source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storage%20Resource%20Broker
Storage Resource Broker (SRB) is data grid management computer software used in computational science research projects. SRB is a logical distributed file system based on a client-server architecture which presents users with a single global logical namespace or file hierarchy. Essentially, the software enables a user ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pension%20fund%20investment%20in%20infrastructure
Infrastructure as an asset class Although traditionally the preserve of governments and municipal authorities, infrastructure has recently become an asset class in its own right for private-sector investors, most notably pension funds. Historically, pension funds have tended to invest mostly in "core assets" (such a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20%28group%20theory%29
In group theory, a word is any written product of group elements and their inverses. For example, if x, y and z are elements of a group G, then xy, z−1xzz and y−1zxx−1yz−1 are words in the set {x, y, z}. Two different words may evaluate to the same value in G, or even in every group. Words play an important role in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiener%20connector
In network theory, the Wiener connector is a means of maximizing efficiency in connecting specified "query vertices" in a network. Given a connected, undirected graph and a set of query vertices in a graph, the minimum Wiener connector is an induced subgraph that connects the query vertices and minimizes the sum of sho...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total%20angular%20momentum%20quantum%20number
In quantum mechanics, the total angular momentum quantum number parametrises the total angular momentum of a given particle, by combining its orbital angular momentum and its intrinsic angular momentum (i.e., its spin). If s is the particle's spin angular momentum and ℓ its orbital angular momentum vector, the total a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20field
For a given temperature, the critical field refers to the maximum magnetic field strength below which a material remains superconducting. Superconductivity is characterized both by perfect conductivity (zero resistance) and by the complete expulsion of magnetic fields (the Meissner effect). Changes in either temperatur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Minding
Ernst Ferdinand Adolf Minding (; – ) was a German-Russian mathematician known for his contributions to differential geometry. He continued the work of Carl Friedrich Gauss concerning differential geometry of surfaces, especially its intrinsic aspects. Minding considered questions of bending of surfaces and proved the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co%E2%80%93Star
Co–Star is an American astrological social networking service founded in 2017, and headquartered in New York City. Users enter the date, time and place they were born to receive an astrological chart and daily horoscopes that they can compare to those of their friends. History Founder and CEO Banu Guler came up with...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biophotonics
The term biophotonics denotes a combination of biology and photonics, with photonics being the science and technology of generation, manipulation, and detection of photons, quantum units of light. Photonics is related to electronics and photons. Photons play a central role in information technologies, such as fiber op...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning%20to%20rank
Learning to rank or machine-learned ranking (MLR) is the application of machine learning, typically supervised, semi-supervised or reinforcement learning, in the construction of ranking models for information retrieval systems. Training data consists of lists of items with some partial order specified between items in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20constant
The magic constant or magic sum of a magic square is the sum of numbers in any row, column, or diagonal of the magic square. For example, the magic square shown below has a magic constant of 15. For a normal magic square of order n – that is, a magic square which contains the numbers 1, 2, ..., n2 – the magic constant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOD%20mice
Non-obese diabetic or NOD mice, like biobreeding rats, are used as an animal model for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes develops in NOD mice as a result of insulitis, a leukocytic infiltrate of the pancreatic islets. The onset of diabetes is associated with a moderate glycosuria and a non-fasting hyperglycemia. It is recomme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream%20contamination
Upstream contamination by floating particles is a counterintuitive phenomenon in fluid dynamics. When pouring water from a higher container to a lower one, particles floating in the latter can climb upstream into the upper container. A definitive explanation is still lacking: experimental and computational evidence ind...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20reduction
In the mathematical field of graph theory, a transitive reduction of a directed graph is another directed graph with the same vertices and as few edges as possible, such that for all pairs of vertices , a (directed) path from to in exists if and only if such a path exists in the reduction. Transitive reductions we...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptable%20Market%20Name
In U.S. food regulations, an Acceptable Market Name is a set of guidelines for names of seafood sold in interstate commerce. The Acceptable Market Names are recommendations, and not legally enforceable.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%27n%20Proto
Cap’n Proto is a data serialization format and Remote Procedure Call (RPC) framework for exchanging data between computer programs. The high-level design focuses on speed and security, making it suitable for network as well as inter-process communication. Cap'n Proto was created by the former maintainer of Google's p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator%20bacteria
Indicator bacteria are types of bacteria used to detect and estimate the level of fecal contamination of water. They are not dangerous to human health but are used to indicate the presence of a health risk. Each gram of human feces contains approximately ~100 billion () bacteria. These bacteria may include species of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillator%20representation
In mathematics, the oscillator representation is a projective unitary representation of the symplectic group, first investigated by Irving Segal, David Shale, and André Weil. A natural extension of the representation leads to a semigroup of contraction operators, introduced as the oscillator semigroup by Roger Howe in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccentricity%20%28behavior%29
Eccentricity (also called quirkiness) is an unusual or odd behavior on the part of an individual. This behavior would typically be perceived as unusual or unnecessary, without being demonstrably maladaptive. Eccentricity is contrasted with normal behavior, the nearly universal means by which individuals in society solv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphohydroxypyruvic%20acid
Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is an organic acid most widely known as an intermediate in the synthesis of serine. Chemical properties Phosphohydroxypyruvic acid is a moderately weak acid.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachyosteosclerosis
Pachyosteosclerosis is a combination of thickening (pachyostosis) and densification (osteosclerosis) of bones. It makes bones more heavy, but also more fragile. The condition often occurs in aquatic vertebrates, especially those living in shallow waters, creating ballast as an adaptation for maintaining neutral buoyanc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dough%20conditioner
A dough conditioner, flour treatment agent, improving agent or bread improver is any ingredient or chemical added to bread dough to strengthen its texture or otherwise improve it in some way. Dough conditioners may include enzymes, yeast nutrients, mineral salts, oxidants and reductants, bleaching agents and emulsifier...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20safety%20classification
Software installed in medical devices is assessed for health and safety issues according to international standards. Safety classes Software classification is based on the potential for hazard(s) that could cause injury to the user or patient. Per [[IEC 62304|IEC 62304:2006] + A1:2015], the software can be divided i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial%20toxin
Microbial toxins are toxins produced by micro-organisms, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, dinoflagellates, and viruses. Many microbial toxins promote infection and disease by directly damaging host tissues and by disabling the immune system. Endotoxins most commonly refer to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or lipooli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft%20Growing%20Robotics
Soft Growing Robotics is a subset of soft robotics concerned with designing and building robots that use robot body expansion to move and interact with the environment. Soft growing robots are built from compliant materials and attempt to mimic how vines, plant shoots, and other organisms reach new locations through g...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endiandric%20acid%20C
Endiandric acid C, isolated from the tree Endiandra introrsa, is a well characterized chemical compound. Endiadric acid C is reported to have better antibiotic activity than ampicillin. This genus of trees is in the family Lauraceae. These trees are found in the north-eastern Australian rainforests and other tropical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entoptic%20phenomenon
Entoptic phenomena () are visual effects whose source is within the human eye itself. (Occasionally, these are called entopic phenomena, which is probably a typographical mistake.) In Helmholtz's words: "Under suitable conditions light falling on the eye may render visible certain objects within the eye itself. These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sug%20Woo%20Shin
Sug Woo Shin is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Berkeley working in number theory, automorphic forms, and the Langlands program. Education From 1994 to 1996 when he was in Seoul Science High School, Shin won two gold medals (including a perfect score in 1995) and one bronze medal while repr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20pollution
Biological pollution (impacts or bio pollution) is the impact of humanity's actions on the quality of aquatic and terrestrial environment. Specifically, biological pollution is the introduction of non-indigenous and invasive species, otherwise known as Invasive Alien Species (IAS). When the biological pollution is intr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies%20equation
The Davies equation is an empirical extension of Debye–Hückel theory which can be used to calculate activity coefficients of electrolyte solutions at relatively high concentrations at 25 °C. The equation, originally published in 1938, was refined by fitting to experimental data. The final form of the equation gives the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motility
Motility is the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy. Definitions Motility, the ability of an organism to move independently, using metabolic energy, can be contrasted with sessility, the state of organisms that do not possess a means of self-locomotion and are normally immobile. Moti...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomina%20Anatomica%20Veterinaria
The Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (often abbreviated as NAV) is an standardized nomenclature. It is made by World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (WAVA). It is used as the standard reference for anatomical (zootomical) terminology in the field of veterinary science regarding domestic mammals (domestic birds are reg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-kinetic%20attack
A cyber-kinetic attack targets cyber-physical systems and causes direct or indirect physical damage, injury or death, or environmental impact solely through the exploitation of vulnerable information systems and processes. Notable attacks in this category in the recent past have targeted critical infrastructure facilit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCNAB3
Voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KCNAB3 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a voltage-gated potassium channel beta subunit.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depositional%20resolution
In geology, the depositional resolution is the age span of objects that are contained within a stratum. In most cases the objects of interest are grains or fossils. Limit cases One limit case with an extremely low depositional resolution is a reworked fossil in a younger bed. Here the stratigraphic resolution is appr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20causation
Universal causation is the proposition that everything in the universe has a cause and is thus an effect of that cause. This means that if a given event occurs, then this is the result of a previous, related event. If an object is in a certain state, then it is in that state as a result of another object interacting wi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-bit%20character%20code
A six-bit character code is a character encoding designed for use on computers with word lengths a multiple of 6. Six bits can only encode 64 distinct characters, so these codes generally include only the upper-case letters, the numerals, some punctuation characters, and sometimes control characters. The 7-track magnet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five%20prime%20untranslated%20region
The 5′ untranslated region (also known as 5′ UTR, leader sequence, transcript leader, or leader RNA) is the region of a messenger RNA (mRNA) that is directly upstream from the initiation codon. This region is important for the regulation of translation of a transcript by differing mechanisms in viruses, prokaryotes and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type%20IV%20collagen%20C4%20domain
In molecular biology, the type IV collagen C4 domain (or collagen IV NC1 domain) is a duplicated domain present at the C-terminus of type IV collagens. Each type IV collagen contains a long triple-helical collagenous domain flanked by a short 7S domain of 25 amino acids and a globular non-collagenous C4 domain of ~230 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haramiyida
Haramiyida is a possibly polyphyletic order of mammaliaform cynodonts or mammals of controversial taxonomic affinites. Their teeth, which are by far the most common remains, resemble those of the multituberculates. However, based on Haramiyavia, the jaw is less derived; and at the level of evolution of earlier basal ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalleye%20whip%20ray
The smalleye whip ray (Himantura microphthalma) is an obscure species of stingray in the family Dasyatidae. It is known only from a single specimen collected off Taiwan and assigned to the genus Dasyatis by J.T.F. Chen in 1948. In 1982, Leonard Compagno and Tyson Roberts moved it to the genus Himantura based on its app...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authorization
Authorization or authorisation (see spelling differences) is the function of specifying access rights/privileges to resources, which is related to general information security and computer security, and to access control in particular. More formally, "to authorize" is to define an access policy. For example, human reso...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20column-based%20nucleic%20acid%20purification
Spin column-based nucleic acid purification is a solid phase extraction method to quickly purify nucleic acids. This method relies on the fact that nucleic acid will bind to the solid phase of silica under certain conditions. Procedure The stages of the method are lyse, bind, wash, and elute. More specifically, this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20teleswitch
A radio teleswitch is a device used in the United Kingdom primarily to allow electricity suppliers to switch large numbers of electricity meters between different tariff rates, by broadcasting an embedded signal in broadcast radio signals. Radio teleswitches are also used to switch on/off consumer appliances to make us...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20backoff
Exponential backoff is an algorithm that uses feedback to multiplicatively decrease the rate of some process, in order to gradually find an acceptable rate. These algorithms find usage in a wide range of systems and processes, with radio networks and computer networks being particularly notable. Exponential backoff al...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard%20problem%20of%20consciousness
In philosophy of mind, the hard problem of consciousness is to explain why and how humans and other organisms have qualia, phenomenal consciousness, or subjective experiences. It is contrasted with the "easy problems" of explaining why and how physical systems give a (healthy) human being the ability to discriminate, t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomad%20200
The Nomad 200 or N200 was a commercial research robot manufactured in the 1990s by Nomadic Technologies, Inc. It is an integrated mobile system robot built with different sensing options and was primarily built for laboratory courses in robotics as well as for research and development work. Description Nomad 200 was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexandre%20Borovik
Alexandre V. Borovik (born 1956) is a Professor of Pure Mathematics at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom. He was born in Russia and graduated from Novosibirsk State University in 1978. His principal research lies in algebra, model theory, and combinatorics—topics on which he published several monographs and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoanaerobacter%20acetoethylicus
Thermoanaerobacter acetoethylicus, formerly called Thermobacteroides acetoethylicus, is a species of thermophilic, nonspore-forming bacteria. T. acetoethylicus was first isolated from Octopus Spring in Yellowstone National Park. The bacteria produce ethanol and acetic acid as fermentation products, but do not produce ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC%20G4
PowerPC G4 is a designation formerly used by Apple and Eyetech to describe a fourth generation of 32-bit PowerPC microprocessors. Apple has applied this name to various (though closely related) processor models from Freescale, a former part of Motorola. Motorola and Freescale's proper name of this family of processors ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauss%E2%80%93Jacobi%20quadrature
In numerical analysis, Gauss–Jacobi quadrature (named after Carl Friedrich Gauss and Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi) is a method of numerical quadrature based on Gaussian quadrature. Gauss–Jacobi quadrature can be used to approximate integrals of the form where ƒ is a smooth function on and . The interval can be replaced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugate%20focal%20plane
In optics, a conjugate plane or conjugate focal plane of a given plane P, is the plane P′ such that points on P are imaged on P′. If an object is moved to the point occupied by its image, then the moved object's new image will appear at the point where the object originated. In other words, the object and its image are...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodecyte
A kodecyte (ko•de•cyte) is a living cell that has been modified (koded) by the incorporation of one or more function-spacer-lipid constructs (FSL constructs) to gain a new or novel biological, chemical or technological function. The cell is modified by the lipid tail of the FSL construct incorporating into the bilipid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAML-based%20products%20and%20services
Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is a set of specifications that encompasses the XML-format for security tokens containing assertions to pass information about a user and protocols and profiles to implement authentication and authorization scenarios. This article has a focus on software and services in the cat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division%20by%20infinity
In mathematics, division by infinity is division where the divisor (denominator) is ∞. In ordinary arithmetic, this does not have a well-defined meaning, since ∞ is a mathematical concept that does not correspond to a specific number, and moreover, there is no nonzero real number that, when added to itself an infinite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirror%20furnace
In a mirror furnace, material is heated by the lamps whose radiation is focused by mirrors. They are widely used for growing single crystals for scientific purposes, using the "floating zone" method. See also Solar furnace External links Pictures and diagrams of single crystal growth from the Ceramic Single-Cryst...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic%20language%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, a symbolic language is a language that uses characters or symbols to represent concepts, such as mathematical operations, expressions, and statements, and the entities or operands on which the operations are performed. See also Formal language Language of mathematics List of mathematical symbols Mathe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20camera%20system
In 3D video games, a virtual camera system aims at controlling a camera or a set of cameras to display a view of a 3D virtual world. Camera systems are used in video games where their purpose is to show the action at the best possible angle; more generally, they are used in 3D virtual worlds when a third-person view is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/156th%20meridian%20west
The meridian 156° west of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 156th meridian west forms a great circle with the 24th meridian east. From Pole to Pole Starting at the North...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphyseal%20line
An epiphyseal line is an epiphyseal plate that has become ossified. The process of it forming from an epiphyseal plate is named epiphyseal closure. In adult humans, it marks the point of fusion between the epiphysis and the metaphysis. Function The epiphyseal line serves no function in the bone, being purely vestigia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debonair%20Afrik
Debonair Afrik (stylised as debonairafrik) is a Ghanaian based digital media publication covering fashion, lifestyle, publishing, and current events. It was founded in 2015 by Emmanuel Ekuban (Nuel Bans), as a neo-Africanism publication. It is a popular online news portal for Ghanaians and widely acknowledged by the Su...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duqu
Duqu is a collection of computer malware discovered on 1 September 2011, thought by Kaspersky Labs to be related to the Stuxnet worm and to have been created by Unit 8200. Duqu has exploited Microsoft Windows's zero-day vulnerability. The Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS Lab) of the Budapest Unive...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Sample
Bill Sample (born April 16, 1946) was a state legislator in Arkansas. Career A Republican, he served in the Arkansas Senate between 2011 and 2023, representing Hot Springs, after having served three terms in the Arkansas House of Representatives beginning in 2005. He lives near Village, Arkansas. In 2022, he was nar...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotations%20in%204-dimensional%20Euclidean%20space
In mathematics, the group of rotations about a fixed point in four-dimensional Euclidean space is denoted SO(4). The name comes from the fact that it is the special orthogonal group of order 4. In this article rotation means rotational displacement. For the sake of uniqueness, rotation angles are assumed to be in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Othello
Computer Othello refers to computer architecture encompassing computer hardware and computer software capable of playing the game of Othello. It is also known as Reversi for Microsoft Windows (1.0-XP, 1985-2005) and Classic Mac OS (since 1984). Availability There are many Othello programs such as NTest, Saio, Edax, C...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20center%20security
Data center security is the set of policies, precautions and practices adopted at a data center to avoid unauthorized access and manipulation of its resources. The data center houses the enterprise applications and data, hence why providing a proper security system is critical. Denial of service (DoS), theft of confid...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corneal%20keratocyte
Corneal keratocytes (corneal fibroblasts) are specialized fibroblasts residing in the stroma. This corneal layer, representing about 85-90% of corneal thickness, is built up from highly regular collagenous lamellae and extracellular matrix components. Keratocytes play the major role in keeping it transparent, healing i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior%20vesical%20artery
The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder. This artery often also gives branches to the vas deferens and can provide minor collateral circulation for the testicles. Anatomy The superior vesical artery is a branch of the umbilical artery. The vesiculo-prostatic artery usual...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issue%20tracking%20system
An issue tracking system (also ITS, trouble ticket system, support ticket, request management or incident ticket system) is a computer software package that manages and maintains lists of issues. Issue tracking systems are generally used in collaborative settings, especially in large or distributed collaborations, but ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhabha%20scattering
In quantum electrodynamics, Bhabha scattering is the electron-positron scattering process: There are two leading-order Feynman diagrams contributing to this interaction: an annihilation process and a scattering process. Bhabha scattering is named after the Indian physicist Homi J. Bhabha. The Bhabha scattering rate i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodman%20relation
Within the branch of materials science known as material failure theory, the Goodman relation (also called a Goodman diagram, a Goodman-Haigh diagram, a Haigh diagram or a Haigh-Soderberg diagram) is an equation used to quantify the interaction of mean and alternating stresses on the fatigue life of a material. The equ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20sensor%20array
A chemical sensor array is a sensor architecture with multiple sensor components that create a pattern for analyte detection from the additive responses of individual sensor components. There exist several types of chemical sensor arrays including electronic, optical, acoustic wave, and potentiometric devices. These ch...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool%20Registrar
In computing, a Pool Registrar (PR) is a component of the reliable server pooling (RSerPool) framework which manages a handlespace. PRs are also denoted as ENRP server or Name Server (NS). The responsibilities of a PR are the following: Register Pool Elements into a handlespace, Deregister Pool Elements from a handl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metalorganic%20vapour-phase%20epitaxy
Metalorganic vapour-phase epitaxy (MOVPE), also known as organometallic vapour-phase epitaxy (OMVPE) or metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD), is a chemical vapour deposition method used to produce single- or polycrystalline thin films. It is a process for growing crystalline layers to create complex semicond...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression-kriging
In applied statistics and geostatistics, regression-kriging (RK) is a spatial prediction technique that combines a regression of the dependent variable on auxiliary variables (such as parameters derived from digital elevation modelling, remote sensing/imagery, and thematic maps) with interpolation (kriging) of the regr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic%20grid
A semantic grid is an approach to grid computing in which information, computing resources and services are described using the semantic data model. In this model, the data and metadata are expressed through facts (small sentences), becoming directly understandable for humans. This makes it easier for resources to be d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XLeratorDB
XLeratorDB is a suite of database function libraries that enable Microsoft SQL Server to perform a wide range of additional (non-native) business intelligence and ad hoc analytics. The libraries, which are embedded and run centrally on the database, include more than 450 individual functions similar to those found in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20supercoil
DNA supercoiling refers to the amount of twist in a particular DNA strand, which determines the amount of strain on it. A given strand may be "positively supercoiled" or "negatively supercoiled" (more or less tightly wound). The amount of a strand’s supercoiling affects a number of biological processes, such as compact...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Alexander%20Fairbairn
William Alexander Fairbairn FRSE MBOU (d.1984) was a Scottish forester and ornithologist. He was a co-founder of the Central Forestry Examination Board. Life He was born around 1902 in Edinburgh. He was educated at George Heriot's School then attended the University of Edinburgh graduating with a BSc in 1924. He then ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrapian%20sicklebill
The astrapian sicklebill, also known as the green-breasted riflebird, is a bird in the Paradisaeidae family that is believed to be an intergeneric hybrid between an Arfak astrapia and black sicklebill. This explanation was proposed by Erwin Stresemann who used the same explanation for the Elliot's bird-of-paradise. The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funiculus%20%28neuroanatomy%29
A funiculus or column is a small bundle of axons (nerve fibres), enclosed by the perineurium. A small nerve may consist of a single funiculus, but a larger nerve will have several funiculi collected together into larger bundles known as fascicles. Fascicles are bound together in a common membrane, the epineurium. Fun...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair%20random%20assignment
Fair random assignment (also called probabilistic one-sided matching) is a kind of a fair division problem. In an assignment problem (also called house-allocation problem or one-sided matching), there m objects and they have to be allocated among n agents, such that each agent receives at most one object. Examples inc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haar-like%20feature
Haar-like features are digital image features used in object recognition. They owe their name to their intuitive similarity with Haar wavelets and were used in the first real-time face detector. Historically, working with only image intensities (i.e., the RGB pixel values at each and every pixel of image) made the tas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoke%20%28donkey%29
Smoke, also known as Smoke the Donkey, was a donkey that was a mascot and therapy animal for the United States Marine Corps in 2008 to 2009, during the 2003 Iraq War. In 2011, he was relocated to Omaha, Nebraska in the United States, where he died of natural causes in 2012. His life has been the subject of a book and h...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon%20spin%20spectroscopy
Muon spin spectroscopy, also known as µSR, is an experimental technique based on the implantation of spin-polarized muons in matter and on the detection of the influence of the atomic, molecular or crystalline surroundings on their spin motion. The motion of the muon spin is due to the magnetic field experienced by the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine%20motor%20skill
Fine motor skill (or dexterity) is the coordination of small muscles in movement with the eyes, hands and fingers. The complex levels of manual dexterity that humans exhibit can be related to the nervous system. Fine motor skills aid in the growth of intelligence and develop continuously throughout the stages of human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geophysical%20%26%20Astrophysical%20Fluid%20Dynamics
Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering applications of fluid dynamics in the fields of astrophysics and geophysics. It was established in 1970 as Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, obtaining its current name in 1977. It is published by Taylor & Francis and the edito...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine%20cavity
The uterine cavity is the inside of the uterus. It is triangular in shape, the base (broadest part) being formed by the internal surface of the body of the uterus between the openings of the fallopian tubes, the apex by the internal orifice of the uterus through which the cavity of the body communicates with the canal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schreckstoff
In 1938, the Austrian ethologist Karl von Frisch made his first report on the existence of the chemical alarm signal known as Schreckstoff (fright substance) in minnows. An alarm signal is a response produced by an individual, the "sender", reacting to a hazard that warns other animals, the receivers, of danger. This...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Neural%20Network%20Society
The European Neural Network Society (ENNS) is an association of scientists, engineers, students, and others seeking to learn about and advance understanding of artificial neural networks. Specific areas of interest in this scientific field include modelling of behavioral and brain processes, development of neural algor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoribosylanthranilate%20isomerase
In enzymology, a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase (PRAI) () is an enzyme that catalyzes the third step of the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan. This enzyme participates in the phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis pathway, also known as the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway In yeast, it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avellis%20syndrome
Avellis syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by a peculiar form of alternating paralysis. There is paralysis of the soft palate and vocal cords on one side and loss of pain sensation and temperature sense on the other side, including the extremities, trunk, and neck. It usually results from occlusion of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroneutral%20cation-Cl
In molecular biology, the electroneutral cation-Cl (electroneutral potassium chloride cotransporter) family of proteins are a family of solute carrier proteins. This family includes the products of the Human genes: SLC12A1, SLC12A1, SLC12A2, SLC12A3, SLC12A4, SLC12A5, SLC12A6, SLC12A7, SLC12A8 and SLC12A9. The K-Cl co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32%20%28number%29
32 (thirty-two) is the natural number following 31 and preceding 33. In mathematics 32 is the fifth power of two (), making it the first non-unitary fifth-power of the form p5 where p is prime. 32 is the totient summatory function over the first 10 integers, and the smallest number with exactly 7 solutions for . The...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse%20orientation
Transverse orientation, keeping a fixed angle on a distant source of light for orientation, is a proprioceptive response displayed by some insects such as moths. By maintaining a constant angular relationship to a bright celestial light, such as the moon, they can fly in a straight line. Celestial objects are so far a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous%20small-vessel%20vasculitis
Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV), is inflammation of small blood vessels, usually accompanied by small lumps beneath the skin. The condition is also known as hypersensitivity vasculitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hypersensitivity angiitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis, cutaneous necrotizing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP%20Physics%20B
Advanced Placement (AP) Physics B was a physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It was equivalent to a year-long introductory university course covering Newtonian mechanics, electromagnetism, fluid mechanics, thermal physics, waves, optics, and modern physics. The cou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piezoelectrochemical%20transducer%20effect
The piezoelectrochemical transducer effect (PECT) is a coupling between the electrochemical potential and the mechanical strain in ion-insertion-based electrode materials. It is similar to the piezoelectric effect – with both exhibiting a voltage-strain coupling - although the PECT effect relies on movement of ions wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20Analysis%20and%20Replanning%20Tool
The Dynamic Analysis and Replanning Tool, commonly abbreviated to DART, is an artificial intelligence program used by the U.S. military to optimize and schedule the transportation of supplies or personnel and solve other logistical problems. DART uses intelligent agents to aid decision support systems located at the U...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20Planetoid
Double Planetoid is a wood engraving print by the Dutch artist M. C. Escher, first printed in 1949. Description Double Planetoid is printed in four colors from four wood blocks. It depicts a planetoid in the shape of a compound of two tetrahedra, interpenetrating each other to form a stellated octahedron. One of the t...