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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%20space | In mathematics, a Cantor space, named for Georg Cantor, is a topological abstraction of the classical Cantor set: a topological space is a Cantor space if it is homeomorphic to the Cantor set. In set theory, the topological space 2ω is called "the" Cantor space.
Examples
The Cantor set itself is a Cantor space. But... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PF%20%28firewall%29 | PF (Packet Filter, also written pf) is a BSD licensed stateful packet filter, a central piece of software for firewalling. It is comparable to netfilter (iptables), ipfw, and ipfilter.
PF was developed for OpenBSD, but has been ported to many other operating systems.
History
PF was originally designed as replacement... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooley%E2%80%93Tukey%20FFT%20algorithm | The Cooley–Tukey algorithm, named after J. W. Cooley and John Tukey, is the most common fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. It re-expresses the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of an arbitrary composite size in terms of N1 smaller DFTs of sizes N2, recursively, to reduce the computation time to O(N log N) for hig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feistel%20cipher | In cryptography, a Feistel cipher (also known as Luby–Rackoff block cipher) is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel, who did pioneering research while working for IBM; it is also commonly known as a Feistel network. A larg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the notion of a germ of an object in/on a topological space is an equivalence class of that object and others of the same kind that captures their shared local properties. In particular, the objects in question are mostly functions (or maps) and subsets. In specific implementations of this idea, the fun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenesis | Phylogenesis (from Greek φῦλον phylon "tribe" + γένεσις genesis "origin") is the biological process by which a taxon (of any rank) appears. The science that studies these processes is called phylogenetics.
These terms may be confused with the term phylogenetics, the application of molecular - analytical methods (i.e. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay%20slot | In computer architecture, a delay slot is an instruction slot being executed without the effects of a preceding instruction. The most common form is a single arbitrary instruction located immediately after a branch instruction on a RISC or DSP architecture; this instruction will execute even if the preceding branch is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%E2%80%93statistics%20theorem | In quantum mechanics, the spin–statistics theorem relates the intrinsic spin of a particle (angular momentum not due to the orbital motion) to the particle statistics it obeys. In units of the reduced Planck constant ħ, all particles that move in 3 dimensions have either integer spin or half-integer spin.
Background
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20general%20topology%20topics | This is a list of general topology topics.
Basic concepts
Topological space
Topological property
Open set, closed set
Clopen set
Closure (topology)
Boundary (topology)
Dense (topology)
G-delta set, F-sigma set
closeness (mathematics)
neighbourhood (mathematics)
Continuity (topology)
Homeomorphism
Local homeomorphism
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20number%20%28programming%29 | In computer programming, a magic number is any of the following:
A unique value with unexplained meaning or multiple occurrences which could (preferably) be replaced with a named constant
A constant numerical or text value used to identify a file format or protocol; for files, see List of file signatures
A distinct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20machine | In the theory of computation, a Moore machine is a finite-state machine whose current output values are determined only by its current state. This is in contrast to a Mealy machine, whose output values are determined both by its current state and by the values of its inputs. Like other finite state machines, in Moore m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeomorphism%20%28graph%20theory%29 | In graph theory, two graphs and are homeomorphic if there is a graph isomorphism from some subdivision of to some subdivision of . If the edges of a graph are thought of as lines drawn from one vertex to another (as they are usually depicted in illustrations), then two graphs are homeomorphic to each other in the g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CW%20complex | A CW complex (also called cellular complex or cell complex) is a kind of a topological space that is particularly important in algebraic topology. It was introduced by J. H. C. Whitehead to meet the needs of homotopy theory. This class of spaces is broader and has some better categorical properties than simplicial comp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EROS%20%28microkernel%29 | Extremely Reliable Operating System (EROS) is an operating system developed starting in 1991 at the University of Pennsylvania, and then Johns Hopkins University, and The EROS Group, LLC. Features include automatic data and process persistence, some preliminary real-time support, and capability-based security. EROS is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacology | Malacology is the branch of invertebrate zoology that deals with the study of the Mollusca (mollusks or molluscs), the second-largest phylum of animals in terms of described species after the arthropods. Mollusks include snails and slugs, clams, and cephalopods, along with numerous other kinds, many of which have shell... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interlisp | Interlisp (also seen with a variety of capitalizations) is a programming environment built around a version of the programming language Lisp. Interlisp development began in 1966 at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (renamed BBN Technologies) in Cambridge, Massachusetts with Lisp implemented for the Digital Equipment Corporation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uuencoding | uuencoding is a form of binary-to-text encoding that originated in the Unix programs uuencode and uudecode written by Mary Ann Horton at the University of California, Berkeley in 1980, for encoding binary data for transmission in email systems.
The name "uuencoding" is derived from Unix-to-Unix Copy, i.e. "Unix-to-Uni... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computability%20and%20complexity%20topics | This is a list of computability and complexity topics, by Wikipedia page.
Computability theory is the part of the theory of computation that deals with what can be computed, in principle. Computational complexity theory deals with how hard computations are, in quantitative terms, both with upper bounds (algorithms who... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20linear%20algebra | <noinclude>This is an outline of topics related to linear algebra, the branch of mathematics concerning linear equations and linear maps and their representations in vector spaces and through matrices.
Linear equations
Linear equation
System of linear equations
Determinant
Minor
Cauchy–Binet formula
Cramer's rule
Gaus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confidentiality | Confidentiality involves a set of rules or a promise usually executed through confidentiality agreements that limits the access or places restrictions on certain types of information.
Legal confidentiality
By law, lawyers are often required to keep confidential anything pertaining to the representation of a client. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universality%20class | In statistical mechanics, a universality class is a collection of mathematical models which share a single scale invariant limit under the process of renormalization group flow. While the models within a class may differ dramatically at finite scales, their behavior will become increasingly similar as the limit scale i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full-time%20equivalent | Full-time equivalent (FTE), or whole time equivalent (WTE), is a unit of measurement that indicates the workload of an employed person (or student) in a way that makes workloads or class loads comparable across various contexts. FTE is often used to measure a worker's or student's involvement in a project, or to track ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspended%20animation | Suspended animation is the temporary (short- or long-term) slowing or stopping of biological function so that physiological capabilities are preserved. It may be either hypometabolic or ametabolic in nature. It may be induced by either endogenous, natural or artificial biological, chemical or physical means. In its nat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Boehm | Barry William Boehm (May 16, 1935 – August 20, 2022) was an American software engineer, distinguished professor of computer science, industrial and systems engineering; the TRW Professor of Software Engineering; and founding director of the Center for Systems and Software Engineering at the University of Southern Calif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20rules%20of%20inference | This is a list of rules of inference, logical laws that relate to mathematical formulae.
Introduction
Rules of inference are syntactical transform rules which one can use to infer a conclusion from a premise to create an argument. A set of rules can be used to infer any valid conclusion if it is complete, while neve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20category%20theory | The following outline is provided as an overview of and guide to category theory, the area of study in mathematics that examines in an abstract way the properties of particular mathematical concepts, by formalising them as collections of objects and arrows (also called morphisms, although this term also has a specific,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KERNAL | KERNAL is Commodore's name for the ROM-resident operating system core in its 8-bit home computers; from the original PET of 1977, followed by the extended but related versions used in its successors: the VIC-20, Commodore 64, Plus/4, Commodore 16, and Commodore 128.
Description
The Commodore 8-bit machines' KERNAL con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank%20switching | Bank switching is a technique used in computer design to increase the amount of usable memory beyond the amount directly addressable by the processor instructions. It can be used to configure a system differently at different times; for example, a ROM required to start a system from diskette could be switched out when ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%20Digital | Gen Digital Inc. (formerly Symantec Corporation and NortonLifeLock) is a multinational software company co-headquartered in Tempe, Arizona and Prague, Czech Republic. The company provides cybersecurity software and services. Gen is a Fortune 500 company and a member of the S&P 500 stock-market index. The company also h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20representation | In mathematics, an affine representation of a topological Lie group G on an affine space A is a continuous (smooth) group homomorphism from G to the automorphism group of A, the affine group Aff(A). Similarly, an affine representation of a Lie algebra g on A is a Lie algebra homomorphism from g to the Lie algebra aff(A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAcert.org | CAcert.org is a community-driven certificate authority that issues free X.509 public key certificates. CAcert.org relies heavily on automation and therefore issues only Domain-validated certificates (and not Extended validation or Organization Validation certificates).
These certificates can be used to digitally sign ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiver%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, especially representation theory, a quiver is another name for a multidigraph; that is, a directed graph where loops and multiple arrows between two vertices are allowed. Quivers are commonly used in representation theory: a representation of a quiver assigns a vector space to each vertex of the quiv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a monad (also triple, triad, standard construction and fundamental construction) is a monoid in the category of endofunctors of some fixed category. An endofunctor is a functor mapping a category to itself, and a monad is an endofunctor together with two natural transformati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20Feferman | Solomon Feferman (December 13, 1928 – July 26, 2016) was an American philosopher and mathematician who worked in mathematical logic. In addition to his prolific technical work in proof theory, recursion theory, and set theory, he was known for his contributions to the history of logic (for instance, via biographical wr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration%20testing | Integration testing (sometimes called integration and testing, abbreviated I&T) is the phase in software testing in which the whole software module is tested or if it consists of multiple software modules they are combined and then tested as a group. Integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a syst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call%20signs%20in%20North%20America | Call signs are frequently still used by North American broadcast stations, in addition to amateur radio and other international radio stations that continue to identify by call signs worldwide. Each country has a different set of patterns for its own call signs. Call signs are allocated to ham radio stations in Barbado... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aviator%20call%20sign | An aviator call sign or aviator callsign is a call sign given to a military pilot, flight officer, and even some enlisted aviators. The call sign is a specialized form of nickname that is used as a substitute for the aviator's given name. It is used on flight suit and flight jacket name tags, painted/displayed beneath... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20discrete%20mathematics | Discrete mathematics is the study of mathematical structures that are fundamentally discrete rather than continuous. In contrast to real numbers that have the property of varying "smoothly", the objects studied in discrete mathematics – such as integers, graphs, and statements in logic – do not vary smoothly in this ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homochronous | In telecommunication, the term homochronous describes the relationship between two signals
such that their corresponding significant instants are displaced by a constant interval of time.
Synchronization |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UPGMA | UPGMA (unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean) is a simple agglomerative (bottom-up) hierarchical clustering method. It also has a weighted variant, WPGMA, and they are generally attributed to Sokal and Michener.
Note that the unweighted term indicates that all distances contribute equally to each average t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulus%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, an annulus (: annuli or annuluses) is the region between two concentric circles. Informally, it is shaped like a ring or a hardware washer. The word "annulus" is borrowed from the Latin word anulus or annulus meaning 'little ring'. The adjectival form is annular (as in annular eclipse).
The open annulu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muller%27s%20ratchet | In evolutionary genetics, Muller's ratchet (named after Hermann Joseph Muller, by analogy with a ratchet effect) is a process which, in the absence of recombination (especially in an asexual population), results in an accumulation of irreversible deleterious mutations. This happens because in the absence of recombinati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20regulatory%20network | A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell. GRN also play a central role in morphogenesis, the creati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20maintenance | Computer-aided maintenance (not to be confused with CAM which usually stands for Computer Aided Manufacturing) refers to systems that utilize software to organize planning, scheduling, and support of maintenance and repair. A common application of such systems is the maintenance of computers, either hardware or softwa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookup%20table | In computer science, a lookup table (LUT) is an array that replaces runtime computation with a simpler array indexing operation, in a process termed as direct addressing. The savings in processing time can be significant, because retrieving a value from memory is often faster than carrying out an "expensive" computatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATX | ATX (Advanced Technology Extended) is a motherboard and power supply configuration specification, patented by David Dent in 1995 at Intel, to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT design. It was the first major change in desktop computer enclosure, motherboard and power supply design in many years, improv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelzer%20engine | The Stelzer engine is a two-stroke opposing-piston free-piston engine design proposed by Frank Stelzer. It uses conjoined pistons in a push-pull arrangement which allows for fewer moving parts and simplified manufacturing. An engine of the same design appeared on the cover of the February 1969 issue of Mechanix Illustr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wizardry%20II%3A%20The%20Knight%20of%20Diamonds | Wizardry II: The Knight of Diamonds (originally known as Wizardry: Knight of Diamonds - The Second Scenario) is the second game in the Wizardry series of role-playing video games. It was published in 1982 by Sir-Tech.
Gameplay
The game begins with the city of Llylgamyn under siege. Llylgamyn's rulers have been killed,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xcode | Xcode is Apple's integrated development environment (IDE) for macOS, used to develop software for macOS, iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS, and visionOS. It was initially released in late 2003; the latest stable release is version 15, released on September 18, 2023, and is available free of charge via the Mac App Store and th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20analyser | An automated analyser is a medical laboratory instrument designed to measure various substances and other characteristics in a number of biological samples quickly, with minimal human assistance. These measured properties of blood and other fluids may be useful in the diagnosis of disease.
Photometry is the most commo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Powell | Lake Powell is an artificial reservoir on the Colorado River in Utah and Arizona, United States. It is a major vacation destination visited by approximately two million people every year. It is the second largest artificial reservoir by maximum water capacity in the United States behind Lake Mead, storing of water whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind%20carbon%20copy | Blind carbon copy (abbreviated Bcc) allows the sender of a message to conceal the person entered in the Bcc field from the other recipients. This concept originally applied to paper correspondence and now also applies to email.
In some circumstances, the typist creating a paper correspondence must ensure that multiple... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus%20snooping | Bus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems. This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "writ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6bner%20basis | In mathematics, and more specifically in computer algebra, computational algebraic geometry, and computational commutative algebra, a Gröbner basis is a particular kind of generating set of an ideal in a polynomial ring over a field . A Gröbner basis allows many important properties of the ideal and the associated alg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correctness%20%28computer%20science%29 | In theoretical computer science, an algorithm is correct with respect to a specification if it behaves as specified. Best explored is functional correctness, which refers to the input-output behavior of the algorithm (i.e., for each input it produces an output satisfying the specification).
Within the latter notion, p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickson%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Dickson's lemma states that every set of -tuples of natural numbers has finitely many minimal elements. This simple fact from combinatorics has become attributed to the American algebraist L. E. Dickson, who used it to prove a result in number theory about perfect numbers. However, the lemma was certain... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomial | In mathematics, a monomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial which has only one term. Two definitions of a monomial may be encountered:
A monomial, also called power product, is a product of powers of variables with nonnegative integer exponents, or, in other words, a product of variables, possibly with repetitions. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced%20representation | In group theory, the induced representation is a representation of a group, , which is constructed using a known representation of a subgroup . Given a representation of , the induced representation is, in a sense, the "most general" representation of that extends the given one. Since it is often easier to find repres... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium%20sodium%20tartrate | Potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate, also known as Rochelle salt, is a double salt of tartaric acid first prepared (in about 1675) by an apothecary, Pierre Seignette, of La Rochelle, France. Potassium sodium tartrate and monopotassium phosphate were the first materials discovered to exhibit piezoelectricity. This pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20software%20engineering | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to software engineering:
Software engineering – application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software; that is the application of engineering to software.
The ACM Computing Classi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promiscuous%20mode | In computer networking, promiscuous mode is a mode for a wired network interface controller (NIC) or wireless network interface controller (WNIC) that causes the controller to pass all traffic it receives to the central processing unit (CPU) rather than passing only the frames that the controller is specifically progra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven%20development | Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development process relying on software requirements being converted to test cases before software is fully developed, and tracking all software development by repeatedly testing the software against all test cases. This is as opposed to software being developed first and tes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20by%20infinite%20descent | In mathematics, a proof by infinite descent, also known as Fermat's method of descent, is a particular kind of proof by contradiction used to show that a statement cannot possibly hold for any number, by showing that if the statement were to hold for a number, then the same would be true for a smaller number, leading t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien%20Syndrome | is a run and gun video game developed by Sega and released in arcades in 1987, and later ported to the Master System in 1988. The game utilizes a side-scrolling feature that allows the player to take control of either a male (Ricky) or female (Mary) soldier whilst hunting aliens and saving hostages before they run out ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimal%20solutions%20for%20the%20Rubik%27s%20Cube | Optimal solutions for the Rubik's Cube are solutions that are the shortest in some sense. There are two common ways to measure the length of a solution. The first is to count the number of quarter turns. The second is to count the number of outer-layer twists, called "face turns". A move to turn an outer layer two qua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cayley%20graph | In mathematics, a Cayley graph, also known as a Cayley color graph, Cayley diagram, group diagram, or color group, is a graph that encodes the abstract structure of a group. Its definition is suggested by Cayley's theorem (named after Arthur Cayley), and uses a specified set of generators for the group. It is a central... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20graph | In mathematics, random graph is the general term to refer to probability distributions over graphs. Random graphs may be described simply by a probability distribution, or by a random process which generates them. The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory. From a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desargues%27s%20theorem | In projective geometry, Desargues's theorem, named after Girard Desargues, states:
Two triangles are in perspective axially if and only if they are in perspective centrally.
Denote the three vertices of one triangle by and , and those of the other by and . Axial perspectivity means that lines and meet in a poi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20complements | In mathematics and computing, the method of complements is a technique to encode a symmetric range of positive and negative integers in a way that they can use the same algorithm (or mechanism) for addition throughout the whole range. For a given number of places half of the possible representations of numbers encode t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-structured%20file%20system | A log-structured filesystem is a file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a circular buffer, called a log. The design was first proposed in 1988 by John K. Ousterhout and Fred Douglis and first implemented in 1992 by Ousterhout and Mendel Rosenblum for the Unix-like Sprite distributed operati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serre%20duality | In algebraic geometry, a branch of mathematics, Serre duality is a duality for the coherent sheaf cohomology of algebraic varieties, proved by Jean-Pierre Serre. The basic version applies to vector bundles on a smooth projective variety, but Alexander Grothendieck found wide generalizations, for example to singular var... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20detector | A phase detector or phase comparator is a frequency mixer, analog multiplier or logic circuit that generates a signal which represents the difference in phase between two signal inputs.
The phase detector is an essential element of the phase-locked loop (PLL). Detecting phase difference is important in other applicati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20structure | An abstract structure is an abstraction that might be of the geometric spaces or a set structure, or a hypostatic abstraction that is defined by a set of mathematical theorems and laws, properties and relationships in a way that is logically if not always historically independent of the structure of contingent experie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance%20of%20Power%20%28video%20game%29 | Balance of Power is a strategy video game of geopolitics during the Cold War, created by Chris Crawford and published in 1985 on the Macintosh by Mindscape, followed by ports to a variety of platforms over the next two years.
In the game, the player takes the role of the President of the United States or General Secre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20R.%20Ehrlich | Paul Ralph Ehrlich (born May 29, 1932) is an American biologist known for his predictions and warnings about the consequences of population growth, including famine and resource depletion. Ehrlich is the Bing Professor Emeritus of Population Studies of the Department of Biology of Stanford University, and President of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20mathematical%20examples | This page will attempt to list examples in mathematics. To qualify for inclusion, an article should be about a mathematical object with a fair amount of concreteness. Usually a definition of an abstract concept, a theorem, or a proof would not be an "example" as the term should be understood here (an elegant proof of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumulant | In probability theory and statistics, the cumulants of a probability distribution are a set of quantities that provide an alternative to the moments of the distribution. Any two probability distributions whose moments are identical will have identical cumulants as well, and vice versa.
The first cumulant is the mea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoutcast | Shoutcast (formerly SHOUTcast) is a service for streaming media over the internet to media players, using its own cross-platform proprietary software. It allows digital audio content, primarily in MP3 or High-Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding format. The most common use of Shoutcast is for creating or listening to Inter... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20by%20exhaustion | Proof by exhaustion, also known as proof by cases, proof by case analysis, complete induction or the brute force method, is a method of mathematical proof in which the statement to be proved is split into a finite number of cases or sets of equivalent cases, and where each type of case is checked to see if the proposit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordnance%20Survey%20National%20Grid | The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system (OSGB) (also known as British National Grid (BNG)) is a system of geographic grid references used in Great Britain, distinct from latitude and longitude.
The Ordnance Survey (OS) devised the national grid reference system, and it is heavily used in its survey data, an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20product | In mathematics, specifically group theory, the free product is an operation that takes two groups G and H and constructs a new The result contains both G and H as subgroups, is generated by the elements of these subgroups, and is the “universal” group having these properties, in the sense that any two homomorphisms f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive%20proof | In mathematics, a constructive proof is a method of proof that demonstrates the existence of a mathematical object by creating or providing a method for creating the object. This is in contrast to a non-constructive proof (also known as an existence proof or pure existence theorem), which proves the existence of a part... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20of%20several%20complex%20variables | The theory of functions of several complex variables is the branch of mathematics dealing with functions defined on the complex coordinate space , that is, -tuples of complex numbers. The name of the field dealing with the properties of these functions is called several complex variables (and analytic space), which the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20sound%20chips | Sound chips come in different forms and use a variety of techniques to generate audio signals. This is a list of sound chips that were produced by a certain company or manufacturer, categorized by the sound generation of the chips.
Programmable sound generators (PSG)
Wavetable synthesis
Frequency modulation (FM) syn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tur%C3%A1n%27s%20theorem | In graph theory, Turán's theorem bounds the number of edges that can be included in an undirected graph that does not have a complete subgraph of a given size. It is one of the central results of extremal graph theory, an area studying the largest or smallest graphs with given properties, and is a special case of the f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planisphere | In astronomy, a planisphere () is a star chart analog computing instrument in the form of two adjustable disks that rotate on a common pivot. It can be adjusted to display the visible stars for any time and date. It is an instrument to assist in learning how to recognize stars and constellations. The astrolabe, an inst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backdoor%20%28computing%29 | A backdoor is a typically covert method of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer, product, embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment (e.g. part of a cryptosystem, algorithm, chipset, or even a "homunculus computer"—a tiny computer-within-a-computer such as that found in Intel's AMT t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coercivity | Coercivity, also called the magnetic coercivity, coercive field or coercive force, is a measure of the ability of a ferromagnetic material to withstand an external magnetic field without becoming demagnetized. Coercivity is usually measured in oersted or ampere/meter units and is denoted .
An analogous property in ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReactOS | ReactOS is a free and open-source operating system for amd64/i686 personal computers intended to be binary-compatible with computer programs and device drivers developed for Windows Server 2003 and later versions of Microsoft Windows. ReactOS has been noted as a potential open-source drop-in replacement for Windows and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrification | Nitrification is the biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrate via the intermediary nitrite. Nitrification is an important step in the nitrogen cycle in soil. The process of complete nitrification may occur through separate organisms or entirely within one organism, as in comammox bacteria. The transformation of ammon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-inspired%20computing | Bio-inspired computing, short for biologically inspired computing, is a field of study which seeks to solve computer science problems using models of biology. It relates to connectionism, social behavior, and emergence. Within computer science, bio-inspired computing relates to artificial intelligence and machine learn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20hypergeometric%20function | In mathematics, a generalized hypergeometric series is a power series in which the ratio of successive coefficients indexed by n is a rational function of n. The series, if convergent, defines a generalized hypergeometric function, which may then be defined over a wider domain of the argument by analytic continuation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanover%20bars | Hanover bars, in one of the PAL television video formats, are an undesirable visual artifact in the reception of a television image. The name refers to the city of Hannover, in which the PAL system developer Telefunken Fernseh und Rundfunk GmbH was located.
The PAL system encodes color as YUV. The U (corresponding to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubik%27s%20Magic | Rubik's Magic, like the Rubik's Cube, is a mechanical puzzle invented by Ernő Rubik and first manufactured by Matchbox in the mid-1980s.
The puzzle consists of eight black square tiles (changed to red squares with goldish rings in 1997) arranged in a 2 × 4 rectangle; diagonal grooves on the tiles hold wires that conne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negentropy | In information theory and statistics, negentropy is used as a measure of distance to normality. The concept and phrase "negative entropy" was introduced by Erwin Schrödinger in his 1944 popular-science book What is Life? Later, French physicist Léon Brillouin shortened the phrase to néguentropie (negentropy). In 1974,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20bundle | In mathematics, a line bundle expresses the concept of a line that varies from point to point of a space. For example, a curve in the plane having a tangent line at each point determines a varying line: the tangent bundle is a way of organising these. More formally, in algebraic topology and differential topology, a li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Descent%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the idea of descent extends the intuitive idea of 'gluing' in topology. Since the topologists' glue is the use of equivalence relations on topological spaces, the theory starts with some ideas on identification.
Descent of vector bundles
The case of the construction of vector bundles from data on a di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20console | One meaning of system console, computer console, root console, operator's console, or simply console is the text entry and display device for system administration messages, particularly those from the BIOS or boot loader, the kernel, from the init system and from the system logger. It is a physical device consisting o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20lab | A computer lab is a space where computer services are provided to a defined community. These are typically public libraries and academic institutions. Generally, users must follow a certain user policy to retain access to the computers. This usually consists of rules such as no illegal activity during use or attempts t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20theory | Order theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that". This article introduces the field and provides basic definitions. A list of order-theoretic t... |
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