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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonym.OS | Anonym.OS was a Live CD operating system based on OpenBSD 3.8 with strong encryption and anonymization tools. The goal of the project was to provide secure, anonymous web browsing access to everyday users. The operating system was OpenBSD 3.8, although many packages have been added to facilitate its goal. It used Fluxb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20nonsatiation | In microeconomics, the property of local nonsatiation (LNS) of consumer preferences states that for any bundle of goods there is always another bundle of goods arbitrarily close that is strictly preferred to it.
Formally, if X is the consumption set, then for any and every , there exists a such that and is strictl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemniscate%20elliptic%20functions | In mathematics, the lemniscate elliptic functions are elliptic functions related to the arc length of the lemniscate of Bernoulli. They were first studied by Giulio Fagnano in 1718 and later by Leonhard Euler and Carl Friedrich Gauss, among others.
The lemniscate sine and lemniscate cosine functions, usually written w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supervisory%20control%20theory | The supervisory control theory (SCT), also known as the Ramadge–Wonham framework (RW framework), is a method for automatically synthesizing supervisors that restrict the behavior of a plant such that as much as possible of the given specifications are fulfilled. The plant is assumed to spontaneously generate events. Th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropyl%20acetate | Isopropyl acetate is an ester, an organic compound which is the product of esterification of acetic acid and isopropanol. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic fruity odor.
Isopropyl acetate is a solvent with a wide variety of manufacturing uses that is miscible with most other organic solvents, and s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleomorphism%20%28microbiology%29 | In microbiology, pleomorphism (from Ancient Greek , pléō, "more", and , morphḗ, form), also pleiomorphism, is the ability of some microorganisms to alter their morphology, biological functions or reproductive modes in response to environmental conditions. Pleomorphism has been observed in some members of the Deinococca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confluence%20%28abstract%20rewriting%29 | In computer science, confluence is a property of rewriting systems, describing which terms in such a system can be rewritten in more than one way, to yield the same result. This article describes the properties in the most abstract setting of an abstract rewriting system.
Motivating examples
The usual rules of eleme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged%20pointer | In computer science, a tagged pointer is a pointer (concretely a memory address) with additional data associated with it, such as an indirection bit or reference count. This additional data is often "folded" into the pointer, meaning stored inline in the data representing the address, taking advantage of certain proper... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SU-8%20photoresist | SU-8 is a commonly used epoxy-based negative photoresist. Negative refers to a photoresist whereby the parts exposed to UV become cross-linked, while the remainder of the film remains soluble and can be washed away during development.
As shown in the structural diagram, SU-8 derives its name from the presence of 8 epo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XX%20male%20syndrome | XX male syndrome, also known as de la Chapelle syndrome, is a rare congenital intersex condition in which an individual with a 46,XX karyotype (otherwise associated with females) has phenotypically male characteristics that can vary among cases. Synonyms include 46,XX testicular difference of sex development (46,XX DSD... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre%20Leader | Imre Bennett Leader (born 30 October 1963) is a British mathematician, a professor in DPMMS at the University of Cambridge working in the field of combinatorics. He is also known as an Othello player.
Life
He is the son of the physicist Elliot Leader and his first wife Ninon Neményi, previously married to the poet End... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20reduction | In the mathematical field of graph theory, a transitive reduction of a directed graph is another directed graph with the same vertices and as few edges as possible, such that for all pairs of vertices , a (directed) path from to in exists if and only if such a path exists in the reduction. Transitive reductions we... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Jablonski | David Ira Jablonski (born 1953) is an American professor of geophysical sciences at the University of Chicago. His research focuses upon the ecology and biogeography of the origin of major novelties, the evolutionary role of mass extinctions—in particular the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event—and other large-scale ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDC%201604 | The CDC 1604 was a 48-bit computer designed and manufactured by Seymour Cray and his team at the Control Data Corporation (CDC). The 1604 is known as one of the first commercially successful transistorized computers. (The IBM 7090 was delivered earlier, in November 1959.) Legend has it that the 1604 designation was ch... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martingale%20representation%20theorem | In probability theory, the martingale representation theorem states that a random variable that is measurable with respect to the filtration generated by a Brownian motion can be written in terms of an Itô integral with respect to this Brownian motion.
The theorem only asserts the existence of the representation and d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrub%E2%80%93steppe | Shrub-steppe is a type of low-rainfall natural grassland. While arid, shrub-steppes have sufficient moisture to support a cover of perennial grasses or shrubs, a feature which distinguishes them from deserts.
The primary ecological processes historically at work in shrub-steppe ecosystems are drought and fire. Shrub-s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcissistic%20number | In number theory, a narcissistic number (also known as a pluperfect digital invariant (PPDI), an Armstrong number (after Michael F. Armstrong) or a plus perfect number) in a given number base is a number that is the sum of its own digits each raised to the power of the number of digits.
Definition
Let be a natural n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular%20configuration | The molecular configuration of a molecule is the permanent geometry that results from the spatial arrangement of its bonds. The ability of the same set of atoms to form two or more molecules with different configurations is stereoisomerism. This is distinct from constitutional isomerism which arises from atoms being co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy%20software | Privacy software is software built to protect the privacy of its users. The software typically works in conjunction with Internet usage to control or limit the amount of information made available to third parties. The software can apply encryption or filtering of various kinds.
Types of protection
Privacy software ca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arid%20Lands%20Ecology%20Reserve | The Arid Land Ecology Reserve (ALE) is the largest tract of shrub-steppe ecosystem remaining in the U.S. state of Washington. It is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (which is operated for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute). The 320 km² are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lability | Lability refers to something that is constantly undergoing change or is likely to undergo change.
Biochemistry
In reference to biochemistry, this is an important concept as far as kinetics is concerned in metalloproteins. This can allow for the rapid synthesis and degradation of substrates in biological systems.
Biol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer%20extension | Primer extension is a technique whereby the 5' ends of RNA can be mapped - that is, they can be sequenced and properly identified.
Primer extension can be used to determine the start site of transcription (the end site cannot be determined by this method) by which its sequence is known. This technique requires a radi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resiniferatoxin | Resiniferatoxin (RTX) is a naturally occurring chemical found in resin spurge (Euphorbia resinifera), a cactus-like plant commonly found in Morocco, and in Euphorbia poissonii found in northern Nigeria. It is a potent functional analog of capsaicin, the active ingredient in chili peppers.
Biological activity
Resinifer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kronecker%27s%20lemma | In mathematics, Kronecker's lemma (see, e.g., ) is a result about the relationship between convergence of infinite sums and convergence of sequences. The lemma is often used in the proofs of theorems concerning sums of independent random variables such as the strong Law of large numbers. The lemma is named after the Ge... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent%20signal | Permanent signal (PS) in American telephony terminology, or permanent loop in British usage, is a condition in which a POTS line is off-hook without connection for an extended period of time. This is indicated in modern switches by the silent termination after the off-hook tone times out and the telephone exchange comp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation%20frequency | Mutation frequency and mutation rates are highly correlated to each other. Mutation frequencies test are cost effective in laboratories however; these two concepts provide vital information in reference to accounting for the emergence of mutations on any given germ line.
There are several test utilized in measuring t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warp%20%26%20Warp | is a multidirectional shooter arcade video game developed and published by Namco in 1981. It was released by Rock-Ola in North America as Warp Warp. The game was ported to the Sord M5 and MSX. A sequel, Warpman, was released in 1985 for the Family Computer with additional enemy types, power-ups, and improved graphics a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lupinine | Lupinine is a quinolizidine alkaloid present in the genus Lupinus (colloquially referred to as lupins) of the flowering plant family Fabaceae. The scientific literature contains many reports on the isolation and synthesis of this compound as well as a vast number of studies on its biosynthesis from its natural precurso... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux%20Security%20Modules | Linux Security Modules (LSM) is a framework allowing the Linux kernel to support without bias a variety of computer security models. LSM is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License and is a standard part of the Linux kernel since Linux 2.6. AppArmor, SELinux, Smack, and TOMOYO Linux are the currently ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esterase | In biochemistry, an esterase is a class of enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis (and as such, it is a type of hydrolase).
A wide range of different esterases exist that differ in their substrate specificity, their protein structure, and their biologi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish%20Defence%20Forces%20cap%20badge | The Irish Defence Forces Cap Badge (or "FF badge" as it is sometimes called) is common to all services and corps of the Irish Defence Forces. Although principally associated with the Irish Army (Defence Force regulations in fact describe it as "the Army Badge") it is also worn by and appears in elements of the insignia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic%20mapper | A semantic mapper is tool or service that aids in the transformation of data elements from one namespace into another namespace. A semantic mapper is an essential component of a semantic broker and one tool that is enabled by the Semantic Web technologies.
Essentially the problems arising in semantic mapping are the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20dependent%20vector%20field | In mathematics, a time dependent vector field is a construction in vector calculus which generalizes the concept of vector fields. It can be thought of as a vector field which moves as time passes. For every instant of time, it associates a vector to every point in a Euclidean space or in a manifold.
Definition
A time... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteochondritis%20dissecans | Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD or OD) is a joint disorder primarily of the subchondral bone in which cracks form in the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone. OCD usually causes pain during and after sports. In later stages of the disorder there will be swelling of the affected joint which catches and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fecal%20microbiota%20transplant | Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), also known as a stool transplant, is the process of transferring fecal bacteria and other microbes from a healthy individual into another individual. FMT is an effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). For recurrent CDI, FMT is more effective than vancomycin al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20%26%20Balloon | is a fixed shooter arcade video game released by Namco in 1980 and licensed to GamePlan for U.S. manufacture and distribution. It runs upon the Namco Galaxian hardware, based on the Z80 microprocessor, with an extra Zilog Z80 microprocessor to drive a DAC for speech; it was one of the first games to have speech synthes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20mitochondrial%20membrane | The inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM) is the mitochondrial membrane which separates the mitochondrial matrix from the intermembrane space.
Structure
The structure of the inner mitochondrial membrane is extensively folded and compartmentalized. The numerous invaginations of the membrane are called cristae, separated b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20Internet%20Communicator | The Personal Internet Communicator (PIC) is a consumer device released by AMD in 2004 to allow people in emerging countries access to the internet. Originally part of AMD's 50x15 Initiative, the PIC has been deployed by Internet service providers (ISPs) in several developing countries. It is based on an AMD Geode CPU a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PelB%20leader%20sequence | The pelB leader sequence is a sequence of amino acids which, when attached to a protein, directs the protein to the bacterial periplasm, where the sequence is removed by a signal peptidase. Specifically, pelB refers to pectate lyase B of Erwinia carotovora CE. The leader sequence consists of the 22 N-terminal amino aci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical%20isomorphism | In mathematics—more specifically, in differential geometry—the musical isomorphism (or canonical isomorphism) is an isomorphism between the tangent bundle and the cotangent bundle of a pseudo-Riemannian manifold induced by its metric tensor. There are similar isomorphisms on symplectic manifolds. The term musical ref... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoose-V | The Mongoose-V 32-bit microprocessor for spacecraft onboard computer applications is a radiation-hardened and expanded 10–15 MHz version of the MIPS R3000 CPU. Mongoose-V was developed by Synova of Melbourne, Florida, USA, with support from the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
The Mongoose-V processor first flew on N... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kleine%E2%80%93Levin%20syndrome | Kleine–Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare neurological disorder characterized by persistent episodic hypersomnia accompanied by cognitive and behavioral changes. These changes may include disinhibition, sometimes manifested through hypersexuality, hyperphagia or emotional lability, and other symptoms, such as derealization... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20I%20PI%203-kinases | Class I PI 3-kinases are a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that possess a common protein domain structure, substrate specificity, and method of activation. Class I PI 3-kinases are further divided into two subclasses, class IA PI 3-kinases and class IB PI 3-kinases.
Class IA PI 3-kinases
Class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class%20II%20PI%203-kinases | Class II PI 3-kinases are a subgroup of the enzyme family, phosphoinositide 3-kinase that share a common protein domain structure, substrate specificity and method of activation.
Class II PI 3-kinases were the most recently identified class of PI 3-kinases.
There are three class II PI 3-kinase isoforms expressed in m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain%20size | The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution. Measuring brain size and cranial capacity is relevant both to humans and other animals, and can be done by weight or volume via MRI scans, by skull volume, or by neuroimaging intellige... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resampling%20%28statistics%29 | In statistics, resampling is the creation of new samples based on one observed sample.
Resampling methods are:
Permutation tests (also re-randomization tests)
Bootstrapping
Cross validation
Permutation tests
Permutation tests rely on resampling the original data assuming the null hypothesis. Based on the resample... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saynoto0870.com | saynoto0870.com is a UK website with a directory of non-geographic telephone numbers and their geographic alternatives.
The website, which primarily started as a directory of cheaper alternatives to 0870 numbers (hence the name), also lists geographic-rate (01, 02 or 03) or free-to-caller (080) alternatives for 0843, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FROSTBURG | FROSTBURG was a Connection Machine 5 (CM-5) massively parallel supercomputer used by the US National Security Agency (NSA) to perform higher-level mathematical calculations. The CM-5 was built by the Thinking Machines Corporation, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, at a cost of US$25 million. The system was installed a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salicylaldehyde | Salicylic aldehyde (2-hydroxybenzaldehyde) is the organic compound with the formula (C7 H6 O2) C6H4CHO-2-OH. Along with 3-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, it is one of the three isomers of hydroxybenzaldehyde. This colorless oily liquid has a bitter almond odor at higher concentration. Salicylaldehyde ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphingosyl%20phosphatide | Sphingosyl phosphatide refers to a lipid containing phosphorus and a long-chain base. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color-glass%20condensate | Color-glass condensate (CGC) is a type of matter theorized to exist in atomic nuclei when they collide at near the speed of light. During such collision, one is sensitive to the gluons that have very small momenta, or more precisely a very small Bjorken scaling variable.
The small momenta gluons dominate the descript... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyring%20equation | The Eyring equation (occasionally also known as Eyring–Polanyi equation) is an equation used in chemical kinetics to describe changes in the rate of a chemical reaction against temperature. It was developed almost simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi. The equation follows fr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox%20Games%20Store | Xbox Games Store (formerly Xbox Live Marketplace) is a digital distribution platform used by Microsoft's Xbox 360 video game console. The service allows users to download or purchase video games (including both Xbox Live Arcade games and full Xbox 360 titles), add-ons for existing games, game demos along with other mis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/168%20%28number%29 | 168 (one hundred [and] sixty-eight) is the natural number following 167 and preceding 169.
In mathematics
168 is an even number, a composite number, an abundant number, and an idoneal number.
There are 168 primes less than 1000. 168 is the product of the first two perfect numbers.
168 is the order of the group PSL(2... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini-Europe | Mini-Europe is a miniature park located in the Bruparck entertainment park, at the foot of the Atomium, in Brussels, Belgium. Mini-Europe has reproductions of monuments in the European Union and other countries within the continent of Europe on display, at a scale of 1:25. Roughly 80 cities and 350 buildings are repres... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/180th%20meridian | The 180th meridian or antimeridian is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system. The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.
On Earth, the prime and 180th meridians form a great circle that divides the planet into the Western and Eastern Hemisph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code%20signing | Code signing is the process of digitally signing executables and scripts to confirm the software author and guarantee that the code has not been altered or corrupted since it was signed. The process employs the use of a cryptographic hash to validate authenticity and integrity. Code signing was invented in 1995 by Mic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SnRNP | snRNPs (pronounced "snurps"), or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, are RNA-protein complexes that combine with unmodified pre-mRNA and various other proteins to form a spliceosome, a large RNA-protein molecular complex upon which splicing of pre-mRNA occurs. The action of snRNPs is essential to the removal of introns f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancelbot | A cancelbot is an automated or semi-automated process for sending out third-party cancel messages over Usenet, commonly as a stopgap measure to combat spam.
History
One of the earliest uses of a cancelbot was by microbiology professor Richard DePew, to remove anonymous postings in science newsgroups. Perhaps the mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana%20passionfruit | Banana passionfruit (Passiflora supersect. Tacsonia), also known as taxo and curuba, is a group of around 64 Passiflora species found in South America. Most species in this section are found in high elevation cloud forest habitats. Flowers have a cylindrical hypanthium.
Species
Invasive species
P. tarminiana and P. t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WinFiles | WinFiles, formerly Windows95.com, was an Internet download directory website. Originally, it was founded by Steve Jenkins in 1994.
CNET buyout
On February 24, 1999, CNET agreed to pay WinFiles owner Jenesys LLC US$5.75 million and made an additional $5.75 million payment 18 months after the closing of the deal - tot... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91-Pinene | α-Pinene is an organic compound of the terpene class. It is one of the two isomers of pinene, the other being β-pinene. An alkene, it contains a reactive four-membered ring. It is found in the oils of many species of many coniferous trees, notably the pine. It is also found in the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELTA%20%28taxonomy%29 | DELTA (DEscription Language for TAxonomy) is a data format used in taxonomy for recording descriptions of living things. It is designed for computer processing, allowing the generation of identification keys, diagnosis, etc.
It is widely accepted as a standard and many programs using this format are available for var... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear%20pumped%20laser | A nuclear pumped laser is a laser pumped with the energy of fission fragments. The lasing medium is enclosed in a tube lined with uranium-235 and subjected to high neutron flux in a nuclear reactor core. The fission fragments of the uranium create excited plasma with inverse population of energy levels, which then lase... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20World%20%28Internet%20service%20provider%29 | The World is an Internet service provider originally headquartered in Brookline, Massachusetts. It was the first commercial ISP in the world that provided a direct connection to the internet, with its first customer logging on in November 1989.
Controversy
Many government and university installations blocked, threaten... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron%20temperature | The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts. The term temperature is used, since hot, thermal and cold neutrons are moderated in a medium with a certain temperature. The neutron energy distribution is then adapted to the M... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Newton | Sir Edward Newton (10 November 1832 – 25 April 1897) was a British colonial administrator and ornithologist.
He was born at Elveden Hall, Suffolk the sixth and youngest son of William Newton, MP. He was the brother of ornithologist Alfred Newton. He graduated from Magdelene College, Cambridge in 1857 and was one of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20design%20description | A software design description (a.k.a. software design document or SDD; just design document; also Software Design Specification) is a representation of a software design that is to be used for recording design information, addressing various design concerns, and communicating that information to the design’s stakeholde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacking-fault%20energy | The stacking-fault energy (SFE) is a materials property on a very small scale. It is noted as γSFE in units of energy per area.
A stacking fault is an interruption of the normal stacking sequence of atomic planes in a close-packed crystal structure. These interruptions carry a certain stacking-fault energy. The width ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiochemical | A semiochemical, from the Greek σημεῖον (semeion), meaning "signal", is a chemical substance or mixture released by an organism that affects the behaviors of other individuals. Semiochemical communication can be divided into two broad classes: communication between individuals of the same species (intraspecific) or com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20enforcement | The concept of type enforcement (TE), in the field of information technology, is an access control mechanism for regulating access in computer systems. Implementing TE gives priority to mandatory access control (MAC) over discretionary access control (DAC). Access clearance is first given to a subject (e.g. process) ac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regular%20grid | A regular grid is a tessellation of n-dimensional Euclidean space by congruent parallelotopes (e.g. bricks).
Its opposite is irregular grid.
Grids of this type appear on graph paper and may be used in finite element analysis, finite volume methods, finite difference methods, and in general for discretization of param... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kairomone | A kairomone (a coinage using the Greek καιρός opportune moment, paralleling pheromone) is a semiochemical, emitted by an organism, which mediates interspecific interactions in a way that benefits an individual of another species which receives it and harms the emitter. This "eavesdropping" is often disadvantageous to t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocurvature | In mathematics in the branch of differential geometry, the cocurvature of a connection on a manifold is the obstruction to the integrability of the vertical bundle.
Definition
If M is a manifold and P is a connection on M, that is a vector-valued 1-form on M which is a projection on TM such that PabPbc = Pac, then the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLEU |
BLEU (bilingual evaluation understudy) is an algorithm for evaluating the quality of text which has been machine-translated from one natural language to another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between a machine's output and that of a human: "the closer a machine translation is to a professional human t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisenstein%20ideal | In mathematics, the Eisenstein ideal is an ideal in the endomorphism ring of the Jacobian variety of a modular curve, consisting roughly of elements of the Hecke algebra of Hecke operators that annihilate the Eisenstein series. It was introduced by , in studying the rational points of modular curves. An Eisenstein prim... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20function | In mathematics — specifically, in large deviations theory — a rate function is a function used to quantify the probabilities of rare events. Such functions are used to formulate large deviation principle. A large deviation principle quantifies the asymptotic probability of rare events for a sequence of probabilities.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20deviations%20theory | In probability theory, the theory of large deviations concerns the asymptotic behaviour of remote tails of sequences of probability distributions. While some basic ideas of the theory can be traced to Laplace, the formalization started with insurance mathematics, namely ruin theory with Cramér and Lundberg. A unified f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMBO%20Reports | EMBO Reports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research related to biology at a molecular level. It publishes primary research papers, reviews, and essays and opinion. It also features commentaries on the social impact of advances in the life sciences and the converse influence of society on science. A sis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20benzoate | Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid. When used in the food industry as a preservative, its E number is E213 (INS number 213); it is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand.
The formulas and structures of calcium carboxylate derivatives of calcium and rel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalized%20difference%20vegetation%20index | The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is a widely-used metric for quantifying the health and density of vegetation using sensor data. It is calculated from spectrometric data at two specific bands: red and near-infrared. The spectrometric data is usually sourced from remote sensors, such as satellites.
The... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energeticism | Energeticism is the physical view that energy is the fundamental element in all physical change. It posits a specific ontology, or a philosophy of being, which holds that all things are ultimately composed of energy, and which is opposed to ontological idealism. Energeticism might be associated with the physicist and p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20sorbate | Calcium sorbate is the calcium salt of sorbic acid. Calcium sorbate is a polyunsaturated fatty acid salt.
It is a commonly used food preservative; its E number is E203, but it is no longer allowed to be used in the European Union. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket%20polynomial | In the mathematical field of knot theory, the bracket polynomial (also known as the Kauffman bracket) is a polynomial invariant of framed links. Although it is not an invariant of knots or links (as it is not invariant under type I Reidemeister moves), a suitably "normalized" version yields the famous knot invariant c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20parameters | The Michel parameters, usually denoted by and , are four parameters used in describing the phase space distribution of leptonic decays of charged leptons, . They are named after the physicist Louis Michel. Sometimes instead of , the product is quoted. Within the Standard Model of electroweak interactions, these param... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decimal%20degrees | Decimal degrees (DD) is a notation for expressing latitude and longitude geographic coordinates as decimal fractions of a degree. DD are used in many geographic information systems (GIS), web mapping applications such as OpenStreetMap, and GPS devices. Decimal degrees are an alternative to using sexagesimal degrees (de... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segmental%20analysis%20%28biology%29 | Segmental analysis is a method of anatomical analysis for describing the connective morphology of the human body. Instead of describing anatomy in terms of spatial relativity, as in the anatomical position method, segmental analysis describes anatomy in terms of which organs, tissues, etc. connect to each other, and th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRISK%20Software%20International | FRISK Software International (established in 1993) was an Icelandic software company that developed F-Prot antivirus and F-Prot AVES antivirus and anti-spam service. The company was founded in 1993. It was acquired by Cyren in 2012.
History
The company was founded in 1993. Its name is derived from the initial letters ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20Interoperable%20Scrambling%20System | Basic Interoperable Scrambling System, usually known as BISS, is a satellite signal scrambling system developed by the European Broadcasting Union and a consortium of hardware manufacturers.
Prior to its development, "ad hoc" or "occasional use" satellite news feeds were transmitted either using proprietary encryption... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization%20of%20polynomials | In mathematics and computer algebra, factorization of polynomials or polynomial factorization expresses a polynomial with coefficients in a given field or in the integers as the product of irreducible factors with coefficients in the same domain. Polynomial factorization is one of the fundamental components of compute... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolysis | Apolysis ( "discharge, lit. absolution") is the separation of the cuticle from the epidermis in arthropods and related groups (Ecdysozoa). Since the cuticle of these animals is also the skeletal support of the body and is inelastic, it is shed during growth and a new covering of larger dimensions is formed. During this... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario%20Livio | Mario Livio (born June 19, 1945) is an Israeli-American astrophysicist and an author of works that popularize science and mathematics. For 24 years (1991–2015) he was an astrophysicist at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which operates the Hubble Space Telescope. He has published more than 400 scientific articles... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petite%20mutation | petite (ρ–) is a mutant first discovered in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Due to the defect in the respiratory chain, 'petite' yeast are unable to grow on media containing only non-fermentable carbon sources (such as glycerol or ethanol) and form small colonies when grown in the presence of fermentable carbon sou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifleman%27s%20rule | Rifleman's rule is a "rule of thumb" that allows a rifleman to accurately fire a rifle that has been calibrated for horizontal targets at uphill or downhill targets. The rule says that only the horizontal range should be considered when adjusting a sight or performing hold-over in order to account for bullet drop. Typ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrocorticography | Electrocorticography (ECoG), a type of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG), is a type of electrophysiological monitoring that uses electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex. In contrast, conventional electroencephalography (EEG) electro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet%20Street%20Publisher | Fleet Street Publisher was an Atari ST desktop publishing program produced by Mirrorsoft in the United Kingdom and released in November 1986. A IBM PC compatible version produced by Rowan Software was planned for 1987 but never released.
Running under GEM the program offered features such as multi-column text, the abi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20current | Energy current is a flow of energy defined by the Poynting vector (), as opposed to normal current (flow of charge). It was originally postulated by Oliver Heaviside. It is also an informal name for Energy flux.
Explanation
"Energy current" is a somewhat informal term that is used, on occasion, to describe the proce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disc%20mill | A disc mill is a type of crusher that can be used to grind, cut, shear, shred, fiberize, pulverize, granulate, crack, rub, curl, fluff, twist, hull, blend, or refine. It works in a similar manner to the ancient Buhrstone mill in that the feedstock is fed between opposing discs or plates. The discs may be grooved, serr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypouricemia | Hypouricemia or hypouricaemia is a level of uric acid in blood serum that is below normal. In humans, the normal range of this blood component has a lower threshold set variously in the range of 2 mg/dL to 4 mg/dL, while the upper threshold is 530 μmol/L (6 mg/dL) for women and 619 μmol/L (7 mg/dL) for men. Hypourice... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-based%20IBM%20mainframe-compatible%20systems | Since the rise of the personal computer in the 1980s, IBM and other vendors have created PC-based IBM-compatible mainframes which are compatible with the larger IBM mainframe computers. For a period of time PC-based mainframe-compatible systems had a lower price and did not require as much electricity or floor space. H... |
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