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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20modelling | Empirical modelling refers to any kind of (computer) modelling based on empirical observations rather than on mathematically describable relationships of the system modelled.
Empirical Modelling
Empirical Modelling as a variety of empirical modelling
Empirical modelling is a generic term for activities that create m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methyl%20benzoate | Methyl benzoate is an organic compound. It is an ester with the chemical formula C6H5CO2CH3. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water, but miscible with organic solvents. Methyl benzoate has a pleasant smell, strongly reminiscent of the fruit of the feijoa tree, and it is used in perfumery. It also ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valiant%E2%80%93Vazirani%20theorem | The Valiant–Vazirani theorem is a theorem in computational complexity theory stating that if there is a polynomial time algorithm for Unambiguous-SAT, then NP = RP. It was proven by Leslie Valiant and Vijay Vazirani in their paper titled NP is as easy as detecting unique solutions published in 1986. The proof is based... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angular%20diameter%20distance | In astronomy, angular diameter distance is a distance defined in terms of an object's physical size, , and its angular size, , as viewed from Earth:
Cosmology dependence
The angular diameter distance depends on the assumed cosmology of the universe. The angular diameter distance to an object at redshift, , is express... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%20normalization%20lemma | In mathematics, the Noether normalization lemma is a result of commutative algebra, introduced by Emmy Noether in 1926. It states that for any field k, and any finitely generated commutative k-algebra A, there exist algebraically independent elements y1, y2, ..., yd in A such that A is a finitely generated module over ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20daughter%20card | The mobile daughter card, also known as an MDC or CDC (communications daughter card), is a notebook version of the AMR slot on the motherboard of a desktop computer. It is designed to interface with special Ethernet (EDC), modem (MDC) or bluetooth (BDC) cards.
Intel MDC specification 1.0
In 1999, Intel published a spe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shlomi%20Dolev | Shlomi Dolev (; born December 5, 1958) is a Rita Altura Trust Chair Professor in Computer Science at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU) and the head of the BGU Negev Hi-Tech Faculty Startup Accelerator.
Biography
Shlomi Dolev received B.Sc. in Civil Engineering and B.A. in Computer Science in 1984 and 1985, and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virokine | Virokines are proteins encoded by some large DNA viruses that are secreted by the host cell and serve to evade the host's immune system. Such proteins are referred to as virokines if they resemble cytokines, growth factors, or complement regulators; the term viroceptor is sometimes used if the proteins resemble cellula... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite%20regress | An infinite regress is an infinite series of entities governed by a recursive principle that determines how each entity in the series depends on or is produced by its predecessor. In the epistemic regress, for example, a belief is justified because it is based on another belief that is justified. But this other belief ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20equation | In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who defined it in 1837.
The equation
The most general form of Cauchy's equation is
where n is the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s%20law%20of%20computer%20classes | Bell's law of computer classes formulated by Gordon Bell in 1972 describes how types of computing systems (referred to as computer classes) form, evolve and may eventually die out. New classes of computers create new applications resulting in new markets and new industries.
Description
Bell considers the law to be par... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic%20model%20%28mathematical%20logic%29 | In model theory, a subfield of mathematical logic, an atomic model is a model such that the complete type of every tuple is axiomatized by a single formula. Such types are called principal types, and the formulas that axiomatize them are called complete formulas.
Definitions
Let T be a theory. A complete type p(x1, .... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjunctive%20sum | In the mathematics of combinatorial games, the sum or disjunctive sum of two games is a game in which the two games are played in parallel, with each player being allowed to move in just one of the games per turn. The sum game finishes when there are no moves left in either of the two parallel games, at which point (i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foxconn | Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd., trading as Hon Hai Technology Group in China and Taiwan and Foxconn internationally, is a Taiwanese multinational electronics contract manufacturer established in 1974 with headquarters in Tucheng, New Taipei City, Taiwan. In 2021, the company's annual revenue reached () and was r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20beamformer | An adaptive beamformer is a system that performs adaptive spatial signal processing with an array of transmitters or receivers. The signals are combined in a manner which increases the signal strength to/from a chosen direction. Signals to/from other directions are combined in a benign or destructive manner, resulting ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20privacy%20law | Information privacy, data privacy or data protection laws provide a legal framework on how to obtain, use and store data of natural persons. The various laws around the world describe the rights of natural persons to control who is using its data. This includes usually the right to get details on which data is stored, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net%20interest%20margin | Net interest margin (NIM) is a measure of the difference between the interest income generated by banks or other financial institutions and the amount of interest paid out to their lenders (for example, deposits), relative to the amount of their (interest-earning) assets. It is similar to the gross margin (or gross pro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Valiant | Leslie Gabriel Valiant (born 28 March 1949) is a British American computer scientist and computational theorist. He was born to a chemical engineer father and a translator mother. He is currently the T. Jefferson Coolidge Professor of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. Valiant was awarded ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vijay%20Vazirani | Vijay Virkumar Vazirani (; b. 1957) is an Indian American distinguished professor of computer science in the Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences at the University of California, Irvine.
Education and career
Vazirani first majored in electrical engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map-coloring%20games | Several map-coloring games are studied in combinatorial game theory. The general idea is that we are given a map with regions drawn in but with not all the regions colored. Two players, Left and Right, take turns coloring in one uncolored region per turn, subject to various constraints, as in the map-coloring problem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20discharge | In electromagnetism, an electric discharge is the release and transmission of electricity in an applied electric field through a medium such as a gas (ie., an outgoing flow of electric current through a non-metal medium).
Applications
The properties and effects of electric discharges are useful over a wide range of ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working%20set | Working set is a concept in computer science which defines the amount of memory that a process requires in a given time interval.
Definition
Peter Denning (1968) defines "the working set of information of a process at time to be the collection of information referenced by the process during the process time interval... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimycobacterial | An antimycobacterial is a type of medication used to treat Mycobacteria infections.
Types include:
Tuberculosis treatments
Leprostatic agents
Notes
Antibiotics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20Subject%20Classification | The Mathematics Subject Classification (MSC) is an alphanumerical classification scheme that has collaboratively been produced by staff of, and based on the coverage of, the two major mathematical reviewing databases, Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. The MSC is used by many mathematics journals, which ask au... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20Osher | Stanley Osher (born April 24, 1942) is an American mathematician, known for his many contributions in shock capturing, level-set methods, and PDE-based methods in computer vision and image processing. Osher is a professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Director of Special Projects in the Institute... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangipane | Frangipane ( ), is a sweet almond-flavored custard, typical in French pastry, used in a variety of ways, including cakes and such pastries as the Bakewell tart, conversation tart, Jésuite and pithivier. A French spelling from a 1674 cookbook is franchipane, with the earliest modern spelling coming from a 1732 confectio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20change | Environmental change is a change or disturbance of the environment most often caused by human influences and natural ecological processes. Environmental changes include various factors, such as natural disasters, human interferences, or animal interaction. Environmental change encompasses not only physical changes, but... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vastus%20medialis | The vastus medialis (vastus internus or teardrop muscle) is an extensor muscle located medially in the thigh that extends the knee. The vastus medialis is part of the quadriceps muscle group.
Structure
The vastus medialis is a muscle present in the anterior compartment of thigh, and is one of the four muscles that mak... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Null%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, the word null (from meaning "zero", which is from meaning "none") is often associated with the concept of zero or the concept of nothing. It is used in varying context from "having zero members in a set" (e.g., null set) to "having a value of zero" (e.g., null vector).
In a vector space, the null vec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20shower | In particle physics, a shower is a cascade of secondary particles produced as the result of a high-energy particle interacting with dense matter. The incoming particle interacts, producing multiple new particles with lesser energy; each of these then interacts, in the same way, a process that continues until many thou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rent%27s%20rule | Rent's rule pertains to the organization of computing logic, specifically the relationship between the number of external signal connections to a logic block (i.e., the number of "pins") with the number of logic gates in the logic block, and has been applied to circuits ranging from small digital circuits to mainframe ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flory%E2%80%93Huggins%20solution%20theory | Flory–Huggins solution theory is a lattice model of the thermodynamics of polymer solutions which takes account of the great dissimilarity in molecular sizes in adapting the usual expression for the entropy of mixing. The result is an equation for the Gibbs free energy change for mixing a polymer with a solvent. Altho... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled%20NOT%20gate | In computer science, the controlled NOT gate (also C-NOT or CNOT), controlled-X gate, controlled-bit-flip gate, Feynman gate or controlled Pauli-X is a quantum logic gate that is an essential component in the construction of a gate-based quantum computer. It can be used to entangle and disentangle Bell states. Any quan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20selection%20model | The general selection model (GSM) is a model of population genetics that describes how a population's allele frequencies will change when acted upon by natural selection.
Equation
The General Selection Model applied to a single gene with two alleles (let's call them A1 and A2) is encapsulated by the equation:
whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charismatic%20megafauna | Charismatic megafauna are animal species that are large—in the relevant category that they represent—with symbolic value or widespread popular appeal, and are often used by environmental activists to gain public support for environmentalist goals. Examples include tigers, lions, jaguars, hippopotamuses, elephants, gori... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Ames%20Bliss | Gilbert Ames Bliss, (9 May 1876 – 8 May 1951), was an American mathematician, known for his work on the calculus of variations.
Life
Bliss grew up in a Chicago family that eventually became affluent; in 1907, his father became president of the company supplying all of Chicago's electricity. The family was not affluent... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preferential%20entailment | Preferential entailment is a non-monotonic logic based on selecting only models that are considered the most plausible. The plausibility of models is expressed by an ordering among models called a preference relation, hence the name preference entailment.
Formally, given a propositional formula and an ordering over p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20of%20vaporization | In thermodynamics, the entropy of vaporization is the increase in entropy upon vaporization of a liquid. This is always positive, since the degree of disorder increases in the transition from a liquid in a relatively small volume to a vapor or gas occupying a much larger space. At standard pressure , the value is denot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Felkel | Anton Felkel (26 April 1740, Kamenz, Silesia – c. 1800, possibly in Lisbon, Portugal) was an Austrian mathematician who worked on the determination of prime numbers.
Work
In 1776 and 1777, Felkel published a table giving complete decompositions of all integers not divisible by 2, 3, and 5, from 1 to 408,000. Felkel h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controlled%20image%20base | Controlled image base or CIB is unclassified digital imagery, produced to support mission planning and command, control, communications, and intelligence systems. CIB is used as a map substitute for emergencies and crises in the event that maps do not exist or are outdated. CIB is produced from SPOT commercial imagery ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20token | A software token (a.k.a. soft token) is a piece of a two-factor authentication security device that may be used to authorize the use of computer services. Software tokens are stored on a general-purpose electronic device such as a desktop computer, laptop, PDA, or mobile phone and can be duplicated. (Contrast hardware ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Roch%20theorem%20for%20smooth%20manifolds | In mathematics, a Riemann–Roch theorem for smooth manifolds is a version of results such as the Hirzebruch–Riemann–Roch theorem or Grothendieck–Riemann–Roch theorem (GRR) without a hypothesis making the smooth manifolds involved carry a complex structure. Results of this kind were obtained by Michael Atiyah and Friedri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20Rain%20or%20Come%20Shine | "Come Rain or Come Shine" is a popular music song, with music by Harold Arlen and lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was written for the Broadway musical St. Louis Woman, which opened on March 30, 1946, and closed after 113 performances.
Chart performance
It "became a modest hit during the show's run, making the pop charts w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malecot%27s%20method%20of%20coancestry | Malecot's coancestry coefficient, , refers to an indirect measure of genetic similarity of two individuals which was initially devised by the French mathematician Gustave Malécot.
is defined as the probability that any two alleles, sampled at random (one from each individual), are identical copies of an ancestral all... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen%20balance | The concept of nitrogen balance dictates that the difference between nitrogen intake and loss reflects gain or loss of total body protein respectively. If more nitrogen (protein) is given to the patient than is lost, the patient is considered to be anabolic or “in positive nitrogen balance."
Nitrogen Balance = Nitroge... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay-locked%20loop | In electronics, a delay-locked loop (DLL) is a pseudo-digital circuit similar to a phase-locked loop (PLL), with the main difference being the absence of an internal voltage-controlled oscillator, replaced by a delay line.
A DLL can be used to change the phase of a clock signal (a signal with a periodic waveform), usu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleradiology | Teleradiology is the transmission of radiological patient images from procedures such as x-rays photographs, Computed tomography (CT), and MRI imaging, from one location to another for the purposes of sharing studies with other radiologists and physicians. Teleradiology allows radiologists to provide services without a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Numbers%20%28comics%29 | Big Numbers is an unfinished graphic novel by writer Alan Moore and artist Bill Sienkiewicz. In 1990 Moore's short-lived imprint Mad Love published two of the planned twelve issues. The series was picked up by Kevin Eastman's Tundra Publishing, but the completed third issue did not print, and the remaining issues, whos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helge%20Tverberg | Helge Arnulf Tverberg (March 6, 1935December 28, 2020) was a Norwegian mathematician. He was a professor in the Mathematics Department at the University of Bergen, his speciality being combinatorics; he retired at the mandatory age of seventy.
He was born in Bergen. He took the cand.real. degree at the University of B... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4C%20Entity | The 4C Entity is a digital rights management (DRM) consortium formed by IBM, Intel, Panasonic and Toshiba that has established and licensed interoperable cryptographic protection mechanisms for removable media technologies. 4C Entity was founded in 1999 when Warner Music approached the companies to develop stronger DRM... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta%20function%20regularization | In mathematics and theoretical physics, zeta function regularization is a type of regularization or summability method that assigns finite values to divergent sums or products, and in particular can be used to define determinants and traces of some self-adjoint operators. The technique is now commonly applied to proble... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPH%20insulin | Neutral Protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin, also known as isophane insulin, is an intermediate-acting insulin given to help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes. It is used by injection under the skin once to twice a day. Onset of effects is typically in 90 minutes and they last for 24 hours. Versions are a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motion%20detector | A motion detector is an electrical device that utilizes a sensor to detect nearby motion. Such a device is often integrated as a component of a system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an area. They form a vital component of security, automated lighting control, home control, energy effic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minification%20%28programming%29 | Minification (also minimisation or minimization) is the process of removing all unnecessary characters from the source code of interpreted programming languages or markup languages without changing its functionality. These unnecessary characters usually include white space characters, new line characters, comments, and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribometer | A tribometer is an instrument that measures tribological quantities, such as coefficient of friction, friction force, and wear volume, between two surfaces in contact. It was invented by the 18th century Dutch scientist Musschenbroek
A tribotester is the general name given to a machine or device used to perform tests ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%E2%80%93Euler%20equations | In classical mechanics, the Newton–Euler equations describe the combined translational and rotational dynamics of a rigid body.
Traditionally the Newton–Euler equations is the grouping together of Euler's two laws of motion for a rigid body into a single equation with 6 components, using column vectors and matrices. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business%20Process%20Model%20and%20Notation | Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN) is a graphical representation for specifying business processes in a business process model.
Originally developed by the Business Process Management Initiative (BPMI), BPMN has been maintained by the Object Management Group (OMG) since the two organizations merged in 2005. Ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20entropy%20thermodynamics | In physics, maximum entropy thermodynamics (colloquially, MaxEnt thermodynamics) views equilibrium thermodynamics and statistical mechanics as inference processes. More specifically, MaxEnt applies inference techniques rooted in Shannon information theory, Bayesian probability, and the principle of maximum entropy. The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fission%20track%20dating | Fission track dating is a radiometric dating technique based on analyses of the damage trails, or tracks, left by fission fragments in certain uranium-bearing minerals and glasses. Fission-track dating is a relatively simple method of radiometric dating that has made a significant impact on understanding the thermal h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20recombinant%20proteins | The following is a list of notable proteins that are produced from recombinant DNA, using biomolecular engineering. In many cases, recombinant human proteins have replaced the original animal-derived version used in medicine. The prefix "rh" for "recombinant human" appears less and less in the literature. A much larger... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin-1/2 | In quantum mechanics, spin is an intrinsic property of all elementary particles. All known fermions, the particles that constitute ordinary matter, have a spin of . The spin number describes how many symmetrical facets a particle has in one full rotation; a spin of means that the particle must be rotated by two full t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei%20Fomin | Sergei Vasilyevich Fomin (; 9 December 1917 – 17 August 1975) was a Soviet mathematician who was co-author with Andrey Kolmogorov of Introductory real analysis, and co-author with Israel Gelfand of Calculus of Variations (1963), both books that are widely read in Russian and in English.
Fomin entered Moscow State Uni... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leray%27s%20theorem | In algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, Leray's theorem (so named after Jean Leray) relates abstract sheaf cohomology with Čech cohomology.
Let be a sheaf on a topological space and an open cover of If is acyclic on every finite intersection of elements of , then
where is the -th Čech cohomology g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Rham%E2%80%93Weil%20theorem | In algebraic topology, the De Rham–Weil theorem allows computation of sheaf cohomology using an acyclic resolution of the sheaf in question.
Let be a sheaf on a topological space and a resolution of by acyclic sheaves. Then
where denotes the -th sheaf cohomology group of with coefficients in
The De R... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20of%20Solid%20State%20Microstructure%2C%20Nanjing%20University | Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure (LSSMS) is located in Nanjing University, China. It is a key laboratory in physics, associated with such faculties as schools of physics and electronics and department of materials of engineering school at Nanjing University.
The Laboratory has accomplished many achievements an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor%20protein | Motor proteins are a class of molecular motors that can move along the cytoplasm of cells. They convert chemical energy into mechanical work by the hydrolysis of ATP. Flagellar rotation, however, is powered by a proton pump.
Cellular functions
Motor proteins are the driving force behind most active transport of prot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand%20pair | In mathematics, a Gelfand pair is a pair (G,K) consisting of a group G and a subgroup K (called an Euler subgroup of G) that satisfies a certain property on restricted representations. The theory of Gelfand pairs is closely related to the topic of spherical functions in the classical theory of special functions, and to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%20no%20Tori%20Hououhen%20%28MSX%29 | is a 1987 video game for the MSX2 developed by Konami, produced alongside a similarly named game for the Famicom. Both games are based on the series and story arc with the same names.
It is in essence a Knightmare-like vertical scrolling shooter with the player viewing his character on the back and enemies and obstacl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20moduli | In mathematics, formal moduli are an aspect of the theory of moduli spaces (of algebraic varieties or vector bundles, for example), closely linked to deformation theory and formal geometry. Roughly speaking, deformation theory can provide the Taylor polynomial level of information about deformations, while formal modul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goal%20programming | Goal programming is a branch of multiobjective optimization, which in turn is a branch of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). It can be thought of as an extension or generalisation of linear programming to handle multiple, normally conflicting objective measures. Each of these measures is given a goal or target va... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian%20Pacific%20Mathematics%20Olympiad | The Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad (APMO) starting from 1989 is a regional mathematics competition which involves countries from the Asian Pacific region. The United States also takes part in the APMO. Every year, APMO is held in the afternoon of the second Monday of March for participating countries in the North ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20number%20formula | In number theory, the class number formula relates many important invariants of a number field to a special value of its Dedekind zeta function.
General statement of the class number formula
We start with the following data:
is a number field.
, where denotes the number of real embeddings of , and is the number... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, more particularly in functional analysis, differential topology, and geometric measure theory, a k-current in the sense of Georges de Rham is a functional on the space of compactly supported differential k-forms, on a smooth manifold M. Currents formally behave like Schwartz distributions on a space of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingress%20filtering | In computer networking, ingress filtering is a technique used to ensure that incoming packets are actually from the networks from which they claim to originate. This can be used as a countermeasure against various spoofing attacks where the attacker's packets contain fake IP addresses. Spoofing is often used in denial-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dichotomic%20search | In computer science, a dichotomic search is a search algorithm that operates by selecting between two distinct alternatives (dichotomies) at each step. It is a specific type of divide and conquer algorithm. A well-known example is binary search.
Abstractly, a dichotomic search can be viewed as following edges of an im... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icemaker | An icemaker, ice generator, or ice machine may refer to either a consumer device for making ice, found inside a home freezer; a stand-alone appliance for making ice, or an industrial machine for making ice on a large scale. The term "ice machine" usually refers to the stand-alone appliance.
The ice generator is the pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entropy%20of%20mixing | In thermodynamics, the entropy of mixing is the increase in the total entropy when several initially separate systems of different composition, each in a thermodynamic state of internal equilibrium, are mixed without chemical reaction by the thermodynamic operation of removal of impermeable partition(s) between them, f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOO | A MOO ("MUD, object-oriented") is a text-based online virtual reality system to which multiple users (players) are connected at the same time.
The term MOO is used in two distinct, but related, senses. One is to refer to those programs descended from the original MOO server, and the other is to refer to any MUD that u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20image%20functor | In mathematics, the direct image functor is a construction in sheaf theory that generalizes the global sections functor to the relative case. It is of fundamental importance in topology and algebraic geometry. Given a sheaf F defined on a topological space X and a continuous map f: X → Y, we can define a new sheaf f∗F ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credential%20service%20provider | A credential service provider (CSP) is a trusted entity that issues security tokens or electronic credentials to subscribers. A CSP forms part of an authentication system, most typically identified as a separate entity in a Federated authentication system. A CSP may be an independent third party, or may issue credentia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence%20Eliminator | Evidence Eliminator is a computer software program that runs on Microsoft Windows operating systems at least through Windows 7. The program deletes hidden information from the user's hard drive that normal procedures may fail to delete. Such "cleaner" or "eraser" programs typically overwrite previously allocated disk s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemmix | Zemmix was a trade mark and brand name of the South Korean electronics company Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd. It was an MSX-based video game console brand whose name is no longer in use.
Under the name Zemmix, Daewoo released a series of gaming consoles compatible with the MSX home computer standards. The consoles were ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminant%20of%20an%20algebraic%20number%20field | In mathematics, the discriminant of an algebraic number field is a numerical invariant that, loosely speaking, measures the size of the (ring of integers of the) algebraic number field. More specifically, it is proportional to the squared volume of the fundamental domain of the ring of integers, and it regulates which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20task%20network | In artificial intelligence, hierarchical task network (HTN) planning is an approach to automated planning in which the dependency among actions can be given in the form of hierarchically structured networks.
Planning problems are specified in the hierarchical task network approach by
providing a set of tasks, which ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossy%20display | A glossy display is an electronic display with a glossy surface. In certain light environments, glossy displays provide better color intensity and contrast ratios than matte displays. The primary disadvantage of these displays is their tendency to reflect any external light, often resulting in an undesirable glare.
T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydathode | A hydathode is a type of pore, commonly found in angiosperms, that secretes water through pores in the epidermis or leaf margin, typically at the tip of a marginal tooth or serration. Hydathodes occur in the leaves of submerged aquatic plants such as Ranunculus fluitans as well as herbaceous plants of drier habitats su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FrostWire | FrostWire is a free and open-source BitTorrent client first released in September 2004, as a fork of LimeWire. It was initially very similar to LimeWire in appearance and functionality, but over time developers added more features, including support for the BitTorrent protocol. In version 5, support for the Gnutella ne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasympatholytic | A parasympatholytic agent is a substance or activity that reduces the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.
The term parasympatholytic typically refers to the effect of a drug, although some poisons act to block the parasympathetic nervous system as well. Most drugs with parasympatholytic properties are ant... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashk | Kashk ( Kašk, ), qurut (Tuvan and , , , , , , Turkish: kurut), chortan ( chort’an), or aaruul and khuruud (Mongolian: ааруул or хурууд) is a range of dairy products popular in Middle Eastern cuisine, Caucasian cuisine, and Central Asian cuisine. Kashk is made from strained yogurt, drained buttermilk (in particular, dra... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Line%20of%20force | A line of force in Faraday's extended sense is synonymous with Maxwell's line of induction. According to J.J. Thomson, Faraday usually discusses lines of force as chains of polarized particles in a dielectric, yet sometimes Faraday discusses them as having an existence all their own as in stretching across a vacuum. In... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavored%20fortified%20wine | Flavored fortified wines or tonic wines (known informally as bum wines or bum vino) are inexpensive fortified wines that typically have an alcohol content between 13% and 20% alcohol by volume (ABV). They are made from various fruits (including grapes and citrus fruits) with added sugar, artificial flavor, and artifici... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brewer%20and%20Nash%20model | The Brewer and Nash model was constructed to provide information security access controls that can change dynamically. This security model, also known as the Chinese wall model, was designed to provide controls that mitigate conflict of interest in commercial organizations and is built upon an information flow model. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%E2%80%93Denning%20model | The Graham–Denning model is a computer security model that shows how subjects and objects should be securely created and deleted.
It also addresses how to assign specific access rights. It is mainly used in access control mechanisms for distributed systems. There are three main parts to the model: A set of subjects, a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20modes | Generally, security modes refer to information systems security modes of operations used in mandatory access control (MAC) systems. Often, these systems contain information at various levels of security classification. The mode of operation is determined by:
The type of users who will be directly or indirectly acce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20potential%20well | The finite potential well (also known as the finite square well) is a concept from quantum mechanics. It is an extension of the infinite potential well, in which a particle is confined to a "box", but one which has finite potential "walls". Unlike the infinite potential well, there is a probability associated with the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainforest%20Alliance | The Rainforest Alliance is an international non-governmental organization (NGO) with staff in more than 20 countries and operations in more than 70 countries. It was founded in 1987 by Daniel Katz, an American environmental activist, who serves as the chair of the board of directors. The NGO states that its mission is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Fahim%20Dashty | Mohammad Fahim Dashty ( 1973 – 4 or 5 September 2021) was an Afghan journalist, politician and military official. In 2021, he served as spokesman of the National Resistance Front of Afghanistan during the Republican insurgency in Afghanistan.
Biography
Born around 1973, Dashty was the nephew of Afghan politician, Abdu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20security%20model | A computer security model is a scheme for specifying and enforcing security policies. A security model may be founded upon a formal model of access rights, a model of computation, a model of distributed computing, or no particular theoretical grounding at all. A computer security model is implemented through a computer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations%20security | Operations security (OPSEC) or operational security is a process that identifies critical information to determine whether friendly actions can be observed by enemy intelligence, determines if information obtained by adversaries could be interpreted to be useful to them, and then executes selected measures that elimina... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnapPea | SnapPea is free software designed to help mathematicians, in particular low-dimensional topologists, study hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The primary developer is Jeffrey Weeks, who created the first version as part of his doctoral thesis, supervised by William Thurston. It is not to be confused with the unrelated android ma... |
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