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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noetherian%20module | In abstract algebra, a Noetherian module is a module that satisfies the ascending chain condition on its submodules, where the submodules are partially ordered by inclusion.
Historically, Hilbert was the first mathematician to work with the properties of finitely generated submodules. He proved an important theorem kn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20content | In information theory, the information content, self-information, surprisal, or Shannon information is a basic quantity derived from the probability of a particular event occurring from a random variable. It can be thought of as an alternative way of expressing probability, much like odds or log-odds, but which has par... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus%20%28mathematics%29 | In geometry, a locus (plural: loci) (Latin word for "place", "location") is a set of all points (commonly, a line, a line segment, a curve or a surface), whose location satisfies or is determined by one or more specified conditions.
The set of the points that satisfy some property is often called the locus of a point ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptologia | Cryptologia is a journal in cryptography published six times per year since January 1977. Its remit is all aspects of cryptography, with a special emphasis on historical aspects of the subject. The founding editors were Brian J. Winkel, David Kahn, Louis Kruh, Cipher A. Deavours and Greg Mellen. The current Editor-in-C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaxial | In geometry, coaxial means that several three-dimensional linear or planar forms share a common axis. The two-dimensional analog is concentric.
Common examples:
A coaxial cable is a three-dimensional linear structure. It has a wire conductor in the centre (D), a circumferential outer conductor (B), and an insulating ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20purification | Protein purification is a series of processes intended to isolate one or a few proteins from a complex mixture, usually cells, tissues or whole organisms. Protein purification is vital for the specification of the function, structure and interactions of the protein of interest. The purification process may separate th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Hexanol | 1-Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol. Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area%20denial%20weapon | An area denial weapon is a defensive device used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land, sea or air. The specific method may not be totally effective in preventing passage, but is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down, or endanger the opponent. Some area denial weapons pose risks to c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20number | In number theory, a happy number is a number which eventually reaches 1 when replaced by the sum of the square of each digit. For instance, 13 is a happy number because , and . On the other hand, 4 is not a happy number because the sequence starting with and eventually reaches , the number that started the sequence, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL/M | The PL/M programming language
(an acronym of Programming Language for Microcomputers)
is a high-level language conceived and developed by
Gary Kildall in 1973 for Hank Smith at Intel for its microprocessors.
Overview
The language incorporated ideas from PL/I, ALGOL and XPL, and had an integrated macro processor. As ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20covariance | In relativistic physics, Lorentz symmetry or Lorentz invariance, named after the Dutch physicist Hendrik Lorentz, is an equivalence of observation or observational symmetry due to special relativity implying that the laws of physics stay the same for all observers that are moving with respect to one another within an i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mbone | Mbone (short for "multicast backbone") was an experimental backbone and virtual network built on top of the Internet for carrying IP multicast traffic on the Internet. It was developed in the early 1990s and required specialized hardware and software. Since the operators of most Internet routers have disabled IP multic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20space | In mathematics, a spectral space is a topological space that is homeomorphic to the spectrum of a commutative ring. It is sometimes also called a coherent space because of the connection to coherent topos.
Definition
Let X be a topological space and let K(X) be the set of all
compact open subsets of X. Then X is sai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survey%20township | A survey township, sometimes called a Congressional township or just township, as used by the United States Public Land Survey System and by Canada's Dominion Land Survey is a nominally-square area of land that is nominally six survey miles (about 9.66 km) on a side. Each 36-square-mile (about 93.2 km2) township is div... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polybius%20square | The Polybius square, also known as the Polybius checkerboard, is a device invented by the ancient Greeks Cleoxenus and Democleitus, and made famous by the historian and scholar Polybius. The device is used for fractionating plaintext characters so that they can be represented by a smaller set of symbols, which is usefu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirement | In product development and process optimization, a requirement is a singular documented physical or functional need that a particular design, product or process aims to satisfy. It is commonly used in a formal sense in engineering design, including for example in systems engineering, software engineering, or enterprise... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDNA%20library | A cDNA library is a combination of cloned cDNA (complementary DNA) fragments inserted into a collection of host cells, which constitute some portion of the transcriptome of the organism and are stored as a "library". cDNA is produced from fully transcribed mRNA found in the nucleus and therefore contains only the expre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabVIEW | Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW) is a system-design platform and development environment for a visual programming language from National Instruments.
The graphical language is named "G"; not to be confused with G-code. The G dataflow language was originally developed by LabVIEW. LabVIEW i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Looking%20Glass | Project Looking Glass is a now inactive free software project under the GPL to create an innovative 3D desktop environment for Linux, Solaris, and Windows. It was sponsored by Sun Microsystems.
Looking Glass is programmed in the Java language using the Java 3D system to remain platform independent. Despite the use of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee%20diagram | In biochemistry, an Eadie–Hofstee plot (or Eadie–Hofstee diagram) is a graphical representation of the Michaelis–Menten equation in enzyme kinetics. It has been known by various different names, including Eadie plot, Hofstee plot and Augustinsson plot. Attribution to Woolf is often omitted, because although Haldane and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Hindenburg | Carl Friedrich Hindenburg (13 July 1741 – 17 March 1808) was a German mathematician born in Dresden. His work centered mostly on combinatorics and probability.
Education
Hindenburg did not attend school but was educated at home by a private tutor as arranged by his merchant father. He went to the University of Leipzig... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20leakage | The Fourier transform of a function of time, s(t), is a complex-valued function of frequency, S(f), often referred to as a frequency spectrum. Any linear time-invariant operation on s(t) produces a new spectrum of the form H(f)•S(f), which changes the relative magnitudes and/or angles (phase) of the non-zero values of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulse%20response | In signal processing and control theory, the impulse response, or impulse response function (IRF), of a dynamic system is its output when presented with a brief input signal, called an impulse (). More generally, an impulse response is the reaction of any dynamic system in response to some external change. In both case... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20Account%20Manager | The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file in Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users. Beginning with Windows 2000 SP4, Active Directory authenticates remote users. SAM uses cryptographic measures to prevent unau... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Step%20response | The step response of a system in a given initial state consists of the time evolution of its outputs when its control inputs are Heaviside step functions. In electronic engineering and control theory, step response is the time behaviour of the outputs of a general system when its inputs change from zero to one in a ver... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experian | Experian is a multinational data analytics and consumer credit reporting company headquartered in Dublin, Ireland. Experian collects and aggregates information on over 1 billion people and businesses including 235 million individual U.S. consumers and more than 25 million U.S. businesses.
The company operates in 37 co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntax%20%28logic%29 | In logic, syntax is anything having to do with formal languages or formal systems without regard to any interpretation or meaning given to them. Syntax is concerned with the rules used for constructing, or transforming the symbols and words of a language, as contrasted with the semantics of a language which is concerne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processing | Processing is a free graphical library and integrated development environment (IDE) built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching non-programmers the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.
Processing uses the Java language, with additional s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20space%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, a state space is a discrete space representing the set of all possible configurations of a "system". It is a useful abstraction for reasoning about the behavior of a given system and is widely used in the fields of artificial intelligence and game theory.
For instance, the toy problem Vacuum World... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20plot | In descriptive statistics and chaos theory, a recurrence plot (RP) is a plot showing, for each moment in time, the times at which the state of a dynamical system returns to the previous state at ,
i.e., when the phase space trajectory visits roughly the same area in the phase space as at time . In other words, it is a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Art%20of%20Unix%20Programming | The Art of Unix Programming by Eric S. Raymond is a book about the history and culture of Unix programming from its earliest days in 1969 to 2003 when it was published, covering both genetic derivations such as BSD and conceptual ones such as Linux.
The author utilizes a comparative approach to explaining Unix by cont... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20Unix%20Code | Extended Unix Code (EUC) is a multibyte character encoding system used primarily for Japanese, Korean, and simplified Chinese.
The most commonly used EUC codes are variable-length encodings with a character belonging to an compliant coded character set (such as ASCII) taking one byte, and a character belonging to a 9... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB%202312 | is a key official character set of the People's Republic of China, used for Simplified Chinese characters. GB2312 is the registered internet name for EUC-CN, which is its usual encoded form. GB refers to the Guobiao standards (国家标准), whereas the T suffix () denotes a non-mandatory standard.
was originally a mandatory... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing%20%28physics%29 | In physics, a dynamical system is said to be mixing if the phase space of the system becomes strongly intertwined, according to at least one of several mathematical definitions. For example, a measure-preserving transformation T is said to be strong mixing if
whenever A and B are any measurable sets and μ is the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20number%20%28physics%29 | In nuclear physics, a magic number is a number of nucleons (either protons or neutrons, separately) such that they are arranged into complete shells within the atomic nucleus. As a result, atomic nuclei with a 'magic' number of protons or neutrons are much more stable than other nuclei. The seven most widely recognized... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/126%20%28number%29 | 126 (one hundred [and] twenty-six) is the natural number following 125 and preceding 127.
In mathematics
As the binomial coefficient , 126 is a central binomial coefficient, and in Pascal's Triangle, it is a pentatope number. 126 is a sum of two cubes, and since 125 + 1 is σ3(5), 126 is the fifth value of the sum of c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven-segment%20display | A seven-segment display is a form of electronic display device for displaying decimal numerals that is an alternative to the more complex dot matrix displays.
Seven-segment displays are widely used in digital clocks, electronic meters, basic calculators, and other electronic devices that display numerical information.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20constant | The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square. For example, the magic square shown below has a magic constant of 15. For a normal magic square of order n – that is, a magic square which contains the numbers 1, 2, ..., n2 – the magic constant ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20copyright | Software copyright is the application of copyright in law to machine-readable software. While many of the legal principles and policy debates concerning software copyright have close parallels in other domains of copyright law, there are a number of distinctive issues that arise with software. This article primarily fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Wire | 1-Wire is a wired half duplex serial bus designed by Dallas Semiconductor that provides low-speed (16.3 kbit/s) data communication and supply voltage over a single conductor.
1-Wire is similar in concept to I²C, but with lower data rates and longer range. It is typically used to communicate with small inexpensive devi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto%20Toeplitz | Otto Toeplitz (1 August 1881 – 15 February 1940) was a German mathematician working in functional analysis.
Life and work
Toeplitz was born to a Jewish family of mathematicians. Both his father and grandfather were Gymnasium mathematics teachers and published papers in mathematics. Toeplitz grew up in Breslau and gr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%20Filing%20Protocol | The Apple Filing Protocol (AFP), formerly AppleTalk Filing Protocol, is a proprietary network protocol, and part of the Apple File Service (AFS), that offers file services for macOS, classic Mac OS, and Apple II computers. In OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion and earlier, AFP was the primary protocol for file services. Starting... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multidisciplinary%20design%20optimization | Multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) is a field of engineering that uses optimization methods to solve design problems incorporating a number of disciplines. It is also known as multidisciplinary system design optimization (MSDO), and Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization (MDAO).
MDO allows design... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MkLinux | MkLinux (for Microkernel Linux) is an open-source software computer operating system begun by the Open Software Foundation Research Institute and Apple Computer in February 1996, to port Linux to the PowerPC platform, and Macintosh computers. The name refers to the Linux kernel being adapted to run as a server hosted o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineers%20Without%20Borders%20International | Engineers Without Borders International (EWB-I) is an association of individual Engineers Without Borders/ groups. EWB-I facilitates collaboration and the exchange of information among the member groups. EWB-I helps its member groups develop their capacity to assist underserved communities in their respective countrie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20128K | The Apple Macintosh—later rebranded as the Macintosh 128K—is the original Apple Macintosh personal computer. It played a pivotal role in establishing desktop publishing as a general office function. The motherboard, a CRT monitor, and a floppy drive were housed in a beige case with integrated carrying handle; it came ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum%20phase | In control theory and signal processing, a linear, time-invariant system is said to be minimum-phase if the system and its inverse are causal and stable.
The most general causal LTI transfer function can be uniquely factored into a series of an all-pass and a minimum phase system. The system function is then the produ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State-space%20representation | In control engineering and system identification, a state-space representation is a mathematical model of a physical system specified as a set of input, output and variables related by first-order (not involving second derivatives) differential equations or difference equations. Such variables, called state variables, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instability | In dynamical systems instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds. Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.
In structural engineering, a structural beam or column can become unstable whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malted%20milk | Malted milk or malt powder is a powdered gruel made from a mixture of malted barley, wheat flour, and evaporated whole milk powder. The powder is used to add its distinctive flavor to beverages and other foods, but it is also used in baking to help dough cook properly.
History
London pharmacist James Horlick develo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Internet%20Name%20Service | Windows Internet Name Service (WINS) is the Microsoft implementation of NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS), a name server and service for NetBIOS computer names. Effectively, WINS is to NetBIOS names what DNS is to domain names — a central mapping of host names to network addresses. Like the DNS, it is implemented in two part... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indirect%20branch | An indirect branch (also known as a computed jump, indirect jump and register-indirect jump) is a type of program control instruction present in some machine language instruction sets. Rather than specifying the address of the next instruction to execute, as in a direct branch, the argument specifies where the address... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dd%20%28Unix%29 | dd is a command-line utility for Unix, Plan 9, Inferno, and Unix-like operating systems and beyond, the primary purpose of which is to convert and copy files. On Unix, device drivers for hardware (such as hard disk drives) and special device files (such as /dev/zero and /dev/random) appear in the file system just like ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verse%20protocol | Verse is a networking protocol allowing real-time communication between computer graphics software. For example, several architects can build a house in the same virtual environment using their own computers, even if they are using different software. If one architect builds a spiral staircase, it instantly appears o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welch%27s%20method | Welch's method, named after Peter D. Welch, is an approach for spectral density estimation.
It is used in physics, engineering, and applied mathematics for estimating the power of a signal at different frequencies.
The method is based on the concept of using periodogram spectrum estimates, which are the result of conv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TimesTen | Oracle TimesTen In-Memory Database is an in-memory, relational database management system with persistence and high availability. Originally designed and implemented at Hewlett-Packard labs in Palo Alto, California, TimesTen spun out into a separate startup in 1996 and was acquired by Oracle Corporation in 2005.
Times... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almaty%20Tower | The Almaty Television Tower (), or simply Almaty Tower, formally the Koktobe TV Tower () is a steel television tower built between 1975 and 1983 in Almaty, Kazakhstan. The tower is located on high slopes of Kok Tobe mountain ( means "green hill") south-east of downtown Almaty. Unlike other similar TV towers, it is no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRYPTREC | CRYPTREC is the Cryptography Research and Evaluation Committees set up by the Japanese Government to evaluate and recommend cryptographic techniques for government and industrial use. It is comparable in many respects to the European Union's NESSIE project and to the Advanced Encryption Standard process run by National... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20light%20modulator | A spatial light modulator (SLM) is an optical device that imposes some form of spatially varying modulation on a beam of light. A simple example is an overhead projector transparency. Usually when the term SLM is used, it means that the transparency can be controlled by a computer. In the 1980s, large SLMs were placed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalinguistic%20abstraction | In computer science, metalinguistic abstraction is the process of solving complex problems by creating a new language or vocabulary to better understand the problem space. More generally, it also encompasses the ability or skill of a programmer to think outside of the pre-conceived notions of a specific language in ord... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completeness%20%28order%20theory%29 | In the mathematical area of order theory, completeness properties assert the existence of certain infima or suprema of a given partially ordered set (poset). The most familiar example is the completeness of the real numbers. A special use of the term refers to complete partial orders or complete lattices. However, many... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal%20reconstruction | In signal processing, reconstruction usually means the determination of an original continuous signal from a sequence of equally spaced samples.
This article takes a generalized abstract mathematical approach to signal sampling and reconstruction. For a more practical approach based on band-limited signals, see Whitt... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRASS%20GIS | Geographic Resources Analysis Support System (commonly termed GRASS GIS) is a geographic information system (GIS) software suite used for geospatial data management and analysis, image processing, producing graphics and maps, spatial and temporal modeling, and visualizing. It can handle raster, topological vector, imag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20operator | In the theory of partial differential equations, elliptic operators are differential operators that generalize the Laplace operator. They are defined by the condition that the coefficients of the highest-order derivatives be positive, which implies the key property that the principal symbol is invertible, or equivale... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20XNA | Microsoft XNA (a recursive acronym for XNA's not acronymed) is a freeware set of tools with a managed runtime environment that Microsoft developed to facilitate video game development. XNA is based on .NET Framework, with versions that run on Windows and Xbox 360. XNA Game Studio can help develop XNA games. The XNA too... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20geodesic | In mathematics, a prime geodesic on a hyperbolic surface is a primitive closed geodesic, i.e. a geodesic which is a closed curve that traces out its image exactly once. Such geodesics are called prime geodesics because, among other things, they obey an asymptotic distribution law similar to the prime number theorem.
T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder%201024 | Cylinder 1024 is the first cylinder of a hard disk that was inaccessible in the original IBM PC compatible hardware specification, interrupt 13h, which uses cylinder-head-sector addressing. At boot time, the BIOS of many very old PCs could only access the first 1024 cylinders, numbered 0 to 1023, as the specific CHS ad... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoresponder | An autoresponder is a computer program that automatically answers e-mail sent to it. They can be very simple or quite complex.
The first autoresponders were created within mail transfer agents that found they could not deliver an e-mail to a given address. These create bounce messages such as "your e-mail could not be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liana | A liana is a long-stemmed, woody vine that is rooted in the soil at ground level and uses trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy in search of direct sunlight. The word liana does not refer to a taxonomic grouping, but rather a habit of plant growth – much like tree or shrub. It com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioship | A bioship is a type of spacecraft or starship described in science fiction as either predominantly or totally composed of biological components, rather than being constructed from manufactured materials. Because of this, they nearly always have a distinctively organic look.
Bioships are usually quite powerful, and can... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Magic%20Words%20are%20Squeamish%20Ossifrage | "The Magic Words are Squeamish Ossifrage" was the solution to a challenge ciphertext posed by the inventors of the RSA cipher in 1977. The problem appeared in Martin Gardner's Mathematical Games column in the August 1977 issue of Scientific American. It was solved in 1993–94 by a large, joint computer project co-ordina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LeJOS | leJOS is a firmware replacement for Lego Mindstorms programmable bricks. Different variants of the software support the original Robotics Invention System, the NXT, and the EV3. It includes a Java virtual machine, which allows Lego Mindstorms robots to be programmed in the Java programming language. It also includes 'i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour%20banding | Colour banding is a subtle form of posterization in digital images, caused by the colour of each pixel being rounded to the nearest of the digital colour levels. While posterization is often done for artistic effect, colour banding is an undesired artifact. In 24-bit colour modes, 8 bits per channel is usually consider... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20identification | The field of system identification uses statistical methods to build mathematical models of dynamical systems from measured data. System identification also includes the optimal design of experiments for efficiently generating informative data for fitting such models as well as model reduction. A common approach is to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Kingdom%20Mathematics%20Trust | The United Kingdom Mathematics Trust (UKMT) is a charity founded in 1996 to help with the education of children in mathematics within the UK.
History
The national mathematics competitions existed prior to the formation of the UKMT, but the foundation of the UKMT in the summer of 1996 enabled them to be run collectivel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatosis | Steatosis, also called fatty change, is abnormal retention of fat (lipids) within a cell or organ. Steatosis most often affects the liver – the primary organ of lipid metabolism – where the condition is commonly referred to as fatty liver disease. Steatosis can also occur in other organs, including the kidneys, heart, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogrammetry | Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant imagery and other phenomena.
The term photogrammetry was coined by the Pruss... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy-Enhanced%20Mail | Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) is a de facto file format for storing and sending cryptographic keys, certificates, and other data, based on a set of 1993 IETF standards defining "privacy-enhanced mail." While the original standards were never broadly adopted and were supplanted by PGP and S/MIME, the textual encoding they... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary%20perfect%20number | A unitary perfect number is an integer which is the sum of its positive proper unitary divisors, not including the number itself (a divisor d of a number n is a unitary divisor if d and n/d share no common factors). Some perfect numbers are not unitary perfect numbers, and some unitary perfect numbers are not ordinary ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danube%E2%80%93Black%20Sea%20Canal | The Danube–Black Sea Canal () is a navigable canal in Romania, which runs from Cernavodă on the Danube river, via two branches, to Constanța and Năvodari on the Black Sea. Administered from Agigea, it is an important part of the waterway link between the North Sea and the Black Sea via the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal. The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunofluorescence | Immunofluorescence is a technique used for light microscopy with a fluorescence microscope and is used primarily on biological samples. This technique uses the specificity of antibodies to their antigen to target fluorescent dyes to specific biomolecule targets within a cell, and therefore allows visualization of the d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatosome | In molecular biology, a chromatosome is a result of histone H1 binding to a nucleosome, which contains a histone octamer and DNA. The chromatosome contains 166 base pairs of DNA. 146 base pairs are from the DNA wrapped around the histone core of the nucleosome. The remaining 20 base pairs are from the DNA of histone H1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poling%20%28metallurgy%29 | A metallurgical method employed in the purification of copper which contains copper oxide as an impurity and also in the purification of tin which contains tin oxide (stannic oxide or "SnO2") as an impurity. The impure metal, usually in the form of molten blister copper, is placed in an anode furnace for two stages of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20octamer | In molecular biology, a histone octamer is the eight-protein complex found at the center of a nucleosome core particle. It consists of two copies of each of the four core histone proteins (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4). The octamer assembles when a tetramer, containing two copies of H3 and two of H4, complexes with two H2A/H2B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone%20fold | A histone fold is a structurally conserved motif found near the C-terminus in every core histone sequence in a histone octamer responsible for the binding of histones into heterodimers.
The histone fold averages about 70 amino acids and consists of three alpha helices connected by two short, unstructured loops. When n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertext%20fiction | Hypertext fiction is a genre of electronic literature, characterized by the use of hypertext links that provide a new context for non-linearity in literature and reader interaction. The reader typically chooses links to move from one node of text to the next, and in this fashion arranges a story from a deeper pool of p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsequential%20limit | In mathematics, a subsequential limit of a sequence is the limit of some subsequence. Every subsequential limit is a cluster point, but not conversely. In first-countable spaces, the two concepts coincide.
In a topological space, if every subsequence has a subsequential limit to the same point, then the original seque... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%20band | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Ka band}}
The Ka band (pronounced as either "kay-ay band" or "ka band") is a portion of the microwave part of the electromagnetic spectrum defined as frequencies in the range 26.5–40 gigahertz (GHz), i.e. wavelengths from slightly over one centimeter down to 7.5 millimeters. The band is called Ka, shor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%20band | The L band is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) designation for the range of frequencies in the radio spectrum from 1 to 2 gigahertz (GHz). This is at the top end of the ultra high frequency (UHF) band, at the lower end of the microwave range.
Applications
Mobile service
In Europe, the Ele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%20band | The S band is a designation by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) for a part of the microwave band of the electromagnetic spectrum covering frequencies from 2 to 4 gigahertz (GHz). Thus it crosses the conventional boundary between the UHF and SHF bands at 3.0 GHz. The S band is used by airport... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal%20system | In control theory, a causal system (also known as a physical or nonanticipative system) is a system where the output depends on past and
current inputs but not future inputs—i.e., the output depends only on the input for values of .
The idea that the output of a function at any time depends only on past and present ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonholonomic%20system | A nonholonomic system in physics and mathematics is a physical system whose state depends on the path taken in order to achieve it. Such a system is described by a set of parameters subject to differential constraints and non-linear constraints, such that when the system evolves along a path in its parameter space (the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku%20%28operating%20system%29 | Haiku is a free and open-source operating system capable of running applications written for the now-discontinued BeOS, which it is modeled after. Its development began in 2001, and the operating system became self-hosting in 2008. The first alpha release was made in September 2009, and the last alpha was released on N... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20mirror | A current mirror is a circuit designed to copy a current through one active device by controlling the current in another active device of a circuit, keeping the output current constant regardless of loading. The current being "copied" can be, and sometimes is, a varying signal current. Conceptually, an ideal current mi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblivious%20transfer | In cryptography, an oblivious transfer (OT) protocol is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remains oblivious as to what piece (if any) has been transferred.
The first form of oblivious transfer was introduced in 1981 by Michael O. Rabin. In ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertzian%20cone | A Hertzian cone is the cone produced when an object passes through a solid, such as a bullet through glass. More technically, it is a cone of force that propagates through a brittle, amorphous, or cryptocrystalline solid material from a point of impact. This force eventually removes a full or partial cone in the materi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-blocking%20algorithm | In computer science, an algorithm is called non-blocking if failure or suspension of any thread cannot cause failure or suspension of another thread; for some operations, these algorithms provide a useful alternative to traditional blocking implementations. A non-blocking algorithm is lock-free if there is guaranteed ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapten | Haptens (derived from the Greek haptein, meaning “to fasten”) are small molecules that elicit an immune response only when attached to a large carrier such as a protein; the carrier may be one that also does not elicit an immune response by itself. The mechanisms of absence of immune response may vary and involve compl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20current | In electromagnetism, displacement current density is the quantity appearing in Maxwell's equations that is defined in terms of the rate of change of , the electric displacement field. Displacement current density has the same units as electric current density, and it is a source of the magnetic field just as actual cu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20%28cryptography%29 | Magic was an Allied cryptanalysis project during World War II. It involved the United States Army's Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) and the United States Navy's Communication Special Unit.
Codebreaking
Magic was set up to combine the US government's cryptologic capabilities in one organization dubbed the Research B... |
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