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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20shell | In geometry, a spherical shell is a generalization of an annulus to three dimensions. It is the region of a ball between two concentric spheres of differing radii.
Volume
The volume of a spherical shell is the difference between the enclosed volume of the outer sphere and the enclosed volume of the inner sphere:
whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subbase | In topology, a subbase (or subbasis, prebase, prebasis) for a topological space with topology is a subcollection of that generates in the sense that is the smallest topology containing as open sets. A slightly different definition is used by some authors, and there are other useful equivalent formulations of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATRAC%20CD | An ATRAC CD is an optical disc containing compressed digital audio in the ATRAC3 or ATRAC3plus formats, which are part of Sony's ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding) family of proprietary audio compression algorithms.
Description
ATRAC CD was used with SonicStage Simple Burner software (Ver.1.0 / 1.1) in Februa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownout%20%28software%20engineering%29 | Brownout in software engineering is a technique that involves disabling certain features of an application.
Description
Brownout is used to increase the robustness of an application to computing capacity shortage. If too many users are simultaneously accessing an application hosted online, the underlying computing in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coarea%20formula | In the mathematical field of geometric measure theory, the coarea formula expresses the integral of a function over an open set in Euclidean space in terms of integrals over the level sets of another function. A special case is Fubini's theorem, which says under suitable hypotheses that the integral of a function over... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethoxyquin | Ethoxyquin (EMQ) is a quinoline-based antioxidant used as a food preservative in certain countries and originally to control scald on pears after harvest (under commercial names such as "Stop-Scald"). It is used as a preservative in some pet foods to slow the development of rancidity of fats. Ethoxyquin is also used i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xilinx%20ISE | Xilinx ISE (Integrated Synthesis Environment) is a discontinued software tool from Xilinx for synthesis and analysis of HDL designs, which primarily targets development of embedded firmware for Xilinx FPGA and CPLD integrated circuit (IC) product families. It was succeeded by Xilinx Vivado. Use of the last released edi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrachlorodecaoxide | "Tetrachlorodecaoxide" (TCDO) is a chlorite-containing substance with claimed immunomodulatory, macrophage-activating properties. WF10 (Macrokine, Immunokine, Oxoferin) is an aqueous solution of tetrachlorodecaoxide designed for intravenous injection. Tetrachlorodecaoxide/WF10 were originally developed by Oxo Chemie. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legacy%20port | In computing, a legacy port is a computer port or connector that is considered by some to be fully or partially superseded. The replacement ports usually provide most of the functionality of the legacy ports with higher speeds, more compact design, or plug and play and hot swap capabilities for greater ease of use. Mod... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic%20Drum%20Digital%20Differential%20Analyzer | The MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) was a special-purpose digital computer used for solving systems of ordinary differential equations. It was the first computer to represent bits using voltage levels and whose entire logic was specified in Boolean algebra.
Invented by Floyd Steele, MADDIDA was ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakayama%27s%20conjecture | In mathematics, Nakayama's conjecture is a conjecture about Artinian rings, introduced by . The generalized Nakayama conjecture is an extension to more general rings, introduced by . proved some cases of the generalized Nakayama conjecture.
Nakayama's conjecture states that if all the modules of a minimal injective r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Ahrens | Wilhelm Ahrens (3 March 1872 – 23 May 1927) was a German mathematician and writer on recreational mathematics.
Biography
Ahrens was born in Lübz at the Elde in Mecklenburg and studied from 1890 to 1897 at the University of Rostock, Humboldt University of Berlin, and the University of Freiburg. In 1895 at the Univers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrence%20relation | In mathematics, a recurrence relation is an equation according to which the th term of a sequence of numbers is equal to some combination of the previous terms. Often, only previous terms of the sequence appear in the equation, for a parameter that is independent of ; this number is called the order of the relation.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20sapote | The white sapote, scientific name Casimiroa edulis, also called casimiroa and Mexican apple, and known as cochitzapotl in the Nahuatl language (meaning "sleep-sapote") is a species of tropical fruiting tree in the family Rutaceae, native to eastern Mexico and Central America south to Costa Rica. The genus is named for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitley%20Professor%20of%20Biochemistry | The position of Whitley Professor of Biochemistry at the University of Oxford is one of the permanent chairs of the university, and the first in the field of biochemistry at the university. It is associated with a fellowship at Trinity College, Oxford, and was established with an endowment of £10,000 by Edward Whitley ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinball%20FX%203 | Pinball FX 3 is a pinball simulator video game developed and published by Zen Studios and is the sequel to Pinball FX 2. It was released for Microsoft Windows, Xbox One, PlayStation 4 in September 2017 and then released for the Nintendo Switch in December 2017. A followup called Pinball FX was released in February 16,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalaenopsis%20%C3%97%20leucorrhoda | Phalaenopsis × leucorrhoda is a species of orchid native to the Philippines. It is a natural hybrid of Phalaenopsis aphrodite and Phalaenopsis schilleriana.
Etymology
The specific epithet leucorrhoda, composed of leuco meaning white and rhodo meaning rose-coloured, is derived from the floral colouration.
Taxonomy
It ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptadecagon | In geometry, a heptadecagon, septadecagon or 17-gon is a seventeen-sided polygon.
Regular heptadecagon
A regular heptadecagon is represented by the Schläfli symbol {17}.
Construction
As 17 is a Fermat prime, the regular heptadecagon is a constructible polygon (that is, one that can be constructed using a compass an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Through%20Zero%20%28The%20Ten%20Numbers%29 | One Through Zero (The Ten Numbers) is a monumental series of sculptures by the American artist Robert Indiana. The work depicts the numerical digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 and 0. The work was created between 1980 and 2001. The numbers are made from polychrome aluminium with each measuring 72 x 72 x 36 in. (182.9... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollen-presenter | A pollen-presenter is an area on the tip of the style in flowers of plants of the family Proteaceae on which the anthers release their pollen prior to anthesis. To ensure pollination, the style grows during anthesis, sticking out the pollen-presenter prominently, and so ensuring that the pollen easily contacts the bodi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAFA | MAFA (Mast cell function-associated antigen) is a type II membrane glycoprotein, first identified on the surface of rat mucosal-type mast cells of the RBL-2H3 line. More recently, human and mouse homologues of MAFA have been discovered yet also (or only) expressed by NK and T-cells. MAFA is closely linked with the type... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremal%20optimization | Extremal optimization (EO) is an optimization heuristic inspired by the Bak–Sneppen model of self-organized criticality from the field of statistical physics. This heuristic was designed initially to address combinatorial optimization problems such as the travelling salesman problem and spin glasses, although the techn... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote%20diagnostics | Remote diagnostics is the act of diagnosing a given symptom, issue or problem from a distance. Instead of the subject being co-located with the person or system done diagnostics, with remote diagnostics the subjects can be separated by physical distance (e.g., Earth-Moon). Important information is exchanged either thro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-ended%20triode | A single-ended triode (SET) is a vacuum tube electronic amplifier that uses a single triode to produce an output, in contrast to a push-pull amplifier which uses a pair of devices with antiphase inputs to generate an output with the wanted signals added and the distortion components subtracted. Single-ended amplifiers ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Requirements%20analysis | In systems engineering and software engineering, requirements analysis focuses on the tasks that determine the needs or conditions to meet the new or altered product or project, taking account of the possibly conflicting requirements of the various stakeholders, analyzing, documenting, validating and managing software ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20echo%20small%20angle%20neutron%20scattering | Spin echo small angle neutron scattering (SESANS) measures structures from around 20 to 2000 nm in size. The information is presented as a real-space (similar to g(r)) as opposed to a reciprocal space (q(r)) mapping. This can simplify the interpretation for some systems.
SESANS is useful for studying processes that oc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripod%20stance | A tripod stance is a behaviour in which quadruped animals rear up on their hind legs and use their tail to support this position. Several animals use this behaviour to improve observation or surveillance, and during feeding, grooming, thermoregulation, or fighting.
In mammals
The common dwarf mongoose (Helogale parvul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-615%20microRNA%20precursor%20family | mir-615 microRNA is a short non-coding RNA molecule belonging both to the family of microRNAs and to that of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms, whilst siRNAs are involved primarily with the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. siRNAs h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antigenic%20drift | Antigenic drift is a kind of genetic variation in viruses, arising from the accumulation of mutations in the virus genes that code for virus-surface proteins that host antibodies recognize. This results in a new strain of virus particles that is not effectively inhibited by the antibodies that prevented infection by pr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween%20genes | The halloween genes are a set of genes identified in Drosophila melanogaster that influence embryonic development. All of the genes code for cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ecdysteroidogenic pathway (biosynthesis of ecdysone from cholesterol). Ecdysteroids such as 20-hydroxyecdysone and ecdysone influence many of the mo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Hairer | Sir Martin Hairer (born 14 November 1975) is an Austrian-British mathematician working in the field of stochastic analysis, in particular stochastic partial differential equations. He is Professor of Mathematics at EPFL (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) and at Imperial College London. He previously held appoi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnes%20Pockels | Agnes Luise Wilhelmine Pockels (14 February 1862 – 21 November 1935) was a German chemist whose research was fundamental in establishing the modern discipline known as surface science, which describes the properties of liquid and solid surfaces and interfaces.
Pockels became interested in fundamental research in surfa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worms%3F | Worms? is a software toy written by David Maynard for the Atari 8-bit family and ported to the Commodore 64. Published by Electronic Arts in 1983, it was one of initial batch of releases from the company. Worms? is an interactive version of Paterson's Worms.
Maynard later worked on the 8-bit word processor from Electr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertechnetate | The pertechnetate ion () is an oxyanion with the chemical formula . It is often used as a convenient water-soluble source of isotopes of the radioactive element technetium (Tc). In particular it is used to carry the 99mTc isotope (half-life 6 hours) which is commonly used in nuclear medicine in several nuclear scanning... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20set | In mathematics, an IP set is a set of natural numbers which contains all finite sums of some infinite set.
The finite sums of a set D of natural numbers are all those numbers that can be obtained by adding up the elements of some finite nonempty subset of D.
The set of all finite sums over D is often denoted as FS(D).... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscheius%20tipulae | Oscheius tipulae is a species of nematodes, described in association of the leatherjacket, the larva of Tipula paludosa.
O. tipulae is a satellite developmental genetic model organism used to study vulva formation. It is an androdioecious species characterized by the coexistence of males and hermaphrodites. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coumarin | Coumarin () or 2H-chromen-2-one is an aromatic organic chemical compound with formula . Its molecule can be described as a benzene molecule with two adjacent hydrogen atoms replaced by an unsaturated lactone ring , forming a second six-membered heterocycle that shares two carbons with the benzene ring. It belongs to t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impromptu%20%28programming%20environment%29 | Impromptu is a Mac OS X programming environment for live coding. Impromptu is built around the Scheme language, which is a member of the Lisp family of languages. The source code of its core has been opened as the Extempore project.
Description
The environment allows to make changes to a program at runtime, so varia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveVOS | ActiveVOS is a business process management suite. Business processes are designed using the graphical BPMN 2.0 notation. The process engine implements the WS-BPEL 2.0 standard as well as BPEL4People for processes that require people to perform tasks from a task list. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-well%20potential | The so-called double-well potential is one of a number of quartic potentials of considerable interest in quantum mechanics, in quantum field theory and elsewhere for the exploration of various physical phenomena or mathematical properties since it permits in many cases explicit calculation without over-simplification.
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garou%3A%20Mark%20of%20the%20Wolves | is a 1999 fighting game produced by SNK, originally for the Neo Geo system and then as Fatal Fury: Mark of the Wolves for the Dreamcast. It is the eighth (or ninth if one counts Fatal Fury: Wild Ambition) installment of the Fatal Fury series.
Gameplay
The two-plane system in which characters would fight from two dif... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal%20calcium%20sensor | Neuronal Calcium Sensor is a large family of proteins which work as calcium dependent molecular switches and includes members like Frequenin (NCS1), recoverin, GCAP, neurocalcin, visinin etc. All the members carry 4 EF hand motifs (out of which only 2 or 3 bind calcium) and an N-myristoyl group.
Members of NCS family
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorion | The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles (amniotes). It develops from an outer fold on the surface of the yolk sac, which lies outside the zona pellucida (in mammals), known as the vitelline membrane in other animals. In insects it is developed by the follicle cells ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaplan%E2%80%93Yorke%20conjecture | In applied mathematics, the Kaplan–Yorke conjecture concerns the dimension of an attractor, using Lyapunov exponents. By arranging the Lyapunov exponents in order from largest to smallest , let j be the largest index for which
and
Then the conjecture is that the dimension of the attractor is
This idea is used for th... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raphael%20Douady | Raphael Douady (born 15 November 1959) is a French mathematician and economist. He holds the Robert Frey Endowed Chair for Quantitative Finance at Stony Brook, New York. He is a fellow of the Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne (Economic Centre of Sorbonne), Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne University, and academic director of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RFQ%20beam%20cooler | A radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler is a device for particle beam cooling, especially suited for ion beams. It lowers the temperature of a particle beam by reducing its energy dispersion and emittance, effectively increasing its brightness (brilliance). The prevalent mechanism for cooling in this case is buf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate%E2%80%93Shafarevich%20group | In arithmetic geometry, the Tate–Shafarevich group of an abelian variety (or more generally a group scheme) defined over a number field consists of the elements of the Weil–Châtelet group , where is the absolute Galois group of , that become trivial in all of the completions of (i.e., the real and complex comple... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20topology | In mathematics, and especially general topology, the Euclidean topology is the natural topology induced on -dimensional Euclidean space by the Euclidean metric.
Definition
The Euclidean norm on is the non-negative function defined by
Like all norms, it induces a canonical metric defined by The metric induced by... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum%20transfer | In particle physics, wave mechanics, and optics, momentum transfer is the amount of momentum that one particle gives to another particle. It is also called the scattering vector as it describes the transfer of wavevector in wave mechanics.
In the simplest example of scattering of two colliding particles with initial m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Matheus | Carlos Matheus Silva Santos (born May 1, 1984 in Aracaju) is a Brazilian mathematician working in dynamical systems, analysis and geometry. He currently works at the CNRS, in Paris.
He earned his Ph.D. from the Instituto de Matemática Pura e Aplicada (IMPA) in 2004 under the supervision of Marcelo Viana, at the age of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery%20structure%20set | In mathematics, the surgery structure set is the basic object in the study of manifolds which are homotopy equivalent to a closed manifold X. It is a concept which helps to answer the question whether two homotopy equivalent manifolds are diffeomorphic (or PL-homeomorphic or homeomorphic). There are different versions... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20F.%20D.%20Duff | George Francis Denton Duff (July 29, 1926 – March 2, 2001) was a Canadian mathematician who did research in partial differential equations and wave phenomena. He took an interest in harnessing the extraordinarily large tides in the Bay of Fundy for generating electricity.
While studying at the University of Toronto,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexx | Rexx (Restructured Extended Executor) is a programming language that can be interpreted or compiled. It was developed at IBM by Mike Cowlishaw. It is a structured, high-level programming language designed for ease of learning and reading. Proprietary and open source Rexx interpreters exist for a wide range of computin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEC%2062264 | IEC 62264 is an international standard for enterprise control system integration. This standard is based upon ANSI/ISA-95.
Current parts of IEC 62264
IEC 62264 consists of the following parts detailed in separate IEC 62264 standard documents:
Part 1:2013 Object Models and Attributes of Manufacturing Operations (Seco... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20measuring%20current%20meter | A vector measuring current meter (VMCM) is an instrument used for obtaining measurements of horizontal velocity in the upper ocean, which exploits two orthogonal cosine response propeller sensors that directly measure the components of horizontal velocity.
VMCM was developed in the late 1970s by Drs. Robert Weller and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical%20reactance | In electrical circuits, reactance is the opposition presented to alternating current by inductance and capacitance. Along with resistance, it is one of two elements of impedance; however, while both elements involve transfer of electrical energy, no dissipation of electrical energy as heat occurs in reactance; instead,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average%20human%20height%20by%20country | Below are two tables which report the average adult human height by country or geographical region. With regard to the first table, original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered. With regard to the second table, these estimated fi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Vector%20Extensions | Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) are extensions to the x86 instruction set architecture for microprocessors from Intel and Advanced Micro Devices (AMD). They were proposed by Intel in March 2008 and first supported by Intel with the Sandy Bridge processor shipping in Q1 2011 and later by AMD with the Bulldozer process... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axial%20ratio | Axial ratio, for any structure or shape with two or more axes, is the ratio of the length (or magnitude) of those axes to each other - the longer axis divided by the shorter.
In chemistry or materials science, the axial ratio (symbol P) is used to describe rigid rod-like molecules. It is defined as the length of the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20hardware%20and%20software%20that%20supports%20FLAC | This is a list of computer hardware and software which supports FLAC (Free Lossless Audio Codec), a file format designed for lossless compression of digital audio.
Hardware support
Car devices
Alpine CDE-163BT
Alpine UTE-62BT
Citroën DS5
Hyundai Ioniq
Hyundai Kona
Kenwood KMM-100U
Peugeot 208 Blue Lion
Pion... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2019092-2 | ISO 19092 Financial Services - Biometrics - Part 2: Message syntax and cryptographic requirements is an ISO standard that describes the techniques, protocols, cryptographic requirements, and syntax for using biometrics as an identification and verification mechanism in a wide variety of security applications in the fin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20%28set%20theory%29 | In the mathematical field of set theory, an ideal is a partially ordered collection of sets that are considered to be "small" or "negligible". Every subset of an element of the ideal must also be in the ideal (this codifies the idea that an ideal is a notion of smallness), and the union of any two elements of the ideal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20load%20%28physics%29 | Limit load is the maximum load that a structure can safely carry. It's the load at which the structure is in a state of incipient plastic collapse. As the load on the structure increases, the displacements increases linearly in the elastic range until the load attains the yield value. Beyond this, the load-displacement... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit%20satisfiability%20problem | In theoretical computer science, the circuit satisfiability problem (also known as CIRCUIT-SAT, CircuitSAT, CSAT, etc.) is the decision problem of determining whether a given Boolean circuit has an assignment of its inputs that makes the output true. In other words, it asks whether the inputs to a given Boolean circuit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenia | Lenia is a family of cellular automata created by Bert Wang-Chak Chan. It is intended to be a continuous generalization of Conway's Game of Life, with continuous states, space and time. As a consequence of its continuous, high-resolution domain, the complex autonomous patterns ("lifeforms" or "spaceships") generated in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20transform%20modulus%20maxima%20method | The wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM) is a method for detecting the fractal dimension of a signal.
More than this, the WTMM is capable of partitioning the time and scale domain of a signal into fractal dimension regions, and the method is sometimes referred to as a "mathematical microscope" due to its ability to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peridinin-chlorophyll-protein%20complex | The peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex (PCP or PerCP) is a soluble molecular complex consisting of the peridinin-chlorophyll a-protein bound to peridinin, chlorophyll, and lipids. The peridinin molecules absorb light in the blue-green wavelengths (470 to 550 nm) and transfer energy to the chlorophyll molecules with ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleofauna%20of%20the%20Eocene%20Okanagan%20Highlands | The paleofauna of the Eocene Okanagan Highlands is comprised of Early Eocene arthropods, vertebrates, plus rare nematodes and molluscs found in geological formations of the northwestern North American Eocene Okanagan Highlands. The highlands lake bed series' as a whole are considered one of the great Canadian Lagerstä... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nextbio | NextBio is a privately owned software company that provides a platform for drug companies and life science researchers to search, discover, and share knowledge across public and proprietary data. It was co-founded by Saeid Akhtari, Ilya Kupershmidt, and Mostafa Ronaghi in 2004, and based in Cupertino, California, Unite... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HackBB | HackBB was a Tor hidden service Internet forum specializing in buying stolen credit cards, skimming ATMs, and hacking computers, servers and accounts. The site was often a destination for hacked and stolen data dumps. At some point the site was hosted by Tor hosting company Freedom Hosting.
The site was founded by 'Op... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCKIPSD | NCK-interacting protein with SH3 domain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NCKIPSD gene.
The protein encoded by this gene is localized exclusively in the cell nucleus. It plays a role in signal transduction, and may function in the maintenance of sarcomeres and in the assembly of myofibrils into sarcomeres.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Principles%20on%20the%20Application%20of%20Human%20Rights%20to%20Communications%20Surveillance | The International Principles on the Application of Human Rights to Communications Surveillance (also called the "Necessary and Proportionate Principles" or just "the Principles") is a document which attempts to "clarify how international human rights law applies in the current digital environment".
Communications surve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin%20of%20the%20Atomic%20Scientists | The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is a nonprofit organization concerning science and global security issues resulting from accelerating technological advances that have negative consequences for humanity. The Bulletin publishes content at both a free-access website and a bi-monthly, nontechnical academic journal. T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean%20distance | In mathematics, the Euclidean distance between two points in Euclidean space is the length of a line segment between the two points.
It can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of the points using the Pythagorean theorem, therefore occasionally being called the Pythagorean distance. These names come from the an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl%20maltol | Ethyl maltol is an organic compound that is a common flavourant in some confectioneries. It is related to the more common flavorant maltol by replacement of the methyl group by an ethyl group. It is a white solid with a sweet smell that can be described as caramelized sugar or as caramelized fruit.
The conjugate base... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-test | An F-test is any statistical test in which the test statistic has an F-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most often used when comparing statistical models that have been fitted to a data set, in order to identify the model that best fits the population from which the data were sampled. Exact "F-tests" mainl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buyer%20decision%20process | As part of consumer behavior, the buying decision process is the decision-making process used by consumers regarding the market transactions before, during, and after the purchase of a good or service. It can be seen as a particular form of a cost–benefit analysis in the presence of multiple alternatives.
Common examp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%20Oort | Frans Oort (born 17 July 1935) is a Dutch mathematician who specializes in algebraic geometry.
Career
Oort studied from 1952 to 1958 at Leiden University, where he graduated with a thesis on elliptic curves. He received his doctorate in 1961 in Leiden from and Jaap Murre with thesis Reducible and Multiple Algebraic C... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Work%20%28thermodynamics%29 | Thermodynamic work is one of the principal processes by which a thermodynamic system can interact with its surroundings and exchange energy. This exchange results in externally measurable macroscopic forces on the system's surroundings, which can cause mechanical work, to lift a weight, for example, or cause changes in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toy%20forts%20and%20castles | A toy fort is a miniature fortress or castle that is used as a setting to stage battles using toy soldiers. Toy forts come in many shapes and sizes; some are copies of existing historical structures, while others are imagined with specific elements to enable realistic play, such as moats, drawbridges, and battlements. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20metric | In mathematics, the Hilbert metric, also known as the Hilbert projective metric, is an explicitly defined distance function on a bounded convex subset of the n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn. It was introduced by as a generalization of Cayley's formula for the distance in the Cayley–Klein model of hyperbolic geometry,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validity%20%28logic%29 | In logic, specifically in deductive reasoning, an argument is valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. It is not required for a valid argument to have premises that are actually true, but to have premises that, if they were tr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Primer%20of%20Real%20Functions | A Primer of Real Functions is a revised edition of a classic Carus Monograph on the theory of functions of a real variable. It is authored by R. P. Boas, Jr and updated by his son Harold P. Boas. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Louisa%20White | Mary Louisa White (2 September 1866 – January 1935) was a British composer, pianist, and educator who invented a Letterless Method of musical notation. Her parents were Robert and Louisa Makin White. Mary Louisa, known to her family as "Louie," was the oldest of their four children. She also had a half brother and a ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%20intelligence | Dog intelligence or dog cognition is the process in dogs of acquiring information and conceptual skills, and storing them in memory, retrieving, combining and comparing them, and using them in new situations.
Studies have shown that dogs display many behaviors associated with intelligence. They have advanced memory sk... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiesselbach%27s%20plexus | Kiesselbach's plexus is an anastomotic arterial network (plexus) of four or five arteries in the nose supplying the nasal septum. It lies in the anterior inferior part of the septum known as Little's area, Kiesselbach's area, or Kiesselbach's triangle. It is a common site for nosebleeds.
Structure
Kiesselbach's plexu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20the%20Black%20Country | The Black Country flag is the flag of the Black Country region of England. It was registered with the Flag Institute as a regional flag in 2012.
History
The design was the winner of a competition run by the Black Country Living Museum in response to a campaign by the Parliamentary Flags & Heraldry Committee encourag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance%20release | A maintenance release (also minor release or Maintenance Pack or MP) is a release of a product that does not add new features or content. For instance, in computer software, maintenance releases are typically intended to solve minor problems, typically "bugs" or security issues.
Example of minor version numbering
The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical%20logic |
Categorical logic is the branch of mathematics in which tools and concepts from category theory are applied to the study of mathematical logic. It is also notable for its connections to theoretical computer science.
In broad terms, categorical logic represents both syntax and semantics by a category, and an interpret... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digraphia | In sociolinguistics, digraphia refers to the use of more than one writing system for the same language. Synchronic digraphia is the coexistence of two or more writing systems for the same language, while diachronic digraphia (or sequential digraphia) is the replacement of one writing system by another for a particular... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yap%20%28company%29 | Yap Speech Cloud was a multimodal speech recognition system developed by American technology company Yap Inc. It offered a fully cloud-based speech-to-text transcription platform that was used by customers such as Microsoft.
The Company was a contestant at the inaugural TechCrunch conference and was subsequently acqui... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional%20random%20field | Conditional random fields (CRFs) are a class of statistical modeling methods often applied in pattern recognition and machine learning and used for structured prediction. Whereas a classifier predicts a label for a single sample without considering "neighbouring" samples, a CRF can take context into account. To do so, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna%27s%20slice%20theorem | In mathematics, Luna's slice theorem, introduced by , describes the local behavior of an action of a reductive algebraic group on an affine variety. It is an analogue in algebraic geometry of the theorem that a compact Lie group acting on a smooth manifold X has a slice at each point x, in other words a subvariety W su... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pesticide%20drift | Pesticide drift refers to the unintentional diffusion of pesticides and the potential negative effects of pesticide application, including off-target contamination due to spray drift as well as runoff from plants or soil. This can lead to damage in human health, environmental contamination, and property damage. Some pe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential%20systems%20analysis | Essential systems analysis was a new methodology for software specification published in 1984 by Stephen M. McMenamin and John F. Palmer for performing structured systems analysis based on the concept of event partitioning.
The essence of a system is "its required behavior independent of the technology used to impleme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit%20comparison%20test | In mathematics, the limit comparison test (LCT) (in contrast with the related direct comparison test) is a method of testing for the convergence of an infinite series.
Statement
Suppose that we have two series and with for all .
Then if with , then either both series converge or both series diverge.
Proof
Bec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS%20Research%20and%20Human%20Retroviruses | AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses is a peer-reviewed scientific journal focusing on HIV/AIDS research, as well as on human retroviruses and their related diseases. The journal was founded in 1983 as AIDS Research, and acquired its current name in 1987. It is published by Mary Ann Liebert, and edited by R. Keith Ree... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20quantum%20computing%20and%20communication | This is a timeline of quantum computing.
1960s
1968
Stephen Wiesner invented conjugate coding (published in ACM SIGACT News 15(1):78–88).
1970s
1970
James Park articulated the no-cloning theorem.
1973
Alexander Holevo published a paper showing that n qubits can carry more than n classical bits of information, b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman%20Mao%20badge | Chairman Mao badge () is the name given to a type of pin badge displaying an image of Mao Zedong that was ubiquitous in the People's Republic of China during the active phase of the Cultural Revolution, from 1966 to 1971. The term is also used for badges associated with Mao that do not actually have a picture of him on... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyTOF | Cytometry by time of flight, or CyTOF, is an application of mass cytometry used to quantify labeled targets on the surface and interior of single cells. CyTOF allows the quantification of multiple cellular components simultaneously using an ICP-MS detector.
CyTOF takes advantage of immunolabeling to quantify proteins,... |
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