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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfinsen%27s%20dogma | Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology. It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. The dogma was championed by the Nobel Prize La... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20B.%20Provine | William Ball Provine (February 19, 1942 – September 1, 2015) was an American historian of science and of evolutionary biology and population genetics. He was the Andrew H. and James S. Tisch Distinguished University Professor at Cornell University and was a professor in the Departments of History, Science and Technolog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance%20matrix | In probability theory and statistics, a covariance matrix (also known as auto-covariance matrix, dispersion matrix, variance matrix, or variance–covariance matrix) is a square matrix giving the covariance between each pair of elements of a given random vector.
Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagnetizing%20field | The demagnetizing field, also called the stray field (outside the magnet), is the magnetic field (H-field) generated by the magnetization in a magnet. The total magnetic field in a region containing magnets is the sum of the demagnetizing fields of the magnets and the magnetic field due to any free currents or displace... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramanujan%20summation | Ramanujan summation is a technique invented by the mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan for assigning a value to divergent infinite series. Although the Ramanujan summation of a divergent series is not a sum in the traditional sense, it has properties that make it mathematically useful in the study of divergent infinite s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparkie%20Williams | Sparkie Williams (1954–1962) was a talking budgie who had a repertoire of more than 500 words and eight nursery rhymes, becoming a national celebrity after fronting an advertising campaign for Capern's bird seed, and making a record which sold 20,000 copies. After he died, he was stuffed and put on show at Newcastle's ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20mixing | Harmonic mixing or key mixing (also referred to as mixing in key) is a DJ's continuous mix between two pre-recorded tracks that are most often either in the same key, or their keys are relative or in a subdominant or dominant relationship with one another.
The primary goal of harmonic mixing is to create a smooth tran... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation%20coefficient | A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. The variables may be two columns of a given data set of observations, often called a sample, or two components of a multivariate random variable with a known distribution.
Several typ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physics%20First | Physics First is an educational program in the United States, that teaches a basic physics course in the ninth grade (usually 14-year-olds), rather than the biology course which is more standard in public schools. This course relies on the limited math skills that the students have from pre-algebra and algebra I. With... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%E2%80%93Fermi%20screening | Thomas–Fermi screening is a theoretical approach to calculate the effects of electric field screening by electrons in a solid. It is a special case of the more general Lindhard theory; in particular, Thomas–Fermi screening is the limit of the Lindhard formula when the wavevector (the reciprocal of the length-scale of i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgeworth%20paradox | To solve the Bertrand paradox, the Irish economist Francis Ysidro Edgeworth put forward the Edgeworth Paradox in his paper "The Pure Theory of Monopoly", published in 1897.
In economics, the Edgeworth paradox describes a situation in which two players cannot reach a state of equilibrium with pure strategies, i.e. each... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixing%20length%20model | In fluid dynamics, the mixing length model is a method attempting to describe momentum transfer by turbulence Reynolds stresses within a Newtonian fluid boundary layer by means of an eddy viscosity. The model was developed by Ludwig Prandtl in the early 20th century. Prandtl himself had reservations about the model, d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleopedological%20record | The paleopedological record is, essentially, the fossil record of soils. The paleopedological record consists chiefly of paleosols buried by flood sediments, or preserved at geological unconformities, especially plateau escarpments or sides of river valleys. Other fossil soils occur in areas where volcanic activity has... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20structure%20control | Variable structure control (VSC) is a form of discontinuous nonlinear control. The method alters the dynamics of a nonlinear system by application of a high-frequency switching control. The state-feedback control law is not a continuous function of time; it switches from one smooth condition to another. So the structur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20quality%20management%20system | Clinical quality management systems (CQMS) are systems used in the life sciences sector (primarily in the pharmaceutical, biologics and medical device industries) designed to manage quality management best practices throughout clinical research and clinical study management. A CQMS system is designed to manage all of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative%20medicine | Comparative medicine is a distinct discipline of experimental medicine that uses animal models of human and animal disease in translational and biomedical research. In other words, it relates and leverages biological similarities and differences among species to better understand the mechanism of human and animal disea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence%20step%20algorithm | A sequence step algorithm (SQS-AL) is an algorithm implemented in a discrete event simulation system to maximize resource utilization. This is achieved by running through two main nested loops: A sequence step loop and a replication loop. For each sequence step, each replication loop is a simulation run that collects c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence%20intensity%20decay%20shape%20microscopy | Within the scientific study of a molecule's color, Fluorescence intensity decay shape microscopy (FIDSAM) is a fluorescence microscope technique, which utilizes the time evolution of fluorescence emission after a pulsed excitation to analyse the decay statistics of an excited chromophore. The main application of FIDSAM... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomedicine | Photomedicine is an interdisciplinary branch of medicine that involves the study and application of light with respect to health and disease. Photomedicine may be related to the practice of various fields of medicine including dermatology, surgery, interventional radiology, optical diagnostics, cardiology, circadian rh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomical%20Calculation%20Institute%20%28Heidelberg%20University%29 | The Astronomical Calculation Institute (; ARI) is a research institute in Heidelberg, Germany, dating from the 1700s. Beginning in 2005, the ARI became part of the Center for Astronomy at Heidelberg University (, ). Previously, the institute directly belonged to the state of Baden-Württemberg.
Description
The ARI ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hog-Morse | Hog-Morse was telegraphers' jargon for the tendency of inexperienced telegraph operators to make errors when sending or receiving in Morse code. The term was current in the United States during the period when American Morse code was still in use.
It is so called after one example (here given in International Morse bu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union%20of%20Brewery%20and%20Mill%20Workers | The Union of Brewery and Mill Workers and Kindred Trades () was a trade union representing workers in the food and drink processing industry in Germany.
The union was founded on 1 October 1910, when the Central Union of Brewery Workers merged with the German Mill Workers' Union. The brewers dominated the new union, w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogan%20syndrome | Cogan syndrome (also Cogan's syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye (the cornea) and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and hearing loss. It can lead to deafness or blindness if untreated. The class... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%20leucine%20zipper%20and%20W2%20domain-containing%20protein%202 | Basic Leucine Zipper and W2 Domain-Containing Protein 2 is a protein that is encoded by the BZW2 gene. It is a eukaryotic translation factor found in species up to bacteria. In animals, it is localized in the cytoplasm and expressed ubiquitously throughout the body. The heart, placenta, skeletal muscle, and hippocampus... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20T.%20Benjamin | Arthur T. Benjamin (born March 19, 1961) is an American mathematician who specializes in combinatorics. Since 1989 he has been a professor of mathematics at Harvey Mudd College, where he is the Smallwood Family Professor of Mathematics.
He is known for mental math capabilities and "Mathemagics" performances in front o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray%20ramus%20communicans | Each spinal nerve receives a branch called a gray ramus communicans (: rami communicantes) from the adjacent paravertebral ganglion of the sympathetic trunk. The gray rami communicantes contain postganglionic nerve fibers of the sympathetic nervous system and are composed of largely unmyelinated neurons. This is in con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yips | In sports, the yips are a sudden and unexplained loss of ability to execute certain skills in experienced athletes. Symptoms of the yips are losing fine motor skills and psychological issues that impact on the muscle memory and decision-making of athletes, leaving them unable to perform basic skills of their sport.
Co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hattons%20Model%20Railways | Hattons Model Railways is a British retailer and manufacturer of model railway paraphernalia founded in Liverpool, England in 1946 by Norman Hatton (1918-2005).
After significant growth due to a move into online mail order the company relocated to Widnes, Cheshire in January 2016 and is still part owned by Norman Hatt... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyo | is a Japanese electronics manufacturer founded in 1947 by Toshio Iue, the brother-in-law of Kōnosuke Matsushita, the founder of Panasonic. Iue left Matsushita Electric Industrial (now Panasonic) to start his own business, acquiring some of its equipment to produce bicycle generator lamps. In 1950, the company was estab... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decomposition%20matrix | In mathematics, and in particular modular representation theory, a decomposition matrix is a matrix that results from writing the irreducible ordinary characters in terms of the irreducible modular characters, where the entries of the two sets of characters are taken to be over all conjugacy classes of elements of orde... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girolami%20method | The Girolami method, named after Gregory Girolami, is a predictive method for estimating densities of pure liquid components at room temperature. The objective of this method is the simple prediction of the density and not high precision.
Procedure
The method uses purely additive volume contributions for single atoms... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haken-Kelso-Bunz%20model | The Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) is a theoretical model of motor coordination originally formulated by Hermann Haken, J. A. Scott Kelso and H. Bunz. The model attempts to provide the framework for understanding coordinated behavior in living things. It accounts for experimental observations on human bimanual coordination tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ProQuest%20Dialog | Dialog is an online information service owned by ProQuest, who acquired it from Thomson Reuters in mid-2008.
Dialog was one of the predecessors of the World Wide Web as a provider of information, though not in form. The earliest form of the Dialog system was completed in 1966 in Lockheed Martin under the direction of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alopecia%20areata | Alopecia areata, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. It often results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress and illness are possible factors in bringing on alopecia areata in individuals at risk, but in mos... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gassmann%27s%20equation | The Gassmann equation, first described by Fritz Gassmann, is used in geophysics and its relations are receiving more attention as seismic data are increasingly used for reservoir monitoring. The Gassmann equation is the most common way of performing a fluid substitution model from one known parameter.
Procedure
These ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20manifold | In mathematics, a Hilbert manifold is a manifold modeled on Hilbert spaces. Thus it is a separable Hausdorff space in which each point has a neighbourhood homeomorphic to an infinite dimensional Hilbert space. The concept of a Hilbert manifold provides a possibility of extending the theory of manifolds to infinite-dime... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical%20handover | Clinical handover, patient handover or handover is the transfer of professional responsibility and accountability for some or all aspects of care for a patient, or group of patients, to another person or professional group on a temporary or permanent basis. Failure in handover is a major source in preventable patient h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetric%20WKB%20approximation | In physics, the supersymmetric WKB (SWKB) approximation is an extension of the WKB approximation that uses principles from supersymmetric quantum mechanics to provide estimations on energy eigenvalues in quantum-mechanical systems. Using the supersymmetric method, there are potentials that can be expressed in terms of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20Optimization%20Society | The Mathematical Optimization Society (MOS), known as the Mathematical Programming Society until 2010, is an international association of researchers active in optimization. The MOS encourages the research, development, and use of optimization—including mathematical theory, software implementation, and practical appli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhysicsOverflow | PhysicsOverflow is a physics website that serves as a post-publication open peer review platform for research papers in physics, as well as a collaborative blog and online community of physicists. It allows users to ask, answer and comment on graduate-level physics questions, post and review manuscripts from ArXiv (whi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%E2%80%93Selberg%20trace%20formula | In mathematics, the Arthur–Selberg trace formula is a generalization of the Selberg trace formula from the group SL2 to arbitrary reductive groups over global fields, developed by James Arthur in a long series of papers from 1974 to 2003. It describes the character of the representation of on the discrete part of in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20per%20gallon | The grain per gallon (gpg) is a unit of water hardness defined as 1 grain (64.8 milligrams) of calcium carbonate dissolved in 1 US gallon of water (3.785412 L). It translates into 1 part in about 58,000 parts of water or 17.1 parts per million (ppm). Also called Clark degree (in terms of an imperial gallon).
Usage
Cal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20matter | The term Dirac matter refers to a class of condensed matter systems which can be effectively described by the Dirac equation. Even though the Dirac equation itself was formulated for fermions, the quasi-particles present within Dirac matter can be of any statistics. As a consequence, Dirac matter can be distinguished i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial%20genetics | Bacterial genetics is the subfield of genetics devoted to the study of bacterial genes. Bacterial genetics are subtly different from eukaryotic genetics, however bacteria still serve as a good model for animal genetic studies. One of the major distinctions between bacterial and eukaryotic genetics stems from the bacte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20chromodynamics%20binding%20energy | Quantum chromodynamics binding energy (QCD binding energy), gluon binding energy or chromodynamic binding energy is the energy binding quarks together into hadrons. It is the energy of the field of the strong force, which is mediated by gluons. Motion-energy and interaction-energy contribute most of the hadron's mass.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boyce%E2%80%93Codd%20normal%20form | Boyce–Codd normal form (or BCNF or 3.5NF) is a normal form used in database normalization. It is a slightly stronger version of the third normal form (3NF). BCNF was developed in 1974 by Raymond F. Boyce and Edgar F. Codd to address certain types of anomalies not dealt with by 3NF as originally defined.
If a relationa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogeneous%20space | In mathematics, a homogeneous space is, very informally, a space that looks the same everywhere, as you move through it, with movement given by the action of a group. Homogeneous spaces occur in the theories of Lie groups, algebraic groups and topological groups. More precisely, a homogeneous space for a group G is a n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozogamicin | The term ozogamicin in the names of monoclonal antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates indicates that they are linked to a cytotoxic agent from the class of calicheamicins.
See also
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Inotuzumab ozogamicin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanita%20fulva | Amanita fulva, commonly called the tawny grisette or the orange-brown ringless amanita, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. It is found frequently in deciduous and coniferous forests of Europe, and possibly North America.
Taxonomy and naming
Amanita fulva was first described by Jacob Christian Schäffer i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Wave%20Two | D-Wave Two (project code name Vesuvius) is the second commercially available quantum computer, and the successor to the first commercially available quantum computer, D-Wave One. Both computers were developed by Canadian company D-Wave Systems. The computers are not general purpose, but rather are designed for quantum ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate%20Competitive%20Equilibrium%20from%20Equal%20Incomes | Approximate Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes (A-CEEI) is a procedure for fair item assignment. It was developed by Eric Budish.
Background
CEEI (Competitive Equilibrium from Equal Incomes) is a fundamental rule for fair division of divisible resources. It divides the resources according to the outcome of th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid | Carotenoids () are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins, carrots, parsnips, corn, tomatoes, canaries, flamingos, salmon, lobster, shrimp, and daffodils. Over 1,100 identified... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concanavalin%20A | Concanavalin A (ConA) is a lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) originally extracted from the jack-bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a member of the legume lectin family. It binds specifically to certain structures found in various sugars, glycoproteins, and glycolipids, mainly internal and nonreducing terminal α-D-m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrup%20of%20Maidenhair | Syrup of Maidenhair, or Capillaire, is a beverage. It is a syrup made from adiantum (maidenhair fern) leaves. The concentrate is sweetened with sugar or honey and is mixed with a liquid, most commonly water or milk, before drinking.
Uses
In Portugal a drink called Capilè is made of syrup of maidenhair with grated le... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Best%20worst%20method | Best Worst Method (BWM) is a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method that was proposed by Dr. Jafar Rezaei in 2015. The method is used to evaluate a set of alternatives with respect to a set of decision criteria. The BWM is based on pairwise comparisons of the decision criteria. That is, after identifying the deci... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUBRIC | The Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC) is a brain imaging centre, part of Cardiff University's Science and Innovation Campus in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom. When it expanded in 2016, it was considered the most advanced brain imaging centre in Europe.
Building
Construction
CUBRIC was establi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen%20reading | Screen reading is the act of reading a text on a computer screen, smartphone, e-book reader,
Discovery
Louis Émile Javal, a French ophthalmologist and founder of an ophthalmology laboratory in Paris is credited with the introduction of the term saccades into eye movement research. Javal discovered that while reading,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koo%20%28social%20network%29 | Koo is an Indian microblogging and social networking service, owned by Bangalore-based Bombinate Technologies. It was co-founded by entrepreneurs Aprameya Radhakrishna and Mayank Bidawatka. The app was launched in early 2020; it won the government's Atmanirbhar App Innovation Challenge which selected the best apps from... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window%20detector | A window detector circuit, also called window comparator circuit or dual edge limit detector circuits is used to determine whether an unknown input is between two precise reference threshold voltages. It employs two comparators to detect over-voltage or under-voltage.
Each single comparator detects the common input vo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savage%20Pond | Savage Pond is an action pond simulation game which was written by Peter Judd for the Acorn Electron and BBC Micro, and by Gwyll Jones for the 16k versions of the Atari 8-bit family of home computers in 1983 and the Commodore 64 in 1984. It was originally released under the Starcade label and was reissued in 1985 when... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary%20virology | Veterinary virology is the study of viruses in non-human animals. It is an important branch of veterinary medicine.
Rhabdoviruses
Rhabdoviruses are a diverse family of single stranded, negative sense RNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, from plants and insects, to fish and mammals. The Rhaboviridae family c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cactus%20graph | In graph theory, a cactus (sometimes called a cactus tree) is a connected graph in which any two simple cycles have at most one vertex in common. Equivalently, it is a connected graph in which every edge belongs to at most one simple cycle, or (for nontrivial cacti) in which every block (maximal subgraph without a cut-... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iterator%20pattern | In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
For ex... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceans%20Act%20of%202000 | The Oceans Act of 2000 established the United States Commission on Ocean Policy, a working group tasked with the development of what would be known as the National Oceans Report.
The objective of the report is to promote the following:
Protection of life and property;
Stewardship of ocean and coastal resources;
Pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta%20function%20%28physics%29 | In theoretical physics, specifically quantum field theory, a beta function, β(g), encodes the dependence of a coupling parameter, g, on the energy scale, μ, of a given physical process described by quantum field theory.
It is defined as
and, because of the underlying renormalization group, it has no explicit depen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoanaerobacterales%20Family%20IV | Thermoanaerobacterales Family IV is a family of rod-shaped, motile bacteria in the order Thermoanaerobacterales of the phylum Bacillota. These microorganisms are spore-forming, anaerobic and moderately thermophilic (growing at optimal temperatures about 50°C) and stain Gram-positive. Because of uncertainty in the taxon... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/555%20%28number%29 | 555 (five hundred [and] fifty-five) is the natural number following 554 and preceding 556.
In mathematics
555 is a sphenic number. In base 10, it is a repdigit, and because it is divisible by the sum of its digits, it is a Harshad number. It is also a Harshad number in binary, base 11, base 13 and hexadecimal.
It is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20mechanical%20scattering%20of%20photon%20and%20nucleus | In pair production, a photon creates an electron positron pair. In the process of photons scattering in air (e.g. in lightning discharges), the most important interaction is the scattering of photons at the nuclei of atoms or molecules. The full quantum mechanical process of pair production can be described by the quad... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrozoning | Hydrozoning is the practice of clustering together plants with similar water requirements in an effort to conserve water. Grouping plants into hydrozones is an approach to irrigation and garden design where plants with similar water needs are grouped together. Through the practice of hydrozoning, it is possible to cust... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny%20Krinov | Yevgeny Leonidovich Krinov () (3 March 1906 – 2 January 1984), D.G.S., was a Soviet Russian astronomer and geologist, born in Otyassy () village in the Morshansky District of the Tambov Governorate of the Russian Empire. Krinov was a renowned meteorite researcher; the mineral Krinovite, discovered in 1966, was named a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong%20positional%20game | A strong positional game (also called Maker-Maker game) is a kind of positional game. Like most positional games, it is described by its set of positions () and its family of winning-sets (- a family of subsets of ). It is played by two players, called First and Second, who alternately take previously-untaken position... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20Neoview | HP Neoview was a data warehouse and business intelligence computer server line based on the Hewlett Packard NonStop line. It acted as a database server, providing NonStop OS and NonStop SQL, but lacked the transaction processing functionality of the original NonStop systems.
The line was retired, and no longer markete... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S180 | S180 is a murine Sarcoma cancer cell line. It has been commonly used in cancer research due to its rapid growth and proliferation in mice. The cell line was initially harvested from a soft tissue tumor in a Swiss mouse. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Plug%20and%20Play | Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) is a set of networking protocols on the Internet Protocol (IP) that permits networked devices, such as personal computers, printers, Internet gateways, Wi-Fi access points and mobile devices, to seamlessly discover each other's presence on the network and establish functional network serv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoconductive%20atomic%20force%20microscopy | Photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PC-AFM) is a variant of atomic force microscopy that measures photoconductivity in addition to surface forces.
Background
Multi-layer photovoltaic cells have gained popularity since mid 1980s. At the time, research was primarily focused on single-layer photovoltaic (PV) devices... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan%27s%20totient%20function | In number theory, Jordan's totient function, denoted as , where is a positive integer, is a function of a positive integer, , that equals the number of -tuples of positive integers that are less than or equal to and that together with form a coprime set of integers
Jordan's totient function is a generalization of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derby%27s%20dose | Derby's dose was a form of torture used in Jamaica to punish slaves who attempted to escape or committed other offenses like stealing food on plantations that were owned or run by Thomas Thistlewood. According to Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book Outliers, (Thomas Thistlewood wrote about his outlandish behaviour and di... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petersen%20graph | In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Petersen graph is an undirected graph with 10 vertices and 15 edges. It is a small graph that serves as a useful example and counterexample for many problems in graph theory. The Petersen graph is named after Julius Petersen, who in 1898 constructed it to be the smallest b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraposition | In logic and mathematics, contraposition refers to the inference of going from a conditional statement into its logically equivalent contrapositive, and an associated proof method known as proof by contraposition. The contrapositive of a statement has its antecedent and consequent inverted and flipped.
Conditional sta... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeosortase | An archaeosortase is a protein that occurs in the cell membranes of some archaea. Archaeosortases recognize and remove carboxyl-terminal protein sorting signals about 25 amino acids long from secreted proteins. A genome that encodes one archaeosortase may encode over fifty target proteins. The best characterized archae... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Barnard%20Basset | Alfred Barnard Basset FRS (25 July 1854 – 5 December 1930) was a British mathematician working on algebraic geometry, electrodynamics and hydrodynamics. In fluid dynamics, the Basset force—also known as the Boussinesq–Basset force—describes history effects on the force experienced by a body in unsteady motion (relative... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagittaria%20natans | Sagittaria natans is a species of flowering plant in the water plantain family. It is native to northern Europe and Asia and often cultivated elsewhere as an aquatic ornamental in aquaria and artificial ponds. It is widespread across much of the Russian Federation and reported also from Finland, Sweden, Mongolia, Japan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large%20Hadron%20Collider | The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is the world's largest and highest-energy particle collider. It was built by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) between 1998 and 2008 in collaboration with over 10,000 scientists and hundreds of universities and laboratories across more than 100 countries. It lies in a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey%20Stakhov | Alexey Petrovich Stakhov ( ; May 7, 1939 – January 25, 2021) is a Ukrainian mathematician, inventor and engineer, who has made contributions to the theory of Fibonacci numbers and the "Golden Section" and their applications in computer science and measurement theory and technology. Doctor of computer science (1972), p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetoplast | A kinetoplast is a network of circular DNA (called kDNA) inside a mitochondrion that contains many copies of the mitochondrial genome. The most common kinetoplast structure is a disk, but they have been observed in other arrangements. Kinetoplasts are only found in Excavata of the class Kinetoplastida. The variation in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodoo%205 | The Voodoo 5 was the last and most powerful graphics card line that 3dfx Interactive released. All members of the family were based upon the VSA-100 graphics processor. Only the single-chip Voodoo 4 4500 and dual-chip Voodoo 5 5500 made it to market.
Architecture and performance
The VSA-100 graphics chip is a direct ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravitational%20field | In physics, a gravitational field or gravitational acceleration field is a vector field used to explain the influences that a body extends into the space around itself. A gravitational field is used to explain gravitational phenomena, such as the gravitational force field excerted on another massive body. It has dimens... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20circumflex%20iliac%20artery | The deep circumflex iliac artery (or deep iliac circumflex artery) is an artery in the pelvis that travels along the iliac crest of the pelvic bone.
Course
The deep circumflex iliac artery arises from the lateral aspect of the external iliac artery nearly opposite the origin of the inferior epigastric artery.
It asce... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTR3C | 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HTR3C gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a subunit of the 5-HT3 receptor. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWAT%20model | SWAT (Soil & Water Assessment Tool) is a river basin scale model developed to quantify the impact of land management practices in large, complex watersheds. SWAT is a public domain software enabled model actively supported by the USDA Agricultural Research Service at the Blackland Research & Extension Center in Temple... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex%20regional%20pain%20syndrome | Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS Type 1 and Type 2) is a form of amplified musculoskeletal pain syndrome (AMPS) in which pain from a physical trauma outlasts the expected recovery time. The symptoms and causes of Type 1 and 2 are the same except Type 2 is caused by a nerve injury and is typically much more painful.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Patricio%20State%20Forest | San Patricio State Forest (Spanish: Bosque Estatal de San Patricio), also known as the San Patricio Urban Forest (Spanish: Bosque Urbano de San Patricio) is one of the 20 forests that make up the public forest system of Puerto Rico. This is a secondary or second-growth forest is located in the Gobernador Piñero distric... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stresemann%27s%20bird-of-paradise | Stresemann's bird-of-paradise is a bird in the family Paradisaeidae that is an intergeneric hybrid between a Queen Carola's parotia and greater lophorina.
History
Only one female specimen is known of this hybrid, held in the Berlin Natural History Museum, coming from Mount Hunstein in the Sepik district of north-easte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenius%20reciprocity | In mathematics, and in particular representation theory, Frobenius reciprocity is a theorem expressing a duality between the process of restricting and inducting. It can be used to leverage knowledge about representations of a subgroup to find and classify representations of "large" groups that contain them. It is name... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coding%20best%20practices | Coding best practices or programming best practices are a set of informal rules (best practices) that many software developers in computer programming follow to improve software quality.
Many computer programs remain in use for long periods of time, so any rules need to facilitate both initial development and subsequen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murid%20gammaherpesvirus%207 | Murid gammaherpesvirus 7 is a species of virus in the genus Rhadinovirus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae, family Herpesviridae, and order Herpesvirales. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20data%20visualization | Biology data visualization is a branch of bioinformatics concerned with the application of computer graphics, scientific visualization, and information visualization to different areas of the life sciences. This includes visualization of sequences, genomes, alignments, phylogenies, macromolecular structures, systems bi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pin%20trading | Pin trading is the practice of buying, selling, and exchanging collectible pins – most often lapel pins associated with a particular common theme, as well as related items – such as lanyards, bags, and hats to store and display the pins – as a hobby. Collectible pins used in pin trading are often found in amusement pa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%20set | In mathematics, an η set (eta set) is a type of totally ordered set introduced by that generalizes the order type η of the rational numbers.
Definition
If is an ordinal then an set is a totally ordered set in which for any two subsets and of cardinality less than , if every element of is less than every element... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue%20equation | In mathematics, a Thue equation is a Diophantine equation of the form
ƒ(x,y) = r,
where ƒ is an irreducible bivariate form of degree at least 3 over the rational numbers, and r is a nonzero rational number. It is named after Axel Thue, who in 1909 proved that a Thue equation can have only finitely many solutions in i... |
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