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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient%20scripts%20of%20the%20Indian%20subcontinent | Ancient Indian scripts have been used in the history of the Indian subcontinent as writing systems. The Indian subcontinent consists of various separate linguistic communities, each of which share a common language and culture. The people of the ancient India wrote in many scripts which largely have common roots.
Indus script
The Indus script (also known as the Harappan script) is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley civilization, in Harrapa and Kot Diji.
Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system. In spite of many attempts, the 'script' has not yet been deciphered, but efforts are ongoing. It was used during time period of 2700–1900 BCE
Gupta script
The Gupta script (sometimes referred to as Gupta Brahmi script or Late Brahmi script) was used for writing Sanskrit and is associated with the Gupta Empire of India, which was a period of material prosperity and great religious and scientific developments. The Gupta script was descended from Brāhmī and gave rise to the Nāgarī, Śāradā and Siddhaṃ scripts. These scripts in turn gave rise to many of the most important scripts of India, including Devanāgarī (the most common script used for writing Sanskrit since the 19th century), the Gurmukhī script for Punjabi, the Bengali-Assamese script and the Tibetan script.
Siddhaṃ script
(also ), also known in its later evolved form as Siddhamātṛkā, is a medieval Brahmic abugida, derived from the Gupta script and ancestral to the Nāgarī, Assamese, Bengali, Tirhuta, Odia and Nepalese scripts.
Tibetan script
The Tibetan script is a segmental writing system (abugida) of Indic origin used to write certain Tibetic languages, including Tibetan, Dzongkha, Sikkimese, Ladakhi, Jirel and sometimes Balti. It has also been used for some non-Tibetic languages in close cultural contact with Tibet, such as Thakali. The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetranucleotide%20hypothesis | The tetranucleotide hypothesis of Phoebus Levene proposed that DNA was composed of repeating sequences of four nucleotides. It was very influential for three decades, and was developed by Levene at least into the 1910, and the diagram at the right illustrates the view of Levene and Tipson. In 1940, at the time of Levene's death, Bass wrote in his obituary
As a result of Levene’s work we have an exact concept of the structures of these huge molecules, probably the most complex biological materials whose architectural picture has been reconstructed.
In that form there is an implication that the four bases are present in equal amounts in DNA, and small variations in the experimental values were assumed to be the result of experimental error.
However, Erwin Chargaff showed that the four frequencies were not equal, with variations consistent between different studies. Specifically, according to his rules the correct relationship is G = C ≠ A = T. The equalities G = C and A = T suggested that these bases were paired, this pairing being the basis of the DNA structure that is now known to be correct. Conversely the inequalities G ≠ A etc. meant that DNA could not have a systematic repetition of a fundamental unit, as required by the tetranucleotide hypothesis. Thus there was no reason why the sequence could not store information.
In later years some authorities considered the tetranucleotide hypothesis to have been harmful to the development of molecular biology. Bentley Glass, for example, called it a "scientific catastrophe". More recently, Hargittai saw it in a more positive light, and Frixione and Ruiz-Zamarripa wrote as follows:
[Levene's] work was to culminate in Levene and Tipson’s 1935 report showing accurately for the first time the actual molecular structure of DNA, as well as a nearly correct depiction of the RNA structure. This achievement merits the distinction of this paper as a Classic in molecular biology literature.
References
Biochemistry
Molecula |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lichtheimia | Lichtheimia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Lichtheimiaceae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species
Species:
Lichtheimia blakesleeana
Lichtheimia brasiliensis
Lichtheimia corymbifera
Lichtheimia ramosa
References
Fungi
Fungus genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspur%20Server%20Series | Inspur Server Series is a series of server computers introduced in 1993 by Inspur, an information technology company, and later expanded to the international markets. The servers were likely among the first originally manufactured by a Chinese company. It is currently developed by Inspur Information and its San Francisco-based subsidiary company - Inspur Systems, both Inspur's spinoff companies. The product line includes GPU Servers, Rack-mounted servers, Open Computing Servers and Multi-node Servers.
Timeline of server production
1993, Inspur developed SMP2000, one of the first China-manufactured server based on 10 processors.
2000. The first production line was completed with an annual capacity of 100,000 servers.
2003. The annual production capacity increased to 300,000 units.
2010. The company released SR 1.0 rack scale server. Its technical features, including power supply and management have later become the ODCC standards.
In May 2014, Inspur formally joined SPEC (Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation).
2017. Inspur launched the ultra-high density GPU supercomputer AGX-2, one of the first 2U 8GPUs servers with an enabled NVLink2.0. In 2017, the company's production ranked the 3rd place among the world's server manufactures both in shipment and revenues, behind Dell EMC and HPE, according to Gartner and other sources.
2018. Inspur server i48 and NF5486M5 were listed in the CRN top ten enterprise servers. The same year, the company produced a server with the world's highest storage density at the time of release.
2019. Inspur delivered a shipment of rack scale servers of more than 10,000 nodes to the Baidu data center in 8 hours, which set the industry's new record. The delivery and deployment model reached L11 (Rack Level Integration). The same year, it also released NE5260M5, the first edge computing server in line with ODCC Open Telecom IT standards. It also released and open-sourced NF8260M5 code named “Crane Mountain”, the industry's first hig |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cart.com | Cart.com is an American technology company with a focus on e-commerce software and services. The company's offerings include its proprietary e-commerce platform and multi-channel management software, fulfillment services, marketing services, customer service, and e-commerce analytics software. The company's aims to eliminate pain points merchants encounter when using Amazon or Shopify to sell online. The company is headquartered in Austin, TX.
History
Cart.com was founded in October 2020 by Jim Jacobsen, the co-founder and former CEO of direct-to-consumer brand RTIC Outdoors and co-founder of alliantgroup, and Omair Tariq, former executive at direct-to-consumer custom blinds provider blinds.com, which was acquired by The Home Depot. Other founding team members included Remington Tonar and Henry Hanley.
In January 2021, Cart.com announced the acquisition of AmeriCommerce, a Texas-based e-commerce software company. In February 2021, Cart.com announced the acquisition of Cheap Cheap Moving Boxes, a direct-to-consumer box company, for its warehouse and logistics capabilities.
In April 2021, the company announced the completion of its Series A funding round to bring the total funding to $45M. The round was led by Houston-based Mercury Fund and Florida-based Arsenal Growth.
In July 2021, Cart.com announced the acquisition of The DuMont Project, a Los Angeles-based e-commerce marketing agency, and the acquisition of Sauceda Industries, an Austin-based third-party logistics provider.
In August 2021, Cart.com announced the closing of a $98M Series B funding round led by Oak HC/FT with participation from PayPal Ventures, Clearco, and G9 Ventures.
In December 2021, the company announced that it moved its global headquarters from Houston, TX to Austin, TX, and had been recognized with venture firm Capital Factory's Startup of the Year award.
In January 2022, Cart.com announced the acquisition of FB Flurry, a software-enabled third-party logistics provider with facilities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Remote%20Access%20Computing | IBM Remote Access Computing (RAX) is a discontinued early time-sharing system for IBM System/360 introduced in 1966. RAX was based on an earlier system, RACS. developed jointly by IBM and Lockheed Aircraft in Marietta, Georgia in 1965. The system influenced a number of other timesharing systems including MCGILL-RAX from McGill University, McGill's MUSIC, and Reactive Terminal Service (RTS) from ITT Data Services. In the 1970s Boston University used RAX as the basis of its VPS system, which ran as a guest operating system running on VM/370.
Hardware
RAX was available from IBM as program number 360A-CX-17X, and runs on System/360 Model 30 and above.As announced, it runs on systems with as little as 64 KB of main storage, and supports a mix of up to 63 IBM 1050 typewriter terminals and IBM 2260 display terminals. The languages supported are BASIC, FORTRAN IV, and IBM Basic assembly language. In a minimal system with 64 KB memory, user programs can be up to 32 KB, with larger programs allowed on larger systems.
Users
In 1968 RAX was used by the United States Department of Agriculture for their Washington Data Processing Center. It was used in a number of colleges, universities, and corporations, including McGill, Boston University, St. Andrew's in Scotland, The University of Rhode Island, and Bell Aerosystems.
Notes
References
Time-sharing operating systems
Operating system technology
Assembly language software
IBM mainframe operating systems
IBM mainframe software
1966 software
Free software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20constant | Transfer constants are low-frequency gains (or in general ratios of the output to input variables) evaluated under different combinations of shorting and opening of reactive elements in the circuit (i.e., capacitors and inductors). They are used in general time- and transfer constant (TTC) analysis to determine the numerator terms and the zeros in the transfer function. The transfer constants are calculated under similar zero- and infinite-value conditions of reactive elements used in the Cochran-Grabel (CG) method to calculate time constants, but calculating the low-frequency transfer functions from a defined input source to the output terminal, instead of the resistance seen by the reactive elements.
Transfer constants are shown as , where the superscripts , are the indexes of the elements infinite valued (short-circuited capacitors and open-circuited inductors) in calculation of the transfer constant and the remains elements zero valued.
The zeroth order transfer constant denotes the ratio of the output to input when all elements are zero-valued (hence the superscript of 0). often corresponds to the dc gain of the system.
References
Electronics
Electronic circuits |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montanelia | Montanelia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Parmeliaceae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species:
Montanelia disjuncta
Montanelia occultipanniformis
Montanelia panniformis
Montanelia predisjuncta
Montanelia saximontana
Montanelia secwepemc
Montanelia sorediata
Montanelia tominii
References
Lichen genera
Parmeliaceae
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial%20onset%20sensory%20and%20motor%20neuronopathy | Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy, often abbreviated FOSMN, is a rare disorder of the nervous system in which sensory and motor nerves of the face and limbs progressively degenerate over a period of months to years. This degenerative process, the cause of which is unknown, eventually results in sensory and motor symptoms — the former consisting mainly of paresthesia followed by numbness, and the latter in muscle weakness, atrophy, and eventual paralysis. In many ways, it is reminiscent of the much better known condition amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, with which it is closely related. There is no cure; treatment is supportive. Life expectancy may be shortened by respiratory complications arising from weakness of the muscles that aid breathing and swallowing. It was first described in four patients by Vucic and colleagues working at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the United States; subsequent reports from the United Kingdom, Europe and Asia point to a global incidence of the disease. It is thought to be exceptionally rare, with only approximately 100 individuals described to date in the medical literature.
Signs and symptoms
Cause
The aetiology of FOSMN is unknown.
Diagnosis
In common with many neurological diseases, there is no one 'test' for FOSMN. The diagnosis can be notoriously difficult, mainly on account of its rarity: even expert neurologists experienced in the diagnosis of diseases of the peripheral nervous system may not previously have encountered a case. The principal differential diagnosis to consider is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or a related motor neurone disorder: the chief distinction between the two is the presence of sensory abnormalities in FOSMN, and their absence in the motor neurone disorders. Diagnostic tests such as nerve conduction studies, electromyography, cerebrospinal fluid analyses, and blood tests can help narrow the diagnostic possibilities and support a clinical diagnosis.
Treatment
There is currently no cur |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focal%20molography | Focal molography (“molography” in short) is a biophysical method for robust and sensitive detection of biomolecular interactions in a label-free manner. The new method enables biomolecular interaction analysis in complex biological samples without the use of additional fluorescent labels. Molography widens the analytic scope of biomolecular interaction analysis techniques in a broad range of applications, e.g. label-free trace analysis of a targeted molecule (called biomarker) in complex samples, such as blood sera, bioreactor fluid or cell culture media. Contrary to refractometric methods for label-free biomolecular interaction analysis, such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS), molography allows quantification of molecular interactions in living cells in real time.
Principle
The working principle of molography is illustrated in Figure 1. Molography is based on diffraction of laser light at a special 2D nanopattern of molecular binding sites on the surface of a sensor chip, termed mologram. A mologram is a coherent assembly of binding sites on a chip that form the blueprint of molecular hologram. The hologram has the shape of a focusing diffractive lens and is illuminated by an evanescent wave. Evanescent waves occur when light is totally internally reflected at an interface of two dielectrics. Biomolecules that bind to the mologram diffract laser light into a diffraction-limited focal spot in three dimensional space, the focal point of the mologram. The intensity of the focused light correlates quadratically with the amount of bound molecules on the mologram and therefore also the number of biomolecular interactions that take place.
In complex biological samples, the concentration of off-target molecules is usually significantly higher than the target molecules. Therefore, even in the absence of recognition elements the off-target molecules readily adsorb to the surface of the sensor. However, this a r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planetary%20coordinate%20system | A planetary coordinate system (also referred to as planetographic, planetodetic, or planetocentric) is a generalization of the geographic, geodetic, and the geocentric coordinate systems for planets other than Earth.
Similar coordinate systems are defined for other solid celestial bodies, such as in the selenographic coordinates for the Moon.
The coordinate systems for almost all of the solid bodies in the Solar System were established by Merton E. Davies of the Rand Corporation, including Mercury, Venus, Mars, the four Galilean moons of Jupiter, and Triton, the largest moon of Neptune.
Longitude
The longitude systems of most of those bodies with observable rigid surfaces have been defined by references to a surface feature such as a crater. The north pole is that pole of rotation that lies on the north side of the invariable plane of the Solar System (near the ecliptic). The location of the prime meridian as well as the position of the body's north pole on the celestial sphere may vary with time due to precession of the axis of rotation of the planet (or satellite). If the position angle of the body's prime meridian increases with time, the body has a direct (or prograde) rotation; otherwise the rotation is said to be retrograde.
In the absence of other information, the axis of rotation is assumed to be normal to the mean orbital plane; Mercury and most of the satellites are in this category. For many of the satellites, it is assumed that the rotation rate is equal to the mean orbital period. In the case of the giant planets, since their surface features are constantly changing and moving at various rates, the rotation of their magnetic fields is used as a reference instead. In the case of the Sun, even this criterion fails (because its magnetosphere is very complex and does not really rotate in a steady fashion), and an agreed-upon value for the rotation of its equator is used instead.
For planetographic longitude, west longitudes (i.e., longitudes measured po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20self-determination | Digital self-determination is a multidisciplinary concept derived from the legal concept of self-determination and applied to the digital sphere, to address the unique challenges to individual and collective agency and autonomy arising with increasing digitalization of many aspects of society and daily life.
Origins
There is no philosophically or legally agreed-upon concept of digital self-determination yet. Broadly speaking, the term describes the attempt to comprehensively project the pattern of human self-determination (as first explored in disciplines like philosophy and psychology, and in the law) into the digital age.
The concept has been included in an official document for the first time by ARCEP, the French Telecoms Regulator, in a section of its 2021 Report on the State of the Internet, exploring the work on "Network Self-determination" conducted by Professor Luca Belli.
Self-determination
Philosophy
The concept of self-determination relates to concepts of subjectivity, dignity, and autonomy in classic central-European philosophy and derived from Immanuel Kant's conception of freedom. Self-determination presupposes that human beings are entities capable of reason and responsibility for their own rationally chosen and justified actions (autonomy), and ought to be treated accordingly. In formulating his categorical imperative (kategorischer Imperativ), Kant suggested that humans, as a condition of their autonomy, must never be treated as a means to an end but as an end in itself. The pattern of self-determination similarly aims at enabling autonomous human beings to create, choose and pursue their own identity, action, and life choices without undue interference.
Psychology
In psychology, the concept of self-determination is closely related to self-regulation and intrinsic motivation, i.e., engaging in a behavior or activity because it is inherently rewarding to do so, as opposed to being driven by external motivations or pressures, like monetary |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marsh%20organ | The marsh organ is a collection of plastic pipes attached to a wooden framework that is placed in marshes to measure the effects of inundation time and flood frequency on the productivity of marsh vegetation. The information is used for scientific research purposes.
The marsh organ was developed by James Morris from the University of South Carolina with support from the National Science Foundation and NOAA's National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science. Their objective was to quantify short-term and long-term effects of sea level rise on coastal processes such as plant productivity, decomposition of organic matter in soil, sedimentation that contribute to the structuring of wetland stability.
Climate change
The marsh organ is used to determine how well various coastal processes will respond to sea level rise. Climate change impacts such as accelerated sea level rise causes coastal marshes to experience higher water levels than normal, which leads to higher salinity inland, sediment and elevation loss, and change to the plant community structure.
These consequences will affect stress-gradients that are imposed on coastal vegetation, but the tolerances of these plant species and the trade-offs they may experience are unclear. This device is a way to directly manipulate what marsh vegetation may experience in the future and provide better insight into the restoration efforts needed to prevent detrimental consequences to coastal marshes.
Design
The marsh organ is a structure with rows of pipes at different vertical elevations. These pipes are filled with mud and marsh plant species are planted into each pipe. The various vertical levels represent varying water-level "elevation" that the marsh plants would experience. As the tides ebb and flow, the pipes are exposed to rising and falling water levels. Scientists can adjust various factors, such as the total elevation of the setup, flooding duration, added nutrients and much more.
Over time, scientists can gather |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20aging%20research | This timeline lists notable events in the history of research into senescence or biological aging, including the research and development of life extension methods, brain aging delay methods and rejuvenation.
People have long been interested in making their lives longer and healthier. The most anсient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese books contain reasoning about aging. Ancient Egyptians used garlic in large quantities to extend their lifespan. Hippocrates (), in his Aphorisms, and Aristotle (384 – 322 BC), in On youth and old age, expressed their opinions about reasons for old age and gave advice about lifestyle. Medieval Persian physician Ibn Sina ( – 1037), known in the West as Avicenna, summarized the achievements of earlier generations about this issue.
Background
Descriptions of rejuvenation and immortality remedies are often found in the writings of alchemists. But all those remedies did not allow even alchemists themselves to live longer than a hundred years.
Though the average lifespan of people through the past millennia increased significantly, maximum lifespan almost did not change - even in ancient times there were fairly well and unbiasedly documented cases when some people lived for more than a hundred years (for example, Terentia who lived 103 or 104 years). While among the billions of people of the modern world, there is only one case of life over 120 years (Jeanne Calment, 122 years). The super-long lives of people that are mentioned in ancient books, apparently, are highly exaggerated, since archaeological data show that even the oldest of the ancient people lived no more than modern supercentenarians. In some cases the exaggeration, possibly, is not intentional but occurs due to errors in translation between languages and synchronization of chronological systems. The species limit of human life is estimated by scientists at 125–127 years, and even in the most ideal conditions a person will not live longer due to aging of the body.
Some scientist |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube%20and%20privacy | Since its founding in 2005, the American video-sharing website YouTube has been faced with a growing number of privacy issues, including allegations that it allows users to upload unauthorized copyrighted material and allows personal information from young children to be collected without their parents' consent.
Early history (2005–2010)
On March 12, 2007, Viacom sued YouTube, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1.5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works".
During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights".
COPPA settlement
In April 2018, a coalition of 23 groups (including the CCFC, CDD, and Common Sense Media) filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, alleging that YouTube collected information from users under the age of 13 without parental consent, in violation of the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA).
In September 2019, YouTube was fined $170 million by the FTC for collecting personal information from minors under the age of 13 (in particular, viewing history) without parental consent, in order to allow channel operators to serve targeted advertising on their videos. In particular, the FTC ruled that YouTube was partly liable under COPPA, as the service's rating and curation of content as being suitable for children constituted the targeting of the website towards children. In order to comply with the settlement, YouTube was ordered to "develop, implement, and maintain a system for Channel Owners to designate whether their Content on the YouTube Servic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traverse%20%28fortification%29 | A traverse, in military fortification, is a mass of earth or other material employed to protect troops against enfilade. It is constructed at right angles to the parapet manned by the defenders, and is continued sufficiently far to the rear to give the protection required by the circumstances, which, moreover, determine its height. A traverse is sometimes utilized as a casemate. Ordinary field works, not less than those of more solid construction, require traversing, though if the trenches, instead of being continuous, are broken into short lengths, they are traversed by the unbroken earth intervening between each length.
References
Military terminology
Military engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabdosphaeraceae | Rhabdosphaeraceae is a family of algae belonging to the order Syracosphaerales.
Genera
The following is a list of Rhabdosphaeraceae genera:
Acanthoica Lohmann, 1903
Algirosphaera Schlauder, 1945
Amitha Shafik, 1989
Anacanthoica G. Deflandre, 1952
Anthosphaera
Blackites W.W. Hay & K.M. Towe, 1962
Cepekiella P.H. Roth, 1970
Cruxia O. Varol, 1989
Cyrtosphaera A. Kleijne, 1992
Discosphaera Haeckel, 1894
Discoturbella P.H. Roth, 1970
Naninfula K. Perch-Nielsen, 1968
Notiocyrtolithus Shafik, 1989
Ommatolithus Shafik, 1989
Palusphaera Lecal, 1966
Pseudorhabdosphaera Lecel & Bernheim, 1960
Pseudotriquetrorhabdulus S.W. Wise, 1976
Rhabdolithes O. Schmidt, 1870
Solisphaera J. Bollmann, M.Y. Cortés, A. Kleijne, J.B. Østerogaard, & J.R. Young, 2006
References
Algae
Haptophyte families |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achnanthaceae | Achnanthaceae is a family of algae belonging to the order Achnanthales.
Genera:
Achnanthes Bory, 1822
Amphicocconeis M.De Stephano & D.Marino, 2002
Diatomella
Haloroundia C.A.Düaz & N.I.Maidana, 2006
Platebaikalia Kulikovskiy, Glushchenko, Genkal & Kociolek, 2020
Platessa H.Lange-Bertalot, 2004
References
Algae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laylight | As an element of architecture, a laylight is a glazed panel usually set flush with the ceiling for the purpose of admitting natural or artificial light. Laylights typically utilize stained glass or lenses in their glazing. A laylight differs from a glazed (or closed) skylight in that a skylight functions as a roof window or aperture, while a laylight is flush with the ceiling of an interior space. When paired with a roof lantern or skylight on a sloped roof, a laylight functions as an interior light diffuser. Before the advent of electric lighting, laylights allowed transmission of light between floors in larger buildings, and were not always paired with skylights.
See also
Daylighting
Pavement light
Prism lighting
References
Lighting
Windows
Energy-saving lighting
Solar architecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical%20shadow | In quantum computing, classical shadow is a protocol for predicting functions of a quantum state using only a logarithmic number of measurements. Given an unknown state , a tomographically complete set of gates (e.g Clifford gates), a set of observables and a quantum channel (defined by randomly sampling from , applying it to and measuring the resulting state); predict the expectation values . A list of classical shadows is created using , and by running a Shadow generation algorithm. When predicting the properties of , a Median-of-means estimation algorithm is used to deal with the outliers in . Classical shadow is useful for direct fidelity estimation, entanglement verification, estimating correlation functions, and predicting entanglement entropy.
Recently, researchers have built on classical shadow to devise provably efficient classical machine learning algorithms for a wide range of quantum many-body problems. For example, machine learning models could learn to solve ground states of quantum many-body systems and classify quantum phases of matter.
Inputs copies of an unknown -qubit state
A list of unitaries that is tomographically complete
A classical description of a quantum channel
For ranging from to :
Choose a random unitary from
Apply to to get a state
Perform a computational basis measurement on for an outcome
Classically compute and add it to a list
Return
Inputs A list of observables
A classical shadow
A positive integer that specifies how many linear estimates of to calculate.
Return A list where
where and where .
References
Quantum information science
Quantum information theory
Quantum measurement
Quantum computing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogen%20avoidance | Pathogen avoidance, also referred to as, parasite avoidance or pathogen disgust, refers to the theory that the disgust response, in humans, is an adaptive system that guides behavior to avoid infection caused by parasites such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, helminth worms, arthropods and social parasites. Pathogen avoidance is a psychological mechanism associated with the behavioral immune system. Pathogen avoidance has been discussed as one of the three domains of disgust which also include sexual and moral disgust.
Evolutionary significance
In nature, controlling or the avoidance of pathogens is an essential fitness strategy because disease-causing agents are ever-present. Pathogens reproduce rapidly at the expense of their hosts' fitness, this creates a coevolutionary arms race between pathogen transmission and host avoidance. For a pathogen to move to a new host, it must exploit regions of the body that serve as points of contact between current and future hosts such as the mouth, the skin, the anus and the genitals. To avoid the cost of infection, organisms require counteradaptations to prevent pathogen transmission, by defending entry points such as the mouth and skin and avoiding other individual's exit points and the substances exiting these points such as feces and sneeze droplets. Pathogen avoidance provides the first line of defense by physically avoiding conspecifics, other species, objects or locations that could increase vulnerability to pathogens.
The pathogen avoidance theory of disgust predicts that behavior that reduces contact with pathogens, will have been under strong selection throughout the evolution of free-living organisms and should be prevalent throughout the Animalia kingdom. Compared to the alternative, facing the infectious threat, avoidance likely provides a reduction in exposure to pathogens and in energetic costs associated with activation of the physiological immune response. These behaviors are found throughout the anima |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin%20Corduneanu | Constantin Corduneanu (July 26, 1928 – December 26, 2018) was a Romanian-American mathematician and professor of mathematics at the University of Texas at Arlington. In 2015, he was elected a titular member of the Romanian Academy. He was a corresponding member of the Academy since 1974. A Festschrift in his honor, titled Mathematical Analysis With Applications, was published in 2018.
Corduneanu was born in Potângeni, Iași County. He received his Ph.D. in 1956 from the University of Iași with thesis Probleme globale pentru ecuațiile diferențiale de ordin I și II written under the supervision of Ilie Popa.
Books
Almost Periodic Functions (1968)
Integral Equations and Stability of Feedback Systems (1973)
Integral Equations and Applications (1991)
Functional Equations with Causal Operators (2001)
Almost Periodic Oscillations and Waves (2009)
Functional Differential Equations: Advances and Applications (2016)
References
External links
1928 births
2018 deaths
People from Iași County
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
Academic staff of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
University of Texas at Arlington faculty
Titular members of the Romanian Academy
Romanian mathematicians
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Romanian emigrants to the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20Builder%20Garage | is a programming game developed and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. It was announced on May 5, 2021, and released on June 11, 2021.
Gameplay
In Game Builder Garage, the player uses a visual programming language centralized on the concept of creatures called Nodon. The Nodon represent various facets of input, game output, logic, and on-screen objects, such as a Stick Nodon that reports input from the Joy-Con analog stick or a Person Nodon that represents an on-screen character. The player builds a program by adding Nodon and making connections between the various nodes on Nodon, such as connecting the Stick Nodon to the Person Nodon as to tie the analog stick to movement of the character on-screen. Nodon are available to interface nearly all features of the Switch and Joy-Con, including the infrared sensors and motion controls.
The game features a lesson mode to guide the player through using the Nodon language and to help them understand some of the principles of game development through a series of seven built-in games that the player can create.
Games built within Game Builder Garage can support up to eight different Joy-Con, effectively allowing up to eight-player local multiplayer games to be built.
Game Builder Garage has a share function, that allows creators to upload their games and share them with other people. However, it does not feature a game browser, but rather a code has to be shared by the creator for other people to access it. Fans of the game have been creating their own platforms for sharing their games; the most popular one being MyGarage Games.
The game also allows for the use of commercial USB computer mice.
Development
The game was announced on May 5, 2021, being released on June 11, 2021. Game Builder Garage was developed specifically by Nintendo EPD 4, the division behind games like Nintendo Labo, Ring Fit Adventure, 1-2-Switch, Miitopia and many more. The game was directed by Naoki Masuda, a programmer at Nintendo wh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20data | In computer storage, cold data refers to data that is rarely accessed, therefore considered "cold".
Cold data is the opposite of hot data, which is data that is frequently accessed.
Uses
To optimize storage costs, cold data can be stored on lower performing and less expensive storage media. For example, solid state disks may be used for storing hot data, while cold data can be moved to hard drives, optical discs, tapes, or migrated to cloud storage.
See also
References
Data storage
Computer data storage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennellomyces | Fennellomyces is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Syncephalastraceae.
Species:
Fennellomyces gigacellularis
Fennellomyces heterothallicus
Fennellomyces linderi
Fennellomyces verticillatus
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D4Science | D4Science is an organisation operating a Data Infrastructure offering a rich array of services by community-driven virtual research environments.
In particular, it supports communities of practice willing to implement open science practices.
The infrastructure follows the system of systems approach, where the constituent systems (Service providers) offer “resources” (namely services and by them data, computing, storage) assembled together to implement the overall set of D4Science services. In particular, D4Science aggregates “domain agnostic” service providers as well as community-specific ones to build a unifying space where the aggregated resources can be exploited via Virtual research Environments and their services.
This organization is hosted by the Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione of National Research Council (Italy).
At the earth of this infrastructure there is an Open Source Software named gCube system.
Services
D4Science offers a rich array of services:
Virtual Research Environment as a Service providing any community of practice with a dedicated working environment supporting any knowledge production process in a collaborative way, in fact every VRE enables computer-supported cooperative work by design. D4Science-based VREs are web-based, community-oriented, collaborative, user-friendly, open-science-enabler working environments for scientists and practitioners willing to work together to perform a set of (research) task. From the end-user perspective, each VRE manifests in a unifying web application (and a set of application programming interfaces (APIs)): (a) comprising several applications organised in specific menu items and (b) running in a plain web browser. Every application is providing VRE users with facilities implemented by relying on one or more services provisioned by diverse providers. Among the basic services every VRE is equipped with there are
a Social Networking area enabling collaborative and open discussions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halteromyces | Halteromyces is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Cunninghamellaceae.
Species:
Halteromyces radiatus Shipton & Schipper
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoblepharis | Monoblepharis is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Monoblepharidaceae.
The genus has almost cosmopolitan distribution.
Species
Species:
Monoblepharis bullata
Monoblepharis fasciculata
Monoblepharis hypogyna
Monoblepharis insignis
Monoblepharis laevis
Monoblepharis macranda
Monoblepharis macrandra
Monoblepharis micrandra
Monoblepharis ovigera
Monoblepharis polymorpha
Monoblepharis regignens
Monoblepharis sphaerica
Monoblepharis thalassinosa
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodlnaut | Hodlnaut is a Singapore-based cryptocurrency lending and borrowing platform that lost 69% of the cryptocurrencies that users deposited onto the platform.
Co-founded by Juntao Zhu and Simon Lee in 2019, it is advertised as a platform that allows users to earn interest on cryptocurrencies that they deposit through those funds being safely lent out to carefully selected institutions. On 8 August, it disabled the ability of users to withdraw their cryptocurrencies from the platform citing market conditions, however it later became known that Hodlnaut had actually been holding virtually all of its users' deposited funds in the TerraUSD stablecoin which had collapsed in May leading to the massive loss of users funds. The collapse of TerraUSD has similarly led to the bankruptcy of hedgefund Three Arrows Capital and lender Celsius Network. The company has applied for Judicial Management.
History
CEO Juntao Zhu has previously worked with Credit Suisse before co-founding Hodlnaut with Simon Lee (CTO and co-founder of Hodlnaut). Hodlnaut is a portfolio company of Antler – a global VC firm that backs early-stage startups.
On February 3, 2021, Crowe Singapore performed an independent verification exercise to validate US$106 million in crypto assets held by Hodlnaut.
On March 15, 2022, Hodlnaut secured an In-Principle Approval for their Token Swap service from the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for a Major Payment Institution License.
Once all conditions would have been met, both Digital Treasures Center (DTC) and Hodlnaut would have been able to provide cryptocurrency services in Singapore under the Payment Services Act.
Collapse
In May 2022, the algorithmic US Dollar-stablecoin known as TerraUSD or UST, started to fail in holding its 1:1 peg with the US Dollar. UST, which is native to the Terra Blockchain, was a very popular coin up until that point due to the availability of Anchor Protocol, a decentralized application on the Terra Blockchain that allowed UST to b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20presentation%20programs | The following is a list of notable presentation software.
Free and open-source software
Apache OpenOffice Impress
Beamer
Calligra Stage
Collabora Online Impress for all Online, Mobile and Desktop apps. Enterprise-ready edition of LibreOffice
LibreOffice Impress
MagicPoint
NeoOffice Impress
OnlyOffice Desktop Editors
Powerdot
Proprietary software
Commercial
Apple Keynote, part of its iWork suite – Mac, iOS
Corel Presentations - Windows
Documents To Go – Android, iOS, Windows Mobile, Symbian
Gobe Productive presentation editor
Hancom Office Show
Microsoft PowerPoint – Windows and Mac
Polaris Office – Android and Windows Mobile
QuickOffice – Android, iOS, Symbian
SoftMaker Presentations
WPS Office Presentation – Windows and Linux
Freeware
Atlantis Nova – Windows
Baraha – free Indian language software
Bean
Jarte
SoftMaker Presentations
WPS Office Presentation Personal Edition
Online
Apple Keynote
Brainshark
Google Slides
Hancom Office Show
Mentimeter
Microsoft PowerPoint Online – free online service
Microsoft Sway
OnlyOffice
Prezi
SlideShare
Wooclap
Historical
Adobe Persuasion
AppleWorks (formerly ClarisWorks presentation editing) – Windows and Mac; also an older and unrelated application for Apple II
CA-Cricket Presents
Docstoc
Harvard Graphics
IBM Lotus Symphony
Lotus Freelance Graphics – Windows
Microsoft PowerPoint Viewer
SlideRocket
See also
List of office suites
Presentation program
References
Presentation software
presentation programs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioinstructive%20material | Bioinstructive materials provide instruction to biological cells or tissue, for example immune instruction when monocytes are cultured on certain polymers they polarise to pro- or anti-inflammatory macrophages with potential applications in implanted devices, or materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. Due to the paucity of information on the mechanism of materials control of cells, beyond the general recognition of the important role of adsorbed biomolecules, high throughput screening of large libraries of materials, topographies, and shapes are often used to identify cell instructive material systems. Applications of bioinstructive materials as substrates for stem cell production, cell delivery and reduction of foreign body reaction and coatings to reduce infections on medical devices. This non-leaching approach is distinct from strategies of infection control relying on antibiotic release, cytokine delivery or guidance of cells by surface located epitopes inspired by nature.
Multifunctional alginate scaffolds for T cell engineering and release
An example of bioinstructive scaffolds utilized is the Multifunctional alginate scaffolds for T cell engineering and release (MASTER). MASTER is technique for in situ engineering, replication and release of genetically engineered T cells. It is an evolution of CAR-T cell therapy. T cells are extracted from the patient and mixed with a genetically engineered virus that contains a cancer targeting gene (as with CAR T). The mixture is then added to a MASTER (scaffold), which absorbs them. The MASTER contains antibodies that activate the T cells and interleukins that trigger cell proliferation. The MASTER is then implanted into the patient. The activated T cells interact with the viruses to become CAR T cells. The interleukins stimulate these CAR T cells to proliferate, and the CAR T cells exit the MASTER to attack the cancer. The technique takes hours instead of weeks. And because the cells are younger, they las |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomocladium | Dichotomocladium is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Syncephalastraceae.
Species:
Dichotomocladium elegans
Dichotomocladium floridanum
Dichotomocladium hesseltinei
Dichotomocladium robustum
Dichotomocladium sphaerosporum
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCube%20system | gCube is an open source software system specifically designed and developed to enact the building and operation of a Data Infrastructure providing their users with a rich array of services suitable for supporting the co-creation of Virtual Research Environments and promoting the implementation of open science workflows and practices. It is at the heart of the D4Science Data Infrastructure.
It is primarily organised in a number of web service called to offer functionality supporting the phases of knowledge production and sharing. In addition, it consists of a set of software libraries supporting service development, service-to-service integration, and service capabilities extension, and a set of portlets dedicated to realise user interface constituents facilitating the exploitation of one or more services.
It is designed and conceived to enact system of systems. In fact, its gCube services rely on standards and mediators to interact with other services as well as are made available by standard and APIs to make it possible for clients to use them. For instance, the DataMiner service implements the Web Processing Service protocol to facilitate clients to execute processes.
The set of components dealing with Identity and Access Management rely on Keycloak and federates other IDMs thus making the overall Authentication and the Authorization management compliant with open standards such as OAuth2, User-Managed Access (UMA), and OpenID Connect (OIDC)protocols.
The Catalogue relies on DCAT, OAI-PMH, and Catalogue Service for the Web to collect contents from other catalogues and data sources and offers its content by DCAT, OAI-PMH, and a proprietary REST API (gCat REST API).
Its Continuous Integration/Continuous Delivery pipeline implemented by Jenkins represents an innovative approach to software delivering conceived to be scalable and easy to maintain and upgrade at a minimal cost (see Jenkins Case Study).
History
gCube has been developed in the context of the D4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Nanophotonics | Journal of Nanophotonics is a quartertly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by SPIE. It covers theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of nanophotonics and their applications. It began publication in 2007 with Akhlesh Lakhtakia of Pennsylvania State University as its editor-in-chief. In 2013, Ali Adibi of Georgia Institute of Technology became its second editor-in-chief.
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.494.
References
External links
Optics journals
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 2007
Materials science journals
SPIE academic journals
Nanotechnology journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycopane | Lycopane (C40H82; 2,6,10,14,19,23,27,31-octamethyldotriacontane), a 40 carbon alkane isoprenoid, is a widely present biomarker that is often found in anoxic settings. It has been identified in anoxically deposited lacustrine sediments (such as the Messel formation and the Condor oil shale deposit). It has been found in sulfidic and anoxic hypersaline environments (such as the Sdom Formation). It has been widely identified in modern marine sediments, including the Peru upwelling zone, the Black Sea, and the Cariaco Trench. It has been found only rarely in crude oils.
Biological origins
The pathway for production of lycopane has not been conclusively identified. There are several theories for its origins/production.
Methanogenic archaea
Some of the earliest theories for the biosynthesis of lycopane center around it being anaerobically produced by methanogenic archaea. Lycopane has been observed in recent marine sediments in contexts where methanogenic activity is occurring. In older sediments, methanogenic activity is harder to conclusively determine, as methane can migrate from other layers and not necessarily be a product of that geological time. It is possible that isoprenoid alkanes such as lycopane serve as biomarkers for methanogenesis and methanogenic archaea.
Lycopane has not yet been directly isolated in any biological organism, so its linkage to methanogenic archaea is conjecture. However, the process has been identified in a different isoprenoid alkane: squalane. Squalane was not initially thought to be directly biologically synthesized, but was later determined to be present in archaea.
Some acyclic unsaturated tetraterpenoids (structurally similar to lycopane) have been detected in Thermococcus hydrothermalis, a deep-sea hydrothermal vent archaea. Lycopane has also been found alongside archaeal ethers in certain marine sediments. These findings provide support for a methanogenic origin of lycopane, but it is not conclusive. Furthermore, lycopane ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chamaecydin | Chamaecydin is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C30H40O3. It is made up of three six-membered rings and two five-membered rings and has one polar hydroxyl functional group. It is well preserved in the rock record and is only found in a specific family of conifers, the swamp cypress subfamily. The presence and abundance of chamaecydin in the rock record can reveal environmental changes in ancient biomes.
Background
Notable properties
The molecule has a mass of 448.298 Daltons, and consists of two carbonyl groups and three double bonds. It is a hexacarboxylic triterpene. The 2d structure is shown in Figure 1. The physical properties are not well known; the melting point of chamaecydin is 197-198 C. Its crystal structure is orthorhombic. Chamaecydin shows significant antifeedant activity against the larvae of Spodoptera Iitura and has an antifeedant index (AFI) of 0.44. The index ranges from 1 to -1, with one being the most powerful antifeedant. It is calculated by comparing the amount of area lost in the treated disk to the amount of area lost in the control disk or C-T/C+T where C is control and T is treated.
Preservation
Chamaecydin is a biomarker for certain species of Conifer trees. Once living organism die, the organic molecules they biosynthesized often undergo various chemical transformations in the soil and thus usually retain only basic structures of the molecules that were synthesized. These modified molecules are biomarkers but can often only be used as chemical tracers for a wide group of organisms. Chamaecydin is rare because it is a polar molecule that is found perfectly preserved millions of years later, and can therefore be used to trace specific species. Despite being a polar compound, chamaecydin is likely preserved because it is found trapped in resinous plant material, where it is prevented from bonding to kerogen. In the paleorecord, it is found in clayey sediments, which prevents further oxidation. Chamaecydin is found in conce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyarchaeol | Hydroxyarchaeol is a core lipid unique to archaea, similar to archaeol, with a hydroxide functional group at the carbon-3 position of one of its ether side chains. It is found exclusively in certain taxa of methanogenic archaea, and is a common biomarker for methanogenesis and methane-oxidation. Isotopic analysis of hydroxyarchaeol can be informative about the environment and substrates for methanogenesis.
Discovery
Hydroxyarchaeol was first identified by Dennis G. Sprott and colleagues in 1990 from Methanosaeta concilii by a combination of TLC, NMR and mass spectrometric analysis.
Structure and function
The lipid consists of a glycerol backbone with two C20 phytanyl ether chains attached, one of which has a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached at the C3 carbon. It is one of the major core lipids of methanogenic archaea alongside archaeol, forming the basis of their cell membrane. The two major forms are sn-2- and sn-3-hydroxyarchaeol, depending on if the hydroxyl group is on the sn-2 or sn-3 phytanyl chain of the glycerol backbone.
Methanogen biomarker
Use of hydroxyarchaeol as a biomarker was a primary way to identify methanogens in the environment, though it has become supplementary to metagenomic and 16S rRNA techniques for identifying phylogeny. While hydroxyarchaeol has only been identified in methanogenic archaea, not all methanogens count it among their core lipids. Other methanogens may contain different derivatives of archaeol, including cyclic archaeol and caldarchaeol based on taxonomic differences. Hydroxyarchaeol has been identified in many different taxa, including within the orders Methanococcales, Methanosarcinales, which contains the genus Methanosaeta, and a genus from the order Methanobacteriales. There is evidence that there is a taxonomic preference for the sn-2 vs sn-3 form based on phylogeny, as a mix of the two forms do not tend to appear in the same organism, but the reason for this difference is not well understood. Because of the hydroxyl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet%20consist%20network | Ethernet Consist Network (ECN) is a train communication network based on Ethernet technology standardised with IEC-61375-3-. This is a vehicle (consist) communication like Multifunction Vehicle Bus (MVB) in train communication network (TCN).
ECN provides an Internet Protocol (IP) interface to TCMS (train control and management system) and other systems within a vehicle (consist).
The Ethernet technology's large bandwidth (typically 100 Mbit/s) is particularly suitable for data-intensive systems like video surveillance or passenger information systems.
See also
Ethernet Train Backbone (ETB)
References
External links
Industrial Ethernet
Network topology
Networking standards
Ethernet standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TEOS-10 | TEOS-10 (Thermodynamic Equation of Seawater - 2010) is the international standard for the use and calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater, humid air and ice. It supersedes the former standard EOS-80 (Equation of State of Seawater 1980). TEOS-10 is used by oceanographers and climate scientists to calculate and model properties of the oceans in an internationally comparable way.
History
TEOS-10 was developed by the SCOR(Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research)/IAPSO(International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans) Working Group 127 which was chaired by Trevor McDougall. It has been approved as the official description of the thermodynamic properties of seawater, humid air and ice in 2009 by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) and in 2011 by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).
Physical basis
TEOS-10 is based on thermodynamic potentials. Fluids like humid air and liquid water in TEOS-10 are therefore described by the Helmholtz energy F(m,T,V)=F(m,T,m/ρ) or the specific Helmholtz-energy f(T,ρ)=F(m,T,m/ρ)/m. The Helmholtz energy has a unique value across phase boundaries. For the calculation of the thermodynamic properties of seawater and ice, TEOS-10 uses the specific Gibbs potential g(T,P)=G/m, G=F+pV, because the pressure is a more easily measurable property than density in a geophysical context. Gibbs energies are multivalued around phase boundaries and need to be defined for each phase separately.
The thermodynamic potential functions are determined by a set of adjustable parameters which are tuned to fit experimental data and theoretical laws of physics like the ideal gas equation. Since absolute energy and entropy cannot be directly measured, arbitrary reference states for liquid water, seawater and dry air in TEOS-10 are defined in a way that
internal energy and entropy of liquid water at the solid-liquid-gas triple point are zero,
entropy and enthalpy of seawater are zero at SA (Abso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20beam | Cellular beam is a further development of the traditional castellated beam. The advantage of the steel beam castellation process is that it increases strength without adding weight, making both versions an inexpensive solution to achieve maximum structural load capacity in building construction.
The difference between cellular beam and castellated beam is the visual characteristic. A cellular beam has round openings (circular pattern) while the castellated beam has hexagonal openings (hexagonal pattern), both of which are achieved by a cutting and welding process. Cellular beams are usually made of structural steel, but can also be made of other materials. The cellular beam is a structural element that mainly withstands structural load laterally applied to the axis of the beam, and influences the overall performance of steel framed buildings. The type of deflection is mainly done by bending.
Introduction
In 1987, Westok Structural Services Ltd of Wakefield invented and patented the structural steel cellular beam.
In 2009, the Steel Construction Institute developed software to assist engineers evaluating the dynamic behaviour of composite floors supported by cellular beams.
Since 1940, civil engineers have endeavoured to find solutions to reduce the cost and weight of steel frame construction. Due to the restrictions with regard to the maximum permissible deflections, the high-strength properties of structural steel cannot always be optimally used. As a result, several new steel mixtures have been identified to increase the stiffness of steel components without significantly increasing the required steel weight. The use of steel girders with web openings (SBWOs) for structures such as industrial buildings has proven to be extensive. Civil engineers came up with a solution to use a composite design of ultra-shallow floor joists together with concrete used on the Douala Grand Mall in Cameroon. Since the 2010s, further investigations into steel construction and fir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komei%20Fukuda | Komei Fukuda (, born 1951) is a Japanese mathematician known for his contributions to optimization,
polyhedral computation and oriented matroid theory. Fukuda is a professor in optimization and computational geometry
in the Department of Mathematics and in the Institute of Theoretical Computer Science at ETH Zurich.
Education and career
Fukuda studied administration engineering at Keio University, graduating in 1974 and earning a master's degree in 1976. He began doctoral work in the same field, but in 1976 transferred to the University of Waterloo to their PhD program in combinatorics and optimization. He completed his PhD in 1982, with Jack Edmonds as his doctoral advisor.
After completing his PhD, he returned to Japan as an assistant professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology. He moved to the University of Tsukuba as an associate professor in 1989. After visiting the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne and ETH Zurich in 1993–1994 and 1995–1996 respectively, as an invited professor, he took a joint position as a professor in the departments of mathematics at both universities in 1996. He also held a tenured professorship at McGill University in 2002–2003. In 2008 he gave up his position at the École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, becoming affiliated only with ETH Zurich, and since 2012 he has held a joint appointment in mathematics and computer science at ETH Zurich.
Contributions
Fukuda has studied finite pivot algorithms in various settings, including linear programming,
linear complementarity and their combinatorial abstractions in oriented matroids.
With Tamás Terlaky, Fukuda worked on a particular class of pivot algorithms, known as
the criss-cross method.
With David Avis, Fukuda proposed a reverse-search algorithm for the
vertex enumeration problem; their algorithm generates all of the vertices of a convex polytope or, dually, of an arrangement of hyperplanes.
Selected publications
References
External links
Home page at ETH Zurich
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK%20Centre%20for%20Astrobiology | The UK Centre for Astrobiology was set up at the University of Edinburgh in 2011 by Charles Cockell. It was set up as a UK node, formally affiliated as an international partner with the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) alongside other national nodes until the NAI's dissolution in 2019. It was established as a virtual centre to sit at the interdisciplinary boundary of planetary sciences/astronomy and biological/earth sciences investigating numerous aspects of life in the universe, specifically 'how habitable worlds form in the Universe and how life emerges, proliferates and leaves traces on these worlds' as well as engaging in work on the robotic and human exploration of space and in space ethics, philosophy and governance.
In the ten years from 2011 to 2021, the UKCA led or was affiliated with over 150 scientific papers in this period. Its published scientific work encompassed life in extremes, exoplanet biosignatures, biosignatures of life on Mars and early Earth, analogue research and other areas encompassing the habitability of planetary bodies. For example, the Centre oversaw the launch and implementation of the first biological mining experiment in space on the International Space Station in support of long-term human space settlement, demonstrating the use of microorganisms to mine economically important elements in space. The centre's members were involved in Mars analog missions, expeditions to numerous extreme environments, as well as space missions such as NASA's Curiosity rover mission. The centre was microbiology lead on the NASA BASALT project (Biologic Analog Science Associated with Lava Terrains) to develop NASA plans for the human exploration of Mars. It was scientific coordinator of the EU Framework 7 project MASE (Mars Analogues for Space Exploration) investigating microbial life in numerous Mars-like environments. It organised a number of conferences in this ten-year period, hosting UK and European-level astrobiology conferences.
The UKCA laun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribozyviria | Ribozyviria is a realm of satellite nucleic acids — infectious agents that resemble viruses, but cannot replicate without a helper virus. Established in ICTV TaxoProp 2020.012D, the realm is named after the presence of genomic and antigenomic ribozymes of the Deltavirus type. The agents in Ribozyviria are satellite nucleic acids, which are distinct from satellite viruses in that they do not encode all of their own structural proteins but require proteins from their helper viruses in order to assemble. Additional common features include a rod-like structure, an RNA-binding "delta antigen" encoded in the genome, and animal hosts. Furthermore, the size range of the genomes of these viruses is between around 1547–1735nt, they encode a hammerhead ribozyme or a hepatitis delta virus ribozyme, and their coding capacity only involves one conserved protein. Most lineages of this realm are poorly understood, the notable exception being the genus Deltavirus, comprising the causal agents of hepatitis D in humans.
The realm Ribozyviria has an unclear evolutionary origin. It has been proposed that they may have derived from retrozymes (a family of retrotransposons) or a viroid-like element (i.e. viroids and satellites) with capsid protein capture.
Taxonomy
Historical development
The first taxa of this realm to receive acceptance by the ICTV is the species Hepatitis delta virus and its genus Deltavirus, in 1993. Deltavirus remained unassigned to any higher taxa until 2018, when the ICTV mistakenly classified Deltavirus within the then newly established realm, Riboviria. In 2019, this error was rectified and Deltavirus returned to its original position. In 2020, Hepatitis delta virus was abolished and replaced with eight new species, and the taxonomy developed to reach its current form, detailed below.
Current status
Ribozyviria contains a single family, Kolmioviridae, with no intermediate taxa between realm and family. This family contains eight genera.
The names of all gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naldaviricetes | Naldaviricetes is a class of viruses, which infect arthropods. Members of Naldaviricetes are characterized by large enveloped rod-shaped virions, circular double-stranded DNA genomes, and replication in the nucleus of the host cell. All of them (including the unassigned Polydnaviridae family) share a set of unique genes not found in other viruses, which include the presence of multiple interspersed direct repeats, various subunits of DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase, four late expression factor genes, and infectivity factor genes suggesting a common host entry mechanism.
Phylogenetics
These viruses encompass several genes that are distantly related to core genes of the Nucleocytoviricota and thus could be highly derived members of the DJR-MCP viruses (kingdom Bamfordvirae of the realm Varidnaviria), despite the absence of the DJR-MCP and formation of odd-shaped virions. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of several essential genes that are shared by all these arthoropod viruses and the Nucleocytoviricota, such as PolB, RNAP subunits, helicase-primase and thiol oxidoreductase, has suggested that this group of viruses might be a highly derived offshoot of the Nucleocytoviricota.
Classification
Naldaviricetes contains one order and a family unassigned to an order. This taxonomy is shown hereafter:
Class: Naldaviricetes
Order: Lefavirales
Unassigned family: Nimaviridae
The unassigned family Polydnaviridae is a potential member of the group because they share the characteristic genes of Naldaviricetes and appear to have evolved from nudiviruses of the order Lefavirales.
References
Viruses
Virus classes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefavirales | Lefavirales is an order of viruses.
Classification
Lefavirales contains the following three families:
Baculoviridae
Hytrosaviridae
Nudiviridae
References
Viruses
Virus orders |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroWiki | MicroWiki is a free online encyclopedia about micronations launched in 2005. It has since become the principal way in which Internet users document micronational matters, as most do not meet Wikipedia's notability requirements. It is maintained by volunteers using the same MediaWiki software as Wikipedia. MicroWiki describes itself as "the largest encyclopaedia about micronations".
As of August 2023, there are over 210,000 pages on MicroWiki. Polish author Maciej Grzenkowicz described MicroWiki as "Wikipedia devoted to micronations", and The Independent remarked that the encyclopedia was a thorough resource, with several articles on micronations that were longer than those of real-world nations on Wikipedia.
MicroWiki uses the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license for its content. Articles can cover an individual person, micronation, government departments or other micronation related topics. The site has message forums on micronation-related discussions on the messaging application Discord.
Hayward and Khamis claimed in an academic journal for Shima that many of the micronations featured on the wiki were, in fact virtual entities which existed almost solely as listings on the encyclopedia. They claimed that some users treated the website as a 'fantasy gaming service,' where 'players' could interact with other 'virtual micronations' while noting that this is not the purpose of MicroWiki advocated by its administration. In the Cambridge University Press book Micronations and the Search for Sovereignty, MicroWiki is mentioned several times as an online community for online micronations.
References
External links
Creative Commons-licensed websites
Internet properties established in 2005
MediaWiki websites
Semantic wikis
Online encyclopedias
Free-content websites
Micronational organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesseltinella | Hesseltinella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Cunninghamellaceae.
The genus name of Hesseltinella is in honour of Clifford William Hesseltine (1917–1999), who was an American botanist (Mycology), Microbiologist, from the University of Wisconsin.
The genus was circumscribed by Harbansh Prasad Upadhyay in Persoonia vol.6 (issue 1) on pages 111, 116-117 in 1970.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
It has one known species; Hesseltinella vesiculosa H.P.Upadhyay
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gongronella | Gongronella is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Cunninghamellaceae.
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution.
Species
Species:
Gongronella brasiliensis
Gongronella butleri
Gongronella guangdongensis
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlamydoabsidia | Chlamydoabsidia is a genus of fungi belonging to the family Cunninghamellaceae.
Species:
Chlamydoabsidia padenii Hesselt. & J.J.Ellis
References
Fungi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advent%20of%20Code | Advent of Code is an annual set of Christmas-themed computer programming challenges that follow an Advent calendar. It has been running since 2015.
The programming puzzles cover a variety of skill sets and skill levels and can be solved using any programming language. Participants also compete based on speed on both global and private leaderboards.
The event was founded and is maintained by software engineer Eric Wastl.
History
Advent of Code was created by Wastl, who is still the sole maintainer of the project.
The event was initially launched on December 1, 2015. By midnight EST (UTC−05:00), 81 people had signed up for the event, going slightly over Wastl's planned 70-participant capacity. Within 12 hours, about 4,000 people had joined, nearly causing a system crash. After 48 hours, there were about 15,000 people, and by the end of the 2015 event, the total had risen to 52,000.
In 2020, perhaps due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event saw a 50% growth in traffic, with over 180,000 participants worldwide.
On December 4, 2022, Wastl announced that the project had reached 1,000,000 registered users.
Puzzle design
Puzzles consist of two parts that must be solved in order, with the second part not revealed to the user until the first part is solved correctly. Participants earn one golden star for each part they finish, giving a possible total of two stars per day and fifty stars per year.
Each puzzle contains a fictional backstory that is the same for all participants, but each person receives a different piece of input data and should generate a different correct result.
Puzzles are released on a daily schedule from December 1 to December 25 at midnight EST. There is no time limit to complete the puzzles, and puzzles from past years' events remain available to solve.
Some participants have used tools such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT to assist in solving the puzzles. In 2023, Wastl requested that users abstain from using these tools until after the leaderb |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sito%20Pons%20500cc%20Grand%20Prix | Sito Pons 500cc Grand Prix is a 1990 racing video game developed and published by the Spanish company Zigurat Software (previously known as Made in Spain) for Amstrad CPC, MS-DOS, MSX and ZX Spectrum. Featuring former Spanish racer Sito Pons and themed around motorcycle racing, the game pit players driving the Honda NSR500 with races against AI-controlled opponents across various countries to qualify in the 500cc class of the Grand Prix motorcycle racing.
Sito Pons 500cc Grand Prix was created in conjunction with Carlos Sainz: World Rally Championship at the end of the golden age of Spanish software by most of the same team at Zigurat who worked on previous licensed sports titles such as Paris-Dakar (1988) and Emilio Sanchez Vicario Grand Slam. Zigurat approached Pons to act as endorser due to their local market and motorsports being a hobby among Zigurat staff.
Sito Pons 500cc Grand Prix was met with mostly positive reception from critics across all platforms since its release; praise was given to the graphics, realism and sense of speed but criticism was geared towards the high difficulty level and sound design. Conversions for Amiga and Atari ST were planned but never released. The title was included as part of the Pack Powersports compilation for all platforms in 1991.
Gameplay
Sito Pons 500cc Grand Prix is a top-down motorcycle racing game similar to Aspar GP Master (1988), where players observe from above and race as Spanish motorcycle driver Sito Pons driving the Honda NSR500 across 14 countries conforming the 500cc class Grand Prix motorcycle racing like the United States, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria and Yugoslavia. The game uses a isometric perspective like Carlos Sainz: World Rally Championship to portray a TV-style viewpoint.
The game has three modes: Race, Practice and Demo. Race is the main championship mode where players are pitted against AI-controlled opponents such as Kevin Schwantz and Wayne Rainey to qualify. Finishing each race allow the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20Languages%3A%20History%20and%20Fundamentals | Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals is a book about programming languages written by Jean E. Sammet. Published in 1969, the book gives an overview of the state of the art of programming in the late 1960s, and records the history of programming languages up to that time.
The book was considered a standard work on programming languages by professionals in the field. According to Dag Spicer, senior curator of the Computer History Museum, Programming Languages "was, and remains, a classic."
Contents
Programming Languages provides a history and description of 120 programming languages, with an extensive bibliography of reference works about each language and sample programs for many of them. The book outlines both the technical definition and usage of each language, as well as the historical, political, and economic context of each language.
Because Sammet was deeply involved in the history of programming language creation in the United States, she was able to give an insider's perspective. The author excluded most programming languages used only outside the US, and excluded those she considered not to be high-level programming languages.
Languages
The book covers both well-known and obscure programming languages. Among the 120 languages included in the book are:
ALGOL
ALTRAN
BASIC
COBOL, co-created by Sammet herself
COLINGO, from the mid-1960s, the name stands for Compile On-LINe and GO
Culler-Fried
FLOW-MATIC
FORTRAN
Klerer-May
Laning and Zierler
JOVIAL
Lincoln Reckoner, an interactive, distributed mathematics program including matrix operations for the TX-2 computer
MATHLAB
Magic Paper, a symbolic mathematics system
OMNITAB
PL/1
Protosynthex, a query language for English text
SIMULA
SNOBOL
History
Sammet pioneered the COBOL language while working at Sylvania and FORMAC (an extension of FORTRAN) while at IBM. While managing IBM's Boston Advanced Programming Department, Sammet began researching programming languages more widely and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telebirr | Telebirr () is a mobile money service developed and was launched by Ethio telecom, the state owned telecommunication and Internet service provider in Ethiopia. It took five months to develop the end-to-end service. It facilitates the delivery of cashless transactions. The platform deployed currently has the capacity of processing up to 100 transactions per second (TPS) and can be scaled up to 1000 TPS. The service is accessible via SMS, USSD, and smartphone applications. Telebirr works in five languages.
Registration
Though the service is fully accessible for any customer of Ethio telecom, the users need to register through the mobile application called Telebirr or using an authorized agent or Ethio telecom shop or Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), *127# nationally. However, Telebirr also provides a “quick registration” by using any information that already exists in Ethio telecom's system.
References
External links
Telebirr for iOS
Telebirr for Android
Ethio telecom services
Online payments
Mobile applications |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20Red%20List | The Japanese is the Japanese domestic counterpart to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The national Red List is compiled and maintained by the Ministry of the Environment, alongside a separate Red List for marine organisms. Similarly drawing on the relevant scientific authorities, NGOs, and local governments, the Ministry of the Environment also prepares and publishes a that provides further information on species and habitats.
The first Red List was published by the then Environmental Agency as part of the first Red Data Book in 1991; in 2020, the fifth edition of the fourth version of the Red List was published. In line with the Marine Biodiversity Conservation Strategy, decided upon by the Ministry in 2011, in 2017 the first Marine Life Red List was published, excluding species subject to international agreements, such as those within the remit of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) (e.g., Pacific bluefin tuna) and International Whaling Commission (IWC), species under evaluation by the Fisheries Agency, smaller Cetaceans, and those already evaluated for the Red List.
With the renewed focus on evaluating the rarity or otherwise of marine life in line with the National Biodiversity Strategy 2012–2020, using the same evaluation criteria and categories as the Ministry of the Environment, and working in collaboration with the Ministry, the Fisheries Agency has also produced a Red List of marine resources and smaller Cetaceans, excluding species subject to international agreements, such as those in the remit of the WCPFC and IWC. Evaluations of 94 species were published in 2017, all falling outside the rankings (i.e., being of Least Concern), other than Pleuronichthys japonicus (Data Deficient).
The Red List (and Red Data Book) itself has no legal force but is intended to be used to provide information and to serve as a "warning to society". Appropriate action may be taken under the 1992 Conservation of Endangered Species of Wild Fa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Getac | Getac () is a Taiwanese multinational technology company that specializes in rugged computers, mobile video systems, mechanical components, automotive parts, and aerospace fasteners. Getac was established on 5 October 1989 as a joint venture with GE Aerospace. A subsidiary of the MiTAC-Synnex Group, Getac has been listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE: 3005) since 2002. Getac is one of the major suppliers of rugged computers.
History
Getac was established on 5 October 1989 as a joint venture with GE Aerospace.
In 2009, Getac acquired Waffer Technology Corp., which resulted in Getac becoming the world's third largest aluminum-magnesium alloy producer and the leading supplier of seat belt spindles and spools.
In 2012, the company introduced the Getac Z710, the world's first rugged 7-inch Android tablet.
In 2018, the company expanded its video recording and software businesses with the acquisition of WHP Workflow Solutions Inc. and the formation of Getac Video Solutions.
In 2020, Getac was selected by BMW to provide rugged mobile devices for applications including R&D, production, warehouse logistics and workshop diagnostics.
In 2021, Getac was selected by the United States Air Force to provide rugged computers under the Client Computing Solutions Quantum Enterprise Buy (CCS-2 QEB) Program.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
External links
References
1989 establishments in Taiwan
Electronics companies established in 1989
Manufacturing companies established in 1989
2009 mergers and acquisitions
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Multinational companies headquartered in Taiwan
Taiwanese brands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20of%20Mankind%20on%20the%20Moon | Memory of Mankind on the Moon is a time capsule that is planned to go to the Moon on Astrobotic Technology's upcoming Peregrine lander. It is made in collaboration with Hungarian company Puli Space Technologies and Memory of Mankind.
References
Space
Peregrine Payloads |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FragAttacks | FragAttacks, or fragmentation and aggregation attacks, are a group of Wi-Fi vulnerabilities discovered by security research Mathy Vanhoef. Since the vulnerabilities are design flaws in the Wi-Fi standard, any device released after 1997 could be vulnerable. The attack can be executed without special privileges. The attack was detailed on August 5, 2021 at Black Hat Briefings USA and at later at the USENIX 30th Security Symposium, where recordings are shared publicly. The attack does not leave any trace in the network logs.
Patches
Vanhoef worked with the Wi-Fi Alliance to help vendors issue patches.
Microsoft started issuing patches for Windows 7 through Windows 10 on May 11, 2021.
References
External links
Fragment and Forge: Breaking Wi-Fi Through Frame Aggregation and Fragmentation by Mathy Vanhoef
Computer-related introductions in 2021
Computer security exploits
Wi-Fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behnke%E2%80%93Stein%20theorem%20on%20Stein%20manifolds | In mathematics, especially several complex variables, the Behnke–Stein theorem states that a connected, non-compact (open) Riemann surface is a Stein manifold. In other words, it states that there is a nonconstant single-valued holomorphic function (univalent function) on such a Riemann surface. It is a generalization of the Runge approximation theorem and was proved by Heinrich Behnke and Karl Stein in 1948.
Method of proof
The study of Riemann surfaces typically belongs to the field of one-variable complex analysis, but the proof method uses the approximation by the
polyhedron domain used in the proof of the Behnke–Stein theorem on domains of holomorphy and the Oka–Weil theorem.
References
Several complex variables
Riemann surfaces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geological%20engineering | Geological engineering is a discipline of engineering concerned with the application of geological science and engineering principles to fields, such as civil engineering, mining, environmental engineering, and forestry, among others. The work of geological engineers often directs or supports the work of other engineering disciplines such as assessing the suitability of locations for civil engineering, environmental engineering, mining operations, and oil and gas projects by conducting geological, geoenvironmental, geophysical, and geotechnical studies. They are involved with impact studies for facilities and operations that affect surface and subsurface environments. The engineering design input and other recommendations made by geological engineers on these projects will often have a large impact on construction and operations. Geological engineers plan, design, and implement geotechnical, geological, geophysical, hydrogeological, and environmental data acquisition. This ranges from manual ground-based methods to deep drilling, to geochemical sampling, to advanced geophysical techniques and satellite surveying. Geological engineers are also concerned with the analysis of past and future ground behaviour, mapping at all scales, and ground characterization programs for specific engineering requirements. These analyses lead geological engineers to make recommendations and prepare reports which could have major effects on the foundations of construction, mining, and civil engineering projects. Some examples of projects include rock excavation, building foundation consolidation, pressure grouting, hydraulic channel erosion control, slope and fill stabilization, landslide risk assessment, groundwater monitoring, and assessment and remediation of contamination. In addition, geological engineers are included on design teams that develop solutions to surface hazards, groundwater remediation, underground and surface excavation projects, and resource management. Like mining |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poseidon%20%28species%29 | Several species share the specific name poseidon, the species descriptor in a binomial name.
These include:
Flax poseidon (F. poseidon), a moth
Hypaeus poseidon (H. poseidon), a spider
Lepidochrysops poseidon (L. poseidon), a butterfly
Polyommatus poseidon (P. poseidon), a butterfly
Thyropygus poseidon (T. poseidon), a millipede
See also
Poseidon (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puavo | Puavo is a management software and a Debian-based operating system for schools. It consists of Puavo Web and Puavo OS.
Puavo Web
Puavo Web manages users and the devices. External applications with LDAP support can be connected to the Puavo database.
Puavo OS
The operating system Puavo OS has an Gnome-Desktop; Firefox and LibreOffice are pre-installed. Older computers are supported. Puavo OS has roots in the Linux Terminal Server Project.
History
Puavo has been developed by Opinsys for Finnish schools since 2005. Individual schools in Germany and Switzerland also use the software.
See also
Edubuntu
Skolelinux
References
External links
Official Website
Github repository
Linux Terminal Server Project
Debian-based distributions
Educational operating systems
Free educational software
Linux distributions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Journal%20of%20Linear%20Algebra | The Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra is a peer-reviewed platinum open access scientific journal covering matrix analysis and linear algebra, together with their applications. It is published by the International Linear Algebra Society and its editor-in-chief is Froilán M. Dopico (University Carlos III of Madrid).
Editors-in-chief
The first editors-in-chief were Volker Mehrmann (Technical University of Berlin; 1996–1999) and Daniel Hershkowitz (Bar-Ilan University; 1996–2010). Other former editors-in-chief are (Bielefeld University; 2010–2011), Bryan Shader (University of Wyoming; 2010–2019), Michael Tsatsomeros (Washington State University; 2016–2022). The current editor-in-chief is Froilán M. Dopico (Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; since 2019).
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences
Mathematical Reviews
Science Citation Index Expanded
Scopus
Zentralblatt MATH
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 0.7.
References
External links
Mathematics journals
English-language journals
Open access journals
Academic journals established in 1996
Annual journals
Online-only journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capit%C3%A1n%20Sevilla | Capitán Sevilla is a 1988 platform video game developed by the Spanish group Hi-Score and published by Dinamic Software for the Amstrad CPC, MSX and ZX Spectrum. In the game, players assume the role of Mariano López, a transporter-turned superhero after eating a radiation-affected blood sausage to fight against the mad scientist Torrebruno and protect Earth.
Capitán Sevilla was conceived during the golden age of Spanish software under the working title Capitán Morcilla by director Álvaro Mateos, who developed titles published by Dinamic Software such as Rocky and West Bank (1985), and formed Hi-Score as a game development group dedicated to microcomputers with royalties obtained from his previous works. The idea originated from a comic strip by artist Angel Tirado during his high school days and the project initially started on the ZX Spectrum but went through a turbulent development cycle before its eventual launch to the market.
Capitán Sevilla proved to be unsuccessful when it was published across Europe but received positive reception from critics across all platforms since its release; praise was given to its originality, audiovisual presentation and addictive gameplay but criticism was geared towards the high difficulty level and ending sequence. In recent years, fans have since experimented with remaking and porting the title to other platforms.
Gameplay
Capitán Sevilla is a side-scrolling platform game where players assume the role of Mariano López, a transporter-turned superhero after eating a radiation-affected blood sausage to fight against the mad scientist Torrebruno and protect Earth. The game is divided into two phases and players must finish the first phase to obtain a password code and play the second phase via a "Double Load FX" system, as the cassette tape contained one phase on each side.
When López obtains a radioactive blood sausage and eats it, the players become Captain Sevilla and uses his superpowers: Superspush, which moves the enemi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating%20suspension%20bridge | A floating suspension bridge is a type of suspension bridge supported by towers built on floating pontoons which are tethered to the seabed. The design is intended to overcome the difficulties of building suspension towers in locations where the water is particularly deep. no such bridges have been built, but a project is underway to build one in Norway, at Bjørnafjord, designed by engineer Ian Firth.
See also
Floating cable-stayed bridge
Cable-stayed suspension bridge
Intercontinental and transoceanic fixed links
List of straits
Strait of Gibraltar
Straits of Tiran
References
Further reading
Floating suspension bridges - Long span bridges - Research - Structural Dynamics - Department of Structural Engineering - NTNU
https://www.vegvesen.no/vegprosjekter/ferjefriE39/konferanse/teknologidagene2015/_attachment/1023556?_ts=14ff54620d0&fast_title=11+-+Johannes+Veie++Presentation+of+TLP-concept+Teknologidagene.pdf
Bridges by structural type
Structural engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol%20dialkyl%20glycerol%20tetraether | Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether lipids (GDGTs) are a class of membrane lipids synthesized by archaea and some bacteria, making them useful biomarkers for these organisms in the geological record. Their presence, structure, and relative abundances in natural materials can be useful as proxies for temperature, terrestrial organic matter input, and soil pH for past periods in Earth history. Some structural forms of GDGT form the basis for the TEX86 paleothermometer. Isoprenoid GDGTs, now known to be synthesized by many archaeal classes, were first discovered in extremophilic archaea cultures. Branched GDGTs, likely synthesized by acidobacteriota, were first discovered in a natural Dutch peat sample in 2000.
Chemical structure
The two primary structural classes of GDGTs are isoprenoid (isoGDGT) and branched (brGDGT), which refer to differences in the carbon skeleton structures. Isoprenoid compounds are numbered -0 through -8, with the numeral representing the number of cyclopentane rings present within the carbon skeleton structure. The exception is crenarchaeol, a Nitrososphaerota product with one cyclohexane ring moiety in addition to four cyclopentane rings. Branched GDGTs have zero, one, or two cyclopentane moieties and are further classified based the positioning of their branches. They are numbered with roman numerals and letters, with -I indicating structures with four modifications (i.e. either a branch or a cyclopentane moiety), -II indicating structures with five modifications, and -III indicating structures with six modifications. The suffix a after the roman numeral means one of its modifications is a cyclopentane moiety; b means two modifications are cyclopentane moieties. For example, GDGT-IIb is a compound with three branches and two cyclopentane moieties (a total of five modifications). GDGTs form as monolayers and with ether bonds to glycerol, as opposed to as bilayers and with ester bonds as is the case in eukaryotes and most bacteria.
Biologi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20Effect%203%20ending%20controversy | Mass Effect 3 is an action role-playing video game and the third installment of the Mass Effect video game series, developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts (EA). Upon its release March 6, 2012 for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows, Mass Effect 3 generated controversy when its ending was poorly received by players who felt that it did not meet their expectations. Criticisms included the ending rendering character choices inconsequential, a general lack of closure, plot holes, and narrative inconsistency.
On June 26, 2012, developers released an Extended Cut as downloadable content (DLC) intended to clarify the endings and remedy fan concerns. The initial announcement of the development of add-on content to amend the ending as well as the subsequent release of Extended Cut sparked debates over the treatment of video games as art and whether BioWare should have to alter their vision of the work in response to external pressure, regardless of its quality.
Background
In the original Mass Effect trilogy, players assume the role of Commander Shepard, a customizable avatar who leads allies from across the Milky Way galaxy in a struggle against a collective of powerful synthetic lifeforms called the Reapers, who harvest the galaxy of sentient spacefaring life every 50,000 years. By the events of Mass Effect 3, the Reapers have arrived in the galaxy and begin harvesting entire worlds. To stop them, Shepard must form an alliance between all of Mass Effects alien races to build the Crucible, a megastructure built from blueprints designed by the civilizations from previous cycles, including the Protheans, which can theoretically destroy the Reapers.
As Shepard, players dispatch a final "Marauder" enemy, entering a Reaper teleportation beam on Earth to reach the Citadel alongside their close ally and mentor, David Anderson, and begin the game's ending sequence. This follows a long and grueling battle in London where Shepard is gravely wounded by |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammal%20Society%20of%20Japan | The is a Japanese society established in 1987 to promote the study of mammals.
History
Upon its establishment, the Society united two predecessor organizations, the , founded in 1949, and the , established in 1963, which itself grew out of the , established in 1955. The Society, however, traces its origins back to the activities of the refounded in 1923, and as such celebrated its ninetieth anniversary in 2013.
Publications
The Society publishes the quarterly journal Mammal Study, successor to the Journal of the Mammalogical Society of Japan, in English, and, in Japanese, the biannual . It also oversaw publication, in 2015, of the second edition of The Wild Mammals of Japan. A 2018 supplement to Mammalian Science comprises the Japanese names for world mammal taxa, based on the third edition of Mammal Species of the World.
See also
List of mammals of Japan
Japanese Red List
Ornithological Society of Japan
References
External links
The Mammal Society of Japan
Mammal Study
The Mammal Society of Japan
Catalogue of Standard Japanese Names for the Mammals of the World
Mammalogy
Environmental organizations based in Japan
1987 establishments in Japan
Scientific organizations established in 1987
Biology organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20skimming | Web skimming, formjacking or a magecart attack is an attack where the attacker injects malicious code into a website and extracts data from an HTML form that the user has filled in. That data is then submitted to a server under control of the attacker.
Mitigation
Subresource Integrity or a Content Security Policy can be used to protect against formjacking, although this does not protect against supply chain attacks. A web application firewall can also be used.
Prevalence
A report in 2016 suggested as many as 6,000 e-commerce sites may have been compromised via this class of attack. In 2018, British Airways had 380,000 card details stolen via this class of attack. A similar attack affected Ticketmaster the same year, with 40,000 customers affected by maliciously injected code on payment pages.
Magecart
Magecart is software used by a range of hacking groups for injecting malicious code into ecommerce sites to steal payment details. As well as targeted attacks such as on Newegg, it's been used in combination with commodity Magento extension attacks. The 'Shopper Approved' ecommerce toolkit utilised on hundreds of ecommerce sites was also compromised by Magecart as was the conspiracy site InfoWars.
According to Malwarebytes, the Magecart software has tried to avoid detection by using the WebGL API to check whether a software renderer such as "swiftshader", "llvmpipe" or "virtualbox" is used. That would indicate that the software is running in a virtual machine probably used to detect the malware rather than make a purchase.
In October 2023 a Magecraft version was reported to be inserted into all the 404 error pages of infected Web sites. The default '404 Not Found' page is used to hide and load the card-stealing code. The site visitor enters sensitive details into, for example, an order form, then sees a fake "session timeout" error, while the information is sent to the attacker.
References
Hacking (computer security)
Web security exploits
Internet fraud
Card |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds%20Tiger | The Leeds Tiger is a taxidermy-mounted 19th-century Bengal tiger, displayed at Leeds City Museum in West Yorkshire, England. It has been a local visitor attraction for over 150 years.
The tiger was shot and killed by Charles Reid in the Dehrah Dhoon valley near Dehradun, India, in 1860. It was displayed as a tiger skin at the 1862 International Exhibition, and sold to William Gott, who had it mounted by Edwin Henry Ward, and presented it in 1863 to the museum of the Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society in the West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
The Leeds Tiger's novelty and size drew public attention, as did the myths of a "dangerous reputation" which accumulated over the years. In 1979, Leeds City Museum curator Adrian Norris said, "The tiger has always been very popular with the public, and school parties in general".
Origins and acquisition
The Bengal tiger which ultimately became the mounted Leeds Tiger in Leeds City Museum originally inhabited the Deyrah Dhoon, near Dehradun; a valley near Mussoorie hill station in Uttarakhand, northern India. The animal was shot in March 1860 by Colonel Charles Reid (later General Sir Charles Reid, GCB) of the Sirmoor Battalion (2nd Gurkhas). Reid was a sportsman who, on one 1872 afternoon in Elginshire, bagged 25.5 brace of grouse. He wrote to a friend about the tiger kill:I had a tiger... which is now in the museum at Leeds, which was the largest tiger I ever killed or ever saw. As he lay on the ground he measured 12 feet 2 inches – his height I did not measure – from the tip of one ear to the tip of the other 19 inches. I never took skull measurements, nor did I ever weigh the tiger... The three tigers mentioned are the largest I ever killed – all Dhoon tigers.
M.B. Bose (1926) defends the published measurements of tiger kills by hunters such as Reid, and gives an explanation of the body lengths achieved by some Bengal tigers: "Length alone does not necessarily constitute fitness... The elongated tiger is a resul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady%20Makanin | Gennady (or Gennadii or Gennadiy) Semenovich Makanin (1938–2017) was a Russian mathematician, awarded the 2010 I. M. Vinogradov Prize for a series of papers on the problem of algorithmically recognizing the solvability of arbitrary equations in free groups and semigroups.
Education and career
At Moscow State University he received his undergraduate degree and in 1967 his Russian Candidate of Sciences degree (PhD). His dissertation К проблеме тождества в конечно-определённых группах и полугруппах (On the identity problem in finitely-presented groups and semigroups) was supervised by Andrey Markov Jr. and Sergei Adian.
Makanin spent his career (since 1966) working at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics (since 2013 as a freelance employee). From the Steklov Institute of Mathematics he received in 1977 his Russian Doctor of Sciences degree (similar to habilitation) with dissertation Проблема разрешимости уравнений в свободной полугруппе (The problem of solvability of equations in a free semigroup). On the basis of his 1977 dissertation he was an invited speaker at the 1978 International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki.
He gained international recognition for his research on combinatorial group theory and algorithmic problems in the theory of semigroups. Zlil Sela, Eliyahu Rips, and others have made important applications of Makanin-Razborov diagrams to geometric group theory.
In 1982 Makanin published a complete solution (an algorithm with proof of validity) to the problem of recognizing the solvability of equations in a free group. An English translation was published in 1983. In 1984 (followed by English translation in 1985) he published a proof, using techniques similar to those in his 1982 paper, of the decidability, for any free group, of two different formal theories generated by that free group.
Remarks on Makanin's research
Martin Davis and Julia Robinson worked unsuccessfully on the problem which was eventually solved in 1977 by Makanin:
Yuri Mati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20and%20Topological%20Inference | Geometric and Topological Inference is a monograph in computational geometry, computational topology, geometry processing, and topological data analysis, on the problem of inferring properties of an unknown space from a finite point cloud of noisy samples from the space. It was written by Jean-Daniel Boissonnat, Frédéric Chazal, and Mariette Yvinec, and published in 2018 by the Cambridge University Press in their Cambridge Texts in Applied Mathematics book series. The Basic Library List Committee of the Mathematical Association of America has suggested its inclusion in undergraduate mathematics libraries.
Topics
The book is subdivided into four parts and 11 chapters. The first part covers basic tools from topology needed in the study, including simplicial complexes, Čech complexes and Vietoris–Rips complex, homotopy equivalence of topological spaces to their nerves, filtrations of complexes, and the data structures needed to represent these concepts efficiently in computer algorithms. A second introductory part concerns material of a more geometric nature, including Delaunay triangulations and Voronoi diagrams, convex polytopes, convex hulls and convex hull algorithms, lower envelopes, alpha shapes and alpha complexes, and witness complexes.
With these preliminaries out of the way, the remaining two sections show how to use these tools for topological inference. The third section is on recovering the unknown space itself (or a topologically equivalent space, described using a complex) from sufficiently well-behaved samples. The fourth part shows how, with weaker assumptions about the samples, it is still possible to recover useful information about the space, such as its homology and persistent homology.
Audience and reception
Although the book is primarily aimed at specialists in these topics, it can also be used to introduce the area to non-specialists, and provides exercises suitable for an advanced course. Reviewer Michael Berg evaluates it as an "excellent b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome%20to%20Video%20case | The Welcome to Video case involved the investigation and prosecution of a child pornography ring which traded videos through the South Korean website Welcome to Video, owned and operated by Son Jung-woo (or Jeong-woo). Authorities estimated about 360,000 downloads had been made through the website, which had roughly 1.2 million members, 4,000 of which were paid members, from 38 countries. Through international cooperation and investigations, 337 people were arrested on charges of possessing child pornography.
Offenses
Son purchased the website Welcome to Video in July 2015, operating a server from his home in Chungcheongnam-do, South Korea, until March 2018. During this time, he distributed about 220,000 sexually exploitative videos featuring children. Many of these videos were purchased from the website using cryptocurrency, totaling , roughly million.
Son downloaded videos of child sexual exploitation from child sexual abuse material distribution site AVSNOO and re-uploaded them to his own server. Users download videos using points purchased with bitcoin and could trade video uploads for points, encouraging them to add their own material. Forty-five percent of the videos on the site had not been encountered previously by investigators.
Investigations and trials
Start of international cooperation investigation
The first organization to investigate Welcome To Video was the United States Internal Revenue Service (IRS), which found transactions made with cryptocurrency on pornography sharing sites, and asked the US Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) for cooperation in their work. Investigators found that the Welcome to Video servers were poorly secured, allowing them to identify and trace bitcoin payments to those who made them and to determine the location of the server. This collaboration revealed the website was operating from South Korea. HSI delivered related information to the Korean National Police Agency (KNPA), leading to the arrest of Son.
Prosec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%20syndrome | Island syndrome describes the differences in morphology, ecology, physiology and behaviour of insular species compared to their continental counterparts. These differences evolve due to the different ecological pressures affecting insular species, including a paucity of large predators and herbivores as well as a consistently mild climate.
Ecological driving factors
Reduced predation. Island ecosystems cannot support a sufficient biomass of prey in order to accommodate large predators. This largely relieves prey species of the risk of predation, which mostly removes the selection pressure for morphologies, ecologies and behaviours that help to evade large predators.
Reduced biodiversity. Insular ecosystems tend to comprise large populations of a limited number of species (a state termed density compensation), therefore, they exhibit low biodiversity. This results in reduced interspecific competition and increased intraspecific competition.
Reduced sexual selection. There is also reduced sexual selection in insular species, which is especially prominent in birds which lose their sexually dimorphic plumage used in sexual displays.
Reduced parasite diversity. Finally, there is reduced parasite diversity in insular ecosystems which reduces the level of selection acting on immune-related genes.
Features of island syndrome in animals
Body size
Interspecific competition between continental species drives divergence of body size so that species may avoid high levels of competition by occupying distinct niches. Reduced interspecific competition between insular species reduces this selection pressure for species to occupy distinct niches. As a result, there is less diversity in the body size of insular species. Typically small mammals increase in size (for example fossa are a larger insular relative of the mongoose) while typically large mammals decrease in size (for example the Malagasy hippopotamuses are smaller insular relatives of continental hippopotamuses). These ar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njalla | Njalla is an anonymous domain name registrar, hosting provider and VPN provider, established by The Pirate Bay founder Peter Sunde.
History
Peter Sunde started the company in 2017 as a middle man between domain registration and registrants in order to provide anonymity.
In 2020, RIAA and MPA flagged Njalla as well as CDNs, apps (such as Telegram), hosting providers and advertisers that worked with piracy sites to be blacklisted by US government.
References
External links
Domain name registrars
Tor onion services
Virtual private network services |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosemary%20Kisembo | Rosemary Kisembo, is a Ugandan software engineer and corporate executive, who serves as the Executive Director of the National Identification and Registration Authority of Uganda (NIRA) effective 14 May 2021. She took over from Judy Obitre–Gama, a lawyer, whose contract ended in 2020 and was not extended.
Background and education
She was born in Uganda and she attended local primary and secondary schools. She was then admitted to Makerere University, Uganda's oldest and largest public university, graduating with a Bachelor of Commerce (BCom) degree. Later, she was awarded a Master of Information Systems (MIS) degree, also by Makerere. In addition, she is a Microsoft SQR Server Certified Professional.
Career
Immediately before her present appointment, she was the Head of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) at the Uganda National Roads Authority (UNRA), a role she served in between 2016 and 2021. She served as Manager Software Engineering at UNRA for the period between 2011 and 2016. Before she joined UNRA, she worked at the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA), from 1995 until 2011, serving in the Corporate Services Department of URA.
She was hired at NIRA, following the recommendation of the president of Uganda, that the contract of Judy Obitre-Gama not be renewed. Rosemary Kisembo had to also overcome initial resistance of some technocrats in the Ministry of Internal Affairs and members of the Public Service Commission, who initially viewed her as "unsuitable".
Other considerations
According to Ugandan laws, Rosemary Kisembo, in her capacity as the executive director of NIRA, became a member of the board of directors and is the secretary of that board.
It is expected that under her leadership, NIRA will re-configure the National Registration Card, making it electronically active and adding more features. The new re-designed NIRA card is expected to be issued to the public in 2024.
See also
Uganda Registration Services Bureau
Mercy Kainobwisho
Referen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padstool%20%28signage%29 | Bicycle mushroom (Dutch: ) is a form of rural wayfinding signage for cyclists, in use in the Netherlands. They are named for their toadstool-like shape; "paddenstoel" first came into use as a nickname around 1921.
Use
Padstools are considered complementary to conventional signs on tall poles. In built-up areas, pole signs are preferred, but in natural areas such as moors, dunes, and woods, padstool signs are preferred. In natural areas, padstools are sufficiently visible to be spotted and read by the passing cyclist, without being so visible from far off that they spoil the views of the landscape.
Cyclists can look down on padstool signs, rather than having to look up away from the path. The signs are designed to be read quickly; there is a principle in the Netherlands that cyclists should not be slowed or stopped, even to read signage. A constant speed is more comfortable and efficient, and makes for shorter travel times.
History
The early twentieth century saw a dramatic increase in the number of cars; in 1920 the were about three thousand of them in the Netherlands. Cyclists' objections lead to the development of separate bike paths (paths deliberately made too narrow for cars), and these paths needed their own signage.
The Algemene Nederlandsche Wielrijdersbond (ANWB), disliking the cluttering of natural landscapes with pole-mounted bike signage, ran a prize competition in 1918 for a better design, intended to be locally-produced. Three prototypes were set up on the heath of Laren in early 1919. The winning design was by Johannes Hendrik Willem Leliman, a house architect from Baarn. The first twelve padstools were installed between Laren and Baarn in 1919, by the local Cycle Path Society and the ANWB, two closely-entwined organizations. In 1920, 13 more were installed, and by 1975 there were 32 hundred padstools. In 2019, there were about six thousand padstools in the Netherlands, clustered in certain areas.
From 2000, the ANWB gradually ceased being res |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeoclimatic%20ecosystem%20classification | Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) is an ecological classification framework used in British Columbia to define, describe, and map ecosystem-based units at various scales, from broad, ecologically-based climatic regions down to local ecosystems or sites. BEC is termed an ecosystem classification as the approach integrates site, soil, and vegetation characteristics to develop and characterize all units. BEC has a strong application focus and guides to classification and management of forests, grasslands and wetlands are available for much of the province to aid in identification of the ecosystem units.
History
The biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) system evolved from the work of Vladimir J. Krajina, a Czech-trained professor of ecology and botany at the University of British Columbia and his students, from 1949 - 1970. Krajina conceptualized the biogeoclimatic approach as an attempt to describe the ecologically diverse and largely undescribed landscape of British Columbia, the mountainous western-most province of Canada, using a unique blend of various contemporary traditions. These included the American tradition of community change and climax, the state factor concept of Jenny, the Braun-Blanquet approach, the Russian biogeocoenose, and environmental grids, and the European microscopic pedology approach
The biogeoclimatic approach was subsequently adopted by the Forest Service of British Columbia in 1976—initially as a five-year program to develop the classification to assist with tree species selection in reforestation. The classification concepts adopted from Krajina were modified by the staff of the B.C. Forest Service in the implementation of a provincial classification. Over the past 40 years, the BEC approach has been expanded and applied to all regions of British Columbia. It has developed into a comprehensive framework for understanding ecosystems in a climatically and topographically complex region.
Classification Framework
Biog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Peticov | Antonio Peticov (born July 2, 1946) is a Brazilian painter, designer, sculptor, and engraver.
Self-taught, Peticov's approach is based on systematic personal research in the history of art and its integration into avant-garde artistic movements in the second half of the 1960s. He also specialized in sacred geometry and the golden ratio, giving his work a strong mathematical character.
In 1967, together with artists Aldir Mendes de Souza and Gilberto Salvador, he founded the group Vanguarda Jovem no Arena, participating in several exhibitions. During the same period, he began his involvement with the Tropicália movement.
He was president of the cooperative of Visual Artists of Brazil between 2003 and 2007, and is a member of the Lewis Carroll Society of North America. He founded and directed the Núcleo de Arte Contemporânea (NAC) in São Paulo, between 1999 and 2006. In 2016, at the age of 70, he opened the Antonio Peticov Institute of Art and Culture.
Biography
Childhood and youth
A Brazilian of Bulgarian descent, Peticov's grandparents immigrated to Brazil with tickets paid for by the Brazilian government, who, after abolishing slavery, needed to replace the labor force. Peticov was born in the city of Assis, São Paulo, close to the border of Paraná. In 1960, while his family was living in Rio de Janeiro, Peticov became interested in pursuing art after meeting Mauro Salles Júnior, the art director of the Batista publishing house.
Adult life
In the late 1960s, influenced by the Beat Generation, Peticov saw himself as a hippie. In 1969, he went to the Midem Festival in Cannes with the band Os Mutantes, whom he helped found while managing the Six Sided Rockers. Peticov visited London where he was an assistant to his friend, artist Hélio Oiticica, in the assembly of his exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery.
In 1970, at the age of 23, he was arrested for the dissemination of lysergic acid (LSD) in Brazil. Among those working on the case was investigator and tor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensou%20SkyDrift | is a racing Touhou Project fangame developed in 2019 by illuCalab for Microsoft Windows and Nintendo Switch, by a development team who had previously worked on Mario Kart 8. In 2021, it was released for PlayStation 4.
Gameplay
In Gensou SkyDrift, the player will control two characters simultaneously, one who acts as the rider, and the other as the board. The player has a 'power' bar, which permanently increases as their team goes, but can be increased faster by passing colored rings on the course. When the bar is full, the player can have the two characters switch places, giving them a speed boost in the process. Additionally, when the bar is filled, the player will receive one of several possible power-ups, such as deploying obstacles on the track, or a temporary increase in speed.
Gensou SkyDrift has a story mode, in which the player can unlock new characters and tracks by completing races. The player may race in single player against the AI, or in multiplayer, either online or through local split-screen. The Steam and Switch versions are cross-compatible.
Development
Gensou SkyDrift was announced in November 2019, and released on December 12 for Steam and Nintendo Switch. The PlayStation 4 version was planned to be released within the first quarter of 2020, however, due to delays, the game wasn't released for PS4 until March 9, 2021. The PS4 version is backwards compatible with the PS5.
Reception
Gensou SkyDrift received "generally unfavorable reviews" on PlayStation 4, according to review aggregator Metacritic. Reviewers noted the absence of online players, and criticised the outdated graphics, and poor controls, which could not be remapped. However, they noted that having the player control two characters at once added depth to the gameplay. Nintendo World Reports Neal Ronaghan commended the Mario Kart: Double Dash-inspired gameplay mechanics and multiplayer component but criticized Gensou SkyDrift for its dated feel and design, as well as the lacklust |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinnova | Spinnova Plc (natively Spinnova Oyj) is a Finnish sustainable material company, part of a handful of companies "racing to produce recycled fabrics on a commercial scale."
The company has developed a technology, which can transform cellulosic fiber into fiber for the textile industry, with a mechanical process. The company’s headquarters and pilot factory are located in Jyväskylä, Finland and it also has offices in Helsinki, Finland. In 2021, Spinnova and its partner, Suzano Papel e Celulose announced plans to build the first commercial-scale fiber production facility in Jyväskylä. The facility is expected to open in 2024.
Technology
Spinnova began developing its technology within the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, before becoming its own company in 2014. Spinnova’s technology transforms cellulosic fiber into textile fibers from bio-based materials mechanically. The company has used wood, textile waste, and agricultural waste such as wheat or barley straw in fiber production. In 2021, the company announced that it will also start to develop a fiber made from leather waste.
Recognitions
2019 World Changing Ideas Awards Winner in the Experimental category
Fast Company’s 2020 Innovation by Design Awards’ Sustainability category finalist with Marimekko
Sustainability Achievement of the Year 2020 award with Bergans
Scandinavian Outdoor Awards 2021/22 overall winner with Bergans
See also
Lyocell
References
Cellulose
Companies listed on Nasdaq Helsinki
Finnish companies established in 2014
Jyväskylä
Manufacturing companies established in 2014
Textile companies of Finland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Viktorovich%20Bochkarev | Sergei (or Sergey) Viktorovich Bochkarev (or Bočkarev) (Сергей Викторович Бочкарёв, born July 24, 1941, in Kuybyshev now renamed Samara) is a Soviet and Russian mathematician.
Education and career
He received in 1964 his undergraduate degree from Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and in 1969 his Russian Candidate of Sciences degree (PhD) from Moscow State University. His dissertation о рядах Фурье по системе Хаара (On Fourier series in the Haar system) was supervised by Pyotr Lavrentyevich Ulyanov. From Moscow State University, Bochkarev received in 1974 his Russian Doctor of Science degree (habilitation). Since 1971 he has worked at the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, where he holds the title of leading scientific researcher in the Department of Function Theory.
His research deals with harmonic analysis, BMO spaces, Hardy spaces, functional analysis, construction of orthogonal bases in various function spaces, and exponential sums.
In 1977 he was awarded the Salem Prize. In 1978 he was an Invited Speaker with talk Метод усреднения в теории ортогональных рядов (The averaging method in the theory of orthogonal bases) at the International Congress of Mathematicians in Helsinki.
Selected publications
On a problem of Zygmund, Mathematics of the USSR-Izvestia, vol. 7, no. 3, 1973, p. 629
Existence of a basis in the space of functions analytic in the disk, and some properties of Franklin's system, Math. USSR Sbornik, vol. 24, 1974, pp. 1–16
The method of averaging in the theory of orthogonal series and some questions in the theory of bases, Tr. MIAN SSSR, vol. 146, 1978, pp. 3–87
The method of averaging in the theory of orthogonal series and some questions in the theory of bases, Proc. Steklov Inst. Math., vol. 146, 1980, pp. 1–92
Everywhere divergent Fourier series with respect to the Walsh system and with respect to multiplicative systems, Russian Math. Surveys, vol. 59, 2004, pp. 103–124
Multiplicative Inequalities for the L1 Norm: Applications in Analy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FM%20extended%20band%20in%20Brazil | In Brazil, the FM extended band (), abbreviated eFM, refers to the extension of the FM broadcast band between 76.1 and 87.3 MHz, beyond the conventional band of 87.5 to 108 MHz that was previously used. The reclaimed spectrum was previously used to broadcast television channels 5 and 6 before the country's digital television transition. The first eFM stations began broadcasting on May 7, 2021, and the spectrum is being used as part of a plan to migrate AM stations to the FM band.
History
The idea of converting the former channels 5 and 6 for sound broadcasting use had been first floated in Brazil in 2013, as a method to support AM stations by migrating them to FM; that year, President Dilma Rousseff signed a law that started the AM–FM migration process in Brazil. Since then, 1,720 of the country's 1,781 AM outlets have requested migration, including in areas where no further FM stations could be added. Jovem Pan News in São Paulo was allowed by the Ministry of Communications to conduct tests on 84.7 MHz in 2014.
In 2017, a decree was issued that required all new radios produced in the Free Economic Zone of Manaus beginning on January 1, 2019, to support tuning the extended band. By 2019, some makers of new automobiles, including Ford and Hyundai, and stereo manufacturer Pioneer Corporation were producing radios that supported the new band. Necessary regulatory changes by the National Telecommunications Agency (ANATEL) came into effect on November 3, 2020.
The new frequencies will support AM–FM migration in parts of Brazil where there is insufficient room to migrate stations on the standard band alone, which is the case in 14 states. However, they will not be accessible on all radio receivers, including smartphones, if these cannot be updated or replaced.
On May 7, 2021, the first ten stations began broadcasting on the extended band. Five, all on 87.1 MHz, are owned by the public broadcaster Brazil Communication Company (EBC). Four of those five are being used to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksei%20Markushevich | Aleksei Ivanovich Markushevich (; , Petrozavodsk – 7 June 1979, Moscow) was a Soviet mathematician, mathematical educator, and historian of mathematics. He is known for the Farrell–Markushevich theorem.
Biography
Markushevich's father worked as a junior architect for the Olonets provincial government. In 1916 the family moved to Semipalatinsk, where he graduated from secondary school in 1924. In 1925 he matriculated at the First Central Asian State University (now the National University of Uzbekistan). There in 1930 he graduated and was admitted to the correspondence course (education by mail) of the graduate school. In autumn 1931 he became a graduate student in the Research Institute of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University. There he received in 1934 his Aspirantur (similar to a PhD) under the supervision of Mikhail Lavrentyev, became at the beginning of 1935 a senior researcher, and became in 1938 an associate professor. At Moscow State University, Markushevich received in 1944 his Russian Doctor of Sciences degree (habilitation) and in 1946 became a full professor, retaining that academic position until his death.
Markushevich was elected in 1945 a corresponding member and in 1950 a full member of Академии педагогических наук РСФСР (Academy of Pedagogical Sciences, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic). For that academy he served as vice-president from 1950 to 1958 and again from 1964 to 1967. From 1958 to 1964 he was the primary deputy minister of education of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic.
In Академии педагогических наук СССР (Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR), he was elected a full member in 1967 and served as its vice-president from 1967 to 1975.
In 1978 he was an Invited Speaker at the International Congress of Mathematicians (ICM) in Helsinki.
The last years of his life were overshadowed by a scandal related to the theft of medieval European manuscripts from Российский государственный архив древних |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction%20and%20Engineering%20Forces | The Construction and Engineering Forces (Mongolian: барилга-инженерийн цэрэг), also known as the Corps of Engineers, is an engineering branch of the Mongolian Armed Forces that specializes in military construction and civil works. They also construct defensive positions, serve as sappers, and detect mines. They have played a leading role in Armed Forces peacekeeping missions and have successfully participated in UN peacekeeping operations and joint international training exercises.
History
Imperial era
The origin and development of the engineering army dates back to the era of the Mongol Empire. Engineers in the Mongol Army utilized unconventional techniques to win battles against enemies. Genghis Khan frequently utilized Chinese and Muslim engineers during the Khwarezmian campaign and the Sieges of Fancheng and Xiangyang.
Communist era
At the end of 1927, the 1st Cavalry Corps was entrenched as the main fighting force of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, and in 1928, the first “Breakdown and Repair Sapper Branch” was established. This was the first construction army to be established in the Mongolian People's Republic. In 1947, the Military Construction Command was established, with more than 10 units. At its peak, there were 23 military construction units, totaling around 20,000 soldiers and 56,000 officers. Beginning in 1963, large-scale construction work operated as a military affair under the responsibility of the Mongolian People's Army. On January 8, 1964, the Council of Ministers established the General Construction Military Agency under the Ministry of People's Military Affairs. A large number of construction military units were established over the course of the decades that followed. Prior to the 1990s, military construction units contributed 70-80 percent of the country's construction. Five construction units were involved in the construction of Erdenet, which was established in 1974. Construction units were also responsible for developi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Heinz%20Sielmann%20Foundation | The Heinz Sielmann Foundation (de:Heinz Sielmann Stiftung) is a charitable organization based in Duderstadt, Germany. The organization has the official motto "Diversity is our nature" and it introduces people, especially children and young people, to a positive approach towards the nature through its programs involving interpersonal experiences. It also spreads public awareness about nature and its need for protection and carries out the preservation of the Heinz Sielmann archive of nature photographies/films.
History
The organization started its journey in 1996 at a property located at Herbigshagen, near the town of Eichsfeld, Duderstadt in Lower Saxony. It acquired the property in 2003. From the early days, the organizations imparts lessons to the school students in the State of Lower Saxony, working as the Regional Environmental Education Center. Its nature adventure house was reopened in 2019 where the exhibition "Diversity needs diversity" exhibited the visitors, the complex interrelationships of nature with the help of mosaic flaps and a media installation. A separate exhibition has been arranged under the title "Heinz Sielmann: A life in a film". The classics and awards of Heinz Sielmann are shown in a separate trophy room. On the northern part of the estate is the Franz von Assisi chapel, in which the urn of the foundation's founder Heinz Sielmann was buried in 2006 and his wife Inge in 2019.
Functions and activities
While working on charitable purposes, the foundation operates and supports a large number of biotope and animal sanctuary projects throughout Germany. It also acquires large landscapes in order to preserve them for nature conservation and to ensure the stability of biodiversity at the site. To protect nature and the environment, in particular to maintain the diversity of fauna and flora , the foundation also acts as a funding institution. It supports projects outside of government programs in Germany. Where the project subject is directly |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20Font%20X%20encoding | Macintosh Font X is a character encoding which is used by Kermit to represent text on the Apple Macintosh (but not by standard Mac OS fonts). It is a modification of Mac OS Symbol to include all characters in DEC Special Graphics and the DEC Technical Character Set (unifying the ⎷ and √ from the Technical Character Set).
Characters at A4, A7, A9, D0, E1, and F1, along with the not sign at D8 are intended to assemble a 3x5 uppercase sigma.
See also
Macintosh Latin encoding, another Mac OS encoding used by Kermit.
Footnotes
References
Character sets
Latin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treedom | Treedom is a platform that allows anyone to plant trees in different countries of the world. Treedom also allows the 'owner's of the planted trees to receive images of the trees that have just been planted along with its GPS coordinates and updates from the project it is part of.
Procedure
The project developer who applies to become a "tree planter" has to make a formal request in the form of the "project". The submission is reviewed to exclude projects that require cutting other trees to make the space, violate the law, consider planting invasive species and the like. The farmer confirms the fact of planting the tree with the help of the specialized mobile application that captures both photo and GPS coordinates. These reports are then manually checked, verifying the location, quality of the image and species of the planted tree. Trees that do not take root for the first three years must be replanted. Treedom claims inspecting in place at least 25% of these projects per year. Additionally, 5% of the planted trees are put aside as so called “Project Reserve” that should cover possible loss of trees and the related absorption (like trees that die after the third year, for which a substitution is not provided). A user can then order planting a selected tree online, paying as for a web purchase.
Tree planters
Treedom works in collaboration with small collective of farmers, local community and NGO across different countries including Kenya, Tanzania, Guatemala, Ecuador, Italy, Haiti, Nepal, Pakistan, Peru, Italy, etc.
For the trees which bear fruits, the fruits are reckoned to belong to the farmers who planted it. The farmer planting a tree remains responsible for its growth and take care where the organization provides support by arranging agroforestry training and income opportunities. The platform is known to promote welfare of farmers, including female farmers for which it announced 'Mothers day campaign' during March 2020 with the aim to spread awareness ab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffblue | Diffblue Ltd is a spin-out from University of Oxford whose Cover product uses AI to automatically write unit tests for Java code. It is similar to GitHub Copilot in that it uses AI to write code, but differs in that it writes code fully autonomously vs. providing code suggestions for humans to review and edit. Diffblue was founded by Daniel Kroening and Peter Schrammel in 2016, and Mathew Lodge became CEO in July 2019
In 2017, Diffblue raised £17.3 million in Series A funding led by Goldman Sachs and Oxford Sciences Innovation. In 2020, Diffblue released a freeware version, Cover Community Edition. It can be used by both open source and commercial organisations. Diffblue raised $7m in January 2022 in a round led by venture capitalist IP Group, and a further $8m in November 2022 in a round led by AlbionVC.
Diffblue customers include Goldman Sachs, S&P Global, Citi, JP Morgan and AWS.
References
Software testing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LibreWolf | LibreWolf is a free and open-source web browser and fork of Firefox with an emphasis on privacy and security.
Development
LibreWolf was initially released for Linux operating systems on March 7 2020. A community-maintained version for Windows was released a year later with a macOS port planned. It can also be installed via a portable AppImage or via the Microsoft Store and Windows Package Manager.
Features
Being a privacy focused browser, LibreWolf does not include telemetry and has uBlock Origin pre-installed. Certain features like Pocket are also disabled, and the auto-update function has been removed.
License
The browser is licensed by Mozilla Public License 2.0 while the website is licensed by GNU AGPL 3.0.
See also
Browser security
Pale Moon
Gecko (software)
Waterfox
References
2020 software
Free web browsers
Gecko-based software
Windows web browsers
Web browsers
Linux web browsers
Free and open-source software
Web browsers based on Firefox |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20OS%20Hebrew | Mac OS Hebrew is used in Apple Macintosh computers to represent Hebrew texts.
References
Character sets
Hebrew
Hebrew alphabet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s%20Last%20Tango | Fermat's Last Tango is a 2000 off-Broadway musical about the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, written by husband and wife Joshua Rosenblum (music, lyrics) and Joanne Sydney Lessner (book, lyrics). The musical presents a fictionalized version of the real life story of Andrew Wiles, and has been praised for the accuracy of the mathematical content. The original production at the York Theatre received mixed reviews, but the musical was well received by mathematical audiences. A video of the original production has been distributed by the Clay Mathematics Institute and shown at several mathematical conferences and similar occasions. The musical has also been translated into Portuguese.
Synopsis
The plot is based on the story of the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem by Andrew Wiles, whose name is changed to "Daniel Keane" in the musical. After seven years of isolation in his attic, Keane believes he has found a proof of the theorem. The musical starts with a press conference, where Keane explains his proof to reporters and promises to return to normal life with his wife Anna and his family. After promising to Anna that he is now "done with Fermat", Keane is surprised in his study by none other than Fermat himself. Keane asks Fermat for the secret of his proof but is refused. Instead, Fermat introduces him to the "Aftermath", a "heavenly purgatory" where he meets the famous mathematicians Euclid, Pythagoras, Newton, and Gauss. They inform him that his proof contains a "big fat hole". In a second press conference, Keane is questioned by reporters about a flaw in the proof. Anna wishes for a corrected proof for her birthday. Fermat mocks Keane, and the other mathematicians inform him that "mathematics is a young man's game".
Keane returns to his attic to try to fix his proof, while his "math widow" wife is frustrated. Fermat continues to taunt Keane, but he is invisible and inaudible to Anna, and the three dance a "bizarre tango à trois" while Anna is confused by Keane talki |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamaha%20OPL | The OPL (FM Operator Type-L) series are a family of sound chips developed by Yamaha. The OPL series are low-cost sound chips providing FM synthesis for use in computing, music and video game applications.
Internal operation
The internal operation of the chips is completely digital. Each FM-tone is generated by a digital oscillator using a form of direct digital synthesis. A low-frequency oscillator and an envelope generator drive an FM operator to produce floating-point output for the DAC. Decapsulation of the chips shows two look-up tables, one for calculating exponents and one for log-sine. This allows the FM operator to calculate its output without any multipliers, using the formula and two 256-entry look-up tables. Both tables are stored as pairs of values rounded to the nearest whole number, with the second value represented as the difference between it and the first value.
A quarter of the log-transformed sine waveform is stored as a sampled approximation in a 256-word read-only memory (ROM) table, computed by for values of 0 to 255. The rest of the sine-waveform is extrapolated via its property of symmetry. Scaling the output of an oscillator to a wanted volume would normally be done by multiplication, but the YM3526 avoids multiplications by operating on log-transformed signals, which reduces multiplications into computationally cheaper additions.
Another 256-word ROM stores the exponential function as a lookup table, used to convert the logarithmic scale signal back to linear scale when required, as the final stage where the oscillator-outputs are summed together (just prior to the DAC-output bus), with the modulator waveform always delayed by one sample before the carrier waveform. This table is computed by for values of 0 to 255. To compute the exponent, 1024 is added to the value at the index given by the least significant byte of input; this becomes the significand and the remaining bits of input become the exponent of the floating point output |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20of%20Many | Man of Many is an Australian independent digital lifestyle publication and website founded by Scott Purcell and Frank Arthur in 2012 that focuses on men's lifestyle, technology and consumer product news.
History
Man of Many was founded in December 2012 by Scott Purcell and Frank Arthur as a publication covering consumer product news, technology and pop-culture content. The original concept behind the website was to report product news and announcements but the platform has since expanded to feature long-form editorials, interviews and local news and lifestyle content, on community issues such as men's mental health and sustainability.
In 2018, the publication announced a rebrand and launched a new website design in partnership with Sydney-based creative agency Canvas Group.
In January 2021, Man of Many publicly expressed concern about the impact of the proposed News Media Bargaining Code on independent publishers in Australia as well as in its formal submission to the Senate Economics Legislation Committee. The publication was also strongly opposed to Facebook blocking news content on its platform in Australia in February 2021 as a response to the proposed code.
In April 2021, Man of Many launched an e-commerce store called the Man of Many Shop. In July 2021, the publication partnered with other large digital publishers in the Australian market to pledge to publish clear and concise messaging to help drive COVID-19 vaccinations.
In September 2021, Man of Many won Media Brand of the Year in the 2021 Mumbrella Publish Awards and was announced as a founding member of the Digital Publishers’ Alliance (DPA) which collectively advocates for leading independent publications in Australia around key industry issues.
In January 2022, Man of Many became the first Australian publisher to sign on with Ipsos, the new exclusive and preferred source of digital audience measurement data to the national Interactive Advertising Bureau (IAB).
In its submission to the federal tr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generative%20Design%20in%20Minecraft | GDMC (short for Generative Design in Minecraft) is a programming competition to create procedurally generated settlements in Minecraft. The competition is organized by academics from New York University, the University of Hertfordshire and the Queen Mary University of London.
Organisers
Michael Cerny Green (New York University)
Christoph Salge (University of Hertfordshire)
Rodrigo Canaan (New York University)
Christian Guckelsberger (Queen Mary University of London)
Julian Togelius (New York University)
References
External links
Programming contests
Recurring events established in 2018 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Streaming%20Day | National Streaming Day is an unofficial holiday occurring on May 20, intended to celebrate streaming media. It was established in 2014 by Roku. In recent years, some streaming services have used the holiday to offer streaming promotions or discounted products.
Origins
National Streaming Day was started by the streaming platform Roku, initially to celebrate the anniversary of their first streaming device launch, The Netflix Player, on May 20, 2008. The first holiday was celebrated on May 20, 2014. It began as a celebration of streaming, with users of streaming platforms "encouraged to stream at least 60 minutes of their favorite entertainment today and share their selection using hashtag."
More recently, the holiday began to see streaming services make announcements of upcoming content and/or releases. Roku often offers discounts on their devices, such as Roku Streaming Stick+ and Roku Ultra. They also offered free access to normally exclusive content that would require payment or subscription. This was following a partnership with Showtime to offer some of their exclusive content for free on May 20.
On National Streaming Day 2020, Disney+, ESPN+ and Roku announced a collaboration to release exclusive news and series sneak peeks.
Announcements
On National Streaming Day 2020, Disney announced the release of Muppets Now, an unscripted Muppets show to air on Disney+. It also used the unofficial holiday to announce a monthly bundle deal where the three streaming services were available for $12.99 a month. Disney used May 20, 2020, to also announce the release of new content, the film Artemis Fowl. During the same year, ESPN used National Streaming Day to announce the return of Peyton's Places for a second season.
In 2021, Roku announced the release of their new Roku Originals on National Streaming Day.
References
Streaming television
May observances
Unofficial observances
Recurring events established in 2014 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20buffer | The diamond buffer or diamond follower is a four-transistor, two-stage, push-pull, translinear emitter follower, or less commonly source follower, in which the input transistors are folded, or placed upside-down with respect to the output transistors. Like any unity buffer, the diamond buffer does not alter the phase and magnitude of input voltage signal; its primary purpose is to interface a high-impedance voltage source with a low-impedance, high-current load. Unlike the more common compound emitter follower (a "double" in audio engineering terms), where each input transistor drives the output transistor of the same polarity, each input transistor of a diamond buffer drives the output transistor of the opposite polarity. When the transistors operate in close thermal contact, the input transistors stabilize the idle current of the output pair, eliminating the need for a bias spreader.
The diamond buffer is used primarily in the input and output stages of high-speed current-feedback operational amplifiers. The circuit is also the essential building block of bipolar current conveyors, and has seen limited use in line-level audio preamplifiers and in the output stages of audio power amplifiers.
Origins and applications
The diamond follower was a natural development of the complementary emitter follower with diode biasing. In 1971 Harris Corporation used it in the output stage of the HA-2600 monolithic operational amplifier. American press of the 1970s analyzed the HA-2600 in detail, but did not give its output stage a specific name The circuit remained uncommon, because early fabrication processes could not produce high-quality pnp transistors. The first dedicated diamond buffer circuit, the 30-MHz LH0002, was introduced by National Semiconductor in the late 1970s, and then described merely as "wide band, high current, unity gain buffer amplifier". By 1982, the LH0002 and similar discrete-transistor buffers were widely used in low-power (1 W or less) application |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Parsons%20%28engineer%29 | Michael Francis Parsons (1928–2021) was a civil engineer who designed major elements of large suspension bridges including the Severn Bridge; Forth Road Bridge; Humber Bridge and Bosphorus Bridges.
References
1928 births
2021 deaths
Alumni of the University of Bristol
British bridge engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-browser%20testing | Cross-browser testing is a type of non-functional software testing where web applications are checked for support across different browsers and devices. Cross-browser testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the status of the web application to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of releasing it or implementing new feature(s). Test techniques include the process of executing a web application with the intent of finding failures in different browsers and devices and verifying that the website is fit for use in all of them. In other words, Cross-browser testing is verification that web application behaves in various web browsers identically
History
The term "cross-browser testing" originated in the early 2000s with the advent of various web browsers that rendered web pages in different ways and supported different web technologies. As a result, this led to inconsistencies in the behavior of web applications across browsers. In the early 2010s, smartphones entered the device market, and their number began to grow significantly. According to the data from Statcounter, in November 2016 the number of sessions on mobile devices equaled the number of sessions on desktop devices. As of July 2021, the number of sessions on mobile devices is already 55.4%. The widespread use of mobile devices has led to the emergence of the term "cross-device testing"
Cross-browser testing process
Cross-browser testing involves the execution of a web application to evaluate one or more properties of interest on different browsers and devices. In general, these properties indicate the extent to which the web application under test:
meets the requirements that guided its design and development,
responds correctly to all kinds of inputs,
performs its functions within an acceptable time,
is sufficiently usable,
can be installed and run in its intended web browsers and devices
achieves the general result its stakeholders desire.
QA engineers
Cros |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kotan%20%28village%29 | A kotan (Katakana: コタン) is a traditional settlement of the Ainu people.
Introduction
Due to the scarcity of primary source materials (as the Ainu did not have a system of writing), all studies on the Ainu kotan (based on Russian, Japanese, and English works) will have different analyzations and opinions, varying largely depending on the researchers and the duration of their work.
The word kotan is often erroneously translated to as a "village"; the term generally applies to all human settlements, regardless of their size. For example, in the Ainu translation of the Bible, Rome and Jerusalem are referred to as yerusalem kotan and roma kotan, respectively.
Description
Unlike other hunter gatherers, who did not settle in one place at any given time, the Ainu were highly dependent on fishing, therefore they settled by places that had good fishing (like river estuaries) and built settlements there, though depending on the season the Ainu would move to a new fishing spot. For example, if the salmon spawning grounds differed along the same stretch of river, the Ainu would migrate along with the ground, leading to kotans being built at intervals of about 5 to 7 kilometers.
Average kotans were rather small and not very populous. A kotan can be made up of around five to seven houses, though there were larger settlements of ten or more. More than 20 households generally was the result of the forced Ainu labor mobilization under the place-contract system (場所請負制) established by the Matsumae clan during the Edo period, which cannot be called a traditional-style kotan anymore. In 1856, Takeshirō Matsuura (an explorer in Hokkaido) reported the statistical kotan was inhabited by 10 families and 47 people in total.
A kotan generally consisted of cise (thatched-roof houses), hepereset (cages for keeping young bears usually for the iomante ceremony), an ashinru and/or menokol (lavatories for the males and females respectively), a pui (stilt warehouse for storing food), and vari |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amastigomycota | Amastigomycota or Eufungi is a clade of fungi. It includes all fungi without flagella or centrioles, and with unstacked Golgi apparatus cisternae. Members of this clade are Dikarya and the traditional paraphyletic assemblage "Zygomycota", now divided into several monophyletic phyla.
Classifications
Cavalier-Smith (1981)
Kingdom (or Subkingdom) Eufungi
Phylum Hemiascomycota
Phylum Ustomycota
Phylum Zygomycota
Phylum Ascomycota
Phylum Uredomycota
Phylum Basidiomycota
At the time, the monophyly of Fungi (Eumycota) was not fully certain. Cavalier-Smith considered one scenario where Eufungi could be ancestral or basal to other eukaryotes due to their relatively simple cytology and small genome, though he favoured the hypothesis of fungal monophyly, which is now the consensus.
Phylogenetic tree
References
Fungus taxonomy
Fungi by classification
Mycology |
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