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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ore%27s%20theorem | Ore's theorem is a result in graph theory proved in 1960 by Norwegian mathematician Øystein Ore. It gives a sufficient condition for a graph to be Hamiltonian, essentially stating that a graph with sufficiently many edges must contain a Hamilton cycle. Specifically, the theorem considers the sum of the degrees of pairs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaplasia | Anaplasia (from ana, "backward" + πλάσις plasis, "formation") is a condition of cells with poor cellular differentiation, losing the morphological characteristics of mature cells and their orientation with respect to each other and to endothelial cells. The term also refers to a group of morphological changes in a cel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20fields%20on%20spheres | In mathematics, the discussion of vector fields on spheres was a classical problem of differential topology, beginning with the hairy ball theorem, and early work on the classification of division algebras.
Specifically, the question is how many linearly independent smooth nowhere-zero vector fields can be constructed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levator%20veli%20palatini | The levator veli palatini () is a muscle of the soft palate and pharynx. It is innervated by the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) via its pharyngeal plexus. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx.
Structure
The levator veli palatini muscle occurs in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20longitudinal%20muscle%20of%20tongue | The superior longitudinal muscle of tongue or superior lingualis is a thin layer of oblique and longitudinal fibers immediately underlying the mucous membrane on the dorsum of the tongue.
Structure
The superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue is one of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue. It arises from the submuco... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior%20longitudinal%20muscle%20of%20tongue | The inferior longitudinal muscle of tongue is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. It is situated on the under surface of the tongue between the genioglossus and hyoglossus. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). Its contraction shortens and thickens the tongue.
Structure
The inferior longitudin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20muscle%20of%20tongue | The vertical muscle of the tongue is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. Its fibers extend from the upper to the under surface of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). Its contraction flattens, widens and elongates the tongue.
Anatomy
The vertical muscle of the tongue is an intrins... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse%20muscle%20of%20tongue | The transverse muscle of tongue (transversus linguae) is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum. It passes laterally to insert into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). Its con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatopharyngeus%20muscle | The palatopharyngeus (palatopharyngeal or pharyngopalatinus) muscle is a small muscle in the roof of the mouth.
It is a long, fleshy fasciculus, narrower in the middle than at either end, forming, with the mucous membrane covering its surface, the palatopharyngeal arch.
Structure
It is separated from the palatoglossu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salpingopharyngeus%20muscle | The salpingopharyngeus muscle is a muscle of the pharynx. It arises from the lower part of the cartilage of the Eustachian tube, and inserts into the palatopharyngeus muscle by blending with its posterior fasciculus. It is innervated by vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) via the pharyngeal plexus. It raises the pharynx and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20pharyngeal%20constrictor%20muscle | The middle pharyngeal constrictor is a fan-shaped muscle located in the neck. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles. It is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.
The middle pharyngeal constrictor originates from the greater cornu and lesser cornu of the hyoid bone, and the stylohyoid liga... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior%20pharyngeal%20constrictor%20muscle | The inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a skeletal muscle of the neck. It is the thickest of the three outer pharyngeal muscles. It arises from the sides of the cricoid cartilage and the thyroid cartilage. It is supplied by the vagus nerve (CN X). It is active during swallowing, and partially during breathing and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20pharyngeal%20constrictor%20muscle | The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is a quadrilateral muscle of the pharynx. It is the uppermost and thinnest of the three pharyngeal constrictors.
The muscle is divided into four parts according to its four distincts origins: a pterygopharyngeal, buccopharyngeal, mylopharyngeal, and a glossopharyngeal part. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylopharyngeus%20muscle | The stylopharyngeus muscle is a muscle in the head. It originates from the temporal styloid process. Some of its fibres insert onto the thyroid cartilage, while others end by intermingling with proximal structures. It is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve IX). It acts to elevate the larynx and phar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20veli%20palatini%20muscle | The tensor veli palatini muscle (tensor palati or tensor muscle of the velum palatinum) is a thin, triangular muscle of the head that tenses the soft palate and opens the Eustachian tube to equalise pressure in the middle ear.
Structure
The tensor veli palatini muscle is thin and triangular in shape.
Origin
It aris... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracoacromial%20artery | The thoracoacromial artery (acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis) is a short trunk that arises from the second part of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the pectoralis minor.
Structure
Projecting forward to the upper border of the Pectoralis minor, it pierces the coracocl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%3A%3ABlocks | Code::Blocks is a free, open-source cross-platform IDE that supports multiple compilers including GCC, Clang and Visual C++. It is developed in C++ using wxWidgets as the GUI toolkit. Using a plugin architecture, its capabilities and features are defined by the provided plugins.
Currently, Code::Blocks is oriented towa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20area | In 3-dimensional geometry and vector calculus, an area vector is a vector combining an area quantity with a direction, thus representing an oriented area in three dimensions.
Every bounded surface in three dimensions can be associated with a unique area vector called its vector area. It is equal to the surface integr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage%20service%20provider | A Storage service provider (SSP) is any company that provides computer storage space and related management services. SSPs may also offer periodic backup and archiving.
Advantages of managed storage are that more space can be ordered as required. Depending upon your SSP, backups may also be managed.
Faster data access... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypholoma%20capnoides | Hypholoma capnoides is an edible mushroom in the family Strophariaceae. Like its poisonous relative H. fasciculare ("sulphur tuft"), H. capnoides grows in clusters on decaying wood, for example in tufts on old tree stumps, in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Edibility
Though edible, the poisonous sulphur tuft is more ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson%20problem | The objective of the Thomson problem is to determine the minimum electrostatic potential energy configuration of electrons constrained to the surface of a unit sphere that repel each other with a force given by Coulomb's law. The physicist J. J. Thomson posed the problem in 1904 after proposing an atomic model, later ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Phosphoglyceric%20acid | 3-Phosphoglyceric acid (3PG, 3-PGA, or PGA) is the conjugate acid of 3-phosphoglycerate or glycerate 3-phosphate (GP or G3P). This glycerate is a biochemically significant metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis and the Calvin-Benson cycle. The anion is often termed as PGA when referring to the Calvin-Benson cycle. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C3-Bisphosphoglyceric%20acid | 1,3-Bisphosphoglyceric acid (1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate or 1,3BPG) is a 3-carbon organic molecule present in most, if not all, living organisms. It primarily exists as a metabolic intermediate in both glycolysis during respiration and the Calvin cycle during photosynthesis. 1,3BPG is a transitional stage between glycerate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20pack | Disk packs and disk cartridges were early forms of removable media for computer data storage, introduced in the 1960s.
Disk pack
A disk pack is a layered grouping of hard disk platters (circular, rigid discs coated with a magnetic data storage surface). A disk pack is the core component of a hard disk drive. In moder... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnality | Diurnality is a form of plant and animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night. The common adjective used for daytime activity is "diurnal". The timing of activity by an animal depends on a variety of environmental factors such as the temperature, the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sever%27s%20disease | Sever's disease, also known as calcaneus apophysitis, is an inflammation at the back of the heel (or calcaneus) growth plate in growing children. The condition is thought to be caused by repetitive stress at the heel. This condition is benign and common and usually resolves when the growth plate has closed or during pe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoning%20home | In computing, phoning home is a term often used to refer to the behavior of security systems that report network location, username, or other such data to another computer.
Phoning home may be useful for the proprietor in tracking a missing or stolen computer. In this way, it is frequently performed by mobile computer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20mean | The temporal mean is the arithmetic mean of a series of values over a time period. Assuming equidistant measuring or sampling times, it can be computed as the sum of the values over a period divided by the number of values. A simple moving average can be considered to be a sequence of temporal means over periods of e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iconoscope | The iconoscope (from the Greek: εἰκών "image" and σκοπεῖν "to look, to see") was the first practical video camera tube to be used in early television cameras. The iconoscope produced a much stronger signal than earlier mechanical designs, and could be used under any well-lit conditions. This was the first fully electro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%20Vop%C4%9Bnka | Petr Vopěnka (16 May 1935 – 20 March 2015) was a Czech mathematician. In the early seventies, he developed alternative set theory (i.e. alternative to the classical Cantor theory), which he subsequently developed in a series of articles and monographs. Vopěnka’s name is associated with many mathematical achievements, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondritis | Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed.
It often refers to osteochondritis dissecans (OCD). The term dissecans refers to the "creation of a flap of cartilage that further dissects away from its underlying subchondral attachments (dissecans)".
The other ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confounding | In causal inference, a confounder (also confounding variable, confounding factor, extraneous determinant or lurking variable) is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association. Confounding is a causal concept, and as such, cannot be described in terms of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rankine%20vortex | The Rankine vortex is a simple mathematical model of a vortex in a viscous fluid. It is named after its discoverer, William John Macquorn Rankine.
The vortices observed in nature are usually modelled with an irrotational (potential or free) vortex. However, in potential vortex, the velocity becomes infinite at the vor... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RE%20%28complexity%29 | In computability theory and computational complexity theory, RE (recursively enumerable) is the class of decision problems for which a 'yes' answer can be verified by a Turing machine in a finite amount of time. Informally, it means that if the answer to a problem instance is 'yes', then there is some procedure that ta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%20%28complexity%29 | In computational complexity theory, R is the class of decision problems solvable by a Turing machine, which is the set of all recursive languages (also called decidable languages).
Equivalent formulations
R is equivalent to the set of all total computable functions in the sense that:
a decision problem is in R if and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-center%20four-electron%20bond | The 3-center 4-electron (3c–4e) bond is a model used to explain bonding in certain hypervalent molecules such as tetratomic and hexatomic interhalogen compounds, sulfur tetrafluoride, the xenon fluorides, and the bifluoride ion. It is also known as the Pimentel–Rundle three-center model after the work published by Geo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-Market | Gmarket is an e-commerce website based in South Korea. The company was founded in 2000 as a subsidiary of Interpark, and was acquired by eBay in 2009, who subsequently sold it to Shinsegae at 3.4 trillion Korean Won.
History and Incidents
The predecessor of Gmarket was founded in 1999 by Young Bae Ku. At the time, it ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometritis | Endometritis is inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). Symptoms may include fever, lower abdominal pain, and abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge. It is the most common cause of infection after childbirth. It is also part of spectrum of diseases that make up pelvic inflammatory disease.
Endome... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klee%27s%20measure%20problem | In computational geometry, Klee's measure problem is the problem of determining how efficiently the measure of a union of (multidimensional) rectangular ranges can be computed. Here, a d-dimensional rectangular range is defined to be a Cartesian product of d intervals of real numbers, which is a subset of Rd.
The prob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author%20citation%20%28zoology%29 | In zoological nomenclature, author citation refers to listing the person (or team) who first makes a scientific name of a taxon available. This is done in scientific work while fulfilling the formal requirements under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ("the Code"). According to Article 51.1 of the Code,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog-tooth | In architecture, a dog-tooth or dogtooth pattern is an ornament found in the mouldings of medieval work of the commencement of the 12th century, which is thought to have been introduced by the Crusaders. The earliest example is found in the hall at Rabbath Ammon in Moab in Jordan (c. 614) built by the Sassanians, where... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Author%20citation%20%28botany%29 | In botanical nomenclature, author citation is the way of citing the person or group of people who validly published a botanical name, i.e. who first published the name while fulfilling the formal requirements as specified by the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN). In cases where a spe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Access%20Identifier | In computer networking, the Network Access Identifier (NAI) is a standard way of identifying users who request access to a network. The standard syntax is "user@realm". Sample NAIs include (from RFC 4282):
bob
joe@example.com
fred@foo-9.example.com
fred.smith@example.com
fred_smith@example.com
fred$@example.com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioelectromagnetics | Bioelectromagnetics, also known as bioelectromagnetism, is the study of the interaction between electromagnetic fields and biological entities. Areas of study include electromagnetic fields produced by living cells, tissues or organisms, the effects of man-made sources of electromagnetic fields like mobile phones, and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallelizable%20manifold | In mathematics, a differentiable manifold of dimension n is called parallelizable if there exist smooth vector fields
on the manifold, such that at every point of the tangent vectors
provide a basis of the tangent space at . Equivalently, the tangent bundle is a trivial bundle, so that the associated principal bu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Societ%C3%A0%20Entomologica%20Italiana | La Società Entomologica Italiana, the Italian Entomological Society, is Italy’s foremost society devoted to the study of insects. The society is famous for promoting applied entomology and many of its past members have saved millions from deadly diseases such as malaria.
History
The society was founded on 31 October 1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenic%20inflammation | Neurogenic inflammation is inflammation arising from the local release by afferent neurons of inflammatory mediators such as Substance P, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP), neurokinin A (NKA), and endothelin-3 (ET-3). In such neurons, release of these pro-inflammatory mediators is thought to be triggered by the ac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingress%20cancellation | Ingress cancellation is a method for removing narrowband noise from an electromagnetic signal using a digital filter. This type of filter is used on hybrid fiber-coaxial broadband networks.
If a carrier appears in the middle of the upstream data signal, ingress cancellation can remove the interfering carrier without c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stunted%20projective%20space | In mathematics, a stunted projective space is a construction on a projective space of importance in homotopy theory, introduced by . Part of a conventional projective space is collapsed down to a point.
More concretely, in a real projective space, complex projective space or quaternionic projective space
KPn,
where ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanier%E2%80%93Whitehead%20duality | In mathematics, Spanier–Whitehead duality is a duality theory in homotopy theory, based on a geometrical idea that a topological space X may be considered as dual to its complement in the n-sphere, where n is large enough. Its origins lie in Alexander duality theory, in homology theory, concerning complements in manifo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermitian%20function | In mathematical analysis, a Hermitian function is a complex function with the property that its complex conjugate is equal to the original function with the variable changed in sign:
(where the indicates the complex conjugate) for all in the domain of . In physics, this property is referred to as PT symmetry.
This... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20duality | In mathematics, Alexander duality refers to a duality theory initiated by a result of J. W. Alexander in 1915, and subsequently further developed, particularly by Pavel Alexandrov and Lev Pontryagin. It applies to the homology theory properties of the complement of a subspace X in Euclidean space, a sphere, or other ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landauer%27s%20principle | Landauer's principle is a physical principle pertaining to the lower theoretical limit of energy consumption of computation. It holds that an irreversible change in information stored in a computer, such as merging two computational paths, dissipates a minimum amount of heat to its surroundings.
The principle was firs... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcopenia | Sarcopenia is a type of muscle loss (muscle atrophy) that occurs with aging and/or immobility. It is characterized by the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass, quality, and strength. The rate of muscle loss is dependent on exercise level, co-morbidities, nutrition and other factors. The muscle loss is related to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade-weighted%20effective%20exchange%20rate%20index | The trade-weighted effective exchange rate index, a common form of the effective exchange rate index, is a multilateral exchange rate index. It is compiled as a weighted average of exchange rates of home versus foreign currencies, with the weight for each foreign country equal to its share in trade. Depending on the pu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%20Attack | Ant Attack is a ZX Spectrum computer game by Sandy White, published by Quicksilva in 1983. It was converted to the Commodore 64 in 1984.
While Zaxxon and Q*bert previously used isometric projection, Ant Attack added an extra degree of freedom (ability to go up and down instead of just north, south, east and west), and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacral%20plexus | In human anatomy, the sacral plexus is a nerve plexus which provides motor and sensory nerves for the posterior thigh, most of the lower leg and foot, and part of the pelvis. It is part of the lumbosacral plexus and emerges from the lumbar vertebrae and sacral vertebrae (L4-S4). A sacral plexopathy is a disorder affec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defence%20Information%20Infrastructure | Defence Information Infrastructure (DII) is a secure military network owned by the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence MOD. It is used by all branches of the armed forces, including the Royal Navy, British Army and Royal Air Force as well as MOD civil servants. It reaches to deployed bases and ships at sea, but not ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senckenberg%20German%20Entomological%20Institute | The Senckenberg German Entomological Institute (, SDEI or DEI) is a German entomological research institute devoted to the study of insects. Founded in 1886, the institute has an extraordinary insect collection and a world-class entomological library. Since 2009, the SDEI has been part of the Senckenberg Nature Researc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20fibular%20nerve | The common fibular nerve (also known as the common peroneal nerve, external popliteal nerve, or lateral popliteal nerve) is a nerve in the lower leg that provides sensation over the posterolateral part of the leg and the knee joint. It divides at the knee into two terminal branches: the superficial fibular nerve and de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauve%20%28test%20suite%29 | Mauve is a project to provide a free software test suite for the Java class libraries. Mauve is developed by the members of Kaffe, GNU Classpath, GCJ, and other projects. Unlike a similar project, JUnit, Mauve is designed to run on various experimental Java virtual machines, where some features may be still missing. Be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory%20threshold | In psychophysics, sensory threshold is the weakest stimulus that an organism can sense. Unless otherwise indicated, it is usually defined as the weakest stimulus that can be detected half the time, for example, as indicated by a point on a probability curve. Methods have been developed to measure thresholds in any of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercostal%20nerves | The intercostal nerves are part of the somatic nervous system, and arise from the anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11. The intercostal nerves are distributed chiefly to the thoracic pleura and abdominal peritoneum, and differ from the anterior rami of the other spinal nerves in that each pursues ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call%20super | Call super is a code smell or anti-pattern of some object-oriented programming languages. Call super is a design pattern in which a particular class stipulates that in a derived subclass, the user is required to override a method and call back the overridden function itself at a particular point. The overridden method ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage%20density | Drainage density is a quantity used to describe physical parameters of a drainage basin. First described by Robert E. Horton, drainage density is defined as the total length of channel in a drainage basin divided by the total area, represented by the following equation:
The quantity represents the average length of ch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20d%27Astrophysique%20de%20Paris | The Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (translated: Paris Institute of Astrophysics) is a research institute in Paris, France. The Institute is part of the Sorbonne University and is associated with the CNRS Centre national de la recherche scientifique. It is located at 98bis, Boulevard Arago Il in the 14th arrondisseme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesiod%20%28name%20service%29 | In computing, the Hesiod name service originated in Project Athena (1983–1991). It uses DNS functionality to provide access to databases of information that change infrequently. In Unix environments it often serves to distribute information kept in the , , and files, among others.
Frequently an LDAP server is used to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20reactor%20core | A nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor containing the nuclear fuel components where the nuclear reactions take place and the heat is generated. Typically, the fuel will be low-enriched uranium contained in thousands of individual fuel pins. The core also contains structural components, the means t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onion%20powder | Onion powder is dehydrated, ground onion that is commonly used as a seasoning. It is a common ingredient in seasoned salt and spice mixes, such as beau monde seasoning. Some varieties are prepared using toasted onion. White, yellow and red onions may be used. Onion powder is a commercially prepared food product that ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal%20zone | The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide: in other words, the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range. This area can include several types of habitats with various species of life, such as seastars, sea urchins, and many species of coral with region... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PL-3 | PL-3 or POS-PHY Level 3 is a network protocol. It is the name of the interface that the Optical Internetworking Forum's SPI-3 Interoperability Agreement is based on. It was proposed by PMC-Sierra to the Optical Internetworking Forum and adopted in June 2000. The name means Packet Over SONET Physical layer level 3. P... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPI-3 | SPI-3 or System Packet Interface Level 3 is the name of a chip-to-chip, channelized, packet interface widely used in high-speed communications devices. It was proposed by PMC-Sierra based on their PL-3 interface to the Optical Internetworking Forum and adopted in June 2000. PL-3 was developed by PMC-Sierra in conjunc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20immunology | In academia, computational immunology is a field of science that encompasses high-throughput genomic and bioinformatics approaches to immunology. The field's main aim is to convert immunological data into computational problems, solve these problems using mathematical and computational approaches and then convert these... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate%20immune%20system | The innate, or nonspecific, immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. The innate immune system is an alternate defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in plants, fungi, insects, and primitive multicellular organisms (s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%E2%80%93hydrogen%20bond | In chemistry, the carbon-hydrogen bond ( bond) is a chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent, single bond, meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens. This completes both of their outer shells, making them... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catabolite%20activator%20protein | Catabolite activator protein (CAP; also known as cAMP receptor protein, CRP) is a trans-acting transcriptional activator that exists as a homodimer in solution. Each subunit of CAP is composed of a ligand-binding domain at the N-terminus (CAPN, residues 1–138) and a DNA-binding domain at the C-terminus (DBD, residues 1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction%20%28mechanics%29 | Traction, traction force or tractive force is a force used to generate motion between a body and a tangential surface, through the use of either dry friction or shear force.
It has important applications in vehicles, as in tractive effort.
Traction can also refer to the maximum tractive force between a body and a sur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20%28dog%29 | Barry der Menschenretter (1800–1814), also known as Barry, was a dog of a breed which was later called the St. Bernard that worked as a mountain rescue dog in Switzerland and Italy for the Great St Bernard Hospice. He predates the modern St. Bernard, and was lighter built than the modern breed. He has been described as... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rog-2000 | Rog-2000 (pronounced "Rahj-two-thousand", and sometimes spelled "ROG 2000") is a fictional robot that was the first professional creation of comic book artist-writer John Byrne. Rog-2000 serves as the mascot of Byrne Robotics.
Publication history
The character began life during Byrne's fan-artist days in the 1970s, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20classical%20mechanics | This article deals with the history of classical mechanics.
Precursors to classical mechanics
Antiquity
The ancient Greek philosophers, Aristotle in particular, were among the first to propose that abstract principles govern nature. Aristotle argued, in On the Heavens, that terrestrial bodies rise or fall to their ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workflow%20pattern | A workflow pattern is a specialized form of design pattern as defined in the area of software engineering or business process engineering. Workflow patterns refer specifically to recurrent problems and proven solutions related to the development of workflow applications in particular, and more broadly, process-oriented... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutchinson%27s%20ratio | In ecological theory, the Hutchinson's ratio is the ratio of the size differences between similar species when they are living together as compared to when they are isolated. It is named after G. Evelyn Hutchinson who concluded that various key attributes in species varied according to the ratio of 1:1.1 to 1:1.4.
See... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking%20oscillator | A blocking oscillator (sometimes called a pulse oscillator) is a simple configuration of discrete electronic components which can produce a free-running signal, requiring only a resistor, a transformer, and one amplifying element such as a transistor or vacuum tube. The name is derived from the fact that the amplifyi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20calculus%20identities | The following are important identities involving derivatives and integrals in vector calculus.
Operator notation
Gradient
For a function in three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate variables, the gradient is the vector field:
where i, j, k are the standard unit vectors for the x, y, z-axes. More generally, for a fun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase-change%20incubator | The phase-change incubator is a low-cost, low-maintenance incubator that tests for microorganisms in water supplies. It uses small balls containing a chemical compound that, when heated and then kept insulated, will stay at 37 °C (approx. 99 °F) for 24 hours. This allows cultures to be tested without the need for a lab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phytomenadione | Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
As a supplement it is used to treat certain bleeding disorders. This includes warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email%20tracking | Email tracking is a method for monitoring whether the email message is read by the intended recipient. Most tracking technologies use some form of digitally time-stamped record to reveal the exact time and date when an email is received or opened, as well as the IP address of the recipient.
Email tracking is useful wh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%20for%20Responsible%20Genetics | The Council for Responsible Genetics (CRG) was a nonprofit NGO with a focus on biotechnology.
History
The Council for Responsible Genetics was founded in 1983 in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
An early voice concerned about the social and ethical implications of modern genetic technologies, CRG organized a 1985 Congress... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20diary | An online diary or web diary, is a personal diary or journal that is published on the World Wide Web on a personal website or a diary-hosting website.
Overview
Online diaries have existed since at least 1994. As a community formed, these publications came to be almost exclusively known as online journals. Today they ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screenless%20hammer%20mill | The screenless hammer mill, like regular hammer mills, is used to pound grain. However, rather than a screen, it uses air flow to separate small particles from larger ones.
Conventional hammer mills in poor and remote areas, such as many parts of Africa, suffer from the problem that screens break easily, and cannot b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%E2%80%93Szekeres%20theorem | In mathematics, the Erdős–Szekeres theorem asserts that, given r, s, any sequence of distinct real numbers with length at least (r − 1)(s − 1) + 1 contains a monotonically increasing subsequence of length r or a monotonically decreasing subsequence of length s. The proof appeared in the same 1935 paper that mentions th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiorespiratory%20fitness | Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) refers to the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen to skeletal muscles during sustained physical activity. Scientists and researchers use CRF to assess the functional capacity of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. These functions include ventilatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tverberg%27s%20theorem | In discrete geometry, Tverberg's theorem, first stated by Helge Tverberg in 1966, is the result that sufficiently many points in d-dimensional Euclidean space can be partitioned into subsets with intersecting convex hulls. Specifically, for any positive integers d, r and any set of
points there exists a point x (not n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urca%20process | In astroparticle physics, an Urca process is a reaction which emits a neutrino and which is assumed to take part in cooling processes in neutron stars and white dwarfs. The process was first discussed by George Gamow and Mário Schenberg while they were visiting a casino named Cassino da Urca in Urca, Rio de Janeiro. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartan%20formula | In mathematics, Cartan formula can mean:
one in differential geometry: , where , and are Lie derivative, exterior derivative, and interior product, respectively, acting on differential forms. See interior product for the detail. It is also called the Cartan homotopy formula or Cartan magic formula. This formula is n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20intersection | In mathematics, an algebraic variety V in projective space is a complete intersection if the ideal of V is generated by exactly codim V elements. That is, if V has dimension m and lies in projective space Pn, there should exist n − m homogeneous polynomials:
in the homogeneous coordinates Xj, which generate all other... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20textbooks%20in%20thermodynamics%20and%20statistical%20mechanics | A list of notable textbooks in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, arranged by category and date.
Only or mainly thermodynamics
Both thermodynamics and statistical mechanics
2e Kittel, Charles; and Kroemer, Herbert (1980) New York: W.H. Freeman
2e (1988) Chichester: Wiley , .
(1990) New York: Dover
Sta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20fasciae%20latae%20muscle | The tensor fasciae latae (or tensor fasciæ latæ or, formerly, tensor vaginae femoris) is a muscle of the thigh. Together with the gluteus maximus, it acts on the iliotibial band and is continuous with the iliotibial tract, which attaches to the tibia. The muscle assists in keeping the balance of the pelvis while standi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing%20mark | A timing mark is an indicator used for setting the timing of the ignition system of an engine, typically found on the crankshaft pulley (as pictured) or the flywheel. These have the largest radius rotating at crankshaft speed and therefore are the place where marks at one degree intervals will be farthest apart.
On ol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIO | GIO is a computer bus standard developed by SGI and used in a variety of their products in the 1990s as their primary expansion system. GIO was similar in concept to competing standards such as NuBus or (later) PCI, but saw little use outside SGI and severely limited the devices available on their platform as a result.... |
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