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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence%20partitioning
Equivalence partitioning or equivalence class partitioning (ECP) is a software testing technique that divides the input data of a software unit into partitions of equivalent data from which test cases can be derived. In principle, test cases are designed to cover each partition at least once. This technique tries to de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary-value%20analysis
Boundary-value analysis is a software testing technique in which tests are designed to include representatives of boundary values in a range. The idea comes from the boundary. Given that we have a set of test vectors to test the system, a topology can be defined on that set. Those inputs which belong to the same equiva...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indentation%20hardness
Indentation hardness tests are used in mechanical engineering to determine the hardness of a material to deformation. Several such tests exist, wherein the examined material is indented until an impression is formed; these tests can be performed on a macroscopic or microscopic scale. When testing metals, indentation h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interference%20fit
An interference fit, also known as a pressed fit or friction fit, is a form of fastening between two tightfitting mating parts that produces a joint which is held together by friction after the parts are pushed together. Depending on the amount of interference, parts may be joined using a tap from a hammer or forced...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzing
In programming and software development, fuzzing or fuzz testing is an automated software testing technique that involves providing invalid, unexpected, or random data as inputs to a computer program. The program is then monitored for exceptions such as crashes, failing built-in code assertions, or potential memory lea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaakko%20Hintikka
Kaarlo Jaakko Juhani Hintikka (12 January 1929 – 12 August 2015) was a Finnish philosopher and logician. Hintikka is regarded as the founder of formal epistemic logic and of game semantics for logic. Life and career Hintikka was born in Helsingin maalaiskunta (now Vantaa). In 1953, he received his doctorate from the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic%20heating
Aerodynamic heating is the heating of a solid body produced by its high-speed passage through air. In science and engineering, an understanding of aerodynamic heating is necessary for predicting the behaviour of meteoroids which enter the earth's atmosphere, to ensure spacecraft safely survive atmospheric reentry, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristan%20Louis
Tristan Louis (born February 28, 1971) is a French-born American author, entrepreneur and internet activist. Early work Louis was born in Digne-les-Bains, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence. In 1994 and 1995, as publisher of iWorld, part of the Mecklermedia group of Internet online media companies, he first became involved in on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRC-based%20framing
CRC-based framing is a kind of frame synchronization used in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and other similar protocols. The concept of CRC-based framing was developed by StrataCom, Inc. in order to improve the efficiency of a pre-standard Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) link protocol. This technology was ultimatel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay%20Networks
Bay Networks, Inc., was a network hardware vendor formed through the merger of Santa Clara, California, based SynOptics Communications and Billerica, Massachusetts based Wellfleet Communications on July 6, 1994. SynOptics was an important early innovator of Ethernet products, having developed a pre-standard twisted pai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SynOptics
SynOptics Communications was a Santa Clara, California-based early computer network equipment vendor from 1985 until 1994. SynOptics popularized the concept of the modular Ethernet hub and high-speed Ethernet networking over copper twisted-pair and fiber optic cables. History SynOptics Communications was founded in 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple-effect%20evaporator
In chemical engineering, a multiple-effect evaporator is an apparatus for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. Water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. Because the boiling temperature of water decreases as pressure decreases, the vapor boiled off in on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTX%20%28form%20factor%29
WTX (for Workstation Technology Extended) was a motherboard form factor specification introduced by Intel at the IDF in September 1998, for its use at high-end, multiprocessor, multiple-hard-disk servers and workstations. The specification had support from major OEMs (Compaq, Dell, Fujitsu, Gateway, Hewlett-Packard, IB...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent%20sign
The percent sign (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign (also known as a basis point), which indicate that a number is divided by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mound-building%20termites
Mound-building termites are a group of termite species that live in mounds which are made of a combination of soil, termite saliva and dung. These termites live in Africa, Australia and South America. The mounds sometimes have a diameter of . Most of the mounds are in well-drained areas. Termite mounds usually outlive ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perverse%20sheaf
The mathematical term perverse sheaves refers to a certain abelian category associated to a topological space X, which may be a real or complex manifold, or a more general topologically stratified space, usually singular. This concept was introduced in the thesis of Zoghman Mebkhout, gaining more popularity after the (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a number of concepts employ the word harmonic. The similarity of this terminology to that of music is not accidental: the equations of motion of vibrating strings, drums and columns of air are given by formulas involving Laplacians; the solutions to which are given by eigenvalues corresponding to their ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmel%20AVR%20instruction%20set
The Atmel AVR instruction set is the machine language for the Atmel AVR, a modified Harvard architecture 8-bit RISC single chip microcontroller which was developed by Atmel in 1996. The AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage. Processor registers There are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt%20%28electrical%29
A shunt is a device that is designed to provide a low-resistance path for an electrical current in a circuit. It is typically used to divert current away from a system or component in order to prevent overcurrent. Electrical shunts are commonly used in a variety of applications including power distribution systems, ele...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn%20Online%20Media%20Set%20Top%20Box
The Acorn Online Media Set Top Box was produced by the Online Media division of Acorn Computers Ltd for the Cambridge Cable and Online Media Video on Demand trial and launched early 1996. Part of this trial involved a home-shopping system in partnership with Parcelforce. The hardware was trialled by NatWest bank, as e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn%20Network%20Computer
The Acorn Network Computer was a network computer (a type of thin client) designed and manufactured by Acorn Computers Ltd. It was the implementation of the Network Computer Reference Profile that Oracle Corporation commissioned Acorn to specify for network computers (for more detail on the history, see Acorn's Network...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARDboard%20Illustrative%20Aid%20to%20Computation
CARDIAC (CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation) is a learning aid developed by David Hagelbarger and Saul Fingerman for Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1968 to teach high school students how computers work. The kit consists of an instruction manual and a die-cut cardboard "computer". The computer "operates" by mea...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20of%20specific%20nerve%20energies
The law of specific nerve energies, first proposed by Johannes Peter Müller in 1835, is that the nature of perception is defined by the pathway over which the sensory information is carried. Hence, the origin of the sensation is not important. Therefore, the difference in perception of seeing, hearing, and touch is no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20ecology
Molecular ecology is a field of evolutionary biology that is concerned with applying molecular population genetics, molecular phylogenetics, and more recently genomics to traditional ecological questions (e.g., species diagnosis, conservation and assessment of biodiversity, species-area relationships, and many question...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing%20horizon
In physics, a Killing horizon is a geometrical construct used in general relativity and its generalizations to delineate spacetime boundaries without reference to the dynamic Einstein field equations. Mathematically a Killing horizon is a null hypersurface defined by the vanishing of the norm of a Killing vector field ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iverson%20bracket
In mathematics, the Iverson bracket, named after Kenneth E. Iverson, is a notation that generalises the Kronecker delta, which is the Iverson bracket of the statement . It maps any statement to a function of the free variables in that statement. This function is defined to take the value 1 for the values of the variabl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method%20of%20exhaustion
The method of exhaustion () is a method of finding the area of a shape by inscribing inside it a sequence of polygons whose areas converge to the area of the containing shape. If the sequence is correctly constructed, the difference in area between the nth polygon and the containing shape will become arbitrarily small ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20food%20web
The soil food web is the community of organisms living all or part of their lives in the soil. It describes a complex living system in the soil and how it interacts with the environment, plants, and animals. Food webs describe the transfer of energy between species in an ecosystem. While a food chain examines one, li...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitting
Spitting is the act of forcibly ejecting saliva or other substances from the mouth. The act is often done to get rid of unwanted or foul-tasting substances in the mouth, or to get rid of a large buildup of mucus. Spitting of small saliva droplets can also happen unintentionally during talking, especially when articu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygospore
A zygospore is a diploid reproductive stage in the life cycle of many fungi and protists. Zygospores are created by the nuclear fusion of haploid cells. In fungi, zygospores are formed in zygosporangia after the fusion of specialized budding structures, from mycelia of the same (in homothallic fungi) or different mat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapless%20playback
Gapless playback is the uninterrupted playback of consecutive audio tracks, such that relative time distances in the original audio source are preserved over track boundaries on playback. For this to be useful, other artifacts (than timing-related ones) at track boundaries should not be severed either. Gapless playback...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20ecoregion
A marine ecoregion is an ecoregion, or ecological region, of the oceans and seas identified and defined based on biogeographic characteristics. Introduction A more complete definition describes them as “Areas of relatively homogeneous species composition, clearly distinct from adjacent systems” dominated by “a small n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murashige%20and%20Skoog%20medium
Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) is a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. MS0 was invented by plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog in 1962 during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator. A number behind the letters MS is us...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor%20web
Sensor web is a type of sensor network that heavily utilizes the World Wide Web and is especially suited for environmental monitoring. OGC's Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework defines a suite of web service interfaces and communication protocols abstracting from the heterogeneity of sensor (network) communication. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unipotent
In mathematics, a unipotent element r of a ring R is one such that r − 1 is a nilpotent element; in other words, (r − 1)n is zero for some n. In particular, a square matrix M is a unipotent matrix if and only if its characteristic polynomial P(t) is a power of t − 1. Thus all the eigenvalues of a unipotent matrix are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX%20System%20III
UNIX System III (or System 3) is a discontinued version of the Unix operating system released by AT&T's Unix Support Group (USG). AT&T announced System III in late 1981, and it was first released outside of Bell Labs in 1982. UNIX System III was a mix of various AT&T Unix systems: Version 7 Unix, PWB/UNIX 2.0, CB UNIX...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stability%20criterion
In control theory, and especially stability theory, a stability criterion establishes when a system is stable. A number of stability criteria are in common use: Circle criterion Jury stability criterion Liénard–Chipart criterion Nyquist stability criterion Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion Vakhitov–Kolokolov stabilit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu%20function
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation where are real-valued parameters. Since we may add to to change the sign of , it is a usual convention to set . They were first introduced by Émile Léonard Mathieu, who encountered them w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doron%20Zeilberger
Doron Zeilberger (דורון ציילברגר, born 2 July 1950) is an Israeli mathematician, known for his work in combinatorics. Education and career He received his doctorate from the Weizmann Institute of Science in 1976, under the direction of Harry Dym, with the thesis "New Approaches and Results in the Theory of Discrete An...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliability%20engineering
Reliability engineering is a sub-discipline of systems engineering that emphasizes the ability of equipment to function without failure. Reliability describes the ability of a system or component to function under stated conditions for a specified period of time. Reliability is closely related to availability, which is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%20problem
A Cauchy problem in mathematics asks for the solution of a partial differential equation that satisfies certain conditions that are given on a hypersurface in the domain. A Cauchy problem can be an initial value problem or a boundary value problem (for this case see also Cauchy boundary condition). It is named after Au...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20distribution
In symmetric key cryptography, both parties must possess a secret key which they must exchange prior to using any encryption. Distribution of secret keys has been problematic until recently, because it involved face-to-face meeting, use of a trusted courier, or sending the key through an existing encryption channel. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipcrime%20%28Usenet%29
HipCrime was both to the screenname of a Usenet user and a software application distributed by, and presumably written by, this individual or group. The name derives from a neologism in the John Brunner science fiction novel Stand on Zanzibar. HipCrime's Newsagent HipCrime's Newsagent software is a free and open-sour...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radura
The Radura is the international symbol indicating a food product has been irradiated. The Radura is usually green and resembles a plant in circle. The top half of the circle is dashed. Graphical details and colours vary between countries. Meaning of the word "Radura" The word "Radura" is derived from radurization, i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churn%20drill
The churn drill is a large drilling machine that bores large diameter holes in the ground. In mining, they were used to drill into the soft carbonate rocks of lead and zinc hosted regions to extract bulk samples of the ore. Churn drills are also called percussion drills, as they function by lifting and dropping a heavy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telop
A TELOP (TELevision OPtical Slide Projector) was the trademark name of a multifunction, four-channel "project-all" slide projector developed by the Gray Research & Development Company for television usage, introduced in 1949. It was best remembered in the industry as an opaque slide projector for title cards. Before...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20contemporary%20Iranian%20scientists%2C%20scholars%2C%20and%20engineers
The following is a list of notable Iranian scholars, scientists and engineers around the world from the contemporary period. For pre-modern era, see List of pre-modern Iranian scientists and scholars. For mathematicians, see List of Iranian mathematicians. A Behnaam Aazhang, professor boob, Rice University Akbar Adi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode%20printer
A barcode printer is a computer peripheral for printing barcode labels or tags that can be attached to, or printed directly on, physical objects. Barcode printers are commonly used to label cartons before shipment, or to label retail items with UPCs or EANs. The most common barcode printers employ one of two different...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intergenic%20region
An intergenic region is a stretch of DNA sequences located between genes. Intergenic regions may contain functional elements and junk DNA. Properties and functions Intergenic regions may contain a number of functional DNA sequences such as promoters and regulatory elements, enhancers, spacers, and (in eukaryotes) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20encapsulation
In computer programming, field encapsulation involves providing methods that can be used to read from or write to the field rather than accessing the field directly. Sometimes these accessor methods are called getX and setX (where X is the field's name), which are also known as mutator methods. Usually the accessor met...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chopper%20%28electronics%29
In electronics, a chopper circuit is any of numerous types of electronic switching devices and circuits used in power control and signal applications. A chopper is a device that converts fixed DC input to a variable DC output voltage directly. Essentially, a chopper is an electronic switch that is used to interrupt on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20diffeomorphism
In mathematics, more specifically differential topology, a local diffeomorphism is intuitively a map between Smooth manifolds that preserves the local differentiable structure. The formal definition of a local diffeomorphism is given below. Formal definition Let and be differentiable manifolds. A function is a l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavor%20scalping
Flavor scalping is a term used in the packaging industry to describe the loss of quality of a packaged item due to either its volatile flavors being absorbed by the packaging or the item absorbing undesirable flavors from its packaging. A classic example is the absorption of various plastic flavors when soft drinks are...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/194%20%28number%29
194 (one hundred [and] ninety-four) is the natural number following 193 and preceding 195. In mathematics 194 is the smallest Markov number that is neither a Fibonacci number nor a Pell number 194 is the smallest number written as the sum of three squares in five ways 194 is the number of irreducible representation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theca
In biology, a theca (plural thecae) is a sheath or a covering. Botany In botany, the theca is related to plant's flower anatomy. The theca of an angiosperm consists of a pair of microsporangia that are adjacent to each other and share a common area of dehiscence called the stomium. Any part of a microsporophyll that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural%20network
A neural network is a neural circuit of biological neurons, sometimes also called a biological neural network, or a network of artificial neurons or nodes in the case of an artificial neural network. Artificial neural networks are used for solving artificial intelligence (AI) problems; they model connections of biolog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write%20once%2C%20compile%20anywhere
Write once, compile anywhere (WOCA) is a philosophy taken by a compiler and its associated software libraries or by a software library/software framework which refers to a capability of writing a computer program that can be compiled on all platforms without the need to modify its source code. As opposed to Sun's write...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutrit
A qutrit (or quantum trit) is a unit of quantum information that is realized by a 3-level quantum system, that may be in a superposition of three mutually orthogonal quantum states. The qutrit is analogous to the classical radix-3 trit, just as the qubit, a quantum system described by a superposition of two orthogonal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentient%20Networks
Sentient Networks, Inc., was an American networking hardware company that manufactured of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame Relay concentrators and switches for central offices. Founded in 1995 in Sarasota, Florida, the company soon after moved to San Jose, California. It was acquired by Cisco Systems in 1999....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chocolate%20chip
Chocolate chips or chocolate morsels are small chunks of sweetened chocolate, used as an ingredient in a number of desserts (notably chocolate chip cookies and muffins), in trail mix and less commonly in some breakfast foods such as pancakes. They are often manufactured as teardrop-shaped volumes with flat circular bas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AAL1gator
The AAL1gator is a semiconductor device that implements the Circuit Emulation Service. It was developed between 1994 and 1998 and became a run-away success. It also played a role in the acquisition of four companies. The name was based on the fact that the AAL1gator implements the ATM AAL-1 standard. Development of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathcad
Mathcad is computer software for the verification, validation, documentation and re-use of mathematical calculations in engineering and science, notably mechanical, chemical, electrical, and civil engineering. Released in 1986 on DOS, it introduced live editing (WYSIWYG) of typeset mathematical notation in an interacti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictyate
The dictyate or dictyotene is a prolonged resting phase in oogenesis. It occurs in the stage of meiotic prophase I in ootidogenesis. It starts late in fetal life and is terminated shortly before ovulation by the LH surge. Thus, although the majority of oocytes are produced in female fetuses before birth, these pre-eggs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics%20%28magazine%29
Electronics is a discontinued American trade journal that covers the radio industry and subsequent industries from 1930 to 1995. Its first issue is dated April 1930. The periodical was published with the title Electronics until 1984, when it was changed temporarily to ElectronicsWeek, but was then reverted to the origi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%E2%80%93cube%20law
The square–cube law (or cube–square law) is a mathematical principle, applied in a variety of scientific fields, which describes the relationship between the volume and the surface area as a shape's size increases or decreases. It was first described in 1638 by Galileo Galilei in his Two New Sciences as the "...ratio o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindat.org
Mindat.org is a non-commercial interactive online database covering minerals across the world. Originally created by Jolyon Ralph as a private project in 1993, it was launched as a community-editable website in October 2000. it is operated by the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy. History Mindat was started in 1993 as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9nyi%20entropy
In information theory, the Rényi entropy is a quantity that generalizes various notions of entropy, including Hartley entropy, Shannon entropy, collision entropy, and min-entropy. The Rényi entropy is named after Alfréd Rényi, who looked for the most general way to quantify information while preserving additivity for i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-signal%20model
Small-signal modeling is a common analysis technique in electronics engineering used to approximate the behavior of electronic circuits containing nonlinear devices with linear equations. It is applicable to electronic circuits in which the AC signals (i.e., the time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homaro%20Cantu
Homaro "Omar" Cantu Jr. (September 23, 1976 – April 14, 2015) was an American chef and inventor known for his use of molecular gastronomy. As a child, Cantu was fascinated with science and engineering. While working in a fast food restaurant, he discovered the similarities between science and cooking and decided to bec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy%20trinity%20%28cooking%29
The "holy trinity" in Cajun cuisine and Louisiana Creole cuisine is the base for several dishes in the regional cuisines of Louisiana and consists of onions, bell peppers and celery. The preparation of Cajun/Creole dishes such as crawfish étouffée, gumbo, and jambalaya all start from this base. Variants use garlic, pa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branko%20Gr%C3%BCnbaum
Branko Grünbaum (; 2 October 1929 – 14 September 2018) was a Croatian-born mathematician of Jewish descent and a professor emeritus at the University of Washington in Seattle. He received his Ph.D. in 1957 from Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Israel. Life Grünbaum was born in Osijek, then part of the Kingdom of Yug...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negamax
Negamax search is a variant form of minimax search that relies on the zero-sum property of a two-player game. This algorithm relies on the fact that to simplify the implementation of the minimax algorithm. More precisely, the value of a position to player A in such a game is the negation of the value to player B. Thu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimark%27s%20problem
Naimark's problem is a question in functional analysis asked by . It asks whether every C*-algebra that has only one irreducible -representation up to unitary equivalence is isomorphic to the -algebra of compact operators on some (not necessarily separable) Hilbert space. The problem has been solved in the affirmative...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bass%20reflex
A bass reflex system (also known as a ported, vented box or reflex port) is a type of loudspeaker enclosure that uses a port (hole) or vent cut into the cabinet and a section of tubing or pipe affixed to the port. This port enables the sound from the rear side of the diaphragm to increase the efficiency of the system a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%20vault
The Catalan vault (), also called thin-tile vault, Catalan turn, Catalan arch, boveda ceiling (Spanish bóveda 'vault'), or timbrel vault, is a type of low brickwork arch forming a vaulted ceiling that often supports a floor above. It is constructed by laying a first layer of light bricks lengthwise "in space", without ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20school
An online school (virtual school, e-school, or cyber-school) teaches students entirely or primarily online or through the Internet. It has been defined as "education that uses one or more technologies to deliver instruction to students who are separated from the instructor and to support regular and substantive interac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanced%20set
In linear algebra and related areas of mathematics a balanced set, circled set or disk in a vector space (over a field with an absolute value function ) is a set such that for all scalars satisfying The balanced hull or balanced envelope of a set is the smallest balanced set containing The balanced core of a se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely%20convex%20set
In mathematics, a subset C of a real or complex vector space is said to be absolutely convex or disked if it is convex and balanced (some people use the term "circled" instead of "balanced"), in which case it is called a disk. The disked hull or the absolute convex hull of a set is the intersection of all disks contai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20Construction%20Set
Will Harvey's Music Construction Set (MCS) is a music composition notation program designed by Will Harvey for the Apple II and published by Electronic Arts in 1983. Harvey wrote the original Apple II version in assembly language when he was 15 and in high school. MCS was conceived as a tool to add music to his previou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disproportionation
In chemistry, disproportionation, sometimes called dismutation, is a redox reaction in which one compound of intermediate oxidation state converts to two compounds, one of higher and one of lower oxidation states. The reverse of disproportionation, such as when a compound in an intermediate oxidation state is formed fr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenstra%E2%80%93Lenstra%E2%80%93Lov%C3%A1sz%20lattice%20basis%20reduction%20algorithm
The Lenstra–Lenstra–Lovász (LLL) lattice basis reduction algorithm is a polynomial time lattice reduction algorithm invented by Arjen Lenstra, Hendrik Lenstra and László Lovász in 1982. Given a basis with n-dimensional integer coordinates, for a lattice L (a discrete subgroup of Rn) with , the LLL algorithm calculate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-entropy
In information theory, the cross-entropy between two probability distributions and over the same underlying set of events measures the average number of bits needed to identify an event drawn from the set if a coding scheme used for the set is optimized for an estimated probability distribution , rather than the true...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomahawk%20%28geometry%29
The tomahawk is a tool in geometry for angle trisection, the problem of splitting an angle into three equal parts. The boundaries of its shape include a semicircle and two line segments, arranged in a way that resembles a tomahawk, a Native American axe. The same tool has also been called the shoemaker's knife, but tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive%20filter
In signal processing, a recursive filter is a type of filter which reuses one or more of its outputs as an input. This feedback typically results in an unending impulse response (commonly referred to as infinite impulse response (IIR)), characterised by either exponentially growing, decaying, or sinusoidal signal outp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade%20Communications
Cascade Communications Corporation was a manufacturer of communications equipment based in Westford, Massachusetts. History Cascade was founded by Gururaj Deshpande in 1990, and was led by CEO Dan Smith, VP of Sales Mike Champa and CFO Paul Blondin. Cascade made a compact Frame Relay and Asynchronous Transfer Mode co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20moment%20of%20area
The second moment of area, or second area moment, or quadratic moment of area and also known as the area moment of inertia, is a geometrical property of an area which reflects how its points are distributed with regard to an arbitrary axis. The second moment of area is typically denoted with either an (for an axis tha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20%28finance%29
Alpha is a measure of the active return on an investment, the performance of that investment compared with a suitable market index. An alpha of 1% means the investment's return on investment over a selected period of time was 1% better than the market during that same period; a negative alpha means the investment under...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20sieve
In mathematics, the Legendre sieve, named after Adrien-Marie Legendre, is the simplest method in modern sieve theory. It applies the concept of the Sieve of Eratosthenes to find upper or lower bounds on the number of primes within a given set of integers. Because it is a simple extension of Eratosthenes' idea, it is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BUNCH
The BUNCH was the nickname for the group of mainframe computer competitors of IBM in the 1970s. The name is derived from the names of the five companies: Burroughs, UNIVAC, NCR, Control Data Corporation (CDC), and Honeywell. These companies were grouped together because the market share of IBM was much higher than all...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzznic
is a tile-matching video game developed and released by Taito for arcades in 1989. It was ported to the Nintendo Entertainment System, Game Boy, PC Engine, X68000, Amiga, Atari ST, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and ZX Spectrum between 1990 and 1991. Home computer ports were handled by Ocean Software; the 2003 Play...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizocoely
Schizocoely (adjective forms: schizocoelous or schizocoelic) is a process by which some animal embryos develop. The schizocoely mechanism occurs when secondary body cavities (coeloms) are formed by splitting a solid mass of mesodermal embryonic tissue. All schizocoelomates are protostomians and they show holoblastic, s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertase
β-Fructofuranosidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (breakdown) of the table sugar sucrose into fructose and glucose. Alternative names for β-fructofuranosidase include invertase, saccharase, glucosucrase, β-fructosidase, invertin, sucrase, fructosylinvertase, alkaline invertase, acid invertase, and the s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20optical%20network
A passive optical network (PON) is a fiber-optic telecommunications technology for delivering broadband network access to end-customers. Its architecture implements a point-to-multipoint topology in which a single optical fiber serves multiple endpoints by using unpowered (passive) fiber optic splitters to divide the f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%20pointer
In a segmented architecture computer, a far pointer is a pointer which includes a segment selector, making it possible to point to addresses outside of the default segment. Comparison and arithmetic on far pointers is problematic: there can be several different segment-offset address pairs pointing to one physical ad...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20hair
Root hair, or absorbent hairs, are outgrowths of epidermal cells, specialized cells at the tip of a plant root. They are lateral extensions of a single cell and are only rarely branched. They are found in the region of maturation, of the root. Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzuki%20group
In the mathematical discipline known as group theory, the phrase Suzuki group refers to: The Suzuki sporadic group, Suz or Sz is a sporadic simple group of order 213 · 37 · 52 · 7 · 11 · 13 = 448,345,497,600 discovered by Suzuki in 1969 One of an infinite family of Suzuki groups of Lie type discovered by Suzuki Group ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Might%20and%20Magic%20II%3A%20Gates%20to%20Another%20World
Might and Magic II: Gates to Another World (also known as Might and Magic Book Two: Gates to Another World) is a role-playing video game developed and published by New World Computing in 1988. It is the sequel to Might and Magic Book One: The Secret of the Inner Sanctum. Gameplay After the events of Might and Magic B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Will%20Harvey
Will Harvey (born 1967) is an American software developer and Silicon Valley entrepreneur. He wrote Music Construction Set (1984) for the Apple II, the first commercial sheet music processor for home computers. Music Construction Set was ported to other systems by its publisher, Electronic Arts. He wrote two games for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating%20sign%20matrix
In mathematics, an alternating sign matrix is a square matrix of 0s, 1s, and −1s such that the sum of each row and column is 1 and the nonzero entries in each row and column alternate in sign. These matrices generalize permutation matrices and arise naturally when using Dodgson condensation to compute a determinant. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutationism
Mutationism is one of several alternatives to evolution by natural selection that have existed both before and after the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 book On the Origin of Species. In the theory, mutation was the source of novelty, creating new forms and new species, potentially instantaneously, in sudden jumps...