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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20permutation | A random permutation is a random ordering of a set of objects, that is, a permutation-valued random variable. The use of random permutations is often fundamental to fields that use randomized algorithms such as coding theory, cryptography, and simulation. A good example of a random permutation is the shuffling of a d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire-control%20system | A fire-control system (FCS) is a number of components working together, usually a gun data computer, a director and radar, which is designed to assist a ranged weapon system to target, track, and hit a target. It performs the same task as a human gunner firing a weapon, but attempts to do so faster and more accurately.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pappus%27s%20hexagon%20theorem | In mathematics, Pappus's hexagon theorem (attributed to Pappus of Alexandria) states that
given one set of collinear points and another set of collinear points then the intersection points of line pairs and and and are collinear, lying on the Pappus line. These three points are the points of intersection of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular%20pH | Intracellular pH (pHi) is the measure of the acidity or basicity (i.e., pH) of intracellular fluid. The pHi plays a critical role in membrane transport and other intracellular processes. In an environment with the improper pHi, biological cells may have compromised function. Therefore, pHi is closely regulated in order... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20inconsistency | In economics, dynamic inconsistency or time inconsistency is a situation in which a decision-maker's preferences change over time in such a way that a preference can become inconsistent at another point in time. This can be thought of as there being many different "selves" within decision makers, with each "self" repre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMG%20LASSO | AMG LASSO is a media recognition service launched by the All Media Guide in 2004. The LASSO service automatically recognizes CDs, DVDs, and digital audio files in formats such as MP3, WMA, and others. The service uses CD table of contents (ToC), DVD ToC, and acoustic fingerprint based recognition to recognize media. LA... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-M%C3%BCllerian%20hormone | Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, whose key roles are in growth differentiation and folliculogenesis. In humans, it is encoded by the gene, on chromo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular%20cortex | The insular cortex (also insula and insular lobe) is a portion of the cerebral cortex folded deep within the lateral sulcus (the fissure separating the temporal lobe from the parietal and frontal lobes) within each hemisphere of the mammalian brain.
The insulae are believed to be involved in consciousness and play a r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20length%20sequence | A maximum length sequence (MLS) is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence.
They are bit sequences generated using maximal linear-feedback shift registers and are so called because they are periodic and reproduce every binary sequence (except the zero vector) that can be represented by the shift registers (i.e., for le... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homebrew%20%28video%20games%29 | Homebrew, when applied to video games, refers to games produced by hobbyists for proprietary video game consoles which are not intended to be user-programmable. The official documentation is often only available to licensed developers, and these systems may use storage formats that make distribution difficult, such as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intrinsic%20equation | In geometry, an intrinsic equation of a curve is an equation that defines the curve using a relation between the curve's intrinsic properties, that is, properties that do not depend on the location and possibly the orientation of the curve. Therefore an intrinsic equation defines the shape of the curve without specifyi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Unified%20Modeling%20Language%20tools | This article compares UML tools. UML tools are software applications which support some functions of the Unified Modeling Language.
General
Features
See also
List of requirements engineering tools
References
External links
.
Technical communication
Software comparisons
Diagramming software
Computing-relat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multistorey%20car%20park | A multistorey car park (British and Singapore English) or parking garage (American English), also called a multistory, parking building, parking structure, parkade (mainly Canadian), parking ramp, parking deck or indoor parking, is a building designed for car, motorcycle and bicycle parking and where there are a num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peercasting | Peercasting is a method of multicasting streams, usually audio and/or video, to the Internet via peer-to-peer technology. It can be used for commercial, independent, and amateur multicasts. Unlike traditional IP multicast, peercasting can facilitate on-demand content delivery.
Operation
Peercasting usually works by ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flue-gas%20desulfurization | Flue-gas desulfurization (FGD) is a set of technologies used to remove sulfur dioxide () from exhaust flue gases of fossil-fuel power plants, and from the emissions of other sulfur oxide emitting processes such as waste incineration, petroleum refineries, cement and lime kilns.
Methods
Since stringent environmental re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprekar%27s%20routine | In number theory, Kaprekar's routine is an iterative algorithm named after its inventor, Indian mathematician D. R. Kaprekar. Each iteration starts with a number, sorts the digits into descending and ascending order, and calculates the difference between the two new numbers.
As an example, starting with the number 899... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email%20authentication | Email authentication, or validation, is a collection of techniques aimed at providing verifiable information about the origin of email messages by validating the domain ownership of any message transfer agents (MTA) who participated in transferring and possibly modifying a message.
The original base of Internet email,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Neptune |
Neptune was the codename for a version of Microsoft Windows under development in 1999. Based on Windows 2000, it was originally to replace the Windows 9x series and was scheduled to be the first home consumer-oriented version of Windows built on Windows NT code. Internally, the project's name was capitalized as NepTun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformable%20matrix | In mathematics, a matrix is conformable if its dimensions are suitable for defining some operation (e.g. addition, multiplication, etc.).
Examples
If two matrices have the same dimensions (number of rows and number of columns), they are conformable for addition.
Multiplication of two matrices is defined if and only ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Character%20Code%20for%20Information%20Interchange | The Chinese Character Code for Information Interchange () or CCCII is a character set developed by the Chinese Character Analysis Group in Taiwan. It was first published in 1980, and significantly expanded in 1982 and 1987.
It is used mostly by library systems. It is one of the earliest established and most sophistica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20URI%20scheme | The data URI scheme is a uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme that provides a way to include data in-line in Web pages as if they were external resources. It is a form of file literal or here document. This technique allows normally separate elements such as images and style sheets to be fetched in a single Hypert... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interix | Interix was an optional, POSIX-conformant Unix subsystem for Windows NT operating systems. Interix was a component of Windows Services for UNIX, and a superset of the Microsoft POSIX subsystem. Like the POSIX subsystem, Interix was an environment subsystem for the NT kernel. It included numerous open source utility sof... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20in%20the%20last%20place | In computer science and numerical analysis, unit in the last place or unit of least precision (ulp) is the spacing between two consecutive floating-point numbers, i.e., the value the least significant digit (rightmost digit) represents if it is 1. It is used as a measure of accuracy in numeric calculations.
Definition... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Bosack | Leonard X. Bosack (born 1952) is a co-founder of Cisco Systems, an American-based multinational corporation that designs and sells consumer electronics, networking and communications technology, and services. His net worth is approximately $200 million. He was awarded the Computer Entrepreneur Award in 2009 for co-fou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%B4%20calculus | Itô calculus, named after Kiyosi Itô, extends the methods of calculus to stochastic processes such as Brownian motion (see Wiener process). It has important applications in mathematical finance and stochastic differential equations.
The central concept is the Itô stochastic integral, a stochastic generalization of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramsey%20problem | The Ramsey problem, or Ramsey pricing, or Ramsey–Boiteux pricing, is a second-best policy problem concerning what prices a public monopoly should charge for the various products it sells in order to maximize social welfare (the sum of producer and consumer surplus) while earning enough revenue to cover its fixed costs.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blitzen%20%28computer%29 | The Blitzen was a miniaturized SIMD (single instruction, multiple data) computer system designed for NASA in the late 1980s by a team of researchers at Duke University, North Carolina State University and the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina. The Blitzen was composed of a control unit and a set of simple proce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20enzymes | Enzymes are listed here by their classification in the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology's Enzyme Commission (EC) numbering system:
:Category:Oxidoreductases (EC 1) (Oxidoreductase)
Dehydrogenase
Luciferase
DMSO reductase
:Category:EC 1.1 (act on the CH-OH group of donors)
:Category:EC 1.1.1 (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPLG | WPLG (channel 10) is a television station in Miami, Florida, United States, affiliated with ABC. The station is owned by Berkshire Hathaway as its sole broadcast property. WPLG's studios are located on West Hallandale Beach Boulevard in Pembroke Park, and its transmitter is located in Miami Gardens, Florida.
WPLG sign... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection-slice%20theorem | In mathematics, the projection-slice theorem, central slice theorem or Fourier slice theorem in two dimensions states that the results of the following two calculations are equal:
Take a two-dimensional function f(r), project (e.g. using the Radon transform) it onto a (one-dimensional) line, and do a Fourier transform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%20transform | In mathematics, the Abel transform, named for Niels Henrik Abel, is an integral transform often used in the analysis of spherically symmetric or axially symmetric functions. The Abel transform of a function f(r) is given by
Assuming that f(r) drops to zero more quickly than 1/r, the inverse Abel transform is given ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagram%20Transport%20Layer%20Security | Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) is a communications protocol providing security to datagram-based applications by allowing them to communicate in a way designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery. The DTLS protocol is based on the stream-oriented Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%20Definition%20Format | Channel Definition Format (CDF) was an XML file format formerly used in conjunction with Microsoft's Active Channel, Active Desktop and Smart Offline Favorites technologies. The format was designed to "offer frequently updated collections of information, or channels, from any web server for automatic delivery to compat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyadic%20transformation | The dyadic transformation (also known as the dyadic map, bit shift map, 2x mod 1 map, Bernoulli map, doubling map or sawtooth map) is the mapping (i.e., recurrence relation)
(where is the set of sequences from ) produced by the rule
.
Equivalently, the dyadic transformation can also be defined as the iterat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20DOS%20machine | Virtual DOS machines (VDM) refer to a technology that allows running 16-bit/32-bit DOS and 16-bit Windows programs when there is already another operating system running and controlling the hardware.
Overview
Virtual DOS machines can operate either exclusively through typical software emulation methods (e.g. dynamic r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20fault | On the x86 architecture, a double fault exception occurs if the processor encounters a problem while trying to service a pending interrupt or exception. An example situation when a double fault would occur is when an interrupt is triggered but the segment in which the interrupt handler resides is invalid. If the proces... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor-mediated%20endocytosis | Receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME), also called clathrin-mediated endocytosis, is a process by which cells absorb metabolites, hormones, proteins – and in some cases viruses – by the inward budding of the plasma membrane (invagination). This process forms vesicles containing the absorbed substances and is strictly med... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacon%27s%20cipher | Bacon's cipher or the Baconian cipher is a method of steganographic message encoding devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. A message is concealed in the presentation of text, rather than its content. Bacon cipher is categorized as both a substitution cipher (in plain code) and a concealment cipher (using the two typefaces)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex-chromosome%20dosage%20compensation | Dosage compensation is the process by which organisms equalize the expression of genes between members of different biological sexes. Across species, different sexes are often characterized by different types and numbers of sex chromosomes. In order to neutralize the large difference in gene dosage produced by differin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-inactivation | X-inactivation (also called Lyonization, after English geneticist Mary Lyon) is a process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals. The inactive X chromosome is silenced by being packaged into a transcriptionally inactive structure called heterochromatin. As nearly all fem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamic%20generator | A magnetohydrodynamic generator (MHD generator) is a magnetohydrodynamic converter that transforms thermal energy and kinetic energy directly into electricity. An MHD generator, like a conventional generator, relies on moving a conductor through a magnetic field to generate electric current. The MHD generator uses hot ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal%20yield | In formal language theory, the terminal yield (or fringe) of a tree is the sequence of leaves encountered in an ordered walk of the tree.
Parse trees and/or derivation trees are encountered in the study of phrase structure grammars such as context-free grammars or linear grammars. The leaves of a derivation tree for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20boundedness | In mathematics, a function is locally bounded if it is bounded around every point. A family of functions is locally bounded if for any point in their domain all the functions are bounded around that point and by the same number.
Locally bounded function
A real-valued or complex-valued function defined on some topolo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk%20management%20plan | A risk management plan is a document that a project manager prepares to foresee risks, estimate impacts, and define responses to risks. It also contains a risk assessment matrix. According to the Project Management Institute, a risk management plan is a "component of the project,
program, or portfolio management plan t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chebyshev%20distance | In mathematics, Chebyshev distance (or Tchebychev distance), maximum metric, or L∞ metric is a metric defined on a vector space where the distance between two vectors is the greatest of their differences along any coordinate dimension. It is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev.
It is also known as chessboard distance, since... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20target | A biological target is anything within a living organism to which some other entity (like an endogenous ligand or a drug) is directed and/or binds, resulting in a change in its behavior or function. Examples of common classes of biological targets are proteins and nucleic acids. The definition is context-dependent, and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20file%20archivers | The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of file archivers. Please see the individual products' articles for further information. They are neither all-inclusive nor are some entries necessarily up to date. Unless otherwise specified in the footnotes section, comparisons are based on t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creed%20%26%20Company | Creed & Company was a British telecommunications company founded by Frederick George Creed which was an important pioneer in the field of teleprinter machines. It was merged into the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT) in 1928.
History
The company was founded by Frederick George Creed and Danish te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf%20Kussmaul | Adolph Kußmaul (; 22 February 1822 – 28 May 1902) was a German physician and a leading clinician of his time. He was born as the son and grandson of physicians at Graben near Karlsruhe and studied at Heidelberg. He entered the army after graduation and spent two years as an army surgeon. This was followed by a period a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20flight%20instrument%20system | In aviation, an electronic flight instrument system (EFIS) is a flight instrument display system in an aircraft cockpit that displays flight data electronically rather than electromechanically. An EFIS normally consists of a primary flight display (PFD), multi-function display (MFD), and an engine indicating and crew a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic%20architecture | Genetic architecture is the underlying genetic basis of a phenotypic trait and its variational properties. Phenotypic variation for quantitative traits is, at the most basic level, the result of the segregation of alleles at quantitative trait loci (QTL). Environmental factors and other external influences can also pla... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiotropy | Pleiotropy (from Greek , 'more', and , 'way') occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Such a gene that exhibits multiple phenotypic expression is called a pleiotropic gene. Mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously, due to the gene co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ShaBLAMM%21%20NiTro-VLB | The ShaBLAMM! NiTro-VLB was a computer system that used a QED R4600 microprocessor implemented on a VESA Local Bus peripheral card and designed to function when connected to a host computer system using an Intel i486. The NiTro-VLB conformed to the ARC standard, and was produced and marketed by ShaBLAMM! Computer as a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical%20weather%20prediction | Numerical weather prediction (NWP) uses mathematical models of the atmosphere and oceans to predict the weather based on current weather conditions. Though first attempted in the 1920s, it was not until the advent of computer simulation in the 1950s that numerical weather predictions produced realistic results. A num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid%20computer | Hybrid computers are computers that exhibit features of analog computers and digital computers. The digital component normally serves as the controller and provides logical and numerical operations, while the analog component often serves as a solver of differential equations and other mathematically complex problems.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated%20planning%20and%20scheduling | Automated planning and scheduling, sometimes denoted as simply AI planning, is a branch of artificial intelligence that concerns the realization of strategies or action sequences, typically for execution by intelligent agents, autonomous robots and unmanned vehicles. Unlike classical control and classification problems... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphosilicate%20glass | Phosphosilicate glass, commonly referred to by the acronym PSG, is a silicate glass commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedingly higher metal or conducting layers, due to its effect in gettering alkali ions. Another common type of phos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borophosphosilicate%20glass | Borophosphosilicate glass, commonly known as BPSG, is a type of silicate glass that includes additives of both boron and phosphorus. Silicate glasses such as PSG and borophosphosilicate glass are commonly used in semiconductor device fabrication for intermetal layers, i.e., insulating layers deposited between succeedi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coliform%20bacteria | Coliform bacteria are defined as either motile or non-motile Gram-negative non-spore forming Bacilli that possess β-galactosidase to produce acids and gases under their optimal growth temperature of 35-37 °C. They can be aerobes or facultative aerobes, and are a commonly used indicator of low sanitary quality of foods... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline%20of%20electrical%20engineering | The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to electrical engineering.
Electrical engineering – field of engineering that generally deals with the study and application of electricity, electronics and electromagnetism. The field first became an identifiable occupation in the late nineteenth c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetoreception | Magnetoreception is a sense which allows an organism to detect the Earth's magnetic field. Animals with this sense include some arthropods, molluscs, and vertebrates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals). The sense is mainly used for orientation and navigation, but it may help some animals to form regional... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encrypted%20key%20exchange | Encrypted Key Exchange (also known as EKE) is a family of password-authenticated key agreement methods described by Steven M. Bellovin and Michael Merritt. Although several of the forms of EKE in this paper were later found to be flawed , the surviving, refined, and enhanced forms of EKE effectively make this the first... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shion%20Uzuki | is the main protagonist of the Xenosaga trilogy for the PlayStation 2. In addition, she was in the mobile game Pied Piper, Xenosaga I & II, Xenosaga Freaks, as well as the anime Xenosaga: The Animation.
Character design
Shion Uzuki is the main character of the three episodes of Xenosaga, which have been referred to as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Liskov | Barbara Liskov (born November 7, 1939 as Barbara Jane Huberman) is an American computer scientist who has made pioneering contributions to programming languages and distributed computing. Her notable work includes the introduction of abstract data types and the accompanying principle of data abstraction, along with the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darcy%20%28unit%29 | The darcy (or darcy unit) and millidarcy (md or mD) are units of permeability, named after Henry Darcy. They are not SI units, but they are widely used in petroleum engineering and geology. The unit has also been used in biophysics and biomechanics, where the flow of fluids such as blood through capillary beds and cere... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20and%20recapture | Mark and recapture is a method commonly used in ecology to estimate an animal population's size where it is impractical to count every individual. A portion of the population is captured, marked, and released. Later, another portion will be captured and the number of marked individuals within the sample is counted. Sin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNS%20spoofing | DNS spoofing, also referred to as DNS cache poisoning, is a form of computer security hacking in which corrupt Domain Name System data is introduced into the DNS resolver's cache, causing the name server to return an incorrect result record, e.g. an IP address. This results in traffic being diverted to any computer tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private%20Communications%20Technology | Private Communications Technology (PCT) 1.0 was a protocol developed by Microsoft in the mid-1990s. PCT was designed to address security flaws in version 2.0 of Netscape's Secure Sockets Layer protocol and to force Netscape to hand control of the then-proprietary SSL protocol to an open standards body.
PCT has since b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push-button | A push-button (also spelled pushbutton) or simply button is a simple switch mechanism to control some aspect of a machine or a process. Buttons are typically made out of hard material, usually plastic or metal. The surface is usually flat or shaped to accommodate the human finger or hand, so as to be easily depressed o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coplanarity | In geometry, a set of points in space are coplanar if there exists a geometric plane that contains them all. For example, three points are always coplanar, and if the points are distinct and non-collinear, the plane they determine is unique. However, a set of four or more distinct points will, in general, not lie in a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmically%20concave%20function | In convex analysis, a non-negative function is logarithmically concave (or log-concave for short) if its domain is a convex set, and if it satisfies the inequality
for all and . If is strictly positive, this is equivalent to saying that the logarithm of the function, , is concave; that is,
for all and .
Exampl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20projection | The vector projection (also known as the vector component or vector resolution) of a vector on (or onto) a nonzero vector is the orthogonal projection of onto a straight line parallel to .
The projection of onto is often written as or .
The vector component or vector resolute of perpendicular to , sometimes al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20Guide | Macintosh Guide, also referred to as Apple Guide, was Apple Computer's online help and documentation system, added to the classic Mac OS in System 7.5 and intended to work alongside Balloon Help. In addition to hypertext, indexing and searching of the text, Macintosh Guide also offered a system for teaching users how t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansei%20engineering | Kansei engineering (Japanese: 感性工学 kansei kougaku, emotional or affective engineering) aims at the development or improvement of products and services by translating the customer's psychological feelings and needs into the domain of product design (i.e. parameters). It was founded by Mitsuo Nagamachi, Professor Emeritu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohort%20%28statistics%29 | In statistics, epidemiology, marketing and demography, a cohort is a group of subjects who share a defining characteristic (typically subjects who experienced a common event in a selected time period, such as birth or graduation).
Cohort data can oftentimes be more advantageous to demographers than period data. Becau... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll%20center | The roll center of a vehicle is the notional point at which the cornering forces in the suspension are reacted to the vehicle body.
There are two definitions of roll center. The most commonly used is the geometric (or kinematic) roll center, whereas the Society of Automotive Engineers uses a force-based definition.
D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian%20search%20theory | Bayesian search theory is the application of Bayesian statistics to the search for lost objects. It has been used several times to find lost sea vessels, for example USS Scorpion, and has played a key role in the recovery of the flight recorders in the Air France Flight 447 disaster of 2009. It has also been used in th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetting%20layer | A wetting layer is an monolayer of atoms that is epitaxially grown on a flat surface. The atoms forming the wetting layer can be semimetallic elements/compounds or metallic alloys (for thin films). Wetting layers form when depositing a lattice-mismatched material on a crystalline substrate. This article refers to the w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April%20O%27Neil | April O'Neil is a fictional character from the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comics. She is the first human ally of the Ninja Turtles.
April made her first appearance in the Mirage comic series in 1984 as a computer programmer. She was later portrayed as a strong-willed news reporter in the Turtles' first animated seri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wald%27s%20equation | In probability theory, Wald's equation, Wald's identity or Wald's lemma is an important identity that simplifies the calculation of the expected value of the sum of a random number of random quantities. In its simplest form, it relates the expectation of a sum of randomly many finite-mean, independent and identically d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20constant | The prime constant is the real number whose th binary digit is 1 if is prime and 0 if is composite or 1.
In other words, is the number whose binary expansion corresponds to the indicator function of the set of prime numbers. That is,
where indicates a prime and is the characteristic function of the set of pri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germplasm | Germplasm are genetic resources such as seeds, tissues, and DNA sequences that are maintained for the purpose of animal and plant breeding, conservation efforts, agriculture, and other research uses. These resources may take the form of seed collections stored in seed banks, trees growing in nurseries, animal breeding ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fin%20field-effect%20transistor | A fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) is a multigate device, a MOSFET (metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor) built on a substrate where the gate is placed on two, three, or four sides of the channel or wrapped around the channel, forming a double or even multi gate structure. These devices have been given... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HardBall%21 | HardBall! is a baseball video game published by Accolade. Initially released for the Commodore 64 in 1985, it was ported to other computers over the next several years. A Sega Genesis cartridge was published in 1991. HardBall! was followed by sequels HardBall II, HardBall III, HardBall IV, HardBall 5, and HardBall 6.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibboleth%20%28software%29 | Shibboleth is a single sign-on log-in system for computer networks and the Internet. It allows people to sign in using just one identity to various systems run by federations of different organizations or institutions. The federations are often universities or public service organizations.
The Shibboleth Internet2 mid... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Naturalist%20in%20Indian%20Seas | A Naturalist in Indian Seas, or, Four Years with the Royal Indian Marine Survey Ship Investigator is a 1902 publication by Alfred William Alcock, a British naturalist and carcinologist. The book is mostly a narrative describing the Investigator's journey through areas of the Indian Ocean, such as the Laccadive Sea, the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmert%E2%80%93Wolf%20blocking | The Helmert–Wolf blocking (HWB) is a least squares solution method for the solution of a sparse block system of linear equations. It was first reported by F. R. Helmert for use in geodesy problems in 1880; (1910–1994) published his direct semianalytic solution in 1978.
It is based on ordinary Gaussian elimination in m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20Kalman%20filter | The fast Kalman filter (FKF), devised by Antti Lange (born 1941), is an extension of the Helmert–Wolf blocking (HWB) method from geodesy to safety-critical real-time applications of Kalman filtering (KF) such as GNSS navigation up to the centimeter-level of accuracy and
satellite imaging of the Earth including atmosp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiuser%20DOS | Multiuser DOS is a real-time multi-user multi-tasking operating system for IBM PC-compatible microcomputers.
An evolution of the older Concurrent CP/M-86, Concurrent DOS and Concurrent DOS 386 operating systems, it was originally developed by Digital Research and acquired and further developed by Novell in 1991. Its a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20referencing | Linear referencing, also called linear reference system or linear referencing system (LRS), is a method of spatial referencing in engineering and construction, in which the locations of physical features along a linear element are described in terms of measurements from a fixed point, such as a milestone along a road. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SILC%20%28protocol%29 | SILC (Secure Internet Live Conferencing protocol) is a protocol that provides secure synchronous conferencing services (very much like IRC) over the Internet.
Components
The SILC protocol can be divided in three main parts: SILC Key Exchange (SKE) protocol, SILC Authentication protocol and SILC Packet protocol. SIL... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premature%20convergence | In evolutionary algorithms (EA), the term of premature convergence means that a population for an optimization problem converged too early, resulting in being suboptimal. In this context, the parental solutions, through the aid of genetic operators, are not able to generate offspring that are superior to, or outperform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary%20function | In mathematics, a unary function is a function that takes one argument. A unary operator belongs to a subset of unary functions, in that its range coincides with its domain. In contrast, a unary function's domain may or may not coincide with its range.
Examples
The successor function, denoted , is a unary operator. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Load-balanced%20switch | A load-balanced switch is a switch architecture which guarantees 100% throughput with no central arbitration at all, at the cost of sending each packet across the crossbar twice. Load-balanced switches are a subject of research for large routers scaled past the point of practical central arbitration.
Introduction
Int... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20command%20shells | A command shell is a command-line interface to interact with and manipulate a computer's operating system.
General characteristics
Interactive features
Background execution
Background execution allows a shell to run a command without user interaction in the terminal, freeing the command line for additional work wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20butyrate | Methyl butyrate, also known under the systematic name methyl butanoate, is the methyl ester of butyric acid. Like most esters, it has a fruity odor, in this case resembling apples or pineapples. At room temperature, it is a colorless liquid with low solubility in water, upon which it floats to form an oily layer. Altho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokes%20parameters | The Stokes parameters are a set of values that describe the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation. They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1852,<ref>S. Chandrasekhar 'Radiative Transfer, Dover Publications, New York, 1960, , page 25</ref> as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common des... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satellite%20navigation | A satellite navigation or satnav system is a system that uses satellites to provide autonomous geopositioning. A satellite navigation system with global coverage is termed global navigation satellite system (GNSS). , four global systems are operational: the United States’s Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's Glob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudiometer | A eudiometer is a laboratory device that measures the change in volume of a gas mixture following a physical or chemical change.
Description
Depending on the reaction being measured, the device can take a variety of forms. In general, it is similar to a graduated cylinder, and is most commonly found in two sizes: 50... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20engineering | Food engineering is a scientific, academic, and professional field that interprets and applies principles of engineering, science, and mathematics to food manufacturing and operations, including the processing, production, handling, storage, conservation, control, packaging and distribution of food products. Given its ... |
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