source
stringlengths
31
203
text
stringlengths
28
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan%20Privalov
Ivan Ivanovich Privalov (; 11 February 1891 – 13 July 1941) was a Russian mathematician best known for his work on analytic functions. Biography Privalov graduated from Moscow State University (MSU) in 1913 studying under Dimitri Egorov and Nikolai Lusin. He obtained his master's degree from MSU in 1916 and became pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelastic%20modulator
A photoelastic modulator (PEM) is an optical device used to modulate the polarization of a light source. The photoelastic effect is used to change the birefringence of the optical element in the photoelastic modulator. PEM was first invented by J. Badoz in the 1960s and originally called a "birefringence modulator." ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punctuated%20gradualism
Punctuated gradualism is a microevolutionary hypothesis that refers to a species that has "relative stasis over a considerable part of its total duration [and] underwent periodic, relatively rapid, morphologic change that did not lead to lineage branching". It is one of the three common models of evolution. Descripti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Engineers%20Week%20%28U.S.%29
Engineers Week is one of the largest STEM events of the year. It is the time to celebrate the amazing accomplishments of engineers, technicians, and technologists and to introduce K-12 students to engineering and technology. 5.5 million students are engaged in engineering every year by individual volunteers and educa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HashKeeper
HashKeeper is a database application of value primarily to those conducting forensic examinations of computers on a somewhat regular basis. Overview HashKeeper uses the MD5 file signature algorithm to establish unique numeric identifiers (hash values) for files "known to be good" and "known to be bad." The HashKeepe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex%E2%80%93gender%20distinction
Though the terms sex and gender have been used interchangeably since at least the fourteenth century, in contemporary academic literature they usually have distinct meanings. Sex generally refers to an organism's biological sex, while gender usually refers to either social roles typically associated with the sex of a p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20food
Space food is a type of food product created and processed for consumption by astronauts during missions to outer space. The food has specific requirements to provide a balanced diet and adequate nutrition for individuals working in space while being easy and safe to store, prepare and consume in the machinery-filled w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubblegram
A bubblegram (also known as laser crystal, 3D crystal engraving or vitrography) is a solid block of glass or transparent plastic that has been exposed to laser beams to generate three-dimensional designs inside. The image is composed of many small points of fracture or other visible deformations and appears to float in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentity
The term presentity is a combination of two words - "presence" and "entity". It basically refers to an entity that has presence information associated with it; information such as status, reachability, and willingness to communicate. Usage The term presentity is often used to refer to users who post and update their p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems%20Engineering%20and%20Technical%20Assistance
Systems Engineering and Technical Assistance (SETA) contractors are government contractors who are contracted to assist the United States Department of Defense (DoD) components, and acquisition programs. (In some areas of DoD, the acronym SETA refers to "Systems Engineering and Technical Assessment" contractors; also r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Machinists%27%20Handbook
American Machinists' Handbook was a McGraw-Hill reference book similar to Industrial Press's Machinery's Handbook. (The latter title, still in print and regularly revised, is the one that machinists today are usually referring to when they speak imprecisely of "the machinist's handbook" or "the machinists' handbook".) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAPS%20detergent
{{Chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 470456710 | ImageFile = CHAPS.png | ImageName = Structural formula of CHAPS detergent | IUPACName = 3-{Dimethyl[3-(3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholan-24-amido)propyl]azaniumyl}propane-1-sulfonate | SystematicName = 3-[Dimethyl(3-{(4R)-4-[(1R,3...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3M%20computer
3M was a goal first proposed in the early 1980s by Raj Reddy and his colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) as a minimum specification for academic/technical workstations: at least a megabyte of memory, a megapixel display and a million instructions per second (MIPS) processing power. It was also often said tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyatta
Vyatta is a software-based virtual router, virtual firewall and VPN product for Internet Protocol networks (IPv4 and IPv6). A free download of Vyatta has been available since March 2006. The system is a specialized Debian-based Linux distribution with networking applications such as Quagga, OpenVPN, and many others. A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xak%3A%20The%20Art%20of%20Visual%20Stage
is the first game in the fantasy role-playing video game series Xak developed and published by Micro Cabin. It was originally released for the NEC PC-8801 computer system, with subsequent versions being developed for the NEC PC-9801, Sharp X68000, MSX2, PC-Engine, Super Famicom, and mobile phones. The first four versio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Jones%20and%20the%20Last%20Crusade%3A%20The%20Action%20Game
Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade: The Action Game was published in 1989 by Lucasfilm Games, based on the film of the same name. The game was released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Atari ST, Amiga, IBM PC, MSX, Master System, NES, Game Boy, Sega Genesis and Game Gear. It is a different game from Ind...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rambo%20III%20%28video%20game%29
Rambo III is a series of video games based on the film Rambo III (1988). Like in the film, their main plots center on former Vietnam-era Green Beret John Rambo being recalled up to duty one last time to rescue his former commander, Colonel Sam Trautman, who was captured during a covert operation mission in Soviet-contr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen%20goo
Screen Goo is an acrylic paint designed by Goo Systems as a projection screen coating for the video projection industry. The intention of the product is to replace fixed or adjustable projection screens in a front projection environment. The product has been formulated with a specific consistency and visual performan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room%20641A
Room 641A is a telecommunication interception facility operated by AT&T for the U.S. National Security Agency, as part of its warrantless surveillance program as authorized by the Patriot Act. The facility commenced operations in 2003 and its purpose was publicly revealed in 2006. Description Room 641A is located in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup%20battery
A backup battery provides power to a system when the primary source of power is unavailable. Backup batteries range from small single cells to retain clock time and date in computers, up to large battery room facilities that power uninterruptible power supply systems for large data centers. Small backup batteries may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20of%20structure
In mathematics, particularly in universal algebra and category theory, transport of structure refers to the process whereby a mathematical object acquires a new structure and its canonical definitions, as a result of being isomorphic to (or otherwise identified with) another object with a pre-existing structure. Defini...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UC%20Davis%20Department%20of%20Viticulture%20and%20Enology
The Department of Viticulture and Enology at the University of California, Davis, located in Davis, California, offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in the areas of grape growing and wine making. Located just 45 minutes from Napa Wine Country the department has strong connections with wine producers in California...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-delay%20combination%20locks
A time-delay combination lock is most commonly a digital, electronic combination lock equipped with a delay timer that delays the unlocking of the lock by a user-definable delay period, usually less than one hour. Unlike the time lock, which unlocks at a preset time (as in the case of a bank vault), time-delay locks o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee%20cupping
Coffee cupping, or coffee tasting, is the practice of observing the tastes and aromas of brewed coffee. It is a professional practice but can be done informally by anyone or by professionals known as "Q Graders". A standard coffee cupping procedure involves deeply sniffing the coffee, then slurping the coffee from a sp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator%20matrix
In coding theory, a generator matrix is a matrix whose rows form a basis for a linear code. The codewords are all of the linear combinations of the rows of this matrix, that is, the linear code is the row space of its generator matrix. Terminology If G is a matrix, it generates the codewords of a linear code C by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phi-hiding%20assumption
The phi-hiding assumption or Φ-hiding assumption is an assumption about the difficulty of finding small factors of φ(m) where m is a number whose factorization is unknown, and φ is Euler's totient function. The security of many modern cryptosystems comes from the perceived difficulty of certain problems. Since P vs. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-level%20gateway
An application-level gateway (ALG, also known as application layer gateway, application gateway, application proxy, or application-level proxy) is a security component that augments a firewall or NAT employed in a computer network. It allows customized NAT traversal filters to be plugged into the gateway to support add...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20mathematical%20notation
The history of mathematical notation includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods of notation confronted in a notation's move to popularity or inconspicuousness. Mathematical notation comprises the symbols used to write mathematical equations and fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyploid%20complex
A polyploid complex, also called a diploid-polyploid complex, is a group of interrelated and interbreeding species that also have differing levels of ploidy that can allow interbreeding. A polyploid complex was described by E. B. Babcock and G. Ledyard Stebbins in their 1938 monograph The American Species of Crepis: t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevian
In geometry, a cevian is a line segment which joins a vertex of a triangle to a point on the opposite side of the triangle. Medians and angle bisectors are special cases of cevians. The name "cevian" comes from the Italian mathematician Giovanni Ceva, who proved a well-known theorem about cevians which also bears his n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticipatory%20scheduling
Anticipatory scheduling is an algorithm for scheduling hard disk input/output (I/O scheduling). It seeks to increase the efficiency of disk utilization by "anticipating" future synchronous read operations. I/O scheduling "Deceptive idleness" is a situation where a process appears to be finished reading from the disk w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle%20of%20auscultation
The triangle of auscultation is a relative thinning of the musculature of the back, situated along the medial border of the scapula which allows for improved listening to the lungs. Boundaries It has the following boundaries: medially, by the inferior portion of the trapezius inferiorly, by the latissimus dorsi l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xak%20II%3A%20Rising%20of%20the%20Redmoon
Xak II: Rising of the Redmoon is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by the Japanese software developer MicroCabin. It is a direct sequel to Xak: The Art of Visual Stage (Xak I). The game was released in Japan only, but due to an MSX scene that arose in Europe (predominately in the Netherlands reg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20overdominance
Polar overdominance is a unique form of inheritance originally described in livestock, with relevant examples in humans and mice being discovered shortly after. The term polar is used to describe this type of overdominance because the phenotype of the heterozygote is more prevalent than the other genotypes. This polari...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20ratio
Slip ratio is a means of calculating and expressing the slipping behavior of the wheel of an automobile. It is of fundamental importance in the field of vehicle dynamics, as it allows to understand the relationship between the deformation of the tire and the longitudinal forces (i.e. the forces responsible for forward ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexus%20file
The extensible NEXUS file format is widely used in bioinformatics. It stores information about taxa, morphological and molecular characters, distances, genetic codes, assumptions, sets, trees, etc. Several popular phylogenetic programs such as PAUP*, MrBayes, Mesquite, MacClade and SplitsTree use this format. Syntax ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural%20depictions%20of%20dinosaurs
Cultural depictions of dinosaurs have been numerous since the word dinosaur was coined in 1842. The non-avian dinosaurs featured in books, films, television programs, artwork, and other media have been used for both education and entertainment. The depictions range from the realistic, as in the television documentaries...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris%20Trusted%20Extensions
Solaris Trusted Extensions is a set of security extensions incorporated in the Solaris 10 operating system by Sun Microsystems, featuring a mandatory access control model. It succeeds Trusted Solaris, a family of security-evaluated operating systems based on earlier versions of Solaris. Solaris 10 5/09 is Common Crit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balancing%20machine
A balancing machine is a measuring tool used for balancing rotating machine parts such as rotors for electric motors, fans, turbines, disc brakes, disc drives, propellers and pumps. The machine usually consists of two rigid pedestals, with suspension and bearings on top supporting a mounting platform. The unit under ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological%20Survey%20of%20India
The Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), founded on 1 July 1916 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change of the Government of India as a premier Indian organisation in zoological research and studies to promote the survey, exploration and research of the fauna in the country. History The annals of Zoolo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct-coupled%20amplifier
A direct-coupled amplifier or DC amplifier is a type of amplifier in which the output of one stage of the amplifier is coupled to the input of the next stage in such a way as to permit signals with zero frequency, also referred to as direct current, to pass from input to output. This is an application of the more gene...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistage%20amplifier
A multistage amplifier is an electronic amplifier consisting of two or more single-stage amplifiers connected together. In this context, a single stage is an amplifier containing only a single transistor (sometimes a pair of transistors) or other active device. The most common reason for using multiple stages is to i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20speed
In solid mechanics, in the field of rotordynamics, the critical speed is the theoretical angular velocity that excites the natural frequency of a rotating object, such as a shaft, propeller, leadscrew, or gear. As the speed of rotation approaches the object's natural frequency, the object begins to resonate, which dra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBRO-LD
KBRO-LD, virtual channel 34 (VHF digital channel 2), is a low-powered television station serving Fort Collins, Colorado that is licensed to Lyons. The station is owned by Echonet Corporation, a company majority owned by Dish Network chairman Charlie Ergen. History In the 1980s, the then-K49AY carried a combination of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline%20lysis
Alkaline lysis or alkaline extraction is a method used in molecular biology to isolate plasmid DNA from bacteria. Method Bacteria containing the plasmid of interest are first cultured, then a sample is centrifuged in order to concentrate cellular material (including DNA) into a pellet at the bottom of the containing v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diebold%2010xx
The Diebold 10xx (or Modular Delivery System, MDS) series is a third and fourth generation family of automated teller machines manufactured by Diebold. History Introduced in 1985 as a successor to the TABS 9000 series, the 10xx family of ATMs was re-styled to the "i Series" variant in 1991, the "ix Series" variant in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazetteer%20of%20Australia
The Gazetteer of Australia is an index or dictionary of the location and spelling of geographical names across Australia. Geographic names include towns, suburbs and roads, plus geographical features such as hills, rivers, and lakes. The index is compiled by the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (IC...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softmax%20function
The softmax function, also known as softargmax or normalized exponential function, converts a vector of real numbers into a probability distribution of possible outcomes. It is a generalization of the logistic function to multiple dimensions, and used in multinomial logistic regression. The softmax function is often ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%E2%80%93Potter%20set%20theory
An approach to the foundations of mathematics that is of relatively recent origin, Scott–Potter set theory is a collection of nested axiomatic set theories set out by the philosopher Michael Potter, building on earlier work by the mathematician Dana Scott and the philosopher George Boolos. Potter (1990, 2004) clarifie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cem%20Kaner
Cem Kaner is a professor of software engineering at Florida Institute of Technology, and the Director of Florida Tech's Center for Software Testing Education & Research (CSTER) since 2004. He is perhaps best known outside academia as an advocate of software usability and software testing. Prior to his professorship, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow%20chemistry
In flow chemistry, also called reactor engineering, a chemical reaction is run in a continuously flowing stream rather than in batch production. In other words, pumps move fluid into a reactor, and where tubes join one another, the fluids contact one another. If these fluids are reactive, a reaction takes place. Flo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20genetic%20genealogy%20topics
This is a list of genetic genealogy topics. Important concepts Genetic genealogy Genealogical DNA test Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroups Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups Allele Allele frequency Electropherogram Genetic recombination Haplogroup Haplotype * (haplogroup) Most recent common ancestor Short...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory%20information%20tree
A directory information tree (DIT) is data represented in a hierarchical tree-like structure consisting of the Distinguished Names (DNs) of directory service entries. Both the X.500 protocols and the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) use directory information trees as their fundamental data structure. Typi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immittance
Immittance is a term used within electrical engineering and acoustics, specifically bioacoustics and the inner ear, to describe the combined measure of electrical or acoustic admittance and electrical or acoustic impedance. Immittance was initially coined by H. W. Bode in 1945, and was first used to describe the electr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-effect%20variegation
Position-effect variegation (PEV) is a variegation caused by the silencing of a gene in some cells through its abnormal juxtaposition with heterochromatin via rearrangement or transposition. It is also associated with changes in chromatin conformation. Overview The classical example is the Drosophila wm4 (speak white...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press%20cake
A press cake or oil cake is the solids remaining after pressing something to extract the liquids. Their most common use is in animal feed. Some foods whose processing creates press cakes are olives for olive oil (pomace), peanuts for peanut oil, coconut flesh for coconut cream and milk (sapal), grapes for wine (pomace...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xak%3A%20The%20Tower%20of%20Gazzel
Xak Precious Package: The Tower of Gazzel is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by the Japanese software developer MicroCabin. The game is a direct sequel to Xak: The Art of Visual Stage and Xak II: The Rising of the Red Moon. While technically being the third installment of the series, The Tower...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Conference%20on%20Microreaction%20Technology
The International Conference on Microreaction Technology (IMRET) is a scientific conference series in the field of micro process engineering and the science of microreactors. Chronology IMRET 1, Frankfurt, Germany, February 1997 IMRET 2, New Orleans, United States, March 1998 IMRET 3, Frankfurt, Germany, April 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-cable%20distribution
Single-cable distribution is a satellite TV technology that enables the delivery of broadcast programming to multiple users over a single coaxial cable, and eliminates the numerous cables required to support consumer electronics devices such as twin-tuner digital video recorders (DVRs) and high-end receivers. Without ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic%20Number%20Theory%20Symposium
Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium (ANTS) is a biennial academic conference, first held in Cornell in 1994, constituting an international forum for the presentation of new research in computational number theory. They are devoted to algorithmic aspects of number theory, including elementary number theory, algebraic nu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20hardness%20assumption
In computational complexity theory, a computational hardness assumption is the hypothesis that a particular problem cannot be solved efficiently (where efficiently typically means "in polynomial time"). It is not known how to prove (unconditional) hardness for essentially any useful problem. Instead, computer scientist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft%20Meteorological%20Data%20Relay
Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) is a program initiated by the World Meteorological Organization. AMDAR is used to collect meteorological data worldwide by using commercial aircraft. Data is collected by the aircraft navigation systems and the onboard standard temperature and static pressure probes. The dat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modal%20%CE%BC-calculus
In theoretical computer science, the modal μ-calculus (Lμ, Lμ, sometimes just μ-calculus, although this can have a more general meaning) is an extension of propositional modal logic (with many modalities) by adding the least fixed point operator μ and the greatest fixed point operator ν, thus a fixed-point logic. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASME%20Y14.41
ASME Y14.41 is a standard published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) which establishes requirements and reference documents applicable to the preparation and revision of digital product definition data (also known as model-based definition), which pertains to CAD software and those who use CAD softwar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptozoa
Cryptozoa is the collective name for small animals who live in darkness and under conditions of high relative humidity, as in the wet soil underneath rocks, decomposing tree bark etc. Examples include pseudoscorpions, slugs, centipedes and earwigs. The habitat of the cryptozoa allows avoidance of fluctuations of tempe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollination%20syndrome
Pollination syndromes are suites of flower traits that have evolved in response to natural selection imposed by different pollen vectors, which can be abiotic (wind and water) or biotic, such as birds, bees, flies, and so forth through a process called pollinator-mediated selection. These traits include flower shape, s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonthermal%20plasma
A nonthermal plasma, cold plasma or non-equilibrium plasma is a plasma which is not in thermodynamic equilibrium, because the electron temperature is much hotter than the temperature of heavy species (ions and neutrals). As only electrons are thermalized, their Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distribution is very different ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%2BShare
3+Share, also known simply as 3+ or 3 Plus, was a pioneering file and print sharing product from 3Com. Introduced in the early 1980s, 3+Share was competitive with Novell's NetWare in the network server business throughout the 1980s. It was replaced by the joint Microsoft-3Com LAN Manager in 1990, but 3Com exited the se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20educational%20software
This is a list of educational software that is computer software whose primary purpose is teaching or self-learning. Educational software by subject Anatomy 3D Indiana Bodyworks Voyager – Mission in Anatomy Primal Pictures Visible Human Project Chemistry Aqion - simulates water chemistry Children's software B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixer-settler
Mixer settlers are a class of mineral process equipment used in the solvent extraction process. A mixer settler consists of a first stage that mixes the phases together followed by a quiescent settling stage that allows the phases to separate by gravity. Mixer A mixing chamber where a mechanical agitator brings in i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinum%20volume%20manager
Vinum is a logical volume manager, also called software RAID, allowing implementations of the RAID-0, RAID-1 and RAID-5 models, both individually and in combination. The original Vinum was part of the base distribution of the FreeBSD operating system since 3.0, and also NetBSD between 2003-10-10 and 2006-02-25, as well...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptomorphism
In mathematics, two objects, especially systems of axioms or semantics for them, are called cryptomorphic if they are equivalent but not obviously equivalent. In particular, two definitions or axiomatizations of the same object are "cryptomorphic" if it is not obvious that they define the same object. Examples of cry...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimorph
A bimorph is a cantilever used for actuation or sensing which consists of two active layers. It can also have a passive layer between the two active layers. In contrast, a piezoelectric unimorph has only one active (i.e. piezoelectric) layer and one passive (i.e. non-piezoelectric) layer. Piezoelectric bimorph The ter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unimorph
A unimorph or monomorph is a cantilever that consists of one active layer and one inactive layer. In the case where active layer is piezoelectric, deformation in that layer may be induced by the application of an electric field. This deformation induces a bending displacement in the cantilever. The inactive layer may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20light%20scattering
Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is a technique in physics that can be used to determine the size distribution profile of small particles in suspension or polymers in solution. In the scope of DLS, temporal fluctuations are usually analyzed using the intensity or photon auto-correlation function (also known as photon cor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BasicX
BasicX is a free programming language designed specifically for NetMedia's BX-24 microcontroller and based on the BASIC programming language. It is used in the design of robotics projects such as the Robodyssey Systems Mouse robot. Further reading Odom, Chris D. BasicX and Robotics. Robodyssey Systems LLC, External l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regurgitation%20%28digestion%29
Regurgitation is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood. Regurgitation is used by a number of species to feed their young. This is typically in circumstances where the young are at a fixed location and a parent must forage or hunt for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20bridge
Computer bridge is the playing of the game contract bridge using computer software. After years of limited progress, since around the end of the 20th century the field of computer bridge has made major advances. In 1996 the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) established an official World Computer-Bridge Championshi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefuse
Prefuse is a Java-based toolkit for building interactive information visualization applications. It supports a rich set of features for data modeling, visualization and interaction. It provides optimized data structures for tables, graphs, and trees, a host of layout and visual encoding techniques, and support for anim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Lyapunov%20function
In control theory, a control-Lyapunov function (CLF) is an extension of the idea of Lyapunov function to systems with control inputs. The ordinary Lyapunov function is used to test whether a dynamical system is (Lyapunov) stable or (more restrictively) asymptotically stable. Lyapunov stability means that if the syst...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF%20inhibitor
A TNF inhibitor is a pharmaceutical drug that suppresses the physiologic response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is part of the inflammatory response. TNF is involved in autoimmune and immune-mediated disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, hidradeni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lessepsian%20migration
The Lessepsian migration (also called Erythrean invasion) is the migration of marine species across the Suez Canal, usually from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, and more rarely in the opposite direction. When the canal was completed in 1869, fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and other marine animals and plants were ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman%E2%80%93Penrose%20formalism
The Newman–Penrose (NP) formalism is a set of notation developed by Ezra T. Newman and Roger Penrose for general relativity (GR). Their notation is an effort to treat general relativity in terms of spinor notation, which introduces complex forms of the usual variables used in GR. The NP formalism is itself a special ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BB84
BB84 is a quantum key distribution scheme developed by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. It is the first quantum cryptography protocol. The protocol is provably secure assuming a perfect implementation, relying on two conditions: (1) the quantum property that information gain is only possible at the expense ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dualistic%20Petri%20nets
Dualistic Petri nets (dPNs) are a process-class variant of Petri nets. Like Petri nets in general and many related formalisms and notations, they are used to describe and analyze process architecture. Process Modeling with dPNs A simple, yet powerful way to model process architecture is using the dualistic extension ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxycytidine%20triphosphate
Deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP) is a nucleoside triphosphate that contains the pyrimidine base cytosine. The triphosphate group contains high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds, which liberate energy when hydrolized. DNA polymerase enzymes use this energy to incorporate deoxycytidine into a newly synthesized strand of D...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decipherment%20of%20ancient%20Egyptian%20scripts
The writing systems used in ancient Egypt were deciphered in the early nineteenth century through the work of several European scholars, especially Jean-François Champollion and Thomas Young. Ancient Egyptian forms of writing, which included the hieroglyphic, hieratic and demotic scripts, ceased to be understood in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridge%20detection
In image processing, ridge detection is the attempt, via software, to locate ridges in an image, defined as curves whose points are local maxima of the function, akin to geographical ridges. For a function of N variables, its ridges are a set of curves whose points are local maxima in N − 1 dimensions. In this respec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20on%20Numbers%20and%20Computation
The Book on Numbers and Computation (), or the Writings on Reckoning, is one of the earliest known Chinese mathematical treatises. It was written during the early Western Han dynasty, sometime between 202 BC and 186 BC. It was preserved among the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts and contains similar mathematical problems ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20heat%20exchanger
Marine heat exchangers are no different than non-marine heat exchangers except for the simple fact that they are found aboard ships. Heat exchangers can be used for a wide variety of uses. As the name implies, these can be used for heating as well as cooling. The two primary types of marine heat exchangers used aboard ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYSIWYS
In cryptography, What You See Is What You Sign (WYSIWYS) is a property of digital signature systems that ensures the semantic content of signed messages can not be changed, either by accident or intent. Mechanism of WYSIWYS When digitally signing a document, the integrity of the signature relies not just on the soundn...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VP/CSS
VP/CSS was a time-sharing operating system developed by National CSS. It began life in 1968 as a copy of IBM's CP/CMS, which at the time was distributed to IBM customers at no charge, in source code form, without support, as part of the IBM Type-III Library. Through extensive in-house development, in what today would b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perifocal%20coordinate%20system
The perifocal coordinate (PQW) system is a frame of reference for an orbit. The frame is centered at the focus of the orbit, i.e. the celestial body about which the orbit is centered. The unit vectors and lie in the plane of the orbit. is directed towards the periapsis of the orbit and has a true anomaly () of 90 d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20network%20positioning
Global network positioning is a coordinates-based mechanism in a peer-to-peer network architecture which predicts Internet network distance (i.e. round-trip propagation and transmission delay). The mechanism is based on absolute coordinates computed from modeling the Internet as a geometric space. Since end hosts maint...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Electronic%20Materials
The Journal of Electronic Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes studies, research, developments, and applications of materials that produce electronics. The editor-in-chief is Shadi Shahedipour-Sandvik, SUNY Polytechnic Institute.The IEEE/TMS Journal of Electronic Materials (JEM) is joi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxybenzotriazole
Hydroxybenzotriazole (abbreviated HOBt) is an organic compound that is a derivative of benzotriazole. It is a white crystalline powder, which as a commercial product contains some water (~11.7% wt as the HOBt monohydrate crystal). Anhydrous HOBt is explosive. It is mainly used to suppress the racemization of single-e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARKive
ARKive was a global initiative with the mission of "promoting the conservation of the world's threatened species, through the power of wildlife imagery", which it did by locating and gathering films, photographs and audio recordings of the world's species into a centralised digital archive. Its priority was the complet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady%20state%20%28electronics%29
In electronics, steady state is an equilibrium condition of a circuit or network that occurs as the effects of transients are no longer important. Steady state is reached (attained) after transient (initial, oscillating or turbulent) state has subsided. During steady state, a system is in relative stability. Steady st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles%20and%20Misra%20method
The Miles and Misra Method (or surface viable count) is a technique used in Microbiology to determine the number of colony forming units in a bacterial suspension or homogenate. The technique was first described in 1938 by Miles, Misra and Irwin who at the time were working at the LSHTM. The Miles and Misra method has...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mix%20network
Mix networks are routing protocols that create hard-to-trace communications by using a chain of proxy servers known as mixes which take in messages from multiple senders, shuffle them, and send them back out in random order to the next destination (possibly another mix node). This breaks the link between the source of ...