source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohun%20swan
The Bohun swan, also known as the Bucks Swan, was a heraldic badge used originally in England by the mediaeval noble family of de Bohun, Earls of Hereford, and Earls of Essex. Origin The widespread use of the swan as a badge derives from the legend of the Swan Knight, today most familiar from Richard Wagner's opera Lo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara%20Reys
Barbara Jean Bestgen Reys (born 1953) is an American mathematics educator known for her research in number sense and mental calculation, for her mathematics textbooks, and for her leadership in developing curriculum standards for elementary school mathematics education. She is Curators Professor Emeritus at the Univers...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesozoic%E2%80%93Cenozoic%20radiation
The Mesozoic–Cenozoic Radiation is the third major extended increase of biodiversity in the Phanerozoic, after the Cambrian Explosion and the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, which appeared to exceeded the equilibrium reached after the Ordovician radiation. Made known by its identification in marine invertebr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20continuum
In the mathematical field of order theory, a continuum or linear continuum is a generalization of the real line. Formally, a linear continuum is a linearly ordered set S of more than one element that is densely ordered, i.e., between any two distinct elements there is another (and hence infinitely many others), and c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianluca%20Tognon
Gianluca Tognon is an Italian food scientist, researcher, public health expert, author and speaker. In 2017 he has founded the consulting company The Food Scientist, which is based in Sweden. Education Gianluca Tognon has obtained a degree in Biological Sciences from the University of Pavia in 2000. The title of his d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carath%C3%A9odory%20kernel%20theorem
In mathematics, the Carathéodory kernel theorem is a result in complex analysis and geometric function theory established by the Greek mathematician Constantin Carathéodory in 1912. The uniform convergence on compact sets of a sequence of holomorphic univalent functions, defined on the unit disk in the complex plane an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smale%20conjecture
The Smale conjecture, named after Stephen Smale, is the statement that the diffeomorphism group of the 3-sphere has the homotopy-type of its isometry group, the orthogonal group O(4). It was proved in 1983 by Allen Hatcher. Equivalent statements There are several equivalent statements of the Smale conjecture. One i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPG%20N%20terminus
In molecular biology the protein domain XPG refers to, in this case, the N-terminus of XPG. The XPG protein can be corrected by a 133 kDa nuclear protein, XPGC. XPGC is an acidic protein that confers normal ultraviolet (UV) light resistance. It is a magnesium-dependent, single-strand DNA endonuclease that makes struct...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic%20window
The metabolic window (also called the anabolic window or protein window) is a term used in strength training to describe the 2 hour (give or take, dependent on the individual) period after exercise during which nutrition can shift the body from a catabolic state to an anabolic one. Specifically, it is during this perio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochrome-astrophotography-techniques
Monochrome photography is one of the earliest styles of photography and dates back to the 1800s. Monochrome photography is also a popular technique among astrophotographers. This is due to the omission of the Bayer filter, a colour filter array that sits in front of the CMOS or CCD sensor, allowing for a single sensor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anguimorpha
The Anguimorpha is a suborder of squamates. The group was named by Fürbringer in 1900 to include all autarchoglossans closer to Varanus and Anguis than Scincus. These lizards, along with iguanians and snakes, constitute the proposed "venom clade" Toxicofera of all venomous reptiles. Evolution The oldest widely accept...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioindicator
A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment. The most common indicator species are animals. For example, copepods and other small water crustaceans that are present in many water bodies can be monitor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solomon%20W.%20Golomb
Solomon Wolf Golomb (; May 30, 1932 – May 1, 2016) was an American mathematician, engineer, and professor of electrical engineering at the University of Southern California, best known for his works on mathematical games. Most notably, he invented Cheskers (a hybrid between chess and checkers) in 1948. He also fully de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerobatrachus
Gerobatrachus is an extinct genus of amphibamid temnospondyl (represented by the type species Gerobatrachus hottoni) that lived in the Early Permian, approximately 290 million years ago (Ma), in the area that is now Baylor County, Texas. When it was first described in 2008, Gerobatrachus was announced to be the closest...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostratinomy
Biostratinomy is the study of the processes that take place after an organism dies but before its final burial. It is considered to be a subsection of the science of taphonomy, along with necrology (the study of the death of an organism) and diagenesis (the changes that take place after final burial). These processes a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20O.%20Musgrave
Katherine L. Ogilvie Musgrave (February 8, 1920 – June 20, 2015) was an American academic, registered dietitian, and nutritional consultant. She taught food science and nutrition at the University of Maine from 1969 to 1986, and after her official retirement continued teaching for close to three decades on the universi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20vitro%20models%20for%20calcification
In vitro models for calcification may refer to systems that have been developed in order to reproduce, in the best possible way, the calcification process that tissues or biomaterials undergo inside the body. The aim of these systems is to mimic the high levels of calcium and phosphate present in the blood and measure ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tempered%20glass
Tempered or toughened glass is a type of safety glass processed by controlled thermal or chemical treatments to increase its strength compared with normal glass. Tempering puts the outer surfaces into compression and the interior into tension. Such stresses cause the glass, when broken, to shatter into small granular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extensions%20of%20symmetric%20operators
In functional analysis, one is interested in extensions of symmetric operators acting on a Hilbert space. Of particular importance is the existence, and sometimes explicit constructions, of self-adjoint extensions. This problem arises, for example, when one needs to specify domains of self-adjointness for formal expres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow%20Mathematical%20Journal
The Glasgow Mathematical Journal is a mathematics journal that publishes original research papers in any branch of pure and applied mathematics. It covers a wide variety of research areas, which in recent issues have included ring theory, group theory, functional analysis, combinatorics, differential equations, differe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superparasitism
Superparasitism is a form of parasitism in which the host (typically an insect larva such as a caterpillar) is attacked more than once by a single species of parasitoid. Multiparasitism or coinfection, on the other hand, occurs when the host has been parasitized by more than one species. Host discrimination, whereby p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial%20group
In mathematics, more precisely, in the theory of simplicial sets, a simplicial group is a simplicial object in the category of groups. Similarly, a simplicial abelian group is a simplicial object in the category of abelian groups. A simplicial group is a Kan complex (in particular, its homotopy groups make sense). The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean%20general%20circulation%20model
Ocean general circulation models (OGCMs) are a particular kind of general circulation model to describe physical and thermodynamical processes in oceans. The oceanic general circulation is defined as the horizontal space scale and time scale larger than mesoscale (of order 100 km and 6 months). They depict oceans using...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20genetic%20resistance%20to%20malaria
Human genetic resistance to malaria refers to inherited changes in the DNA of humans which increase resistance to malaria and result in increased survival of individuals with those genetic changes. The existence of these genotypes is likely due to evolutionary pressure exerted by parasites of the genus Plasmodium which...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20botanists%20by%20author%20abbreviation%20%28G%29
A–F To find entries for A–F, use the table of contents above. G G.A.Allen – Geraldine A. Allen (born 1950) G.A.Black – George Alexander Black (1916–1957) Gaertn. – Joseph Gaertner (1732–1791) G.A.Fryxell – Greta Albrecht Fryxell (1926–2017) Gage – Andrew Thomas Gage (1871–1945) Gagnebin – (1707–1800) Gag...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holotype
A holotype is a single physical example (or illustration) of an organism used when the species (or lower-ranked taxon) was formally described. It is either the single such physical example (or illustration) or one of several examples, but explicitly designated as the holotype. Under the International Code of Zoological...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vajiravudh
Vajiravudh (, , 1 January 188126 November 1925) was the sixth monarch of Siam under the Chakri dynasty as Rama VI. He ruled from 23 October 1910 until his death in 1925. King Vajiravudh is best known for his efforts to create and promote Siamese nationalism. His reign was characterized by Siam's movement further toward...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enclosed%20Alphanumerics
Enclosed Alphanumerics is a Unicode block of typographical symbols of an alphanumeric within a circle, a bracket or other not-closed enclosure, or ending in a full stop. It is currently fully allocated. Within the Basic Multilingual Plane, a few additional enclosed numerals are in the Dingbats and the Enclosed CJK Let...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tektite
Tektites () are gravel-sized bodies composed of black, green, brown or grey natural glass formed from terrestrial debris ejected during meteorite impacts. The term was coined by Austrian geologist Franz Eduard Suess (1867–1941), son of Eduard Suess. They generally range in size from millimetres to centimetres. Millimet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunet
Immunet is a free, cloud-based, community-driven antivirus application, using the ClamAV and its own engine. The software is complementary with existing antivirus software. In January 2011 Immunet was acquired by Sourcefire. The application is free-of-charge, although a commercial version is available. It claims to be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PoxNora
PoxNora: Battlefield of the Immortals is a multiplayer online game that combines a digital collectible card game with a turn-based strategy game in a fantasy setting. PoxNora was originally launched via Java Web Start through a browser and can be played on Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The game is free to p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags%20of%20the%20provinces%20of%20the%20Philippines
The flags of the provinces of the Philippines are the vexillological devices used by various provincial-level local government units (LGUs) of the country. Designs The most common provincial flag design is a plain field of a single color with the provincial seal placed in the center; of this design the most prevalent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20geodesic%20polyhedra%20and%20Goldberg%20polyhedra
This is a list of selected geodesic polyhedra and Goldberg polyhedra, two infinite classes of polyhedra. Geodesic polyhedra and Goldberg polyhedra are duals of each other. The geodesic and Goldberg polyhedra are parameterized by integers m and n, with and . T is the triangulation number, which is equal to . Icosahedr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu%20function
In mathematics, Mathieu functions, sometimes called angular Mathieu functions, are solutions of Mathieu's differential equation where are real-valued parameters. Since we may add to to change the sign of , it is a usual convention to set . They were first introduced by Émile Léonard Mathieu, who encountered them w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen%20tearing
Screen tearing is a visual artifact in video display where a display device shows information from multiple frames in a single screen draw. The artifact occurs when the video feed to the device is not synchronized with the display's refresh rate. That can be caused by non-matching refresh rates, and the tear line then...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booch%20method
The Booch method is a method for object-oriented software development. It is composed of an object modeling language, an iterative object-oriented development process, and a set of recommended practices. The method was authored by Grady Booch when he was working for Rational Software (acquired by IBM), published in 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Predator%20%28video%20game%29
Predator is a 1987 side-scrolling action game based on the film of the same title, and the first game based on the franchise. Gameplay The player starts off with no weapons and must collect them as the game progresses. MSX Version The MSX version was developed by Klon and is an action-platformer. The player takes th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DXZ4
DXZ4 is a variable number tandemly repeated DNA sequence. In humans it is composed of 3kb monomers containing a highly conserved CTCF binding site. CTCF is a transcription factor protein and the main insulator responsible for partitioning of chromatin domains in the vertebrate genome. In addition to being enriched in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg%20lecithin
Egg lecithin is a type of lecithin, a group of compounds primarily containing phospholipids, that is derived from eggs. Discovery Egg lecithin was first isolated in 1846 by the French chemist and pharmacist Theodore Gobley. Gobley originally isolated lecithin from egg yolk—λέκιθος (lekithos) is 'egg yolk' in ancient G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodevirion
The term kodecyte is used to describe cells with detectable Function-Spacer-Lipid (FSL) constructs, and in concert, the term kodevirion (pronounced co-da-virion), is used to describe virions with detectable FSL constructs. The method for labeling virions with FSL constructs is simple, non covalent and only involves in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batravirus%20ranidallo2
Batravirus ranidallo2, also known as Ranid herpesvirus 2 (RaHV-2) is a species of virus in the genus Batrachovirus, family Alloherpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavlugun
The tavluġun is an indigenous Iñupiaq chin tattoo worn by women. See also Kakiniit Yidįįłtoo, the traditional face tattoos of the Hän Gwich’in.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20immune%20cells
This is a list of Immune cells, also known as white blood cells, white cells, leukocytes, or leucocytes. They are cells involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20labial%20artery
The superior labial artery (superior labial branch of facial artery) is larger and more egregious than the inferior labial artery. It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side. It supplies ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Logic%20and%20Computation
The Journal of Logic and Computation is a peer-reviewed academic journal focused on logic and computing. It was established in 1990 and is published by Oxford University Press under licence from Professor Dov Gabbay as owner of the journal. External links Academic journals established in 1990 Computer science jour...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20imaging
Biological imaging may refer to any imaging technique used in biology. Typical examples include: Bioluminescence imaging, a technique for studying laboratory animals using luminescent protein Calcium imaging, determining the calcium status of a tissue using fluorescent light Diffuse optical imaging, using near-infra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riordan%20array
A (proper) Riordan array is an infinite lower triangular matrix, , constructed out of two formal power series, of order 0 and of order 1, in such a way that . A Riordan array is an element of the Riordan group. It was created by mathematician Louis W. Shapiro and named after mathematician John Riordan. The st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mean%20inter-particle%20distance
Mean inter-particle distance (or mean inter-particle separation) is the mean distance between microscopic particles (usually atoms or molecules) in a macroscopic body. Ambiguity From the very general considerations, the mean inter-particle distance is proportional to the size of the per-particle volume , i.e., whe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane%20Protein%20205
Transmembrane Protein 205 (TMEM205) is a protein encoded on chromosome 19 by the TMEM205 gene. Gene TMEM205 is located on the minus strand of chromosome 19 from base pair 11,453,452 to 11,456,981. In close proximity to TMEM205, CCDC159 is located slightly upstream and RAB3D slightly down stream of the genomic sequenc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Harman
Harry Horace Harman (June 5, 1913 – June 8, 1976) was a Polish-born American statistician known for his work on factor analysis. A fellow of the American Psychological Association, he served as president of the Psychometric Society from 1968 to 1969 and of the Society of Multivariate Experimental Psychology from 1974 t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arecoline
Arecoline () is a nicotinic acid-based mild parasympathomimetic stimulant alkaloid found in the areca nut, the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu). It is an odourless oily liquid. It can bring a sense of enhanced alertness and energy, euphoria and relaxation. The psychoactive effects are comparable to that of nicot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20task%20network
In artificial intelligence, hierarchical task network (HTN) planning is an approach to automated planning in which the dependency among actions can be given in the form of hierarchically structured networks. Planning problems are specified in the hierarchical task network approach by providing a set of tasks, which ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ericom%20Software
Ericom Software, Inc. is a Closter, New Jersey-based company that provides web isolation and remote application access software to businesses. Overview Ericom develops and sells Remote Browser isolation technology, available as a cloud service or on-premises software. The company also sells a broad line of secure acc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinomycin
Echinomycin is a peptide antibiotic. It is a dimer of two peptides creating a cyclic structure. It contains a bicyclic aromatic chromophore that is attached to the dimerized cyclic peptide core and a thioacetal bridge. It intercalates into DNA at two specific sites, thereby blocking the binding of hypoxia inducible fac...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial%20ribosome
The mitochondrial ribosome, or mitoribosome, is a protein complex that is active in mitochondria and functions as a riboprotein for translating mitochondrial mRNAs encoded in mtDNA. The mitoribosome is attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Mitoribosomes, like cytoplasmic ribosomes, consist of two subunits — lar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20cerebellar%20artery
The superior cerebellar artery (SCA) is an artery of the head. It arises near the end of the basilar artery. It is a branch of the basilar artery. It supplies parts of the cerebellum, the midbrain, and other nearby structures. It is the cause of trigeminal neuralgia in some patients. Structure The superior cerebellar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugae
In anatomy, rugae are a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. Most commonly rugae refers to the gastric rugae of the internal surface of the stomach. Function A purpose of the gastric rugae is to allow for expansion of the stomach after the consumption of foods and liquids. This expansion incr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleanane
Oleanane is a natural triterpenoid. It is commonly found in woody angiosperms and as a result is often used as an indicator of these plants in the fossil record. It is a member of the oleanoid series, which consists of pentacyclic triterpenoids (such as beta-amyrin and taraxerol) where all rings are six-membered. Stru...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slip%20%28materials%20science%29
In materials science, slip is the large displacement of one part of a crystal relative to another part along crystallographic planes and directions. Slip occurs by the passage of dislocations on close/packed planes, which are planes containing the greatest number of atoms per area and in close-packed directions (most a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Read%E2%80%93modify%E2%80%93write
In computer science, read–modify–write is a class of atomic operations (such as test-and-set, fetch-and-add, and compare-and-swap) that both read a memory location and write a new value into it simultaneously, either with a completely new value or some function of the previous value. These operations prevent race cond...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th%20meridian%20east
The meridian 14° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 14th meridian east forms a great circle with the 166th meridian west. From Pole to Pole Starting at the Nort...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/43rd%20meridian%20east
The meridian 43° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 43rd meridian east forms a great circle with the 137th meridian west. From Pole to Pole Starting at the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20of%20Lie%20groups
This article gives a table of some common Lie groups and their associated Lie algebras. The following are noted: the topological properties of the group (dimension; connectedness; compactness; the nature of the fundamental group; and whether or not they are simply connected) as well as on their algebraic properties (a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanna%20Wysocka
Joanna Wysocka is a biologist, a professor at Stanford University, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator. She specializes in chemical and systems biology as well as developmental biology. Wysocka was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2018 and as an European Molecular Biology Organiz...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozenavir
Mozenavir (DMP-450) is an antiviral drug which was developed as a treatment for HIV/AIDS. It acts as an HIV protease inhibitor and binds to this target with high affinity, however despite promising results in early testing, mozenavir was unsuccessful in human clinical trials. Studies continue into related derivatives.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Tory%20Peterson%20Award
The ABA Roger Tory Peterson Award for Promoting the Cause of Birding is an award given by the American Birding Association to an individual who, over the course of a lifetime, has advanced the cause of birding. One of five awards presented by the ABA for contributions to ornithology, the award is named in honor of Ro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR%20linked%20list
An XOR linked list is a type of data structure used in computer programming. It takes advantage of the bitwise XOR operation to decrease storage requirements for doubly linked lists. Description An ordinary doubly linked list stores addresses of the previous and next list items in each list node, requiring two addres...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation%20%28evolution%29
In evolution, cooperation is the process where groups of organisms work or act together for common or mutual benefits. It is commonly defined as any adaptation that has evolved, at least in part, to increase the reproductive success of the actor's social partners. For example, territorial choruses by male lions discour...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddlepoint%20approximation%20method
The saddlepoint approximation method, initially proposed by Daniels (1954) is a specific example of the mathematical saddlepoint technique applied to statistics. It provides a highly accurate approximation formula for any PDF or probability mass function of a distribution, based on the moment generating function. T...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor%20Bunyakovsky
Viktor Yakovlevich Bunyakovsky (, ; , Bar, Podolia Governorate, Russian Empire – , St. Petersburg, Russian Empire) was a Russian mathematician, member and later vice president of the Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Bunyakovsky was a mathematician, noted for his work in theoretical mechanics and number theory (see: Bun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20muscle
Artificial muscles, also known as muscle-like actuators, are materials or devices that mimic natural muscle and can change their stiffness, reversibly contract, expand, or rotate within one component due to an external stimulus (such as voltage, current, pressure or temperature). The three basic actuation responses– co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archives%20of%20Pathology%20%26%20Laboratory%20Medicine
The Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (Arch Pathol Lab Med) is a core clinical medical journal published by the College of American Pathologists and the American Medical Association. It continues in series publications entitled the Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (1926–28), the Archives of Patho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthotype%20sospeta
Xanthotype sospeta, the crocus geometer, is a species of moth in the family Geometridae. It was first described by Dru Drury in 1773 from Jamaica. It is also found in North America, where it has been recorded from Nova Scotia to southern British Columbia, south to Colorado and Georgia. The habitat consists of deciduous...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascending%20cholangitis
Ascending cholangitis, also known as acute cholangitis or simply cholangitis, is inflammation of the bile duct, usually caused by bacteria ascending from its junction with the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It tends to occur if the bile duct is already partially obstructed by gallstones. Cholangitis can...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromomycin%20A3
Chromomycin A3 (CMA3) or Toyomycin is an anthraquinone antibiotic glycoside produced by the fermentation of a certain strain of Streptomyces griseus (No. 7). Fluorescence properties In the presence of Mg2+ ions, Chromomycin A3 binds reversibly to DNA, preferentially to contiguous G/C base pairs. When bound to DNA,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphism%20density
In the mathematical field of extremal graph theory, homomorphism density with respect to a graph is a parameter that is associated to each graph in the following manner: . Above, is the set of graph homomorphisms, or adjacency preserving maps, from to . Density can also be interpreted as the probability that a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provability%20logic
Provability logic is a modal logic, in which the box (or "necessity") operator is interpreted as 'it is provable that'. The point is to capture the notion of a proof predicate of a reasonably rich formal theory, such as Peano arithmetic. Examples There are a number of provability logics, some of which are covered in t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-noticeable%20difference
In the branch of experimental psychology focused on sense, sensation, and perception, which is called psychophysics, a just-noticeable difference or JND is the amount something must be changed in order for a difference to be noticeable, detectable at least half the time. This limen is also known as the difference limen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaco
Guaco, huaco, vejuco and bejuco are terms applied to various vine-like Central American, South American, and West Indian climbing plants, reputed to have curative powers. Several species in the genus Mikania are among those referred to as guaco. Even though it is not a vine guaco is also used to refer to Cleome serrula...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20cultivation%20of%20the%20plants%20belonging%20to%20the%20natural%20order%20of%20Proteeae
On the cultivation of the plants belonging to the natural order of Proteeae is an 1809 paper on the family Proteaceae of flowering plants. Although nominally written by Joseph Knight as a paper on cultivation techniques, all but 13 pages consists of an unattributed taxonomic revision now known to have been written by R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPO%20inhibitor
A PPO inhibitor may inhibit two unrelated enzymes abbreviated "PPO". They are: Protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors Used as herbicides Polyphenol oxidase inhibitors Biochemistry terminology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligogenic%20inheritance
Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – ὀligos = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by a few genes. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cephalization
Cephalization is an evolutionary trend in which, over many generations, the mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the front end of an animal, producing a head region. This is associated with movement and bilateral symmetry, such that the animal has a definite head end. This led to the formation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruled%20join
In algebraic geometry, given irreducible subvarieties V, W of a projective space Pn, the ruled join of V and W is the union of all lines from V to W in P2n+1, where V, W are embedded into P2n+1 so that the last (resp. first) n + 1 coordinates on V (resp. W) vanish. It is denoted by J(V, W). For example, if V and W are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Antonick
Gary Antonick ( ; born February 11, 1963) is an American journalist and recreational mathematician who for many years wrote a puzzle-based column called "Numberplay" for the New York Times. Education and career Antonick has a BS in Engineering from the University of Michigan and an MBA from Harvard Business School. N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache%20Stanbol
Apache Stanbol is an open source modular software stack and reusable set of components for semantic content management. Apache Stanbol components are meant to be accessed over RESTful interfaces to provide semantic services for content management. Thus, one application is to extend traditional content management system...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeakFit
PeakFit is an automated nonlinear peak separation and analysis software package for scientists performing spectroscopy, chromatography and electrophoresis. PeakFit automatically finds and fits up to 100 peaks to a data set, at a time, enabling users to characterize peaks and find the best equation that fits their data...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chomsky%E2%80%93Sch%C3%BCtzenberger%20enumeration%20theorem
In formal language theory, the Chomsky–Schützenberger enumeration theorem is a theorem derived by Noam Chomsky and Marcel-Paul Schützenberger about the number of words of a given length generated by an unambiguous context-free grammar. The theorem provides an unexpected link between the theory of formal languages and a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonblocker
In graph theory, a nonblocker is a subset of vertices in an undirected graph, all of which are adjacent to vertices outside of the subset. Equivalently, a nonblocker is the complement of a dominating set. The computational problem of finding the largest nonblocker in a graph was formulated by , who observed that it be...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground%20House%20Colorado
The Underground House in Ward, Colorado, was a subterranean dwelling known for its architectural design, which embraced the concept of underground living. The house was designed by architect Julian "Jay" Swayze (1923–1981) in the 1960s. The dwelling is an example of an unconventional approach to residential constructi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fitzgerald%20%28computer%20scientist%29
John S. Fitzgerald FBCS (born 1965) is a British computer scientist. He is a professor at Newcastle University. He was the head of the School of Computing before taking on the role of Dean of Strategic Projects in the university’s Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering. His research interests are in the area ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalog%20of%20articles%20in%20probability%20theory
This page lists articles related to probability theory. In particular, it lists many articles corresponding to specific probability distributions. Such articles are marked here by a code of the form (X:Y), which refers to number of random variables involved and the type of the distribution. For example (2:DC) indicates...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankh
The ankh or key of life is an ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol used to represent the word for "life" and, by extension, as a symbol of life itself. The ankh has a T-shape topped by a droplet-shaped loop. It was used in writing as a triliteral sign, representing a sequence of three consonants, Ꜥ-n-ḫ. This sequence ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R/K%20selection%20theory
In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of combinations of traits in an organism that trade off between quantity and quality of offspring. The focus on either an increased quantity of offspring at the expense of individual parental investment of r-strategists, or on a reduced quantity of offspring wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Analytical%20Symposium
The Eastern Analytical Symposium (EAS) and Exposition is an American organization that sponsors a Symposium and Exposition generally held in Princeton, New Jersey, every November. The Symposium is attended by over 2000 scientists and typically contains several hundred papers by the world's leading authorities on analyt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/99th%20meridian%20east
The meridian 99° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 99th meridian east forms a great circle with the 81st meridian west. From Pole to Pole Starting at the North Pole and he...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telstra%20Tower
Telstra Tower (also known as Black Mountain Tower and formerly Telecom Tower) is a telecommunications tower and lookout that is situated above the summit of Black Mountain in Australia's capital city of Canberra. It is named after Australia's largest telecommunications company, Telstra Corporation. The Tower sits withi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Read%20%28mathematician%29
Charles John Read (16 February 1958 – 14 August 2015) was a British mathematician known for his work in functional analysis. In operator theory, he is best known for his work in the 1980s on the invariant subspace problem, where he constructed operators with only trivial invariant subspaces on particular Banach spaces,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysosomal%20acid%20lipase%20deficiency
Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL deficiency or LAL-D) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism that results in the body not producing enough active lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) enzyme. This enzyme plays an important role in breaking down fatty material (cholesteryl esters and triglycerides) in the body....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rytz%27s%20construction
The Rytz’s axis construction is a basic method of descriptive geometry to find the axes, the semi-major axis and semi-minor axis and the vertices of an ellipse, starting from two conjugated half-diameters. If the center and the semi axis of an ellipse are determined the ellipse can be drawn using an ellipsograph or by ...