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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum%20operator | In quantum mechanics, the momentum operator is the operator associated with the linear momentum. The momentum operator is, in the position representation, an example of a differential operator. For the case of one particle in one spatial dimension, the definition is:
where is Planck's reduced constant, the imaginary... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20earpiece | A crystal earpiece is a type of piezoelectric earphone, producing sound by using a piezoelectric crystal, a material that changes its shape when electricity is applied to it. It is usually designed to plug into the ear canal of the user.
Operation
A crystal earpiece typically consists of a piezoelectric crystal with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete%20security | In cryptography, concrete security or exact security is a practice-oriented approach that aims to give more precise estimates of the computational complexities of adversarial tasks than polynomial equivalence would allow. It quantifies the security of a cryptosystem by bounding the probability of success for an adversa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20thermal%20expansion | Negative thermal expansion (NTE) is an unusual physicochemical process in which some materials contract upon heating, rather than expand as most other materials do. The most well-known material with NTE is water at 0 to 3.98 °C. Also, the density of water ice is smaller than the density of liquid water. Water's NTE is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20angle | The magic angle is a precisely defined angle, the value of which is approximately 54.7356°. The magic angle is a root of a second-order Legendre polynomial, , and so any interaction which depends on this second-order Legendre polynomial vanishes at the magic angle. This property makes the magic angle of particular imp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexol | In chemistry, hexol is a cation with formula {[Co(NH3)4(OH)2]3Co}6+ — a coordination complex consisting of four cobalt cations in oxidation state +3, twelve ammonia molecules , and six hydroxy anions , with a net charge of +6. The hydroxy groups act as bridges between the central cobalt atom and the other three, which... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20element%20method | The analytic element method (AEM) is a numerical method used for the solution of partial differential equations. It was initially developed by O.D.L. Strack at the University of Minnesota. It is similar in nature to the boundary element method (BEM), as it does not rely upon the discretization of volumes or areas in th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wirehead%20%28science%20fiction%29 | Wireheading is a term associated with fictional or futuristic applications of brain stimulation reward, the act of directly triggering the brain's reward center by electrical stimulation of an inserted wire, for the purpose of 'short-circuiting' the brain's normal reward process and artificially inducing pleasure. Scie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic%20mean%20temperature%20difference | In thermal engineering, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is used to determine the temperature driving force for heat transfer in flow systems, most notably in heat exchangers. The LMTD is a logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold feeds at each end of the double pipe ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Bulli | El Bulli () was a restaurant near the town of Roses, Spain, run by chef Ferran Adrià, later joined by Albert Adrià, and renowned for its modernist cuisine. Established in 1964, the restaurant overlooked Cala Montjoi, a bay on the Costa Brava of Catalonia. El Bulli held three Michelin stars and was described as "the mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Vista | Windows Vista is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It was released to manufacturing on November 8, 2006, and became generally available on January 30, 2007, on the Windows Marketplace, the first release of Windows to be made available through a digital distribution platform. Vista succeeded Wi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terror%20management%20theory | Terror management theory (TMT) is both a social and evolutionary psychology theory originally proposed by Jeff Greenberg, Sheldon Solomon, and Tom Pyszczynski and codified in their book The Worm at the Core: On the Role of Death in Life (2015). It proposes that a basic psychological conflict results from having a self-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20cone | A Taylor cone refers to the cone observed in electrospinning, electrospraying and hydrodynamic spray processes from which a jet of charged particles emanates above a threshold voltage. Aside from electrospray ionization in mass spectrometry, the Taylor cone is important in field-emission electric propulsion (FEEP) and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume%20tectonics | Plume tectonics is a geoscientific theory that finds its roots in the mantle doming concept which was especially popular during the 1930s and initially did not accept major plate movements and continental drifting. It has survived from the 1970s until today in various forms and presentations. It has slowly evolved into... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/179%20%28number%29 | 179 (one hundred [and] seventy-nine) is the natural number following 178 and preceding 180.
In mathematics
179 is part of the Cunningham chain of prime numbers 89, 179, 359, 719, 1439, 2879, in which each successive number is two times the previous number, plus one. Among Cunningham chains of this length, this one has... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gofio | Gofio is a sort of Canarian flour made from roasted grains (typically wheat or certain varieties of maize) or other starchy plants (e.g. beans and, historically, fern root), some varieties containing a little added salt. Gofio has been an important ingredient in Canarian cooking for some time, and Canarian emigrants ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/181%20%28number%29 | 181 (one hundred [and] eighty-one) is the natural number following 180 and preceding 182.
In mathematics
181 is an odd number
181 is a centered number
181 is a centered pentagonal number
181 is a centered 12-gonal number
181 is a centered 18-gonal number
181 is a centered 30-gonal number
181 is a centered squar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/191%20%28number%29 | 191 (one hundred [and] ninety-one) is the natural number following 190 and preceding 192.
In mathematics
191 is a prime number, part of a prime quadruplet of four primes: 191, 193, 197, and 199. Because doubling and adding one produces another prime number (383), 191 is a Sophie Germain prime. It is the smallest prime... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/193%20%28number%29 | 193 (one hundred [and] ninety-three) is the natural number following 192 and preceding 194.
In mathematics
193 is the number of compositions of 14 into distinct parts. In decimal, it is the seventeenth full repetend prime, or long prime.
It is the only odd prime known for which 2 is not a primitive root of .
It... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20parameter | In cryptography, a security parameter is a way of measuring of how "hard" it is for an adversary to break a cryptographic scheme. There are two main types of security parameter: computational and statistical, often denoted by and , respectively. Roughly speaking, the computational security parameter is a measure for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/197%20%28number%29 | 197 (one hundred [and] ninety-seven) is the natural number following 196 and preceding 198.
In mathematics
197 is a prime number, the third of a prime quadruplet: 191, 193, 197, 199
197 is the smallest prime number that is the sum of 7 consecutive primes: 17 + 19 + 23 + 29 + 31 + 37 + 41, and is the sum of the first... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/199%20%28number%29 | 199 (one hundred [and] ninety-nine) is the natural number following 198 and preceding 200.
In mathematics
199 is a centered triangular number.
It is a prime number and the fourth part of a prime quadruplet: 191, 193, 197, 199.
199 is the smallest natural number that takes more than two iterations to compute its digi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island%20restoration | The ecological restoration of islands, or island restoration, is the application of the principles of ecological restoration to islands and island groups. Islands, due to their isolation, are home to many of the world's endemic species, as well as important breeding grounds for seabirds and some marine mammals. Their e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannie%20Heineman%20Prize%20for%20Astrophysics | The Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics is jointly awarded each year by the American Astronomical Society and American Institute of Physics for outstanding work in astrophysics. It is funded by the Heineman Foundation in honour of Dannie Heineman.
Recipients
Source: AAS
See also
Dannie Heineman Prize for Mathemat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface%20Message%20Processor | The Interface Message Processor (IMP) was the packet switching node used to interconnect participant networks to the ARPANET from the late 1960s to 1989. It was the first generation of gateways, which are known today as routers. An IMP was a ruggedized Honeywell DDP-516 minicomputer with special-purpose interfaces and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20R.%20Steel | John Robert Steel (born October 30, 1948) is an American set theorist at University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA). He has made many contributions to the theory of inner models and determinacy. With Donald A. Martin, he proved projective determinacy, assuming the existence of sufficient large cardinals. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiannis%20N.%20Moschovakis | Yiannis Nicholas Moschovakis (; born January 18, 1938) is a set theorist, descriptive set theorist, and recursion (computability) theorist, at UCLA.
His book Descriptive Set Theory (North-Holland) is the primary reference for the subject. He is especially associated with the development of the effective, or lightface,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Heylighen | Francis Paul Heylighen (born 27 September 1960) is a Belgian cyberneticist investigating the emergence and evolution of intelligent organization. He presently works as a research professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (the Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels), where he directs the transdisciplinary "Center ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longwood%20Medical%20and%20Academic%20Area | The Longwood Medical and Academic Area (also known as Longwood Medical Area, LMA, or simply Longwood) is a medical campus in Boston, Massachusetts. Flanking Longwood Avenue, LMA is adjacent to the Fenway–Kenmore, Audubon Circle, and Mission Hill neighborhoods, as well as the town of Brookline.
It is most strongly asso... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20iliac%20vein | In human anatomy, the common iliac veins are formed by the external iliac veins and internal iliac veins. The left and right common iliac veins come together in the abdomen at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, forming the inferior vena cava. They drain blood from the pelvis and lower limbs.
Both common iliac ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prochirality | In stereochemistry, prochiral molecules are those that can be converted from achiral to chiral in a single step. An achiral species which can be converted to a chiral in two steps is called proprochiral.
If two identical substituents are attached to a sp3-hybridized atom, the descriptors pro-R and pro-S are used to di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetically%20modified%20crops | Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. Plant genomes can be engineered by physical methods or by use of Agrobacterium for the delivery of sequences hosted in T-DNA binary vectors. In most cases, the aim is to introduce ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20S.%20Kechris | Alexander Sotirios Kechris (; born March 23, 1946) is a set theorist and logician at the California Institute of Technology.
Contributions
Kechris has made contributions to the theory of Borel equivalence relations and the theory of automorphism groups of uncountable structures. His research interests cover foundation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaric | An agaric () is a type of fungus fruiting body characterized by the presence of a pileus (cap) that is clearly differentiated from the stipe (stalk), with lamellae (gills) on the underside of the pileus. In the UK, agarics are called "mushrooms" or "toadstools". In North America they are typically called "gilled mushr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predictive%20learning | Predictive learning is a technique of machine learning in which an agent tries to build a model of its environment by trying out different actions in various circumstances. It uses knowledge of the effects its actions appear to have, turning them into planning operators. These allow the agent to act purposefully in its... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20dimension | In ring theory and homological algebra, the global dimension (or global homological dimension; sometimes just called homological dimension) of a ring A denoted gl dim A, is a non-negative integer or infinity which is a homological invariant of the ring. It is defined to be the supremum of the set of projective dimensio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesse%20Sullivan | Jesse Sullivan (born c. 1966) is an American electrician best known for operating a fully robotic limb through a nerve-muscle graft, making him one of the first non-fictional cyborgs.
His bionic arm, a prototype developed by the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, differs from most other prostheses, in that it does n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-dragging%20effects | In 19th century physics, there were several situations in which the motion of matter might be said to drag light. This aether drag hypothesis was an attempt by classical physics to explain stellar aberration and the Fizeau experiment, but was discarded when Albert Einstein introduced his theory of relativity. Despite t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20variation%20search | Principal variation search (sometimes equated with the practically identical NegaScout) is a negamax algorithm that can be faster than alpha–beta pruning. Like alpha–beta pruning, NegaScout is a directional search algorithm for computing the minimax value of a node in a tree. It dominates alpha–beta pruning in the sens... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degenerate%20energy%20levels | In quantum mechanics, an energy level is degenerate if it corresponds to two or more different measurable states of a quantum system. Conversely, two or more different states of a quantum mechanical system are said to be degenerate if they give the same value of energy upon measurement. The number of different states c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Docking%20%28molecular%29 | In the field of molecular modeling, docking is a method which predicts the preferred orientation of one molecule to a second when a ligand and a target are bound to each other to form a stable complex. Knowledge of the preferred orientation in turn may be used to predict the strength of association or binding affinity ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square%20principle | In mathematical set theory, a square principle is a combinatorial principle asserting the existence of a cohering sequence of
short closed unbounded (club) sets so that no one (long) club set coheres with them all. As such they may be viewed as a kind of
incompactness phenomenon. They were introduced by Ronald Jense... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime%20sulfur | In horticulture, lime sulphur (American spelling lime sulfur) is mainly a mixture of calcium polysulfides and thiosulfate (plus other reaction by-products as sulfite and sulfate) formed by reacting calcium hydroxide with elemental sulfur, used in pest control. It can be prepared by boiling in water a suspension of poor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlases%20of%20the%20flora%20and%20fauna%20of%20Britain%20and%20Ireland | The biodiversity of Great Britain and Ireland is one of the most well-studied geographical areas of its size in the world. This biota work has resulted in the publication of distribution atlases for many taxonomic groups. This page lists these publications.
A full atlas is generally regarded as a definitive work on d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ACARS | In aviation, ACARS (; an acronym for Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System) is a digital datalink system for transmission of short messages between aircraft and ground stations via airband radio or satellite. The protocol was designed by ARINC and deployed in 1978, using the Telex format. More ACARS r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20flags | The Department of Canadian Heritage lays out protocol guidelines for the display of flags, including an order of precedence; these instructions are only conventional, however, and are generally intended to show respect for what are considered important symbols of the state or institutions. The sovereign's personal stan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence%20transformation | In mathematics, a sequence transformation is an operator acting on a given space of sequences (a sequence space). Sequence transformations include linear mappings such as convolution with another sequence, and resummation of a sequence and, more generally, are commonly used for series acceleration, that is, for improvi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaricus%20subrufescens | Agaricus subrufescens (syn. Agaricus blazei, Agaricus brasiliensis or Agaricus rufotegulis) is a species of mushroom, commonly known as almond mushroom, almond agaricus, mushroom of the sun, God's mushroom, mushroom of life, royal sun agaricus, jisongrong, or himematsutake (Chinese: , Japanese: , "princess matsutake") ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/211%20%28number%29 | 211 (two hundred [and] eleven) is the natural number following 210 and preceding 212. It is also a prime number.
In mathematics
211 is an odd number.
211 is a primorial prime, the sum of three consecutive primes (), a Chen prime, a centered decagonal prime, and a self prime.
211 is the smallest prime separated by ei... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phospholamban | Phospholamban, also known as PLN or PLB, is a micropeptide protein that in humans is encoded by the PLN gene. Phospholamban is a 52-amino acid integral membrane protein that regulates the calcium (Ca2+) pump in cardiac muscle cells.
Function
This protein is found as a pentamer and is a major substrate for the cAMP-d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudoholomorphic%20curve | In mathematics, specifically in topology and geometry, a pseudoholomorphic curve (or J-holomorphic curve) is a smooth map from a Riemann surface into an almost complex manifold that satisfies the Cauchy–Riemann equation. Introduced in 1985 by Mikhail Gromov, pseudoholomorphic curves have since revolutionized the study ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Case%20presentation | A case presentation is a formal communication between health care professionals such as doctors and nurses regarding a patient's clinical information.
Essential parts of a case presentation include:
Identification
Reason for consultation/admission
Chief complaints (CC) - what made patients seek medical attention.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-shrinking%20generator | A self-shrinking generator is a pseudorandom generator that is based on the shrinking generator concept. Variants of the self-shrinking generator based on a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) are studied for use in cryptography.
Algorithm
In difference to the shrinking generator, which uses a second feedback shift... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle%20Whip | Miracle Whip is a condiment manufactured by Kraft Heinz and sold throughout the United States and Canada. It is also sold by Mondelēz International (formerly also Kraft Foods) as "Miracel Whip" throughout Germany. It was developed as a less expensive alternative to mayonnaise in 1933.
History
Premiering at the Century... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odonata%20Records%20Committee | The Odonata Records Committee is the recognised national body which verifies records of rare vagrant dragonflies in Britain.
It was set up in 1998 and consists of six members. Its chairman is Adrian Parr.
Decisions on records are published in Atropos and the Journal of the British Dragonfly Society. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20%28medicine%29 | Zebra is the American medical slang for arriving at a surprising, often exotic, medical diagnosis when a more commonplace explanation is more likely. It is shorthand for the aphorism coined in the late 1940s by Theodore Woodward, professor at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, who instructed his medical in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelokathexis | Myelokathexis is a congenital disorder of the white blood cells that causes severe, chronic leukopenia (a reduction of circulating white blood cells) and neutropenia (a reduction of neutrophil granulocytes). The disorder is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Myelokathexis refers to retention (kat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missing%20dollar%20riddle | The missing dollar riddle is a famous riddle that involves an informal fallacy. It dates to at least the 1930s, although similar puzzles are much older.
Statement
Although the wording and specifics can vary, the puzzle runs along these lines:
Three guests check into a hotel room. The manager says the bill is $30, so ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glazed%20architectural%20terra-cotta | Glazed architectural terra cotta is a ceramic masonry building material used as a decorative skin. It featured widely in the 'terracotta revival' from the 1880s until the 1930s. It was used in the UK, United States, Canada and Australia and is still one of the most common building materials found in U.S. urban environm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Eidolon | The Eidolon was one of two games that were part of Lucasfilm Games' second wave in December 1985. The other was Koronis Rift. Both took advantage of the fractal technology developed for Rescue on Fractalus!, further enhancing it. In The Eidolon, Rescue'''s fractal mountains were turned upside down and became the inside... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gular%20skin | Gular skin (throat skin), in ornithology, is an area of featherless skin on birds that joins the lower mandible of the beak (or bill) to the bird's neck. Other vertebrate taxa may have a comparable anatomical structure that is referred to as either a gular sac, throat sac, vocal sac or gular fold.
In birds
Gular ski... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koronis%20Rift | Koronis Rift is a 1985 computer game from Lucasfilm Games. It was produced and designed by Noah Falstein. Originally developed for the Atari 8-bit family and the Commodore 64, Koronis Rift was ported to the Amstrad CPC, Apple II, MSX2, Tandy Color Computer 3, and ZX Spectrum.
The Atari and C64 version shipped on a fl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20deLeeuw | Karel deLeeuw, or de Leeuw ( – ), was a mathematics professor at Stanford University, specializing in harmonic analysis and functional analysis.
Life and career
Born in Chicago, Illinois, he attended the Illinois Institute of Technology and the University of Chicago, earning a B.S. degree in 1950. He stayed at Chicago... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rietveld%20refinement | Rietveld refinement is a technique described by Hugo Rietveld for use in the characterisation of crystalline materials. The neutron and X-ray diffraction of powder samples results in a pattern characterised by reflections (peaks in intensity) at certain positions. The height, width and position of these reflections can... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/223%20%28number%29 | 223 (two hundred [and] twenty-three) is the natural number following 222 and preceding 224.
In mathematics
223 is a prime number. Among the 720 permutations of the numbers from 1 to 6, exactly 223 of them have the property that at least one of the numbers is fixed in place by the permutation and the numbers less than... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/227%20%28number%29 | 227 (two hundred [and] twenty-seven) is the natural number between 226 and 228. It is also a prime number.
In mathematics
227 is a twin prime and the start of a prime triplet (with 229 and 233). It is a safe prime, as dividing it by two and rounding down produces the Sophie Germain prime 113. It is also a regular prim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20combinatory%20logic | Binary combinatory logic (BCL) is a computer programming language that uses binary terms 0 and 1 to create a complete formulation of combinatory logic using only the symbols 0 and 1. Using the S and K combinators, complex boolean algebra functions can be made. BCL has applications in the theory of program-size complexi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Challenges | Grand Challenges are difficult but important problems set by various institutions or professions to encourage solutions or advocate for the application of government or philanthropic funds especially in the most highly developed economies and
Grand challenges are more than ordinary research questions or priorities, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20peroxides | In organic chemistry, organic peroxides are organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (). If the R′ is hydrogen, the compounds are called hydroperoxides, which are discussed in that article. The O−O bond of peroxides easily breaks, producing free radicals of the form (the dot represents an unpaired el... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilic%20vein | The basilic vein is a large superficial vein of the upper limb that helps drain parts of the hand and forearm. It originates on the medial (ulnar) side of the dorsal venous network of the hand and travels up the base of the forearm, where its course is generally visible through the skin as it travels in the subcutaneou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolgardie%20safe | The Coolgardie safe is a low-tech food storage unit, using evaporative cooling to prolong the life of whatever edibles are kept in it. It applies the basic principle of heat transfer which occurs during evaporation of water (see latent heat and heat of evaporation). It was named after the place where it was invented – ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbein | Eisbein (literally: 'ice bone') is a German culinary dish of ham hock, usually cured and slightly boiled. The German-language name has associations with the practice of using a pig's leg-bone for ice skating. In southern parts of Germany, the common preparation is known as Schweinshaxe, and it is usually roasted. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covering%20system | In mathematics, a covering system (also called a complete residue system) is a collection
of finitely many residue classes
whose union contains every integer.
Examples and definitions
The notion of covering system was introduced by Paul Erdős in the early 1930s.
The following are examples of covering systems:
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller%20calculus | Mueller calculus is a matrix method for manipulating Stokes vectors, which represent the polarization of light. It was developed in 1943 by Hans Mueller. In this technique, the effect of a particular optical element is represented by a Mueller matrix—a 4×4 matrix that is an overlapping generalization of the Jones matri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure%20with%20a%20twist | Closure with a twist is a property of subsets of an algebraic structure. A subset of an algebraic structure is said to exhibit closure with a twist if for every two elements
there exists an automorphism of and an element such that
where "" is notation for an operation on preserved by .
Two examples of algebr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leaf%20area%20index | Leaf area index (LAI) is a dimensionless quantity that characterizes plant canopies. It is defined as the one-sided green leaf area per unit ground surface area (LAI = leaf area / ground area, m2 / m2) in broadleaf canopies. In conifers, three definitions for LAI have been used:
Half of the total needle surface area p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential-linear%20attack | Introduced by Martin Hellman and Susan K. Langford in 1994, the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis.
The attack utilises a differential characteristic over part of the cipher with a probability of 1 (for a few rounds—this probability would be much lower for t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-diagonal%20matrix | In mathematics, an anti-diagonal matrix is a square matrix where all the entries are zero except those on the diagonal going from the lower left corner to the upper right corner (↗), known as the anti-diagonal (sometimes Harrison diagonal, secondary diagonal, trailing diagonal, minor diagonal, off diagonal or bad diago... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Console%20%28computer%20games%29 | A console is a command line interface where the personal computer game's settings and variables can be edited while the game is running. Consoles also usually display a log of warnings, errors, and other messages produced during the program's execution. Typically it can be toggled on or off and appears over the normal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trip-a-Tron | Trip-a-Tron is a light synthesizer written by Jeff Minter and published through his Llamasoft company in 1988. It was originally written for the Atari ST and later ported to the Amiga in 1990 by Andy Fowler.
Description
Trip-A-Tron was released as shareware, but also came in a commercial package with a 3-ring-bound ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20ether%20theory | What is now often called Lorentz ether theory (LET) has its roots in Hendrik Lorentz's "theory of electrons", which marked the end of the development of the classical aether theories at the end of the 19th and at the beginning of the 20th century.
Lorentz's initial theory was created between 1892 and 1895 and was base... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinhart%E2%80%93Hart%20equation | The Steinhart–Hart equation is a model of the resistance of a semiconductor at different temperatures. The equation is
where
is the temperature (in kelvins),
is the resistance at (in ohms),
, , and are the Steinhart–Hart coefficients, which vary depending on the type and model of thermistor and the temperatur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20interferometer | An acoustic interferometer is an instrument that uses interferometry to measure the physical characteristics of sound waves in a gas or liquid. It may be used to measure velocity, wavelength, absorption, or impedance of the sound waves. The principle of operation is that a vibrating crystal creates ultrasonic waves tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date-plum | Diospyros lotus, with common names date-plum, Caucasian persimmon, or lilac persimmon, is a widely cultivated species of the genus Diospyros, native to subtropical southwest Asia and southeast Europe. Its English name derives from the small fruit, which have a taste reminiscent of both plums and dates. It is among the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith%27s%20Prize | Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769. Following the reorganization in 1998, they are now awarded under the names Smith-Knight Prize and Rayleigh-Knight Prize.
History
The Smith Prize f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%20Mouse%20Clubhouse | Mickey Mouse Clubhouse is an American interactive animated television series which was the first Mickey Mouse and computer-animated program for preschoolers. Produced by Disney Television Animation, the series was created by Disney veteran Bobs Gannaway. The series originally aired 125 episodes from May 5, 2006, to Nov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity%20solution | In mathematics, the viscosity solution concept was introduced in the early 1980s by Pierre-Louis Lions and Michael G. Crandall as a generalization of the classical concept of what is meant by a 'solution' to a partial differential equation (PDE). It has been found that the viscosity solution is the natural solution co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paravector | The name paravector is used for the combination of a scalar and a vector in any Clifford algebra, known as geometric algebra among physicists.
This name was given by J. G. Maks in a doctoral dissertation at Technische Universiteit Delft, Netherlands, in 1989.
The complete algebra of paravectors along with correspondi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PCB%20NC%20formats | PCB NC drill files convey PCB drilling and routing information. The NC formats were originally designed by CNC drill and route machine vendors as proprietary input formats for their equipment, and are known under their company name: Excellon, Hitachi, Sieb & Meyer, Posalux, etc. These formats are similar as they are ba... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSTR-DT | KSTR-DT (channel 49) is a television station licensed to Irving, Texas, United States, broadcasting the Spanish-language UniMás network to the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. It is owned and operated by TelevisaUnivision alongside Garland-licensed Univision owned-and-operated station KUVN-DT (channel 23). Both stations sh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murderous%20Maths | Murderous Maths is a series of British educational books by author Kjartan Poskitt. Most of the books in the series are illustrated by illustrator Philip Reeve, with the exception of "The Secret Life of Codes", which is illustrated by Ian Baker, "Awesome Arithmetricks" illustrated by Daniel Postgate and Rob Davis, and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gromov%E2%80%93Witten%20invariant | In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superfecundation | Superfecundation is the fertilization of two or more ova from the same cycle by sperm from separate acts of sexual intercourse, which can lead to twin babies from two separate biological fathers. The term superfecundation is derived from fecund, meaning able to produce offspring. Homopaternal superfecundation is fertil... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20Parallel%20Sysplex | In computing, a Parallel Sysplex is a cluster of IBM mainframes acting together as a single system image with z/OS. Used for disaster recovery, Parallel Sysplex combines data sharing and parallel computing to allow a cluster of up to 32 systems to share a workload for high performance and high availability.
Sysplex
I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20partition | A logical partition (LPAR) is a subset of a computer's hardware resources, virtualized as a separate computer. In effect, a physical machine can be partitioned into multiple logical partitions, each hosting a separate instance of an operating system.
PR/SM
Formally, LPAR designates the mode of operation or an individu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight | Daylight is the combination of all direct and indirect sunlight during the daytime. This includes direct sunlight, diffuse sky radiation, and (often) both of these reflected by Earth and terrestrial objects, like landforms and buildings. Sunlight scattered or reflected by astronomical objects is generally not considere... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-tubule | T-tubules (transverse tubules) are extensions of the cell membrane that penetrate into the center of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. With membranes that contain large concentrations of ion channels, transporters, and pumps, T-tubules permit rapid transmission of the action potential into the cell, and also play an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana%20%28supercomputer%29 | Kalpana was a supercomputer at NASA Ames Research Center operated by the NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division and named in honor of astronaut Kalpana Chawla, who was killed in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster and had worked as an engineer at Ames Research Center prior to joining the Space Shuttle program. It ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross%20anatomy | Gross anatomy is the study of anatomy at the visible or macroscopic level. The counterpart to gross anatomy is the field of histology, which studies microscopic anatomy. Gross anatomy of the human body or other animals seeks to understand the relationship between components of an organism in order to gain a greater app... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalpana%2C%20Inc. | Kalpana, Inc., was a computer-networking equipment manufacturer located in Silicon Valley which operated during the 1980s and 1990s. Its co-founders, Vinod Bhardwaj, an entrepreneur of Indian origin, and Larry Blair named the company after Bhardwaj's wife, Kalpana, whose name means "imagination" in Sanskrit. Charles G... |
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