source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fomivirsen
Fomivirsen (brand name Vitravene) is an antisense antiviral drug that was used in the treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMV) in immunocompromised patients, including those with AIDS. It was administered via intraocular injection. It was discovered at the NIH and was licensed and initially developed by Isis Phar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochalasin%20D
Cytochalasin D is a member of the class of mycotoxins known as cytochalasins. Cytochalasin D is an alkaloid produced by Helminthosporium and other molds. Cytochalasin D is a cell-permeable and potent inhibitor of actin polymerization. It disrupts actin microfilaments and activates the p53-dependent pathways causing ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/64%2C079
64079 is the twenty-third Lucas number and is thus often written as L23. It is significant for being the first Lucas number Ln where n is prime that is itself not prime, after L3=4. Other uses 64079 is the zip code of Platte City and Tracy, Missouri.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributive%20category
In mathematics, a category is distributive if it has finite products and finite coproducts and such that for every choice of objects , the canonical map is an isomorphism, and for all objects , the canonical map is an isomorphism (where 0 denotes the initial object). Equivalently, if for every object the endofunc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Graphics%20Interface
General Graphics Interface (GGI) was a project that aimed to develop a reliable, stable and fast computer graphics system that works everywhere. The intent was to allow for any program using GGI to run on any computing platform supported by it, requiring at most a recompilation. GGI is free and open-source software, s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%27s%20formula
In the mathematical field known as complex analysis, Jensen's formula, introduced by , relates the average magnitude of an analytic function on a circle with the number of its zeros inside the circle. It forms an important statement in the study of entire functions. Formal statement Suppose that is an analytic func...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20difference%20method
In numerical analysis, finite-difference methods (FDM) are a class of numerical techniques for solving differential equations by approximating derivatives with finite differences. Both the spatial domain and time interval (if applicable) are discretized, or broken into a finite number of steps, and the value of the sol...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor%20M2-PK
Tumor M2-PK is a synonym for the dimeric form of the pyruvate kinase isoenzyme type M2 (PKM2), a key enzyme within tumor metabolism. Tumor M2-PK can be elevated in many tumor types, rather than being an organ-specific tumor marker such as PSA. Increased stool (fecal) levels are being investigated as a method of screeni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call%20gate%20%28Intel%29
A call gate is a mechanism in Intel's x86 architecture for changing the privilege level of a process when it executes a predefined function call using a CALL FAR instruction. Overview Call gates are intended to allow less privileged code to call code with a higher privilege level. This type of mechanism is essential i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandwidth%20extension
Bandwidth extension of signal is defined as the deliberate process of expanding the frequency range (bandwidth) of a signal in which it contains an appreciable and useful content, and/or the frequency range in which its effects are such. Its significant advancement in recent years has led to the technology being adopte...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20hostility
Basic hostility is a psychological concept first described by psychoanalyst Karen Horney. Horney described it as aggression which a child develops as a result of "basic evil". Horney generally defines basic evil as "invariably the lack of genuine warmth and affection". Basic evil includes all range of inappropriate par...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/PYQ-10
The AN/PYQ-10 Simple Key Loader (SKL) is a ruggedized, portable, hand-held fill device, for securely receiving, storing, and transferring data between compatible cryptographic and communications equipment. The SKL was designed and built by Ralph Osterhout and then sold to Sierra Nevada Corporation, with software develo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7-Dehydrocholesterol%20reductase
7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase, also known as DHCR7, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DHCR7 gene. Function The protein encoded by this gene is an enzyme catalyzing the production of cholesterol from 7-Dehydrocholesterol using NADPH. The DHCR7 gene encodes delta-7-sterol reductase (EC 1.3.1.21), the ult...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlekamp%27s%20algorithm
In mathematics, particularly computational algebra, Berlekamp's algorithm is a well-known method for factoring polynomials over finite fields (also known as Galois fields). The algorithm consists mainly of matrix reduction and polynomial GCD computations. It was invented by Elwyn Berlekamp in 1967. It was the domina...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoperator
In physics, a superoperator is a linear operator acting on a vector space of linear operators. Sometimes the term refers more specially to a completely positive map which also preserves or does not increase the trace of its argument. This specialized meaning is used extensively in the field of quantum computing, espec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless%20supplicant
A Wireless Supplicant is a program that runs on a computer and is responsible for making login requests to a wireless network. It handles passing the login and encryption credentials to the authentication server. It also handles roaming from one wireless access point to another, in order to maintain connectivity. See ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppler%20echocardiography
Doppler echocardiography is a procedure that uses Doppler ultrasonography to examine the heart. An echocardiogram uses high frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart while the use of Doppler technology allows determination of the speed and direction of blood flow by utilizing the Doppler effect. An echocar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantor%E2%80%93Zassenhaus%20algorithm
In computational algebra, the Cantor–Zassenhaus algorithm is a method for factoring polynomials over finite fields (also called Galois fields). The algorithm consists mainly of exponentiation and polynomial GCD computations. It was invented by David G. Cantor and Hans Zassenhaus in 1981. It is arguably the dominant a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400
The XTS-400 is a multilevel secure computer operating system. It is multiuser and multitasking that uses multilevel scheduling in processing data and information. It works in networked environments and supports Gigabit Ethernet and both IPv4 and IPv6. The XTS-400 is a combination of Intel x86 hardware and the Secure T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codabar
Codabar is a linear barcode symbology developed in 1972 by Pitney Bowes Corp. It and its variants are also known as Codeabar, Ames Code, NW-7, Monarch, Code 2 of 7, Rationalized Codabar, ANSI/AIM BC3-1995 or USD-4. Although Codabar has not been registered for US federal trademark status, its hyphenated variant Code-a-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracoccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), also known as South American blastomycosis, is a fungal infection that can occur as a mouth and skin type, lymphangitic type, multi-organ involvement type (particularly lungs), or mixed type. If there are mouth ulcers or skin lesions, the disease is likely to be widespread. There may be no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Enigma%20double
A Polish Enigma "double" was a machine produced by the Polish Cipher Bureau that replicated the German Enigma rotor cipher machine. The Enigma double was one result of Marian Rejewski's remarkable achievement of determining the wiring of the Enigma's rotors and reflectors. First double The Polish Cipher Bureau recog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-amping%20and%20tri-amping
Bi-amping and tri-amping is the practice of using two or three audio amplifiers respectively to amplify different audio frequency ranges, with the amplified signals being routed to different speaker drivers, such as woofers, subwoofers and tweeters. With bi-amping and tri-amping, an audio crossover is used to divide a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic%20IDE
Cubic IDE is a modular development environment (IDE) for AmigaOS (versions 3.5 and 3.9 only) and MorphOS. Its central editor is GoldED 8, which supports file type centric configuration. The specific features for developers include syntax highlighting for several programming languages (e.g. Hollywood), folding, a symbo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap%20gene
A gap gene is a type of gene involved in the development of the segmented embryos of some arthropods. Gap genes are defined by the effect of a mutation in that gene, which causes the loss of contiguous body segments, resembling a gap in the normal body plan. Each gap gene, therefore, is necessary for the development of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torsten%20Carleman
Torsten Carleman (8 July 1892, Visseltofta, Osby Municipality – 11 January 1949, Stockholm), born Tage Gillis Torsten Carleman, was a Swedish mathematician, known for his results in classical analysis and its applications. As the director of the Mittag-Leffler Institute for more than two decades, Carleman was the most ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gheorghe%20Vr%C4%83nceanu
Gheorghe Vrănceanu (June 30, 1900 – April 27, 1979) was a Romanian mathematician, best known for his work in differential geometry and topology. He was titular member of the Romanian Academy and vice-president of the International Mathematical Union. Biography He was born in 1900 in Valea Hogei, then a village in Vasl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandbox%20%28software%20development%29
A sandbox is a testing environment that isolates untested code changes and outright experimentation from the production environment or repository, in the context of software development including Web development, Automation and revision control. Sandboxing protects "live" servers and their data, vetted source code dis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversion%20%28software%20development%29
In software development (and, by extension, in content-editing environments, especially wikis, that make use of the software development process of revision control), reversion or reverting is the abandonment of one or more recent changes in favor of a return to a previous version of the material at hand (typically sof...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20U.S.%20state%20poems
See also Lists of U.S. state insignia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20descriptive%20statistics
Spatial descriptive statistics is the intersection of spatial statistics and descriptive statistics; these methods are used for a variety of purposes in geography, particularly in quantitative data analyses involving Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Types of spatial data The simplest forms of spatial data are g...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20case
The index case or patient zero is the first documented patient in a disease epidemic within a population, or the first documented patient included in an epidemiological study. It can also refer to the first case of a condition or syndrome (not necessarily contagious) to be described in the medical literature, whether ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20Land
is a puzzle video game developed by Hudson Soft in 1983 for the MSX, FM-7, NEC PC-6001, NEC PC-8801, and in 1985 for the Famicom. The MSX version saw release in Japan by Hudson Soft and in Europe by Kuma Computers Ltd in 1984. While the Famicom version has 99 levels, there is no ending screen implemented in the game. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itsy%20Pocket%20Computer
The Itsy Pocket Computer is a small, low-power, handheld device with a highly flexible interface. It was designed at Digital Equipment Corporation's Western Research Laboratory to encourage novel user interface development—for example, it had accelerometers to detect movement and orientation as early as 1999. Hardware...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20colitis
Chemical colitis is a type of colitis, an inflammation of the large intestine or colon, caused by the introduction of harsh chemicals to the colon by an enema or other procedure. Chemical colitis can resemble ulcerative colitis, infectious colitis and pseudomembranous colitis endoscopically. Prior to 1950, hydrogen pe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swap%20%28computer%20programming%29
In computer programming, the act of swapping two variables refers to mutually exchanging the values of the variables. Usually, this is done with the data in memory. For example, in a program, two variables may be defined thus (in pseudocode): data_item x := 1 data_item y := 0 swap (x, y); After swap() is performed, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajika
Ajika or adjika, (, , is a Georgian and Abkhazian hot, spicy, but subtly flavored dip, often used to flavor food. In 2018, the technology of ajika was inscribed on the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Georgia list. Common varieties of ajika resemble Italian red pesto in appearance and consistency. Though it is usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20perception
The study of time perception or chronoception is a field within psychology, cognitive linguistics and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience, or sense, of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reversible-jump%20Markov%20chain%20Monte%20Carlo
In computational statistics, reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo is an extension to standard Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methodology, introduced by Peter Green, which allows simulation of the posterior distribution on spaces of varying dimensions. Thus, the simulation is possible even if the number of paramete...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20rectal%20vein
The inferior mesenteric vein begins in the rectum as the superior rectal vein (superior hemorrhoidal vein), which has its origin in the hemorrhoidal plexus, and through this plexus communicates with the middle and inferior hemorrhoidal veins. The superior rectal vein leaves the lesser pelvis and crosses the left commo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solitary%20lymphatic%20nodule
The Solitary lymphatic nodules (or solitary follicles) are structures found in the small intestine and large intestine. Small intestine The solitary lymphatic nodules are found scattered throughout the mucous membrane of the small intestine, but are most numerous in the lower part of the ileum. Their free surfaces ar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider%20behavior
Spider behavior refers to the range of behaviors and activities performed by spiders. Spiders are air-breathing arthropods that have eight legs and chelicerae with fangs that inject venom. They are the largest order of arachnids and rank seventh in total species diversity among all other groups of organisms which is r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Eastaway
Rob Eastaway is an English author. He is active in the popularisation of mathematics and was awarded the Zeeman medal in 2017 for excellence in the promotion of maths. He is best known for his books, including the bestselling Why Do Buses Come in Threes? and Maths for Mums and Dads. His first book was What is a Googl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pectoral%20fascia
The pectoral fascia is a thin lamina, covering the surface of the pectoralis major, and sending numerous prolongations between its fasciculi: it is attached, in the middle line, to the front of the sternum; above, to the clavicle; laterally and below it is continuous with the fascia of the shoulder, axilla, and thorax....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hericium%20erinaceus
Hericium erinaceus (also called lion's mane mushroom, mountain-priest mushroom, bearded tooth fungus, and bearded hedgehog) is an edible mushroom belonging to the tooth fungus group. Native to North America, Europe, and Asia, it can be identified by its long spines (longer than ), occurrence on hardwoods, and tendency ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web.com%20%281995%E2%80%932007%29
Web Internet LLC (and later Web.com Inc.) were formed in 1997 by Bill Bloomfield, then President of Web Service Company which was the second largest coin-operated laundry machine company in the U.S. and held a trademark on the "WEB" brand, resulting in the company's ownership of the Web.com domain. Web.com initially la...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Martelli
Alex Martelli (born October 5, 1955) is an Italian computer engineer and Fellow of the Python Software Foundation. Since early 2005, he works for Google, Inc. in Mountain View, California, for the first few years as "Über Tech Lead," then as "Senior Staff Engineer," currently in charge of "long tail" community support ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation
Fermentation is a metabolic process that produces chemical changes in organic substances through the action of enzymes. In biochemistry, it is narrowly defined as the extraction of energy from carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. In food production, it may more broadly refer to any process in which the activity of m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcendental%20equation
In applied mathematics, a transcendental equation is an equation over the real (or complex) numbers that is not algebraic, that is, if at least one of its sides describes a transcendental function. Examples include: A transcendental equation need not be an equation between elementary functions, although most published...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation%20in%20food%20processing
In food processing, fermentation is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohol or organic acids using microorganisms—yeasts or bacteria—under anaerobic (oxygen-free) conditions. Fermentation usually implies that the action of microorganisms is desired. The science of fermentation is known as zymology or zymurgy. The t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral%20entry
Viral entry is the earliest stage of infection in the viral life cycle, as the virus comes into contact with the host cell and introduces viral material into the cell. The major steps involved in viral entry are shown below. Despite the variation among viruses, there are several shared generalities concerning viral e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20engineering
Biological engineering or bioengineering is the application of principles of biology and the tools of engineering to create usable, tangible, economically viable products. Biological engineering employs knowledge and expertise from a number of pure and applied sciences, such as mass and heat transfer, kinetics, biocat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute%20muscle%20soreness
Acute muscle soreness (AMS) is the pain felt in muscles during and immediately, up to 24 hours, after strenuous physical exercise. The pain appears within a minute of contracting the muscle and it will disappear within two or three minutes or up to several hours after relaxing it. The following causes have been propos...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding%20potential
In pharmacokinetics and receptor-ligand kinetics the binding potential (BP) is a combined measure of the density of "available" neuroreceptors and the affinity of a drug to that neuroreceptor. Description Consider a ligand receptor binding system. Ligand with a concentration L associates with a receptor of concentrat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush%20border
A brush border (striated border or brush border membrane) is the microvillus-covered surface of simple cuboidal and simple columnar epithelium found in different parts of the body. Microvilli are approximately 100 nanometers in diameter and their length varies from approximately 100 to 2,000 nanometers. Because indivi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22q13%20deletion%20syndrome
22q13 deletion syndrome, also known as Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMS), is a genetic disorder caused by deletions or rearrangements on the q terminal end (long arm) of chromosome 22. Any abnormal genetic variation in the q13 region that presents with significant manifestations (phenotype) typical of a terminal deletion ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submental%20triangle
The submental triangle (or suprahyoid triangle) is a division of the anterior triangle of the neck. Boundaries It is limited to: Lateral (away from the midline), formed by the anterior belly of the digastricus Medial (towards the midline), formed by the midline of the neck between the mandible and the hyoid bone I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submandibular%20triangle
The submandibular triangle (or submaxillary or digastric triangle) corresponds to the region of the neck immediately beneath the body of the mandible. Boundaries and coverings It is bounded: above, by the lower border of the body of the mandible, and a line drawn from its angle to the mastoid process; below, by th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotid%20triangle
The carotid triangle (or superior carotid triangle) is a portion of the anterior triangle of the neck. Anatomy Boundaries It is bounded: Posteriorly by (the anterior border of) the sternocleidomastoid muscle, Anteroinferiorly by (the superior belly of) the omohyoid muscle. Superiorly by (the posterior belly of) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular%20triangle
The inferior carotid triangle (or muscular triangle), is bounded, in front, by the median line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternum; behind, by the anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid; above, by the superior belly of the omohyoid. It is covered by the integument, superficial fascia, platysma, and deep...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VistaPro
VistaPro is 3D scenery generator for the Amiga, Macintosh, MS-DOS, and Microsoft Windows. It was written by John Hinkley as the follow-up to the initial version, Vista. The about box describes it as "a 3-D landscape generator and projector capable of accurately displaying real-world and fractal landscapes." It was pub...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20recovery
In serial communication of digital data, clock recovery is the process of extracting timing information from a serial data stream itself, allowing the timing of the data in the stream to be accurately determined without separate clock information. It is widely used in data communications; the similar concept used in an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subclavian%20triangle
The subclavian triangle (or supraclavicular triangle, omoclavicular triangle, Ho's triangle), the smaller division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, above, by the inferior belly of the omohyoideus; below, by the clavicle; its base is formed by the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoideus. Its floor is forme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occipital%20triangle
The occipital triangle, the larger division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, in front, by the Sternocleidomastoideus; behind, by the Trapezius; below, by the Omohyoideus. Its floor is formed from above downward by the Splenius capitis, Levator scapulæ, and the Scalenus medius and posterior. It is covered by the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbiting%20Frog%20Otolith
The Orbiting Frog Otolith (OFO) was a NASA space program which sent two bullfrogs into orbit on 9 November 1970 for the study of weightlessness. The name, derived through common use, was a functional description of the biological experiment carried by the satellite. Otolith referred to the frog's inner ear balance mech...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biholomorphism
In the mathematical theory of functions of one or more complex variables, and also in complex algebraic geometry, a biholomorphism or biholomorphic function is a bijective holomorphic function whose inverse is also holomorphic. Formal definition Formally, a biholomorphic function is a function defined on an open subs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharitonov%27s%20theorem
Kharitonov's theorem is a result used in control theory to assess the stability of a dynamical system when the physical parameters of the system are not known precisely. When the coefficients of the characteristic polynomial are known, the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion can be used to check if the system is stable (...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vapour%20pressure%20of%20water
The vapor pressure of water is the pressure exerted by molecules of water vapor in gaseous form (whether pure or in a mixture with other gases such as air). The saturation vapor pressure is the pressure at which water vapor is in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed state. At pressures higher than vapor pressur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Lano
Kevin C. Lano (born 1963) is a British computer scientist. Life and work Kevin Lano studied at the University of Reading, attaining a first class degree in Mathematics and Computer Science, and the University of Bristol where he completed his doctorate. He was an originator of formal object-oriented techniques (Z++), ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontechnology
Gerontechnology, also called gerotechnology, is an inter- and multidisciplinary academic and professional field combining gerontology and technology. Sustainability of an aging society depends upon our effectiveness in creating technological environments, including assistive technology and inclusive design, for innovat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LG%20Display
LG Display (Korean: LG 디스플레이) is one of the world's largest manufacturers and supplier of thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panels, OLEDs and flexible displays. LG Display is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea, and currently operates nine fabrication facilities and seven back-end assembly facilitie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viremia
Viremia is a medical condition where viruses enter the bloodstream and hence have access to the rest of the body. It is similar to bacteremia, a condition where bacteria enter the bloodstream. The name comes from combining the word "virus" with the Greek word for "blood" (haima). It usually lasts for 4 to 5 days in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlates%20of%20immunity
Correlates of immunity or correlates of protection to a virus or other infectious pathogen are measurable signs that a person (or other potential host) is immune, in the sense of being protected against becoming infected and/or developing disease. For many viruses, antibodies and especially neutralizing antibodies se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursive%20indexing
Recursive indexing is an algorithm used to represent large numeric values using members of a relatively small set. Recursive indexing writes the successive differences of the number after extracting the maximum value of the alphabet set from the number, and continuing recursively till the difference falls in the range...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart%20Display
In computing, Smart Display (originally codenamed Mira) was a Microsoft initiative to use a portable touchscreen LCD monitor as a thin client for PCs, connecting via Wi-Fi. Smart Display was announced in early 2002, released in early 2003 and discontinued in December 2003, having never achieved more than negligible ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock%20drift
Clock drift refers to several related phenomena where a clock does not run at exactly the same rate as a reference clock. That is, after some time the clock "drifts apart" or gradually desynchronizes from the other clock. All clocks are subject to drift, causing eventual divergence unless resynchronized. In particular,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nullable%20type
Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type. In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fearsome%20critters
In North American folklore, fearsome critters were tall tale animals jokingly said to inhabit the wilderness in or around logging camps, especially in the Great Lakes region. Today, the term may also be applied to similar fabulous beasts. Origins Fearsome critters were an integral part of oral tradition in North Ame...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yum-Tong%20Siu
Yum-Tong Siu (; born May 6, 1943, in Guangzhou, China) is the William Elwood Byerly Professor of Mathematics at Harvard University. Siu is a prominent figure in the study of functions of several complex variables. His research interests involve the intersection of complex variables, differential geometry, and algebrai...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20vapor%20deposition
Physical vapor deposition (PVD), sometimes called physical vapor transport (PVT), describes a variety of vacuum deposition methods which can be used to produce thin films and coatings on substrates including metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers. PVD is characterized by a process in which the material transitions from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacket%20matrix
In mathematics, a jacket matrix is a square symmetric matrix of order n if its entries are non-zero and real, complex, or from a finite field, and where In is the identity matrix, and where T denotes the transpose of the matrix. In other words, the inverse of a jacket matrix is determined its element-wise or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipomoea%20cairica
Ipomoea cairica is a vining, herbaceous, perennial plant with palmate leaves and large, showy white to lavender flowers. A species of morning glory, it has many common names, including mile-a-minute vine, Messina creeper, Cairo morning glory, coast morning glory and railroad creeper. The species name cairica translates...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMOD
FMOD is a proprietary sound effects engine and authoring tool for video games and applications developed by Firelight Technologies. It is able to play and mix sounds of diverse formats on many operating systems. Features The FMOD sound system is supplied as a programmer's API and authoring tool, similar to a digital a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheuermann%27s%20disease
Scheuermann's disease is a self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood. Scheuermann's disease describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is, the posterior angle is often greater than the anterior. This uneven growth results in the signature "wedging" shape of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neglected%20tropical%20diseases
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of tropical infections that are common in low-income populations in developing regions of Africa, Asia, and the Americas. They are caused by a variety of pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and parasitic worms (helminths). These diseases are contrasted ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocognitron
The neocognitron is a hierarchical, multilayered artificial neural network proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima in 1979. It has been used for Japanese handwritten character recognition and other pattern recognition tasks, and served as the inspiration for convolutional neural networks. The neocognitron was inspired by the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEG-Y
The SEG-Y (sometimes SEG Y) file format is one of several standards developed by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) for storing geophysical data. It is an open standard, and is controlled by the SEG Technical Standards Committee, a non-profit organization. History The format was originally developed in 197...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Release%20factor
A release factor is a protein that allows for the termination of translation by recognizing the termination codon or stop codon in an mRNA sequence. They are named so because they release new peptides from the ribosome. Background During translation of mRNA, most codons are recognized by "charged" tRNA molecules, cal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernays%E2%80%93Sch%C3%B6nfinkel%20class
The Bernays–Schönfinkel class (also known as Bernays–Schönfinkel–Ramsey class) of formulas, named after Paul Bernays, Moses Schönfinkel and Frank P. Ramsey, is a fragment of first-order logic formulas where satisfiability is decidable. It is the set of sentences that, when written in prenex normal form, have an quant...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellfleet%20Communications
Wellfleet Communications was an Internet router company founded in 1986 by Paul Severino, Bill Seifert, Steven Willis and David Rowe based in Bedford, Massachusetts, and later Billerica, Massachusetts. In an attempt to more effectively compete with Cisco Systems, its chief rival, it merged in October, 1994 with SynOpt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-factor%20%28physics%29
A g-factor (also called g value) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes the magnetic moment and angular momentum of an atom, a particle or the nucleus. It is essentially a proportionality constant that relates the different observed magnetic moments μ of a particle to their angular momentum quantum numbers and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exoticorum%20libri%20decem
Exoticorum libri decem ("Ten books of exotic life forms") is an illustrated zoological and botanical compendium in Latin, published at Leiden in 1605 by Charles de l'Écluse. On the title page the author's name appears in its well-known Latin form Carolus Clusius. The full title is: Exoticorum libri decem, quibus anima...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamyl%20alcohol
Cinnamyl alcohol or styron is an organic compound that is found in esterified form in storax, Balsam of Peru, and cinnamon leaves. It forms a white crystalline solid when pure, or a yellow oil when even slightly impure. It can be produced by the hydrolysis of storax. Cinnamyl alcohol has a distinctive odour described...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitrii%20Menshov
Dmitrii Yevgenyevich Menshov (also spelled Men'shov, Menchoff, Menšov, Menchov; ; 18 April 1892 – 25 November 1988) was a Soviet and Russian mathematician known for his contributions to the theory of trigonometric series. Biography Dmitrii Menshov studied languages as a schoolboy, but from the age of 13 he began to sh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilateral%20key%20exchange
Bilateral key exchange (BKE) was an encryption scheme utilized by the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). The scheme was retired on January 1, 2009 and has now been replaced by the Relationship Management Application (RMA). All key management is now based on the SWIFT PKI that was impl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav%20Lopatynskyi
Yaroslav Borysovych Lopatynskyi (1906–1981) was a Soviet mathematician. Born in Tbilisi, Lopatinskii acquired wide acclaim for his contributions to the theory of differential equations. He is especially known for his condition of stability for boundary-value problems in elliptic equations and for initial boundary-value...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hansken
Hansken (1630 – Florence, 9 November 1655) was a female Sri Lankan elephant that became famous in early 17th-century Europe. She toured many countries, demonstrating circus tricks, and influenced many artists including Stefano della Bella, Theodoor van Thulden and notably, Rembrandt. Hansken was born in what was then...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux
Linux ( ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of wh...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20Basic%20%28classic%29
The original Visual Basic (also referred to as Classic Visual Basic) is a third-generation event-driven programming language from Microsoft known for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008. Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel-based%20morphometry
Voxel-based morphometry is a computational approach to neuroanatomy that measures differences in local concentrations of brain tissue, through a voxel-wise comparison of multiple brain images. In traditional morphometry, volume of the whole brain or its subparts is measured by drawing regions of interest (ROIs) on ima...