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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glory%20hole
A glory hole (also spelled gloryhole and glory-hole) is a hole in a wall or partition, often between public lavatory cubicles or sex video arcade booths and lounges, for people to engage in sexual activity or observe the person on the opposite side. Glory holes are especially associated with gay male culture, and anal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Mobile%20Terminal%20Platform
The Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) was a forum created by mobile network operators to discuss standards with manufacturers of mobile phones and other mobile devices. During its lifetime, the OMTP included manufacturers such as Huawei, LG Electronics, Motorola, Nokia, Samsung and Sony Ericsson. Membership OMTP w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%E2%80%93temporal%20reasoning
Spatial–temporal reasoning is an area of artificial intelligence that draws from the fields of computer science, cognitive science, and cognitive psychology. The theoretic goal—on the cognitive side—involves representing and reasoning spatial-temporal knowledge in mind. The applied goal—on the computing side—involves d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20moon%20%28ice%20cream%29
Blue moon is an ice cream flavor with bright blue coloring, available in the Upper Midwest of the United States. Multiple cities in the region claim to be the originator, with the popular theories including Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and Ludington, Michigan. The Chicago Tribune has described the ice cream as "Smurf-blue, ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpetual%20beta
Perpetual beta is the keeping of software or a system at the beta development stage for an extended or indefinite period of time. It is often used by developers when they continue to release new features that might not be fully tested. Perpetual beta software is not recommended for mission critical machines. However, m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pwpaw
PWPAW A Projector Augmented Wave (PAW) code for electronic structure calculation. It is a free software package, distributed under the copyleft GNU General Public License. It is a plane wave implementation of the projector augmented wave (PAW) method developed by Peter E. Blöchl for electronic structure calculations wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FD%20Trinitron/WEGA
FD Trinitron/WEGA is Sony's flat version of the Trinitron picture tube. This technology was also used in computer monitors bearing the Trinitron mark. The FD Trinitron used computer-controlled feedback systems to ensure sharp focus across a flat screen. The FD Trinitron reduces the amount of glare on the screen by refl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20SAN%20Volume%20Controller
The IBM SAN Volume Controller (SVC) is a block storage virtualization appliance that belongs to the IBM System Storage product family. SVC implements an indirection, or "virtualization", layer in a Fibre Channel storage area network (SAN). Architecture The IBM 2145 SAN Volume Controller (SVC) is an inline virtualizat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20accelerators%20in%20particle%20physics
A list of particle accelerators used for particle physics experiments. Some early particle accelerators that more properly did nuclear physics, but existed prior to the separation of particle physics from that field, are also included. Although a modern accelerator complex usually has several stages of accelerators, on...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20Instrumentation%20Module
The Nuclear Instrumentation Module (NIM) standard defines mechanical and electrical specifications for electronics modules used in experimental particle and nuclear physics. The concept of modules in electronic systems offers enormous advantages in flexibility, interchange of instruments, reduced design effort, ease in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mating%20of%20yeast
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a simple single-celled eukaryote with both a diploid and haploid mode of existence. The mating of yeast only occurs between haploids, which can be either the a or α (alpha) mating type and thus display simple sexual differentiation. Mating type is determined by a single locus, MAT,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%207070
IBM 7070 is a decimal-architecture intermediate data-processing system that was introduced by IBM in 1958. It was part of the IBM 700/7000 series, and was based on discrete transistors rather than the vacuum tubes of the 1950s. It was the company's first transistorized stored-program computer. The 7070 was expected to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpora%20amylacea
Corpora amylacea (CA) (from the Latin meaning "starch-like bodies;" also known as wasteosomes) is a general term for small hyaline masses found in the prostate gland, nervous system, lung, and sometimes in other organs of the body. Corpora amylacea increase in number and size with advancing age, although this increase...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DREAM%20%28software%29
The Distributed Real-time Embedded Analysis Method (DREAM) is a platform-independent open-source tool for the verification and analysis of distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems which focuses on the practical application of formal verification and timing analysis to real-time middleware. DREAM supports forma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extramedullary%20hematopoiesis
Extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH or sometimes EH) refers to hematopoiesis occurring outside of the medulla of the bone (bone marrow). It can be physiologic or pathologic. Physiologic EMH occurs during embryonic and fetal development; during this time the main site of fetal hematopoiesis are liver and the spleen. Pat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20and%20negative%20parts
In mathematics, the positive part of a real or extended real-valued function is defined by the formula Intuitively, the graph of is obtained by taking the graph of , chopping off the part under the x-axis, and letting take the value zero there. Similarly, the negative part of f is defined as Note that both f+ and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic%20conduction
In mesoscopic physics, ballistic conduction (ballistic transport) is the unimpeded flow (or transport) of charge carriers (usually electrons), or energy-carrying particles, over relatively long distances in a material. In general, the resistivity of a material exists because an electron, while moving inside a medium, i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levenshtein%20automaton
In computer science, a Levenshtein automaton for a string w and a number n is a finite-state automaton that can recognize the set of all strings whose Levenshtein distance from w is at most n. That is, a string x is in the formal language recognized by the Levenshtein automaton if and only if x can be transformed into ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration%20state%20function
In quantum chemistry, a configuration state function (CSF), is a symmetry-adapted linear combination of Slater determinants. A CSF must not be confused with a configuration. In general, one configuration gives rise to several CSFs; all have the same total quantum numbers for spin and spatial parts but differ in their i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine-125
Iodine-125 (125I) is a radioisotope of iodine which has uses in biological assays, nuclear medicine imaging and in radiation therapy as brachytherapy to treat a number of conditions, including prostate cancer, uveal melanomas, and brain tumors. It is the second longest-lived radioisotope of iodine, after iodine-129. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparian%20zone
A riparian zone or riparian area is the interface between land and a river or stream. In some regions, the terms riparian woodland, riparian forest, riparian buffer zone, riparian corridor, and riparian strip are used to characterize a riparian zone. The word riparian is derived from Latin ripa, meaning "river bank". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20calculus
Network calculus is "a set of mathematical results which give insights into man-made systems such as concurrent programs, digital circuits and communication networks." Network calculus gives a theoretical framework for analysing performance guarantees in computer networks. As traffic flows through a network it is subje...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simple%20Grid%20Protocol
Simple Grid Protocol is a free open source grid computing package. Developed & maintained by Brendan Kosowski, the package includes the protocol & software tools needed to get a computational grid up and running on Linux & BSD. Coded in SBCL (Steel Bank Common Lisp), Simple Grid Protocol allows computer programs to ut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%20signature
A group signature scheme is a method for allowing a member of a group to anonymously sign a message on behalf of the group. The concept was first introduced by David Chaum and Eugene van Heyst in 1991. For example, a group signature scheme could be used by an employee of a large company where it is sufficient for a ver...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleanroom%20software%20engineering
The cleanroom software engineering process is a software development process intended to produce software with a certifiable level of reliability. The central principles are software development based on formal methods, incremental implementation under statistical quality control, and statistically sound testing. His...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent%20Communications%20Language
Agent Communication Language (ACL), proposed by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA), is a proposed standard language for agent communications. Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language (KQML) is another proposed standard. The most popular ACLs are: FIPA-ACL (by the Foundation for Intelligent Physi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20succession
Secondary succession is the secondary ecological succession of a plant's life. As opposed to the first, primary succession, secondary succession is a process started by an event (e.g. forest fire, harvesting, hurricane, etc.) that reduces an already established ecosystem (e.g. a forest or a wheat field) to a smaller po...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Aitken
Alexander Craig "Alec" Aitken (1 April 1895 – 3 November 1967) was one of New Zealand's most eminent mathematicians. In a 1935 paper he introduced the concept of generalized least squares, along with now standard vector/matrix notation for the linear regression model. Another influential paper co-authored with his st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polignac%27s%20conjecture
In number theory, Polignac's conjecture was made by Alphonse de Polignac in 1849 and states: For any positive even number n, there are infinitely many prime gaps of size n. In other words: There are infinitely many cases of two consecutive prime numbers with difference n. Although the conjecture has not yet been prove...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20roll
The alpha roll is a dog training technique that is considered outdated by many modern-day dog trainers. The theory behind the training method is that dogs are hierarchical animals. The technique is used to teach the dog that the trainer or owner of the dog is the pack leader (alpha animal). Methods include when a dog m...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Darwin%20Research%20Station
Charles Darwin Research Station (CDRS) (, ECCD) is a biological research station in Puerto Ayora, Santa Cruz Island, Galápagos, Ecuador. The station is operated by the Charles Darwin Foundation which was founded in 1959 under the auspices of UNESCO and the World Conservation Union. The research station serves as the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zsef%20Beck
József Beck (Budapest, Hungary, February 14, 1952) is a Harold H. Martin Professor of Mathematics at Rutgers University. His contributions to combinatorics include the partial colouring lemma and the Beck–Fiala theorem in discrepancy theory, the algorithmic version of the Lovász local lemma, the two extremes theorem i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign%20extension
Sign extension (sometimes abbreviated as sext, particularly in mnemonics) is the operation, in computer arithmetic, of increasing the number of bits of a binary number while preserving the number's sign (positive/negative) and value. This is done by appending digits to the most significant side of the number, following...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel%20Bank%20Common%20Lisp
Steel Bank Common Lisp (SBCL) is a free Common Lisp implementation that features a high-performance native compiler, Unicode support and threading. The name "Steel Bank Common Lisp" is a reference to Carnegie Mellon University Common Lisp from which SBCL forked: Andrew Carnegie made his fortune in the steel industry a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racket%20%28programming%20language%29
Racket is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language and a multi-platform distribution that includes the Racket language, compiler, large standard library, IDE, development tools, and a set of additional languages including Typed Racket (a sister language of Racket with a static type-checker), Swindle, FrTi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%E2%80%93Khinchin%20theorem
In applied mathematics, the Wiener–Khinchin theorem or Wiener–Khintchine theorem, also known as the Wiener–Khinchin–Einstein theorem or the Khinchin–Kolmogorov theorem, states that the autocorrelation function of a wide-sense-stationary random process has a spectral decomposition given by the power spectral density of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gompertz%20function
The Gompertz curve or Gompertz function is a type of mathematical model for a time series, named after Benjamin Gompertz (1779–1865). It is a sigmoid function which describes growth as being slowest at the start and end of a given time period. The right-side or future value asymptote of the function is approached much ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersingular%20variety
In mathematics, a supersingular variety is (usually) a smooth projective variety in nonzero characteristic such that for all n the slopes of the Newton polygon of the nth crystalline cohomology are all n/2 . For special classes of varieties such as elliptic curves it is common to use various ad hoc definitions of "supe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walker%E2%80%93Warburg%20syndrome
Walker–Warburg syndrome (WWS), also called Warburg syndrome, Chemke syndrome, HARD syndrome (Hydrocephalus, Agyria and Retinal Dysplasia), Pagon syndrome, cerebroocular dysgenesis (COD) or cerebroocular dysplasia-muscular dystrophy syndrome (COD-MD), is a rare form of autosomal recessive congenital muscular dystrophy. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20satisfiability%20problem
In computational complexity theory, the maximum satisfiability problem (MAX-SAT) is the problem of determining the maximum number of clauses, of a given Boolean formula in conjunctive normal form, that can be made true by an assignment of truth values to the variables of the formula. It is a generalization of the Boole...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map%20communication%20model
The Map Communication Model is a theory in cartography that characterizes mapping as a process of transmitting geographic information via the map from the cartographer to the end-user. It was perhaps the first paradigm to gain widespread acceptance in cartography in the international cartographic community and between ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard%20band
A Lombard band is a decorative blind arcade, usually located on the exterior of building. It was frequently used during the Romanesque and Gothic periods of Western architecture. It resembles a frieze of arches. Lombard bands are believed to have been first used during the First Romanesque period, in the early 11th ce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20transform
In mathematics, a wavelet series is a representation of a square-integrable (real- or complex-valued) function by a certain orthonormal series generated by a wavelet. This article provides a formal, mathematical definition of an orthonormal wavelet and of the integral wavelet transform. Definition A function is calle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost-canceling%20reference
Ghost-canceling reference (GCR) is a special sub-signal on a television channel that receivers can use to compensate for the ghosting effect of a television signal distorted by multipath propagation between transmitter and receiver. In the United States, the GCR signal is a chirp in frequency of the modulating signal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossa%20for%20lacrimal%20gland
The lacrimal fossa (or fossa for lacrimal gland) is located on the inferior surface of each orbital plate of the frontal bone. It is smooth and concave, and presents, laterally, underneath the zygomatic process, a shallow depression for the lacrimal gland. See also Fossa for lacrimal sac
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20invasion%20biology%20terms
The need for a clearly defined and consistent invasion biology terminology has been acknowledged by many sources. Invasive species, or invasive exotics, is a nomenclature term and categorization phrase used for flora and fauna, and for specific restoration-preservation processes in native habitats. Invasion biology is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual%20wavelet
In mathematics, a dual wavelet is the dual to a wavelet. In general, the wavelet series generated by a square-integrable function will have a dual series, in the sense of the Riesz representation theorem. However, the dual series is not itself in general representable by a square-integrable function. Definition Given ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beer%20Barrel%20Man
The Barrelman is a mascot logo used by two baseball teams in Milwaukee nicknamed "Brewers". Introduction The character was first used in the 1940s by the Milwaukee Brewers, a Minor League Baseball team based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. At the time, he was known as "Owgust". With a beer barrel for a torso and tap for hi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Andrews%20%28mathematician%29
George Eyre Andrews (born December 4, 1938) is an American mathematician working in special functions, number theory, analysis and combinatorics. Education and career He is currently an Evan Pugh Professor of Mathematics at Pennsylvania State University. He did his undergraduate studies at Oregon State University and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroportin
Ferroportin-1, also known as solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) or iron-regulated transporter 1 (IREG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC40A1 gene, and is part of the Ferroportin (Fpn) Family (TC# 2.A.100). Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that transports iron from the inside of a cell t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial%20intelligence
Microbial intelligence (known as bacterial intelligence) is the intelligence shown by microorganisms. The concept encompasses complex adaptive behavior shown by single cells, and altruistic or cooperative behavior in populations of like or unlike cells mediated by chemical signalling that induces physiological or behav...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20influences%20on%20fitness%20behavior
Physical fitness is maintained by a range of physical activities. Physical activity is defined by the World Health Organization as "any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure." Human factors and social influences are important in starting and maintaining such activities. Social en...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emerald%20network
The Emerald network is a network of Areas of Special Conservation Interest to conserve wild flora and fauna and their natural habitats of Europe, which was launched in 1989 by the Council of Europe as part of its work under the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats that came int...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear%20control
Nonlinear control theory is the area of control theory which deals with systems that are nonlinear, time-variant, or both. Control theory is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering and mathematics that is concerned with the behavior of dynamical systems with inputs, and how to modify the output by changes in the in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldenhar%20syndrome
Goldenhar syndrome is a rare congenital defect characterized by incomplete development of the ear, nose, soft palate, lip and mandible on usually one side of the body. Common clinical manifestations include limbal dermoids, preauricular skin tags and strabismus. It is associated with anomalous development of the first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20SystemWorks
Norton SystemWorks is a discontinued utility software suite by Symantec Corp. It integrates three of Symantec's most popular products – Norton Utilities, Norton CrashGuard and Norton AntiVirus – into one program designed to simplify solving common PC issues. Backup software was added later to high-end editions. SystemW...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incubator%20%28culture%29
An incubator is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the CO2 and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. Incubators are essential for much experimental work in cell biology, microbiology and mole...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20%C3%89mile%20Appell
M. P. Appell is the same person: it stands for Monsieur Paul Appell. Paul Émile Appell (27 September 1855, in Strasbourg – 24 October 1930, in Paris) was a French mathematician and Rector of the University of Paris. Appell polynomials and Appell's equations of motion are named after him, as is rue Paul Appell in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20instrumentation
Virtual instrumentation is the use of customizable software and modular measurement hardware to create user-defined measurement systems, called virtual instruments. Traditional hardware instrumentation systems are made up of fixed hardware components, such as digital multimeters and oscilloscopes that are completely s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countercontrol
Countercontrol is a term used by Dr. B.F. Skinner in 1953 as a functional class in the analysis of social behavior. Opposition or resistance to intervention defines countercontrol, however little systematic research has been conducted to document its occurrence. Skinner also distinguished it from the literature of fre...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicotiana%20benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamiana, colloquially known as benth or benthi, is a species of Nicotiana indigenous to Australia. It is a close relative of tobacco. A synonym for this species is Nicotiana suaveolens var. cordifolia, a description given by George Bentham in Flora Australiensis in 1868. This was transferred to Nicotiana...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20Management%20Mode
System Management Mode (SMM, sometimes called ring −2 in reference to protection rings) is an operating mode of x86 central processor units (CPUs) in which all normal execution, including the operating system, is suspended. An alternate software system which usually resides in the computer's firmware, or a hardware-as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoicy
Monoicy () is a sexual system in haploid plants (mainly bryophytes) where both sperm and eggs are produced on the same gametophyte, in contrast with dioicy, where each gametophyte produces only sperm or eggs but never both. Both monoicous () and dioicous gametophytes produce gametes in gametangia by mitosis rather th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green-beard%20effect
The green-beard effect is a thought experiment used in evolutionary biology to explain selective altruism among individuals of a species. The idea of a green-beard gene was proposed by William D. Hamilton in his articles of 1964, and got the name from the example used by Richard Dawkins ("I have a green beard and I w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20%28optics%29
In optics, a ray is an idealized geometrical model of light or other electromagnetic radiation, obtained by choosing a curve that is perpendicular to the wavefronts of the actual light, and that points in the direction of energy flow. Rays are used to model the propagation of light through an optical system, by dividi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie%20Mellon%20University%20Usable%20Privacy%20and%20Security%20Laboratory
The Carnegie Mellon University Usable Privacy and Security Laboratory (CUPS) was established in the Spring of 2004 to bring together Carnegie Mellon University researchers working on a diverse set of projects related to understanding and improving the usability of privacy and security software and systems. The privacy ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%27s%20test
Patrick's test or FABER test is performed to evaluate pathology of the hip joint or the sacroiliac joint. The test is performed by having the tested leg flexed and the thigh abducted and externally rotated. If pain is elicited on the ipsilateral side anteriorly, it is suggestive of a hip joint disorder on the same sid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rho%28D%29%20immune%20globulin
Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIG) is a medication used to prevent RhD isoimmunization in mothers who are RhD negative and to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in people who are Rh positive. It is often given both during and following pregnancy. It may also be used when RhD-negative people are given RhD-positi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular%20matrix
An irregular matrix, or ragged matrix, is a matrix that has a different number of elements in each row. Ragged matrices are not used in linear algebra, since standard matrix transformations cannot be performed on them, but they are useful in computing as arrays which are called jagged arrays. Irregular matrices are typ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20method
The Moore method is a deductive manner of instruction used in advanced mathematics courses. It is named after Robert Lee Moore, a famous topologist who first used a stronger version of the method at the University of Pennsylvania when he began teaching there in 1911. (Zitarelli, 2004) The way the course is conducted v...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20reproduction
Artificial reproduction is the re-creation of life by other than the natural means and natural causes. It involves building of new life following human plans and projects. Examples include, artificial selection, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, artificial womb, artificial cloning, and kinematic replica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20algorithm
A distributed algorithm is an algorithm designed to run on computer hardware constructed from interconnected processors. Distributed algorithms are used in different application areas of distributed computing, such as telecommunications, scientific computing, distributed information processing, and real-time process co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20convolution
Circular convolution, also known as cyclic convolution, is a special case of periodic convolution, which is the convolution of two periodic functions that have the same period. Periodic convolution arises, for example, in the context of the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT). In particular, the DTFT of the produc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20energy%20budget%20theory
The dynamic energy budget (DEB) theory is a formal metabolic theory which provides a single quantitative framework to dynamically describe the aspects of metabolism (energy and mass budgets) of all living organisms at the individual level, based on assumptions about energy uptake, storage, and utilization of various su...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flucytosine
Flucytosine, also known as 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), is an antifungal medication. It is specifically used, together with amphotericin B, for serious Candida infections and cryptococcosis. It may be used by itself or with other antifungals for chromomycosis. Flucytosine is used by mouth and by injection into a vein. Com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-2%20microglobulin
β2 microglobulin (B2M) is a component of MHC class I molecules. MHC class I molecules have α1, α2, and α3 proteins which are present on all nucleated cells (excluding red blood cells). In humans, the β2 microglobulin protein is encoded by the B2M gene. Structure and function β2 microglobulin lies beside the α3 chain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weak%20formulation
Weak formulations are important tools for the analysis of mathematical equations that permit the transfer of concepts of linear algebra to solve problems in other fields such as partial differential equations. In a weak formulation, equations or conditions are no longer required to hold absolutely (and this is not even...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare
Cyberwarfare is the use of cyber attacks against an enemy state, causing comparable harm to actual warfare and/or disrupting vital computer systems. Some intended outcomes could be espionage, sabotage, propaganda, manipulation or economic warfare. There is significant debate among experts regarding the definition of c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferromagnetic%20resonance
Ferromagnetic resonance, or FMR, is coupling between an electromagnetic wave and the magnetization of a medium through which it passes. This coupling induces a significant loss of power of the wave. The power is absorbed by the precessing magnetization (Larmor precession) of the material and lost as heat. For this co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials%20informatics
Materials informatics is a field of study that applies the principles of informatics and data science to materials science and engineering to improve the understanding, use, selection, development, and discovery of materials. The term "materials informatics" is frequently used interchangeably with "data science", "mach...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20novo%20mutation
A de novo mutation (DNM) is any mutation or alteration in the genome of an individual organism (human, animal, plant, microbe, etc.) that was not inherited from its parents. This type of mutation spontaneously occurs during the process of DNA replication during cell division. De novo mutations, by definition, are prese...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoinduced%20charge%20separation
Photoinduced charge separation is the process of an electron in an atom or molecule, being excited to a higher energy level by the absorption of a photon and then leaving the atom or molecule to free space, or to a nearby electron acceptor. Rutherford model An atom consists of a positively-charged nucleus surrounded b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20input%20methods%20for%20Unix%20platforms
This is intended as a non-exhaustive list of input methods for Unix platforms. An input method is a means of entering characters and glyphs that have a corresponding encoding in a character set. See the input method page for more information. Input methods Unix Computing-related lists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron%27s%20fountain
Heron's fountain is a hydraulic machine invented by the 1st century AD inventor, mathematician, and physicist Hero of Alexandria. Heron studied the pressure of air and steam, described the first steam engine, and built toys that would spurt water, one of them known as Heron's fountain. Various versions of Heron's foun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20art
__notoc__ String art or pin and thread art, is characterized by an arrangement of colored thread strung between points to form geometric patterns or representational designs such as a ship's sails, sometimes with other artist material comprising the remainder of the work. Thread, wire, or string is wound around a grid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond-square%20algorithm
The diamond-square algorithm is a method for generating heightmaps for computer graphics. It is a slightly better algorithm than the three-dimensional implementation of the midpoint displacement algorithm, which produces two-dimensional landscapes. It is also known as the random midpoint displacement fractal, the clou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2031-7
ISO 31-7 is the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines names and symbols for quantities and units related to acoustics. It is superseded by ISO 80000-8. Its definitions include: Acoustics 00031-07
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2031-11
ISO 31-11:1992 was the part of international standard ISO 31 that defines mathematical signs and symbols for use in physical sciences and technology. It was superseded in 2009 by ISO 80000-2:2009 and subsequently revised in 2019 as ISO-80000-2:2019. Its definitions include the following: Mathematical logic Sets Mis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metacarpophalangeal%20joint
The metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP) are situated between the metacarpal bones and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These joints are of the condyloid kind, formed by the reception of the rounded heads of the metacarpal bones into shallow cavities on the proximal ends of the proximal phalanges. Being condyloid, th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majority%20logic%20decoding
In error detection and correction, majority logic decoding is a method to decode repetition codes, based on the assumption that the largest number of occurrences of a symbol was the transmitted symbol. Theory In a binary alphabet made of , if a repetition code is used, then each input bit is mapped to the code word a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated%20aging
Accelerated aging is testing that uses aggravated conditions of heat, humidity, oxygen, sunlight, vibration, etc. to speed up the normal aging processes of items. It is used to help determine the long-term effects of expected levels of stress within a shorter time, usually in a laboratory by controlled standard test me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duality%20%28optimization%29
In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization problem (and vice versa). Any feasible solution...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20cross
Under the law of dominance in genetics, an individual expressing a dominant phenotype could contain either two copies of the dominant allele (homozygous dominant) or one copy of each dominant and recessive allele (heterozygous dominant). By performing a test cross, one can determine whether the individual is heterozygo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-point%20cross
In genetics, a three-point cross is used to determine the loci of three genes in an organism's genome. An individual heterozygous for three mutations is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual, and the phenotypes of the progeny are scored. The two most common phenotypes that result are the parental gametes; the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinner%20%28cell%20culture%29
A Spinner is a type of bioreactor which features an impeller, stirrer or similar device to agitate the contents (usually a mixture of cells, medium and products like proteins that can be harvested). The vessels are usually made out of glass or stainless steel with port holes to accommodate sensors, Medium input or gas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hull%20number
A hull number is a serial identification number given to a boat or ship. For the military, a lower number implies an older vessel. For civilian use, the HIN is used to trace the boat's history. The precise usage varies by country and type. United States usage Civilian use For civilian craft manufactured in the United...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%20systems%20engineering%20and%20management
Earth systems engineering and management (ESEM) is a discipline used to analyze, design, engineer and manage complex environmental systems. It entails a wide range of subject areas including anthropology, engineering, environmental science, ethics and philosophy. At its core, ESEM looks to "rationally design and manage...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporation%20for%20Education%20Network%20Initiatives%20in%20California
The Corporation for Education Network Initiatives in California (CENIC ( )) is a nonprofit corporation formed in 1997 to provide high-performance, high-bandwidth networking services to California universities and research institutions. Through this corporation, representatives from all of California's K-20 public educ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%E2%80%93fungus%20mutualism
The ant–fungus mutualism is a symbiosis seen between certain ant and fungal species, in which ants actively cultivate fungus much like humans farm crops as a food source. There is only evidence of two instances in which this form of agriculture evolved in ants resulting in a dependence on fungi for food. These instance...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20network
In queueing theory, a discipline within the mathematical theory of probability, a Jackson network (sometimes Jacksonian network) is a class of queueing network where the equilibrium distribution is particularly simple to compute as the network has a product-form solution. It was the first significant development in the...