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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keys%20to%20the%20VIP | Keys to the VIP (A Professional League for Players) was a reality-television, comedy game show that aired on the Comedy Network and Fuse TV. The game involved two self-proclaimed players competing against each other to pick up women in a real bar. The two contestants went against each other in rounds to complete different objectives all related to seducing women. Hidden cameras recorded all the action that occurred, with four "expert" pick up artists judging to decide which of the two contestants did better picking up women during a round. The winner was the contestant that wins at least two out of the three rounds, and went on to win a party in a private VIP room with a select group of friends.
Hosts / Judges
The 4 hosts who oversaw the progress of the contestants across the town in Kai Lounge. Their personalities descend from the 4 corners of the male psyche.
Alen (Alen Bubich) - The cold, calculated master of pick-up analysis
Peachez (Emeka Bronson) - An ex-all-star jock inspired seduction specialist
Sheldon - Mysteriously coy and unorthodox philosopher
Chris (Chris Greidanus) - A hopelessly romantic man of integrity
The roles are based on the real-life personalities of the four guys, but are exaggerated to help them come up with specific judging criteria.
Production Team
Executive Producer - Sean Buckley
Executive Producer - Alen Bubich
Co-Executive Producer - Justin Killion
Senior Producer - Jim Kiriakakis
Director - Justin Harding
History
Alen, Peachez, Sheldon, Chris, and director Justin Harding are the creators of the show. The concept was based on the real-life challenges that Alen, Peachez, and Sheldon would come up with and try out in clubs in Guelph, Canada. Most of the challenges from the show are challenges that the guys had attempted in real life; in fact, the three men came up with many more challenges that the network did not integrate into the show. The pilot was filmed a few years before the show aired.
Chris was originally in an editing role, and expected to continue this role for the network show. However, the executive producer steered him towards the role of the 'nice guy' on the judging panel. Chris describes being the only "genuine guy" to audition, and he won the role.
Filming Location
Episodes of Keys to the VIP were primarily filmed at well-known nightclubs and bars in the Greater Toronto Area. Some of the clubs included Mink, Zu bar and Wet bar.
Episode list
Season 1 Episode 4 had no declared winner. "That Guy" was randomly selected from the studio.
Season 2 of Keys to the VIP Premiered November 1, 2007 on The Comedy Network.
Season 3 of Keys to the VIP Premiered Thursday October 23, 2008 on The Comedy Network featuring the youngest contender on Keys to the VIP ever, 19-year-old Julian.
"That Guy" appears once again in Season 3 Episode 6, as the judges refused to choose a winner.
Season 3 Episode 1 had a resulting tie game - both players received the award.
Season 3 finale, also known as Redemption, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidelines%20International%20Network | The Guidelines International Network (GIN) is an international scientific association of organisations and individuals interested and involved in development and application of evidence-based guidelines and health care information. The network supports evidence-based health care and improved health outcomes by reducing inappropriate variation throughout the world.
Membership and Organisation
The Network's membership consists of 115 organisations working in the field of medical guidelines and other types of healthcare guidance as well as of around 130 individual experts (March 2021). The members represent about 47 countries from all continents.
The list of members is available on the GIN website
Being constituted as a Scottish Guarantee Company under Company Number SC243691, the Network is recognised as a Scottish Charity under Scottish Charity Number SC034047.
History
Based upon the work of the international AGREE Collaboration for the quality of clinical practice guidelines, an organised network for organisations and experts working in the field of evidence-based guidelines was proposed in early 2002 at the first international guideline conference in Berlin, Germany. Guideline experts called for international standardized guideline methods, and information exchange in this field. The proposal was endorsed by health care agencies from all parts of the world such as AHRQ (USA), CBO (NL) German Agency for Quality in Medicine, NICE (UK), SIGN (UK), and NZGG (NZ).
Against this background the Guidelines International Network GIN was founded in November 2002 in Paris with Günter Ollenschläger as founding chairman.
Mission and Aims
The goal of the network is to lead, strengthen and support collaboration and work within the guideline development, adaptation and implementation community.
GIN's main aims are:
Promoting best practice through the development of learning opportunities and capacity building, as well as the establishment of standards
Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of evidence-based guideline development, adaptation, dissemination and implementation
Building a Network and partnerships for guideline developing organisations, end users (such as health care providers, healthcare policy makers and consumers) and stakeholders.
Activities
GIN has an International Guideline Library and registry, one of the world's largest guideline libraries, containing regularly updated guidelines and publications of the GIN membership, as well as other guideline developers. The registry is open for all guideline developers to register their guidelines. As of April 2021 around 3000 documents were available.
The network organises the annual GIN Conference around the globe:
2003 Edinburgh (UK), 2004 Wellington (NZ), 2005 Lyon (FR), 2007 Toronto (CA), 2008 Helsinki (FI), 2009 Lisbon (PT), 2010 Chicago (US), 2011 Seoul (KR), 2012 Berlin (DE), 2013 San Francisco (US), 2014 Melbourne (AU), 2015 Amsterdam (NL), 2016 Philadelphia (US), 2018 Manche |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KETF-CD | KETF-CD (channel 39) is a low-power, Class A television station in Laredo, Texas, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language UniMás network. It is owned by Entravision Communications alongside Univision affiliate KLDO-TV (channel 27) and Class A Fox affiliate KXOF-CD (channel 31). The three stations share studios on Bob Bullock Loop in Laredo; KETF-CD's transmitter is located on Shea Street north of downtown.
History
From 1999 to 2007 (under the ownership of the executors of Carlos Ortiz's estate, who were also the co-founders of La Familia Network and Fe-TV), it broadcast programming from TBN Enlace USA 24 hours a day, as KNEZ-LP. In March 2007, the station was acquired by Entravision Communications Corporation, owners of KLDO-TV and KETF-CD, with the intent to affiliate the station with the Fox network. In July 2007, Entravision changed the station's callsign to KXOF-CA and began to air Fox programming. With this change, San Antonio Fox affiliate KABB (which was carried on Time Warner Cable's Laredo system) was removed from the provider's lineup due to FCC rules.
On August 1, 2012, KXOF-CA turned off its analog signal and started broadcasting Fox in high definition on virtual channel 39.1 and MundoFox in standard definition on 39.2. MundoFox, which rebranded to MundoMax in 2015, folded on November 30, 2016. In February 2017, KXOF-CD began to carry Azteca América on 39.2. Prior to this affiliation, Azteca América was carried solely through the network's national feed on Time Warner Cable.
KETF-CD and sister station KXOF-CD swapped call letters on December 13, 2018, resulting in the Fox/MyNetworkTV affiliate retaining the KXOF-CD call letters and KETF-CD now being a dual UniMás/Azteca-affiliated station.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
UniMás network affiliates
Rewind TV affiliates
ETF-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1995
ETF
Entravision Communications stations
Spanish-language television stations in Texas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSA%20%28database%20company%29 | CSA (formerly Cambridge Scientific Abstracts) was a division of Cambridge Information Group and provider of online databases, based in Bethesda, Maryland, before merging with ProQuest of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 2007. CSA hosted databases of abstracts and developed taxonomic indexing of scholarly articles. These databases were hosted on the CSA Illumina platform and were available alongside add-on products like CSA Illustrata (deep-indexing of tables and figures). The company produced numerous bibliographic databases in different fields of the arts and humanities, natural and social sciences, and technology.
Thus, coverage included materials science, environmental sciences and pollution management, biological sciences, aquatic sciences and fisheries, biotechnology, engineering, computer science, sociology, linguistics, and other areas.
Aluminium Industry Abstracts
Aluminium Industry Abstracts (AIA) was formerly known as World Aluminum Abstracts (WAA). Topical coverage in the technical literature includes aluminum, production processes, products, applications, and business applications. Coverage of the sources include periodicals, technical reports, conference proceedings, patents, trade journals, press releases, and books.
Subject coverage, in broad categories, of this database is the aluminum industry (including end uses of aluminum), aluminum intermetallics, business information, engineering testing and properties, extractive metallurgy, melting, casting, and foundry, metalworking, extraction, patents, metallurgy engineering, and quality control (including testing).
Ceramic Abstracts
CSA publishes Ceramic Abstracts / World Ceramics Abstracts in conjunction with CERAM Research Ltd. This is database serves the ceramics industry. Coverage spans available global literature on the manufacture, processing, applications, properties and testing of traditional and advanced ceramics. In addition, this database is indexed for more than 3,000 published works of various formats such scientific and technical literature including monographs. Temporal coverage is generally from 1975 to the present day. The oldest record in the database has a publication date of 1971. This database is updated once per month, and approximately 15,000 new records are added each year. The size of the database is more than 454,000 records. The print equivalent for this database is World Ceramics Abstracts and Ceramic Abstracts.
Civil Engineering Abstracts
CSA/ASCE Civil Engineering Abstracts encompasses global, indexing, and abstracting coverage of civil engineering technical literature. Coverage also includes the complementary fields of forensic engineering, engineering services management, engineering services marketing, engineering education, theoretical mechanics, theoretical dynamics, and computational studies. Serial and non-serial publications are part of this database. More than 3,000 abstracted titles encompass, books, conference proceedings, trade journal, scienti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVI-728 | The SVI-728 is the first home computer from Spectravideo that complied fully with the MSX home computer specification. It was introduced in 1984. The design is virtually identical to that of the earlier SV-328, which did not comply fully with the MSX standard.
The SVI-738 is a portable version of this computer.
Technical specifications
Microprocessor
Zilog Z80A with a clockspeed of 3.56 MHz.
Memory
ROM: 32 KB
RAM: 64 KB (expandable to 256 KB)
VRAM: 16 KB
Video
Graphical processor: Texas Instruments TMS9918A/TMS9929 (NTSC/PAL)
Graphical resolution: 256 x 192 pixels
text modes: 40 characters x 24 lines and 32 characters x 24 lines
colors: 16
sprites: 32
Sound
General Instrument AY-3-8910-soundchip
3 sound channels
1 noise channels
1 envelope controller
Connectors
1 data recorder/Cassette deck
2 joysticks
1 cartridge
1 Super Expander
1 disk station
References
Home computers
MSX microcomputer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Telecom%20microwave%20network | The British Telecom microwave network was a network of point-to-point microwave radio links in the United Kingdom, operated at first by the General Post Office, and subsequently by its successor BT plc. From the late 1950s to the 1980s it provided a large part of BT's trunk communications capacity, and carried telephone, television and radar signals and digital data, both civil and military. Its use of line-of-sight microwave transmission was particularly important during the Cold War for its resilience against nuclear attack. It was rendered obsolete, at least for normal civilian purposes, by the installation of a national optical fibre communication network with considerably higher reliability and vastly greater capacity.
BT remains one of the largest owners of transmission and microwave towers in the UK. The most famous of these is the BT Tower in London, which was the tallest building in the UK from its construction in the 1960s until the early 1980s, and a major node in the BT microwave network.
Television links
The earliest operational GPO microwave links were provided for 405-line BBC television.
Experimental systems
London to Birmingham pre-war
In 1939 the Post Office placed a contract with EMI for an experiment in the relaying of television signals to Birmingham. In this case, the signals from Alexandra Palace were to be received at Dunstable and transmitted over a radio link to Sharmans Hill, Charwelton, some 40 miles distant towards Birmingham; thus carrying the signal two-thirds of the way from London to Birmingham. World War II intervened and this early experiment had to be abandoned.
London to Castleton 195 MHz
The GPO built an experimental chain of radio relay stations for television, which used the relatively low VHF frequency of 195 MHz and frequency modulation with a deviation of 6 MHz per volt. Each relay station consisted essentially of back-to-back rhombic antennas on opposite sides of a hilltop, connected via an amplifier. The frequency was not changed. The system was first tested on 24 March 1949. The stations were at:
Rowley Lodge, near Barnet, Hertfordshire
Green Hailey, Buckinghamshire
Widley, Hampshire
Hook, Hampshire
Wotton-under-Edge, Gloucestershire
Post Office Radio Laboratory at Castleton, Monmouthshire
London to Castleton 4 GHz
The GPO built an experimental 4 GHz system, which was used operationally to feed TV pictures to the Wenvoe transmitter during its first four months on air in late 1952, until a coaxial feed became available. Some of the equipment from this link was recovered, refurbished, modified and used to provide a permanent link from London to Rowridge, Isle of Wight in 1954.
London to Birmingham 900 MHz
A chain of stations was built between telephone exchanges in London and Birmingham to connect the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station to Alexandra Palace. The contract for this was placed with GEC in mid-1947. The stations were at:
London Museum exchange
Harrow Weald, Middlesex
Zouches Farm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20performance%20counter | In computers, hardware performance counters (HPC), or hardware counters are a set of special-purpose registers built into modern microprocessors to store the counts of hardware-related activities within computer systems. Advanced users often rely on those counters to conduct low-level performance analysis or tuning.
Implementations
The number of available hardware counters in a processor is limited while each CPU model might have a lot of different events that a developer might like to measure. Each counter can be programmed with the index of an event type to be monitored, like a L1 cache miss or a branch misprediction.
One of the first processors to implement such counter and an associated instruction RDPMC to access it was the Intel Pentium, but they were not documented until Terje Mathisen wrote an article about reverse engineering them in Byte July 1994.
The following table shows some examples of CPUs and the number of available hardware counters:
Versus software techniques
Compared to software profilers, hardware counters provide low-overhead access to a wealth of detailed performance information related to CPU's functional units, caches and main memory etc. Another benefit of using them is that no source code modifications are needed in general. However, the types and meanings of hardware counters vary from one kind of architecture to another due to the variation in hardware organizations.
There can be difficulties correlating the low level performance metrics back to source code. The limited number of registers to store the counters often force users to conduct multiple measurements to collect all desired performance metrics.
Instruction based sampling
Modern superscalar processors schedule and execute multiple instructions out-of-order at one time. These "in-flight" instructions can retire at any time, depending on memory access, hits in cache, stalls in the pipeline and many other factors. This can cause performance counter events to be attributed to the wrong instructions, making precise performance analysis difficult or impossible.
AMD introduced methods to mitigate some of these drawbacks. For example, the Opteron processors have implemented in 2007 a technique known as Instruction Based Sampling (or IBS). AMD's implementation of IBS provides hardware counters for both fetch sampling (the front of the superscalar pipeline) and op sampling (the back of the pipeline). This results in discrete performance data associating retired instructions with the "parent" AMD64 instruction.
See also
perf (Linux)
Row hammer
References
Central processing unit
Profilers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Cook%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | William Randall Cook (November 21, 1963 – October 27, 2021) was an American computer scientist, who was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Sciences at the University of Texas at Austin.
Early life and education
Cook was born on November 21, 1963. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from Brown University in 1989.
Career
Cook's research concentrated on object-oriented programming, programming languages, modeling languages, and the interface between programming languages and databases. Prior to joining UT in 2003, he was chief technology officer and co-founder of Allegis Corporation, where he was chief architect for several award-winning products, including the eBusiness Suite at Allegis, the writer's Solution for Prentice Hall, and the AppleScript language at Apple Computer.
Cook won the Senior Dahl–Nygaard Prize in 2014.
Personal life
Cook died on October 27, 2021, at the age of 57.
Selected papers
Inheritance is not subtyping, Proceedings of the 17th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages (1990)
AppleScript. Proceedings of the third ACM SIGPLAN conference on History of programming languages (HOPL III) Pages 1–21 ACM, 2007.
References
External links
Home page at University of Texas
Papers and citations according to Google Scholar.
Publications as listed in DBLP.
1963 births
2021 deaths
American chief technology officers
American computer scientists
Brown University alumni
University of Texas at Austin faculty
Dahl–Nygaard Prize |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NACEVI | NACEVI (NAtional CEnter for VIdeo) is a Czech content delivery network operated by Visual Unity. It is partially financed by the Czech government through the Czech Broadband Forum.
NACEVI serves Windows Media format for audio and video. It is transparent for use of Digital Rights Management. Total streaming capacity is about 10 Gbit/s. Traffic management is optimised for the Czech republic.
Distribution for IPv6 is also available.
External links
NACEVI
Internet technology companies of the Czech Republic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Jazeera%20Documentary%20Channel | Al Jazeera Documentary Channel (Arabic: الجزيرة الوثائقية) is a pan-Arab satellite Arabic language film and documentary channel and a branch of the Al Jazeera Media Network based in Doha, Qatar.
It was launched at 12:00 GMT on 1 January 2007. It aims to provide viewers with high quality documentary films. These films cover topics including historical, scientific, political, artistic, and travel issues.
The channel produces 15% of its broadcast material in-house, while obtaining the rest from Arab and global producers. It also produces documentaries for flagship Al Jazeera and participates in commissioning and producing documentaries for other Al Jazeera channels like Al Jazeera English under the Al Jazeera World documentary branch. The channel is housed in a separate building on the Al Jazeera Media Network block of Qatar Radio and Television Corporation complex in Wadi Al Sail West within Doha, Qatar.
As the Al Jazeera Documentary Channel is broadcast in the Arab language, it primarily produces content for Arab viewers. The channel is said to focus on five areas: Informatics, Awareness,health, Technical and Interestingness.
Informatics: To provide new information to viewers in the areas under discussion in the movies.
Technical: The drafting of technical and quality required in the global offering of movies to respect the visual and aesthetic taste of the viewer, and also to respect the technical standards of the nature of this kind of art documentary.
Interestingness: Raising the level of product supply in case a movie follow-up is produced for each of the documentaries.
The Manager of Al Jazeera Documentary Channel is Ahmed Mahfouz.
Programming
Al Jazeera Documentary Channel concentrates on presenting documentaries from the following five fields:
History / Archaeology
News / Current Affairs / Politics
Discovery / Exploration / Ethnology
Science / Technology
Health / Wellness
Frequencies
See also
The Crusades, An Arab Perspective
References
External links
Official website
Programme Schedule
More information about Al Jazeera Documentary Channel
Al Jazeera
Television channels and stations established in 2007
Arabic-language television stations
Documentary television channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quararibea%20cordata | Quararibea cordata, the South American sapote or chupa-chupa, is a large, semi-deciduous, fruit tree (up to 45m in height), native to Amazon rainforest vegetation in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It bears orange-yellow fruit which are soft, juicy, sweet and contain 2-5 seeds. Fruit is usually eaten out of hand, though it may be juiced.
Although generally popular, the fruit is variable in quality, with some trees producing insipid or fibrous fruits and little work has been done in establishing preferred cultivars. It grows best in wet, deep soils, but can be killed by floods.
Distribution
Quararibea cordata is native to the foothills of the Andes, and is common throughout parts of Brazil, Venezuela, and Colombia, as well as rural southern Panama. However, it is not widely cultivated.
Chupa-chupa has failed to gain much international recognition and has not been widely planted outside its native range. In 1964, US pomologist Bill Whitman obtained seeds from Peru and planted a tree in his garden at Bal Harbour, Florida, where it has successfully fruited.
References
External links
CIRAD-FLHOR/IPGRI: Matisia cordata
Morton, Julia F., 1987. Chupa-chupa. p. 291–292. In: Fruits of warm climates. Julia F. Morton, Miami, FL.
cordata
Trees of the Amazon rainforest
Tropical fruit
Trees of Brazil
Trees of Colombia
Trees of Ecuador
Trees of Peru
Crops originating from the Americas
Crops originating from Brazil
Crops originating from Peru
Crops originating from Colombia
Crops originating from Ecuador
Flora of the Amazon
Taxa named by Aimé Bonpland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20O%27Rear | Charles O'Rear (born November 26, 1941) is an American photographer. His image Bliss is the default desktop wallpaper of Microsoft's Windows XP operating system. O'Rear started his career with the daily newspapers Emporia Gazette, The Kansas City Star, and Los Angeles Times; worked for National Geographic magazine; and was part of the Environmental Protection Agency's DOCUMERICA project. He began photographing winemaking in 1978.
Since 1998, O'Rear has been associated with Corbis, a Seattle-based stock photo company owned by co-founder and former chairman of Microsoft, Bill Gates. Corbis was bought by Visual China Group in 2016, who now distribute his Corbis images on Getty Images.
Early life and career
O'Rear was born in Butler, Missouri, in 1941 and first handled a Brownie camera when he was 10. As a child, he wanted to be a pilot and got his license at the age of 16. He attended State Teachers College and started his career as a sports reporter for the Butler Daily Democrat. In 1961, he joined the daily newspaper Emporia Gazette as a photographer, and in 1962 The Kansas City Star as a reporter-photographer and, in 1966, he moved to Los Angeles to join as a staff photographer for the Los Angeles Times.
In 1971, National Geographic magazine hired O'Rear to document the lives of Russian villagers in Alaska who called themselves Old Believers. In 1978, the magazine sent him to Napa Valley to photograph the wine region. O'Rear became interested in wine photography and shifted his base to the valley to photograph the region. In 1985, he traveled to Indonesia for another assignment for the magazine where he carried 500 rolls of film and took 15,000 photos. O'Rear has appeared on National Geographic magazine's cover twice: once as "Bird Man" flying an ultralight aircraft and later for the other photograph shown him holding a computer chip in his hand. O'Rear had been associated with the magazine for nearly 25 years (1971 to 1995) and has photographed in 30 countries and every state in the USA. For the magazine, he photographed 25 articles ranging in topics including the Mexican Riviera, Siberia, Canada, Silicon Valley and Napa Valley. While working with National Geographic, he learned to use small strobes and taught the subject for 11 years at the Santa Fe Photographic Workshop.
From 1972 to 1975, O'Rear was part of the Environmental Protection Agency's DOCUMERICA project, aimed at "photographically documenting the subjects of environmental concern in America during the 1970s" along with 70 other photographers including Bill Strode, Danny Lyon and John H. White. O'Rear is credited with the most photographs in the final DOCUMERICA collection. In 1980, he co-founded the photo agency, Westlight, with Craig Aurness, which was acquired in 1998 by Corbis. The same year, Corbis sent O'Rear around the world for a year to photograph major wine regions.
Bliss
In January 1996, O'Rear was on his way from his home in St. Helena, California, in the Napa Vall |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20metering | Software metering is the monitoring and controlling of software for analytics and the enforcement of agreements. It can be either passive, where data is simply collected and no action is taken, or active, where access is restricted for enforcement.
Types
Software metering refers to several areas:
Tracking and maintaining software licenses. One needs to make sure that only the allowed number of licenses are in use, and at the same time, that there are enough licenses for everyone using it. This can include monitoring of concurrent usage of software for real-time enforcement of license limits. Such license monitoring usually includes when a license needs to be updated due to version changes or when upgrades or even rebates are possible.
Real-time monitoring of all (or selected) applications running on the computers within the organization in order to detect unregistered or unlicensed software and prevent its execution, or limit its execution to within certain hours. The systems administrator can configure the software metering agent on each computer in the organization, for example, to prohibit the execution of games before 17:00.
Fixed planning to allocate software usage to computers according to the policies a company specifies and to maintain a record of usage and attempted usage. A company can check out and check in licenses for mobile users, and can also keep a record of all licenses in use. This is often used when limited license counts are available to avoid violating strict license controls.
A method of software licensing where the licensed software automatically records how many times, or for how long one or more functions in the software are used, and the user pays fees based on this actual usage (also known as 'pay-per-use')
References
See also
License manager
Product activation
Software license
Systems management
System administration
Key server (software licensing)
License Statistics
System administration
Computer systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECL%20programming%20language | The ECL programming language and system were an extensible high-level programming language and development environment developed at Harvard University in the 1970s. The name 'ECL' stood for 'Extensible Computer Language' or 'EClectic Language'. Some publications used the name 'ECL' for the system as a whole and EL/1 (Extensible Language) for the language.
ECL was an interactive system where programs were represented within the system; there was a compatible compiler and interpreter. It had an ALGOL-like syntax and an extensible data type system, with data types as first-class citizens. Data objects were values, not references, and the calling conventions gave a choice between call by value and call by reference for each argument.
ECL was primarily used for research and teaching in programming language design, programming methodology (in particular programming by transformational refinement), and programming environments at Harvard, though it was said to be used at some government agencies as well. It was first implemented on the PDP-10, with a later (interpreted-only) implementation on the PDP-11 written in BLISS-11 and cross-compiled on the PDP-10.
Procedures and bind-classes
An ECL procedure for computing the greatest common divisor of two integers according to the Euclidean algorithm could be defined as follows:
gcd <-
EXPR(m:INT BYVAL, n: INT BYVAL; INT)
BEGIN
DECL r:INT;
REPEAT
r <- rem(m, n);
r = 0 => n;
m <- n;
n <- r;
END;
END
This is an assignment of a procedure constant to the variable gcd. The line
EXPR(m:INT BYVAL, n: INT BYVAL; INT)
indicates that the procedure takes two parameters, of type INT, named m and n, and returns a result of type INT. (Data types are called modes in ECL.) The bind-class BYVAL in each parameter declaration indicates that that parameter is passed by value. The computational components of an ECL program are called forms. Some forms resemble the expressions of other programming languages and others resemble statements. The execution of a form always yields a value. The REPEAT ... END construct is a loop form. Execution of the construct
r = 0 => n
when the form r = 0 evaluates to TRUE causes execution of the loop to terminate with the value n. The value of the last statement in a block (BEGIN ... END) form becomes the value of the block form. The value of the form in a procedure declaration becomes the result of the procedure call.
In addition to the bind-class BYVAL, ECL has bind-classes SHARED, LIKE, UNEVAL, and LISTED. Bind-class SHARED indicates that a parameter is to be passed by reference. Bind-class LIKE causes a parameter to be passed by reference if possible and by value if not (e.g., if the actual parameter is a pure value, or a variable to which a type conversion must be applied). Bind-class UNEVAL specifies that an abstract syntax tree for the actual parameter is to be passed to the formal parameter; this provides extraordinary fle |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINZ%20%28AM%29 | WINZ (940 kHz) is a sports formatted AM radio station that serves Miami-Fort Lauderdale and their suburbs. The station primarily airs syndicated programming from Fox Sports Radio with some local sports talk and game coverage. Its daytime signal reaches as far north as Ft. Pierce, as far west as Ft. Myers and Naples, and as far south as Cuba. The station has managed to score ratings in the Ft. Myers-Naples radio market despite its transmitter being over 100 miles away.
WINZ's studios are located in Pembroke Pines and the transmitter site is in Miami Gardens.
The station was originally a 3-tower directional day with 46,000 watts to protect the FCC monitoring station just to the north. Gannett management was successful in having the FCC monitoring stations moved to Vero Beach, which opened up the station for increased power. Later that year WINZ applied for and received the ability to broadcast during day with 50,000 watts non-directional. During nighttime hours (sunset to sunrise) the WINZ directional skywave pattern must not interfere with stations in Canada and Mexico. Those countries have Class A Clear Channel rights to the 940 kHz frequency. Those stations are XEQ-AM in Mexico City, and a station allocation in Montreal previously occupied by CINW, which fell silent in February 2010; however, the allocation still exists by international treaty, and will soon be occupied by a new station.
On February 17, 1981, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted WINZ special temporary authority to transmit with 25,000 watts at night instead of the 10,000 watts for which it is licensed. A station in Cuba causes interference and consequently a loss of service in some areas of WINZ's listening area. This authority has been renewed regularly since then.
From the late 1950s and into the early 1960s, WINZ went head-to-head with top 40 WQAM at night, featuring Bob Green, from 7pm to 11pm. When Green left the station, he was replaced by "Cousin Brucie" Bruce Morrow. Morrow left the station to begin a legendary career at WABC (AM), in New York City. He is now with SiriusXM. By coincidence, both WINZ and WQAM are Sports Radio stations today.
WINZ was an all-news radio station from June 18, 1975, until July 12, 2004, when WINZ became a progressive talk station. Former talk-hosts included Al Franken, Randi Rhodes, Mike Malloy, Stephanie Miller, Lionel, Neil Rogers, Thom Hartmann and Don Imus. Traffic reporters for WINZ were South Florida's traffic reporting veterans Trish Anderson in the 1980s and George Sheldon from 1988-1997 then again from 2003-2006. Frank Mottek worked as an anchor and reporter for WINZ from 1981 to 1992 before joining CBS station KNX (AM) Los Angeles in 1992. From 1985 to 1991, he broadcast the live descriptions of all space shuttle launches for the CBS Radio Network which aired on WINZ. Before the station adopted progressive talk as its format, it was 940 Fox Sports Radio, an all-sports station that competed with WQAM and WAXY |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WQVN | WQVN (1360 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station, licensed to North Miami and serving South Florida. It is owned by Nelson Voltaire, with the license held by Radio Piment Bouk. Programming is in the French Creole language, and is targeted at listeners from Haiti.
By day, WQVN is powered at 9,300 watts non-directional. But at night, to reduce interference to other stations on 1360 AM, it reduces power to 400 watts. The transmitter is on NE 71st Street in Miami. Programming is also heard on 250-watt FM translator W272DS at 102.3 MHz.
History
WKAT was first licensed by the FCC on December 3, 1937 to operate on 1500 kHz, transmitting from North Bay Road in Miami Beach. The original licensee was Miami Beach mayor A. Frank Katzentine. The frequency was moved to 1330 kHz in 1940, and the current 1360 kHz on the "Radio Moving Day" on March 29, 1941.
In the 1940s, singer-songwriter Arthur Fields worked at the station while in semi-retirement when the station had a popular music format.
WKAT spent the 1960s and 1970s as a Miami Beach-based local talk station.
Prior to 2005, WKAT had been South Florida's last remaining classical music station.
The conservative talk radio format began in 2005 with a lineup that resembled other outlets owned by Salem Communications: Michael Medved, Laura Ingraham, Hugh Hewitt, Michael Savage, and William Bennett among others. And like the other stations, its tagline was "Where Your Opinion Counts."
In 2005–06, WKAT was the radio station that carried games of the Florida Pit Bulls, a defunct franchise in the American Basketball Association, later joining the Continental Basketball Association, as the Miami Majesty.
WKAT next began airing Salem Communications' "Radio Luz" Spanish-language Christian format, which also airs on sister station WWDJ 1150 in Boston.
On December 11, 2017, Salem Media Group sold WKAT to Miami-Haitian broadcaster and activist Nelson Voltaire, known under his on-air name “Piman Bouk.” The station switched to Haitian language programming under an LMA in January 2018.
Salem retained the Radio Luz format and iconic Miami “WKAT” callsign and moved them to sister station WHIM. The station on 1360 AM concurrently changed its call sign to the current WQVN.
Larry King
Larry King's early radio career was spent at WKAT, where he hosted a morning show at Pumpernik's restaurant on Miami Beach, interviewing entertainers working in Miami, including Jackie Gleason and Frank Sinatra.
Neil Rogers
For two years, WKAT 1360 AM was the South Florida home for talk radio host Neil Rogers, who debuted on the station in March 1976 in the 3 to 6 PM afternoon drive shift and left in 1978.
Previous logo
References
External links
QVN
Radio stations established in 1964
1964 establishments in Florida |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20bug | A security bug or security defect is a software bug that can be exploited to gain unauthorized access or privileges on a computer system. Security bugs introduce security vulnerabilities by compromising one or more of:
Authentication of users and other entities
Authorization of access rights and privileges
Data confidentiality
Data integrity
Security bugs do not need be identified nor exploited to be qualified as such and are assumed to be much more common than known vulnerabilities in almost any system.
Causes
Security bugs, like all other software bugs, stem from root causes that can generally be traced to either absent or inadequate:
Software developer training
Use case analysis
Software engineering methodology
Quality assurance testing
and other best practices
Taxonomy
Security bugs generally fall into a fairly small number of broad categories that include:
Memory safety (e.g. buffer overflow and dangling pointer bugs)
Race condition
Secure input and output handling
Faulty use of an API
Improper use case handling
Improper exception handling
Resource leaks, often but not always due to improper exception handling
Preprocessing input strings before they are checked for being acceptable
Mitigation
See software security assurance.
See also
Computer security
Hacking: The Art of Exploitation
IT risk
Threat (computer)
Vulnerability (computing)
Hardware bug
Secure coding
References
Further reading
Computer security
Software bugs
Software testing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALGOL%2068-R | ALGOL 68-R was the first implementation of the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68.
In December 1968, the report on the Algorithmic Language ALGOL 68 was published. On 20–24 July 1970 a working conference was arranged by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) to discuss the problems of implementing the language, a small team from the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE) attended to present their compiler, written by I. F. Currie, Susan G. Bond,
and J. D. Morrison. In the face of estimates of up to 100 man-years to implement the language, using multi-pass compilers with up to seven passes, they described how they had already implemented a one-pass compiler which was in production for engineering and scientific uses.
The compiler
The ALGOL 68-R compiler was initially written in a local dialect of ALGOL 60 with extensions for address manipulation and list processing. The parser was written using J. M. Foster's Syntax Improving Device (SID) parser generator.
The first version of the compiler occupied 34 K words. It was later rewritten in ALGOL 68-R, taking around 36 K words to compile most programs.
ALGOL 68-R was implemented under the George 3 operating system on an ICL 1907F. The compiler was distributed at no charge by International Computers Limited (ICL) on behalf of the Royal Radar Establishment (RRE).
Restrictions in the language compiled
To allow one pass compiling, ALGOL 68-R implemented a subset of the language defined in the original report:
Identifiers, modes and operators must be specified before use.
No automatic proceduring
Explicit VOID mode
No formal declarers
No parallel processing
GOTO may not be omitted
Uniting is only valid in strong positions
Many of these restrictions were adopted by the revised report on ALGOL 68.
Specification before use
To allow compiling in one pass ALGOL 68-R insisted that all identifiers were specified (declared) before use.
The standard program:
PROC even = (INT number) BOOL: ( number = 0 | TRUE | odd (ABS (number - 1)));
PROC odd = (INT number) BOOL: ( number = 0 | FALSE | even (ABS (number - 1)));
would have to be rewritten as:
PROC (INT) BOOL odd;
PROC even = (INT number) BOOL : ( number = 0 | TRUE | odd (ABS (number - 1)));
odd := (INT number) BOOL : ( number = 0 | FALSE | even (ABS (number - 1)));
To allow recursive declarations of modes (types) a special stub mode declaration was used to inform the compiler that an up-coming symbol was a mode rather than an operator:
MODE B;
MODE A = STRUCT (REF B b);
MODE B = [1:10] REF A;
No proceduring
In the standard language the proceduring coercion could, in a strong context, convert an expression of some type into a procedure returning that type. This could be used to implement call by name.
Another case where proceduring was used was the declaration of procedures, in the declaration:
PROC x plus 1 = INT : x + 1;
the right hand side was a cast of x + 1 to integer, which was then converted to procedure returning integer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thru%20the%20Moebius%20Strip | Thru the Moebius Strip () is a 2005 Chinese computer-animated science fiction adventure film made in Mainland China.
Plot
The story is about the coming of age of a 14-year-old boy who grew up refusing to accept the loss of his father. He reaches the planet Raphicca 27.2 million light years away to find that his father is a prisoner in a kingdom of giant aliens who believe in magic and a medieval code of chivalry. In the midst of a raging battle between good and evil, Jac rescues his father, his new-found family of aliens, the planet of Raphicca, and ultimately, the universe.
Background
The film was produced in Shenzhen, China by the Institute of Digital Media Technology (IDMT). The project began with 200 animators in 2000 and grew to employ more than 400 by the end of production. Unlike traditional Chinese films, the movie was dubbed into English first. Previewed at the Second International Animation and Cartoon Festival at Hangzhou, China on April 27 and May 3, 2006, The film was based on an original story and designs by Jean "Moebius" Giraud.
Characters
Reception
Box office
The film earned at the Chinese box office.
Critical reception
The film premiered at the Cannes Film Festival in 2005 and received good reviews for the animation work. However film critics have emphasized that the story was mostly catered to the west with eastern elements added in, making it difficult to satisfy any group of audience in any one particular region.
See also
History of Chinese animation
List of computer-animated films
List of animated feature films
References
External links
Official Thru the Moebius Website - archive.org
IDMT Website
GDC entertainment
2005 animated films
2005 science fiction films
2000s action drama films
2005 fantasy films
2005 computer-animated films
2005 films
2005 drama films
American animated science fiction films
English-language Chinese films
Chinese animated science fiction films
Space adventure films
Films produced by David Kirschner
2000s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linter%20SQL%20RDBMS | Linter SQL RDBMS is the main product of RELEX Group. Linter is a Russian DBMS compliant with the SQL:2003 standard and supporting the majority of operating systems, among them Windows, various versions of Unix, QNX, and others. The system enables transparent interaction between the client applications and the database server functioning in different hardware and software environments. DBMS Linter includes program interfaces for the majority of popular development tools. The system provides a high data security level allowing the user to work with secret information. Linter is the only DBMS certified by FSTEC of Russia as compliant with Class 2 data security requirements and Level 2 of undeclared feature absence control. For many years Linter has been used by Russian Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and other government bodies.
History
The history of Linter dates back to 1980. The system has domestic predecessors whose developers later took direct part in the creation of Linter. By 1983, according to a state order, the Voronezh construction design office "Systemprogramm" had successfully completed the relational DBMS "BARS" under the real-time operating system "RAFOS" (RT-11 prototype) for computers of the SM set. Since 1985, the system developers accepted the mobility, compatibility and openness concept. As a result, DBMS "INTEREAL" was implemented.
The system covered a wide spectrum of hardware and software platforms, from "Electronika-85" and Intel 8086 control modules to SM1702 and "Electronika-82" computer complexes and their VAX prototypes. In 1990, the DBMS development team founded the research-and-production company "RELEX" ("Relational Expert Systems"). At this time DBMS Linter was launched.
In the late 1990s, Linter-VS 6.0 was developed as part of a project performed by RELEX for the Russian Ministry of Defense. The prototype of the system was Linter 5.7 (1999) developed by RELEX. Linter-VS 6.0 is available only for OS MSVS (mobile system of the armed forces). There also exists Linter-VS 6.0.1 developed in VNIINS based on PostgreSQL 7.2 This system is also available for OS MSVS.RelX Embedded, a compact American/Japanese-developed version of Linter is implemented in Sony products, including a Linter phone (Sony Ericsson SO903i), as well as a Kenwood Navigation System ("HDD[Smá:t]Navi Emotional Sound" HDV-990 and HDV-790).
References
External links
Linter Official Website in English
Linter Official Website in Russian
Linter Japanese Website
RDBMS Linter SQL at SAL (Scientific Applications on Linux), MSU
RELEX Group
Proprietary database management systems
OS/2 software
MacOS database-related software
Solaris software
Unix software
Relational database management software for Linux
Windows database-related software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP-Illinois | TCP-Illinois is a variant of TCP congestion control protocol, developed at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. It is especially targeted at high-speed, long-distance networks. A sender side modification to the standard TCP congestion control algorithm, it achieves a higher average throughput than the standard TCP, allocates the network resource fairly as the standard TCP, is compatible with the standard TCP, and provides incentives for TCP users to switch.
Principles of operation
TCP-Illinois is a loss-delay based algorithm, which uses packet loss as the primary congestion signal to determine the direction of window size change, and uses queuing delay as the secondary congestion signal to adjust the pace of window size change. Similarly to the standard TCP, TCP-Illinois increases the window size W by for each acknowledgment, and decreases by for each loss event. Unlike the standard TCP, and are not constants. Instead, they are functions of average queuing delay : , where is decreasing and is increasing.
There are numerous choices of and . One such class is:
We let and be continuous functions and thus , and . Suppose is the maximum average queuing delay and we denote , then we also have . From these conditions, we have
This specific choice is demonstrated in Figure 1.
Properties and Performance
TCP-Illinois increases the throughput much more quickly than TCP when congestion is far and increases the throughput very slowly when congestion is imminent. As a result, the window curve is concave and the average throughput achieved is much larger than the standard TCP, see Figure 2.
It also has many other desirable features, like fairness, compatibility with the standard TCP, providing incentive for TCP users to switch, robust against inaccurate delay measurement.
See also
H-TCP
BIC TCP
HSTCP
TCP
FAST TCP
References
External links
TCP-Illinois Homepage
Paper on experimental evaluation of TCP Illinois Hamilton Institute and Caltech, March 2008.
Illinois
Internet Standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-local%20address | In computer networking, a link-local address is a unicast network address that is valid only for communications within the subnetwork that the host is connected to. Link-local addresses are most often assigned automatically with a process known as stateless address autoconfiguration or link-local address autoconfiguration, also known as automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) or auto-IP.
Link-local addresses are not guaranteed to be unique beyond their network segment. Therefore, routers do not forward packets with link-local source or destination addresses.
IPv4 link-local addresses are assigned from address block ( through ). In IPv6, they are assigned from the block .
Address assignment
Link-local addresses may be assigned manually by an administrator or by automatic operating system procedures. In Internet Protocol (IP) networks, they are assigned most often using stateless address autoconfiguration, a process that often uses a stochastic process to select the value of link-local addresses, assigning a pseudo-random address that is different for each session. However, in IPv6 the link-local address may be derived from the interface media access control (MAC) address in a rule-based method, although this is deprecated for privacy and security reasons.
In IPv4, link-local addresses are normally only used when no external, stateful mechanism of address configuration exists, such as the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), or when another primary configuration method has failed. In IPv6, link-local addresses are always assigned, along with addresses of other scopes, and are required for the internal functioning of various protocol components.
IPv4
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has reserved the IPv4 address block () for link-local addressing. The entire range may be used for this purpose, except for the first 256 and last 256 addresses ( and ), which are reserved for future use and must not be selected by a host using this dynamic configuration mechanism. Link-local addresses are assigned to interfaces by host-internal, i.e. stateless, address autoconfiguration when other means of address assignment are not available.
The simultaneous use of IPv4 addresses of different scope on the same interface, such as configuring link-local addresses as well as globally routable addresses, may lead to confusion and increased complexity. Therefore, hosts search for a DHCP server on the network before assigning link-local addresses.
In the automatic address configuration process, network hosts select a random candidate address within the reserved range and use Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) probes to ascertain that the address is not in use on the network. If a reply is received to the ARP probe, it indicates the candidate IP address is already in use; a new random candidate IP address is then created and the process repeated. The process ends when there is no reply to the ARP, indicating the candidate IP address is available.
Wh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byron%20Pitts | Byron Pitts (born October 21, 1960) is an American journalist and author, working for ABC News as co-anchor for the network's late night news program, Nightline. Until March 2013, he served as a chief national correspondent for The CBS Evening News and contributed regularly to 60 Minutes.
Early life
Pitts was born October 21, 1960, to Clarice and William Pitts in Baltimore, Maryland. He grew up in a working-class neighborhood, raised by a single mother. In his memoir, Pitts discussed that he had a debilitating stutter as a child and was "functionally illiterate" until about age 12. He attended Archbishop Curley High School, an all-boys Catholic high school in Baltimore. He went on to Ohio Wesleyan University, but spent summers in Apex, North Carolina. He graduated in 1982 with a bachelor's degree in journalism and speech communication.
Career
Pitts has always wanted to be a journalist. It was his goal, since he was 18 years old, to be a correspondent on the CBS show 60 Minutes. He interned at WTVD in Durham, North Carolina. After graduation, he bounced around to various television stations on the East Coast. During 1983–84, he reported and served as weekend sports anchor at WNCT-TV in Greenville, North Carolina He was a military reporter for WAVY-TV in Portsmouth, Virginia (1984–86) and a reporter for WESH-TV Orlando (1986–88). He moved across the Florida peninsula to Tampa to be a reporter and substitute anchor for WFLA-TV (1988–89). After a brief stint there, he moved to Boston as a special assignment reporter for WCVB-TV (1989–94). His last local job was as a general assignment reporter for WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia (1994–96).
Pitts then moved to Washington, D.C. as a correspondent for CBS Newspath, the 24-hour affiliate news service of CBS News (1997–98). He was named a CBS News correspondent in May 1998, and was based in the Miami (1998–99) and Atlanta (1999–2001) bureaus and eventually New York City in January 2001.
Pitts was one of CBS News' lead reporters during the September 11 attacks and won a national Emmy Award for his coverage. As an embedded reporter covering the Iraq War, he was recognized for his work under fire within minutes of the fall of the Saddam Hussein statue. Other major stories covered by Pitts include Hurricane Katrina, the war in Afghanistan, the military buildup in Kuwait, the Florida fires, the Elian Gonzalez story, the Florida Presidential recount, the mudslides in Central America and the refugee crisis in Kosovo.
Pitts other awards include a national Emmy Award for his coverage of the Chicago train wreck in 1999 and a National Association of Black Journalists Award (2002). He is also the recipient of four Associated Press Awards and six regional Emmy Awards.
Pitts published a memoir, Step Out on Nothing: How Faith and Family Helped Me Conquer Life's Challenges on September 29, 2009.
See also
New Yorkers in journalism
References
Websites
Byron Pitts Biography on ABCNews.com
1960 births
Living peopl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SYM-1 | The SYM-1 is a single board "trainer" computer produced by Synertek Systems in 1975. It was designed by Ray Holt. Originally called the VIM-1 (Versatile Input Monitor), that name was later changed to SYM-1.
The SYM-1 is a close copy of the popular MOS Technology KIM-1 system, with which it is compatible to a large extent. Compared to the KIM-1, enhancements include the ability to run on a single +5 volt power supply, an enhanced monitor ROM, three configurable ROM/EPROM sockets, RAM expandable on board to , an RS-232 serial port, and a "high speed" (, the KIM-1 supports about 8 bytes/second) audio cassette storage interface. It also features on-board buffer circuits to ease interfacing to "high voltage or high current" devices.
One capability of the SYM-1 is its ability to allow an oscilloscope to be added to provide a 32 character display under software control. As explained in Chapter 7 of the "SYM Reference Manual", the vertical input, ground and trigger input of the oscilloscope are to be connected to the "Scope Out" connector AA on the SYM-1 board. The "Oscilloscope Output Driver Software" code provided in this chapter of the manual is to be entered into the SYM-1's memory and executed to enable the oscilloscope display. This code provides control of the oscilloscope display, as well as a rudimentary character set. Resistors R42 and R45 are to be adjusted to refine the displayed image.
Synertek sold ROMs which could be installed to add the BASIC programming language or a Resident Assembler/Editor (RAE). Synertek contracted with a company called Eastern House Software to port their Macro Assembler/Editor (MAE) into an ROM. The author of MAE, RAE, and another version sold by Skyles Electric Works was Carl Moser. MAE was sold in various forms not only for the SYM-1 but also for other 6502-based computers including Commodore, Atari, KIM, and Apple. Other forms of MAE included a cross assembler for 6800 and 8085—and an offering of these cross assemblers was planned for RAE.
One of the more subtle features of the SYM-1 is the use of a look up table in the low memory of the 6502. This provides a vectoring function in its operating system to redirect subroutine calls to various input and output drivers, including interrupt servicing. Users are able to develop their own interface routines, and substitute new vectors for the original vectors in the startup UV-EPROM. This seamlessly maintains the normal operation of the board's monitor and languages such as Synertek Systems BASIC. One of the later home/education computers that uses this concept extensively is the BBC Micro produced by Acorn Computers in the UK. Some of the other computer designers of this era failed to grasp the significance of this elegant use of vectors to the software mapping of new developments in hardware.
See also
Microprocessor development board
Elektor Junior Computer
AIM-65
References
External links
SYM-1 page at 6502.org
SYM-1 page at ParhamData.com
The SYM-1 a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous%20computing | Amorphous computing refers to computational systems that use very large numbers of identical, parallel processors each having limited computational ability and local interactions. The term Amorphous Computing was coined at MIT in 1996 in a paper entitled "Amorphous Computing Manifesto" by Abelson, Knight, Sussman, et al.
Examples of naturally occurring amorphous computations can be found in many fields, such as: developmental biology (the development of multicellular organisms from a single cell), molecular biology (the organization of sub-cellular compartments and intra-cell signaling), neural networks, and chemical engineering (non-equilibrium systems) to name a few. The study of amorphous computation is hardware agnostic—it is not concerned with the physical substrate (biological, electronic, nanotech, etc.) but rather with the characterization of amorphous algorithms as abstractions with the goal of both understanding existing natural examples and engineering novel systems.
Amorphous computers tend to have many of the following properties:
Implemented by redundant, potentially faulty, massively parallel devices.
Devices having limited memory and computational abilities.
Devices being asynchronous.
Devices having no a priori knowledge of their location.
Devices communicating only locally.
Exhibit emergent or self-organizational behavior (patterns or states larger than an individual device).
Fault-tolerant, especially to the occasional malformed device or state perturbation.
Algorithms, tools, and patterns
(Some of these algorithms have no known names. Where a name is not known, a descriptive one is given.)
"Fickian communication". Devices communicate by generating messages which diffuse through the medium in which the devices dwell. Message strength will follow the inverse square law as described by Fick's law of diffusion. Examples of such communication are common in biological and chemical systems.
"Link diffusive communication". Devices communicate by propagating messages down links wired from device to device. Unlike "Fickian communication", there is not necessarily a diffusive medium in which the devices dwell and thus the spatial dimension is irrelevant and Fick's Law is not applicable. Examples are found in Internet routing algorithms such as the Diffusing Update Algorithm. Most algorithms described in the amorphous computing literature assume this kind of communication.
"Wave Propagation". (Ref 1) A device emits a message with an encoded hop-count. Devices which have not seen the message previously, increment the hop count, and re-broadcast. A wave propagates through the medium and the hop-count across the medium will effectively encode a distance gradient from the source.
"Random ID". Each device gives itself a random id, the random space being sufficiently large to preclude duplicates.
"Growing-point program". (Coore). Processes that move among devices according to 'tropism' (movement of an organism due to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snack%20Attack | Snack Attack is a maze action video game developed by Dan Illowsky for the Apple II family of computers. It was published by Datamost in 1981.
Gameplay
The player controls the Snacker, a small, white, fish-like character, and moves through a maze to "eat" all the gumdrops scattered throughout. Gumdrop Guards, four enemies that patrol the maze, attempt to catch the Snacker. There are green and purple barriers that can only be crossed by the Snacker and the Guards, respectively.
The character can move in four directions, allowing the player to escape the Gumdrop Guards.
By eating one of several "magic stars" in the maze, the Snacker gains a set of sharp teeth and can briefly eat the guards for bonus points, sending them back to their home base to regenerate. Occasionally, a giant jack-o-lantern appears and can be eaten for bonus points. Once all the gumdrops have been cleared, the player begins the next maze at a faster speed. The game cycles through three different mazes. The game cannot be paused; however, one of the three mazes contains a small area that the Guards cannot enter. The player can leave the Snacker there indefinitely.
Reception
The game debuted in October 1981, and sold 25,000 copies by June 1982, tied for fourth on Computer Gaming Worlds list of top sellers. Snack Attack won an award in the category of "Best Solitaire Computer Game" at the 4th annual Arkie Awards, where judges praised its "multiple mazes, charming graphics and sound effects, and well-nigh-addictive play action". The game's color-coded doors were also described as "another big plus, adding an extra dollop of strategy". David H. Ahl of Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games said of Snack Attack and Jawbreaker, that "for Pac-Man fans, either is recommended.
Legacy
The sequel, Snack Attack II, is an IBM PC compatible-only game co-authored with Michael Abrash and published by Funtastic.
References
1982 video games
Apple II games
Apple II-only games
Datamost games
Maze games
North America-exclusive video games
Pac-Man clones
Video games about food and drink
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games
Funtastic games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communications%2C%20Computers%2C%20and%20Networks | The Scientific American special issue on Communications, Computers, and Networks is a special issue of Scientific American dedicated to articles concerning impending changes to the Internet in the period prior to the expansion and mainstreaming of the World Wide Web via Mosaic and Netscape. This issue contained essays by a number of important computer science and internet pioneers. It bore the promotional cover title Scientific American presents the September 1991 Single Copy Issue: Communications, Computers, and Networks.
Reviews
University of California, Berkeley's September 1991 online journal, "Current Cites" commented: "Scientific American Special Issue on Communications, Computers and Networks 265(3) (September 1991): If you purchase a single issue of a magazine this year, this should be it. Filled with eleven articles by some of the biggest names in computer networking, this issue covers all bases and includes suggestions for further readings on the issues." In addition, a 4 September 1991 post to the University of Houston's "Computer System's Forum" also recommends the issue, stating: "These articles cover enough ground that I would recommend the issue to people getting ready to dive into the Internet or understand what is happening in networks these days." An additional post to this same forum on 21 August 1991 comments: "The authors are exceptional, including Mitch Kapor, Mark Weiser, Nicholas Negroponte, Alan Kay, Al Gore, and many others. An excellent issue."
Response
Of this issue, the Electronic Frontier Foundation stated in the article "Scientific American's September Issue to be Sent to All EFF Members" in its September 1991 newsletter:
This month's Scientific American ("Communications, Computers, and Networks") must surely represent the most complete collection of articles and commentary on all aspects of networking to date. As such we feel strongly that it should be made available to as many people as possible. Because of this, we have purchased a large number of copies of this issue that we will be using for various purposes over the coming year. The first use will be to deliver a free copy of to all our members. We are expecting the magazines to be delivered to us at the end of next week and they will go out to our members soon after. We realize that many of our members may already have a copy of their own, but if so we trust that they will use this extra copy to educate and enlighten someone else to the issues and potential of networking.
Table of contents
Gary Stix: "Profile: Information Theorist David A. Huffman"
Michael Dertouzos: "Communications, Computers and Networks"
Vint Cerf: "Networks"
Larry Tesler: "Networked Computing in the 1990s"
Mark Weiser: "The Computer for the 21st Century"
Nicholas Negroponte: "Products and Services for Computer Networks"
Lee Sproull and Sara Kiesler: "Computers, Networks and Work"
Thomas W. Malone and John F. Rockart: "Computers, Networks and the Corporation" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swashbuckler%20%28video%20game%29 | Swashbuckler is a fighting game created by Paul Stephenson for the Apple II and published by Datamost in 1982. The player controls a sword-wielding swashbuckler who must fight and dispatch various attackers. Combat occurs in a wooden-beamed ship's hold littered with skeletons and cobwebs, which the player views from the side.
The game was translated into Bulgarian under the name "Авантюрист" (Adventurer).
Gameplay
The fighter's actions are controlled with the keyboard, and include moving left or right (A and D), turning (S) and swinging the sword high (I), low (M), or lunging straight (L). The first opponent is a large, lumbering man with a spiked club; once defeated, the second opponent appears, a smaller man armed with a hatchet and a dagger. After defeating him, both return and attack together. As play progresses, more opponents are added to the fray, including enormous rats and venomous snakes. Eventually the swashbuckler progresses out of the hold to the sunlit deck, though opponents continue to be a major threat.
For each enemy dispatched, the game awards a point. The swashbuckler can withstand two hits, but the third kills him and ends the game. The difficulty steadily increases until he's overwhelmed. After 83 kills, the pattern of enemies keeps repeating and if the player manages to get 256 kills, the counter resets to zero.
Reception
Michael Cranford gave Swashbuckler a positive review in Computer Gaming World, only lamenting the rollover of the five-digit score at 250 (which was fixed prior to final publication). The review appeared with an editor's note that although the graphics were superb and the concept unusual, the players at CGW grew tired of the lack of variety after a few dozen kills. Creative Computing Video & Arcade Games said that "it's a good change of pace" for those tired of space games.
In 2016, PC Mag included Swashbuckler on a list of "7 Forgotten Apple II Gaming Classics."
References
1982 video games
Apple II games
Apple II-only games
Datamost games
Fighting games
Video games about pirates
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skirts%20%28TV%20series%29 | Skirts is an Australian television police drama broadcast on the Seven Network in 1990. Skirts was produced by Roger Le Mesurier and Roger Simpson. It was directed by Brendan Maher, Richard Sarell and Ian Gilmour. 40 episodes were produced over 3 seasons in 1990 and the series screened between April and September 1990. The last episode aired was season 2, episode 12. The final 14 episodes were never aired by the Seven Network.
Main cast
Recurring/semi-regular & guest cast
Production
Production on the pilot episode began in June 1989 in Melbourne, Victoria and it was delivered to the Seven Network by August the same year.
Skirts first aired on Wednesday 18 April 1990 with a pilot feature length episode and the first official episode was broadcast on Sunday 22 April 1990 on Channel 7.
Selected episodes of Skirts were again broadcast in 1993 on the Seven Network in a late night time slot in the hope by producer and creator Roger Simpson that the series might be revived.
Series overview
Episode list
Pilot
Season 1 (1990)
Season 2 (1990)
Aired on HSV7 in Victoria Only.
Season 3 (Not Confirmed as Broadcast)
Due to low ratings of the previous episodes It is believed that Channel 7 decided not to air any episodes from the 3rd season. However there is nothing to confirm if was or wasn't broadcast.
Home media
The copyright to Skirts is held by the producer of the show Roger Simpson.
As of 22 August 2023 Skirts Still isn't available on DVD or Any streaming sites.
See also
List of Australian television series
List of Seven Network programs
References
External links
Skirts at the Australian Television Information Archive
Skirts at the National Film and Sound Archive
1990s Australian drama television series
Seven Network original programming
1990 Australian television series debuts
1990 Australian television series endings
1990s Australian crime television series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20wireless%20data%20standards | A wide variety of different wireless data technologies exist, some in direct competition with one another, others designed for specific applications. Wireless technologies can be evaluated by a variety of different metrics of which some are described in this entry.
Standards can be grouped as follows in increasing range order:
Personal area network (PAN) systems are intended for short range communication between devices typically controlled by a single person. Some examples include wireless headsets for mobile phones or wireless heart rate sensors communicating with a wrist watch. Some of these technologies include standards such as ANT UWB, Bluetooth, Zigbee, and Wireless USB.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN / WSAN) are, generically, networks of low-power, low-cost devices that interconnect wirelessly to collect, exchange, and sometimes act-on data collected from their physical environments - "sensor networks". Nodes typically connect in a star or mesh topology. While most individual nodes in a WSAN are expected to have limited range (Bluetooth, Zigbee, 6LoWPAN, etc.), particular nodes may be capable of more expansive communications (Wi-Fi, Cellular networks, etc.) and any individual WSAN can span a wide geographical range. An example of a WSAN would be a collection of sensors arranged throughout an agricultural facility to monitor soil moisture levels, report the data back to a computer in the main office for analysis and trend modeling, and maybe turn on automatic watering spigots if the level is too low.
For wider area communications, wireless local area network (WLAN) is used. WLANs are often known by their commercial product name Wi-Fi. These systems are used to provide wireless access to other systems on the local network such as other computers, shared printers, and other such devices or even the internet. Typically a WLAN offers much better speeds and delays within the local network than an average consumer's Internet access. Older systems that provide WLAN functionality include DECT and HIPERLAN. These however are no longer in widespread use. One typical characteristic of WLANs is that they are mostly very local, without the capability of seamless movement from one network to another.
Cellular networks or WAN are designed for citywide/national/global coverage areas and seamless mobility from one access point (often defined as a base station) to another allowing seamless coverage for very wide areas. Cellular network technologies are often split into 2nd generation 2G, 3G and 4G networks. Originally 2G networks were voice centric or even voice only digital cellular systems (as opposed to the analog 1G networks). Typical 2G standards include GSM and IS-95 with extensions via GPRS, EDGE and 1xRTT, providing Internet access to users of originally voice centric 2G networks. Both EDGE and 1xRTT are 3G standards, as defined by the ITU, but are usually marketed as 2.9G due to their comparatively low speeds and high delays when compared to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipeline%20stall | In the design of pipelined computer processors, a pipeline stall is a delay in execution of an instruction in order to resolve a hazard.
Details
In a standard five-stage pipeline, during the decoding stage, the control unit will determine whether the decoded instruction reads from a register to which the currently executed instruction writes. If this condition holds, the control unit will stall the instruction by one clock cycle. It also stalls the instruction in the fetch stage, to prevent the instruction in that stage from being overwritten by the next instruction in the program.
In a Von Neumann architecture which uses the program counter (PC) register to determine the current instruction being fetched in the pipeline, to prevent new instructions from being fetched when an instruction in the decoding stage has been stalled, the value in the PC register and the instruction in the fetch stage are preserved to prevent changes. The values are preserved until the instruction causing the conflict has passed through the execution stage. Such an event is often called a bubble, by analogy with an air bubble in a fluid pipe.
In some architectures, the execution stage of the pipeline must always be performing an action at every cycle. In that case, the bubble is implemented by feeding NOP ("no operation") instructions to the execution stage, until the bubble is flushed past it.
Examples
Timeline
The following is two executions of the same four instructions through a 4-stage pipeline but, for whatever reason, a delay in fetching of the purple instruction in cycle #2 leads to a bubble being created delaying all instructions after it as well.
Classic RISC pipeline
The below example shows a bubble being inserted into a classic RISC pipeline, with five stages (IF = Instruction Fetch, ID = Instruction Decode, EX = Execute, MEM = Memory access, WB = Register write back). In this example, data available after the MEM stage (4th stage) of the first instruction is required as input by the EX stage (3rd stage) of the second instruction. Without a bubble, the EX stage (3rd stage) only has access to the output of the previous EX stage. Thus adding a bubble resolves the time dependence without needing to propagate data backwards in time (which is impossible).
See also
Branch predication
Delay slot
Pipeline flush
Wait state
References
Instruction processing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights%20of%20the%20Desert | Knights of the Desert is a 1983 computer wargame developed by Tactical Design Group and published by Strategic Simulations for the Apple II, Atari 8-bit family, Commodore 64, MS-DOS, and TRS-80. It is based on the 1940-43 North African campaign.
Gameplay
Players have the option to play set pieces of the campaign or the entire campaign as a theatre commander. For example, players can play as either the Axis or Allies in 1941 when Rommel bypassed Tobruk or again in 1942 when he had captured it or on the eve of El Alamein.
Limited in scope and playability (the map only stretched from western Libya to Alexandria), the game did not involve the forces of Operation Torch (United States and allied French) in 1943.
Reception
Softline in 1983 called Knights of the Desert "a very fluid and exciting game ... not a simple nor a simplistic program". Computer Gaming World in 1983 complimented it for being both easy to play and offering realistic units and combat, and concluded that Knights of the Desert "is another solid step toward the ideal computer wargame". A 1987 overview of World War II simulations in the magazine was harsher, rating it two out of five points and calling the game "slow and ponderous ... does not deliver its potential". A 1993 survey in the magazine of wargames gave the game one-plus stars out of five for similar reasons.
Knights of the Desert was awarded the Charles S. Roberts Award for "Best Adventure Game for Home Computer of 1983".
Reviews
Jeux & Stratégie HS #3
References
External links
Knights of the Desert at Atari Mania
1983 video games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit family games
Computer wargames
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Origins Award winners
Strategic Simulations games
TRS-80 games
U.S. Gold games
Video games developed in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSPD | CSPD may refer to:
Colorado Springs Police Department, Colorado, U.S.
Center for the Study of the Public Domain, at Duke University Law School, North Carolina, U.S.
Client-side persistent data, a term for storing data required by web application
CSPD (molecule), a chemical reagent for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) staining
Calendar of State Papers Domestic, see HMS Royal Oak (1664)
Christlich-Soziale Partei Deutschlands, see Peter-Michael Diestel
Civil Status and Passport Department, the government office that issues Jordanian passports |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk%20buffer | In computer storage, disk buffer (often ambiguously called disk cache or cache buffer) is the embedded memory in a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid state drive (SSD) acting as a buffer between the rest of the computer and the physical hard disk platter or flash memory that is used for storage. Modern hard disk drives come with 8 to 256 MiB of such memory, and solid-state drives come with up to 4 GB of cache memory.
Since the late 1980s, nearly all disks sold have embedded microcontrollers and either an ATA, Serial ATA, SCSI, or Fibre Channel interface. The drive circuitry usually has a small amount of memory, used to store the data going to and coming from the disk platters.
The disk buffer is physically distinct from and is used differently from the page cache typically kept by the operating system in the computer's main memory. The disk buffer is controlled by the microcontroller in the hard disk drive, and the page cache is controlled by the computer to which that disk is attached. The disk buffer is usually quite small, ranging between 8 MB to 4 GB, and the page cache is generally all unused main memory. While data in the page cache is reused multiple times, the data in the disk buffer is rarely reused. In this sense, the terms disk cache and cache buffer are misnomers; the embedded controller's memory is more appropriately called disk buffer.
Note that disk array controllers, as opposed to disk controllers, usually have normal cache memory of around 0.5–8 GiB.
Uses
Read-ahead/read-behind
When a disk's controller executes a physical read, the actuator moves the read/write head to (or near to) the correct cylinder. After some settling and possibly fine-actuating the read head begins to pick up track data, and all is left to do is wait until platter rotation brings the requested data.
The data read ahead of request during this wait is unrequested but free, so typically saved in the disk buffer in case it is requested later.
Similarly, data can be read for free behind the requested one if the head can stay on track because there is no other read to execute or the next actuating can start later and still complete in time.
If several requested reads are on the same track (or close by on a spiral track), most unrequested data between them will be both read ahead and behind.
Speed matching
The speed of the disk's I/O interface to the computer almost never matches the speed at which the bits are transferred to and from the hard disk platter. The disk buffer is used so that both the I/O interface and the disk read/write head can operate at full speed.
Write acceleration
The disk's embedded microcontroller may signal the main computer that a disk write is complete immediately after receiving the write data, before the data is actually written to the platter. This early signal allows the main computer to continue working even though the data has not actually been written yet. This can be somewhat dangerous, because if power is lost before the da |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Page%20cache | In computing, a page cache, sometimes also called disk cache, is a transparent cache for the pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD). The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory (RAM), resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements. A page cache is implemented in kernels with the paging memory management, and is mostly transparent to applications.
Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache. Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as "free" or "available".
When compared to main memory, hard disk drive read/writes are slow and random accesses require expensive disk seeks; as a result, larger amounts of main memory bring performance improvements as more data can be cached in memory. Separate disk caching is provided on the hardware side, by dedicated RAM or NVRAM chips located either in the disk controller (in which case the cache is integrated into a hard disk drive and usually called disk buffer), or in a disk array controller. Such memory should not be confused with the page cache.
Memory conservation
Pages in the page cache modified after being brought in are called dirty pages. Since non-dirty pages in the page cache have identical copies in secondary storage (e.g. hard disk drive or solid-state drive), discarding and reusing their space is much quicker than paging out application memory, and is often preferred over flushing the dirty pages into secondary storage and reusing their space. Executable binaries, such as applications and libraries, are also typically accessed through page cache and mapped to individual process spaces using virtual memory (this is done through the mmap system call on Unix-like operating systems). This not only means that the binary files are shared between separate processes, but also that unused parts of binaries will be flushed out of main memory eventually, leading to memory conservation.
Since cached pages can be easily evicted and re-used, some operating systems, notably Windows NT, even report the page cache usage as "available" memory, while the memory is actually allocated to disk pages. This has led to some confusion about the utilization of page cache in Windows.
Disk writes
The page cache also aids in writing to a disk. Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as "dirty" and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed. When a file write occurs, the cached page for the particular block is looked up. If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory. If it is not found in the page cache, then, when the writ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law%20and%20Disorder%20%28radio%20program%29 | Law and Disorder is an hour-long United States radio program that broadcasts weekly from WBAI, part of the Pacifica Radio Network. The program focuses on legal issues. It was long hosted by Michael Ratner, President of the Center for Constitutional Rights, who died in May 2016; Heidi Boghosian, executive director of the A.J. Muste Memorial Institute; and Michael Steven Smith, a civil rights attorney and member of the National Lawyers Guild. Law and Disorder Radio is also syndicated on 24 terrestrial radio stations across the country. Law and Disorder began airing weekly shows in 2004.
External links
Law and Disorder Official Site
Profile: Law and Disorder, WBAI
Pacifica Foundation programs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20of%20European%20Foundations%20for%20Innovative%20Cooperation | The Network of European Foundations for Innovative Cooperation (NEF) is an international non-profit organization, with headquarters in Brussels (Belgium). The organization was created in order to strengthen cooperation between European foundations.
Members
The foundation has 13 members including:
Bank of Sweden Tercentenary Foundation
Bernard van Leer Foundation
Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation
Charities Aid Foundation
Charles Stewart Mott Foundation
Compagnia di San Paolo
ERSTE Foundation
European Cultural Foundation
Fondation de France
Joseph Rowntree Charitable Trust
La Foundation Gabriel
Robert Bosch Stiftung
References
External links
Foundations based in Belgium
International organisations based in Belgium |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opal%20Cortlandt | Opal Cortlandt is a fictional character from the ABC and The Online Network soap opera, All My Children. She was portrayed by Dorothy Lyman from 1981 to 1983, and by Jill Larson from December 13, 1989 to September 2, 2013. Larson was demoted from contract to recurring status from June 14, 2006 to December 2, 2009, before returning to contract status effective December 10, 2009. She remained on the show until the series finale on September 23, 2011, and appeared in the short-lived reboot in 2013.
Background
In the beginning, Opal was only supposed to remain on All My Children for about six weeks, but when the show's executives saw Dorothy Lyman's portrayal of the character, the writers kept her on and wrote more for the character.
The producers of the show disagreed with the way Lyman portrayed Opal:
Storylines
Opal and her daughter, Jenny, first came to Pine Valley in 1981. Opal was intent on getting her daughter into modeling. Until Jenny got her big break, Opal made her work at a sleazy bar, Foxy's, as a cocktail waitress while she was in high school so she could support them both. Later, Opal opened a beauty shop, which she called The Glamorama. She met a handsome widower, Ralph Purdy, whom she quickly became engaged to, and left Pine Valley. A few months later, Jenny died, and Tad called her (off-screen) to tell her the news.
In 1989, Opal returned to Pine Valley and joined forces with Palmer to break up Tad and Dixie's marriage. They soon fell in love and married in November 1990 after Palmer's ex-wife Daisy schemed to get them together. Later, the Cortlandts welcomed their son Peter (Petey) into the world. Their marriage was threatened by Stan Ulatowski, Palmer's former prison mate who wanted Opal for himself.
Opal and Palmer's marriage was always had conflict (including an affair that Palmer had with Janet Green in 1995, who, at the time, he believed to be Jane Cox). After nine years in the summer of 1998, however, their marriage fell apart. Opal alerted the authorities when she learned that Palmer had stashed away a treasure trove of stolen Nazi artwork. While serving in the military, Palmer had stolen the paintings when his squadron defeated a Nazi platoon. Palmer refused to give back the paintings to their rightful owners. Palmer felt betrayed by Opal and became increasingly nasty to his wife. At about the same time, Opal learned that Adrian Sword, the son she'd been forced to abandon while she was still married to Ray Gardner, had arrived in Pine Valley. Opal had had an affair with Frank Dawson, a man who took her in when she was fleeing from the abusive Ray. Ray showed up at her hiding spot one day and forced Opal to leave with him. Opal was fearful that the child, an interracial baby, would be abused—or worse—if Ray got his hands on the infant so she claimed she was babysitting and walked out on the child. A twist of events took place and Adrian was part of a government operation tracking Palmer and his stolen paintings. Palmer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20identification | In natural language processing, language identification or language guessing is the problem of determining which natural language given content is in. Computational approaches to this problem view it as a special case of text categorization, solved with various statistical methods.
Overview
There are several statistical approaches to language identification using different techniques to classify the data. One technique is to compare the compressibility of the text to the compressibility of texts in a set of known languages. This approach is known as mutual information based distance measure. The same technique can also be used to empirically construct family trees of languages which closely correspond to the trees constructed using historical methods. Mutual information based distance measure is essentially equivalent to more conventional model-based methods and is not generally considered to be either novel or better than simpler techniques.
Another technique, as described by Cavnar and Trenkle (1994) and Dunning (1994) is to create a language n-gram model from a "training text" for each of the languages. These models can be based on characters (Cavnar and Trenkle) or encoded bytes (Dunning); in the latter, language identification and character encoding detection are integrated. Then, for any piece of text needing to be identified, a similar model is made, and that model is compared to each stored language model. The most likely language is the one with the model that is most similar to the model from the text needing to be identified. This approach can be problematic when the input text is in a language for which there is no model. In that case, the method may return another, "most similar" language as its result. Also problematic for any approach are pieces of input text that are composed of several languages, as is common on the Web.
For a more recent method, see Řehůřek and Kolkus (2009). This method can detect multiple languages in an unstructured piece of text and works robustly on short texts of only a few words: something that the n-gram approaches struggle with.
An older statistical method by Grefenstette was based on the prevalence of certain function words (e.g., "the" in English).
A common non-statistical intuitive approach (though highly uncertain) is to look for common letter combinations, or distinctive diacritics or punctuation.
Identifying similar languages
One of the great bottlenecks of language identification systems is to distinguish between closely related languages. Similar languages like Bulgarian and Macedonian or Indonesian and Malay present significant lexical and structural overlap, making it challenging for systems to discriminate between them.
In 2014 the DSL shared task has been organized providing a dataset (Tan et al., 2014) containing 13 different languages (and language varieties) in six language groups: Group A (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian), Group B (Indonesian, Malaysian), Group C (Czech, Slov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DPVweb | DPVweb is a database for virologists working on plant viruses combining taxonomic, bioinformatic and symptom data.
Description
DPVweb is a central web-based source of information about viruses, viroids and satellites of plants, fungi and protozoa.
It provides comprehensive taxonomic information, including brief descriptions of each family and genus, and classified lists of virus sequences. It makes use of a large database that also holds detailed, curated, information for all sequences of viruses, viroids and satellites of plants, fungi and protozoa that are complete or that contain at least one complete gene. There are currently about 10,000 such sequences. For comparative purposes, DPVweb also contains a representative sequence of all other fully sequenced virus species with an RNA or single-stranded DNA genome. For each curated sequence the database contains the start and end positions of each feature (gene, non-translated region, etc.), and these have been checked for accuracy. As far as possible, the nomenclature for genes and proteins are standardized within genera and families. Sequences of features (either as DNA or amino acid sequences) can be directly downloaded from the website in FASTA format.
The sequence information can also be accessed via client software for personal computers.
History
The Descriptions of Plant Viruses (DPVs) were first published by the Association of Applied Biologists in 1970 as a series of leaflets, each one written by an expert describing a particular plant virus. In 1998 all of the 354 DPVs published in paper were scanned, and converted into an electronic format in a database and distributed on CDROM. In 2001 the descriptions were made available on the new DPVweb site, providing open access to the now 400+ DPVs (currently 415) as well as taxonomic and sequence data on all plant viruses.
Uses
DPVweb is an aid to researchers in the field of plant virology as well as an educational resource for students of virology and molecular biology.
The site provides a single point of access for all known plant virus genome sequences making it easy to collect these sequences together for further analysis and comparison. Sequence data from the DPVweb database have proved valuable for a number of projects:
survey of codon usage bias amongst all plant viruses,
two-way comparisons between comprehensive sets of sequences from the families Flexiviridae and Potyviridae that have helped inform taxonomy and clarify genus and species discrimination criteria,
a survey and verification of the polyprotein cleavage sites within the family Potyviridae.
See also
Transmission of plant viruses
References
Citation by Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Citation by the John Innes Centre, United Kingdom
External links
DPVweb EDAM bioinformatics ontology
Molecular biology
Plant taxonomy
Biological databases
Viral plant pathogens and diseases
Virology
Ontology (information science)
Information science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Horrocks | Ian Robert Horrocks is a professor of computer science at the University of Oxford in the UK and a Fellow of Oriel College, Oxford. His research focuses on knowledge representation and reasoning, particularly ontology languages, description logic and optimised tableaux decision procedures.
Education
Horrocks completed his Bachelor of Science (BSc), Master of Science (MSc) and PhD degrees in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester.
Research and career
After several years as a lecturer, senior lecturer, reader then Professor in Manchester, Horrocks moved to the University of Oxford in 2008. His work on tableau reasoning for very expressive description logics has formed the basis of most description logic reasoning systems in use today, including Racer, FaCT++, HermiT and Pellet.
Horrocks was jointly responsible for development of the OIL and DAML+OIL ontology languages, and he played a central role in the development of the Web Ontology Language (OWL). These languages and associated tools have been used by Open Biomedical Ontologies (OBO) Consortium, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in America, the United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and a range of major corporations and government agencies.
His research is partly funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
Horrocks served as editor-in-chief of Journal of Web Semantics from 2012 until late 2022. Together with the other editors-in-chief at the time, he resigned from his position at the Elsevier journal, and became editor-in-chief of the newly founded diamond open access journal Transactions on Graph Data and Knowledge. Horrocks also served as program chair of the 1st International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC) in 2002 and as the general chair of ISWC 2010.
Awards and honours
In 2020 Horrocks was awarded the BCS Lovelace Medal in recognition of his significant contribution to the advancement of reasoning systems.
Horrocks was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2011 and won the Roger Needham Award of the British Computer Society (BCS) in 2005.
Oxford Semantic Technologies
In 2017 Horrocks co-founded the University spin-off Oxford Semantic Technologies Limited with two of his colleagues; Bernardo Cuenca Grau and Boris Motik.
References
Artificial intelligence researchers
Living people
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
Members of the Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford
Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
Fellows of the British Computer Society
Fellows of the Royal Society
1958 births
People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Semantic Web people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Rector | Alan L. Rector is a Professor of Medical Informatics in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Manchester in the UK.
Education
Rector received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Pomona College, a Doctor of Medicine (MD) degree from the University of Minnesota and a Ph.D. from the University of Manchester in 1987.
Research
Rector's research specialty is clinical terminology, SNOMED, GRAIL, OpenGALEN, biomedical ontologies, Artificial Intelligence in medicine, the Web Ontology Language and the development of the semantic web. He presently leads the CO-ODE and HyOntUse projects developing user-oriented ontology development environments under the JISC and EPSRC Semantic Web and Autonomic Computing initiatives as well as the CLEF project, developing secure and ethical methods to collect live patient record data, under the MRC eScience initiative.
Rector has been a visiting senior scientist at Stanford University. He has been a consultant to the NHS Information Authority, the Mayo Clinic & Hewlett-Packard and Siemens Healthcare. He is a member of the Jisc Committee for the Support of Research, the National Cancer Research Institute Board for Bioinformatics, the Joint NHS/Higher Education Forum on Informatics, and the Board of the Academic Forum of the UK Institute for Health Informatics. Rector also serves on the board of HL7-UK, the main standards body for Healthcare Informatics and has been involved with the International World Wide Web Conference and the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
His research has been funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, the Medical Research Council and the Joint Information Systems Committee.
Awards
In 2003, he received the 1st British Computer Society Health Informatics Committee award for lifetime service to Health Informatics.
References
Alumni of the Victoria University of Manchester
People associated with the Department of Computer Science, University of Manchester
Health informaticians
University of Minnesota Medical School alumni
Academics of the University of Manchester
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Semantic Web people
Pomona College alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galveston%20Island%20Trolley | The Galveston Island Trolley is a heritage streetcar network in Galveston, Texas, United States. As of late 2006, the total network length was 6.8 miles (10.9 km) with 22 stations. The Galveston Island Trolley is operated by Island Transit. The rail system reopened in 2021, after having been out of service for 13 years following severe damage caused by Hurricane Ike in 2008. Subsequent to the 2008 closure, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the Federal Transit Administration agreed to fund repairs. In January 2017, a contract was approved to restore three of the trolleys at a cost of $3.8 million. At that time, the trolleys were expected to be ready to return to service in 2018, but the date was later postponed to 2019 and later to 2021. By November 2020, two reconditioned trolleys had returned to Galveston. The line reopened for service in October 2021, limited to three days a week for now.
History
Galveston has had streetcars before. The first urban rail public transit system was introduced in 1868. The cars were pulled by mules. In 1891, electric trolleys were introduced, which remained in service until May 1938.
Galveston Island Trolley, a heritage streetcar system, was opened on July 23, 1988. Barry Goodman Associates (now the Goodman Corporation) was a key consultant in the creation of the Trolley, leading the early design studies and helping to secure funding. The project was designed by HNTB, engineers, who were responsible for all aspects of track and vehicle design; Ochsner Associates, architects, who were responsible for the maintenance facility and the passenger shelter (on 20th Street).
Initially, the Galveston Island Trolley connected the historic Strand District on the north side of Galveston Island with the Seawall beach area. It was mainly used by tourists. In the 1990s, planning for an extension of the line began and was completed in 1995. A new branch to the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) opened on March 14, 2005. This line was popular among UTMB staff, students and patients.
Rolling stock
The Galveston Island Trolley cars look like vintage electric trolleys, but are actually modern-built and diesel-electric powered. Because of this, there are no overhead wires. This means that the vehicles are not technically trolleys (since they do not "troll" for power from overhead wires), but rather streetcars.
The Galveston trolley fleet consists of four cars. All of them are identical, though they are painted in different colors. The cars were built by Miner Railcar, Pennsylvania. Each car can accommodate up to 80 passengers; 40 sitting and 40 standing. Cars are designed for an operational speed of . Each car weighs .
In 2005, all cars were equipped with air conditioning.
Between 2017 and 2021, three of the four cars were extensively restored by the Gomaco Trolley Company.
Hours of operation
The trolley service was restarted on October 1, 2021, running on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays from 10:00 a.m. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50%20Mission%20Crush | 50 Mission Crush (sometimes Fifty Mission Crush) is a turn-based strategy computer wargame published in 1984 by Strategic Simulations (SSI) that simulates the career of the crew of a B-17 Flying Fortress bomber during World War II. The bomber is based out of the RAF Thurleigh base just north of London, and is part of the 8th Air Force. While most of SSI's games emphasized long-term strategic planning, 50 Mission Crush was marketed explicitly for its quick, comparatively fast pace: each mission takes no more than about 10 minutes. SSI described it as a "role-playing game".
Gameplay
Each mission is self-contained, and the player does not have to worry about resupply or repairs in between missions. Every position on the plane (for example, tail gunner, ball gunner, radio operator, and so on) is manned by a character named by the player who gains experience with each mission survived. The more missions a character survives, the more competent he becomes.
Each mission requires that the player bomb a specific target from a specific altitude. There is no strict time limit, but the amount of fuel the plane can carry is limited. The player decides upon take off how much fuel to carry and whether to carry an extra-heavy load of bombs. The player then moves the plane to the target using the number pad keys, and on each turn may ascend or descend in 5,000 foot increments. When the bomber is over the target, the player is meant to wait until there is no cloud cover before dropping the bombs. When the player is over an enemy target and there is no cloud cover, the enemy will typically fire flak, which can damage the plane, injure or kill crewmen, or set the plane on fire. The lower the bomber's altitude, the more intense the flak will be. The bomber may also be strafed by enemy fighter planes, such as the Focke-Wulf Fw 190, Messerschmitt Bf 109, or Messerschmitt Bf 110.
The term
The name "50 Mission Crush" is an allusion to a type of hat. The game manual states:
A "fifty mission crush" is an Army Air Corps, or Air Force, service cap that has the stiffening ring removed, and is worn crushed and battered. This cap is obviously out of uniform, however steeped in tradition. This tradition was started by the 8th Air force flying personnel as a mark that separates
the fledgling from the battle hardened survivor of 25+ combat missions. This mangled cap was frowned upon, but tolerated for those who earned the right to wear it.
Normally, this cap had stiffeners – a support piece behind the cap device and a wire around the inside top perimeter to maintain the cap's round shape. These kept the cap in its proper, regulation military shape and angle. However, since pilots wore headsets over their caps during flights, they would remove the wire stiffener to make headset wear more comfortable, causing the sides of the caps to become crushed. Eventually, the caps retained their floppy "crushed" look, giving the pilot who wore it the look of a seasoned veteran. T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BackupHDDVD | BackupHDDVD is a small computer software utility program available in command line and GUI versions which aids in the decryption of commercial HD DVD discs protected by the Advanced Access Content System. It is used to back up discs, often to enable playback on hardware configurations without full support for HDCP. The program's source code was posted online, but no licence information was given.
Written by an anonymous programmer using the handle Muslix64, BackupHDDVD is distributed with none of the cryptographic keys necessary for decryption. Users wanting to use the software to decrypt a protected disc's contents must obtain the appropriate keys separately, a task with which neither the original author nor his or her versions of BackupHDDVD assist.
BackupHDDVD represented the first known successful attack against AACS. The utility circumvents content protection by decrypting video files directly with AES, the underling cryptographic cipher used by AACS. Using this technique, BackupHDDVD is able to completely bypass the AACS chain of trust, rendering it immune to revocation. The cost of this immunity is that users are forced to rely on keys leaking from commercial player software to use BackupHDDVD with new discs.
History
According to the creator of BackupHDDVD, he or she first set out to circumvent AACS to bypass a restriction in software HD DVD players which reduced the quality of AACS restricted 1080p high definition video to that of standard definition DVD video or refused to play outright unless an HDCP compliant chain of video hardware was present. At the time only a few computer monitors and video cards supported HDCP. As a result, configurations that would have allowed high-definition HD DVD viewing in software players were exceptionally rare.
On December 18, 2006, a video which showed BackupHDDVD being used to decrypt and copy the film Full Metal Jacket to a hard drive was uploaded to YouTube. Two days after the video was uploaded, the initial version of the utility along with its source code and documentation was uploaded to a file hosting service. A link to the file was then posted by the utility's creator on the forums of Doom9, a website devoted to DVD backup. The utility's documentation, along with the forum post, contained little information as to how necessary keys could be obtained. The author elaborated in another forum post, claiming that keys could be obtained by exploiting the necessity for them to be held in memory to allow playback in player software.
On January 2, 2007, the author posted the 1.0 version of the BackupHDDVD utility, which included support for the decoding of discs using volume keys. For several weeks following the utility's release no success using the author's key extraction technique was reported. In mid-January 2007, a volume key was published by another member of the Doom9 forum along with an explanation of the technique used to obtain it. Other forum members quickly discovered keys for differen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20compilation%20unit | Single compilation unit (SCU) is a computer programming technique for the C and C++ languages, which reduces compilation time for programs spanning multiple files. Specifically, it allows the compiler to keep data from shared header files, definitions and templates, so that it need not recreate them for each file. It is an instance of program optimization. The technique can be applied to an entire program or to some subset of source files; when applied to an entire program, it is also known as a unity build.
Purpose
In the C/C++ compilation model (formally "translation environment"), individual / source files are preprocessed into translation units, which are then compiled separately by the compiler into multiple object ( or ) files. These object files can then be linked together to create a single executable file or library. However, this leads to multiple passes being performed on common header files, and with C++, multiple template instantiations of the same templates in different translation units.
The single compilation unit technique uses pre-processor directives to "glue" different translation units together at compile time rather than at link time. This reduces the overall build time, due to eliminating the duplication, but increases the incremental build time (the time required after making a change to any single source file that is included in the SCU), due to requiring a full rebuild of the entire unit if any single input file changes. Therefore, this technique is appropriate for a set of infrequently modified source files with significant overlap (many or expensive common headers or templates), or source files that frequently require recompilation together, such as due to all including a common header or template that changes frequently.
Another disadvantage of SCU is that it is serial, compiling all included source files in sequence in one process, and thus cannot be parallelized, as can be done in separate compilation (via distcc or similar programs). Thus SCU requires explicit partitioning (manual partitioning or "sharding" into multiple units) to parallelize compilation.
SCU also allows an optimizing compiler to perform interprocedural optimization without requiring link-time optimization, therefore allowing optimizations such as inlining, and helps avoiding implicit code bloat due to exceptions, side effects, and register allocation. These optimizations are often not possible in many compilers, due to independent compilation, where optimization happens separately in each translation unit during compilation, but the "dumb linker" simply links object files, without performing any optimizations itself, and thus interprocedural optimization between translation units is not possible.
Example
For example, if you have the source files and , they can be placed in a Single Compilation Unit as follows:
#include "foo.cpp"
#include "bar.cpp"
Suppose and are:
//foo.cpp
#include <iostream> // A large, standard header
#include "bar.h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot%20plot | Dot plot may refer to:
Dot plot (bioinformatics), for comparing two sequences
Dot plot (statistics), data points on a simple scale
Dot plot graphic for Federal Reserve Open Market Committee polling result |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EasyLanguage | EasyLanguage is a proprietary programming language that was developed by TradeStation and built into its electronic trading platform. It is used to create custom indicators for financial charts and also to create algorithmic trading strategies for the markets. External DLL's can be referenced using EasyLanguage which greatly extends its functionality.
The language was originally intended to allow creation of custom trading strategies by traders without specialized computer training. Simple practical commands may consist of regular English words, which makes some of the basic elements of EasyLanguage more intuitive to learn than more complex programming languages.
Example:
Plain English: "If the close is greater than the high of 1 day ago, then buy 100 shares at market."
EasyLanguage: "if the Close > the High[1] then Buy 100 shares next bar at market;"
While rudimentary commands can be executed using plain language expressions, computer programming experience is generally required to take full advantage of the more sophisticated algorithmic features of Object Oriented EasyLanguage (OOEL), which has been influenced by Object Pascal, C#, and C++ and makes extensive use of classes and dynamic-link libraries.
References
External links
TradeStation Securities, Inc
Business software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixie%20Cooney | Dixie Cooney is a fictional character from All My Children, an American soap opera on the ABC network. The character was initially portrayed by actress Kari Gibson from her debut in July 1988 until October of that year when she was replaced by actress Cady McClain who portrayed the role for the rest of the character's existence.
The character's initial run lasted from July 1988 to May 2, 1996; she appeared again from July 3, 1998 to February 26, 2002, and from December 23, 2005 to January 31, 2007, when the character was killed. The decision to kill the character in 2007 attracted much criticism and controversy, with TV Guide being dismayed by the choice and calling her the heart and soul of the show.
McClain returned to the series May 2, 2008, playing the character as a ghost. The return lasted through June 12, 2008. McClain again returned briefly to All My Children from March 4, 2010 through April 20, 2010. On April 25, 2011, it was announced that McClain would reprise her role of Dixie full-time on a contract basis as a series regular beginning in the spring of 2011. Her first airdate was May 17, 2011 and she played the role until the final televised episode on September 23, 2011. On February 7, 2013, McClain announced on her website that she would be reprising her role as Dixie on Prospect Park's online continuation of the show.
Storylines
1988–96
Dixie Cooney came to Pine Valley in a truck with her brother, Will Cooney, in search of their Uncle Pete Cooney who had made a name for himself after leaving Pigeon Hollow, West Virginia, years earlier. They were unaware that this man was Palmer Cortlandt, one of the Valley’s richest men. Dixie and Will found work at Cortlandt manor as a maid and stable-hand. They did not realize the identity of their new employer until both saw a face they had not seen in years, their sister: Della Cooney. Palmer welcomed them all into this house.
Dixie was the niece of industrialist Palmer Cortlandt (James Mitchell). She was first married to villainous billionaire and Cortlandt's arch-enemy Adam Chandler (David Canary) in 1989 after giving birth to their son, Adam Chandler Jr., but the marriage was not happy and they divorced in late 1989. Dixie then married Tad Martin in December 1989, but after repeated misunderstandings brought on by Palmer, as well as Tad's biological mother Opal Gardner (at the time Palmer and Opal were dating, they later married and divorced), Tad and Dixie separated. At first they realized their break up was a mistake, but Tad had a one-night stand with Brooke English and Dixie found out. Hurt, Dixie divorced Tad. But even the divorce did not keep them apart, and they reconciled. Tad proposed again and they planned to remarry. On the day of the wedding, Tad was lured into the woods by Billy Clyde Tuggle, and Tuggle tried to kill him, but both characters fell from the bridge fighting and into the raging river. Both were presumed dead, although Tuggle was the only body to be pulled fro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Fagiolini | I Fagiolini is a British vocal ensemble specialising in early music and contemporary music. Founded by Robert Hollingworth at Oxford in 1986, the group won the UK Early Music Network’s Young Artists’ Competition in 1988 and a Royal Philharmonic Society Award in 2006. It has an international reputation for presenting music in unusual ways, especially for featuring in John La Bouchardière's production and film The Full Monteverdi, worldwide. I Fagiolini has recorded some 15 CDs, mostly for Chandos Records, as well as a DVD of Orazio Vecchi's L'Amfiparnaso with Simon Callow.
The group has recorded the recently found Striggio 40-part mass (1566), released in March 2011. The CD won the Early Music category in the 2011 Gramophone Awards and a Diapason d'Or de l'Année.
Frequent guests
Barokksolistene - Period instruments
David Miller - Lute
Catherine Pierron - Harpsichord
Eligio Quinteiro - Lute
Joy Smith Harp
Recent recordings
Gabrieli, Monteverdi, Palestrina, Viadana: 1612 Italian Vespers (2012) CD Decca Classics 478 3506
Alessandro Striggio: 40 Part Mass (2011) - CD+DVD Decca Decca Classics 478 2734
Claudio Monteverdi: Sweet Torment (2009) - CD Chandos CHAN 0760
Claudio Monteverdi: Fire & Ashes (2008) - CD Chandos CHAN 0749
Claudio Monteverdi: The Full Monteverdi (2007) - DVD Naxos 2.110224
Claudio Monteverdi: Flaming Heart (2006) - CD Chandos CHAN 0730
Orazio Vecchi: L'Amfiparnaso (2004) - DVD Chandos CHDVD 5029
Prizes and awards
Diapason D'Or de L'Année 2011 for Striggio Mass in 40 Parts
Gramophone Early Music Award 2011 for Striggio Mass in 40 Parts
Choc du Monde de la Musique for The Full Monteverdi (2008)
Royal Philharmonic Society Ensemble of the year (2006)
UK Early Music Network’s Young Artists’ Competition (1988)
References
External links
Official site
Percius
Thefullmonteverdi.co.uk
Chandos Records
Early music choirs
Musical groups established in 1986
British choirs
1986 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen%20Craft | Kitchen Craft is a Canadian company that manufactures cabinetwork for kitchens and bathrooms.
Established in 1972 and headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, the company employs approximately 1300 people in Winnipeg alone, making it one of the largest employers in the city. Kitchen Craft retail showrooms are located in Winnipeg, Edmonton, and Regina.
In 2002, the company became a subsidiary of the MasterBrand Cabinets, a division of Fortune Brands in the United States.
References
External links
Kitchen Craft website
Manufacturing companies based in Winnipeg
Furniture companies of Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagekind | Imagekind is a commercial website that prints and sells images created by participating artists on-demand. It also includes a social networking and marketing site for artists and their customers. It was founded in Seattle, Washington in 2006 by Adrian Hanauer, a Seattle, Washington co-owner of the Seattle Sounders professional soccer team, and Kelly Smith, a software & digital media specialist who formed Curious Office as an incubator of online companies. It is now owned by CafePress.
Website
Imagekind is an online art website where artists working in 2-dimensional art forms may upload digital files of their work. The work is then displayed on the website in "galleries" where customers may buy print-on-demand inkjet prints (giclée) of the work. After an order is submitted, the company custom prints the uploaded image. Artists set and keep their own markup from the sales of their artwork.
Images are printed on large variety of substrates (including canvas and paper) using Epson large format Ultra-Chrome inkjet printers. Currently, Imagekind has over 3 million images for sale and also offers framing services for purchased prints. Framing and matting is provided by Northwest Framing in Portland, Oregon
The website encourages social interaction through its associated blog. Aside from member art, the website also offers a large selection of posters and prints with licensed images by artists ranging from Michelangelo to Dalí to Mapplethorpe.
Imagekind formed a partnership with EBSQ, an online art association of self-representing artists in October 2008, and were acquired by CafePress in July 2008.
References
External links
Imagekind Homepage
Self-publishing online stores |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daytime%20television | Daytime is a block of television programming taking place during the late-morning and afternoon on weekdays. Daytime programming is typically scheduled to air between the hours of 9:00 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., following the early morning daypart typically dedicated to morning shows, and preceding the evening dayparts that eventually lead into prime time.
The majority of daytime programming is typically targeted towards women (and in particular, housewives). Historically, soap operas, talk shows, court shows and game shows have been fixtures of daytime programming, although daytime soap operas have seen declines in North America due to changing audiences and viewing habits. This type of daytime programming is typically aired on weekdays; weekend daytime programming is often very different and more varied in nature, and usually focuses more on sports broadcasts.
Target audience and demographics
For most intents and purposes, the traditional target audience of daytime television programs in the United States has been demographically women 18–49, as the large majority of daytime viewership has historically consisted of housewives. As such, daytime programs are often hosted by women or personalities popular among women, and pertain to subjects such as women's issues (including health, lifestyles, and fashion), current events, and gossip.
Due to demographic shifts and the decreasing number of people at home during the daytime, the daytime television audience has shrunk rapidly in recent years, and that which remains is largely over the age of 55 and thus considered undesirable for most advertisers.
Another popular audience in this timeframe is the college student; game shows such as the original Jeopardy! (1964–1975), Match Game (1973–1982; 1990), Family Feud (1976–1985; 1988–1993; 1994; 1999–present), Card Sharks (1978–1981; 1986–1989), Press Your Luck (1983–1986), and, since the 1990s and even more so under current host Drew Carey, The Price Is Right (1972–present), have targeted this audience.
Content
In the United Kingdom, United States, Canada, and Australia, talk show (hosted by a single personality, or a larger panel, such as The View and Loose Women) are a significant part of this timeslot, as well as, to a lesser extent, game show and soap opera. In the U.S., the Big Three television networks all provide some degree of daytime programming, but the once-popular genre of soap operas have declined; although a few remain active, they have been largely replaced by less-expensive programming such as talk shows (including GMA3: What You Need To Know, The Talk, and Today with Hoda & Jenna, which fill timeslots once filled by One Life to Live, As the World Turns, and Passions respectively, with two of them serving officially as extensions of their networks' respective morning shows). Game shows were also common in U.S. daytime lineups, but by the 1990s, only CBS's long-running The Price Is Right remained (which was later joined in 2009 by a revival of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEOPLEnet | PEOPLEnet is a mobile operator in Ukraine launched commercially in February 2007 by Telesystemy Ukrainy, becoming the first wireless network in Ukraine to offer 3G services (1xEV-DO standard). The operator has said it will have invested a total of US$180 million in network development by the end of 2007.
The service is currently (early 2009) commercially available in every regional capital (oblasnyi centr) of Ukraine as well as in a number of smaller cities. There were plans for service to cover 79% of the Ukrainian population by the end of 2009.
PEOPLENet is the first mobile operator in Ukraine to offer bundled airtime plans (when a monthly fee pays for a certain amount of voice minutes, text messages and data transfer) and flexible plans (a subscriber can modify his or her daily usage and service fee every day).
Criticism
PEOPLEnet has been criticized for building "3G" hype more on marketing than on technology. As of April 2007, not all base stations actually had the possibility to work in the 1xEV-DO mode, so that in fact a significant part of the network is actually an old 2.5G CDMA2000 1x network that previously operated under another brand name. PEOPLEnet is also being unofficially accused for playing on the anticipation of launch of "full 3G" UMTS networks that would bring not only faster rates than 1X for data-only connections, but also principally new services like video telephony. PEOPLEnet used to hide the actual type of its technical standard (CDMA2000 EV-DO) on their Web site, replacing it (even on pages with technical specifications of mobile terminals) with "3G", for example, writing "3G 1x" for phones that only support the 2.5G CDMA2000 1x technology.
References
External links
Companies established in 2006
Mobile phone companies of Ukraine
Telecommunications companies of Ukraine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temptation%20%282003%20film%29 | Temptation was an Australian telemovie which screened on Network Ten in 2003, starring Colin Friels as Roberto Francobelli. It was a co-production with subscription television and screened on the UKTV channel on Foxtel. It was produced by Penny Chapman and Sue Masters and it was directed by Tony Tilse.
The theme was passion for cooking and love. Chefs Ruth and Gabe are the top students of their graduating year and have fallen in love, but it's love and war involving the staff of the two restaurants in the same street when Gabe starts working at his father's and Ruth open's a restaurant across the road with his ex-partner
Temptation led to a spin-off television drama series that ran for one season on Network Ten in 2004 called The Cooks.
Locations
Most of the exterior scenes were filmed around the Inner West areas of Sydney. The restaurants were located in the suburb of Summer Hill.
Cast
Colin Friels as Roberto Francobelli.
Toby Schmitz as Gabe Francobelli
Kate Atkinson as Ruth O'Neill
Nicholas Brown as Sachin
Rhondda Findleton as Rita Molloy
Emma Lung as Carmelita
Jacqueline Brennan as Cathy
Damian Rice
References
Network 10 original programming
Australian television films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ST/Amiga%20Format | ST Amiga Format was a computer magazine that covered the Atari ST and Amiga computers. It was published by Future plc to cover the ever growing market for the, then-new, 16-bit home computers. Issues were equally balanced with coverage for both Amiga and Atari ST systems. Issue 1 included a main feature 'ST or Amiga? The Choice is Yours', where the pros and cons for each machine was examined.
ST Amiga Format often included a floppy disk mounted on the cover, which used a unique dual format filesystem that could be read by both the Amiga and ST. The disks included game demos, software utilities, etc.
Regular features included tutorials (on both Amiga and ST), Gamebuster, Gold Dust (a rumours section), Desktop (tips and technical guide for the ST), Workbench (tips and technical guide for the Amiga), Escape Sequence (last page) and the usual news and letters pages.
Issue 13 (July 1989) was the last issue under the dual format. The sale of sister magazine ACE freed up the staff necessary to split the magazine into two separate titles. ST Format and Amiga Format were launched.
References
External links
ST Amiga Format overview
The ST Format Shrine
Archived ST Amiga Format magazines on the Internet Archive
Atari ST magazines
Amiga magazines
Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1988
Magazines disestablished in 1989
Mass media in Bath, Somerset
Video game magazines published in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore%20Format | Commodore Format was a British magazine for users of the Commodore 64 home computer. It was published on the third Thursday of every month. All 61 issues were produced by Future plc. These came towards the end of the machine's commercial life - from October 1990 until October 1995.
Launch
The launch editorial staff was dominated by journalists who had worked on Zzap!64, including editor Steve Jarratt. Sean Masterson was Steve's deputy. Contributions came from Gordon Houghton and Kati Hamza. There was one fresh face - staff writer, Andy Dyer.
The first issue previewed the new cartridge-based C64 GS (Games System). The magazine had 98 pages and came with a games tape known as the "Power Pack". Issue one's tape included a playable preview of upcoming arcade conversion Iron Man, and the full version of Tau Ceti. It retailed for £1.95.
Magazine format
The magazine's content was varied, but heavily biased towards gaming. Each issue usually kicked off with a news section called "Network 64" - a round-up of the previous month's C64 stories. The section was renamed "Snippets" in later issues. After initially appearing at the very back of the magazine, the "Early Warning!" preview section usually followed. It featured a full-page submarine style "scanner" showing how near to release new games were. The scanner featured six rings; if a game was placed on the outer ring, it was six months from release. Graphics and charts like this made the magazine's information easy to digest and were common. The letters page was next. It featured "The Mighty Brain", a cartoon character noted for its arrogance in answering the readers' questions. "Andy Dyer's Gamebusters" (later by Andy Roberts) provided tips and cheats on the latest software releases, and Paul Lyons' "Inside Info" column answered technical questions. This section was latterly written by Jason Finch and renamed "Techie Tips". And every month there was a large review section of the latest games - those scoring over 90% received the "It's A Corker" accolade, and an "Uppers and Downers" box at the end of each review made it easy for readers to see just how good a game was at a glance.
One of Commodore Format′s most famous sections was "Roger Frames Buys Budjit Games". The budget game round-up was accompanied by a story told in three or four cartoons. Drawn by artist Mike Roberts, they were often inspired by the games Roger was playing. Famously, Roger appeared on the cover of the Codemasters game "Tilt". There was also a Roger Frames "UGH! GIRLS" T-shirt, and readers could send in photos of themselves or their friends if they thought they looked a bit like Roger. As Commodore 64 software became increasingly scarce, Roger's column was removed by editor Trenton Webb following a redesign in 1993. But his presence remained in the magazine in one form or another until the very final issue - whose cover he graced.
Power Pack
Every month, a games tape was attached to the front of Commodore Format. Known as the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20Network%20Node | For military communications, the Joint Network Node system, or JNN as it is commonly called, is a communications system the United States Military uses for remote, satellite-based communication. It is described by General Dynamics and the US Army Signal School as "the next generation of battlefield communications."
The JNN is a system developed to replace the Mobile Subscriber Equipment (MSE) for the United States Military. It provides Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) capabilities for the Warfighter.
The JNN system includes communication equipment mounted in shelters on HMMWVs, called JNN shelters, satellite terminals mounted on trailers, and communication equipment mounted in transit cases. There are two classes of transit case equipment: Brigade Cases and Battalion Cases.
The system's core is a Promina switch and cisco routers, with NIPRNet and SIPRNet capabilities, plus secure and non-secure voice systems, VTC, and the ability to link in older "legacy" systems, such as MSE, into the global network.
As a JNN operator, the JNN is run by a generator, which can be on any of 3 phases for power while operating the JNN. The JNN is most commonly with a battalion or brigade element in the field. It is an ATH(at the halt) piece of equipment.
References
Military electronics of the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single%20version%20of%20the%20truth | In computerized business management, single version of the truth (SVOT), is a technical concept describing the data warehousing ideal of having either a single centralised database, or at least a distributed synchronised database, which stores all of an organisation's data in a consistent and non-redundant form. This contrasts with the related concept of single source of truth (SSOT), which refers to a data storage principle to always source a particular piece of information from one place.
Applied to message sequencing
In some systems and in the context of message processing systems (often real-time systems), this term also refers to the goal of establishing a single agreed sequence of messages within a database formed by a particular but arbitrary sequencing of records. The key concept is that data combined in a certain sequence is a "truth" which may be analyzed and processed giving particular results, and that although the sequence is arbitrary (and thus another correct but equally arbitrary sequencing would ultimately provide different results in any analysis), it is desirable to agree that the sequence enshrined in the "single version of the truth" is the version that will be considered "the truth", and that any conclusions drawn from analysis of the database are valid and unarguable, and (in a technical context) the database may be duplicated to a backup environment to ensure a persistent record is kept of the "single version of the truth".
The key point is when the database is created using an external data source (such as a sequence of trading messages from a stock exchange) an arbitrary selection is made of one possibility from two or more equally valid representations of the input data, but henceforth the decision sets "in stone" one and only one version of the truth.
As applied to message sequencing
Critics of SVOT as applied to message sequencing argue that this concept is not scalable. As the world moves towards systems spread over many processing nodes, the effort involved in negotiating a single agreed-upon sequence becomes prohibitive.
But as pointed out by Owen Rubel at his API World talk 'The New API Pattern', the SVOT is always going to be the service layer in a distributed architecture where input/output (I/O) meet; this also is where the endpoint binding belongs to allow for modularization and better abstraction of the I/O data across the architecture to avoid the architectural cross cutting concern.
See also
Closed world assumption, formal-logic assumption that any statement that is not known to be true, is considered false
Open world assumption, formal-logic assumption that the truth-value of a statement is independent of whether it is known to be true by any single observer or agent
The Kimball lifecycle, a high-level sequence tasks used to design, develop and deploy a data warehouse or business intelligence system
Dimensional modeling, a "bottom-up" approach to data warehousing pioneered by Ralph Kimball, in c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20Knight | is a science fiction PC Engine and Super Famicom role-playing video game that combines sci-fi space exploration with strategic robot combat. This game is intended for experienced role-playing gamers only. The random encounters are high even for a Japanese role-playing game with a mid-to-late 1992 Super Famicom release date (e.g., Dragon Quest V: Hand of the Heavenly Bride) and the combat sequences (using melee attacks in addition to missiles and guns) are extremely slow. Two years later, a sequel was released for this game titled Cyber Knight II: Chikyū Teikoku no Yabō. The games were only released commercially in Japan, however there are a fan-translations from Japanese to English by Aeon Genesis.
Gameplay
The object is to power up the human crew members and their mechs through combat experience points, explore strange new worlds using tools/weapons, and solve the problems of each alien civilization. The first mission involves saving an Earth-like planet of big people with a circa 1992 technology level from robots who want to wipe out humanity. On that planet, the president and his wife assume the throne positions of that of a king and a queen, even though their planet is assumed to be a democracy. Other quests involving trading stuff for a universal translator, braving a lava planet, and even using hyperdrive to get from planet to planet.
Reception
On release, Famitsu magazine scored the PC Engine version of the game a 30 out of 40.
References
External links
Database of Super Famicom games
1990 video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Role-playing video games
Science fiction video games
Single-player video games
Super Nintendo Entertainment System games
Tonkin House games
TurboGrafx-16 games
Video games about robots
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Toshiaki Sakoda
Video games set in the 24th century
Video games about mecha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard%20Year-End%20Hot%20100%20singles%20of%202005 | The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Its data, published by Billboard magazine and compiled by Nielsen SoundScan, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, as well as airplay and streaming. At the end of a year, Billboard will publish an annual list of the 100 most successful songs throughout that year on the Hot 100 chart based on the information. For 2005, the list was published on December 20, calculated with data from December 4, 2004, to November 26, 2005. The R&B track "We Belong Together" by American singer Mariah Carey was named the number 1 song of 2005 and it spent the longest time at number 1 for the year, 14 weeks. This is also the third-longest time at number 1 for a single in the 57-year history of the Hot 100 post-1958 inception, after Mariah Carey's own collaboration with Boyz II Men, "One Sweet Day", which spent 16 weeks atop the Hot 100 from 1995 to 1996, and "Despacito" by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee, featuring Justin Bieber, which equaled that mark in 2017, both being beaten in 2019 by "Old Town Road" by Lil Nas X and Billy Ray Cyrus, which had 19 weeks at No. 1.
List
See also
2005 in music
List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2005
List of Billboard Hot 100 top-ten singles in 2005
References
United States Hot 100 Year-end
Lists of Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20language%20reference | In computing, a programming language reference or language reference manual is part of the documentation associated with most mainstream programming languages. It is written for users and developers, and describes the basic elements of the language and how to use them in a program. For a command-based language, for example, this will include details of every available command and of the syntax for using it.
The reference manual is usually separate and distinct from a more detailed programming language specification meant for implementors of the language rather than those who simply use it to accomplish some processing task.
There may also be a separate introductory guide aimed at giving newcomers enough information to start writing programs, after which they can consult the reference manual for full details. Frequently, however, a single publication contains both the introductory material and the language reference.
External links
Ada 2005 Language Reference Manual (at adaic.com)
The Python Language Reference (at python.org)
The Python Language Reference Manual by Guido van Rossum and Fred L. Drake, Jr. () (at network-theory.co.uk)
References
Reference |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCTV%20%28TV%20station%29 | DCTV, also known as Public Access Corporation of the District of Columbia, is a Washington, DC's television station dedicated completely to local programming created by and for DC and metropolitan area communities.
History
Mayor Marion Barry and Cable Commissioner William Lightfoot used funds from Public, educational, and government access and Corporation for Public Broadcasting to develop DCTV as a powerful tool for public benefit, giving DC residents the means to create television programming. It was launched in 1988 as a single cable channel streaming from a small cubicle in the basement of a DuPont Circle apartment building. The currently headquarters are located in the Brooks Mansion in Brookland, and transmit 7 channels on Comcast, RCN and Verizon FiOS.
Other services
DCTV produce local and original content for and from it community, and benefits it communities in other ways:
Offering of accelerated media training courses, meeting rooms and access to state-of-the-art equipment including HD cameras, editing suites, and studios. DCTV programs are also streamed live, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, accessed through DCTV.org.
Listening and giving voice to diverse cultural groups and ideas, especially those that are under-represented in the media, empowering them to share their unique voices and to exercise their freedom of speech in an environment free of censorship or editorial control.
Three online channels (live): DCTV (Comcast 95, RCN 10 and Verizon 10), Enrichment (Comcast 96, RCN 11 and Verizon 11) and Focus (Verizon 28).
See also
Media in Washington, D.C.
Brookland (Washington, D.C.)
Public, educational, and government access
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
PBS
WHUT-TV
WETA-TV
References
External links
DCTV (Comcast 95, RCN 10 and Verizon 10)
Enrichment (Comcast 96, RCN 11 and Verizon 11)
Focus (Verizon 28).
Television channels and stations established in 1988
DC-TV
1988 establishments in Washington, D.C. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point%20After | Point After is a program that aired on the NFL Network. This program contained press conferences and interviews given by National Football League and college football players and coaches. Most material was pre-recorded, but occasionally the network went live to the press briefings.
The show aired Monday through Friday during the football season. The starting time is 4 p.m. Eastern time, for Tuesday-Friday and for Monday at 8:30 p.m. Eastern time. The hosts were Fran Charles, Derrin Horton and Alex Flanagan. Jim E. Mora, Jamie Dukes and Adam Schefter provided analysis.
Show history
Point After has been on NFL Network from its beginning during the 2003 season. The original version was basically an automated program that aired on Sunday nights. A voice-over announcer briefly described the games of that NFL Sunday, then the comments of the players and coaches in that game aired.
When NFLN revamped for 2006, mainly to mark the start of live regular-season play-by-play, this program became NFL Scoreboard and Point After became a more polished five-day-a-week show. Also, college soundbites were added as part of an additional emphasis on collegiate football.
Successor
In 2008, NFL Network cancelled this program and replaced it with Team Cam, which has a similar format but which also includes contributions from beat writers and bloggers. The host is Randy Moss (the former ESPN sportscaster, not the New England Patriots wide receiver of the same name). It airs weekdays at 4 p.m. Eastern time for two hours an episode.
References
NFL Network original programming
2003 American television series debuts
2008 American television series endings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tail%20of%20Beta%20Lyrae | The Tail of Beta Lyrae is a horizontally scrolling shooter written by Philip Price for the Atari 8-bit family and published in 1983 by Datamost. The music is by Gary Gilbertson. Price and Gilbertson later collaborated on the Alternate Reality games.
Plot
The Tail of Beta Lyrae puts the player in the role of "a wing commander assigned to the Beta Quadrant." Alien forces have occupied the mining colonies in the asteroid fields of the Beta Lyrae binary star system. The player pilots a fighter through the fields, destroying the alien invaders and their installations.
Gameplay
As the landscape scrolls past, the player uses a joystick to move the ship around the screen, avoiding attacks from laser and missile emplacements and destroying buildings, power generators, vessels and alien miners. The landscape and configuration of objects is generated pseudo-randomly. Objects within the levels may change after the user has owned the game for a certain amount of time.
Development
Philip Price stated that the "tail" in the game's name "came from a play on telling a tale and the setting of a binary star system which only had fragments of rock orbiting it because of the tidal forces brought on by the two suns; these fragments are the tail of the system's creation."
Audio
The Tail of Beta Lyrae'''s soundtrack was composed by Gary Gilbertson using Philip Price's Advanced Music Processor. Gilbertson considered the computer games to be an audio/visual experience, and even though he only had four square wave voices to work with, he was determined to make the sound as memorable as possible.
ReceptionThe Tail of Beta Lyrae was met with a very positive reception. The Addison-Wesley Book of Atari Software 1984 gave the game a very good rating (B+) and concluded: "The music deserves an award for originality, and the game equals the best of the scrolling shoot-'em-up games on the market. It has great depth, is extremely playable, and offers a challenge even on the easiest level. " Electronic Games reviewer found the game is "distinguished by extensive animation, a charming musical score and sophisticated programming". Mark Stinson in a 1994 retro review for Page 6 concluded: "In the Tail of Beta Lyrae you get excellent gameplay, superb graphics, fast action, and good sound effects and music. Add to this the incredibly low price and it's a sure fire winner. Buy it now."
See alsoAirstrikeCaverns of MarsStar Blazer
References
1983 video games
Atari 8-bit family games
Atari 8-bit family-only games
Fiction set around Beta Lyrae
Datamost games
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Video games developed in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelors%20Walk%20%28TV%20series%29 | Bachelors Walk was an Irish (RTÉ) comedy-drama series shot in and around Dublin. The programme was first broadcast on Network 2 on 1 October 2001. After a run of three series and an absence for three years, a one-off Christmas special which aired on St. Stephen's Day 2006 on RTÉ Two.
Plot
The series revolves around Barry, who is looking for a get-rich-quick scheme; Raymond, a film critic; and Michael, a barrister, who live in a house in Bachelors Walk in Dublin.
Cast
Keith McErlean as Barry
Don Wycherley as Raymond
Simon Delaney as Michael
Marcella Plunkett as Alison
Kelly Campbell as Jane
Donna Dent as Constance
Nick Lee as James Lester
Moya Farrelly as Sally
Antony Conaty as Estate Agent
Barbara Griffin as Jane
Ailish Symons as Jennifer
Vincent Walsh as Davor
Des Nealon as Michael's Father
Annie Ryan as Kate
Fiona Glascott as Rachel
Aidan Kelly as Dean Jordan
Oliver Maguire as Russell
Production
The first series was filmed during the summer of 2001 and most of the series was filmed on location in Dublin. The house where the series is set is on Lower Ormond Quay, west of the Millennium Bridge. The pub featured throughput the series is Mulligan's pub on Poolbeg Street. The second series was filmed during the summer of 2002, and the third and final series in the summer of 2003, each season airing in the autumn of that year respectively.
Episodes
Season 1 (2001)
Season 2 (2002)
Season 3 (2003)
Christmas Special (2006)
Release
Only the first series has been released on DVD; music rights issues have prevented the release of seasons 2 and 3.
References
External links
2001 Irish television series debuts
2006 Irish television series endings
Irish comedy-drama television series
RTÉ original programming
Television shows set in Dublin (city) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame%20Technology | Frame Technology may refer to:
Frame technology (software engineering), a modularity framework
Frame Technology Corporation, the original developers of the desktop publishing software Adobe FrameMaker |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFBG | WFBG (1290 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an adult top 40/CHR radio format in Altoona, Pennsylvania. It transmits with 5,000 watts during the day, and 1,000 watts at night. WFBG's programming is also heard on 1490 WNTJ in Johnstown, in which its translator is also on 104.5, although it has a separate stream. It is also heard on 92.1 WJHT, also in Johnstown.
History
WFBG was first licensed on July 23, 1924, to the William F. Gable Co., owner of Gable's department store in Altoona, for 100 watts on 1150 kHz. The call letters were randomly assigned from a sequential roster of available call signs. Later that year the station moved to 1080 kHz, and as of the end of 1926 was reported to be on 1070 kHz.
Following the establishment of the Federal Radio Commission (FRC), stations were initially issued a series of temporary authorizations starting on May 3, 1927, which moved the station back to 1080 kHz, which later that year was changed to 1120 kHz. In addition, stations were informed that if they wanted to continue operating, they needed to file a formal license application by January 15, 1928, as the first step in determining whether they met the new "public interest, convenience, or necessity" standard.
On May 25, 1928, the FRC issued General Order 32, which notified 164 stations, including WFBG, that "From an examination of your application for future license it does not find that public interest, convenience, or necessity would be served by granting it." However, the station successfully convinced the commission that it should remain licensed.
On November 11, 1928, the FRC made a major reallocation of station transmitting frequencies, as part of a reorganization resulting from its implementation of its General Order 40. WFBG was assigned to 1310 kHz, sharing the frequency with station WHBP in Johnstown. In 1939, WFBG was authorized to start operating for unlimited hours. On March 29, 1941, a second major reallocation, part of the implementation of the North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement, resulted in most stations on 1310 kHz, including WFBG, moving to 1340 kHz. In 1962, the station moved to 1290 kHz.
WFBG was known as "The Voice of the Alleghenies". It was a very influential and top-rated station, the biggest station between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh. In the 1960s, the station had a Top 40 format. At the time, the Morning Mayor, as he was called, was Big John Riley, working from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. Dick Richards followed from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Dan Resh did the 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. shift and Dick DiAndrea owned the night from 7 p.m. to midnight. DiAndrea also hosted a very popular Bandstand program on dual CBS/ABC (now primary CBS) station WFBG-TV (now WTAJ-TV). Weekends on the radio were handled by Bill Bukowski (8 a.m. to 4 p.m.) and Bob Witten (4p to midnight). The news team included Del Smith, Charles Ritchey, and Bob Witten. The station was purchased by Triangle Publications under Walter Annenberg in Philadelphia. General Manage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail%20Deveraux | Abigail Deveraux is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network. Abigail was created by scriptwriter Sheri Anderson and executive producer Ken Corday. Abigail's storylines often focus on young love and budding romances. She is a member of the high class, core family, the Hortons. She is also the daughter of popular super couple Jack Deveraux and Jennifer Horton. Abigail was often titularized as the show's younger leading heroine when the character was portrayed by Ashley Benson, and is known for her popular fan pairing with Max Brady, which spanned from 2005 to 2007, when her character left for the United Kingdom to be with her parents. The character returned to the series in March 2011, then portrayed by Kate Mansi, but departed in June 2016. Marci Miller stepped into the role from November 2016 to November 2018. Following Miller's exit, Mansi returned to the role from November 2018 to February 2019. Mansi then appeared as Abigail that August in the spin-off, Chad and Abby in Paris, and then on the main show from November 2019 to May 2020. In September 2020, Miller returned to the role, until Abigail was killed off in July 2022.
Both Mansi and Miller's performances have been met with favorable reception from audiences and critics. Mansi won the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series for her portrayal of Abigail in 2017, and received a nomination in the Outstanding Guest Performer in a Drama Series category in 2019. Miller's portrayal later earned her three Daytime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2018, 2019 and 2022.
Casting
The role was originated by Meghan and Michael Nelson on October 19, 1992, who shared the role until December 8, 1994. Paige and Ryanne Kettner took over on December 20, 1994, until June 5, 1998, however they returned on October 13, 2000, and last appeared on January 2, 2001. Megan Corletto portrayed the role of Abigail from January 31, 2001, and remained until May 27, 2003. She was replaced by Jillian Clare from August 28, 2003, to June 24, 2004.
On October 31, 2004, it was announced that the character would be recast and rapidly aged to a teenager with fifteen-year-old actress Ashley Benson signed on to appear as Abby, she first appeared on November 12, 2004. Benson remained with the show for three years until her departure from the soap on May 2, 2007. Actress Emily Montague briefly played Abby for three episodes from April 2 to 4, 2007.
In December 2010, it was reported that the character of Abby would be brought back to the canvas with newcomer Kate Mansi assuming the role. Mansi first aired on March 2, 2011.
In January 2016, it was revealed that Mansi will be exiting the show; she last appeared on June 24, 2016. In June 2016, Soap Opera Digest broke the news that newcomer Marci Miller had been cast as Abigail. In the November 14, 2016, issue of Soap Opera Digest, it was confirmed that Miller would |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20J.%20Quartermaine | A.J. Quartermaine is a fictional character from General Hospital, an American soap opera on the ABC network. Born on-screen in 1979 as the only biological child of the iconic Drs. Alan and Monica Quartermaine, A.J. was "SORASed" in 1991, revising his birth year to 1973. The role has been most notably portrayed by the actors Sean Kanan from 1993 to 1997 and Billy Warlock from 1997 to 2003, with a brief return in 2005. Kanan made his on-screen return as A.J. on October 26, 2012, after a 15-year absence. Kanan announced in March 2014 that he would once again be leaving the series, voicing his disappointment over the writing for the character.
Casting
The newborn A.J. was portrayed by child actor Eric Kroh from 1979 to 1983. Abraham Geary portrayed A.J. April 16, 1983 continuing the part through Spring 1987. The role was also portrayed by Jason Marsden (1986–1988), Christopher Nelson (1988), Justin Whalin (April 1988 – 1989). On June 20, 1991, Gerald Hopkins stepped in the role of A.J. on contract and last appeared on December 30, 1992. The role was recast with Sean Kanan, who made his first appearance in the role on February 16, 1993. Kanan last appeared in the role on June 10, 1997. Kanan received a nomination for the Soap Opera Digest Award for Best Newcomer for his portrayal of A.J. in 1994.
Following Kanan's departure, actor Billy Warlock was hired for the role of A.J., and he made his debut on June 13, 1997. In 2003, Warlock earned a pre-nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for his portrayal of A.J.. Warlock departed from the series in December 2003, amongst rumors that he was fired after disputes with show executives; the network replied his exit was due to lack of storyline.
In early 2005, the network's announcement of Warlock's return as A.J. was briefly put on hold, speculated as contract disputes. Warlock's return first aired on February 4, 2005, and shortly thereafter Warlock announced his return to the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives as Frankie Brady. Warlock's exit lead to rumors of Kanan's possible reprisal of the role, who had recently announced move to recurring status in his role as Deacon Sharpe in the CBS Daytime soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful. Warlock exited the series in April 2005 and the character was killed off.
On September 17, 2012, Kanan revealed in an interview with TV Guides Michael Logan that he was put on contract with General Hospital, but his character was not being announced. Rumors arose that Kanan might replace Steve Burton in the role of A.J.'s brother, Jason Morgan; the resemblance between the two fed into the rumors. Kanan first appeared on October 26, revealed to be A.J., retconing the character's death. On March 17, 2014, it was announced that Kanan would once again be leaving the role of A.J.
Storylines
1979–1990
Alan James Quartermaine Jr. was introduced in December 1979, during a severe snow storm. At the time, his mother, Monica (Leslie Cha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flixster | Flixster was an American social-networking movie website for discovering new movies, learning about movies, and meeting others with similar tastes in movies, currently owned by parent company Fandango. The formerly independent site, allows users to view movie trailers as well as learn about new and upcoming movies at the box office. It was originally based in San Francisco, California and was founded by Joe Greenstein and Saran Chari on January 20, 2006. It was also the former parent company of Rotten Tomatoes from January 2010 to February 17, 2016. On February 17, 2016, Flixster, including Rotten Tomatoes, was acquired by Fandango.
History
In February 2016, Fandango acquired Flixster and began migrating Flixster Video users to its competing service called FandangoNow, closing the Flixster Video service. On August 28, 2017, Flixster shut down its digital redemption and streaming video service and directed customers to use Vudu. On December 22, 2017, the company sent an email to customers saying that it would cease all operations in the U.S. as of February 20, 2018. Starting in late January 2018, visitors to Flixster.com were encouraged to download the Flixster app or were redirected to Fandango.com. They were also directed to continue watching videos and redeeming digital codes via Vudu.
In February 2018, the Flixster website was no longer functioning and directed users to Fandango.com. Flixster Video's website and mobile apps, including UltraViolet code redemption, streaming, and downloading services are still available in various other countries, such as Canada. Flixster account holders would later have any of their purchased content sent to its competitor Vudu.
In June 2019, Flixster announced that it will shut down its streaming video services in all countries that Flixster Video operates outside of the U.S. on October 31, 2019, due to the shutdown of UltraViolet. Customers in these areas were asked to transfer their content to Google Play, although Flixster warned users that due to rights restrictions, not all videos purchased on a Flixster library would be transferable depending on country.
Site information
Between November 2006 and January 2007, the number of daily page views reported for Flixster by Alexa Toolbar users rose from fewer than 20 million to around 50 million. Quantcast reported that the number of global daily page views for Flixster.com peaked at 8,331,961 on January 23, 2008, and dropped to 1,325,685 by July 5, 2008. Alexa stopped reporting daily page views as of June 2008; the number of page views for Flixster as a percentage decreased by almost two-thirds from mid-December 2007 to mid-June 2008.
Flixster's Facebook application, Movies, was consistently one of the most popular apps on that site; its daily user totals peaked in December 2007. By September 2010, its popularity had waned significantly; its 2.98 million monthly active users placed the Movies app as the ninth most-used entertainment application on Facebook |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darerca%20of%20Ireland | Saint Darerca of Ireland was a sister of Saint Patrick.
Life
Much obscurity is attached to her history, and it is not easy to disentangle the facts of her history from the network of legend which medieval writers interwove with her acts. Her fame, apart from her relationship to Ireland's national apostle, stands secure as not only a great saint but as the mother of many saints.
When Saint Patrick visited Bredach, as is found in the "Tripartite Life of St. Patrick," he ordained Aengus mac Ailill, the local chieftain of Moville, now a seaside resort for the citizens of Derry. While there he found "the three deacons," his sister's sons, namely, Saint Reat, Saint Nenn, and Saint Aedh, who are commemorated respectively on 3 March, 25 April, and 31 August.
Darerca was at least twice married. Among her husbands, according to histories in Brittany, she was the second wife of Conan Meriadoc and the mother of his eldest son, Gradlon Mawr who became Gradlon the Great, King of Brittany.
Darerca's second husband, Chonas the Briton, founded the church of Both-chonais, now Binnion, Parish of Clonmany, in the barony of Inishowen, County Donegal. She had children by both husbands, some say seventeen sons, all of whom, according to Colgan, became bishops (according to Breton history at least one became King of Brittany, rather than serve the church as a bishop). From the "Tripartite Life of Saint Patrick" it is evident that there were four sons of Darerca by Chonas, namely four bishops, Saint Mel of Ardagh, Saint Rioc of Inisboffin, Saint Muinis of Forgney, County Longford, and Saint Maelchu. It is well to note that another Saint Muinis, son of Gollit, is described as of Tedel in Ara-cliath.
Darerca had two daughters, Saint Eiche of Kilglass and Saint Lalloc of Senlis. Her first husband was Restitutus the Lombard, after whose death she married Chonas the Briton. By Restitutus she was mother of Saint Sechnall of Dunshaughlin; Saint Nectan of Killunche, and of Fennor (near Slane); of Saint Auxilius of Killossey (near Naas, County Kildare); of Saint Diarmaid of Druim-corcortri (near Navan); of Dabonna, Mogornon, Drioc, Luguat, and Coemed Maccu Baird (the Lombard) of Cloonshaneville, near Frenchpark, County Roscommon.
Four other sons are assigned her by old Irish writers, namely Saint Crummin of Lecua, Saint Miduu, Saint Carantoc, and Saint Maceaith. The latter is identical with Liamania, according to Colgan, but must not be confounded with Saint Monennia, or Darerca, whose feast is on 6 July.
Saint Darerca is honoured on 22 March, and is patroness of Valentia Island.
See also
Darerca
References
Romano-British saints
Late Ancient Christian female saints
5th-century Irish people
Medieval Irish saints
Female saints of medieval Ireland
5th-century Christian saints
5th-century Irish women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eltron%20Programming%20Language | Eltron Programming Language (EPL) is a printer control language used to produce printed labels for various Eltron model printers.
It was superseded by Zebra Programming Language (ZPL) after Zebra Technologies acquired Eltron.
EPL2
EPL2 is a markup, line-at-a-time language, suitable for printing on media of reduced space, and although it supports bitmaps (and therefore, arbitrary images), its use is usually for labels including barcode information.
Each EPL2 line starts with one or more letters (indicating the command), and may be followed by one or more comma-separated arguments. Commands and arguments are case-sensitive.
Arguments that are numeric or belong to a fixed set of options (see i.e. the reverse argument for A) are inlined, and any string or set of variable values must be surrounded by double-quotes (" - see i.e. the text argument for A).
References
Further reading
External links
Git repository containing manuals for EPL and Java code
Page description languages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Maintenance%2090210 | High Maintenance 90210 is an American reality series that premiered on the E!: Entertainment Television network on January 1, 2007.
Synopsis
The show follows a group of Beverly Hills butlers, nannies, and chefs as they perform a variety of jobs for a very selective and wealthy clientele. Various clients contact Jack Lippman, owner of the Elizabeth Rose Agency, who sends out potential employees to the homes of the clients. Each employee attempts to meet the demands of their extremely picky clients in hopes of earning a permanent position.
Cast
Jack Lippman - Owner of the Elizabeth Rose Agency
Julie Swales - Head of the Elizabeth Rose Agency's nanny division
Marcel Cicot - Personal chef
Brian Armstrong - Butler
Lucy Treadway - Nanny
Norwood Young - R&B singer, employed Brian Armstrong as his personal butler
Christina Fulton - Actress looking for a personal assistant
Episodes
References
External links
High Maintenance 90210 @ E! Online
2007 American television series debuts
2007 American television series endings
2000s American reality television series
E! original programming
English-language television shows
Television shows set in Los Angeles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verilog%20Procedural%20Interface | The Verilog Procedural Interface (VPI), originally known as PLI 2.0, is an interface primarily intended for the C programming language. It allows behavioral Verilog code to invoke C functions, and C functions to invoke standard Verilog system tasks. The Verilog Procedural Interface is part of the IEEE 1364 Programming Language Interface standard; the most recent edition of the standard is from 2005. VPI is sometimes also referred to as PLI 2, since it replaces the deprecated Program Language Interface (PLI).
While PLI 1 was deprecated in favor of VPI (aka. PLI 2), PLI 1 is still commonly used over VPI due to its much more widely documented tf_put, tf_get function interface that is described in many verilog reference books.
Use of C++
C++ is integrable with VPI (PLI 2.0) and PLI 1.0, by using the "extern C/C++" keyword built into C++ compilers.
Example
As an example, consider the following Verilog code fragment:
val = 41;
$increment(val);
$display("After $increment, val=%d", val);
Suppose the increment system task increments its first parameter by one. Using C and the VPI mechanism, the increment task can be implemented as follows:
// Implements the increment system task
static int increment(char *userdata) {
vpiHandle systfref, args_iter, argh;
struct t_vpi_value argval;
int value;
// Obtain a handle to the argument list
systfref = vpi_handle(vpiSysTfCall, NULL);
args_iter = vpi_iterate(vpiArgument, systfref);
// Grab the value of the first argument
argh = vpi_scan(args_iter);
argval.format = vpiIntVal;
vpi_get_value(argh, &argval);
value = argval.value.integer;
vpi_printf("VPI routine received %d\n", value);
// Increment the value and put it back as first argument
argval.value.integer = value + 1;
vpi_put_value(argh, &argval, NULL, vpiNoDelay);
// Cleanup and return
vpi_free_object(args_iter);
return 0;
}
Also, a function that registers this system task is necessary. This function is invoked prior to elaboration or resolution of references when it is placed in the externally visible vlog_startup_routines[] array.
// Registers the increment system task
void register_increment() {
s_vpi_systf_data data = {vpiSysTask, 0, "$increment", increment, 0, 0, 0};
vpi_register_systf(&data);
}
// Contains a zero-terminated list of functions that have to be called at startup
void (*vlog_startup_routines[])() = {
register_increment,
0
};
The C code is compiled into a shared object that will be used by the Verilog simulator. A simulation of the earlier mentioned Verilog fragment will now result in the following output:
VPI routine received 41
After $increment, val=42
See also
SystemVerilog DPI
Sources
IEEE Xplore
Sources for Verilog VPI interface
Teal, for C++
JOVE, for Java
Ruby-VPI, for Ruby
ScriptEDA, for Perl, Python, Tcl
Cocotb , for Python
OrigenSim, for Ruby
External links
Verilog PLI primer
Verilog VPI tutorial
IEEE standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHKZ | WHKZ (1440 AM) is a non-commercial radio station licensed to Warren, Ohio, featuring a Catholic–based Christian format as an owned-and-operated station in the Relevant Radio network. The station serves both Sharon, Pennsylvania, and Youngstown, Ohio. WHKZ's transmitter resides on Calson-Salt Springs Road in Warren, operating at a continuous power of 5,000 watts; the directional antenna pattern uses two towers during the day, and six towers at night.
History
The station originally signed on November 11, 1941, at 250 watts on 1400 kHz., as WRRN, the call letters being a contraction of "Warren." In 1946, the power was increased to 5000 watts and the frequency got changed to 1440 kHz. In 1948, it was purchased by Helen Hart Hurlburt, publisher of the Tribune-Chronicle, and the call sign was changed to WHHH, to reflect her initials. Under her ownership, a construction permit was obtained for a television station, WHHH-TV on channel 67 in the early 1950s, but the station never made it onto the air, probably because of the vagaries of operating a UHF station at the time.
Hurlburt sold the station to Warren Broadcasting Co. headed by Frank Mangano of East Liverpool, Ohio in 1981, and the call letters were changed to WRRO (for "Warren, Ohio") on May 4, 1981. The format at that time became Rock Oldies.
The station was subsequently purchased in February 1996 by Star Communications, Inc., headed by Art Greenberg and Phil Levine of Cleveland. Under Star Communications, WRRO flipped to a sports talk format. Dan McDowell, Dave Denholm, Daryl Ruiter and Eric Boland are some of the personalities to grace the airwaves during this time.
The call sign was changed to WRBP on September 25, 1998 (calls that were warehoused from the 101.9 facility in Hubbard, Ohio after that station was leased out by then-owner Stop 26/Riverbend to Jacor/Clear Channel, and operated it as WBTJ).
Star Communications sold the station to Salem Communications in early 2001, and the calls were changed to WHKW on March 15, 2001. The new call letters where adapted from the calls of WHK in Cleveland which Salem had purchased five years earlier, with the second "W" either standing for Warren or for WHK's "The Word" slogan.
It operated briefly as WFHM from July 6 to August 16, 2001, when Salem parked the WFHM call letters here while operating its newly obtained FM station in Cleveland as WHK-FM, then changed back to WHKW. When Salem Communications moved the WHKW calls to Cleveland for its station on 1220 kHz (due to the WHK callsign moving back to its original home of 1420 kHz) the call letters of the Warren station were changed to WHKZ on April 13, 2005. Programming on WHKZ was supplied mostly by the Salem Radio Network, with the bulk of the schedule simulcast from WHKW in Cleveland, in addition to running Warren native Hugh Hewitt's talk show in the early evening hours.
In February 2008, an agreement was reached for Pittsburgh's Pentecostal Temple Church to acquire WHKZ for a reported s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports%20Entertainment%20Network | Sports Entertainment Network (SEN), formerly Crocmedia, is an Australian radio and television distribution company established in 2006 by journalists James Swanwick and Craig Hutchison. SEN's parent company is Sports Entertainment Group (SEG), formerly Pacific Star Network.
SEN owns broadcast rights to AFL, A-League Men and A-League Women matches and Socceroos and Matildas home games. In 2016, it signed a $10 million six-year deal with the AFL for the national radio broadcasting rights for all AFL games.
History
Sports Entertainment Network was formed in 2006 as Crocmedia in the United States as a public relations company selling entertainment and news content. Now focusing on sports, the company produces content relating to AFL, soccer, rugby league, golf and racing which is broadcast on hundreds of radio stations across Australia.
Crocmedia entered the mainstream in late 2009 when it was announced that it would operate a live AFL radio service that would be syndicated throughout regional areas. Many regional broadcasters, including Ace Radio stations, 3BA, 3NE and Edge FM, replaced their existing feed – typically 3AW or Triple M – with the new Crocmedia feed. Crocmedia achieved further publicity by signing veteran broadcasters Sandy Roberts and Rex Hunt to provide commentary.
Crocmedia generated controversy in Albury-Wodonga in 2010 when 2AY announced that it would replace the popular 3AW program Sports Today with Sportsday. In November 2016, Crocmedia announced program partnership agreements with a number of radio broadcasters, which saw the merger of the metro Sports Today and regional Sportsday programs. From January 2017, Sportsday, with Sports Today hosts Gerard Healy and Dwayne Russell, aired weeknights on 3AW and across regional Victoria and Tasmania. Sportsday later expanded across the country.
Crocmedia received attention in January 2015, after the Federal Circuit Court fined the company $24,000 for breaching the minimum wage conditions of two employees. Judge Riethmuller branded Crocmedia's actions as 'exploitative'.
In January 2018, Pacific Star Network, the owner of SEN radio, confirmed it had acquired 100 per cent of equity in Crocmedia. Under the plan, existing Crocmedia CEO Craig Hutchison became the largest shareholder and CEO of the merged company.
In July 2019, Crocmedia purchased 23 narrowband radio licences across Australia including Sydney, Brisbane, Perth, Gold Coast, Darwin and Alice Springs.
In October 2020, Crocmedia was rebranded Sports Entertainment Network, with the media and content business to share an acronym with its SEN radio stations.
In March 2021, Sports Entertainment Network announced that it would expand into New Zealand, and subsequently acquired TAB NZ's 30 AM and FM broadcast licences. SENZ launched on 19 July 2021. The New Zealand subsidiary purchased New Zealand National Basketball League (NZNBL) team the Otago Nuggets in November 2021.
In April 2022, SEN purchased Women's National Basketball |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dcraw | dcraw is an open-source computer program which is able to read numerous raw image format files, typically produced by mid-range and high-end digital cameras. dcraw converts these images into the standard TIFF and PPM image formats. This conversion is sometimes referred to as developing a raw image (by analogy with the process of film development) since it renders raw image sensor data (a "digital negative") into a viewable form.
A number of other image processing programs use dcraw internally to enable them to read raw files.
Development of dcraw began on February 23, 1997. Version 1.0 was released in revision 1.18, on May 5, 2000. Versions up to 3.15 used the name Canon PowerShot Converter, starting with v3.40 the name was Raw Photo Decoder, switching to Raw Photo Decoder "dcraw" in v5.70. Version 8.86 supported 300 cameras.
The development has stalled, with only two releases since May 2015 and the last release dated June 2018, but parts of dcraw are included in LibRaw.
Motivation
While most camera manufacturers supply raw image decoding software for their cameras, this software is almost always proprietary, and often becomes unsupported when a camera model is discontinued. The file formats themselves are often undocumented, and several manufacturers have gone so far as to encrypt all or part of the data in their raw image format, in an attempt to prevent third-party software from accessing it.
Given this ever-expanding plethora of raw image formats, and uncertain and inconsistent support for them by the manufacturers, many photographers worry that their valuable raw images may become unreadable as the applications and operating systems required become obsolete.
In contrast to proprietary decoding software, dcraw strives for simplicity, portability, and consistency, as expressed by its author:So here is my mission: Write and maintain an ANSI C program that decodes any raw image from any digital camera on any computer running any operating system.
Design
Because many raw image formats are specific to one make or model of camera, dcraw is frequently updated to support new models. For many proprietary raw image formats, dcraw's source code (based largely on reverse-engineering) is the best—or only—publicly available documentation. dcraw currently supports the raw formats of several hundred cameras.
dcraw is built around the Unix philosophy. The program is a command line tool which takes a list of raw image files to process, along with any image adjustment options desired. dcraw also serves as the basis for various high-level raw image-processing applications (such as viewers and converters), both free and open source software as well as proprietary software.
GUI front-ends
Several GUI front-ends for dcraw are available. These applications use dcraw as a back-end to do the actual processing of raw images, but present a graphical interface with which the image processing options can be adjusted.
AZImage – image converter (uses LibRaw |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decillionix | Decillionix was a company based in Sunnyvale, California which sold computer music hardware and software in the mid-1980s. Its first product was the DX-1 for the Apple II, sold in 1983. The DX-1 consisted of a monophonic 8-bit audio input card, a monophonic 8-bit audio output card, and the DX-1 Effects II software. Decillionix later produced MIDI software and hardware.
Decillionix was run by Dan Retzinger.
Decillionix ceased operations in 1987.
Products
Original DX-1 two-card sampler, and Effects II software for Apple II (1983)
Single card version of the hardware for Apple II (1984)
Splash, an audio visualization program for Apple II (1984)
Echo II, an effects program for Apple II (1985)
P-Drum, a percussion sequencing program for Apple II (1985)
Synthestra, an hierarchical MIDI sequencing program for Apple II (1986)
The Box, a standalone MIDI effects device (1986)
Splash, P-Drum, and Synthestra were written by David Van Brink who also wrote Tubeway.
References
Defunct computer companies based in California
Defunct computer companies of the United States
Defunct software companies of the United States
Software companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area
Companies based in Sunnyvale, California
Computer companies established in 1983
Software companies established in 1983
Computer companies disestablished in 1987
Software companies disestablished in 1987
1983 establishments in California
1987 disestablishments in California
Defunct companies based in the San Francisco Bay Area |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMAC%20%28cryptography%29 | PMAC, which stands for parallelizable MAC, is a message authentication code algorithm. It was created by Phillip Rogaway.
PMAC is a method of taking a block cipher and creating an efficient message authentication code that is reducible in security to the underlying block cipher.
PMAC is similar in functionality to the OMAC algorithm.
Patents
PMAC is no longer patented and can be used royalty-free. It was originally patented by Phillip Rogaway, but he has since abandoned his patent filings.
References
External links
Phil Rogaway's page on PMAC
Changhoon Lee, Jongsung Kim, Jaechul Sung, Seokhie Hong, Sangjin Lee. "Forgery and Key Recovery Attacks on PMAC and Mitchell's TMAC Variant", 2006. (ps)
Rust implementation
Message authentication codes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Door%20Knock%20Dinners | Door Knock Dinners is a program that aired on Food Network in the late 1990s. The program featured Gordon Elliott taking a guest chef (or himself) into the home of a busy person/household and cooking the family a dinner using only the items they had in their home.
The Door Knock Dinners guest chef list includes the following:
Paula Deen – her appearance on the show led to her debuting her own show, Paula's Home Cooking, in November 2002.
Tyler Florence
Rokusaburo Michiba and Masaharu Morimoto – appeared on the show and prepared dinner for a family in Rye, New York ahead of Morimoto's first Iron Chef battle against Bobby Flay in New York City, which Elliott was the English-speaking MC for. The show adapted many Iron Chef mechanics in honor of them, including graphics and announcers as if the challenge were a Kitchen Stadium battle, and footage from the show was used in the Iron Chef New York Special, including the original Japanese version that aired on Fuji TV.
References
Food Network original programming
1990s American cooking television series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri%20Cohen%20%28number%20theorist%29 | Henri Cohen (born 8 June 1947) is a number theorist, and a professor at the University of Bordeaux. He is best known for leading the team that created the PARI/GP computer algebra system. He introduced the Rankin–Cohen bracket and has written several textbooks in computational and algebraic number theory.
Selected publications
; 2nd correct. print 1995; 1st printing 1993
References
External links
Personal web page
Number theorists
École Normale Supérieure alumni
20th-century French mathematicians
21st-century French mathematicians
1947 births
Living people
Academic staff of the University of Bordeaux |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20League%20Baseball%20on%20CBS%20Radio | Major League Baseball on CBS Radio was the de facto title for the CBS Radio Network's coverage of Major League Baseball. Produced by CBS Radio Sports, the program was the official national radio broadcaster for the All-Star Game and the postseason (including the World Series) from 1976 to 1997.
History
Historically, the sports coverage now produced by Westwood One was branded as CBS Radio Sports and, like the news features, associated with the CBS Radio Network; however, after CBS began managing the original Westwood One in the mid-1990s, the sports broadcasts would come under the Westwood One banner (with both identities used in the late 1990s), a practice that would continue even after CBS stopped managing Westwood One in 2007. CBS launched a 24/7 sports radio network, "CBS Sports Radio" in fall 2012 through Cumulus Media Networks, owned by Cumulus Media (Cumulus Media Networks was merged into Westwood One in 2013, following Cumulus' acquisition of Westwood One).
Contracts
CBS first broadcast Major League Baseball in the early days of network radio, sharing World Series coverage with NBC beginning in 1927 and All-Star Game coverage beginning in 1933. Mutual joined them in ; the three networks continued to share coverage of baseball's "jewel" events through , with Mutual gaining exclusive rights to the World Series in and the All-Star Game in . NBC, in turn, would have exclusivity for both events from 1957 through 1975.
In , CBS Radio carried Saturday regular-season Brooklyn Dodgers home games played at Ebbets Field, simulcasting the team's local WMGM radio broadcasts with Red Barber and Connie Desmond announcing. The CBS simulcasts, which were sponsored by General Foods, were blacked out in major league cities but otherwise aired nationally.
From –, CBS Radio paid US$75,000 per year for rights to the World Series, All-Star Game, and League Championship Series. In the network added regular-season Saturday Game of the Week broadcasts.
By , CBS Television would get into the Major League Baseball broadcasting business (having last done so in ). This particular partnership would last through the season. Meanwhile, CBS Radio would pay Major League Baseball US$50 million for 1990–1993 radio rights to the Game of the Week and Sunday Night Baseball as well as the All-Star Game, League Championship Series, and World Series.
Following the season, CBS Radio signed a six-year contract worth US$50.5 million. Following the 1994 strike and the dissolving of "The Baseball Network" (a planned six-year-long television joint venture involving ABC, NBC and Major League Baseball), the television contracts had to be realigned. Ultimately, Major League Baseball on CBS Radio would last through the season before being succeeded by Major League Baseball on ESPN Radio.
The Game of the Week
In , CBS Radio started broadcasting a weekly Game of the Week. CBS Radio usually did two games each Saturday, one on the afternoons and another during the evenings. Typical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babak%20Hassibi | Babak Hassibi (, born in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian-American electrical engineer, computer scientist, and applied mathematician who is the inaugural Mose and Lillian S. Bohn Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computing and Mathematical Sciences at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech). From 2011 to 2016 he was the Gordon M Binder/Amgen Professor of Electrical Engineering. During 2008-2015 he was the Executive Officer of Electrical Engineering and Associate Director of Information Science and Technology.
He received an B.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tehran in 1989 and an M.S. and Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Stanford University in 1993 and 1996, respectively. At Stanford, his adviser was Thomas Kailath. He was a Research Associate in the Information Systems Laboratory at Stanford University during 1997-98 and was a Member of the Technical Staff in the Mathematics of Communications Research Group at Bell Laboratories from 1998 to 2000. Since 2001 he has been at Caltech.
His research is broadly in communications, signal processing and control. Among other works, he has shown the h-infinity-optimality of the least mean squares filter, used group-theoretic techniques to design space-time codes and frames and to study entropic vectors, performed information-theoretic studies of various wireless networks (such as determining the capacity of the MIMO wiretap channel), constructed tree codes for interactive communication and control, developed various algorithms and performance analyses for compressed sensing and structured signal recovery, studied epidemic spread in complex networks, and co-invented real-time DNA microarrays.
He is the recipient of the 2003 Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE), the 2003 David and Lucille Packard Fellowship for Science and Engineering, the Okawa Foundation Research Grant in Information Sciences in 2002 and the National Science Foundation Career Award in 2002.
His grandfather was the late Kazem Hassibi, an Iranian academic, parliamentarian, National Front leader, and oil adviser (Under-Secratary of Finance, 1952 to 1954) to Mohammad Mosaddegh during Iran's oil nationalization.
References
External links
Babak Hassibi's web site
Babak Hassibi at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
Babak Hassibi's academic ancestors' tree and list
Iranian electrical engineers
Iranian engineers
American people of Iranian descent
21st-century American engineers
University of Tehran alumni
Stanford University alumni
California Institute of Technology faculty
Engineers from Tehran
Living people
Iranian expatriate academics
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Corps%20Tactical%20Systems%20Support%20Activity | The Marine Corps Tactical Systems Support Activity (MCTSSA) is the Marine Air-Ground Task Force (MAGTF) Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence (C4I) Integration center for the United States Marine Corps. They are a component of Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) and are located at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California
Mission
MCTSSA is the Marine Corps' organization for integration, interoperability, and technical support for tactical C4I systems to ensure Marines continue to win battles by:
Providing technical support to the Commanding General, MARCORSYSCOM, and Program Managers to acquire and sustain Command, Control, Communication, Computer, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C4ISR) products for the Operating Forces.
Providing technical support to the Operating Forces for fielded command and control systems.
Providing technical support to the Deputy Commander for C4I Integration, MARCORSYSCOM, for systems engineering and integration.
Providing a Systems Integration Environment.
History
Marine Corps leaders, with the advent of automation, saw the need within the Marine Corps for a single focal point for computer driven tactical systems. Marine leaders founded MCTSSA to support the technology requirements of the C4ISR community. As Marines learned how to take advantage of automation, MCTSSA monitored tactical systems development and prepared for transition and fielding to the Operating Forces. Requirements changed as computers grew in memory, power, and downsized. MCTSSA met the evolving C4ISR needs by changing their core competencies, workforce skill sets, size and composition, infrastructure, facility, and organizational structure. In 1970, the Marine Corps took ownership of its first computer based Command and Control (C2) System.
Initially MCTSSA was assigned to the Marine Corps Development & Education Command (MCDEC) at Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia and was funded totally with RDT&E dollars. The command was functionally organized into a Headquarters element, Programming Branch, Test Branch, Configuration Management (CM)/ Quality Assurance (QA) Branch, and Maintenance Branch. The skill set of the workforce was predominantly software programmers, CM & QA specialists, test specialists, data link interoperability experts, operational Marines and maintenance Marines. There were no Project Officers, Fund Administrators, or Contracting Officers on the compound. The only support contractors on the compound were for hardware maintenance. When the Position, Location, and Reporting System (PLRS) was fielded in 1977, MCTSSA became the software support facility for that Joint Service system. The other Services sent money to MCTSSA to pay for software updates. MCTSSA completed its first decade as a specialist in software support to the Tactical Air Operations Center (TAOC) and PLRS systems.
In the 1980s, computers started to become small and powerful enough to begin to find their way into tac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password%20fatigue | Password fatigue is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an excessive number of passwords as part of their daily routine, such as to log in to a computer at work, undo a bicycle lock or conduct banking from an automated teller machine. The concept is also known as password chaos, or more broadly as identity chaos.
Causes
The increasing prominence of information technology and the Internet in employment, finance, recreation and other aspects of people's lives, and the ensuing introduction of secure transaction technology, has led to people accumulating a proliferation of accounts and passwords.
According to a survey conducted in February 2020 by password manager Nordpass, a typical user has 100 passwords.
Some factors causing password fatigue are:
unexpected demands that a user create a new password
unexpected demands that a user create a new password that uses a particular pattern of letters, digits, and special characters
demand that the user type the new password twice
frequent and unexpected demands for the user to re-enter their password throughout the day as they surf to different parts of an intranet
blind typing, both when responding to a password prompt and when setting a new password.
Responses
Some companies are well organized in this respect and have implemented alternative authentication methods, or have adopted technologies so that a user's credentials are entered automatically. However, others may not focus on ease of use, or even worsen the situation, by constantly implementing new applications with their own authentication system.
Single sign-on software (SSO) can help mitigate this problem by only requiring users to remember one password to an application that in turn will automatically give access to several other accounts, with or without the need for agent software on the user's computer. A potential disadvantage is that loss of a single password will prevent access to all services using the SSO system, and moreover theft or misuse of such a password presents a criminal or attacker with many targets.
Integrated password management software - Many operating systems provide a mechanism to store and retrieve passwords by using the user's login password to unlock an encrypted password database. Microsoft Windows provides Credential Manager to store usernames and passwords used to log on to websites or other computers on a network; iOS, iPadOS, and macOS share a Keychain feature that provides this functionality; and similar functionality is present in the GNOME and KDE open source desktops. In addition, web browser developers have added similar functionality to all the major browsers. Although, if the user's system is corrupted, stolen or compromised, they can also lose access to sites where they rely on the password store or recovery features to remember their login data.
Third-party (add-on) password management software such as KeePass and Password Safe can help mitigate the problem of pas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Anantharaman | Thomas S. Anantharaman is a computer statistician specializing in Bayesian inference approaches for NP-complete problems. He is best known for his work with Feng-hsiung Hsu from 1985 to 1990 on the Chess playing computers ChipTest and Deep Thought at Carnegie Mellon University which led to his 1990 PhD Dissertation: "A Statistical Study of Selective Min-Max Search in Computer Chess". This work was the foundation for the IBM chess-playing computer Deep Blue which beat world champion Garry Kasparov in 1997.
Anantharaman obtained a B.Tech. degree in Electronics in 1982 from the Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University (now Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi). He got (in 1977) IIT-JEE rank (AIR) # 2. Anantharaman went to USA and joined Carnegie Mellon University as a PhD student where he worked on the chess playing computers ChipTest and DeepThought with Feng-hsiung Hsu. Anantharaman received his PhD degree in 1990 and joined the field of biotechnology and Feng-hsiung Hsu joined IBM to design the Deep Blue IBM super-computer, which defeated Garry Kasparov in the historic chess match.
In 1985, Carnegie Mellon University graduate students Feng-hsiung Hsu, Anantharaman, Murray Campbell and Andreas Nowatzyk used spare chips they'd found to put together a chess-playing machine that they called ChipTest. By 1987, the machine, integrating some innovative ideas about search strategies, had become the reigning computer chess champion. A successor, Deep Thought, using two special-purpose chips, plus about 200 off-the-shelf chips, working in parallel, achieved grandmaster-level play.
Following this work, Anantharaman focused his attentions into the field of biostatistics and the application of Bayesian methods to the analysis of single molecule Optical Mapping technologies. Currently he is working as Senior Bioinformatics Software Engineer at BioNano Genomics, Inc., San Diego, CA.
References
External links
American computer scientists
Tamil scientists
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
American people of Indian Tamil descent
Computer chess people
Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi alumni
Living people
American people of Indian descent
Banaras Hindu University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Hero%20Time | is a programming block on the Japanese television network TV Asahi featuring new episodes of tokusatsu television series from the Super Sentai, Kamen Rider and Metal Heroes. Both series have decades of history and have been intertwined in the public imagination for some time, not least of all because the driving creative force behind both was manga artist Shotaro Ishinomori and both were produced by the same production company, Toei Company; however, they did not air together until 2000 with Kamen Rider Kuuga and Kyuukyuu Sentai GoGoFive (which was quickly replaced by Mirai Sentai Timeranger 2 weeks later), though at the time they were not acknowledged together. Super Hero Time airs every Sunday morning, from 9:00 to 10:00 JST. The block is shown all over Japan via the All-Nippon News Network. Though, in other prefectures, one or both shows can be seen on other stations which are not affiliated with ANN.
History
Starting in the late 1960s, the hour was originally meant for educational children's programs. Over the years the hour began including henshin (transforming) hero programs, one of the first being .
On October 4, 1987, Toei's Choujinki Metalder was moved from a Monday evening 19:00 JST time slot to a Sunday morning 9:00 JST time slot, followed by a move of Kidou Keiji Jiban to 8:00 JST Sunday morning on April 2, 1989. Similarly, on April 6, 1997, Denji Sentai Megaranger was moved from a Friday evening 17:00 JST time slot to the Sunday morning 7:30 JST time slot, pairing it up with B-Robo Kabutack. The Super Sentai Series programs would continue to air at 7:30 JST after the Metal Hero Series ended and Moero!! Robocon aired in its slot on January 31, 1999, and was followed by the premiere of Kamen Rider Kuuga on January 30, 2000.
Although a Super Sentai Series and a Kamen Rider Series aired side-by-side, the Super Hero Time branding of the shows did not begin until the Autumn 2003 broadcast season (known as until the 2005 broadcast season). As part of the block, actors from the programs often interact with each other to promote each other's shows, films, and perform skits. Satoru Akashi (Mitsuomi Takahashi) and Souji Tendou (Hiro Mizushima) talked about each other's universes, and Master Xia Fu (voiced by Ichirō Nagai) often showed up on the Den-Liner to talk with the Imagin and Ryotaro Nogami (Takeru Satoh) in cartoonish caricatures. The 2008 broadcast introduced new changes to the block, including scenes from the show's episode.
For the 2009 television season, Kamen Rider Decade only aired for 31 episodes, allowing for the broadcast of Kamen Rider W for a full 49-episode run. This has introduced an offset of five months between the series premieres of the yearly Super Sentai Series (which premieres in mid-February) and Kamen Rider Series (which premiered in early September since then), instead of an approximate month-long offset that had existed before (Kamen Rider Series premiered in mid-January). This offset was shortened to four mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20of%20Aden%3A%20Thunderscape | World of Aden: Thunderscape is a swords & sorcery role-playing video game for MS-DOS compatible operating systems developed by Strategic Simulations and published by Mindscape in 1995. The game is based on the world described in the fantasy trilogy of the same name.
Plot
The world has recently and drastically changed from medieval swords-and-sorcery to a mixed renaissance and Industrial Revolution tech level. Flintlocks and muskets are the best weapons an adventurer can hope for, but there are extremely expensive, very powerful machine guns called "storm cannons". The world has also recently fallen under the effects of the "Darkfall", an event causing thousands of demons or "nocturnals" to enter the world, along with Corrupted, those who have made a deal with the forces of the Darkfall for power-and usually a curse of some sort.
Gameplay
The player controls a party with up to six members with skills, spells, and equipment.
Release
Strategic Simulations developed World of Aden: Thunderscape. Mindscape published it in early 1995. A follow-up, Entomorph, was also released that year. The property was acquired by Kyoudai Games in 2013.
World of Aden: Thunderscape was re-released in 2013 on GOG.com with Microsoft Windows support.
Reception
T. Liam McDonald of PC Gamer US wrote: "It's fun, it's different, it's well-done, and it promises great things for the future of this World of Aden line". The magazine left its Game of the Year award category for "Best Roleplaying Game" empty in 1995, as the editors believed none of the year's releases were strong enough to deserve it. However, the editors nevertheless highlighted Thunderscape as "a very good game", which "gave us hope for much better games in the future".
In Computer Gaming World, Scorpia wrote that Thunderscapes automap is "among the most horrible I have ever seen", and she found fault with the game's extensive length and lack of polish. While she enjoyed the first quarter of the game, she believed that its later sections devolved into an "interminable bore", which was "likely to appeal most to the devoted hack-and-slasher". The magazine later included Thunderscape in its holiday 1995 buyer's guide, where a writer noted that, despite the game's "minor problems", players "could do worse than visit ... [this] emerging world".
Andy Butcher reviewed Thunderscape for Arcane magazine, rating it a 6 out of 10 overall. Butcher comments that "it isn't a bad game. It's fun, and mildly absorbing. But it doesn't offer anything new and soon becomes boring".
In his book Dungeons and Desktops: The History of Computer Role-Playing Games (2008), the video game historian Matt Barton called Thunderscape and its companion Entomorph "well-crafted and highly playable games [that] attracted little interest from CRPG fans then or now".
Legacy
A pen and paper role-playing game (RPG) was produced by West End Games. In 2013, Kyoudai Games acquired the rights to the game, and is the current publisher of the tabletop |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zodiac%20%28cipher%29 | In cryptography, Zodiac is a block cipher designed in 2000 by Chang-Hyi Lee for the Korean firm SoftForum.
Zodiac uses a 16-round Feistel network structure with key whitening. The round function uses only XORs and S-box lookups. There are two 8×8-bit S-boxes: one based on the discrete exponentiation 45x as in SAFER, the other using the multiplicative inverse in the finite field GF(28), as introduced by SHARK.
Zodiac is theoretically vulnerable to impossible differential cryptanalysis, which can recover a 128-bit key in 2119 encryptions.
References
Further reading
Broken block ciphers
Feistel ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20Institute | Vector Institute may refer to:
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, a Russian biological research center.
The Vector Institute, a private artificial intelligence research institute in Toronto. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyriver | Skyriver was a business broadband Internet provider headquartered in San Diego, California. It was acquired by One Ring Networks in July, 2018. Skyriver delivered broadband Internet connectivity for enterprise and small-medium businesses, utilizing its proprietary millimeter wave technology. Skyriver offered commercial grade services including dedicated Internet access, Virtual Private Network (VPN), redundancy, and temporary Internet/event bandwidth in California.
History
Skyriver was founded in September 2000.
In March 2003 Skyriver formed the SkyWeb Alliance with two other regional providers in California.
Skyriver acquired California based internet service provider Terracom Network Services (TNS), closing the deal in March 2004.
In 2005 Skyriver acquired San Diego based IT outsourcing provider Integrate IT, Inc.
In 2007 Skyriver completed its backhaul upgrade in anticipation of its planned WiMAX rollout.
In 2007 Skyriver added Orange County, California to its fixed wireless service area.
Wireless broadband rates of 3 Mbit/s to 200 Mbit/s were marketed in Anaheim, La Habra, Garden Grove, Fullerton, Brea and Orange.
In 2008 Skyriver acquired the assets of Nethere, Inc. In 2016, Skyriver announced the successful completion of prelaunch field trials for its new mmWave Gigabit broadband. In 2017, Skyriver commercially deployed 5G class Point to Multipoint (PTMP) millimeter wave (mmWave) broadband service for the business segment, leveraging millimeter wave spectrum the company had acquired previously and its patented technology for commercial grade enterprise broadband connectivity.
Services
Skyriver offered dedicated, symmetrical commercial broadband Internet service and VPN, scalable up to 500 Mbit/s throughout Southern CA. Skyriver was a business ISP that did not provide residential services. Product suite includes: Skyriver Magnitude Broadband and VPN (mmWave); Skyriver Enterprise and Skyriver Pro (fixed wireless); Event/Hospitality Bandwidth; and temporary Internet for construction sites.
Skyriver used fixed wireless technology between mountain top and building top base stations to create a core network with a ring architecture with numerous gigabit connections to major data centers for Tier 1 peering to the Internet. For the core network, Skyriver utilized FCC licensed spectrum including 11 and 18 GHz for fixed wireless. Skyriver extended service from their core network to their customers via licensed millimeter wave spectrum (39 GHz and 31 GHz).
Skyriver's network was wholly owned: it did not lease or utilize any of the network architecture from major telecommunication providers.
See also
Wireless network
Wireless Internet service provider
References
External links
Wimax Forum
Google Finance
Hoovers
Skyriver and the Southern California Wildfires 2007
Skyriver homepage
TNS.net
Companies based in San Diego
Privately held companies based in California
Companies established in 2000
Internet service providers of the United Sta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten%20Guide | The Ten Guide was a television channel provided by Network Ten to digital television viewers in Australia. It began broadcasting on 1 July 2004 network-wide simultaneously on Network Ten in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth and was broadcast 24 hours per day. The channel ceased broadcasting on 20 November 2007.
Features
The Ten Guide featured a twenty-four-hour television guide for programming on Channel Ten. The channel also provided an updated television schedule for Channel Ten's programming, including information for the availability of native high-definition and ratings classification. Realtime weather information was also available for select Australian cities.
Live preview
A live video preview of Channel Ten was available on the Ten Guide. The live video preview was in a small, widescreen format.
Advertising
The Ten Guide advertised new and high rating television programs from Channel Ten via a large billboard loop. The advertising contained minimal broadcast information, however contained images of celebrities featured on Channel Ten.
Identity
The Ten Guides' onair look changed several times since July 2004 when the channel launched. The initial onair identity of the Ten Guide featured a small 16:9 ratio preview of Network Ten. The design and colour scheme was based on Network Ten's on-air branding in 2004, with the use of light blue, light grey, and white.
The most recent onair identity of the Ten Guide, prior to the channel's closure, launched on 1 June 2007. The guide featured a larger 16:9 ratio preview of Network Ten's main service. The design and colour scheme was based on Network Ten's on-air branding which launched in early 2007.
Demise
The Ten Guide was closed down on 20 November 2007, due to the channel needing to be removed to free up more room on the spectrum to enable the increase of the bit rate to the Network Ten and Ten HD channels, as well as providing an increased digital programming guide, which can be read on some digital televisions and set top boxes.
References
See also
Seven Guide
Nine Guide
SBS Essential
Network 10
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2007
English-language television stations in Australia
Digital terrestrial television in Australia
Defunct television channels in Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured%20Audio%20Orchestra%20Language | Structured Audio Orchestra Language (SAOL) is an imperative, MUSIC-N programming language designed for describing virtual instruments, processing digital audio, and applying sound effects. It was published as subpart 5 of MPEG-4 Part 3 (ISO/IEC 14496-3:1999) in 1999.
As part of the MPEG-4 international standard, SAOL is one of the key components of the MPEG-4 Structured Audio toolset, along with:
Structured Audio Score Language (SASL)
Structured Audio Sample Bank Format (SASBF)
The MPEG-4 SA scheduler
MIDI support
See also
Csound
MPEG-4 Structured Audio
References
The MPEG-4 Structured Audio Standard
External links
SAOL.net - MPEG4 structured audio (mp4-sa)
Audio programming languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GG | 3GG is an Australian commercial radio station based in Warragul, Victoria. Founded in 1937 as 3UL, it has been owned by the Capital Radio Network since February 2015.
History
3GG first went to air in 1937 as 3UL, named after the town from which it then broadcast; Warragul. 3UL's founder was Vic Dinenny. Dinenny had earlier operated 3YB as a mobile station, broadcasting from various towns around Victoria. As more and more rural stations opened in Victoria, the concept of a mobile station became less practical. Therefore, Dinenny applied for and received licences for two non-mobile (or conventional) stations, one in Warrnambool, which kept the 3YB call sign, and the other being 3UL in Warragul, which used the last two letters of the town name as its call sign.
Within a few years of opening, 3UL became part of the Argus Broadcasting Services network, along with 3YB Warrnambool and 3SR Shepparton. This Victorian rural radio network was operated by The Argus, then a daily newspaper. When The Argus closed in January 1957, their radio network evolved into the Associated Broadcasting Company which owned 3UL until it was sold to Regional Communications Pty Ltd in 1982. In August 1988 it was purchased by Shepparton Broadcasting. Wesgo purchased a 60% shareholding in March 1990. In 1990 the station was purchased by two private shareholders. Ace Radio purchased 3UL in 1995.
In November 1989, 3UL moved premises from Warragul to Traralgon, in the Latrobe Valley, and changed its callsign to 3GG. Under Program Director, Steve Woods, 3GG became the number one station in the listening area.
After ten years, 3GG returned to Warragul. In 2002, owners RG Capital launched sister station Sea FM. In 2004, both 3GG and Sea FM were purchased by Macquarie Regional RadioWorks – the only change being to Sea FM, which was rebranded as Star FM.
Because of changes in media law, and following the purchase of Southern Cross Ten by Macquarie Southern Cross Media, either Sea FM or 3GG would have to be sold - the latter was sold to Resonate Broadcasting, a new entity operated by Austereo executives Guy Dobson and Rex Morris. Due to Resonate's Austereo connections - and following the merger of Southern Cross Media Group and Austereo - the station was closely aligned to the Triple M network.
In February 2015, 3GG was acquired by the Capital Radio Network. As a result, the station shifted music formats from adult contemporary to classic hits, in line with other network stations.
Transmitter and studios
While the transmitter location has always remained on Brandy Creek Road just north of Warragul, the studio location has over the years changed from Warragul to Traralgon and back to Warragul at its current location of 7/61 Smith Street, Warragul. Its reception can be heard in Melbourne and Geelong.
Notable presenters
Current
Local programming is produced and broadcast from 3GG's studios in Smith Street, Warragul 24/7 with announcers presenting from 5:30am-7pm on weekdays and 6am |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TalkAsia | TalkAsia is a weekly half-hour interview show on CNN International, produced from the network's Asia-Pacific headquarters in Hong Kong. Each month, the show features a candid and in-depth conversation between a CNN correspondent and a newsmaker from the field of arts, politics, sports or business.
Guests who have appeared on Talk Asia include Victoria Beckham, Deepak Chopra, Manny Pacquiao, A. R. Rahman, Lady Gaga, Michelle Yeoh, Jason Mraz, Tadashi Yanai, Giorgio Armani, Yingluck Shinawatra, Kumar Sangakkara, Homare Sawa, Gary Locke, Julia Gillard, Gong Yoo and Big Bang.
References
External links
Official site
CNN original programming |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%202007%20%28Australia%29 | The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia. Its data, published by the Australian Recording Industry Association, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales. In 2007, 14 singles claimed the top spot, including Beyoncé's "Irreplaceable", which started its peak position in late 2006. Nine acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia, either as a lead or featured artist: Evermore, Hinder, Jay-Z, Fergie, Sean Kingston, Timbaland, Keri Hilson, The Veronicas and OneRepublic.
Timbaland earned two number-one singles during the year for "The Way I Are" and "Apologize". Fergie's "Big Girls Don't Cry" was the longest-running number-one single of 2007, having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine consecutive weeks. Hinder's "Lips of an Angel" topped the chart for seven consecutive weeks, while Avril Lavigne's "Girlfriend", Rihanna's "Umbrella", and Timbaland's "Apologize" each spent six weeks at the number-one spot. Kingston's "Beautiful Girls" spent five weeks at number one and Silverchair's "Straight Lines" topped the chart for four weeks. Kylie Minogue also achieved her tenth number-one in Australia in 2007, with "2 Hearts" spending one week at the top of the charts.
Chart history
Number-one artists
See also
2007 in music
List of number-one albums of 2007 (Australia)
List of top 25 singles for 2007 in Australia
List of top 10 singles for 2007 in Australia
References
Number-one singles
Australia Singles
2007 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XtremPC | XtremPC was a computer magazine from Romania founded in 1998. XtremPC included previews and reviews on computer hardware, software, PC games and gadgets as well as IT news. Although its major focus was on personal computers only, latter editions started including sections dedicated to game consoles as well. XtremPC was the first Romanian magazine to include a DVD in 2004, followed two years later by LeveL. The last issue of XtremPC was the May 2010 issue (No. 120), which appeared on 3 June 2010. The further issuing of the magazine temporarily ended as a result of a drop in the number of readers.
Format
XtremPC included four main sections:
IT Express – news and articles regarding the latest innovations in the IT world;
Hardware – news, previews, reviews, tests and comparison charts of computer hardware;
Software & Communication – news, reviews and tests on computer software and communication and multimedia devices;
Jocuri (Games) – news and reviews on PC games; later included console games as well.
Editions
The latter issues of the magazine were available in three editions based on the type of digital media that they included:
XtremPC (key-coloured in green) – included the magazine only, priced at 5.9 lei (approx US$2)
XtremPC CD (key-coloured in orange) – included the magazine as well as a Compact Disc, priced at 7.9 lei (approx US$2.6)
XtremPC DVD (key-coloured in blue) – included the magazine as well as a DVD, priced at 12.9 lei (approx US$4.2)
Presently, all three editions of XtremPC are out of print and the website has been shut down. However, the forum is still active and there also is a fan site that holds the pdf versions of the magazine.
References
External links
Revista XtremPC se inchide – 2 Mai
site-ul revistei xtrempc se inchide – 1 Iulie
XtremPC se inchide, raman cu Itfiles
La revedere XtremPC!
Defunct computer magazines
Defunct magazines published in Romania
Magazines established in 1998
Magazines disestablished in 2010
Science and technology in Romania
1998 establishments in Romania
2010 disestablishments in Romania
Romanian-language magazines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamiyach%C5%8D%20Shareo | is an underground city located in central Hiroshima.
It is the key underground network connecting public transport services around the Kamiyachō area.
It contains two stations of the Astram Line and three stations of the Hiroden Main Line and the Ujina Line.
This underground network is the only way to connect to those five stations.
At the center of Kamiyachō Shareo, there is a transportation and tourist information center.
Location
Kamiyachō Shareo is located underground around the Kamiyachō intersection between Rijō-dōri (avenue) and Aioi-dōri (street).
Astram Line's train runs under Kamiyachō Shareo, around Rijō-dōri and across Aioi-dōri.
The Hiroden Main Line and Ujina Line's streetcar run at street level on Aioi-dōri and Rijō-dōri.
History
Kamiyachō Shareo was opened in 2001 as a public underground network with a shopping area by the Hiroshima City and the Hiroshima Prefecture governments.
The area is operated by Hiroshima Chikagaikaihatsu which was established by city, prefecture, financial institutions and private enterprises.
On the corner of the Kamiyachō intersection, there was a traffic control tower.
And around the intersection, there were pedestrian crossings on the streets.
Main areas
"Shareo Central Place"—under the intersection of Rijō-dōri (street) and Aioi-dōri
"Shareo i Center"—Information center at Shareo Central Place
Information about transportation, tourism, weather, shopping and events around Hiroshima.
Open hours: 11:00–21:00
Information display operating hours: 7:00–22:30
"Shareo North Street"—under Rijo-street
"Entrance of Astram Kencho-mae Station"
"Exit to Hiroshima Prefectural Offices"
"Exit to Hiroshima Bus Center, Sogo and AQ'A Hiroshima Center City"
"Exit to Motomachi Cred
"Exit to bus stops"
"Connecting to the underground passage to Hiroshima Green Arena, Hiroshima Chuo Park, Hiroshima Castle and Hiroshima Municipal Hospital"
"Cafe and Shops"
"Shareo South Street"—under Rijo-street
"Entrance of Astram Hondori Station"
"Entrance of Hiroden Hondori Station"
"Exit to bus stops"
"Exit to Hondori"
"Cafe and Shops"
"Shareo East Street"—under Aioi-street
"Entrance of Hiroden Kamiya-cho-higashi Station"
"Exit to bus stops"
"Cafe, Restaurants and Shops"
"Shareo West Street"—under Aioi-street
"Entrance of Hiroden Kamiya-cho-nishi Station"
"Exit to Hiroshima Peace Memorial"
"Exit to Hiroshima Municipal Stadium"
"Exit to bus stops"
"Cafe, Restaurants and Shops"
Facilities
Information center
Entrance of two Astram Line's stations
Entrance of three Hiroden Main Line and Ujina Line's stations
Shops
Restaurants and cafes
Police office
Parking
ATMs
Coin-operated locker system
Access
Astram Line at Kencho-mae Station and Hondori Station
Hiroden Main Line at Kamiya-cho-higashi and Kamiya-cho-nishi
Hiroden Ujina Line at Hondori
Hiroshima Bus Center
Operator company
is a Japanese urban planning and facility management company based in Hiroshima, Japan.
The company operates Kamiyachō Shareo.
History
Founded on December 17, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaughan%20%28disambiguation%29 | Vaughan is a city in Ontario, Canada.
Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station, a transit station of the Toronto subway network in the suburb of Vaughan, (displayed as simply "Vaughan" on subway train destination signs, and on some maps, and other assets on the Toronto Transit Commission)
Vaughan (federal electoral district), in Ontario
Vaughan may also refer to:
Other places
Australia
Vaughan, Victoria
Canada
Vaughan, Nova Scotia
Vaughan Road, in Toronto, Ontario
United States
Vaughan, Indiana
Vaughan, Mississippi
Vaughan, North Carolina
Vaughan, Texas
Vaughan, West Virginia
Names
Vaughan (given name), list of people with this given name
Vaughan (surname), list of people with this surname
Others
Vaughan's identity, a mathematical concept
Vaughan & Bushnell Manufacturing, an American maker of striking tools
Mount Vaughan, a mountain in Antarctica
Vaughan Building, a building of Somerville College, Oxford
See also
Vaughn (disambiguation)
Vawn, Saskatchewan
Von (disambiguation) |
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