id stringlengths 6 15 | question_type stringclasses 1
value | question stringlengths 15 683 | choices listlengths 4 4 | answer stringclasses 5
values | explanation stringclasses 481
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
sciq-10409 | multiple_choice | What is it called when your joints start to wear out and they become stiff and painful? | [
"endometriosis",
"tendonitis",
"arthritis",
"adenitis"
] | C |
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Arthritis of the knee is typically a particularly debilitating form of arthritis. The knee may become affected by almost any form of arthritis.
The word arthritis refers to inflammation of the joints. Types of arthritis include those related to wear and tear of cartilage, such a... | |
sciq-5763 | multiple_choice | How are the number of moles of carbon dioxide gas calculated? | [
"phytochemistry",
"relativistic",
"stoichiometry",
"casuistry"
] | C |
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In chemistry, the mole map is a graphical representation of an algorithm that compares molar mass, number of particles per mole, and factors from balanced equations or other formulae.
Stoichiometry
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The Force Concept Inventory is a test measuring mastery of conc... | |
sciq-1882 | multiple_choice | What is the science that describes the ancestral and descendant connections between organisms? | [
"experimentally",
"phylogeny",
"organic science",
"polygamy"
] | B |
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Merriam-Webster defines chemotaxonomy as the method of biological classification based on similarities and dissimilarity in the structure of certain compounds among the organisms being classified. Advocates argue that, as proteins are more closely controlled by genes and less subje... | |
sciq-2856 | multiple_choice | Proper kidney function is essential for homeostasis of what level, which in turn helps ensure the functioning of enzymes? | [
"ions",
"ph",
"calcium",
"oxygen"
] | B |
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Assessment of kidney function occurs in different ways, using the presence of symptoms and signs, as well as measurements using urine tests, blood tests, and medical imaging.
Functions of a healthy kidney include maintaining a person's fluid balance, maintaining an acid-base ba... | |
sciq-6681 | multiple_choice | At a convergent plate boundary, when one plate is oceanic, there are large what? | [
"earthquakes",
"lakes",
"plateaus",
"volcanoes"
] | D |
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Maui Nui is a modern geologists' name given to a prehistoric Hawaiian island and the corresponding modern biogeographic region. Maui Nui is composed of four modern islands: Maui, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, and Kahoʻolawe. Administratively, the four modern islands comprise Maui County (and a... | |
sciq-3524 | multiple_choice | All the genes in all the members of a population make up its what? | [
"diversity",
"longevity",
"phenotype",
"gene pool"
] | D |
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Genetics (from Ancient Greek , “genite” and that from , “origin”), a discipline of biology, is the science of heredity and variation in living organisms.
Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to genetics include:
#
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
... | |
ai2_arc-659 | multiple_choice | Which list gives the correct order of substances from the lowest melting point to the highest? | [
"oxygen, water, iron",
"water, iron, oxygen",
"oxygen, iron, water",
"iron, oxygen, water"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-2126 | multiple_choice | Intrusive igneous rocks cool from magma slowly in the crust and have large what? | [
"atoms",
"crystals",
"pores",
"coal deposits"
] | B |
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In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of... | |
sciq-6932 | multiple_choice | The decay rate is measured in a unit called the what? | [
"decay rate",
"half-life",
"radioactive decay",
"exponential decay"
] | B |
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Decay correction is a method of estimating the amount of radioactive decay at some set time before it was actually measured.
Example of use
Researchers often want to measure, say, medical compounds in the bodies of animals. It's hard to measure them directly, so it can be chemi... | |
sciq-5778 | multiple_choice | What bone forms the upper jaw and supports the upper teeth? | [
"orbital bone",
"tibular bone",
"subaerial bone",
"maxillary bone"
] | D |
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The maxilla (: maxillae ) in vertebrates is the upper fixed (not fixed in Neopterygii) bone of the jaw formed from the fusion of two maxillary bones. In humans, the upper jaw includes the hard palate in the front of the mouth.<ref>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.</ref> The two ma... | |
sciq-8823 | multiple_choice | How many valence electrons does helium have? | [
"three",
"Five",
"two",
"six"
] | C |
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-10992 | multiple_choice | What is the term for flowering seed plants? | [
"angiosperms",
"spores",
"perennials",
"gymnosperms"
] | A |
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Mesangiospermae (core angiosperms) is a clade of flowering plants (angiosperms), informally called "mesangiosperms". They are one of two main groups of angiosperms. It is a name created under the rules of the PhyloCode system of phylogenetic nomenclature. There are about 350,000 sp... | |
sciq-10645 | multiple_choice | What kind of reactions absorb energy from their surroundings as they occur? | [
"endothermic",
"hydrostatic",
"autotrophic",
"exothermic"
] | A |
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Energy flow is the flow of energy through living things within an ecosystem. All living organisms can be organized into producers and consumers, and those producers and consumers can further be organized into a food chain. Each of the levels within the food chain is a trophic level... | |
scienceQA-921 | multiple_choice | Select the vertebrate. | [
"red-kneed tarantula",
"giant octopus",
"red-tailed hawk",
"castor bean tick"
] | C | Like other tarantulas, a red-kneed tarantula is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has an exoskeleton.
Like other octopuses, a giant octopus is an invertebrate. It does not have a backbone. It has a soft body.
A castor bean tick is an insect. Like other insects, a castor bean tick is an invertebrate. It d... |
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Vertebrate zoology is the biological discipline that consists of the study of Vertebrate animals, i.e., animals with a backbone, such as fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Many natural history museums have departments named Vertebrate Zoology. In some cases whole museu... |
ai2_arc-403 | multiple_choice | The attachment of methyl radicals to genes helps regulate which property? | [
"information genes store",
"mode of gene inheritance",
"gene expression",
"gene coding system"
] | D |
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1-Methylcytosine is a methylated form of the DNA base cytosine.
In 1-methylcytosine, a methyl group is attached to the 1st atom in the 6-atom ring. This methyl group distinguishes 1-methylcytosine from cytosine.
History
Miriam Rossi worked on the refinement of 1-methylcytos... | |
sciq-222 | multiple_choice | How many naturally occurring elements are known on earth? | [
"60",
"90",
"87",
"85"
] | B |
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-2339 | multiple_choice | The structure of mitochondrion plays an important role in what? | [
"magnetism",
"aerobic respiration",
"cell division",
"sexual reproduction"
] | B |
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Megamitochondria is extremely large and abnormal shapes of mitochondria seen in hepatocytes in alcoholic liver disease and in nutritional deficiencies. It can be seen in conditions of hypertrophy in cell death.
Document 1:::
Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and ... | |
sciq-497 | multiple_choice | What is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species? | [
"example embryology",
"prenatal biology",
"diversified embryology",
"comparative embryology"
] | D |
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Comparative embryology is the branch of embryology that compares and contrasts embryos of different species, showing how all animals are related.
History
Aristotle was the earliest person in recorded history to study embryos. Observing embryos of different species, he described... | |
sciq-6596 | multiple_choice | Metals are good conductors of what? | [
"metabolism",
"electricity",
"light",
"sound"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Advanced Placement (AP) Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism (also known as AP Physics C: E&M or AP E&M) is an introductory physics course administered by the College Board as part of its Advanced Placement program. It is intended to proxy a second-semester calculus-based universit... | |
sciq-8249 | multiple_choice | The purpose of any cooling system is to transfer what type of energy in order to keep things cool? | [
"thermal",
"radiation",
"physical",
"atmospheric"
] | A |
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Thermofluids is a branch of science and engineering encompassing four intersecting fields:
Heat transfer
Thermodynamics
Fluid mechanics
Combustion
The term is a combination of "thermo", referring to heat, and "fluids", which refers to liquids, gases and vapors. Temperature, ... | |
sciq-7919 | multiple_choice | A major disturbance in what results in an episode of severe weather called a storm? | [
"the core",
"the ozone layer",
"the oceans",
"the atmosphere"
] | D |
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This is a list of meteorology topics. The terms relate to meteorology, the interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere that focuses on weather processes and forecasting. (see also: List of meteorological phenomena)
A
advection
aeroacoustics
aerobiology
aerograp... | |
sciq-9139 | multiple_choice | Metals, fossil fuels, and water are all examples of what type of resource? | [
"ores",
"natural resources",
"renewable resources",
"recyclables"
] | B |
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A non-renewable resource (also called a finite resource) is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption. An example is carbon-based fossil fuels. The original organic matter, with the aid of heat and pressur... | |
sciq-7624 | multiple_choice | What type of layers do animals' tissues develop from? | [
"cytoplasm",
"transgenic",
"dermic",
"embryonic"
] | D |
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Histogenesis is the formation of different tissues from undifferentiated cells. These cells are constituents of three primary germ layers, the endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. The science of the microscopic structures of the tissues formed within histogenesis is termed histology.
... | |
sciq-10284 | multiple_choice | Sodium and chlorine combine to make what? | [
"seawater",
"iron",
"salt",
"gold"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-10527 | multiple_choice | What is caused by the same virus that causes chicken pox? | [
"shingles",
"boils",
"blisters",
"mumps"
] | A |
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Mycoplasma haemomuris, formerly known as Haemobartonella muris and Bartonella muris, is a Gram-negative bacillus. It is known to cause anemia in rats and mice.
Document 1:::
The SAT Subject Test in Biology was the name of a one-hour multiple choice test given on biology by the... | |
sciq-10664 | multiple_choice | What are two major categories of mutations? | [
"germline and somatic",
"plasticity and somatic",
"german and somatic",
"homologous and somatic"
] | A |
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In biology, and especially in genetics, a mutant is an organism or a new genetic character arising or resulting from an instance of mutation, which is generally an alteration of the DNA sequence of the genome or chromosome of an organism. It is a characteristic that would not be ob... | |
sciq-5487 | multiple_choice | When the bud is fully developed, it breaks away from the parent cell and forms a new what? | [
"flower",
"stem",
"organism",
"leaf"
] | C |
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Important structures in plant development are buds, shoots, roots, leaves, and flowers; plants produce these tissues and structures throughout their life from meristems located at the tips of organs, or between mature tissues. Thus, a living plant always has embryonic tissues. By c... | |
ai2_arc-725 | multiple_choice | Why is it winter in North America when it is summer in South America? | [
"The south is always warmer than the north.",
"There is less land than water in the south.",
"North America receives less direct sunlight during the winter.",
"When it is December in North America, it is June in South America."
] | C |
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Polar ecology is the relationship between plants and animals in a polar environment. Polar environments are in the Arctic and Antarctic regions. Arctic regions are in the Northern Hemisphere, and it contains land and the islands that surrounds it. Antarctica is in the Southern Hemi... | |
sciq-9367 | multiple_choice | What is the term for organisms that make their own food? | [
"plastids",
"monocots",
"omnivores",
"autotrophs"
] | D |
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The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web. A food chain is a succession of organisms that eat other organisms and may, in turn, be eaten themselves. The trophic level of an organism is the number of steps it is from the start of the chain. A food w... | |
ai2_arc-755 | multiple_choice | Aquaculture is the raising of freshwater and marine plants and animals for food. How would a company raising fish best demonstrate good stewardship of natural resources? | [
"They would raise fish with as little pollution as possible.",
"They would raise fish as economically as possible.",
"They would raise fish from as many species as possible.",
"They would raise fish to be as flavorful as possible."
] | A |
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Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, meteorology, conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics... | |
sciq-6854 | multiple_choice | Red blood cells, white blood cells and what other cell is found in blood? | [
"antibodies",
"platelets",
"plasma cells",
"hemoglobin"
] | B |
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White blood cells, also called leukocytes or immune cells also called immunocytes, are cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. White blood cells include three main subtypes; granulocytes, lymphocyte... | |
ai2_arc-77 | multiple_choice | Giant redwood trees change energy from one form to another. How is energy changed by the trees? | [
"They change chemical energy into kinetic energy.",
"They change solar energy into chemical energy.",
"They change wind energy into heat energy.",
"They change mechanical energy into solar energy."
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-1225 | multiple_choice | Changing levels of what substances partly explain emotional ups and downs in teens? | [
"nutrients",
"hormones",
"enzymes",
"acids"
] | B |
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Lövheim Cube of Emotion is a theoretical model for the relationship between the monoamine neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline and emotions. The model was presented in 2012 by Swedish researcher Hugo Lövheim.
Lövheim classifies emotions according to Silvan T... | |
sciq-5650 | multiple_choice | The majority of salamanders lack what organs, so respiration occurs through the skin or through external gills? | [
"throats",
"lungs",
"noses",
"mouths"
] | B |
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Fish anatomy is the study of the form or morphology of fish. It can be contrasted with fish physiology, which is the study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. In practice, fish anatomy and fish physiology complement each other, the former dealin... | |
sciq-145 | multiple_choice | When a series of measurements is precise but not what, the error is usually systematic? | [
"length",
"velocity",
"color",
"accurate"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-4224 | multiple_choice | What anatomical structure serves as the conduit of the oocyte from the ovary to the uterus? | [
"uterine tubes",
"urethra",
"ureters",
"nephrons"
] | A |
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The fallopian tubes, also known as uterine tubes, oviducts or salpinges (: salpinx), are paired tubes in the human female body that stretch from the uterus to the ovaries. The fallopian tubes are part of the female reproductive system. In other mammals they are only called oviducts... | |
sciq-10508 | multiple_choice | What is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes? | [
"biological utility",
"genetic engineering",
"biological engineering",
"genetic employing"
] | B |
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Biotechnology is a multidisciplinary field that involves the integration of natural sciences and engineering sciences in order to achieve the application of organisms, cells, parts thereof and molecular analogues for products and services.
The term biotechnology was first used ... | |
sciq-9747 | multiple_choice | All cells need what for energy? | [
"light",
"insulin",
"oxygen",
"glucose"
] | D |
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Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life. The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells... | |
scienceQA-5936 | multiple_choice | Select the animal. | [
"Coconut trees have large, thin leaves.",
"Basil has green leaves.",
"Yaks eat plants.",
"Orange trees can grow fruit."
] | C | An orange tree is a plant. It can grow fruit.
Orange trees grow in sunny, warm places. They can be damaged by cold weather.
Basil is a plant. It has green leaves.
Basil leaves are used in cooking.
A yak is an animal. It eats plants.
Yaks live in cold places. Their long hair helps keep them warm.
A coconut tree is a pla... |
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What a Plant Knows is a popular science book by Daniel Chamovitz, originally published in 2012, discussing the sensory system of plants. A revised edition was published in 2017.
Release details / Editions / Publication
Hardcover edition, 2012
Paperback version, 2013
Revised e... |
sciq-10498 | multiple_choice | Kinetic energy of moving particles of matter, measured by their temperatures are known as: | [
"thermal energy",
"solar energy",
"visible energy",
"atmospheric energy"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-1561 | multiple_choice | What contain organelles common to other cells, such as a nucleus and mitochondria, and also have more specialized structures, including dendrites and axons? | [
"neurons",
"blood cells",
"muscle cells",
"follicles"
] | A |
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H2.00.04.4.01001: Lymphoid tissue
H2.00.05.0.00001: Muscle tissue
H2.00.05.1.00001: Smooth muscle tissue
H2.00.05.2.00001: Striated muscle tissue
H2.00.06.0.00001: Nerve tissue
H2.00.06.1.00001: Neuron
H2.00.06.2.00001: Synapse
H2.00.06.2.00001: Neuroglia
h3.01: B... | |
sciq-3703 | multiple_choice | What effect is caused by air moving over the earth's surface as it spins? | [
"dopple effect",
"pruett effect",
"mazinho effect",
"coriolis effect"
] | D |
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Atmospheric circulation of a planet is largely specific to the planet in question and the study of atmospheric circulation of exoplanets is a nascent field as direct observations of exoplanet atmospheres are still quite sparse. However, by considering the fundamental principles of ... | |
sciq-10843 | multiple_choice | What man-made structures orbit all of the inner planets as well as jupiter and saturn? | [
"moons",
"comets",
"space shuttles",
"satellites"
] | D |
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This article is a list of notable unsolved problems in astronomy. Some of these problems are theoretical, meaning that existing theories may be incapable of explaining certain observed phenomena or experimental results. Others are experimental, meaning that experiments necessary to... | |
sciq-11246 | multiple_choice | What bodily defense can be acquired in an active or passive way, and can be natural or artificial? | [
"membrane",
"skin",
"nerves",
"immunity"
] | D |
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The innate, or nonspecific, immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies (the other being the adaptive immune system) in vertebrates. The innate immune system is an alternate defense strategy and is the dominant immune system response found in plants, fungi, insects, an... | |
sciq-6524 | multiple_choice | Dew point is the temperature at which what occurs? | [
"combustion",
"fermentation",
"condensation",
"precipitation"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-9596 | multiple_choice | What molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom? | [
"lipids",
"water",
"carbohydrate",
"Oxygen"
] | B |
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In chemistry, the carbon-hydrogen bond ( bond) is a chemical bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms that can be found in many organic compounds. This bond is a covalent, single bond, meaning that carbon shares its outer valence electrons with up to four hydrogens. This completes b... | |
sciq-7571 | multiple_choice | What is happening to the rate of the expansion of the universe? | [
"it is unknown",
"it is increasing",
"it is decreasing",
"it is stable"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-443 | multiple_choice | What is the name of the second most electronegative element? | [
"carbon",
"oxygen",
"Hydrogen",
"nitrogen"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-6497 | multiple_choice | When members of the same species compete for the same resources, it is called what? | [
"interspecies competition",
"natural selection",
"intraspecific competition",
"extinction"
] | C |
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Interspecific competition, in ecology, is a form of competition in which individuals of different species compete for the same resources in an ecosystem (e.g. food or living space). This can be contrasted with mutualism, a type of symbiosis. Competition between members of the same ... | |
sciq-3484 | multiple_choice | What is the term for a particle from outside the cell engulfing the cells membrane? | [
"endocytosis",
"mitosis",
"metastasis",
"endometriosis"
] | A |
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Ectoplasm (also exoplasm) (from the ancient Greek words ἐκτός (èktòs): outside and πλάσμα: plasma, literally meaning: that which has form) is the non-granulated outer part of a cell's cytoplasm, while endoplasm is its often granulated inner layer. It is clear, and protects as well... | |
ai2_arc-738 | multiple_choice | Students are performing an investigation to determine the types of bacteria that grow inside their school. Which activity should the students avoid while performing this investigation? | [
"wearing gloves while handling the samples",
"cleaning all materials they have finished using",
"bringing food and drinks into the laboratory",
"washing hands before leaving the laboratory"
] | C |
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MicrobeLibrary is a permanent collection of over 1400 original peer-reviewed resources for teaching undergraduate microbiology. It is provided by the American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, United States.
Contents include curriculum activities; images and animations; ... | |
sciq-4560 | multiple_choice | The structure of the boeing 787 has been described as essentially one giant macromolecule, where everything is fastened through cross-linked chemical bonds reinforced with this? | [
"carbon fiber",
"nitrogen fiber",
"non-covalent interaction",
"metal-metal bonds"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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A chemical bonding model is a theoretical model used to explain atomic bonding structure, molecular geometry, properties, and reactivity of physical matter. This can refer to:
VSEPR theory, a model of molecular geometry.
Valence bond theory, which describes molecular electronic... | |
sciq-7597 | multiple_choice | What do atoms form by sharing valence electrons? | [
"phenotype bonds",
"ionic bonds",
"covalent bonds",
"neutron bonds"
] | C |
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Steudel R 2020, Chemistry of the Non-metals: Syntheses - Structures - Bonding - Applications, in collaboration with D Scheschkewitz, Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, . ▲
An updated translation of the 5th German edition of 2013, incorporating the literature up to Spring 2019. Twenty-thr... | |
sciq-5733 | multiple_choice | Sucrose does not undergo reactions that are typical of aldehydes and ketones, therefore it is a nonreducing what? | [
"juice",
"wheat",
"sugar",
"salt"
] | C |
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A reducing sugar is any sugar that is capable of acting as a reducing agent. In an alkaline solution, a reducing sugar forms some aldehyde or ketone, which allows it to act as a reducing agent, for example in Benedict's reagent. In such a reaction, the sugar becomes a carboxylic ac... | |
sciq-2001 | multiple_choice | What term is used to describe the amount of space occupied by a sample of matter? | [
"mass",
"liquid",
"growth",
"volume"
] | D |
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The surface-area-to-volume ratio or surface-to-volume ratio (denoted as SA:V, SA/V, or sa/vol) is the ratio between surface area and volume of an object or collection of objects.
SA:V is an important concept in science and engineering. It is used to explain the relation between ... | |
sciq-1466 | multiple_choice | What occurs where the water motion slows? | [
"erosion",
"diffusion",
"deposition",
"vapor"
] | C |
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Shear velocity, also called friction velocity, is a form by which a shear stress may be re-written in units of velocity. It is useful as a method in fluid mechanics to compare true velocities, such as the velocity of a flow in a stream, to a velocity that relates shear between laye... | |
sciq-3052 | multiple_choice | What is a key factor in the growth of populations? | [
"assimilation",
"immigration",
"legislation",
"gentrification"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Diversity Explosion: How New Racial Demographics are Remaking America is a 2014 non-fiction book by William H. Frey.
A look into how racial and ethnic diversity and changing demographics are altering the United States, Diversity Explosion is published and distributed by the Broo... | |
sciq-7622 | multiple_choice | For the nervous system to function, neurons must be able to send and receive what? | [
"signals",
"pulses",
"information",
"proteins"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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The sensory nervous system is a part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information. A sensory system consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception... | |
sciq-7275 | multiple_choice | What is the second stage of cellular respiration? | [
"marr cycle",
"krebs cycle",
"duocycle",
"beatnik cycle"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidized in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to drive the bulk production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which contains energy. Cellular respiration may be described as a set of metab... | |
sciq-7744 | multiple_choice | In which way to vertebrates reproduces? | [
"biologically",
"sexually",
"anally",
"asexually"
] | B |
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The "Vicar of Bray" hypothesis (or Fisher-Muller Model) attempts to explain why sexual reproduction might have advantages over asexual reproduction. Reproduction is the process by which organisms give rise to offspring. Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and results in o... | |
sciq-4463 | multiple_choice | Many adolescents experience frequent mood swings. name one of the causes for this. | [
"psychological changes",
"surging hormones",
"growing hormones",
"maturing nervous system"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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Scientific studies have found that different brain areas show altered activity in humans with major depressive disorder (MDD), and this has encouraged advocates of various theories that seek to identify a biochemical origin of the disease, as opposed to theories that emphasize psyc... | |
sciq-5137 | multiple_choice | Because sound waves must move through a medium, there are no sound waves in a what? | [
"vacuum",
"liquid",
"solid",
"gas"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
In human physiology and psychology, sound is the reception of such waves and their perception by the brain. Only acoustic waves that have frequencies ... | |
sciq-9663 | multiple_choice | What is the science of classifying the many organisms on earth called? | [
"methodology",
"general classification",
"terminology",
"taxonomy"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, have myocytes and are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryo... | |
sciq-957 | multiple_choice | Due to the difference in the distribution of charge, water is what type of molecule? | [
"uneven",
"crooked",
"polar",
"ionic"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
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Water () is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound and is described as the "universal solvent" and the "solvent of life". ... | |
sciq-5976 | multiple_choice | Which proteins recognize and combine with harmful materials, including both toxic chemicals and invasive microorganisms? | [
"antibodies",
"collagen",
"enzymes",
"essential amino acids"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that spoils, corrupts, infects, makes unfit, or makes inferior a material, physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.
Types of contamination
Within the sciences, the word "conta... | |
sciq-3461 | multiple_choice | What occurs when substances move from areas of lower to higher concentration or when very large molecules are transported? | [
"migration",
"diffusion",
"passive transport",
"active transport"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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Transcellular transport involves the transportation of solutes by a cell through a cell. Transcellular transport can occur in three different ways active transport, passive transport, and transcytosis.
Active Transport
Main article: Active transport
Active transport is the ... | |
sciq-5435 | multiple_choice | What is the second line of defense? | [
"fight or flight",
"inflammatory response",
"immune response",
"rejection of foreign bodies"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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The Force Concept Inventory is a test measuring mastery of concepts commonly taught in a first semester of physics developed by Hestenes, Halloun, Wells, and Swackhamer (1985). It was the first such "concept inventory" and several others have been developed since for a variety of t... | |
sciq-3929 | multiple_choice | What is the basic unit of structure and function of living things? | [
"molecule",
"atom",
"particle",
"cell"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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Cellular components are the complex biomolecules and structures of which cells, and thus living organisms, are composed. Cells are the structural and functional units of life. The smallest organisms are single cells, while the largest organisms are assemblages of trillions of cells... | |
sciq-10741 | multiple_choice | What is the term for the deepest places on earth? | [
"trenches",
"mines",
"the core",
"tunnels"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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The Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Network or STEMNET is an educational charity in the United Kingdom that seeks to encourage participation at school and college in science and engineering-related subjects (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) and (e... | |
sciq-7846 | multiple_choice | Extrusive igneous rocks are also called what? | [
"metamorphic",
"agates",
"magma minerals",
"volcanic rocks"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of... | |
sciq-3269 | multiple_choice | What changes water vapor to liquid water? | [
"condensation",
"global warming",
"fermentation",
"combustion"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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At equilibrium, the relationship between water content and equilibrium relative humidity of a material can be displayed graphically by a curve, the so-called moisture sorption isotherm.
For each humidity value, a sorption isotherm indicates the corresponding water content value a... | |
sciq-56 | multiple_choice | The angle at which light bends when it enters a different medium is known as what? | [
"bounce",
"frequency",
"resonance",
"refraction"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
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Treatise on Light: In Which Are Explained the Causes of That Which Occurs in Reflection & Refraction (: Où Sont Expliquées les Causes de ce qui Luy Arrive Dans la Reflexion & Dans la Refraction) is a book written by Dutch polymath Christiaan Huygens that was published in French in ... | |
sciq-7797 | multiple_choice | What is the term for the length of the route between two points? | [
"trajectory",
"length",
"area",
"distance"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Sinuosity, sinuosity index, or sinuosity coefficient of a continuously differentiable curve having at least one inflection point is the ratio of the curvilinear length (along the curve) and the Euclidean distance (straight line) between the end points of the curve. This dimensionle... | |
sciq-2599 | multiple_choice | What can echinoderms sense with their simple eyes? | [
"light",
"electricity",
"colors",
"shapes"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
A Knollenorgan is an electroreceptor in the skin of weakly electric fish of the family Mormyridae (Elephantfish) from Africa. The structure was first described by Viktor Franz (1921), a German anatomist unaware of its function. They are named after "Knolle", German for "tuberous ro... | |
sciq-8608 | multiple_choice | What is a long, tube-shaped bundle of neurons, protected by the vertebrae? | [
"a ganglion",
"a dendrite",
"the spinal cord",
"an axon"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
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A shallow, longitudinal groove separating the developing gray matter into a basal and alar plates along the length of the neural tube. The sulcus limitans extends the length of the spinal cord and through the mesencephalon.
Document 1:::
Catherina Gwynne Becker (née Krüger) is ... | |
sciq-5079 | multiple_choice | What might eventually happen to a species if it is unable to reproduce? | [
"natural selection",
"migration",
"adaptation",
"extinction"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Genetic viability is the ability of the genes present to allow a cell, organism or population to survive and reproduce. The term is generally used to mean the chance or ability of a population to avoid the problems of inbreeding. Less commonly genetic viability can also be used in... | |
ai2_arc-32 | multiple_choice | Which of these human activities does not contribute to the extinction of species? | [
"hunting",
"habitat destruction",
"restoration ecology",
"introduced nonnative species"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
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Biodiversity loss includes the worldwide extinction of different species, as well as the local reduction or loss of species in a certain habitat, resulting in a loss of biological diversity. The latter phenomenon can be temporary or permanent, depending on whether the environmental... | |
sciq-9293 | multiple_choice | What does rising air do when it reaches the top of the troposphere? | [
"dries",
"heats",
"warms",
"cools"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-9014 | multiple_choice | The term “vapor” refers to the gas phase when it exists at a temperature below what? | [
"boiling temperature",
"contaminated temperature",
"freezing temperature",
"liquid temperature"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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This is a list of gases at standard conditions, which means substances that boil or sublime at or below and 1 atm pressure and are reasonably stable.
List
This list is sorted by boiling point of gases in ascending order, but can be sorted on different values. "sub" and "triple... | |
scienceQA-8331 | multiple_choice | What do these two changes have in common?
melting glass
grilling a hamburger | [
"Both are only physical changes.",
"Both are chemical changes.",
"Both are caused by cooling.",
"Both are caused by heating."
] | D | Step 1: Think about each change.
Melting glass is a change of state. So, it is a physical change. The glass changes from solid to liquid. But a different type of matter is not formed.
Grilling a hamburger is a chemical change. Heat from the grill causes the matter in the meat to change. Cooked meat and raw meat are dif... |
Relavent Documents:
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Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. Physical changes are used to separate mixtures into their component compounds, but can not usually be used to separate compounds into chemical elements or simpler compounds.
... |
sciq-9142 | multiple_choice | What is the process by which plants capture the energy of sunlight and use carbon dioxide from the air (and water) to make their own food called? | [
"spermatogenesis",
"atherosclerosis",
"photochemistry",
"photosynthesis"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
{{DISPLAYTITLE: C3 carbon fixation}}
carbon fixation is the most common of three metabolic pathways for carbon fixation in photosynthesis, the other two being and CAM. This process converts carbon dioxide and ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP, a 5-carbon sugar) into two molecules of... | |
sciq-726 | multiple_choice | What do red blood cells carry? | [
"nitrogen",
"carbon dioxide",
"oxygen",
"hydrogen"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells. Blood in the circulatory system is also known as periphe... | |
scienceQA-10049 | multiple_choice | Select the reptile. | [
"mandarinfish",
"bull shark",
"leaf-tailed gecko",
"eastern newt"
] | C | A leaf-tailed gecko is a reptile. It has scaly, waterproof skin.
Many geckos have special pads on their toes. The pads help them climb up plants and rocks.
A bull shark is a fish. It lives underwater. It has fins, not limbs.
Bull sharks can live in both fresh and salt water. They are found in rivers and in shallow part... |
Relavent Documents:
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The Reptile Database is a scientific database that collects taxonomic information on all living reptile species (i.e. no fossil species such as dinosaurs). The database focuses on species (as opposed to higher ranks such as families) and has entries for all currently recognized ~13... |
sciq-5287 | multiple_choice | Which process changes rocks by heat and pressure? | [
"weathering",
"metamorphism",
"sediments",
"Changes"
] | B |
Relavent Documents:
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The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions. For example, an igneous rock such as ... | |
sciq-5112 | multiple_choice | Light bends when it passes in from what to what? | [
"air to ground",
"product to water",
"water to air",
"air to water"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-1334 | multiple_choice | What part of the ear is often described as a bony labyrinth? | [
"inner ear",
"solid ear",
"embedded ear",
"outer ear"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
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The vestibule is the central part of the bony labyrinth in the inner ear, and is situated medial to the eardrum, behind the cochlea, and in front of the three semicircular canals.
The name comes from the Latin , literally an entrance hall.
Structure
The vestibule is somewhat... | |
sciq-4699 | multiple_choice | Group 16 is called what? | [
"the acid group",
"noble gases",
"the oxygen group",
"metalloids"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Sometimes the Tits group is considered a 17th non-strict simple group of Lie type, or a 27th sporadic group, which would yield a total of 45 finite simple groups.
In science
The atomic number of ruthenium
Astronomy
Messier object M44, a magnitude 4.0 open cluster in the... | |
sciq-2064 | multiple_choice | Most cases of syphilis can be cured with what? | [
"antibiotics",
"enzymes",
"abstinence",
"vitamins"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Syphilis is a bacterial infection transmitted by sexual contact and is believed to have infected people in 1999 with greater than 90% of cases in the developing world. It affects between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnancies a year, resulting in spontaneous abortions, stillbirths, a... | |
sciq-9641 | multiple_choice | How many valence electrons does carbon have? | [
"five",
"one",
"four",
"two"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
The SAT Subject Test in Biology was the name of a one-hour multiple choice test given on biology by the College Board. A student chose whether to take the test depending upon college entrance requirements for the schools in which the student is planning to apply. Until 1994, the SA... | |
sciq-11451 | multiple_choice | What is the process of changing something from a gas to a liquid? | [
"fermentation",
"combustion",
"condensation",
"sublimation"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
In materials science, liquefaction is a process that generates a liquid from a solid or a gas or that generates a non-liquid phase which behaves in accordance with fluid dynamics.
It occurs both naturally and artificially. As an example of the latter, a "major commercial applicat... | |
scienceQA-9471 | multiple_choice | Select the animal. | [
"Chili peppers have green leaves.",
"Apple trees can grow fruit.",
"Brown pelicans eat fish.",
"Cedar trees have small leaves."
] | C | A chili pepper is a plant. It has many green leaves.
Chili peppers give food a spicy flavor.
A cedar tree is a plant. It has small leaves.
Cedar trees grow in many parts of the world. Many cedar trees grow on mountains.
A brown pelican is an animal. It eats fish.
A brown pelican is a bird. Brown pelicans live near wate... |
Relavent Documents:
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Plant ontology (PO) is a collection of ontologies developed by the Plant Ontology Consortium. These ontologies describe anatomical structures and growth and developmental stages across Viridiplantae. The PO is intended for multiple applications, including genetics, genomics, pheno... |
sciq-9309 | multiple_choice | What type of tissue transports water, nutrients, and food in plants? | [
"smooth tissue",
"normal tissue",
"vascular tissue",
"rough tissue"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
In biology, tissue is a historically derived biological organizational level between cells and a complete organ. A tissue is therefore often thought of as an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific f... | |
sciq-5278 | multiple_choice | What is part of a cycle that holds an element or water for a long period of time called? | [
"a holding tank",
"a ditch",
"a reservoir",
"homeostasis"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
The International Space Station Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) is a life support system that provides or controls atmospheric pressure, fire detection and suppression, oxygen levels, waste management and water supply. The highest priority for the ECLSS is the... | |
sciq-7285 | multiple_choice | What serves as the control center of the nervous system? | [
"bone",
"spine",
"brain",
"heart"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
The following diagram is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system:
Human nervous system – the part of the human body that coordinates a person's voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals between different parts of the body. The human... | |
sciq-5283 | multiple_choice | What gas, that is dissolved in solution, is used in carbonated beverages? | [
"carbon monoxide",
"hydrogen peroxide",
"phosphorus dioxide",
"carbon dioxide"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Activated carbon, also called activated charcoal, is a form of carbon commonly used to filter contaminants from water and air, among many other uses. It is processed (activated) to have small, low-volume pores that increase the surface area available for adsorption (which is not th... | |
sciq-8971 | multiple_choice | What is emitted by nuclei in alpha, beta, and gamma decay? | [
"convection",
"magnetic field",
"radiation",
"solar energy"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol γ or ), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. It consists of the shortest wavelength electromagnetic waves, typically shorter than those of X-rays. With frequencies ... | |
sciq-3619 | multiple_choice | Most sedimentary rocks form from what? | [
"sediments",
"volcanic activity",
"glaciers",
"erosion"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition, and the way in which it is formed. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of... | |
sciq-8290 | multiple_choice | Sediments in oligotrophic lakes contain large amounts of what? | [
"igneous rocks",
"fertilizer",
"algae",
"decomposable organic matter"
] | D |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Lake 226 is one lake in Canada's Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) in Ontario. The ELA is a freshwater and fisheries research facility that operated these experiments alongside Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Environment Canada. In 1968 this area in northwest Ontario was set aside for ... | |
sciq-2161 | multiple_choice | Yolk is a very fragile substance found in the eggs of reptiles and needs protection. what serves as protection for the yolk? | [
"eye sac",
"fish sac",
"yolk sac",
"dish sac"
] | C |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Conceptual questions or conceptual problems in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education are questions that can be answered based only on the knowledge of relevant concepts, rather than performing extensive calculations. They contrast with most homework and... | |
sciq-11063 | multiple_choice | A comet striking the earth may have caused mass extinction, this would have decreased sunlight, which would have effected what plant process reducing food? | [
"photosynthesis",
"glycolysis",
"fertilization",
"decomposition"
] | A |
Relavent Documents:
Document 0:::
Plant ecology is a subdiscipline of ecology that studies the distribution and abundance of plants, the effects of environmental factors upon the abundance of plants, and the interactions among plants and between plants and other organisms. Examples of these are the distribution of ... |
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