia)
H. s. candidus Brown, 1976 (Ecuador)
Protective coloration and behavior
Müllerian mimicry
H. sapho engages in Müllerian mimicry with fellow Lepidoptera member H. cydno. The coloring pattern of H. cydno is used to warn a predator of the unpleasant taste of their intended prey. H. sapho is mimicked by the subspecies H. cydno alithea when it exhibits one of its two colorations, known as its "white form".
References
External links
Butterflies described in 1782
sapho
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20Robotics | Zero Robotics is an international high school programming competition where students control robotic SPHERES (Synchronised Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellites) aboard the International Space Station. Each year teams of students work to produce code capable of performing in a game that can be deployed on the SPHERES. This game generally contains elements such as docking with objects, moving objects, and destroying targets within a bounded area while monitoring fuel usage.
Initial stages of the competition occur online (with virtual SPHERES) with free team registration in the United States, Australia and for ESA member countries and limited registration for international teams. Teams are traditionally monitored by adult mentors and code submitted through the MIT website. Finalists compete in a live championship aboard the ISS. An astronaut conducts the final competition while communicating to teams through a live feed.
History
The Zero Robotics competition was created by NASA Astronaut Gregory Chamitoff when he was working with the SPHERES and realised that the coding interface would be suitable for high school students. Drawing inspiration from FIRST Robotics, Zero Robotics became a competition that emphasised building science, technology, engineering, and maths skills with a component of cooperation between schools and nations. Its inaugural competition was held in 2009, expansion to the entire US in 2010 and internationally in 2013. It currently includes schools from the US, Russia, ESA affiliated states and Australia.
Tournaments
The Zero Robotics competition is divided into two types of tournaments.
High School Tournament: Among students aged between 14 and 18 years. The tournament takes place between September and December each year. This is an international event open to teams from the USA, Australia, Russia, ESA member states and select international teams.
Middle School Summer Program. This is dedicated to younger students. It |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thysania%20zenobia | Thysania zenobia, the owl moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1776, and is native to North and South America and the Caribbean.
Description
Upperside: Antennae setaceous and dark brown. Head the same. Thorax and abdomen grey: having a tuft of black hairs standing between them. General colour grey, faintly tinged with red. Anterior wings with a remarkable irregular black bar running from the tips to the shoulders, crossing the thorax horizontally, and parallel with the anterior edges; on the middle of this edge is a triangular dark brown spot edged with black, and nearer the body is a smaller one of the same shape and colour: a second narrower black line is situate about half an inch below, and parallel with the first, rising on the posterior edges, and extending across the wings almost to the external ones. Posterior wings with a black irregular bar arising near the external corners, and crossing them in a straight direction, meeting at the extremity of the abdomen; just above this, and almost close to it, is a very small and narrow waved black line running parallel with it, but towards the end suddenly turns off, and reaches the anterior edges. Besides the above markings there are a number of lighter and darker shades interspersed on the different parts of the wings.
Underside: Palpi reddish, the extremities brown. Tongue spiral. Legs dark brown, mottled with red. Breast, abdomen, and sides red. Wings greyish red, with black indented lines and bars running parallel with the edges of the wings, and regularly placed one above another. Anterior wings having a black spot near their centre shaped like a kidney bean, with a small round one at a little distance nearer the body. Posterior having likewise a small black spot about half an inch from the base. Margins of the wings rather deeply scolloped. Wingspan inches (140 mm).
See also
Other moths which are called "owl moth" include:
Acanthobrahmaea eu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebbe%20Nielsen%20Prize | The Ebbe Nielsen Prize was an international science award made annually between 2002 and 2014 by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), to recognize a researcher who had made substantial contributions to the field of biodiversity informatics. The prize was established in memory of prominent entomologist and biodiversity informatics proponent Ebbe Nielsen, who died of a heart attack in the U.S.A. en route to the 2001 GBIF Governing Board meeting.
History
The award was created in 2001 to honour the recently deceased Danish-Australian entomologist Ebbe Nielsen, who was a keen proponent of both GBIF and the biodiversity informatics discipline. At the time of its creation, the prize was the only global award for work in biodiversity. Initially set at US$35,000 and later €30,000, the award comprised a cash prize plus an invitation to give a guest lecture to address the annual meeting of the governing body of GBIF in whichever country the meeting was being held for that year. In its 2003 call for submissions, the prize was stated as being "[awarded] annually, to a promising researcher, normally within ten years of their entering the research field of biodiversity informatics. Candidates should be combining biodiversity informatics and biosystematic research in novel and exciting ways ... The primary selection criterion is scientific excellence as evidenced by the nominee’s research and publication record, and in particular, the innovation shown in combining biosystematics and biodiversity informatics research in their field of activity." Over the life of the prize, it was won by researchers from Japan, Germany, Sweden, Argentina, United States (twice), Australia (twice), United Kingdom, Colombia, Canada, Denmark and Portugal.
In 2015, GBIF revamped the award as an incentive competition, now known as the Ebbe Nielsen Challenge.
List of recipients from 2002–2014
The following list of recipients is given on the GBIF web site:
2002: Nozomi Ytow (Japan)
2003: S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachlathetes%20gigas | Lachlathetes gigas is a species of antlions in the subfamily Palparinae. It is native to Gabon, Guinea and Sierra Leone. The species was named by Dalman in 1823, based on an insect figured by Dru Drury as a variety of Myrmeleon libelluloides.
Description
Antennae black, slender, and thickest at the extremities. Head, neck, and thorax yellowish brown, with a black longitudinal stripe running along the middle. Four palpi, two of which are short; the other two long, slender, and knobbed at the extremities. Thorax nearly covered with grey hairs. Abdomen yellowish brown in preserved specimens (probably green when living). Wings of equal length, the anterior being broadest, all marked with a great number of red-brown spots, and clouds of various shapes and sizes, and appearing to be composed of fine lattice-work like gauze, and perfectly transparent where they are not clouded. Legs nearly of equal length, having two strong tibial spurs. Wing-span 6¾ inches (170 mm).
References
External links
Myrmeleontidae
Insects described in 1823
Descriptions from Illustrations of Exotic Entomology
Insects of Africa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Univalent%20foundations | Univalent foundations are an approach to the foundations of mathematics in which mathematical structures are built out of objects called types. Types in univalent foundations do not correspond exactly to anything in set-theoretic foundations, but they may be thought of as spaces, with equal types corresponding to homotopy equivalent spaces and with equal elements of a type corresponding to points of a space connected by a path. Univalent foundations are inspired both by the old Platonic ideas of Hermann Grassmann and Georg Cantor and by "categorical" mathematics in the style of Alexander Grothendieck. Univalent foundations depart from (although also compatible with) the use of classical predicate logic as the underlying formal deduction system, replacing it, at the moment, with a version of Martin-Löf type theory. The development of univalent foundations is closely related to the development of homotopy type theory.
Univalent foundations are compatible with structuralism, if an appropriate (i.e., categorical) notion of mathematical structure is adopted.
History
The main ideas of univalent foundations were formulated by Vladimir Voevodsky during the years 2006 to 2009. The sole reference for the philosophical connections between univalent foundations and earlier ideas are Voevodsky's 2014 Bernays lectures. The name "univalence" is due to Voevodsky. A more detailed discussion of the history of some of the ideas that contribute to the current state of univalent foundations can be found at the page on homotopy type theory (HoTT).
A fundamental characteristic of univalent foundations is that they — when combined with the Martin-Löf type theory (MLTT) — provide a practical system for formalization of modern mathematics. A considerable amount of mathematics has been formalized using this system and modern proof assistants such as Coq and Agda. The first such library called "Foundations" was created by Vladimir Voevodsky in 2010. Now Foundations is a part of a larger d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20video%20production%20companies | This incomplete list covers the ever-expanding field of video production, and the companies which produce video products, whether for private or commercial purposes. It includes both well-known companies as well as smaller, local companies that have made notable contributions to the field of video production.
Video production companies
APV (Asia Pacific Vision)
Seven Arts Pictures.
MRB Productions
Creative COW
Northern Upstart Ltd
Arnait Video Productions
HGV Video Productions
Isuma
Reeltime Pictures
Canyon Productions
Through a Glass Productions
Tongal
Sahelis Productions
MAA Productions
Filament Productions
Ragtag Productions
Once Films
See also
Video production
List of video artists
:Category:Television production companies of the United States
:Category:Film production companies of the United States
:Category:Mass media companies of the United States
External links
Video production companies
Video |
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