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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repeat-accumulate%20code | In computer science, repeat-accumulate codes (RA codes) are a low complexity class of error-correcting codes. They were devised so that their ensemble weight distributions are easy to derive. RA codes were introduced by Divsalar et al.
In an RA code, an information block of length is repeated times, scrambled by an ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saurophthirus | Saurophthirus is an extinct genus of giant stem-group flea, and the only member of the family Saurophthiridae. The type species, S. longipes is found in early Cretaceous strata of Baissa, Siberia. Two other species S. exquisitus and S. laevigatus are from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China.
Description
Bo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1C | The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene. ACVR1C is a type I receptor for the TGFB family of signaling molecules.
ACVR1C transduces signals of Nodal. Nodal binds to ACVR2B and then forms a complex with ACVR1C. These go on to recruit the R-SMADs SMAD... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1B | Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1B gene.
ACVR1B or ALK-4 acts as a transducer of activin or activin-like ligands (e.g., inhibin) signals. Activin binds to either ACVR2A or ACVR2B and then forms a complex with ACVR1B. These go on to recruit the R-SMADs SMAD2 or SMAD3. ACVR1B ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap%20converter | The tap converter is a variation on the cycloconverter, invented in 1981 by New York City electrical engineer Melvin Sandler and significantly functionally enhanced in 1982 through 1984 by graduate students Mariusz Wrzesniewski, Bruce David Wilner, and Eddie Fung. Whereas the cycloconverter switches among a variety of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR1 | Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2). ACVR1 has been linked to the 2q23-24 region of the genome. This protein is important in the bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway which is responsible for the development... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-Bus%20%28protocol%29 | C-Bus is a communications protocol based on a seven layer OSI model for home and building automation that can handle cable lengths up to 1000 metres using Cat-5 cable. It is used in Australia, New Zealand, Asia, the Middle East, Russia, United States, South Africa, the UK and other parts of Europe including Greece and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNAS%20complex%20locus | GNAS complex locus is a gene locus in humans. Its main product is the heterotrimeric G-protein alpha subunit Gs-α, a key component of G protein-coupled receptor-regulated adenylyl cyclase signal transduction pathways. GNAS stands for Guanine Nucleotide binding protein, Alpha Stimulating activity polypeptide.
Gene
Thi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydatid%20of%20Morgagni | The hydatid of Morgagni can refer to one of two closely related bodily structures:
Appendix of testis (in the male)
Paraovarian cyst (in the female)
Sexual anatomy
Mammal reproductive system |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan%27s%20sum | In number theory, Ramanujan's sum, usually denoted cq(n), is a function of two positive integer variables q and n defined by the formula
where (a, q) = 1 means that a only takes on values coprime to q.
Srinivasa Ramanujan mentioned the sums in a 1918 paper. In addition to the expansions discussed in this article, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesicular%20transport%20adaptor%20protein | Vesicular transport adaptor proteins are proteins involved in forming complexes that function in the trafficking of molecules from one subcellular location to another. These complexes concentrate the correct cargo molecules in vesicles that bud or extrude off of one organelle and travel to another location, where the c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huisman%E2%80%93Olff%E2%80%93Fresco%20models | Huisman–Olff–Fresco models (HOF models) are a hierarchical set of 5 models with increasing complexity, designated for fitting unimodal species response curves on environmental gradient.
A implementation of the model including extension for bimodal distributions exists as an R module downloadable from CRAN. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyby%20anomaly | The flyby anomaly is a discrepancy between current scientific models and the actual increase in speed (i.e. increase in kinetic energy) observed during a planetary flyby (usually of Earth) by a spacecraft. In multiple cases, spacecraft have been observed to gain greater speed than scientists had predicted, but thus far... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/881%20%28number%29 | 881 (eight hundred [and] eighty-one) is the natural number following 880 and preceding 882.
881 is:
a prime number
a Paid Toll Free telephone number prefix in the USA
the Port of Los Angeles Long Wharf, California State Historic Landmark #881
In astronomy, NGC 881 is an Sc type galaxy in the constellation Cetus.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20Vehicle%20Digital%20Computer | The Launch Vehicle Digital Computer (LVDC) was a computer that provided the autopilot for the Saturn V rocket from launch to Earth orbit insertion. Designed and manufactured by IBM's Electronics Systems Center in Owego, New York, it was one of the major components of the Instrument Unit, fitted to the S-IVB stage of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SimGear | SimGear is a group of libraries, which provide capabilities useful for simulations, visualizations, and even games building.
SimGear is a relatively new project, and while quite a bit of code has been written in conjunction with the FlightGear project, the final interface and arrangements are still evolving.
All the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfboard | Perfboard is a material for prototyping electronic circuits. It is a thin, rigid sheet with holes pre-drilled at standard intervals across a grid, usually a square grid of spacing. These holes are ringed by round or square copper pads, though bare boards are also available. Inexpensive perfboard may have pads on only ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed/dual%20cycle | The dual combustion cycle (also known as the mixed cycle, Trinkler cycle, Seiliger cycle or Sabathe cycle) is a thermal cycle that is a combination of the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle, first introduced by Russian-German engineer Gustav Trinkler, who never claimed to have developed the cycle himself. Heat is added pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Johnson%20%28electrical%20engineer%29 | Howard Johnson is an electrical engineer, known for his consulting work and commonly referenced books on the topic of signal integrity, especially for high speed electronic circuit design. He served as the chief technical editor for Fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet standardisation, and was recognized by the IEEE as a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optiarc | Optiarc is a brand of optical disc drives and solid-state drives. It is owned by a US-based Vinpower Digital, Inc.
Initially Optiarc was established on April 3, 2006 as a joint venture between Sony (55% shares) and NEC (45% shares). The company, named Sony NEC Optiarc, focused on manufacturing optical disk drives prim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nallatech | Nallatech is a computer hardware and software firm based in Camarillo, California, United States.
The company specializes in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) integrated circuit technology applied in computing. As of 2007 the company's primary markets include defense and high-performance computing. Nallatech was ac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morus%20nigra | Morus nigra, called black mulberry (not to be confused with the blackberries that are various species of Rubus), is a species of flowering plant in the family Moraceae that is native to southwestern Asia, where it has been cultivated for so long that its precise natural range is unknown. The black mulberry is known for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party%20line%20%28telephony%29 | A party line (multiparty line, shared service line, party wire) is a local loop telephone circuit that is shared by multiple telephone service subscribers.
Party line systems were widely used to provide telephone service, starting with the first commercial switchboards in 1878. A majority of Bell System subscribers in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Berge | Claude Jacques Berge (5 June 1926 – 30 June 2002) was a French mathematician, recognized as one of the modern founders of combinatorics and graph theory.
Biography and professional history
Claude Berge's parents were André Berge and Geneviève Fourcade. André Berge (1902–1995) was a physician and psychoanalyst who, in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20solar%20model | The standard solar model (SSM) is a mathematical treatment of the Sun as a spherical ball of gas (in varying states of ionisation, with the hydrogen in the deep interior being a completely ionised plasma). This model, technically the spherically symmetric quasi-static model of a star, has stellar structure described by... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inertial%20fusion%20power%20plant | Inertial Fusion Energy is a proposed approach to building a nuclear fusion power plant based on performing inertial confinement fusion at industrial scale. This approach to fusion power is still in a research phase. ICF first developed shortly after the development of the laser in 1960, but was a classified US resear... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet-derived%20growth%20factor%20receptor | Platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-R) are cell surface tyrosine kinase receptors for members of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) family. PDGF subunits -A and -B are important factors regulating cell proliferation, cellular differentiation, cell growth, development and many diseases including cancer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tachykinin%20receptor | There are three known mammalian tachykinin receptors termed NK1, NK2 and NK3. All are members of the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor family and induce the activation of phospholipase C, producing inositol triphosphate (so called Gq-coupled).
Inhibitors of NK-1, known as NK-1 receptor antagonists, can be use... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity%20index | The sensitivity index or discriminability index or detectability index is a dimensionless statistic used in signal detection theory. A higher index indicates that the signal can be more readily detected.
Definition
The discriminability index is the separation between the means of two distributions (typically the signa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary%20nerve%20dysfunction | Axillary nerve dysfunction is any disorder caused by damage to the axillary nerve. The axillary nerve is a branch of the brachial plexus that innervates the deltoid and teres minor muscles. This nerve can be injured or damaged in a variety of ways - penetrating injury such as knife or gunshot wounds, surgical trauma, s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoftEther%20Corporation | SoftEther Corporation is a Japanese software company. It was founded as an industry-academia-government venture in April 2004 by University of Tsukuba students, with the goal to develop the software of the same name, SoftEther VPN. The name indicated that a software emulates an Ethernet.
Related software
SoftEther
Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Row%20equivalence | In linear algebra, two matrices are row equivalent if one can be changed to the other by a sequence of elementary row operations. Alternatively, two m × n matrices are row equivalent if and only if they have the same row space. The concept is most commonly applied to matrices that represent systems of linear equation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary%20matrix | In mathematics, an elementary matrix is a matrix which differs from the identity matrix by one single elementary row operation. The elementary matrices generate the general linear group when is a field. Left multiplication (pre-multiplication) by an elementary matrix represents elementary row operations, while right ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20for%20Public%20Health%20and%20the%20Environment | The National Institute for Public Health and the Environment ( or simply RIVM) is a Dutch research institute that is an independent agency of the Ministry of Health, Welfare and Sport.
RIVM performs tasks to promote public health and a safe living environment by conducting research and collecting knowledge worldwide. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-loop%20unbundling | In the telephony business, sub-loop unbundling (SLU) is a type of unbundled access whereby a sub-section of the local loop is unbundled. In practice this often means the competitor placing a small street cabinet with a DSLAM, next to a telco local copper aggregation cabinet or serving area interface and using a 'tie ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genealogical%20numbering%20systems | Several genealogical numbering systems have been widely adopted for presenting family trees and pedigree charts in text format.
Ascending numbering systems
Ahnentafel
Ahnentafel, also known as the Eytzinger Method, Sosa Method, and Sosa-Stradonitz Method, allows for the numbering of ancestors beginning with a descen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraterpene | Tetraterpenes are terpenes consisting of eight isoprene units and have the molecular formula C40H64. Tetraterpenoids (including many carotenoids) are tetraterpenes that have been chemically modified, as indicated by the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups.
Phytoene is biosynthesized via the head-to-head c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calocybe%20gambosa | Calocybe gambosa, commonly known as St. George's mushroom, is an edible mushroom that grows mainly in fields, grass verges and roadsides. Deriving its common name from when it first appears in the UK, namely on St George's Day (23 April). It appears in March in Italy, a warmer country where it is also a popular mushroo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2A | Activin receptor type-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2A gene.
ACVR2A is an activin type 2 receptor.
Function
This gene encodes activin A type II receptor. Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of struct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directionality%20%28molecular%20biology%29 | Directionality, in molecular biology and biochemistry, is the end-to-end chemical orientation of a single strand of nucleic acid. In a single strand of DNA or RNA, the chemical convention of naming carbon atoms in the nucleotide pentose-sugar-ring means that there will be a 5′ end (usually pronounced "five-prime end"),... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elasticity%20of%20a%20function | In mathematics, the elasticity or point elasticity of a positive differentiable function f of a positive variable (positive input, positive output) at point a is defined as
or equivalently
It is thus the ratio of the relative (percentage) change in the function's output with respect to the relative change in its inp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMP%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29 | Symbolic Manipulation Program, usually called SMP, was a computer algebra system designed by Chris A. Cole and Stephen Wolfram at Caltech circa 1979. It was initially developed in the Caltech physics department with contributions from Geoffrey C. Fox, Jeffrey M. Greif, Eric D. Mjolsness, Larry J. Romans, Timothy Shaw, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGSAM | SIGSAM is the ACM Special Interest Group on Symbolic and Algebraic Manipulation. It publishes the ACM Communications in Computer Algebra and often sponsors the International Symposium on Symbolic and Algebraic Computation (ISSAC).
External links
ACM Official SIGSAM web site
ISSAC 2009, Seoul, Korea
ISSAC 2008, ("R... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal%20heating | Tidal heating (also known as tidal working or tidal flexing) occurs through the tidal friction processes: orbital and rotational energy is dissipated as heat in either (or both) the surface ocean or interior of a planet or satellite. When an object is in an elliptical orbit, the tidal forces acting on it are stronger n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record%20press | A record press is a machine for manufacturing vinyl records. It is essentially a hydraulic press fitted with thin nickel stampers which are negative impressions of a master disc. Labels and a pre-heated vinyl patty (or "biscuit") are placed in a heated mold cavity. Two stampers are used, one for each of side of the dis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersubband%20polariton | Intersubband transitions (also known as intraband transitions) are dipolar allowed optical excitations between the quantized electronic energy levels within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures. Intersubband transitions when coupled with an optical resonator form new, mixed-state photons. This mixing i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonclassical%20light | Nonclassical light is light that cannot be described using classical electromagnetism; its characteristics are described by the quantized electromagnetic field and quantum mechanics.
The most common described forms of nonclassical light are the following:
Photon statistics of Nonclassical Light is Sub-Poissonian in t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20%26%20Water%20Watch | Food & Water Watch is a Washington, D.C.-based non-governmental organization group with an office also in Los Angeles, California, which focuses on corporate and government accountability relating to food, water, and corporate overreach. Resulting issue areas include stopping fossil fuels and fossil fuel extraction, re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil%27s%20criterion | In mathematics, Weil's criterion is a criterion of André Weil for the Generalized Riemann hypothesis to be true. It takes the form of an equivalent statement, to the effect that a certain generalized function is positive definite.
Weil's idea was formulated first in a 1952 paper. It is based on the explicit formulae o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical%20equivalence%20theorem | The optical equivalence theorem in quantum optics asserts an equivalence between the expectation value of an operator in Hilbert space and the expectation value of its associated function in the phase space formulation with respect to a quasiprobability distribution. The theorem was first reported by George Sudarshan ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojtek%20%28bear%29 | Wojtek (1942 – 2 December 1963; ; in English, sometimes phonetically spelled Voytek and pronounced as such) was a Syrian brown bear (Ursus arctos syriacus) bought, as a young cub, at a railway station in Hamadan, Iran, by Polish II Corps soldiers who had been evacuated from the Soviet Union. In order to provide for his... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glauber%E2%80%93Sudarshan%20P%20representation | The Sudarshan-Glauber P representation is a suggested way of writing down the phase space distribution of a quantum system in the phase space formulation of quantum mechanics. The P representation is the quasiprobability distribution in which observables are expressed in normal order. In quantum optics, this represen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACVR2B | Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene. ACVR2B is an activin type 2 receptor.
Function
Activins are dimeric growth and differentiation factors which belong to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily of structurally related signaling proteins. Activins s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlieplexing | Charlieplexing (also known as tristate multiplexing, reduced pin-count LED multiplexing, complementary LED drive and crossplexing) is a technique for driving a multiplexed display, keypad or touchscreen, in which relatively few I/O wires from a microcontroller are woven in a diagonally-intersecting pattern to access a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtek | Microtek International Inc. () is a Taiwan-based multinational manufacturer of digital imaging products and other consumer electronics. It produces imaging equipment for medical, biological and industrial fields. It occupies 20 percent of the global imaging market and holds 450 patents worldwide.
It is known for its s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaynes%E2%80%93Cummings%20model | The Jaynes–Cummings model (sometimes abbreviated JCM) is a theoretical model in quantum optics. It describes the system of a two-level atom interacting with a quantized mode of an optical cavity (or a bosonic field), with or without the presence of light (in the form of a bath of electromagnetic radiation that can caus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azriel%20Rosenfeld | Azriel Rosenfeld (February 19, 1931 – February 22, 2004) was an American Research Professor, a Distinguished University Professor, and Director of the Center for Automation Research at the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, where he also held affiliate professorships in the Departments of Computer Science,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20chromatogram | A mass chromatogram is a representation of mass spectrometry data as a chromatogram, where the x-axis represents time and the y-axis represents signal intensity. The source data contains mass information; however, it is not graphically represented in a mass chromatogram in favor of visualizing signal intensity versus t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20discovery | Electronic discovery (also ediscovery or e-discovery) refers to discovery in legal proceedings such as litigation, government investigations, or Freedom of Information Act requests, where the information sought is in electronic format (often referred to as electronically stored information or ESI). Electronic discovery... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecotropism | Ecotropism or ecotropic (from eco – hearth and tropic – to turn towards) refers to the philosophy that for human culture to be healthy, it must exist as in an ecological niche and thereby relate appropriately with all the fields of forces of nature, organic and inorganic. The following form of the term has been used si... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic%20food%20environment | A food environment is the "physical presence of food that affects a person’s diet, a person’s proximity to food store locations, the distribution of food stores, food service, and any physical entity by which food may be obtained, or a connected system that allows access to food".
The term toxic food environment was c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poset%20topology | In mathematics, the poset topology associated to a poset (S, ≤) is the Alexandrov topology (open sets are upper sets) on the poset of finite chains of (S, ≤), ordered by inclusion.
Let V be a set of vertices. An abstract simplicial complex Δ is a set of finite sets of vertices, known as faces , such that
Given a sim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20security%20parameter | In cryptography, a critical security parameter (CSP) is information that is either user or system defined and is used to operate a cryptography module in processing encryption functions including cryptographic keys and authentication data, such as passwords, the disclosure or modification of which can compromise the se... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Core%20Multiplexing%20Technology | Core Multiplexing Technology is a term that appeared in some BIOSes.
Details
A subset of traditional applications are often difficult to parallelize and make use of additional CPU hardware available on the platform, restraining applications to use only one CPU. Core Multiplexing Technology would allow for a process to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20computer | A chemical computer, also called a reaction-diffusion computer, Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) computer, or gooware computer, is an unconventional computer based on a semi-solid chemical "soup" where data are represented by varying concentrations of chemicals. The computations are performed by naturally occurring chemical r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ODVA%20%28company%29 | ODVA, Inc. (formerly Open DeviceNet Vendors Association, Inc.) was founded in 1995 and is a global trade and standard development organization whose members are suppliers of devices for industrial automation applications. To qualify for membership in ODVA, applicants must be an entity that makes and sells products usin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ax%E2%80%93Kochen%20theorem | The Ax–Kochen theorem, named for James Ax and Simon B. Kochen, states that for each positive integer d there is a finite set Yd of prime numbers, such that if p is any prime not in Yd then every homogeneous polynomial of degree d over the p-adic numbers in at least d2 + 1 variables has a nontrivial zero.
The proof of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB2 | Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2, also known as Grb2, is an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction/cell communication. In humans, the GRB2 protein is encoded by the GRB2 gene.
The protein encoded by this gene binds receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20Lightning | Johnny Lightning is a brand of diecast model cars launched in 1969 by Topper Corporation (owner of the "Topper Toys" brand), similar to the hugely successful Mattel's Hot Wheels cars. Their claim to fame at that time was that they were extremely fast compared to other brands of die-cast cars. Their most important techn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Account | A Google Account is a user account that is required for access, authentication and authorization to certain online Google services. It is also often used as single sign-on for third party services.
Usage
A Google Account is required for Gmail, Google Hangouts, Google Meet and Blogger. Some Google products do not requi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylmalonyl-CoA%20mutase | Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (, MCM), mitochondrial, also known as methylmalonyl-CoA isomerase, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MUT gene. This vitamin B12-dependent enzyme catalyzes the isomerization of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA in humans. Mutations in MUT gene may lead to various types of methylmalon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-transfer%20torque | Spin-transfer torque (STT) is an effect in which the orientation of a magnetic layer in a magnetic tunnel junction or spin valve can be modified using a spin-polarized current.
Charge carriers (such as electrons) have a property known as spin which is a small quantity of angular momentum intrinsic to the carrier. An e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20ageing | Enquiry into the evolution of ageing, or aging, aims to explain why a detrimental process such as ageing would evolve, and why there is so much variability in the lifespans of organisms. The classical theories of evolution (mutation accumulation, antagonistic pleiotropy, and disposable soma) suggest that environmental ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicentric%20chromosome | A dicentric chromosome is an abnormal chromosome with two centromeres. It is formed through the fusion of two chromosome segments, each with a centromere, resulting in the loss of acentric fragments (lacking a centromere) and the formation of dicentric fragments. The formation of dicentric chromosomes has been attribut... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindley%27s%20paradox | Lindley's paradox is a counterintuitive situation in statistics in which the Bayesian and frequentist approaches to a hypothesis testing problem give different results for certain choices of the prior distribution. The problem of the disagreement between the two approaches was discussed in Harold Jeffreys' 1939 textbo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction%20unit | The instruction unit (I-unit or IU), also called, e.g., instruction fetch unit (IFU), instruction issue unit (IIU), instruction sequencing unit (ISU), in a central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for organizing program instructions to be fetched from memory, and executed, in an appropriate order, and for forwardin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraspanin | Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes also referred to as the transmembrane 4 superfamily (TM4SF) proteins. These proteins have four transmembrane alpha-helices and two extracellular domains, one short (called the small extracellular domain or loop, SED/SEL or EC1) and one... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft-body%20dynamics | Soft-body dynamics is a field of computer graphics that focuses on visually realistic physical simulations of the motion and properties of deformable objects (or soft bodies). The applications are mostly in video games and films. Unlike in simulation of rigid bodies, the shape of soft bodies can change, meaning that th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sextic%20equation | In algebra, a sextic (or hexic) polynomial is a polynomial of degree six.
A sextic equation is a polynomial equation of degree six—that is, an equation whose left hand side is a sextic polynomial and whose right hand side is zero. More precisely, it has the form:
where and the coefficients may be integers, rational... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache%20Hadoop | Apache Hadoop () is a collection of open-source software utilities that facilitates using a network of many computers to solve problems involving massive amounts of data and computation. It provides a software framework for distributed storage and processing of big data using the MapReduce programming model. Hadoop was... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol-based%20intrusion%20detection%20system | A protocol-based intrusion detection system (PIDS) is an intrusion detection system which is typically installed on a web server, and is used in the monitoring and analysis of the protocol in use by the computing system. A PIDS will monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol and will typically consist of a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crooks%20fluctuation%20theorem | The Crooks fluctuation theorem (CFT), sometimes known as the Crooks equation, is an equation in statistical mechanics that relates the work done on a system during a non-equilibrium transformation to the free energy difference between the final and the initial state of the transformation. During the non-equilibrium tra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Fairtrade%20Certification%20Mark | The 'International Fairtrede Certification Mark is an independent certification mark used in over 69 countries. It appears on products as an independent guarantee that a product has been produced according to Fairtrade political standards.
The Fairtrade Mark is owned and protected by Fairtrade International (FLO), on ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application%20protocol-based%20intrusion%20detection%20system | An application protocol-based intrusion detection system (APIDS) is an intrusion detection system that focuses its monitoring and analysis on a specific application protocol or protocols in use by the computing system.
Overview
An APIDS will monitor the dynamic behavior and state of the protocol and will typically co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed%20file%20library |
A compressed file library (CFL) is designed to work as a virtual file system for programs, especially for video games. By compressing various game resources into one file, it is able to lower the number of file accesses. The resources can also be encrypted in the CFL.
CFL is used by X-Forge, the multi-platform wire... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack%20surface | The attack surface of a software environment is the sum of the different points (for "attack vectors") where an unauthorized user (the "attacker") can try to enter data to, extract data, control a device or critical software in an environment. Keeping the attack surface as small as possible is a basic security measure.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Archival%20Information%20System | An Open Archival Information System (or OAIS) is an archive, consisting of an organization of people and systems, that has accepted the responsibility to preserve information and make it available for a Designated Community. The OAIS model can be applied to various archives, e.g., open access, closed, restricted, "dar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicode%20symbol | In computing, a Unicode symbol is a Unicode character which is not part of a script used to write a natural language, but is nonetheless available for use as part of a text.
Many of the symbols are drawn from existing character sets or ISO/IEC or other national and international standards. The Unicode Standard states ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20operators%20and%20symbols%20in%20Unicode | The Unicode Standard encodes almost all standard characters used in mathematics.
Unicode Technical Report #25 provides comprehensive information about the character repertoire, their properties, and guidelines for implementation.
Mathematical operators and symbols are in multiple Unicode blocks. Some of these blocks a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20artificial%20chromosome | A human artificial chromosome (HAC) is a microchromosome that can act as a new chromosome in a population of human cells. That is, instead of 46 chromosomes, the cell could have 47 with the 47th being very small, roughly 6–10megabases (Mb) in size instead of 50–250Mb for natural chromosomes, and able to carry new genes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Poynter | Jane Poynter is an American aerospace executive, author and speaker. She is founder, co-CEO and CXO of Space Perspective, a luxury space travel company. She was co-founder and former CEO of World View Enterprises, a private near-space exploration and technology company headquartered in Tucson, Arizona. Poynter was also... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%20banding | G-banding, G banding or Giemsa banding is a technique used in cytogenetics to produce a visible karyotype by staining condensed chromosomes. It is the most common chromosome banding method. It is useful for identifying genetic diseases (mainly chromosomal abnormalities) through the photographic representation of the en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20nitrogen%20unit | The protein nitrogen unit (PNU) measures the potency of the compounds used in allergy skin tests, and is equivalent to 0.01 microgram (µg) of phosphotungstic acid-precipitable protein nitrogen. Potency measurements depend on the measurement technique, so that results from different manufacturers cannot be reliably com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinkle%20%28software%29 | Twinkle is a free and open-source application for voice communications over Voice over IP (VoIP) protocol.
Architecture
It is designed for Linux operating systems and uses the Qt toolkit for its graphical user interface. For call signaling it employs the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). It also features direct IP-to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicuticular%20wax | Epicuticular wax is a waxy coating which covers the outer surface of the plant cuticle in land plants. It may form a whitish film or bloom on leaves, fruits and other plant organs. Chemically, it consists of hydrophobic organic compounds, mainly straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons with or without a variety of substit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20symbol | In mathematics, the Hilbert symbol or norm-residue symbol is a function (–, –) from K× × K× to the group of nth roots of unity in a local field K such as the fields of reals or p-adic numbers. It is related to reciprocity laws, and can be defined in terms of the Artin symbol of local class field theory. The Hilbert sym... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcellular%20localization | The cells of eukaryotic organisms are elaborately subdivided into functionally-distinct membrane-bound compartments. Some major constituents of eukaryotic cells are: extracellular space, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), peroxisome, vacuoles, cytoskeleton, n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular%20space | Extracellular space refers to the part of a multicellular organism outside the cells, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. This is distinguished from intracellular space, which is inside the cells.
The composition of the extracellular space includes metabolites, ions, proteins, and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBIST | Programmable Built-In Self-Test (PBIST) is a memory DFT feature that incorporates all the required test systems into the chip itself. The test systems implemented on-chip are as follows:
algorithmic address generator
algorithmic data generator
program storage unit
loop control mechanisms
PBIST was originally adopte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison%20shyness | Poison shyness, also called conditioned food aversion, is the avoidance of a toxic substance by an animal that has previously ingested that substance. Animals learn an association between stimulus characteristics, usually the taste or odor, of a toxic substance and the illness it produces; this allows them to detect an... |
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