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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-flush%20toilet | A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than traditional high-flow toilets. Before the early 1990s in the United States, standard flush toilets typically required at least 3.5 gallons (13.2 litres) per flush and they used float valves that o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometry%20of%20interaction | The Geometry of Interaction (GoI) was introduced by Jean-Yves Girard shortly after his work on linear logic. In linear logic, proofs can be seen as various kinds of networks as opposed to the flat tree structures of sequent calculus. To distinguish the real proof nets from all the possible networks, Girard devised a cr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infections%20associated%20with%20diseases | Infections associated with diseases are those infections that are associated with possible infectious etiologies that meet the requirements of Koch's postulates. Other methods of causation are described by the Bradford Hill criteria and evidence-based medicine.
Koch's postulates have been modified by some epidemiologi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20processing%20unit | A central processing unit (CPU)—also called a central processor or main processor—is the most important processor in a given computer. Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. This role contrasts with that of externa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus%20haemolytic%20enterotoxin | In molecular biology, the Bacillus haemolytic enterotoxin family of proteins consists of several Bacillus haemolytic enterotoxins (HblC, HblD, HblA, NheA, and NheB), which can cause food poisoning in humans. Haemolysin BL (encoded by HBL) and non-haemolytic enterotoxin (encoded by NHE), represent the major enterotoxins... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorine-19%20nuclear%20magnetic%20resonance%20spectroscopy | Fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fluorine NMR or 19F NMR) is an analytical technique used to detect and identify fluorine-containing compounds. 19F is an important nucleus for NMR spectroscopy because of its receptivity and large chemical shift dispersion, which is greater than that for proton nucl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry%20etching | Dry etching refers to the removal of material, typically a masked pattern of semiconductor material, by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions (usually a plasma of reactive gases such as fluorocarbons, oxygen, chlorine, boron trichloride; sometimes with addition of nitrogen, argon, helium and other gases) that ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase | Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase (also sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase or SBPase, EC number 3.1.3.37; systematic name sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphate to produce sedoheptulose 7-phosphate. SBPase is an exampl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridged%20nucleic%20acid | A bridged nucleic acid (BNA) is a modified RNA nucleotide. They are sometimes also referred to as constrained or inaccessible RNA molecules. BNA monomers can contain a five-membered, six-membered or even a seven-membered bridged structure with a "fixed" C3'-endo sugar puckering. The bridge is synthetically incorporated... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20DNA%20C-values%20Database | The Plant DNA C-values Database (https://cvalues.science.kew.org/) is a comprehensive catalogue of C-value (nuclear DNA content, or in diploids, genome size) data for land plants and algae. The database was created by Prof. Michael D. Bennett and Dr. Ilia J. Leitch of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK. The database ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable%20character%20set | Portable Character Set is a set of 103 characters which, according to the POSIX standard, must be present in any character set. Compared to ASCII, the Portable Character Set lacks some control characters, and does not prescribe any particular value encoding.
The Portable Character Set is a superset of the Basic Executi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching%20fraction | In particle physics and nuclear physics, the branching fraction (or branching ratio) for a decay is the fraction of particles which decay by an individual decay mode or with respect to the total number of particles which decay. It applies to either the radioactive decay of atoms or the decay of elementary particles. It... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauschinger%20effect | The Bauschinger effect refers to a property of materials where the material's stress/strain characteristics change as a result of the microscopic stress distribution of the material. For example, an increase in tensile yield strength occurs at the expense of compressive yield strength. The effect is named after German... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic%20Design%20%28magazine%29 | Electronic Design magazine, founded in 1952, is an electronics and electrical engineering trade magazine and website.
History
Hayden Publishing Company began publishing the bi-weekly magazine Electronic Design in December 1952, and was later published by InformaUSA, Inc.
In 1986, Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehead%27s%20theory%20of%20gravitation | In theoretical physics, Whitehead's theory of gravitation was introduced by the mathematician and philosopher Alfred North Whitehead in 1922. While never broadly accepted, at one time it was a scientifically plausible alternative to general relativity. However, after further experimental and theoretical consideration, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt%20steam%20engine | The Watt steam engine design became synonymous with steam engines, and it was many years before significantly new designs began to replace the basic Watt design.
The first steam engines, introduced by Thomas Newcomen in 1712, were of the "atmospheric" design. At the end of the power stroke, the weight of the object be... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equator | The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the northern and southern hemispheres. On Earth, it is an imaginary line located at 0 degrees latitude, about in circumference, halfway between the North and South poles. The term can also be used for any other celestial body that is roug... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg%20hatch%20assay | Egg hatch assay (EHA), also called an egg hatch test (EHT), is a method used to determine a given parasite's resistance to extant drug therapy.
Fresh eggs are incubated from the parasite of interest and serial dilutions of the drug of interest are applied. The percentage of eggs that hatch or die is determined at each... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerebellar%20degeneration | Cerebellar degeneration is a condition in which cerebellar cells, otherwise known as neurons, become damaged and progressively weaken in the cerebellum. There are two types of cerebellar degeneration; paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, and alcoholic or nutritional cerebellar degeneration. As the cerebellum contrib... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultima%20III%3A%20Exodus | Ultima III: Exodus is the third game in the series of Ultima role-playing video games. Exodus is also the name of the game's principal antagonist. It is the final installment in the "Age of Darkness" trilogy. Released in 1983, it was the first Ultima game published by Origin Systems. Originally developed for the Apple ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomineralization | Biomineralization, also written biomineralisation, is the process by which living organisms produce minerals, often resulting in hardened or stiffened mineralized tissues. It is an extremely widespread phenomenon: all six taxonomic kingdoms contain members that are able to form minerals, and over 60 different minerals ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20information%20modelling | System information modelling (SIM) is the process of modelling complex connected systems. System information models are digital representations of connected systems, such as electrical instrumentation and control, power, and communication systems. The objects modelled in a SIM have a 1:1 relationship with the objects i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EIA-608 | EIA-608, also known as "line 21 captions" and "CEA-608", was once the standard for closed captioning for NTSC TV broadcasts in the United States, Canada and Mexico. It was developed by the Electronic Industries Alliance and required by law to be implemented in most television receivers made in the United States.
It sp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise%20pollution | Noise pollution, or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise or sound with ranging impacts on the activity of human or animal life, most of which are harmful to a degree. The source of outdoor noise worldwide is mainly caused by machines, transport and propagation systems. Poor urban planning may give rise to noise... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear%20and%20Ragged%20Staff | The Bear and Ragged Staff is a heraldic emblem or badge associated with the Earldom of Warwick.
The Ragged Staff is believed to refer to Morvidus, an early legendary Earl of Warwick who is said to have slain a giant "with a young ash tree torn up by the roots."
The emblem of a bear (Latin ursus) is believed to refer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20sea | The Dirac sea is a theoretical model of the electron vacuum as an infinite sea of electrons with negative energy, now called positrons. It was first postulated by the British physicist Paul Dirac in 1930 to explain the anomalous negative-energy quantum states predicted by the Dirac equation for relativistic electrons (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Szilard%20Lectureship%20Award | The Leo Szilard Lectureship Award (originally called the Leo Szilard Award) is given annually by the American Physical Society (APS) for "outstanding accomplishments by physicists in promoting the use of physics for the benefit of society". It is given internationally in commemoration of physicist Leo Szilard.
It is o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coimage | In algebra, the coimage of a homomorphism
is the quotient
of the domain by the kernel.
The coimage is canonically isomorphic to the image by the first isomorphism theorem, when that theorem applies.
More generally, in category theory, the coimage of a morphism is the dual notion of the image of a morphism. If , th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Registry%20of%20Food%20Safety%20Professionals | National Registry of Food Safety Professionals (NRFSP) is a food safety certification for the restaurant, hotel, and quick service industry business administered by Environmental Health Testing. NRFSP was founded in 1998 through partnerships between the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and Professional Testi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast%20membrane | Chloroplasts contain several important membranes, vital for their function. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts have a double-membrane envelope, called the chloroplast envelope, but unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts also have internal membrane structures called thylakoids. Furthermore, one or two additional membranes may ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GraphicsMagick | GraphicsMagick is a fork of ImageMagick, emphasizing stability of both programming API and command-line options. It was branched off ImageMagick's version 5.5.2 in 2002 after irreconcilable differences emerged in the developers' group.
In addition to the programming language APIs available with ImageMagick, GraphicsMa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usage%20share%20of%20operating%20systems | The usage share of operating systems is the percentage of computing devices that run each operating system (OS) at any particular time. All such figures are necessarily estimates because data about operating system share is difficult to obtain. There are few reliable primary sources and no agreed methodologies for its ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eddie%20Dennis | Edward Dennis (born 22 March 1986) is a Welsh retired professional wrestler, and former head teacher. He is currently signed to WWE as a writer and producer on NXT. During his time as an on screen performer in the company, he wrestled in NXT UK under the name Eddie Dennis. Originally a mathematics teacher, Dennis reti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Function%20of%20a%20real%20variable | In mathematical analysis, and applications in geometry, applied mathematics, engineering, and natural sciences, a function of a real variable is a function whose domain is the real numbers , or a subset of that contains an interval of positive length. Most real functions that are considered and studied are differentia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unscented%20optimal%20control | In mathematics, unscented optimal control combines the notion of the unscented transform with deterministic optimal control to address a class of uncertain optimal control problems. It is a specific application of Riemmann-Stieltjes optimal control theory, a concept introduced by Ross and his coworkers.
Mathematical d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euparal | Euparal is a synthetic microscopy mountant originally formulated in 1904 by Professor G. Gilson, the professor of Zoology at Louvain University, Louvain, Belgium. It has been manufactured by several companies, but is now exclusively manufactured by ASCO Laboratories, Manchester, England.
Euparal is used extensively in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham%20%CF%80%20theorem | In engineering, applied mathematics, and physics, the Buckingham theorem is a key theorem in dimensional analysis. It is a formalization of Rayleigh's method of dimensional analysis. Loosely, the theorem states that if there is a physically meaningful equation involving a certain number n of physical variables, then ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound%20lever | The compound lever is a simple machine operating on the premise that the resistance from one lever in a system of levers acts as effort for the next, and thus the applied force is transferred from one lever to the next. Almost all scales use some sort of compound lever to work. Other examples include nail clippers and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20model%20theory | In set theory, inner model theory is the study of certain models of ZFC or some fragment or strengthening thereof. Ordinarily these models are transitive subsets or subclasses of the von Neumann universe V, or sometimes of a generic extension of V. Inner model theory studies the relationships of these models to determi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20Combinatorics%20%28journal%29 | Algebraic Combinatorics is a peer-reviewed diamond open access mathematical journal specializing in the field of algebraic combinatorics. Established in 2018, the journal is published by the Centre Mersenne.
History
The journal was established in 2018, when the editorial board of the Springer Science+Business Media Jo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYNOP | SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY. A report consists of groups of num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint%20by%20number | Paint by number or painting by numbers kits are self-contained painting sets, designed to facilitate painting a pre-designed image. They generally include brushes, tubs of paint with numbered labels, and a canvas printed with borders and numbers. The user selects the color corresponding to one of the numbers then uses ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic%E2%80%93geometric%20mean | In mathematics, the arithmetic–geometric mean of two positive real numbers and is the mutual limit of a sequence of arithmetic means and a sequence of geometric means:
Begin the sequences with x and y:
Then define the two interdependent sequences and as
These two sequences converge to the same number, the arithm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpetarium | A herpetarium is a zoological exhibition space for reptiles and amphibians, most commonly a dedicated area of a larger zoo. A herpetarium which specializes in snakes is an ophidiarium or serpentarium, which are more common as stand-alone entities also known as snake farms. Many snake farms milk snakes for venom for med... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plume%20tectonics | Plume tectonics is a geoscientific theory that finds its roots in the mantle doming concept which was especially popular during the 1930s and initially did not accept major plate movements and continental drifting. It has survived from the 1970s until today in various forms and presentations. It has slowly evolved into... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exergonic%20reaction | In chemical thermodynamics, an exergonic reaction is a chemical reaction where the change in the free energy is negative (there is a net release of free energy). This indicates a spontaneous reaction if the system is closed and initial and final temperatures are the same. For processes that take place in a closed syste... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20number | A virtual number, also known as direct inward dialing (DID) or access numbers, is a telephone number without a directly associated telephone line. Usually, these numbers are programmed to forward incoming calls to one of the pre-set telephone numbers, chosen by the client: fixed, mobile or VoIP. A virtual number can wo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autosomal%20dominant%20GTP%20cyclohydrolase%20I%20deficiency | Autosomal dominant GTP cyclohydrolase I deficiency (AD-GTPCHD) is a disease caused by dysfunction of GTP cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme that plays an important role in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, and, as a consequence, of dopamine. This condition is one of the six known causes of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reading | Reading is the process of taking in the sense or meaning of letters, symbols, etc., especially by sight or touch.
For educators and researchers, reading is a multifaceted process involving such areas as word recognition, orthography (spelling), alphabetics, phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, fluen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intracellular%20transport | Intracellular transport is the movement of vesicles and substances within a cell. Intracellular transport is required for maintaining homeostasis within the cell by responding to physiological signals. Proteins synthesized in the cytosol are distributed to their respective organelles, according to their specific amino ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA%20CoSSMos | The RNA Characterization of Secondary Structure Motifs database (RNA CoSSMos) is a repository of three-dimensional nucleic acid PDB structures containing secondary structure motifs ( loops, hairpin loops ...).
See also
Nucleic acid secondary structure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20glass | In condensed matter physics, a spin glass is a magnetic state characterized by randomness, besides cooperative behavior in freezing of spins at a temperature called 'freezing temperature' Tf. In ferromagnetic solids, component atoms' magnetic spins all align in the same direction. Spin glass when contrasted with a f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%20band%20%28IEEE%29 | The IEEE K-band is a portion of the radio spectrum in the microwave range of frequencies from 18 to 27-Gigahertz (GHz). The range of frequencies in the center of the K-band between 18- and 26.5-GHz is absorbed by water vapor in the atmosphere due to its resonance peak at 22.24-GHz, . Therefore these frequencies experie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diurnal%20mood%20variation | Diurnal mood variation or morning depression is a prominent depression symptom characterized by gradual mood improvement thorough the day, reaching its peak sometime after twilight. While the main form of diurnal mood variation presents itself as described, a reversed form, with a worsening of mood towards the evening,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral%20enhancement | Moral enhancement (abbreviated ME), also called moral bioenhancement (abbreviated MBE), is the use of biomedical technology to morally improve individuals. MBE is a growing topic in neuroethics, a field developing the ethics of neuroscience as well as the neuroscience of ethics. After Thomas Douglas introduced the conc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error-tolerant%20design | An error-tolerant design (or human-error-tolerant design) is one that does not unduly penalize user or human errors. It is the human equivalent of fault tolerant design that allows equipment to continue functioning in the presence of hardware faults, such as a "limp-in" mode for an automobile electronics unit that wou... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-186%20microRNA%20precursor%20family | In molecular biology mir-186 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms.
See also
MicroRNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog%20desert | A fog desert is a type of desert where fog drip supplies the majority of moisture needed by animal and plant life. Examples of fog deserts include the Atacama Desert of coastal Chile and Peru; the Baja California desert of Mexico; the Namib Desert in Namibia; the Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert; and a manmade inst... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowering%20Locus%20C | Flowering Locus C (FLC) is a MADS-box gene that in late-flowering ecotypes of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana is responsible for vernalization. In a new seedling FLC is expressed, which prevents flowering. Upon exposure to cold, less FLC is expressed (to a degree depending on the amount of cold), and flowering becomes ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20deviation | Magnetic deviation is the error induced in a compass by local magnetic fields, which must be allowed for, along with magnetic declination, if accurate bearings are to be calculated. (More loosely, "magnetic deviation" is used by some to mean the same as "magnetic declination". This article is about the former meaning.)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCR1 | Natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCR1 gene. NCR1 has also been designated as CD335 (cluster of differentiation, NKP46, NKp46, NK-p46, and LY94. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voxel | In 3D computer graphics, a voxel represents a value on a regular grid in three-dimensional space. As with pixels in a 2D bitmap, voxels themselves do not typically have their position (i.e. coordinates) explicitly encoded with their values. Instead, rendering systems infer the position of a voxel based upon its positio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Microbial%20Genomes%20System | The Integrated Microbial Genomes (IMG) system is a genome browsing and annotation platform developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)-Joint Genome Institute. IMG contains all the draft and complete microbial genomes sequenced by the DOE-JGI integrated with other publicly available genomes (including Archaea, Bact... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible%20electroporation | Irreversible electroporation is a soft tissue ablation technique using short but strong electrical fields to create permanent and hence lethal nanopores in the cell membrane, to disrupt cellular homeostasis. The resulting cell death results from induced apoptosis or necrosis induced by either membrane disruption or s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20law%20of%20thermodynamics | The second law of thermodynamics is a physical law based on universal empirical observation concerning heat and energy interconversions. A simple statement of the law is that heat always flows spontaneously from hotter to colder regions of matter (or 'downhill' in terms of the temperature gradient). Another statement i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer%20space | Outer space, commonly referred to simply as space, is the expanse that exists beyond Earth and its atmosphere and between celestial bodies. Outer space is not completely empty; it is a near-perfect vacuum containing a low density of particles, predominantly a plasma of hydrogen and helium as well as electromagnetic rad... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin%20heavy%20constant%20alpha%201 | Immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 is a immunoglobulin gene with symbol IGHA1. It encodes a constant (C) segment of Immunoglobulin A heavy chain. Immunoglobulin A is an antibody that plays a critical role in immune function in the mucous membranes. IgA shows the same typical structure of other antibody classes, with... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aon%20%28company%29 | Aon PLC () is a British-American professional services and management consulting firm that offers a range of risk-mitigation products. The firm also provides data and analytics services, strategy consulting through Aon Inpoint and investment banking advisory through Aon Securities. Aon has approximately 50,000 employee... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court-bouillon | Court-bouillon or court bouillon (in Louisiana, pronounced coo-bee-yon) is a quickly-cooked broth used for poaching other foods, most commonly fish or seafood. It is also sometimes used for poaching vegetables, eggs, sweetbreads, cockscombs, and delicate meats. It includes seasonings and salt but lacks animal gelatin.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asplenium%20tutwilerae | Asplenium tutwilerae (Tutwiler's spleenwort or Scott's fertile spleenwort) is a rare epipetric fern found only in Hale County, Alabama, United States. A. tutwilerae is a fertile allotetraploid, formed by the chromosomal doubling of a specimen of the sterile diploid A. × ebenoides, a hybrid of A. platyneuron and A. rhiz... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-shrinking%20generator | A self-shrinking generator is a pseudorandom generator that is based on the shrinking generator concept. Variants of the self-shrinking generator based on a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) are studied for use in cryptography.
Algorithm
In difference to the shrinking generator, which uses a second feedback shift... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Armageddon | is a 1988 post-apocalyptic role-playing video game for the NEC PC-8801, MSX, Sharp X68000, MS-DOS, PC Engine CD-ROM², and Nintendo Family Computer. The game was exclusively in the Japanese language until an English translation patch was created for the Nintendo Famicom.
The game had a sequel, After Armageddon Gaiden, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blusher | The blusher is the common name for several closely related species of the genus Amanita. A. rubescens or the blushing amanita, is found in Europe and eastern North America, and A. novinupta, also known as the new bride blushing amanita, is found in western North America. Both their scientific and common names are deriv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physalis%20grisea | Physalis grisea is a species of flowering plant in the nightshade family known by common names including strawberry ground-cherry, downy ground-cherry, and strawberry-tomato in English. The name downy ground-cherry is due to the soft hairs that give the plant a gray cast. This downy gray coloration is the origin of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence%20factor | Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in plant science) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) to achieve the following:
colonization of a niche in the host (this includes movement towards an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombard%20effect | The Lombard effect or Lombard reflex is the involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when speaking in loud noise to enhance the audibility of their voice. This change includes not only loudness but also other acoustic features such as pitch, rate, and duration of syllables. This compensation effe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetabular%20notch | The acetabular notch is a deep notch in the inferior portion of the rim of the acetabulum. It is bridged by the transverse acetabular ligament, converting it into a foramen (through which nerves and vessels (including the acetabular notch of obturator artery) pass into the hip joint cavity). It is continuous with space... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Weaver%20model | The Shannon–Weaver model is one of the first and most influential models of communication. It was initially published in the 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Communication and explains communication in terms of five basic components: a source, a transmitter, a channel, a receiver, and a destination. The source produ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunky%20punk | A hunky punk is a grotesque carving on the side of a building, especially Late Gothic churches. Such features are especially numerous in Somerset (in the West Country of England).
Though similar in appearance to a gargoyle, a hunky punk is purely decorative, with no other functional purpose (often referred to as a gro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrup | In cooking, syrup (less commonly sirup; from ; , beverage, wine and ) is a condiment that is a thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars but showing little tendency to deposit crystals. Its consistency is similar to that of molasses. The vi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flor | Flor (Spanish and Portuguese for flower) in winemaking, is a film of yeast on the surface of wine, important in the manufacture of some styles of sherry. The flor is formed naturally under certain winemaking conditions, from indigenous yeasts found in the region of Andalucía in southern Spain. Normally in winemaking, i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NUTS%20statistical%20regions%20of%20Malta | In the NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) codes of Malta (MT), the three levels are:
NUTS codes
MT0 Malta
MT00 Malta
MT001 Malta (island)
MT002 Gozo and Comino
Local administrative units
Below the NUTS levels, the two LAU (Local Administrative Units) levels are:
The LAU codes of Malta can be do... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20obstruction%20theory | In algebraic geometry, given a Deligne–Mumford stack X, a perfect obstruction theory for X consists of:
a perfect two-term complex in the derived category of quasi-coherent étale sheaves on X, and
a morphism , where is the cotangent complex of X, that induces an isomorphism on and an epimorphism on .
The notion ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Responsive%20computer-aided%20design | Responsive computer-aided design (also simplified to responsive design) is an approach to computer-aided design (CAD) that utilizes real-world sensors and data to modify a three-dimensional (3D) computer model. The concept is related to cyber-physical systems through blurring of the virtual and physical worlds, however... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DnaA | DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. Based on the Replicon Model, a positively active initiator molecule contacts with a particular spot on a circular chromosome called the replicator to start DNA replication. It is a replication initiation factor which promotes the unwinding of D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20embedding | In graph theory, a book embedding is a generalization of planar embedding of a graph to embeddings in a book, a collection of half-planes all having the same line as their boundary. Usually, the vertices of the graph are required to lie on this boundary line, called the spine, and the edges are required to stay within ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosomal%20crossover | Chromosomal crossover, or crossing over, is the exchange of genetic material during sexual reproduction between two homologous chromosomes' non-sister chromatids that results in recombinant chromosomes. It is one of the final phases of genetic recombination, which occurs in the pachytene stage of prophase I of meiosis ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%E2%80%93momentum%20relation | In physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with non-zero... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTACK%20Grounded | DTACK Grounded was a computer hobbyist newsletter published from July 1981 to September 1985 by Hal W. Hardenberg. Subtitled "The Journal of Simple 68000 Systems", the newsletter was dedicated to the proposition that the Motorola 68000 CPU could be used to build simple, fast computers. In 1981 this was a revolutionary ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomassoni%20awards | Tomassoni awards was the overarching name of two prizes for outstanding achievements in physics, the Premio Felice Pietro Chisesi e Caterina Tomassoni and the Premio Caterina Tomassoni e Felice Pietro Chisesi. The two prizes were awarded every one or two years from 2001 to 2011 by the Sapienza University of Rome. The p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mott%20insulator | Mott insulators are a class of materials that are expected to conduct electricity according to conventional band theories, but turn out to be insulators (particularly at low temperatures). These insulators fail to be correctly described by band theories of solids due to their strong electron–electron interactions, whic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20insulation | Thermal insulation is the reduction of heat transfer (i.e., the transfer of thermal energy between objects of differing temperature) between objects in thermal contact or in range of radiative influence. Thermal insulation can be achieved with specially engineered methods or processes, as well as with suitable object s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FOXC2-AS1 | FOXC2 antisense RNA 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOXC2-AS1 gene. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinal | Officinal drugs, plants and herbs are those which are sold in a chemist or druggist shop. Officinal medical preparations of such drugs are made in accordance with the prescriptions authorized by a pharmacopoeia. Officinal is not related to the word official. The classical Latin officina meant a workshop, manufactory, l... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galvanic%20isolation | Galvanic isolation is a principle of isolating functional sections of electrical systems to prevent current flow; no direct conduction path is permitted.
Energy or information can still be exchanged between the sections by other means, such as capacitive, inductive, radiative, optical, acoustic, or mechanical coupling... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation%20portal%20monitor | Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs) are passive radiation detection devices used for the screening of individuals, vehicles, cargo or other vectors for detection of illicit sources such as at borders or secure facilities. Fear of terrorist attacks with radiological weapons spurred RPM deployment for cargo scanning since 9... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videocassette%20recorder | A videocassette recorder (VCR) or video recorder is an electromechanical device that records analog audio and analog video from broadcast television or other AV sources and can play back the recording after rewinding. The use of a VCR to record a television program to play back at a more convenient time is commonly ref... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface%20core%20level%20shift | A surface core level shift (SCS) is a kind of core-level shift that often emerges in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of surface atoms.
Because surface atoms have different chemical environments from bulk atoms, small shifts of binding energies are observed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. SCS is ascribed ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20LED%20incubator | A plant LED incubator is a chamber which can automatically control the environment of the plant. It can control the temperature, moisture, and especially light regime of the plant based on light emitting diodes (LEDs). LEDs have efficient electric lighting with desired wavelengths (Red+Blue) which support greenhouse pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaeromyxobacter%20dehalogenans | Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans is a species of bacteria. It is an aryl-halorespiring facultative anaerobic myxobacterium. Its cells are slender, gram-negative rods with a bright red pigmentation that exhibit gliding motility and form spore-like structures. The type strain is 2CP-1 (ATCC BAA-258). Anaeromyxobacter dehal... |
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