source
stringlengths
31
227
text
stringlengths
9
2k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoon%20Radio
Spoon is a social digital audio live streaming service. It is developed by Spoon Radio Inc., a South Korea-based company with a US office located in San Francisco, California. It allows users to listen to streamers and even start their own live streams using their smartphones and web, without any other equipment. It pr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Cameron%20%28mathematician%29
Peter Jephson Cameron FRSE (born 23 January 1947) is an Australian mathematician who works in group theory, combinatorics, coding theory, and model theory. He is currently half-time Professor of Mathematics at the University of St Andrews, and Emeritus Professor at Queen Mary University of London. Cameron received a B...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivity%20Fixatives
Radioactivity or radionuclide fixatives are specialized polymer coatings used to “fix” radioactive isotopes or radioactive material to surfaces. These fixatives, also known as permanent coatings in the radioactive contamination control field, have been used for many decades in facilities processing radioactive material...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenpropimorph
Fenpropimorph is a morpholine-derived fungicide used in agriculture, primarily on cereal crops such as wheat. It has been reported to disrupt eukaryotic sterol biosynthesis pathways, notably by inhibiting fungal Δ14 reductases. It has also been reported to inhibit mammalian sterol biosynthesis by affecting lanosterol d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synge%27s%20world%20function
In general relativity, Synge's world function is a smooth locally defined function of pairs of points in a smooth spacetime with smooth Lorentzian metric . Let be two points in spacetime, and suppose belongs to a convex normal neighborhood of (referred to the Levi-Civita connection associated to ) so that there ex...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentadactyl
Pentadactyl is a discontinued Firefox extension forked from the Vimperator and designed to provide a more efficient user interface for keyboard-fluent users. The design is heavily inspired by the Vim text editor, and the authors try to maintain consistency with it wherever possible. Features Once activated, Pentadact...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exact%20differential
In multivariate calculus, a differential or differential form is said to be exact or perfect (exact differential), as contrasted with an inexact differential, if it is equal to the general differential for some differentiable function  in an orthogonal coordinate system (hence is a multivariable function whose variab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20analyst
Public Analysts are scientists in the British Isles whose principal task is to ensure the safety and correct description of food by testing for compliance with legislation. Most Public Analysts are also Agricultural Analysts who carry out similar work on animal feedingstuffs and fertilisers. Nowadays this includes che...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMO%20number
The IMO number of the International Maritime Organization is a generic term covering two distinct meanings. The IMO ship identification number is a unique ship identifier; the IMO company and registered owner identification number is used to identify uniquely each company and/or registered owner managing ships of at l...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic%20malformation%206%20syndrome
Lymphatic malformation 6 syndrome, also called generalized lymphatic dysplasia of Fotiou or PIEZO1 disease, is an autosomal recessive genetic disease caused by mutations in the PIEZO1 gene. It results in lymphedema in multiple different types of tissue. In utero, it causes nonimmune hydrops fetalis that may result in s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pei-Yuan%20Wei
Pei-Yuan Wei () (d. 2023) was a Taiwanese-American businessman who created ViolaWWW, the first popular graphical web browser. Career Pei-Yuan Wei was born in Pingtung County, Taiwan. He graduated from Berkeley High School in 1986. He received his bachelor's degree from the University of California, Berkeley, and was ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/144%20%28number%29
144 (one hundred [and] forty-four) is the natural number following 143 and preceding 145. 144 is a dozen dozens, or one gross. In mathematics 144 is the square of 12. It is also the twelfth Fibonacci number, following 89 and preceding 233, and the only Fibonacci number (other than 0, and 1) to also be a square. 144 is...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20optimizer
A power optimizer is a DC to DC converter technology developed to maximize the energy harvest from solar photovoltaic or wind turbine systems. They do this by individually tuning the performance of the panel or wind turbine through maximum power point tracking, and optionally tuning the output to match the performance ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmonic%20nanoparticles
Plasmonic nanoparticles are particles whose electron density can couple with electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths that are far larger than the particle due to the nature of the dielectric-metal interface between the medium and the particles: unlike in a pure metal where there is a maximum limit on what size wavelen...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular%20microbiology
Cellular microbiology is a discipline that bridges microbiology and cell biology. The term "cellular microbiology" was coined by the authors of the book of the same title published in 1996. Cooperation and mutual dependency between microbiology and cell biology had been increasing in the years before that, and the eme...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatofocusing
Chromatofocusing is a protein-separation technique that allows resolution of single proteins and other ampholytes from a complex mixture according to differences in their isoelectric point. Chromatofocusing utilizes ion exchange resins and is typically performed on fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) or similar e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weasel%20program
The weasel program or Dawkins' weasel is a thought experiment and a variety of computer simulations illustrating it. Their aim is to demonstrate that the process that drives evolutionary systems—random variation combined with non-random cumulative selection—is different from pure chance. The thought experiment was fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthiessen%27s%20ratio
In optics, Matthiessen's ratio is the ratio between the distance from the centre of the lens to the retina, versus the lens radius. This is of particular importance in fish, where the value may decrease from as high as 3.6 to 2.3, decreasing the focal ratio of the lens. A higher focal ratio is thought to compensate fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamper-resistant%20security%20module
A tamper-resistant security module (TRSM) is a device that incorporates physical protections to prevent compromise of cryptographic security parameters that it contains. There are varying levels of protection afforded by TRSMs: Tamper-resistance: make intrusion difficult, usually by employing hardened casing Tamp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SETEDIT
SETEDIT is a computer software text editor that is an open source, multi-platform clone of the editor of Borland's Turbo* IDEs, with several improvements. According to the project page, it was started in 1996. It is not vi or emacs, but may be familiar to DOS users, as noted in reviews. It is the editor used by RHIDE. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TP-Link
TP-Link Technologies Co., Ltd. (), is a global manufacturer of computer networking products based in Shenzhen, China. History TP-Link was founded in 1996 by two brothers, Zhao Jianjun ( Zhào Jiànjūn) and Zhao Jiaxing ( Zhào Jiāxīng), to produce and market a network card they had developed. The company name was based ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMD%20LED
The light from white LED lamps and LED strip lights is usually provided by industry standard surface-mounted device LEDs (SMD LEDs). Non-SMD types of LED lighting also exist, such as COB (chip on board) and MCOB (multi-COB). Surface-mounted device LED modules are described by the dimensions of the LED package. A singl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20Petersburg%20Lyceum%20239
Presidential Physics and Mathematics Lyceum No. 239 (), is a public high school in Saint Petersburg, Russia that specializes in mathematics and physics. The school opened in 1918 and it became a specialized city school in 1961. The school is noted for its strong academic programs. It is the alma mater of numerous winne...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tromino
A tromino or triomino is a polyomino of size 3, that is, a polygon in the plane made of three equal-sized squares connected edge-to-edge. Symmetry and enumeration When rotations and reflections are not considered to be distinct shapes, there are only two different free trominoes: "I" and "L" (the "L" shape is also cal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesic%20convexity
In mathematics — specifically, in Riemannian geometry — geodesic convexity is a natural generalization of convexity for sets and functions to Riemannian manifolds. It is common to drop the prefix "geodesic" and refer simply to "convexity" of a set or function. Definitions Let (M, g) be a Riemannian manifold. A subs...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebLOAD
WebLOAD is load testing tool, performance testing, stress test web applications. This web and mobile load testing and analysis tool is from RadView Software. Load testing tool WebLOAD combines performance, scalability, and integrity as a single process for the verification of web and mobile applications. It can simulat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C5orf34
C5orf34 (chromosome 5 open reading frame 34) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C5orf34 gene (5p12). C5orf34 is conserved in mammals, birds and reptiles with the most distant ancestor being the Burmese python, Python bivittatus. The C5orf34 protein contains two mammalian conserved domains: DUF 4520 and DUF ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplexed%20Analogue%20Components
Multiplexed Analogue Components (MAC) was an analog television standard where luminance and chrominance components were transmitted separately. This was an evolution from older color TV systems (such as PAL or SECAM) where there was interference between chrominance and luminance. MAC was originally proposed in the 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Tao%20theorem
In number theory, the Green–Tao theorem, proved by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004, states that the sequence of prime numbers contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. In other words, for every natural number k, there exist arithmetic progressions of primes with k terms. The proof is an extension of Szemeré...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mod%20ssl
mod_ssl is an optional module for the Apache HTTP Server. It provides strong cryptography for the Apache v1.3 and v2 webserver via the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL v2/v3) and Transport Layer Security (TLS v1) cryptographic protocols by the help of the Open Source SSL/TLS toolkit OpenSSL. The original version created for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodococcus%20rhodochrous
Rhodococcus rhodochrous is a bacterium used as a soil inoculant in agriculture and horticulture. It is gram positive, in the shape of rods/cocci, oxidase negative, and catalase positive. It is industrially produced to catalyse acrylonitrile conversion to acrylamide. It is also used in the industrial production of nic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruction%20window
An instruction window in computer architecture refers to the set of instructions which can execute out-of-order in a speculative processor. In particular, in a conventional design, the instruction window consists of all instructions which are in the re-order buffer (ROB). In such a processor, any instruction within th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reliance%20Institute%20of%20Life%20Sciences
Reliance Institute of Life Sciences (RILS), established by Dhirubhai Ambani Foundation, is an institution of higher education in various fields of life sciences and related technologies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxoid
A toxoid is an inactivated toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been suppressed either by chemical (formalin) or heat treatment, while other properties, typically immunogenicity, are maintained. Toxins are secreted by bacteria, whereas toxoids are altered form of toxins; toxoids are not secreted by bacteria. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micropower
Micropower describes the use of very small electric generators and prime movers or devices to convert heat or motion to electricity, for use close to the generator. The generator is typically integrated with microelectronic devices and produces "several watts of power or less." These devices offer the promise of a pow...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeysuckle%20Divine
Honeysuckle Divine (born Betty Jane Allsup; January 21, 1938) is a retired American stripper, erotic performance artist, and sexual columnist. Her specialty was inserting and ejecting things from her vagina onstage; when she performed at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, she was described in the program as "vaginiste", a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solstar
Solstar Space Co., also known as Solstar, is an American company that provides commercial wireless internet services to space travelers and Internet of Things in space. It also provides a two-way internet link connecting people on earth to things in space. Based out of Santa Fe, New Mexico, the company was founded in M...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Costa%20Rican%20flags
This is a list of flags used in Costa Rica. For more information about the national flag, visit the article Flag of Costa Rica. National Flags Provinces Cantons Historical flags Flag Proposal Political flags Sources The Flags of Costa Rica. Flags of the World National symbols of Chile. Museums of Costa Rica ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gems%20of%20the%20Galaxy%20Zoos
Gems of the Galaxy Zoos (Zoogems) was a gap-filler project which used the Hubble Space Telescope to take images of unusual objects found by volunteers classifying data from both Galaxy Zoo (GZ) and Radio Galaxy Zoo (RGZ). Between the HSTs' main observations, there is a short time that objects within that field of view ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbar%20enlargement
The lumbar enlargement (or lumbosacral enlargement) is a widened area of the spinal cord that gives attachment to the nerves which supply the lower limbs. It commences about the level of T11 and ends at L2, and reaches its maximum circumference, of about 33 mm. Inferior to the lumbar enlargement is the conus medullari...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCBI%20Epigenomics
The Epigenomics database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information was a database for whole-genome epigenetics data sets. It was retired on 1 June 2016. The Epigenomics database The Epigenomics database of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) wa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Encryption%20Scheme
Integrated Encryption Scheme (IES) is a hybrid encryption scheme which provides semantic security against an adversary who is able to use chosen-plaintext or chosen-ciphertext attacks. The security of the scheme is based on the computational Diffie–Hellman problem. Two variants of IES are specified: Discrete Logarithm ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid%20strep%20test
The rapid strep test (RST) is a rapid antigen detection test (RADT) that is widely used in clinics to assist in the diagnosis of bacterial pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci (GAS), sometimes termed strep throat. There are currently several types of rapid strep test in use, each employing a distinct technology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostest
Rostest () is the largest organization of practical metrology and certification in the Russian Federation. Rostest attempts to ensure uniformity of measurements in industry, health care, communication systems, trading, military defense, and resource counting as well as environmental protection and other economic activi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redirection%20%28computing%29
In computing, redirection is a form of interprocess communication, and is a function common to most command-line interpreters, including the various Unix shells that can redirect standard streams to user-specified locations. In Unix-like operating systems, programs do redirection with the system call, or its less-fle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20yeast%20rice
Red yeast rice (), red rice koji (べにこうじ, lit. 'red koji'), red fermented rice, red kojic rice, red koji rice, anka, or angkak, is a bright reddish purple fermented rice, which acquires its color from being cultivated with the mold Monascus purpureus. Red yeast rice is what is referred to as a "koji" in Japanese, meanin...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephritis
Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most often include fever and flank tenderness. Other symptoms may include nausea, burning with urination, and frequent urination. Complications may include pus around the kidney, sepsis, or kidney failure. It is typically d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta%20function%20universality
In mathematics, the universality of zeta functions is the remarkable ability of the Riemann zeta function and other similar functions (such as the Dirichlet L-functions) to approximate arbitrary non-vanishing holomorphic functions arbitrarily well. The universality of the Riemann zeta function was first proven by in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Quinze%20%28ship%20model%29
Louis Quinze is a 1/36 scale model of a ship of the line of the French Navy, currently on display at the Musée national de la Marine. No actual ship of the French Navy bore the name or was built to these specifications. History Louis Quinze depicts a 110-gun ship of the line, the strongest type built in France in the...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix%20normal%20distribution
In statistics, the matrix normal distribution or matrix Gaussian distribution is a probability distribution that is a generalization of the multivariate normal distribution to matrix-valued random variables. Definition The probability density function for the random matrix X (n × p) that follows the matrix normal di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20hypertension
The modern history of hypertension begins with the understanding of the cardiovascular system based on the work of physician William Harvey (1578–1657), who described the circulation of blood in his book De motu cordis. The English clergyman Stephen Hales made the first published measurement of blood pressure in 1733....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officinalis
Officinalis, or officinale, is a Medieval Latin epithet denoting organisms—mainly plants—with uses in medicine, herbalism and cookery. It commonly occurs as a specific epithet, the second term of a two-part botanical name. Officinalis is used to modify masculine and feminine nouns, while officinale is used for neuter n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertical%20and%20horizontal%20bundles
In mathematics, the vertical bundle and the horizontal bundle are vector bundles associated to a smooth fiber bundle. More precisely, given a smooth fiber bundle , the vertical bundle and horizontal bundle are subbundles of the tangent bundle of whose Whitney sum satisfies . This means that, over each point , the f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feigenbaum%20constants
In mathematics, specifically bifurcation theory, the Feigenbaum constants are two mathematical constants which both express ratios in a bifurcation diagram for a non-linear map. They are named after the physicist Mitchell J. Feigenbaum. History Feigenbaum originally related the first constant to the period-doubling b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lochlainn%20O%27Raifeartaigh
Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh (; 11 March 1933 – 18 November 2000) was an Irish physicist in the field of theoretical particle physics. He is best known for the O'Raifeartaigh Theorem, a result in unification theory, and the O'Raifeartaigh Model of supersymmetry breaking. O'Raifeartaigh was born in Clontarf, Dublin in 1933...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden-variable%20theory
In physics, a hidden-variable theory is a deterministic physical model which seeks to explain the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics by introducing additional (possibly inaccessible) variables. Indeterminacy of the state of a system previous to measurement is assumed to be a part of the mathematical formulatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast-ion%20conductor
In materials science, fast ion conductors are solid conductors with highly mobile ions. These materials are important in the area of solid state ionics, and are also known as solid electrolytes and superionic conductors. These materials are useful in batteries and various sensors. Fast ion conductors are used primarily...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-card
E-card is an electronic postcard or greeting card, with the primary difference being that it is created using digital media instead of paper or other traditional materials. E-cards are made available in many different ways, usually on various Internet sites. They can be sent to a recipient virtually, usually via e-mail...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Alan%20Robinson
John Alan Robinson (9 March 1930 – 5 August 2016) was a philosopher, mathematician, and computer scientist. He was a professor emeritus at Syracuse University. Alan Robinson's major contribution is to the foundations of automated theorem proving. His unification algorithm eliminated one source of combinatorial explosi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suillus%20spraguei
Suillus spraguei is a species of fungus in the family Suillaceae. It is known by a variety of common names, including the painted slipperycap, the painted suillus or the red and yellow suillus. Suillus spraguei has had a complex taxonomical history, and is also frequently referred to as Suillus pictus in the literature...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Data%20Representation
Network Data Representation (NDR) is an implementation of the presentation layer in the OSI model. It is used for DCE/RPC and Microsoft RPC (MSRPC). See also DCE/RPC Microsoft RPC External links NDR Specification Internet Standards Internet protocols Presentation layer protocols
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njalla
Njalla is an anonymous domain name registrar, hosting provider and VPN provider, established by The Pirate Bay founder Peter Sunde. History Peter Sunde started the company in 2017 as a middle man between domain registration and registrants in order to provide anonymity. In 2020, RIAA and MPA flagged Njalla as well a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qilinyu
Qilinyu is an extinct genus of "maxillate" placoderm from the late Silurian (late Ludfordian stage, ~423 Ma) of China. It contains a single species, Qilinyu rostrata, from the Xiaoxiang fauna of the Kuanti Formation. Along with its contemporary Entelognathus, Qilinyu is an unusual placoderm showing some traits more sim...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SUI1
In molecular biology, the single-domain protein SUI1 is a translation initiation factor often found in the fungus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Baker's yeast) but it is also found in other eukaryotes and prokaryotes as well as archaea. It is otherwise known as Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 1 (eIF1) in eukaryote...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission%20loss%20%28duct%20acoustics%29
Transmission loss (TL) in duct acoustics describes the acoustic performances of a muffler-like system. It is frequently used in the industry areas such as muffler manufacturers and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness) department of automobile manufacturers, and in academic studies. Generally the higher transmission los...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torula
Torula (Cyberlindnera jadinii) is a species of yeast. Use Torula, in its inactive form (usually labeled as torula yeast), is widely used as a flavoring in processed foods and pet foods. It is often grown on wood liquor, a byproduct of paper production, which is rich in wood sugars (xylose). It is pasteurized and spra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20weapon
A chemical weapon (CW) is a specialized munition that uses chemicals formulated to inflict death or harm on humans. According to the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), this can be any chemical compound intended as a weapon "or its precursor that can cause death, injury, temporary incapacitatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolab
Biolab (Biological Experiment Laboratory) is a single-rack multi-user science payload designed for use in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station. Biolab support biological research on small plants, small invertebrates, microorganisms, animal cells, and tissue cultures. It includes an incubator equip...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Runge%E2%80%93Kutta%20methods
Runge–Kutta methods are methods for the numerical solution of the ordinary differential equation Explicit Runge–Kutta methods take the form Stages for implicit methods of s stages take the more general form, with the solution to be found over all s Each method listed on this page is defined by its Butcher tableau, w...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes%20simplex%20research
Herpes simplex research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure herpes, as well as fundamental research about the nature of herpes. Examples of particular herpes research include drug development, vaccines and genome editing. HSV-1 and HSV-2 are commonly thought of as oral and genital her...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-learning%20%28computer%20science%29
Meta learning is a subfield of machine learning where automatic learning algorithms are applied to metadata about machine learning experiments. As of 2017, the term had not found a standard interpretation, however the main goal is to use such metadata to understand how automatic learning can become flexible in solving ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker%27s%20lemma
In mathematics, Tucker's lemma is a combinatorial analog of the Borsuk–Ulam theorem, named after Albert W. Tucker. Let T be a triangulation of the closed n-dimensional ball . Assume T is antipodally symmetric on the boundary sphere . That means that the subset of simplices of T which are in provides a triangulation o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthon%20%28company%29
Synthon is a Dutch multinational that produces generic human drugs. The company was founded in 1991 by Jacques Lemmens and Huub Sanders, two organic chemists of the Radboud University Nijmegen. Synthon is active in the Netherlands, the Czech Republic, Spain, the United States, Argentina, Chile, Russia, Mexico and Sou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein%20digestibility
Protein digestibility refers to how well a given protein is digested. Along with the amino acid score, protein digestibility determines the values for PDCAAS and DIAAS. See also Biological value
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Vegetarian%20Union
The European Vegetarian Union (EVU) is a non-profit, non-governmental umbrella organisation for vegan and vegetarian societies and groups in Europe. The union works in the areas of vegetarianism, nutrition, health, consumer protection, climate and environment, and food labelling. History The EVU distributed the 1995...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray%20crystal%20truncation%20rod
X-ray crystal truncation rod scattering is a powerful method in surface science, based on analysis of surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) patterns from a crystalline surface. For an infinite crystal, the diffracted pattern is concentrated in Dirac delta function like Bragg peaks. Presence of crystalline surfaces results ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics%20of%20the%20Incas
The mathematics of the Incas (or of the Tawantinsuyu) was the set of numerical and geometric knowledge and instruments developed and used in the nation of the Incas before the arrival of the Spaniards. It can be mainly characterized by its usefulness in the economic field. The quipus and yupanas are proof of the import...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunflower%20trypsin%20inhibitor
Sunflower trypsin inhibitor (SFTI) is a small, circular peptide produced in sunflower seeds, and is a potent inhibitor of trypsin. It is the smallest known member of the Bowman-Birk family of serine protease inhibitors. One example of Sunflower trypsin inhibitor is Sunflower trypsin inhibitor-1 (SFTI-1). Sunflower try...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexose%20phosphate%20uptake
The Uptake of Hexose Phosphates (Uhp) is a protein system found in bacteria. It is a type of two-component sensory transduction pathway which helps bacteria react to their environment. Protein components The uhp system is composed of UhpA, UhpB, UhpC, and UhpT. UhpB and UhpC are both transmembrane proteins which form...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circle%20of%20confusion
In optics, a circle of confusion (CoC) is an optical spot caused by a cone of light rays from a lens not coming to a perfect focus when imaging a point source. It is also known as disk of confusion, circle of indistinctness, blur circle, or blur spot. In photography, the circle of confusion is used to determine the de...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimetrodon
Dimetrodon ( or ; ) is a genus of non-mammalian synapsid that lived during the Cisuralian age of the Early Permian period, around 295–272 million years ago. It is a member of the family Sphenacodontidae. With most species measuring long and weighing , the most prominent feature of Dimetrodon is the large neural spine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degree%20of%20anonymity
In anonymity networks (e.g., Tor, Crowds, Mixmaster, I2P, etc.), it is important to be able to measure quantitatively the guarantee that is given to the system. The degree of anonymity is a device that was proposed at the 2002 Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) conference. Two papers put forth the idea of using entrop...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-matrix
In mathematics, a -matrix is a complex square matrix with every principal minor is positive. A closely related class is that of -matrices, which are the closure of the class of -matrices, with every principal minor 0. Spectra of -matrices By a theorem of Kellogg, the eigenvalues of - and - matrices are bounded away...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20graph%20theory
This is a glossary of graph theory. Graph theory is the study of graphs, systems of nodes or vertices connected in pairs by lines or edges. Symbols A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P Q R S T U V W See also List of graph theory topics Gallery of named graphs Graph algorithms Glossary of areas of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphocyte
Metaphocytes are myeloid-like cells considered among tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs) and are present in the skin, gill, and intestine of the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Originating from the ectoderm during development, metaphocytes share many similarities, in terms of cellular morphology and gene expression profile wit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syntomic%20topology
In algebraic geometry, the syntomic topology is a Grothendieck topology introduced by . Mazur defined a morphism to be syntomic if it is flat and locally a complete intersection. The syntomic topology is generated by surjective syntomic morphisms of affine schemes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-bit%20computing
16-bit microcomputers are microcomputers that use 16-bit microprocessors. A 16-bit register can store 216 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 16 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 65,535 (216 − 1) for represe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board%20of%20Longitude
The Commissioners for the Discovery of the Longitude at Sea, or more popularly Board of Longitude, was a British government body formed in 1714 to administer a scheme of prizes intended to encourage innovators to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea. Origins Navigators and scientists had been working on the p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loan-to-value%20ratio
The loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is a financial term used by lenders to express the ratio of a loan to the value of an asset purchased. In Real estate, the term is commonly used by banks and building societies to represent the ratio of the first mortgage line as a percentage of the total appraised value of real property...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postgenomic%20era
In genomics, the postgenomic era (or post-genomic era) refers to the time period from after the completion of the Human Genome Project to the present day. The name refers to the fact that the genetic epistemology of contemporary science has progressed beyond the gene-centered view of the earlier genomic era. It is defi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta%20constant
In mathematics, a theta constant or Thetanullwert' (German for theta zero value; plural Thetanullwerte) is the restriction θm(τ) = θm(τ,0) of a theta function θm(τ,z) with rational characteristic m to z = 0. The variable τ may be a complex number in the upper half-plane in which case the theta constants are modular fo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindstr%C3%B6m%20quantifier
In mathematical logic, a Lindström quantifier is a generalized polyadic quantifier. Lindström quantifiers generalize first-order quantifiers, such as the existential quantifier, the universal quantifier, and the counting quantifiers. They were introduced by Per Lindström in 1966. They were later studied for their appli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heme%20C
Heme C (or haem C) is an important kind of heme. History The correct structure of heme C was published, in mid 20th century, by the Swedish biochemist K.-G. Paul. This work confirmed the structure first inferred by the great Swedish biochemist Hugo Theorell. The structure of heme C, based upon NMR and IR experiments ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20sphere
In mathematics, a unit sphere is simply a sphere of radius one around a given center. More generally, it is the set of points of distance 1 from a fixed central point, where different norms can be used as general notions of "distance". A unit ball is the closed set of points of distance less than or equal to 1 from a f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostowski%20model
In mathematical set theory, the Mostowski model is a model of set theory with atoms where the full axiom of choice fails, but every set can be linearly ordered. It was introduced by . The Mostowski model can be constructed as the permutation model corresponding to the group of all automorphisms of the ordered set of ra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Superconductor
American Superconductor (AMSC) is an American energy technologies company headquartered in Ayer, Massachusetts. The firm specializes in using superconductors for the development of diverse power systems, including but not limited to superconducting wire. Moreover, AMSC employs superconductors in the construction of shi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Somali%20flags
This is a list of flags of entities named related to Somalia. National flags Regional flags State flags Regions Other Military flags Police flags Political flags Historical flags The following are the flags historically used in the territory of present-day Somalia: Pre-colonial states Italian Somaliland Bri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percent%20sign
The percent sign (sometimes per cent sign in British English) is the symbol used to indicate a percentage, a number or ratio as a fraction of 100. Related signs include the permille (per thousand) sign and the permyriad (per ten thousand) sign (also known as a basis point), which indicate that a number is divided by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base-richness
In ecology, base-richness is the level of chemical bases in water or soil, such as calcium or magnesium ions. Many organisms prefer base-rich environments. Chemical bases are alkalis, hence base-rich environments are either neutral or alkaline. Because acid-rich environments have few bases, they are dominated by envi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical%20valence%20bond
In theoretical chemistry, the Empirical Valence Bond (EVB) approach is an approximation for calculating free-energies of a chemical reaction in condensed-phase. It was first developed by Israeli chemist Arieh Warshel, and was inspired by the way Marcus theory uses potential surfaces to calculate the probability of elec...