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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group-contribution%20method
A group-contribution method in chemistry is a technique to estimate and predict thermodynamic and other properties from molecular structures. Introduction In today's chemical processes hundreds of thousands of components are used. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry lists 56 million substances, but many of these ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20lab%20automation
Virtual Lab Automation refers to a category of software solutions to automate IT labs using virtualization technology. History Virtualization
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayles
Kayles is a simple impartial game in combinatorial game theory, invented by Henry Dudeney in 1908. Given a row of imagined bowling pins, players take turns to knock out either one pin, or two adjacent pins, until all the pins are gone. Using the notation of octal games, Kayles is denoted 0.77. Rules Kayles is played ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Stickelberger
Ludwig Stickelberger (18 May 1850 – 11 April 1936) was a Swiss mathematician who made important contributions to linear algebra (theory of elementary divisors) and algebraic number theory (Stickelberger relation in the theory of cyclotomic fields). Short biography Stickelberger was born in Buch in the canton of Schaff...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Kampen%20diagram
In the mathematical area of geometric group theory, a Van Kampen diagram (sometimes also called a Lyndon–Van Kampen diagram ) is a planar diagram used to represent the fact that a particular word in the generators of a group given by a group presentation represents the identity element in that group. History The no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemannian%20connection%20on%20a%20surface
In mathematics, the Riemannian connection on a surface or Riemannian 2-manifold refers to several intrinsic geometric structures discovered by Tullio Levi-Civita, Élie Cartan and Hermann Weyl in the early part of the twentieth century: parallel transport, covariant derivative and connection form. These concepts were pu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality%20intellectual%20property%20metric
The quality intellectual property metric (QIP) is an international standard, developed by Virtual Socket Interface Alliance (VSIA) for measuring Intellectual Property (IP) or Silicon intellectual property (SIP) quality and examining the practices used to design, integrate and support the SIP. SIP hardening is required...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomovar
Genomovar is a term commonly used within the genera Burkholderia and Agrobacterium to denote strains which are phylogenetically differentiable, but are phenotypically indistinguishable. A genomovar cannot be identified by standard biochemical tests, but it is classified as a species when a biochemical test allows it to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinatumomab
Blinatumomab, sold under the brand name Blincyto, is a biopharmaceutical medication used as a second-line treatment for Philadelphia chromosome-negative relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. It belongs to a class of constructed monoclonal antibodies, bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), that exert action...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHR1%20domain
DHR1 (DOCK homology region 1), also known as CZH1 or Docker1, is a protein domain of approximately 200–250 amino acids that is present in the DOCK family of signalling proteins. This domain binds phospholipids and so may assist in recruitment to cellular membranes. There is evidence that this domain may also mediate pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied%20repo%20rate
Implied repo rate (IRR) is the rate of return of borrowing money to buy an asset in the spot market and delivering it in the futures market where the notional is used to repay the loan. Simplified closed form where dayBase is 365 or 360 Usage Determine the cheapest to deliver asset To determine the cheapest bond ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20W.%20Piotrowski
Edward W. Piotrowski (b. Rybnik, Poland, 1955) is head of the Applied Mathematics Group at the University of Białystok, Poland. He is notable for the analysis of quantum strategies, showing connections between the Kelly criterion, thermodynamics, and special theory of relativity. In the area of econophysics, he discove...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vav%20%28protein%29
Vav is a family of proteins involved in cell signalling. They act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for small G proteins of the Rho family. GEF activity is mediated via module of tandem DH-PH domains. Vav proteins also appear to exhibit GEF-independent functions. Although it was originally thought that Vav ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHR2%20domain
DHR2 (DOCK homology region 2), also known as CZH2 or Docker2, is a protein domain of approximately 450-550 amino acids that is present in the DOCK family of proteins. This domain functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) domain for small G proteins of the Rho family. DHR2 domains bear no significant simil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Smart%20Card%20Development%20Platform
The Open Smart Card Development Platform (OpenSCDP) provides a collection of tools that support users in the development, test and deployment of smart card applications. The platform supports GlobalPlatform Scripting, Profile and Messaging technology. The complete toolset is written in Java and uses ECMAScript as a sc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20moisture%20sensor
Soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content in soil. Since the direct gravimetric measurement of free soil moisture requires removing, drying, and weighing of a sample, soil moisture sensors measure the volumetric water content indirectly by using some other property of the soil, such as electrical resis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradiente%20Expert
The Expert (or Expert XP-800), made by Gradiente Eletrônica (to date best known as a game console and Hi-Fi equipment company) was the second and last MSX home computer launched in the Brazilian market, in the mid-1980s. It was presented to the public at the 5th International Computing Fair, nicknamed "Informatica '85...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synechocystis%20sp.%20PCC%206803
Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is a strain of unicellular, freshwater cyanobacteria. Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 is capable of both phototrophic growth by oxygenic photosynthesis during light periods and heterotrophic growth by glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during dark periods. Gene expression is regulated by a c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Pomological%20Society
The American Pomological Society was founded by Marshall Pinckney Wilder in 1848, to foster the growing of fruit and the development of new varieties, and is the oldest fruit organization in North America. Publications The organization's primary publication is the Journal of the American Pomological Society. This jour...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rollo%20Davidson%20Prize
The Rollo Davidson Prize is a prize awarded annually to early-career probabilists by the Rollo Davidson trustees. It is named after English mathematician Rollo Davidson (1944–1970). Rollo Davidson Trust In 1970, Rollo Davidson, a Fellow-elect of Churchill College, Cambridge died on Piz Bernina, a mountain in Switzerl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-specific%20T-cell%20engager
Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) are a class of artificial bispecific monoclonal antibodies that are investigated for use as anti-cancer drugs. They direct a host's immune system, more specifically the T cells' cytotoxic activity, against cancer cells. BiTE is a registered trademark of Micromet AG (fully owned subsi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyopolou
Kyopolou (, more often ; ) is a popular Bulgarian and Turkish spread, relish and salad made principally from roasted eggplants and garlic. Common recipes include further ingredients such as baked bell peppers, baked kapia red peppers, tomatoes, tomato juice or tomato paste, onions, parsley, black pepper, and laurel le...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacommunity
An ecological metacommunity is a set of interacting communities which are linked by the dispersal of multiple, potentially interacting species. The term is derived from the field of community ecology, which is primarily concerned with patterns of species distribution, abundance and interactions. Metacommunity ecology ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuant%20%28mathematics%29
In algebra, the continuant is a multivariate polynomial representing the determinant of a tridiagonal matrix and having applications in generalized continued fractions. Definition The n-th continuant is defined recursively by Properties The continuant can be computed by taking the sum of all possible products of x1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MORM%20syndrome
MORM syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, truncal obesity, retinal dystrophy, and micropenis". The disorder shares similar characteristics with Bardet–Biedl syndrome and Cohen syndrome, both of which are autosomal recessive genetic disorders. MORM syndrome can be d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milnor%20number
In mathematics, and particularly singularity theory, the Milnor number, named after John Milnor, is an invariant of a function germ. If f is a complex-valued holomorphic function germ then the Milnor number of f, denoted μ(f), is either a nonnegative integer, or is infinite. It can be considered both a geometric invar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual%20selection%20in%20humans
Sexual selection in humans concerns the concept of sexual selection, introduced by Charles Darwin as an element of his theory of natural selection, as it affects humans. Sexual selection is a biological way one sex chooses a mate for the best reproductive success. Most compete with others of the same sex for the best m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobili%20cellular%20automata
Nobili cellular automata (NCA) are a variation of von Neumann cellular automata (vNCA), in which additional states provide means of memory and the interference-free crossing of signal. Nobili cellular automata are the invention of Renato Nobili, a professor of physics at the University of Padova in Padova, Italy. Von...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paterson%27s%20worms
Paterson's worms are a family of cellular automata devised in 1971 by Mike Paterson and John Horton Conway to model the behaviour and feeding patterns of certain prehistoric worms. In the model, a worm moves between points on a triangular grid along line segments, representing food. Its turnings are determined by the c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20E.%20Haggerty
Patrick Eugene Haggerty (March 17, 1914 – October 1, 1980) was an American engineer and businessman. He was a co-founder and former president and chairman of Texas Instruments, Incorporated (TI). Under his leadership, the company grew from a small Texas oil exploration company into a global leader in the semiconductor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TinyLinux
TinyLinux is a project started by Matt Mackall in 2003 to reduce the size of the Linux kernel, in both memory usage and binary filesize. The purpose was to make a compact Linux system for embedded devices. The development was sponsored by the CE Linux Forum. It is also known as the -tiny tree. By 2006 the project was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual-homed
Dual-homed or dual-homing can refer to either an Ethernet device that has more than one network interface, for redundancy purposes, or in firewall technology, one of the firewall architectures for implementing preventive security. An example of dual-homed devices are enthusiast computing motherboards that incorporate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Linkup
The Linkup (formerly MediaMax), a spin-off from Streamload (now Nirvanix), was a "social network for file sharing" and a service that let users send, receive, and store large amounts of data via the web. It was one of the first Internet based storage services (winning numerous awards) and is now one of the largest fail...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion%20damping
In modern cosmological theory, diffusion damping, also called photon diffusion damping, is a physical process which reduced density inequalities (anisotropies) in the early universe, making the universe itself and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) more uniform. Around 300,000 years after the Big Bang, dur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvanix
Nirvanix is an American-based provider of business phone systems, VoIP services, hosted PBX, SIP Trunks, and cloud storage services headquartered in San Diego, California, United States. The company offers a variety of business phone solutions for small, medium as well as enterprise businesses. It also has a strong pre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimorazole
Nimorazole (INN) is a nitroimidazole anti-infective. It is also being investigated for the treatment of head and neck cancer.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyroporus%20castaneus
Gyroporus castaneus, or commonly the chestnut bolete, is a small, white-pored relation of the Boletus mushrooms. It has a brown cap, and is usually found with oak trees. It differs from the true boletes in that the spores are a pale straw colour. Taxonomy The species was described initially by the French mycologist J...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20biologist
A clinical biologist is a health professional such as a doctor of medicine, pharmacist, chemist or biologist that is specialized in clinical biology, a medical specialty derived from clinical pathology. The concept includes interventional biology, including assisted reproductive technology. These professionals follow ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20golf
Code golf is a type of recreational computer programming competition in which participants strive to achieve the shortest possible source code that solves a certain problem. Code golf challenges and tournaments may also be named with the programming language used (for example, Perl golf). Etymology The term "code gol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound%20butter
Compound butters (, pl. beurres composés) are mixtures of butter and other ingredients used as a flavoring, in a fashion similar to a sauce. Compound butters can be made or bought. A compound butter can be made by whipping additional elements, such as herbs, spices or aromatic liquids, into butter. It is usually re-f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20programming%20with%20equilibrium%20constraints
Mathematical programming with equilibrium constraints (MPEC) is the study of constrained optimization problems where the constraints include variational inequalities or complementarities. MPEC is related to the Stackelberg game. MPEC is used in the study of engineering design, economic equilibrium, and multilevel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telescope%20Array%20Project
The Telescope Array project is an international collaboration involving research and educational institutions in Japan, The United States, Russia, South Korea, and Belgium. The experiment is designed to observe air showers induced by ultra-high-energy cosmic ray using a combination of ground array and air-fluorescenc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAFLEX
WAFLEX is a spreadsheet-based model. It can be used to analyse upstream-downstream interactions, dam management options and water allocation and development options. Structure of the Model WAFLEX is set up as a network, where each cell is river reach, demand node or reservoir. Each cell contains a simple formula to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian%20sauce
Venetian sauce (French: Sauce vénitienne) is a classical French herb sauce used to accompany fish. It consists of: a velouté and fish fumet base equal quantities of tarragon vinegar and white wine reduced with: chopped shallots and chervil White wine sauce Herb juice After cooking, it is strained and finished wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australasian%20Underwater%20Cultural%20Heritage%20Database
The Australasian Underwater Cultural Heritage Database (AUCHD) is an online, searchable database containing data on shipwrecks, aircraft that have been submerged underwater or wrecked on the shore, and other artefacts of cultural significance which are or have been underwater. It includes what used to be called the A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GrADS
The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) is an interactive desktop tool that is used for easy access, manipulation, and visualization of earth science data. The format of the data may be either binary, GRIB, NetCDF, or HDF-SDS (Scientific Data Sets). GrADS has been implemented worldwide on a variety of commonly use...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm%20sorting
Sperm sorting is a means of choosing what type of sperm cell is to fertilize the egg cell. Several conventional techniques of centrifugation or swim-up. Newly applied methods such as flow cytometry expand the possibilities of sperm sorting and new techniques of sperm sorting are being developed. It can be used to sor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codd%27s%20theorem
Codd's theorem states that relational algebra and the domain-independent relational calculus queries, two well-known foundational query languages for the relational model, are precisely equivalent in expressive power. That is, a database query can be formulated in one language if and only if it can be expressed in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncomplicated%20Firewall
Uncomplicated Firewall (UFW) is a program for managing a netfilter firewall designed to be easy to use. It uses a command-line interface consisting of a small number of simple commands, and uses iptables for configuration. UFW is available by default in all Ubuntu installations since 8.04 LTS. UFW has been available by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtis%E2%80%93Hedlund%E2%80%93Lyndon%20theorem
The Curtis–Hedlund–Lyndon theorem is a mathematical characterization of cellular automata in terms of their symbolic dynamics. It is named after Morton L. Curtis, Gustav A. Hedlund, and Roger Lyndon; in his 1969 paper stating the theorem, Hedlund credited Curtis and Lyndon as co-discoverers. It has been called "one of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Gross
Frank George Gross, OMC (May 23, 1919 – January 13, 2006) was a philanthropist awarded the Ontario Medal for Good Citizenship (OMC) one month after his death in 2006. He is the only Chatham-Kent resident to be recognized by the Government of Ontario for humanitarianism. For 50 years, he had been well known in the Chat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affine%20focal%20set
In mathematics, and especially affine differential geometry, the affine focal set of a smooth submanifold M embedded in a smooth manifold N is the caustic generated by the affine normal lines. It can be realised as the bifurcation set of a certain family of functions. The bifurcation set is the set of parameter values ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolakoski%20sequence
In mathematics, the Kolakoski sequence, sometimes also known as the Oldenburger–Kolakoski sequence, is an infinite sequence of symbols {1,2} that is the sequence of run lengths in its own run-length encoding. It is named after the recreational mathematician William Kolakoski (1944–97) who described it in 1965, but it w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable%20vector%20bundle
In mathematics, a stable vector bundle is a (holomorphic or algebraic) vector bundle that is stable in the sense of geometric invariant theory. Any holomorphic vector bundle may be built from stable ones using Harder–Narasimhan filtration. Stable bundles were defined by David Mumford in and later built upon by David G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20source%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, an information source is a sequence of random variables ranging over a finite alphabet Γ, having a stationary distribution. The uncertainty, or entropy rate, of an information source is defined as where is the sequence of random variables defining the information source, and is the conditional infor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telogis
Telogis was a privately held US-based company that develops location-based software to manage mobile resources. Telogis sold software as a service (SaaS) which incorporated location information into applications for fleet owners as well as geospatial software development toolkits. In 2016, Telogis was acquired by Veri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20CAD%2C%20CAM%2C%20and%20CAE%20file%20viewers
This is an overview of notable viewers for files, that are produced by Computer aided design (CAD), Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) and Computer-aided engineering (CAE) applications. Comparison of notable CAD/CAM/CAE file viewers See also Comparison of computer-aided design software List of CAD file formats
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alzheimer%27s%20disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia. The most common early symptom is difficulty in remembering recent events. As the disease advances, symptoms can include problems with language, disorientation (i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy%20%26%20Astrophysics
Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics. It is operated by an editorial team under the supervision of a board of directors representing 27 sponsoring countries plus a representative of the European Sou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20ratio
A loss ratio is a ratio of losses to gains, used normally in a financial context. It is the opposite of the gross profit ratio (commonly known as the gross profit margin). Insurance loss ratio For insurance, the loss ratio is the ratio of total losses incurred (paid and reserved) in claims plus adjustment expenses div...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early-onset%20Alzheimer%27s%20disease
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD), also called younger-onset Alzheimer's disease (YOAD), is Alzheimer's disease diagnosed before the age of 65. It is an uncommon form of Alzheimer's, accounting for only 5–10% of all Alzheimer's cases. About 60% have a positive family history of Alzheimer's and 13% of them are inhe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Physics%20Communications
Computer Physics Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier under the North-Holland imprint. The journal focuses on computational methodology, numerical analysis and hardware and software development in support of physics and physical chemistry. Associated with the journal is the Comput...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejuvelac
Rejuvelac is a kind of grain water that was invented and promoted by Ann Wigmore, born in Cropos, Lithuania. The beverage is closely related to a traditional Romanian drink, called borș, a fermented wheat bran that can be used to make a sour soup called ciorbă or as the basis for Vegan cheeses. Rejuvelac is a raw foo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrushovski%20construction
In model theory, a branch of mathematical logic, the Hrushovski construction generalizes the Fraïssé limit by working with a notion of strong substructure rather than . It can be thought of as a kind of "model-theoretic forcing", where a (usually) stable structure is created, called the generic or rich model. The spe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol%20monostearate
Glycerol monostearate, commonly known as GMS, is a monoglyceride commonly used as an emulsifier in foods. It takes the form of a white, odorless, and sweet-tasting flaky powder that is hygroscopic. Chemically it is the glycerol ester of stearic acid. It is also used as hydration powder in exercise formulas Structure, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primordial%20isocurvature%20baryon%20model
A primordial isocurvature baryon model (PIB model) is a theoretical model describing the development of the early universe. It may be contrasted with the cold dark matter model (CDM model). The PIB model was proposed in 1987 by Jim Peebles as an alternative to the CDM model, which does not necessitate the existence of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20geodesic%20analysis
In geometric data analysis and statistical shape analysis, principal geodesic analysis is a generalization of principal component analysis to a non-Euclidean, non-linear setting of manifolds suitable for use with shape descriptors such as medial representations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacunarity
Lacunarity, from the Latin lacuna, meaning "gap" or "lake", is a specialized term in geometry referring to a measure of how patterns, especially fractals, fill space, where patterns having more or larger gaps generally have higher lacunarity. Beyond being an intuitive measure of gappiness, lacunarity can quantify addit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20maintainer
In free and open source software and inner source software, a software maintainer or package maintainer is usually one or more people who build source code into a binary package for distribution, commit patches, or organize code in a source repository. If the maintainer stops doing their work on the project, then the d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomeranchuk%20cooling
Pomeranchuk cooling (named after Isaak Pomeranchuk) is the phenomenon in which liquid helium-3 will cool if it is compressed isentropically when it is below 0.3 K. This occurs because helium-3 has the unusual property that its solid state can have a higher entropy than its liquid state. The effect was first observed by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley%20Software%20Distribution
The Berkeley Software Distribution or Berkeley Standard Distribution (BSD) is a discontinued operating system based on Research Unix, developed and distributed by the Computer Systems Research Group (CSRG) at the University of California, Berkeley. The term "BSD" commonly refers to its open-source descendants, includin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xetal
Xetal is the name of a family of non commercial massively parallel processors developed within Philips Research. Background The Xetal was conceived in 1999 at Philips Research when researchers Kleihorst, Abbo and Van der Avoird investigated possibilities for combining a CMOS image sensor with powerful image processing...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot%20effect
The Slashdot effect, also known as slashdotting, occurs when a popular website links to a smaller website, causing a massive increase in traffic. This overloads the smaller site, causing it to slow down or even temporarily become unavailable. Typically, less robust sites are unable to cope with the huge increase in tra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abandonware
Abandonware is a product, typically software, ignored by its owner and manufacturer, and for which no official support is available. Within an intellectual rights contextual background, abandonware is a software (or hardware) sub-case of the general concept of orphan works. Museums and various organizations dedicated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MaraDNS
MaraDNS is an open-source (BSD licensed) Domain Name System (DNS) implementation, which acts as either a caching, recursive, or authoritative nameserver. Features MaraDNS has a string library, which is buffer overflow resistant and has its own random number generator. While MaraDNS does not directly support BIND zone...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS
AmigaOS is a family of proprietary native operating systems of the Amiga and AmigaOne personal computers. It was developed first by Commodore International and introduced with the launch of the first Amiga, the Amiga 1000, in 1985. Early versions of AmigaOS required the Motorola 68000 series of 16-bit and 32-bit microp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compatibility%20card
A compatibility card is an expansion card for computers that allows it to have hardware emulation with another device. While compatibility cards date back at least to the Apple II family, the majority of them were made for 16-bit computers, often to maintain compatibility with the IBM PC. The most popular of these were...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tux%20%28mascot%29
</noinclude> Tux is a penguin character and the official brand character of the Linux kernel. Originally created as an entry to a Linux logo competition, Tux is the most commonly used icon for Linux, although different Linux distributions depict Tux in various styles. The character is used in many other Linux programs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft
Copyleft is the legal technique of granting certain freedoms over copies of copyrighted works with the requirement that the same rights be preserved in derivative works. In this sense, freedoms refers to the use of the work for any purpose, and the ability to modify, copy, share, and redistribute the work, with or with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptography
Cryptography, or cryptology (from "hidden, secret"; and graphein, "to write", or -logia, "study", respectively), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. More generally, cryptography is about constructing and analyzing protocols that prevent third part...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embrace%2C%20extend%2C%20and%20extinguish
"Embrace, extend, and extinguish" (EEE), also known as "embrace, extend, and exterminate", is a phrase that the U.S. Department of Justice found was used internally by Microsoft to describe its strategy for entering product categories involving widely used standards, extending those standards with proprietary capabilit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADSL
Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) is a type of digital subscriber line (DSL) technology, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ADSL differs from the less common symmetric digital subscriber line (SDSL)....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient%20calculus
In computer science, the ambient calculus is a process calculus devised by Luca Cardelli and Andrew D. Gordon in 1998, and used to describe and theorise about concurrent systems that include mobility. Here mobility means both computation carried out on mobile devices (i.e. networks that have a dynamic topology), and mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20monitoring
Radiation monitoring involves the measurement of radiation dose or radionuclide contamination for reasons related to the assessment or control of exposure to radiation or radioactive substances, and the interpretation of the results. Environmental monitoring Environmental monitoring is the measurement of external dose...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20social%20network
A distributed social network or federated social network is an Internet social networking service that is decentralized and distributed across distinct service providers (similar to email, but for social networks), such as the Fediverse or the IndieWeb. It consists of multiple social websites, where users of each site ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read-only%20memory
Read-only memory (ROM) is a type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be electronically modified after the manufacture of the memory device. Read-only memory is useful for storing software that is rarely changed during the life of the system, also known as fir...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content%20Scramble%20System
The Content Scramble System (CSS) is a digital rights management (DRM) and encryption system employed on many commercially produced DVD-Video discs. CSS utilizes a proprietary 40-bit stream cipher algorithm. The system was introduced around 1996 and was first compromised in 1999. CSS is one of several complementary sy...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization%20instability
An ionization instability is any one of a category of plasma instabilities which is mediated by electron-impact ionization. In the most general sense, an ionization instability occurs from a feedback effect, when electrons produced by ionization go on to produce still more electrons through ionization in a self-reinfor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20turbidity
Ocean turbidity is a measure of the amount of cloudiness or haziness in sea water caused by individual particles that are too small to be seen without magnification. Highly turbid ocean waters are those with many scattering particulates in them. In both highly absorbing and highly scattering waters, visibility into the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typosquatting
Typosquatting, also called URL hijacking, a sting site, a cousin domain, or a fake URL, is a form of cybersquatting, and possibly brandjacking which relies on mistakes such as typos made by Internet users when inputting a website address into a web browser. Should a user accidentally enter an incorrect website address,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse%20engineering
Reverse engineering (also known as backwards engineering or back engineering) is a process or method through which one attempts to understand through deductive reasoning how a previously made device, process, system, or piece of software accomplishes a task with very little (if any) insight into exactly how it does so....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fan%20game
A fan game is a video game that is created by fans of a certain topic or IP. They are usually based on one, or in some cases several, video game entries or franchises. Many fan games attempt to clone or remake the original game's design, gameplay, and characters, but it is equally common for fans to develop a unique ga...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog%20hole
The analog hole (also known as the analog loophole or analog gap) is a perceived fundamental and inevitable vulnerability in copy protection schemes for noninteractive works in digital formats which can be exploited to duplicate copy-protected works using analog means. Once digital information is converted to a human-p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundowning
Sundowning, or sundown syndrome, is a neurological phenomenon associated with increased confusion and restlessness in people with delirium or some form of dementia. It is most commonly associated with Alzheimer's disease but also found in those with other forms of dementia. The term "sundowning" was coined by nurse Loi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptoperiod
A cryptoperiod is the time span during which a specific cryptographic key is authorized for use. Common government guidelines range from 1 to 3 years for asymmetric cryptography, and 1 day to 7 days for symmetric cipher traffic keys. Factors to consider include the strength of the underlying encryption algorithm, key ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20rights%20management
Digital rights management (DRM) is the management of legal access to digital content. Various tools or technological protection measures (TPM) like access control technologies, can restrict the use of proprietary hardware and copyrighted works. DRM technologies govern the use, modification and distribution of copyright...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablature
Tablature (or tabulature, or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches. Tablature is common for fretted stringed instruments such as the guitar, lute or vihuela, as well as many free reed aerophones such as the harmonica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU%20Free%20Documentation%20License
The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the rights to copy, redistribute, and modify (except for "invariant sections") a w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20nuclear%20membrane%20protein
Inner nuclear membrane proteins (INM proteins) are membrane proteins that are embedded in or associated with the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. There are about 60 INM proteins, most of which are poorly characterized with respect to structure and function. Among the few well-characterized INM proteins are lami...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmas%20Zachos
Cosmas K. Zachos (; born 1951) is a theoretical physicist. He was educated in physics (undergraduate A.B. 1974) at Princeton University, and did graduate work in theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology (Ph.D. 1979 ) under the supervision of John Henry Schwarz. Zachos is an emeritus staff member i...