source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20semigroup
In mathematics, an analytic semigroup is particular kind of strongly continuous semigroup. Analytic semigroups are used in the solution of partial differential equations; compared to strongly continuous semigroups, analytic semigroups provide better regularity of solutions to initial value problems, better results con...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-glucan
Beta-glucans, β-glucans comprise a group of β-D-glucose polysaccharides (glucans) naturally occurring in the cell walls of cereals, bacteria, and fungi, with significantly differing physicochemical properties dependent on source. Typically, β-glucans form a linear backbone with 1–3 β-glycosidic bonds but vary with resp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semicolon
The semicolon (or semi-colon) is a symbol commonly used as orthographic punctuation. In the English language, a semicolon is most commonly used to link (in a single sentence) two independent clauses that are closely related in thought, such as when restating the preceding idea with a different expression. When a semic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web%20service
A web service (WS) is either: a service offered by an electronic device to another electronic device, communicating with each other via the Internet, or a server running on a computer device, listening for requests at a particular port over a network, serving web documents (HTML, JSON, XML, images). In a web service...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas/oil%20ratio
When oil is produced to surface temperature and pressure it is usual for some natural gas to come out of solution. The gas/oil ratio (GOR) is the ratio of the volume of gas ("scf") that comes out of solution to the volume of oil — at standard conditions. In reservoir simulation gas/oil ratio is usually abbreviated . ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carrion
Carrion (), also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, condors, hawks, eagles, hyenas, Virginia opossum, Tasmanian devils, coyote...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20prosthesis
A visual prosthesis, often referred to as a bionic eye, is an experimental visual device intended to restore functional vision in those with partial or total blindness. Many devices have been developed, usually modeled on the cochlear implant or bionic ear devices, a type of neural prosthesis in use since the mid-1980s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytokine%20storm
A cytokine storm, also called hypercytokinemia, is a physiological reaction in humans and other animals in which the innate immune system causes an uncontrolled and excessive release of pro-inflammatory signaling molecules called cytokines. Normally, cytokines are part of the body's immune response to infection, but th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negafibonacci%20coding
In mathematics, negafibonacci coding is a universal code which encodes nonzero integers into binary code words. It is similar to Fibonacci coding, except that it allows both positive and negative integers to be represented. All codes end with "11" and have no "11" before the end. Encoding method To encode a nonzero ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle%20Mineral%20Supplement
Miracle Mineral Supplement, often referred to as Miracle Mineral Solution, Master Mineral Solution, MMS or the CD protocol, is a branded name for an aqueous solution of chlorine dioxide, an industrial bleaching agent, that has been falsely promoted as a cure for illnesses including HIV, cancer and the common cold. It i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online%20video%20platform
An online video platform (OVP) enables users to upload, convert, store, and play back video content on the Internet, often via a private server structured, large-scale system that may generate revenue. Users will generally upload video content via the hosting service's website, mobile or desktop application, or other i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diflubenzuron
Diflubenzuron is an insecticide of the benzoylurea class. It is used in forest management and on field crops to selectively control insect pests, particularly forest tent caterpillar moths, boll weevils, gypsy moths, and other types of moths. It is a widely used larvicide in India for control of mosquito larvae by pub...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium%20diglutamate
Calcium diglutamate, sometimes abbreviated CDG and also called calcium glutamate, is a compound with formula Ca(C5H8NO4)2. It is a calcium acid salt of glutamic acid. CDG is a flavor enhancer (E number E623)—it is the calcium analog of monosodium glutamate (MSG). Because the glutamate is the actual flavor-enhancer, CDG...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TB6Cs2H1%20snoRNA
TB6Cs2H1 is a member of the H/ACA-like class of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule that guide the sites of modification of uridines to pseudouridines of substrate RNAs. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) thus named because of its cellular localization in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell. TB6Cs2H1 is predic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shion%20Uzuki
is the main protagonist of the Xenosaga trilogy for the PlayStation 2. In addition, she was in the mobile game Pied Piper, Xenosaga I & II, Xenosaga Freaks, as well as the anime Xenosaga: The Animation. Character design Shion Uzuki is the main character of the three episodes of Xenosaga, which have been referred to as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrivatOS
PrivatOS was an operating system used in the Blackphone from June 1, 2014, to June 30, 2016. It was targeted at users who sought improved privacy and security. It provided encryption for phone calls, emails, texts, and internet browsing. PrivatOS was a modified version of Android, forked from Android 4.4.2, that came w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostimulation
Biostimulation involves the modification of the environment to stimulate existing bacteria capable of bioremediation. This can be done by addition of various forms of rate limiting nutrients and electron acceptors, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon (e.g. in the form of molasses). Alternatively, remediat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20control%20system
An industrial control system (ICS) is an electronic control system and associated instrumentation used for industrial process control. Control systems can range in size from a few modular panel-mounted controllers to large interconnected and interactive distributed control systems (DCSs) with many thousands of field co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral%20neuroscience
Behavioral neuroscience, also known as biological psychology, biopsychology, or psychobiology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals. History Behavioral neuroscience as a scientific discipline emerged...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanning%20flow%20cell
Scanning Flow Cell (SFC) is an electrochemical technique, based on the principle of channel electrode. The electrolyte is continuously flowing over a substrate that is introduced externally on translation stage. In contrast to the reference and counter electrode that are integrated in the main channel or placed in side...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unrestricted%20grammar
In automata theory, the class of unrestricted grammars (also called semi-Thue, type-0 or phrase structure grammars) is the most general class of grammars in the Chomsky hierarchy. No restrictions are made on the productions of an unrestricted grammar, other than each of their left-hand sides being non-empty. This gramm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdheim%E2%80%93Chester%20disease
Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is an extremely rare disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of a specific type of white blood cells called histiocytes, or tissue macrophages (technically, this disease is termed a non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis). It was declared a histiocytic neoplasm by the World Health...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin%20rectangle
In combinatorial mathematics, a Latin rectangle is an matrix (where ), using symbols, usually the numbers or as its entries, with no number occurring more than once in any row or column. An Latin rectangle is called a Latin square. Latin rectangles and Latin squares may also be described as the optimal colorings ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnaviridae
Barnaviridae is a family of non-enveloped, positive-strand RNA viruses. Cultivated mushrooms serve as natural hosts. The family has one genus, Barnavirus, which contains one species: Mushroom bacilliform virus. Diseases associated with this family includes La France disease. Structure Viruses in Barnaviridae are non-e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial%20computer
A serial computer is a computer typified by bit-serial architecture i.e., internally operating on one bit or digit for each clock cycle. Machines with serial main storage devices such as acoustic or magnetostrictive delay lines and rotating magnetic devices were usually serial computers. Serial computers require much ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain%20before%20feedback
In live sound mixing, gain before feedback (GBF) is a practical measure of how much a microphone can be amplified in a sound reinforcement system before causing audio feedback. In audiology, GBF is a measure of hearing aid performance. In both fields the amount of gain is measured in decibels at or just below the point...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane%20glucocorticoid%20receptor
Membrane glucocorticoid receptors (mGRs) are a group of receptors which bind and are activated by glucocorticoids such as cortisol and corticosterone, as well as certain exogenous glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone. Unlike the classical nuclear glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which mediates its effects via genomic mec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteitis
Osteitis is inflammation of bone. More specifically, it can refer to one of the following conditions: Osteomyelitis, or infectious osteitis, mainly bacterial osteitis Alveolar osteitis or "dry socket" Condensing osteitis (or Osteitis condensans) Osteitis deformans (or Paget's disease of bone) Osteitis fibrosa cyst...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-PULSE
S-PULSE is the acronym of Shrink-Path of Ultra-Low Power Superconducting Electronics. S-PULSE is a support action of the European Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) that stimulates joint efforts of European academic and industrial groups in the field of superconducting technologies. The general goal is to prepare Super...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretome
The secretome is the set of proteins expressed by an organism and secreted into the extracellular space. In humans, this subset of the proteome encompasses 13-20% of all proteins, including cytokines, growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins and regulators, and shed receptors. The secretome of a specific tissue ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20backscatter%20diffraction
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD is carried out in a scanning electron microscope equipped with an EBSD detector comprising at least a phosphorescent screen, a compact lens and a low-light camera. In...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrin%20family
The gastrin family (also known as the gastrin/cholecystokinin family) of proteins is defined by the peptide hormones gastrin and cholecystokinin. Gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK) are structurally and functionally related peptide hormones that serve as regulators of various digestive processes and feeding behaviors. Ad...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowsocks
Shadowsocks is a free and open-source encryption protocol project, widely used in China to circumvent Internet censorship. It was created in 2012 by a Chinese programmer named "clowwindy", and multiple implementations of the protocol have been made available since. Shadowsocks is not a proxy on its own, but (typically)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonothopanus%20nambi
Neonothopanus nambi is a poisonous and bioluminescent mushroom in the family Marasmiaceae. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this species' bioluminescence were published in 2019, the first to be elucidated for a fungus. In 2020, genes from this fungus were used to create bioluminescent tobacco plants. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhash%20Chandra%20Lakhotia
2018 INSA Aryabhata Medal2022  Asiatic Society, Kolkata Joy Gobind Law Memorial Medal Subhash Chandra Lakhotia (born 4 October 1945) is an Indian cytogeneticist, academic, Distinguished Professor of Zoology, and Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB) Distinguished Fellow at Banaras Hindu University. He is known f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanu%C5%A1a%20snarks
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Blanuša snarks are two 3-regular graphs with 18 vertices and 27 edges. They were discovered by Yugoslavian mathematician Danilo Blanuša in 1946 and are named after him. When discovered, only one snark was known—the Petersen graph. As snarks, the Blanuša snarks are connect...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpin
Serpins are a superfamily of proteins with similar structures that were first identified for their protease inhibition activity and are found in all kingdoms of life. The acronym serpin was originally coined because the first serpins to be identified act on chymotrypsin-like serine proteases (serine protease inhibitors...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benini%20distribution
In probability, statistics, economics, and actuarial science, the Benini distribution is a continuous probability distribution that is a statistical size distribution often applied to model incomes, severity of claims or losses in actuarial applications, and other economic data. Its tail behavior decays faster than a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20McCloud
is a fictional character and the chief protagonist of Nintendo's Star Fox series. He is an anthropomorphic fox created and designed by Shigeru Miyamoto and Takaya Imamura. He was introduced as a player character in the original 1993 video game Star Fox. In each game, to varying extents, the player controls Fox in his A...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Kowalski
Robert Anthony Kowalski (born 15 May 1941) is an American-British logician and computer scientist, whose research is concerned with developing both human-oriented models of computing and computational models of human thinking. He has spent most of his career in the United Kingdom. Education He was educated at the Uni...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20homeomorphism
In mathematics, more specifically topology, a local homeomorphism is a function between topological spaces that, intuitively, preserves local (though not necessarily global) structure. If is a local homeomorphism, is said to be an étale space over Local homeomorphisms are used in the study of sheaves. Typical exam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20blanking%20interval
In a raster scan display, the vertical blanking interval (VBI), also known as the vertical interval or VBLANK, is the time between the end of the final visible line of a frame or field and the beginning of the first visible line of the next frame or field. It is present in analog television, VGA, DVI and other signals....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20robotics
Evolutionary robotics is an embodied approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) in which robots are automatically designed using Darwinian principles of natural selection. The design of a robot, or a subsystem of a robot such as a neural controller, is optimized against a behavioral goal (e.g. run as fast as possible). U...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raid%20%28insecticide%29
Raid is the brand name of a line of insecticide products produced by S. C. Johnson & Son, first launched in 1956. The initial active ingredient was allethrin, the first synthetic pyrethroid. Raid derivatives aimed at particular invertebrate species can contain other active agents such as the more toxic cyfluthrin whic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend%20periodic%20nonstationary%20processes
Trend periodic non-stationary processes (or trend cyclostationary processes) are a type of cyclostationary process that exhibits both periodic behavior and a statistical trend. The trend can be linear or nonlinear, and it can result from systematic changes in the data over time. A cyclostationary process can be formed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony%20Mobile%20Display
Sony Mobile Display Corporation was a subsidiary of Sony Corporation and produced Low-temperature polysilicon, amorphous silicon TFT LCD panels, organic EL displays and touch screens for use in mobile products such as camcorders, digital cameras, mobile phones, automobiles, etc. Its manufacturing plants were located in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-pay%20auction
In economics and game theory, an all-pay auction is an auction in which every bidder must pay regardless of whether they win the prize, which is awarded to the highest bidder as in a conventional auction. As shown by Riley and Samuelson (1981), equilibrium bidding in an all pay auction with private information is reven...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20American%20Datum
The South American Datum (SAD) is a regional historical geodetic datum for South America. The most common version was established in 1969 (SAD69), as adopted by the Pan American Institute of Geography and History. It uses as reference ellipsoid the Geodetic Reference System 1967 (GRS-67), recommended by the Internati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFU-DL
CFU-DL is a colony forming unit that gives rise to Langerhans cells.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soleal%20line
The soleal line, also known as the popliteal line (in older texts), is a prominent ridge on the posterior surface of the tibia. It is the site of many muscle origins and insertions, such as those of popliteus muscle, soleus muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, and tibialis posterior muscle. Structure The soleal li...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemic-onset%20juvenile%20idiopathic%20arthritis
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (or the juvenile onset form of Still's disease) is a type of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) with extra-articular manifestations like fever and rash apart from arthritis. It was originally called systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or Still's disease. Predominantly e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilon
A trilon is a three-faceted prism-shaped object. A trilon can be made to rotate on an axle to show different text or images which may be applied to any of its three facets. Trilons have been used on game shows and billboards. The game board on the original Concentration may have been the first use of trilons on a gam...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precision%20BioSciences
Precision BioSciences, Inc. is a publicly traded American clinical stage gene editing company headquartered in Durham, North Carolina. Founded in 2006, Precision is focused on developing both in vivo and ex vivo gene editing therapies using its proprietary "ARCUS" genome editing platform. History Derek Jantz and Jeff...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partitioning%20Communication%20System
Partitioning Communication System is a computer and communications security architecture based on an information flow separation policy. The PCS extends the four foundational security policies of a MILS (Multiple Independent Levels of Security) software architecture to the network: End-to-end Information Flow End-to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFP92
ZFP92 zinc finger protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZFP92 gene.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/157th%20meridian%20east
The meridian 157° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, Australasia, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole. The 157th meridian east forms a great circle with the 23rd meridian west. From Pole to Pole Starting at the N...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclu
Exclu was an encrypted messaging app that was shut down after a series of international raids in February 2023. Service Exclu offered licences for three or six months, for €500 and €900 respectively. History In 2019 German police raided CyberBunker, which led to them obtaining data needed to decrypt the Exclu servic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiparty%20communication%20complexity
In theoretical computer science, multiparty communication complexity is the study of communication complexity in the setting where there are more than 2 players. In the traditional two–party communication game, introduced by , two players, P1 and P2 attempt to compute a Boolean function Player P1 knows the value ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BackTrack
BackTrack was a Linux distribution that focused on security, based on the Knoppix Linux distribution aimed at digital forensics and penetration testing use. In March 2013, the Offensive Security team rebuilt BackTrack around the Debian distribution and released it under the name Kali Linux. History The BackTrack dist...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porto%20Alegre%20Botanical%20Garden
The Porto Alegre Botanical Garden is a Foundation of Rio Grande do Sul located on the street Salvador França, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. History The project for a botanical garden in Porto Alegre dates back to the beginning of the 19th century, when Dom Joao VI, after creating the Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, sent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDF6
Growth differentiation factor 6 (GDF6) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF6 gene. Function GDF6 belongs to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily and may regulate patterning of the ectoderm by interacting with bone morphogenetic proteins, and control eye development. Growth differentiation fa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometrothermodynamics
In physics, geometrothermodynamics (GTD) is a formalism developed in 2007 by Hernando Quevedo to describe the properties of thermodynamic systems in terms of concepts of differential geometry. Consider a thermodynamic system in the framework of classical equilibrium thermodynamics. The states of thermodynamic equilib...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ditylum
Ditylum is a genus of diatoms belonging to the family Lithodesmiaceae. The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Species: Ditylum brightwellii Ditylum buchananii Ditylum cornutum Ditylum ehrenbergii Ditylum grovei Ditylum inaequale Ditylum pernodi Ditylum segmentale Ditylum sol Ditylum trigonum Ditylum trigo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSIL
XSIL (Extensible Scientific Interchange Language) is an XML-based transport language for scientific data, supporting the inclusion of both in-file data and metadata. The language comes with an extensible Java object model. The language's elementary objects include Param (arbitrary association between a keyword and a va...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dudley%20triangle
Dudley Triangle may also refer to a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. In mathematics, the Dudley triangle is a triangular array of integers that was defined by . It consists of the numbers . Dudley exhibited several rows of this triangle, and challenged readers to find the next row; the challenge was met by J. G...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X/Open
X/Open group (also known as the Open Group for Unix Systems and incorporated in 1987 as X/Open Company, Ltd.) was a consortium founded by several European UNIX systems manufacturers in 1984 to identify and promote open standards in the field of information technology. More specifically, the original aim was to define a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet%20resistance
Sheet resistance, is the resistance of a square piece of a thin material with contacts made to two opposite sides of the square. It is usually a measurement of electrical resistance of thin films that are uniform in thickness. It is commonly used to characterize materials made by semiconductor doping, metal deposition,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasoft
Parasoft (officially Parasoft Corporation) is an independent software vendor specializing in automated software testing and application security with headquarters in Monrovia, California. It was founded in 1987 by four graduates of the California Institute of Technology who planned to commercialize the parallel computi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probabilistic%20epigenesis
Probabilistic epigenesis is a way of understanding human behavior based on the relationship between experience and biology. It is a variant form of epigenetics, proposed by American psychologist Gilbert Gottlieb in 1991. Gottlieb’s model is based on Conrad H. Waddington's idea of developmental epigenesis. Both theories...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclin-dependent%20kinase
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are the families of protein kinases first discovered for their role in regulating the cell cycle. They are also involved in regulating transcription, mRNA processing, and the differentiation of nerve cells. They are present in all known eukaryotes, and their regulatory function in the ce...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioscorine
Dioscorine is an alkaloid toxin isolated from the tubers of tropical yam on several continents. It has been used as a monkey poison in some African countries, and as an arrow poison to aid in hunting in several parts of Asia. It was first isolated from Dioscorea hirsute (synonymous with Dioscorea hirsuta) by Boorsma in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radalbuvir
Radalbuvir (INN, also known as GS-9669) is an experimental antiviral drug for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection developed by Gilead Sciences. Radalbuvir acts as an NS5B inhibitor. It is currently in clinical trials. It targets NS5B polymerase.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20conjectures%20on%20algebraic%20cycles
In mathematics, the standard conjectures about algebraic cycles are several conjectures describing the relationship of algebraic cycles and Weil cohomology theories. One of the original applications of these conjectures, envisaged by Alexander Grothendieck, was to prove that his construction of pure motives gave an abe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JCAMP-DX
JCAMP-DX are text-based file formats created by JCAMP for storing spectroscopic data. It started as a file format for Infrared spectroscopy. It was later expanded to cover Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, electron magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Later extensions for go...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test%20script
A test script in software testing is a set of instructions that will be performed on the system under test to test that the system functions as expected. Types of test scripts There are various means for executing test scripts. These last two types are also done in manual testing. Manual testing. These are more comm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloning%20vector
A cloning vector is a small piece of DNA that can be stably maintained in an organism, and into which a foreign DNA fragment can be inserted for cloning purposes. The cloning vector may be DNA taken from a virus, the cell of a higher organism, or it may be the plasmid of a bacterium. The vector contains features that a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha%20%28passenger%20pigeon%29
Martha ( – September 1, 1914) was the last known living passenger pigeon (Ectopistes migratorius); she was named "Martha" in honor of the first First Lady Martha Washington. Early life The history of the Cincinnati Zoo's passenger pigeons has been described by Arlie William Schorger in his monograph on the species as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenWireless.org
The Open Wireless Movement hosted at OpenWireless.org is an Internet activism project which seeks to increase Internet access by encouraging people and organizations to configure or install software on their own wireless router to offer a separate public guest network or to make a single public wireless access point. I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMLLR
In signal processing, Feature space Maximum Likelihood Linear Regression (fMLLR) is a global feature transform that are typically applied in a speaker adaptive way, where fMLLR transforms acoustic features to speaker adapted features by a multiplication operation with a transformation matrix. In some literature, fMLLR ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone%20morphogenetic%20protein
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are a group of growth factors also known as cytokines and as metabologens. Originally discovered by their ability to induce the formation of bone and cartilage, BMPs are now considered to constitute a group of pivotal morphogenetic signals, orchestrating tissue architecture throughout...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse%20approximation
Sparse approximation (also known as sparse representation) theory deals with sparse solutions for systems of linear equations. Techniques for finding these solutions and exploiting them in applications have found wide use in image processing, signal processing, machine learning, medical imaging, and more. Sparse decom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard-core%20predicate
In cryptography, a hard-core predicate of a one-way function f is a predicate b (i.e., a function whose output is a single bit) which is easy to compute (as a function of x) but is hard to compute given f(x). In formal terms, there is no probabilistic polynomial-time (PPT) algorithm that computes b(x) from f(x) with p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20capacity
In the theory of quantum communication, the quantum capacity is the highest rate at which quantum information can be communicated over many independent uses of a noisy quantum channel from a sender to a receiver. It is also equal to the highest rate at which entanglement can be generated over the channel, and forward c...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeoclimatic%20ecosystem%20classification
Biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification (BEC) is an ecological classification framework used in British Columbia to define, describe, and map ecosystem-based units at various scales, from broad, ecologically-based climatic regions down to local ecosystems or sites. BEC is termed an ecosystem classification as the appro...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery%20leakage
Battery leakage is the escape of chemicals, such as electrolytes, within an electric battery due to generation of pathways to the outside environment caused by factory or design defects, excessive gas generation, or intentional or accidental abuse of the battery. The leakage of battery chemical often causes destructive...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantically%20Interlinked%20Online%20Communities
Semantically Interlinked Online Communities Project (SIOC ( )) is a Semantic Web technology. SIOC provides methods for interconnecting discussion methods such as blogs, forums and mailing lists to each other. It consists of the SIOC ontology, an open-standard machine-readable format for expressing the information conta...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating%20ratio
In finance, the operating ratio is a company's operating expenses as a percentage of revenue. This financial ratio is most commonly used for industries which require a large percentage of revenues to maintain operations, such as railroads. In railroading, an operating ratio of 80 or lower is considered desirable. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Land
Fred Frank Land (born Frank Landsberger; October 1928) is a German-born information systems researcher and was the first United Kingdom Professor of Information Systems. He is currently emeritus professor in the Department of Information Systems at the London School of Economics (LSE). He was married to Ailsa Land, a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20resilience
In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly. Such perturbations and disturbances can include stochastic events such as fires, flooding, windstorms, insect population explosions, and human activities such as deforestation, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henohenomoheji
Henohenomoheji ( ) or hehenonomoheji () is a face known to be drawn by Japanese schoolchildren using hiragana characters. It became a popular drawing during the Edo period. Composition The word breaks down into seven hiragana characters: he (), no (), he (), no (), mo (), he (), and ji (). The first two he are the eye...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le%20Raynaud
Michèle Raynaud (born Michèle Chaumartin; ) is a French mathematician, who works on algebraic geometry and who worked with Alexandre Grothendieck in Paris in the 1960s at the Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS). Biography Raynaud was a member of the séminaire de géométrie algébrique du Bois Marie (SGA)...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Crunch
The Big Crunch is a hypothetical scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the expansion of the universe eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero, an event potentially followed by a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Ban...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20folding
Protein folding is the physical process where a protein chain is translated into its native three-dimensional structure, typically a "folded" conformation, by which the protein becomes biologically functional. Via an expeditious and reproducible process, a polypeptide folds into its characteristic three-dimensional str...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaman
Metaman: The Merging of Humans and Machines into a Global Superorganism () is a 1993 book by author Gregory Stock. The title refers to a superorganism comprising humanity and its technology. While many people have had ideas about a global brain, they have tended to suppose that this can be improved or altered by hum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20guessing
In software testing, error guessing is a test method in which test cases used to find bugs in programs are established based on experience in prior testing. The scope of test cases usually rely on the software tester involved, who uses experience and intuition to determine what situations commonly cause software failur...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20lens
An electrostatic lens is a device that assists in the transport of charged particles. For instance, it can guide electrons emitted from a sample to an electron analyzer, analogous to the way an optical lens assists in the transport of light in an optical instrument. Systems of electrostatic lenses can be designed in th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20algorithms
The following timeline of algorithms outlines the development of algorithms (mainly "mathematical recipes") since their inception. Medieval Period Before – writing about "recipes" (on cooking, rituals, agriculture and other themes) c. 1700–2000 BC – Egyptians develop earliest known algorithms for multiplying two num...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20BPMN%202.0%20engines
This is a list of notable Business Process Model and Notation 2.0 (BPMN 2.0) Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs). List of BPMN 2.0 engines See also Comparison of Business Process Modeling Notation tools List of BPEL engines Notes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdependence%20theory
Interdependence theory is a social exchange theory that states that interpersonal relationships are defined through interpersonal interdependence, which is "the process by which interacting people influence one another's experiences"(Van Lange & Balliet, 2014, p. 65). The most basic principle of the theory is encapsula...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARC%20fusion%20reactor
The ARC fusion reactor (affordable, robust, compact) is a design for a compact fusion reactor developed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Plasma Science and Fusion Center (PSFC). ARC aims to achieve an engineering breakeven of three (to produce three times the electricity required to operate the machin...