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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowjee%20railway%20station | Lowjee is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is on the Karjat–Khopoli route. Dolavli is the previous station and Khopoli is the next station.
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Railway stations in Raigad district
Karjat-Khopoli rail line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demography%20of%20Birmingham | The demography of Birmingham, England, is analysed by the Office for National Statistics and data produced for each of the wards that make up the city, and the overall city itself, which is the largest city proper in England as well as the core of the third most populous urban area, the West Midlands conurbation.
Population
Birmingham city's total population was 977,099 in 2001. The 2005 estimate for the population of the district of Birmingham was 1,001,200. This is the first time the population has broken the 1,000,000 barrier since 1996. This was a population increase of 0.9% (8,800) from 2004, higher than the 0.6% for the United Kingdom as a whole and 0.7% for England. It is believed to have been caused as a result of increased numbers of births, increased migration and a decrease in deaths in the district. The population of Birmingham is predicted to increase, though it cannot be predicted at certainty due to fluctuations in previous years in migration. The population in Birmingham is predicted to increase by 12.2% (121,500) from 992,100 in 2003 to 1,113,600 in 2028. This is an increase of around 4,000 - 5,000 each year until 2028.
The mid-year population estimates from previous years have showed a general decrease in the population of Birmingham from 1982 to 2002, before beginning to increase again up to 2005, with the increase from 2004 to 2005 being the largest population increase recorded. Though, in total, the overall decline in the population of Birmingham has been by just over 1%. The dependent population (0-14 and 65+) has declined since 2001 as the working population (15-64) has increased.
The ward with the lowest population following the boundary readjustments of 2004 was Ladywood with 14,801. Prior to the boundary readjustments, it had a population of 23,789. The ward with the highest population following the boundary readjustments of 2004 was Sparkbrook with a population of 31,485, which is an increase from 28,311 prior to the boundary adjustments.
Age
Birmingham has a young population compared to England as a whole. The mid-year population estimates of 2005 estimate that Birmingham has a younger age structure compared to England, with a higher proportion of the population of Birmingham being under the age of 34, and lower proportion being above the age of 35, than England. In the 20 to 24 year age group, the proportion in Birmingham is about 2% above the national figure.
23.4% of people were aged under 16, 57.7% were aged between 16 and 59, while 18.9% were aged over 60. The average age was 36, compared with 38.6 years for England.
The district of Ladywood was found to have the lowest proportion of people who are 60 years and over than all other districts. Sutton Coldfield district had the highest proportion of people aged 60 years and over. Hodge Hill was found to have the highest population of people from the age of 0 to 15 whilst the districts of Edgbaston and Sutton Coldfield had the lowest.
Population density
The p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asangaon%20railway%20station | Asangaon is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is also now a green station. It is the only railway station which serves Shahapur city. It is a busy station; around 75 thousand commuters use this station on daily basis. It is the terminal station for Asangaon local train.
Asangaon is situated at the bank of River Bharangi and is in Shahapur Taluka of District Thane. This railway station services the villages of Asangaon, Taluka Headquarters Shahapur and many surrounding villages. People travelling to Mahuli Fort and Manas Mandir, Shahapur, use the Asangaon Railway Station. Besides the Mumbai Suburban (Mumbai CST–Thane–Kalyan–Titwala–Asanagon–Kasara) suburban railway, Asangaon is also serviced by the dual-carriageway National Highway No. 3.
Asangaon used to be a sleepy village along the Mumbai Nashik Highway and the Mumbai–Kasara–Igatpuri–Nashik railway line. It has recently gained a lot of attention because of the 400-odd Non Polluting industries in the Asangaon Industrial Area and Oswal Industrial Estate nearby, many new residential developments, colleges, retail outlets, banks and eateries are opening up.
References
External links
Affordable Residences Near Mumbai, Times of India, Magicbricks
Manas Mandir, Shahapur
Asangaon Industrial Area WikiMapia
Oswal Industrial Estate Google Maps
Railway stations in Thane district
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Mumbai CR railway division
Kalyan-Igatpuri rail line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atgaon%20railway%20station | Atgaon is a railway station on the Central line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. Asangaon is the previous stop and Thansit is the next stop.
Atgaon translates to "eight villages" in Devangiri. It was the location of the DD serial Intezaar in 1991.
Railway stations in Thane district
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Mumbai CR railway division
Kalyan-Igatpuri rail line |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar%20railway%20station | Kopar is a railway station in Kopar Road, Dombivli. It lies on the Vasai Road–Roha route and Central main line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. It is a mini-junction that provides direct access to the Central line and Western line.
This station is located on 2 levels locally known as Lower Kopar (located on the Central Railway mainline) which has an elevation of 7.130 m & Upper Kopar (located on Vasai Road–Panvel Line) which has an elevation of 14.80 m.
Gallery
Railway stations in Thane district
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Mumbai CR railway division |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharbav%20railway%20station | Kharbav is a railway station on the Vasai Road–Diva–Panvel–Roha route of the Central Line, of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. Bhiwandi is the previous stop and Kaman Road is the next stop. It is a developing town and one of the primary railway stations in Paygaon. Around 12 trains pass through Kharbao railway station. Kharbao railway station code is (KHBV).
Facilities
The Kharbao Railway Station is well connected through the city and has parking facilities available as well. Other facilities you can find near this railway station are ATM machines, information kiosks and internet cafes.
The most popular trains passing through the Kharbao railway station are BSR DIVA DMU, BSR PNVL Memu, PNVL BSR Memu and DI BSR DMU.
References
Railway stations in Thane district
Mumbai Suburban Railway stations
Mumbai CR railway division |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys%20Nxt%20Door | Boys Nxt Door (International title: Boys Next Door) is a Philippine television situational comedy series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Jun Lana, it stars Marky Cielo, Aljur Abrenica, Mart Escudero and Joseph Bitangcol. It premiered on June 24, 2007. The series concluded on January 13, 2008 with a total of 31 episodes.
The series is streaming online on YouTube.
Cast and characters
Main cast
Marky Cielo as Buboy
Glaiza de Castro as Sari
Jennica Garcia as Summer and Winter
Mart Escudero as Atom
Aljur Abrenica as Migs
Kris Bernal as Coffee
Stef Prescott as Isabel
Rich Asuncion as Winona
Jesi Corcuera as Milo
Kiko Junio as Dec Dec
Mark Herras as Zeki
Paulo Avelino as Peter
Patrick Garcia as Karlo
Sheena Halili as Queenie
Jan Manual as Raffy
Ahron Villena as Preston
Ailyn Luna as Margareth
Joseph Bitangcol as King
Recurring cast
Benjie Paras as Badong
Janice de Belen as Ms. Malinis
Rio Locsin as Myrna
John Arcilla as Buboy's dad
Eunice "Charming" Lagusad as Nikki
Justin Plummer as Jiro
Accolades
References
External links
2007 Philippine television series debuts
2008 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network original programming
Philippine comedy television series
Television series about teenagers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20list | In computer science, the term difference list refers to a data structure representing a list with an efficient O(1) concatenation operation and conversion to a linked list in time proportional to its length. Difference lists can be implemented using first-class functions or using unification. Whether a difference list is more efficient than another list representations depends on usage patterns. If an algorithm builds a list by concatenating smaller lists, which are themselves built by concatenating still smaller lists, then use of difference lists can improve performance by effectively "flattening" the list building computations.
Implementation using functions
A difference list f is a single-argument function append L, which when given a linked list X as argument, returns a linked list containing L prepended to X. Concatenation of difference lists is implemented as function composition. The contents may be retrieved using f [].
This implementation is typically used in functional programming languages such as Haskell, although it could be used in imperative languages as well.
As functions, difference lists are a Cayley representation of lists as monoids, or more specifically their transformation monoid induced by left multiplication.
Examples of use are in the ShowS type in the Prelude of Haskell, and in Donald Bruce Stewart's difference list library for Haskell.
Implementation using unification
Another implementation in the logic programming language Prolog uses unification variables. A difference list is a pair OpenList-Hole, where the first element OpenList is a list containing an unbound unification variable (hole) and the second element Hole is a reference to the hole.
References
Linked lists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercoseptoria%20ocellata | Cercoseptoria ocellata is a fungal plant pathogen that affects the tea plant (Camellia sinensis).
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
References
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Tea diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercospora%20apii%20f.sp.%20clerodendri | Cercospora apii f.sp. clerodendri is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
apii f.sp. clerodendri
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercospora%20vicosae | Cercospora vicosae is a fungal plant pathogen. It causes leaf spot on cassava.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
vicosae
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Eudicot diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial%20information%20economy | Industrial information economy is a term coined by Harvard University Professor Yochai Benkler. Benkler discusses this term in-depth in his 2006 book The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom.
Industrial information economy is the first form of information economy and has existed since the late-nineteenth century and into the twentieth-century . Recently, industrial information economy evolved into a new form known as networked information economy with the advent of the Internet .
It represents one in which consumers are passive, as opposed to the networked information economy in which consumers are active often to the point of equally being producers (either in terms of creativity or by allowing usage of their idle processing, storage or bandwidth). In addition, industrial information economy promoted the dominance of the mega-corporation, and created passive workers who had no control over what they produced or consumed.
Benkler contends that within the industrial information economy "most opportunities to make things that were valuable and important to many people were constrained by the physical capital requirements of making them" and thus in comparison to the networked information economy undemocratic. Based on information technology, according to Paliwala, the industrial information economy was centred on information and cultural production, and the manipulation of symbols whereas the networked information economy is based on communications.
Benkler points out that the incumbents of the industrial information economy are threatened by the networked information economy. In response to this threat he references examples of the incumbents fighting back; including the broadcast flag and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Other well known examples could have equally have been added such as telephone operator blocking of Skype , the HDCP standard as well as other forms of digital rights management such as those found in Microsoft Vista .
Benkler warns that how the battle between the incumbents of the industrial information economy against the emerging networked information economy plays out, the life of individuals in the world's most advanced economies will be deeply affected. He states :
How these battles turn out over the next decade or so will likely have a significant effect on how we come to know what is going on in the world we occupy, and to what extent and in what forms we will be able—as autonomous individuals, as
citizens, and as participants in cultures and communities—to affect how we and others see the world as it is and as it might be.
In his introduction to Wealth of Networks, Benkler suggests that the industrial information economy will make our culture more transparent and malleable. This will happen because easy and quick access to information will let us learn in real time about our present culture. His ideas are drawn from and supported by legal scholars Niva Elkin Koren, Terry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared%20Sightings | Infrared Sightings is a video by the Grateful Dead, consisting of computer animation and other imagery set to music from their album Infrared Roses. It was released on VHS video tape and on laserdisc in 1992, and is 18 minutes long.
Infrared Roses is known to fans as "the all Drums and Space album". Produced by Grateful Dead sound designer Bob Bralove, it contains free form improvisational music recorded live at a number of different Dead concerts.
The visuals for Infrared Sightings combine computer generated images, many of them abstract, with found footage that has been altered or edited in various ways. The video is therefore somewhat reminiscent of the light shows that were projected on large screens at many Grateful Dead concerts.
Track listing
intro – FreeQuency Beach
part 1 – Underwatermelons (music: "Riverside Rhapsody")
part 2 – Synchronations (music: "Post-Modern Highrise Table Top Stomp")
part 3 – Yes I Kandinsky (music: "Infrared Roses")
Credits
Musicians
Jerry Garcia – guitar
Mickey Hart – drums, percussion
Bill Kreutzmann – drums, percussion
Phil Lesh – bass
Brent Mydland – keyboards
Bob Weir – guitar
With
Bob Bralove
Willie Green III
Production
Len Dell'Amico, Larry Lachman – directors, producers
Fritz Perlberg – executive producer
Bob Bralove – music producer
Maury Rosenfeld — spatio-temporal opto-orchestrator
Fred Raimondi – visual effects and creative entity
Sam Hamann – electronic paintmeister
David Tristram – electropaint graphics programmer/artist
Steve Burr, "Mad" Johnny Modell – intro sound design
Quency – special animated appearance
See also
Grateful Dead: Backstage Pass
References
Infrared Sightings at the Grateful Dead Family Database
Infrared Sightings at LaserDisc Database
Scott, John W; Dolgushkin, Mike; Nixon, Stu. DeadBase XI: The Complete Guide to Grateful Dead Song Lists, 1999, DeadBase, , p. 122
External links
Clip from Infrared Sightings on FritzPerlberg.com
Grateful Dead
Concert films
1992 films
1990s English-language films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmote | COSMOTE MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS S.A. () known as just Cosmote is the largest mobile network operator in Greece. The company is headquartered in Athens and is a fully owned subsidiary of the Hellenic Telecommunications Organization (OTE), the incumbent telecommunications provider in Greece. COSMOTE has developed business operations in two other Southeast Europe countries through subsidiaries: Telekom Albania (now One Telecommunications) and Telekom Romania, addressing an extended market of 45 million people. In all three countries COSMOTE counts approximately 35.6 million customers.
In September 2015, the parent company OTE announced they are to adopt the COSMOTE brand as their uniform commercial brand covering fixed, broadband and mobile telephony. At this time, the company has chosen not to adopt the Deutsche Telekom brand under which name it operates in its Central and Eastern European operations.
On Monday 26 October, the new logo was launched.
History
COSMOTE launched commercial operations in Greece in April 1998 and reached 1 million subscribers a year later. In 2000, the company was listed in the Athens Exchange. In 2001, COSMOTE reached a customer base of 2.5 million becoming the largest mobile network operator in Greece.
In 2006, COSMOTE acquired 99% of Germanos SA from its owner Panos Germanos, a multinational chain of retail electronic goods vendors. During the same year COSMOTE was listed among the top performers in the technology industry worldwide according to BusinessWeek's Information Technology 100 rankings, being the only Greek company in the list.
In February 2007, COSMOTE launched internet broadband (ADSL) and mobile telephony services bundles for the first time in the Greek market. In November of the same year, OTE submitted a voluntary tender offer to acquire the remaining shares of COSMOTE. COSMOTE shares ceased trading on 1 April 2008, almost eight years after the company's launch in the Athens Exchange.
In 2008, COSMOTE signed an agreement with Telekom Slovenije for the transfer of 100% of the former's participation in both COSMOFON and Germanos in North Macedonia, which were later both rebranded.
In 2010, COSMOTE upgraded its network, introducing speeds up to 42.2Mbit/s downlink & 5.8Mbit/s uplink and announced LTE trials on a pilot base.
In September 2011, COSMOTE's 3G network population coverage exceeded 98%. In November of the same year COSMOTE renewed its current licence in the 900 MHz band and secured additional spectrum in the 900 & 1800 MHz bands in the auction conducted by the Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (EETT).
In January 2012 COSMOTE launched 3rd generation services in Albania and just in April 3G population coverage reached 98%. In November, COSMOTE, first in Greece, launched commercially its 4G LTE (Long Term Evolution) mobile broadband network in Athens and Thessaloniki.
In August 2013, The Globul mobile network and Germanos, subsidiaries of COSMOTE in Bulgaria, were sold to T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zonbu | Zonbu was a technology company that markets a computing platform which combines a web-centric service, a small form factor PC, and an open source based software architecture. Zonbu was founded by Alain Rossmann (previously Founder and CEO of Openwave) and Gregoire Gentil (previously co-founder of Twingo Systems).
Hardware
The first-generation Zonbox hardware was the eBox-4854 sold by DMP Electronics of Taiwan.
Called the Zonbu Mini, it was a nettop computer measuring . It is flash based, fanless, and thus effectively silent. The official specifications for the device in 2007 were:
1.2 GHz Via Eden CPU (C7 Esther core),
512 MB RAM,
Ethernet over twisted pair 10/100 Mbit/s,
PS/2 keyboard and mouse ports, VGA display port and 6 USB 2.0 ports,
4 GB CompactFlash local storage, and
Graphics up to 2048 x 1536 with 16 million colors – hardware graphics and MPEG2 acceleration.
Disassembly by Zonbu owners has shown that the Zonbu includes options for internal expansion:
Mini PCI slot (for an optional wireless card),
IDE connector, with room in the case for a 2.5" hard drive, and
serial and parallel ports.
Service
The Zonbu subscription plans include online storage (using Amazon S3), automatic upgrades, online support and remote file access. The subscription service is promoted as reducing the hassle of typical computer maintenance tasks, such as hardware repair, software installation, updates and upgrades, and malicious software removal.
Software architecture
The Zonbu OS is a customized version of Linux based on the Gentoo distribution using the Xfce desktop environment. It is geared towards non-technical users, and the user interface focuses more on simplicity than advanced features.
The filesystem architecture combines a transparent overlay filesystem (pioneered by Linux Live Distributions) with an on-line backup service. User data is locally cached on Compact Flash Card, then transparently encrypted with 128-bit encryption and transferred to remote storage servers at Amazon S3.
Applications
Zonbu comes pre-loaded with a number of software applications. These include the Firefox web browser, OpenOffice productivity suite and Skype IP phone service, and 30 casual games.
With the default OS, the user is not allowed to install any third-party software. The default set of applications is supposed to fit the needs of non-technical users or of a second home PC. However, Zonbu provides instructions to unlock the operating system and install additional software. The procedure is technical and intended for a minority of users (Standard for many linux users, unlocking GRUB, root, and install with emerge/portage).
See also
Everex, provider of the hardware used on some Zonbu models
Linutop Linux PC
Linpus Linux
OLPC laptop
gOS
References
External links
Zonbu official website
EPATec, distributor of same hardware in Germany and Spain
Zonbu First Look Video
Climate Trust
Norhtec MicroClient Jr.
Media
Zonbu Launches Subscription Laptops
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl%20sulfoxide%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on dimethyl sulfoxide.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI, and follow its directions.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
vapor pressure at 20 °C = 0.556 mbar = 0.417 mmHg
Distillation data
Spectral data
References
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymadothea%20trifolii | Cymadothea trifolii is a fungal plant pathogen infecting the red clover.
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
References
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1935 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cladosporium%20cladosporioides%20f.%20sp.%20pisicola | Cladosporium cladosporioides f. sp. pisicola is a fungal plant pathogen that affects pea plants.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Eudicot diseases
Cladosporium
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidiella%20carinthiaca | Davidiella carinthiaca is a fungal plant pathogen infecting red clover.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Davidiellaceae
Fungi described in 2006 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycovellosiella%20concors | Mycovellosiella concors is a fungal plant pathogen infecting potatoes.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Potato diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1974 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passalora%20fulva | Passalora fulva is a fungal plant pathogen that causes tomato leaf mold.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Tomato diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 2003 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycovellosiella%20koepkei | Mycovellosiella koepkei is a fungal plant pathogen infecting sugarcane.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Sugarcane diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1979 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycovellosiella%20vaginae | Mycovellosiella vaginae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting sugarcane.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Sugarcane diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1979 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeoramularia%20angolensis | Phaeoramularia angolensis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting citruses.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal citrus diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1986 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeoramularia%20dissiliens | Phaeoramularia dissiliens is a fungal plant pathogen which causes cercospora leaf spot on grapes.
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
References
Fungal grape diseases
Leaf diseases
Phaeoramularia
Fungi described in 1976 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeoramularia%20heterospora | Phaeoramularia heterospora is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1976 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Spender%20%28TV%20series%29 | Big Spender is a United States reality television series on the A&E Network. Host Larry Winget visits people in financial crisis, then advises them how to solve the problems and avoid repeating the same mistakes. The show is produced by NorthSouth Productions and premiered in July 2006.
All episodes show:
Winget visiting the individual(s) in crisis and assessing the situation
An analysis of the elements in the financial crisis (e.g., consumer debt, overspending)
A "contract" of required changes, which the individual(s) must discuss and sign
Scenes of the individual(s) following or departing from the agreed-upon changes
A return visit from Winget to examine whether the recommended changes were made
A writer for The Arizona Republic described Winget's style as "blunt" and "quite funny." Discussing Big Spender, the writer noted, "Every Saturday night, he can be seen berating people who make lousy financial choices." Common Sense Media reviewer Pam Gelman lauded the educational information, but said Winget "uses a form of tough love that is verbally harsh, caustic, and confrontational" and expressed the opinion that psychological counseling was a missing element from the show. Jane Thompson of Northwest Herald wrote, "Apparently, there's a population of people out there who believe dog strollers and $1,000 fanny packs are essential to survival, despite their proximity to financial ruin. You should be awash in smug superiority after watching Big Spender."
Winget has commented on the difficulty of finding participants willing to expose their financial difficulties on national television. The first season's participants all were drawn from the south Florida area, but producers planned to recruit nationally for the second season.
The show lasted only one season.
References
External links
A&E (TV network) original programming
2000s American reality television series
2006 American television series debuts
English-language television shows
2006 American television series endings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phaeoramularia%20manihotis | Phaeoramularia manihotis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting cassava.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Root vegetable diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1976 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phloeospora%20multimaculans | Phloeospora multimaculans is a fungal plant pathogen infecting plane trees.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudocercospora%20rhapisicola | Pseudocercospora rhapisicola is a fungal plant pathogen infecting palms.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Palm diseases
rhapisicola
Fungi described in 1989 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramularia%20beticola | Ramularia beticola is a fungal plant pathogen infecting beets.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Food plant pathogens and diseases
beticola
Fungi described in 1897 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenophoma%20linicola | Selenophoma linicola is a fungal plant pathogen infecting flax.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Fiber plant diseases
Mycosphaerellaceae
Fungi described in 1947 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20ampelina | Septoria ampelina is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
ampelina
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1874 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20azaleae | Septoria azaleae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting azaleas.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
azaleae
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1899 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20bataticola | Septoria bataticola is a fungal plant pathogen infecting sweet potatoes.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
bataticola
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Root vegetable diseases
Fungi described in 1914 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20campanulae | Septoria campanulae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting bellflowers.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
campanluae
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1846
Taxa named by Joseph-Henri Léveillé |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan%20society | Etruscan society is mainly known through the memorial and achievemental inscriptions on monuments of Etruscan civilization, especially tombs. This information emphasizes family data. Some contractual information is also available from various sources. The Roman and Greek historians had more to say of Etruscan government.
Aristocratic families
Society of the tombs
The population described by the inscriptions owned the tombs in which their relatives interred them and were interred in turn. These were the work of craftsmen who must have gone to considerable expense, for which they must have been paid. The interment chambers also were stocked with furniture, luxury items and jewelry, which are unlikely to have been available to the ordinary citizen. The sarcophagi were ornate, each one a work of art. The society of the tombs therefore was that of the aristocrats. While alive they occupied magistracies recorded in the inscriptions. Their magisterial functions are obscure now, but they were chief men in society.
The Etruscans did not always own sufficient wealth to support necropolises for their chief men and stock them with expensive items to be smashed and thrown away. People of the Villanovan culture lived in poor huts concomitant with subsistence agriculture and owned plain and simple implements. Their simple ware is known as bucchero, plain black undecorated pots. In the 8th century BC, the orientalizing period began, a time of influx of luxuriously living Greeks. They brought their elegant pottery styles and architectural methods with them.
Yet the rise of Etruscan civilization cannot entirely be explained by immigrants from Greece. The Etruscans became a maritime power. By the 7th century they had imported methods and materials from the eastern Mediterranean and were leaving written inscriptions. Groups of Villanovan villages were now consolidated into Etruscan cities. Elaborate tomb cities began to appear.
Rise of the family
The princely tombs were not of individuals. The inscriptional evidence shows that families were interred there over long periods, marking the growth of the aristocratic family as a fixed institution, parallel to the gens at Rome and perhaps even its model. It is not an Etruscan original, as there is no sign of it in the Villanovan. The Etruscans could have used any model of the eastern Mediterranean. That the growth of this class is related to the new acquisition of wealth through trade is unquestioned. The wealthiest cities were located near the coast.
The Etruscan name of the family was . At the center of the was the married couple, . The Etruscans were a monogamous society that emphasized pairing. The lids of large numbers of sarcophagi (for example, the "Sarcophagus of the Spouses") are adorned with sculpted couples, smiling, in the prime of life (even if the remains were of persons advanced in age), reclining next to each other or with arms around each other. The bond was obviously a close one by social prefe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20caryae | Septoria caryae is a fungal pecan-infecting plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
caryae
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Nut tree diseases
Fungi described in 1887 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20citri | Septoria citri is a fungal plant pathogen infecting citruses.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
citri
Fungi described in 1877
Fungal citrus diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20dianthi | Septoria dianthi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting carnations.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
dianthi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1849 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20fragariae | Septoria fragariae is a fungal plant pathogen affecting strawberries.
See also
List of strawberry diseases
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
fragariae
Fungi described in 1842
Fungal strawberry diseases
Taxa named by John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20helianthi | Septoria helianthi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting sunflowers.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
helianthi
Fungi described in 1883
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Sunflower diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20humuli | Septoria humuli is a fungal plant pathogen infecting the hop plant.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
humuli
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Food plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1854
Hop diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20hydrangeae | Septoria hydrangeae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting hydrangeas.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
hydrangeae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20lactucae | Septoria lactucae, or lettuce septoria blight, is a pathogenic leaf fungus that is found on lettuce.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
lactucae
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Lettuce diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20menthae | Septoria menthae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting mint.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
menthae
Fungi described in 1875
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Mint diseases |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20ostryae | Septoria ostryae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting hazelnut.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
ostryae
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Hazelnut tree diseases
Fungi described in 1883 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20pisi | Septoria pisi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting peas.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
pisi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Pulse crop diseases
Fungi described in 1857 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20pistaciae | Septoria pistaciae is a fungal plant pathogen infecting pistachios.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
pistaciae
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Fruit tree diseases
Fungi described in 1842
Taxa named by John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20platanifolia | Septoria platanifolia is a fungal plant pathogen infecting plane trees.
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
platanifolia
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1878 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septoria%20rhododendri | Septoria rhododendri is a fungal plant pathogen infecting rhododendrons.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
rhododendri
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Fungi described in 1877 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20cyberattacks%20on%20Estonia | Beginning on 27 April 2007, a series of cyberattacks targeted websites of Estonian organizations, including Estonian parliament, banks, ministries, newspapers and broadcasters, amid the country's disagreement with Russia about the relocation of the Bronze Soldier of Tallinn, an elaborate Soviet-era grave marker, as well as war graves in Tallinn.
Most of the attacks that had any influence on the general public were distributed denial of service type attacks ranging from single individuals using various methods like ping floods to expensive rentals of botnets usually used for spam distribution. Spamming of bigger news portals commentaries and defacements including that of the Estonian Reform Party website also occurred. Research has also shown that large conflicts took place to edit the English-language version of the Bronze Soldier's Wikipedia page.
Some observers reckoned that the onslaught on Estonia was of a sophistication not seen before. The case is studied intensively by many countries and military planners as, at the time it occurred, it may have been the second-largest instance of state-sponsored cyberwarfare, following Titan Rain.
As of January 2008, one ethnic-Russian Estonian national had been charged and convicted.
During a panel discussion on cyber warfare, Sergei Markov of the Russian State Duma has stated his unnamed aide was responsible in orchestrating the cyber attacks. Markov alleged the aide acted on his own while residing in an unrecognised republic of the former Soviet Union, possibly Transnistria. On 10 March 2009 Konstantin Goloskokov, a "commissar" of the Kremlin-backed youth group Nashi, has claimed responsibility for the attack. Experts are critical of these varying claims of responsibility. The direct result of the cyberattacks was the creation of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence in Tallinn, Estonia.
Estonia's response
The Estonian government was quick to blame the Kremlin, accusing it of being directly involved in the attacks. It was later revealed that the allegations were not completely correct when Estonia's defense minister, Jaak Aaviksoo, admitted that he had no evidence linking the cyber-attacks to the Kremlin. "Of course, at the moment, I cannot state for certain that the cyber-attacks were managed by the Kremlin, or other Russian government agencies," he said in an interview on Estonia's Kanal 2 TV channel, "Again, it is not possible to say without doubt that orders came from the Kremlin, or that, indeed, a wish was expressed for such a thing there." Russia called the accusations of its involvement "unfounded", and neither NATO nor European Commission experts were able to find any proof of official Russian government participation.
Since the attack, Estonia has advocated for increased cybersecurity protection and response protocol.
NATO's response
In response to such attacks, NATO conducted an internal assessment of their cyber security and infrastructure defenses. The assessment r |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaOtra | LaOtra ("TheOther") is the second television channel of the Radio Televisión Madrid public broadcasting network in the Community of Madrid, Spain. Launched in 2001, the channel broadcast a range of cultural programming including music and art. After a restructuring in 2006, it now also broadcasts children's programming, news and information from Madrid, history documentaries, sport, film and entertainment programming. It airs 24 hours a day in the Spanish language through DTT and other services, aired through analogue on UHF channel 40 until 30 June 2009.
External links
Television stations in the Community of Madrid
Mass media in Madrid
FORTA
Television channels and stations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Spain |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FluidSynth | FluidSynth, formerly named iiwusynth, is a free open source software synthesizer which converts MIDI note data into an audio signal using SoundFont technology without need for a SoundFont-compatible soundcard. FluidSynth can act as a virtual MIDI device, able to receive MIDI data from any program and transform it into audio on-the-fly. It can also read in SMF (.mid) files directly. On the output side, it can send audio data directly to an audio device for playback, or to a Raw or Wave file. It can also convert a SMF file directly to an audio file in faster-than-real-time. The combination of these features gives FluidSynth the following major use cases:
Synthesizing MIDI data from another application directly to the speakers,
Synthesizing MIDI data from another application, recording the output to an audio file,
Playing a MIDI file to the speakers,
Converting a MIDI file to a digital audio file.
The size of loaded SoundFont banks is limited by the amount of RAM available. There is a GUI for FluidSynth called Qsynth, which is also open source. Both are available in most Linux distributions, and can also be compiled for Windows. Windows binary installers are not distributed alone and are bundled with QSynth.
It features microtonal support and was used in the MicrotonalISM project of the Network for Interdisciplinary Studies in Science, Technology, and Music. A Max/MSP plugin is available from IRCAM.
The core synthesizer is written as a C library with a large application programming interface (API). Partial bindings for Python, Ruby, Haskell, and .NET Framework are available. It has also been converted into a LV2 plugin, which has enabled it to run in LV2 plugin-based open-source effects pedals such as Mod Duo and Zynthian
See also
Comparison of free software for audio
TiMidity++
WildMIDI
References
External links
Free audio software
Open source software synthesizers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese%20849 | |- style="background-color: #A0B0FF;" colspan="3"
| Planet
|- bgcolor="#FFFAFA"
| Gliese 849b || data
Gliese 849, or GJ 849, is a small, solitary star in the equatorial constellation of Aquarius. It has a reddish hue and is invisible to the naked eye with an apparent visual magnitude of 10.41. The distance to this star is based on parallax, but it is drifting closer to the Sun with a radial velocity of −15.3 km/s. It has a pair of confirmed gas giant companions.
The stellar classification of GJ 849 is M3.5V, which means this is a small red dwarf star generating energy through hydrogen fusion at its core region. Various studies have found super-solar abundances in the spectra, indicating that the elemental abundances of higher mass elements is significantly higher than in the Sun. The star has about half the mass and size of the Sun, and is spinning slowly with a rotation period of approximately 39 days. The estimated age of the star is more than three billion years. It is radiating a mere 2.9% of the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 3,490 K.
Planetary system
In late 2006, a long-period Jupiter-like exoplanet was reported to be orbiting the red dwarf in a period just over 5 years in length. There was also a linear trend in the radial velocities which suggested another longer period companion. The trend in the radial velocities was confirmed in 2013. An orbit for the second exoplanet was finally determined in 2015. The first planet discovered, Gliese 849 b, was the first planet discovered orbiting a red dwarf with a semi-major axis greater than 0.21 AU.
See also
List of star systems within 25–30 light-years
Gliese 317
Gliese 649
Gliese 581
List of extrasolar planets
References
External links
M-type main-sequence stars
Planetary systems with two confirmed planets
Aquarius (constellation)
BD-05 5715
0849
109388
J22094029-0438267 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap%20Gemini%20SDM | Cap Gemini SDM, or SDM2 (System Development Methodology) is a software development method developed by the software company Pandata in the Netherlands in 1970. The method is a waterfall model divided in seven phases that have a clear start and end. Each phase delivers subproducts, called milestones. It was used extensively in the Netherlands for ICT projects in the 1980s and 1990s. Pandata was purchased by the Capgemini group in the 1980s, and the last version of SDM to be published in English was SDM2 (6th edition) in 1991 by Cap Gemini Publishing BV. The method was regularly taught and distributed among Capgemini consultants and customers, until the waterfall method slowly went out of fashion in the wake of more iterative extreme programming methods such as Rapid application development, Rational Unified Process and Agile software development.
The Cap Gemini SDM Methodology
In the early to mid-1970s, the various generic work steps of system development methodologies were replaced with work steps based on various structured analysis or structured design techniques. SDM, SDM2, SDM/70, and Spectrum evolved into system development methodologies that were based on the works of Steven Ward, Tom Demarco, Larry Constantine, Ken Orr, Ed Yourdon, Michael A. Jackson and others, as well as data modeling techniques developed by Thomas Bachmann and Peter Chen. SDM is a top-down model. Starting from the system as a whole, its description becomes more detailed as the design progresses. The method was marketed as a proprietary method that all company developers were required to use to ensure quality in customer projects. This method shows several similarities with the proprietary methods of CAP Gemini's most important competitors in 1990. A similar waterfall method that was later used against the company itself in court proceedings in 2002 was CMG:Commander.
History
SDM was developed in 1970 by a company known as PANDATA, now part of Cap Gemini, which itself was created as a joint venture by three Dutch companies: AKZO, Nationale Nederlanden and Posterijen, Telegrafie en Telefonie (Nederland). The company was founded in order to develop the method and create training materials to propagate the method. It was successful, but was revised in 1987 to standardize and separate the method theory from the more technical aspects used to implement the method. Those aspects were bundled into the process modelling tool called "Software Development Workbench", that was later sold in 2000 to BWise, another Dutch company. This revised version of the method without the tool is commonly known as SDM2.
Main difference between SDM and SDM2
SDM2 was a revised version of SDM that attempted to solve a basic problem that occurred often in SDM projects; the delivered system failed to meet the customer requirements. Though any number of specific reasons for this could arise, the basic waterfall method used in SDM was a recipe for this problem due to the relatively large amount |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrocarpon%20candidum | Cylindrocarpon candidum is a fungal plant pathogen that causes cankers on elm.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal tree pathogens and diseases
Nectriaceae
Fungi described in 1926 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrocladium%20clavatum | Cylindrocladium clavatum is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Nectriaceae
Fungi described in 1972 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrocladium%20lanceolatum | Cylindrocladium lanceolatum is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Nectriaceae
Fungi described in 1972 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylindrocladium%20peruvianum | Cylindrocladium peruvianum is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Nectriaceae
Fungi described in 1965 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-version%20programming | N-version programming (NVP), also known as multiversion programming or multiple-version dissimilar software, is a method or process in software engineering where multiple functionally equivalent programs are independently generated from the same initial specifications. The concept of N-version programming was introduced in 1977 by Liming Chen and Algirdas Avizienis with the central conjecture that the "independence of programming efforts will greatly reduce the probability of identical software faults occurring in two or more versions of the program". The aim of NVP is to improve the reliability of software operation by building in fault tolerance or redundancy.
NVP approach
The general steps of N-version programming are:
An initial specification of the intended functionality of the software is developed. The specification should unambiguously define: functions, data formats (which include comparison vectors, c-vectors, and comparison status indicators, cs-indicators), cross-check points (cc-points), comparison algorithm, and responses to the comparison algorithm.
From the specifications, two or more versions of the program are independently developed, each by a group that does not interact with the others. The implementations of these functionally equivalent programs use different algorithms and programming languages. At various points of the program, special mechanisms are built into the software which allow the program to be governed by the N-version execution environment (NVX). These special mechanisms include: comparison vectors (c-vectors, a data structure representing the program's state), comparison status indicators (cs-indicators), and synchronization mechanisms. The resulting programs are called N-version software (NVS).
Some N-version execution environment (NVX) is developed which runs the N-version software and makes final decisions of the N-version programs as a whole given the output of each individual N-version program. The implementation of the decision algorithms can vary ranging from simple as accepting the most frequently occurring output (for instance, if a majority of versions agree on some output, then it is likely to be correct) to some more complex algorithm.
Criticisms
Researchers have argued that different programming teams can make similar mistakes. In 1986, Knight & Leveson conducted an experiment to evaluate the assumption of independence in NVP, they found that the assumption of independence of failures in N-version programs failed statistically.
The weakness of an NVP program lies in the decision algorithm. The question of correctness of an NVP program depends partially on the algorithm the NVX uses to determine what output is "correct" given the multitude of outputs by each individual N-version program. In theory, output from multiple independent versions is more likely to be correct than output from a single version. However, there is debate whether or not the improvements of N-version development is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Homer%20of%20Seville | "Homer of Seville", also known as "The Homer of Seville", is the second episode of the nineteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 30, 2007. In the episode, Homer gains an operatic ability to sing following an accident, and becomes a professional and famous opera star. While running from a mob of crazed fans, he is saved by Julia, a beautiful and dangerous stalker.
The episode was written by Carolyn Omine and directed by Mike Frank Polcino, while Plácido Domingo guest stars as himself and Maya Rudolph guests as Julia.
It averaged 8.4 million viewers, with a Nielsen rating of 4.2 and an audience share of 11 percent. It was nominated for a Writers Guild of America Award in 2008. Since airing, the episode has received mixed reviews from television critics.
Plot
After escaping church, the Simpsons look for a place to eat lunch. Upon seeing that all the restaurants have long lines, the family spots a catering van setting up food at a house. The family sneaks in and gorges themselves, only to find they have snuck into a wake. Homer is asked to be a pallbearer (to which he agrees thinking the woman who asked him meant a polar bear). At the cemetery, Homer struggles with the coffin and falls into an empty grave, hurting his back in the process. At the hospital Dr. Hibbert treats Homer and sets up to give him an X-ray to check out his vertebrae. While lying on his back, Homer hears the cost of the X-ray, and lets out a "D'oh!". To the surprise of everyone, Homer's “D’oh!” sounds beautiful and operatic. Dr. Hibbert concludes that when Homer lies on his back his stomach lodges underneath his diaphragm, which in turn helps propel his powerful singing voice.
Dr. Hibbert tours Homer around the hospital while singing "If Ever I Would Leave You", to help alleviate patient suffering. Mr. Burns overhears Homer's voice and hires him to star as Rodolfo in La bohème at the Springfield Opera House. Despite having to sing on his back, Homer quickly becomes an opera star. Homer's growing fame and success gains him loyal fans, and he gives advice to famous opera singer Plácido Domingo.
Homer, Marge, Lenny and Carl share their wedding anniversary dinner at a nice restaurant. Marge tells Homer she is glad he has become famous, but she misses their privacy. After Lenny and Carl leave, Homer is hounded by adoring fans. Marge gets fed up and storms out of the restaurant and Homer follows after her. On the street, Homer tries to make up with Marge, when a large group of fans spots Homer and Marge and chases after them. Homer and Marge are trapped in an alley; just before the mob reaches them, a black clad biker on a motorcycle shows up to drive Homer and Marge to safety.
Back at home, Marge and Homer are surprised to find that the mysterious rider is a woman — Julia Eldeen (Maya Rudolph). Julia, also a fan of Homer, explains she hates how all the other fans constantly mob h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBS%20Radio | SBS Radio is an Australian radio network owned by the Special Broadcasting Service directed towards newly arrived immigrants in Australia. It originally began as two stations based in Melbourne and Sydney, set up to provide pre-recorded information about the then-new Medibank health care system in languages other than English. Nowadays, the network targets the estimated 4+ million Australians who speak a language other than English at home with programs in 68 languages.
Like SBS Television, SBS Radio supplements its government funding with paid-for information campaigns for government agencies and non-profit organisations as well as commercial advertising and sponsorship.
History and evolution
The history of SBS Radio goes back to the 1970s when the government started considering the demand for broadcasting in languages other than English after a mass-influx of foreign-born populace post World War Two.
In January 1975, Al Grassby, the Commissioner of Community Relations at the time, approached future members of the SBS executive board about his intention to start up two experimental radio stations in Sydney and Melbourne, which would almost always broadcast in non-English languages, on a budget of around $67,000. The amount was sufficient to pay for two broadcasters per program and rented studios in the two cities.
On 12 May 1975, the ABC established 3ZZ in Melbourne, which broadcast predominantly in languages other than English.
After some months of planning, on 9 June 1975, 2EA (EA standing for Ethnic Australia), opened in Sydney by Al Grassby, with the first language heard on 2EA being Greek. Not long afterwards, on June 23, 3EA opened in Melbourne. Both stations operated under 3-month temporary licenses, with 42 hour per week schedules in seven and eight languages, respectively. The initial purposes of the stations were to inform ethnic communities about proposed changes in the healthcare system via the new Medibank scheme. By the end of the year the two stations were broadcasting in Arabic, Cantonese, Croatian, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Maltese, Mandarin, Polish, Russian, Serbian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Turkish.
Studios were first located at the 2CBA studios in Five Dock in Sydney, and in the Armstrong Audio Video studios in southern Melbourne. In May 1976, the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcaster was founded to plan out the future of ethnic broadcasting. That same year, four new languages, Dutch, French, Polish and Romanian were added to 3EA's schedule; this pales in comparison to the nineteen languages added to 2EA's lineup, which included Armenian, Assyrian, Bangla, Czech, Dutch, Estonian, French, Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Latvian, Lithuanian, Portuguese, Punjabi, Slovak, Tamil, Ukrainian and Urdu. It was also around this time that the two stations had ceased to be known as "experimental stations", and that they had become permanent.
During 1977, programming and language co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ROM%20cartridge | A ROM cartridge, usually referred to in context simply as a cartridge, cart, or card, is a replaceable part designed to be connected to a consumer electronics device such as a home computer, video game console or, to a lesser extent, electronic musical instruments.
ROM cartridges allow users to rapidly load and access programs and data alongside a floppy drive in a home computer; in a video game console, the cartridges are standalone. At the time around their release, ROM cartridges provided security against unauthorised copying of software. However, the manufacturing of ROM cartridges was more expensive than floppy disks, and the storage capacity was smaller. ROM cartridges and slots were also used for various hardware accessories and enhancements.
The widespread usage of the ROM cartridge in video gaming applications has led it to be often colloquially called a game cartridge.
History
ROM cartridges were popularized by early home computers which featured a special bus port for the insertion of cartridges containing software in ROM. In most cases the designs were fairly crude, with the entire address and data buses exposed by the port and attached via an edge connector; the cartridge was memory mapped directly into the system's address space such that the CPU could execute the program in place without having to first copy it into expensive RAM.
The Texas Instruments TI-59 family of programmable scientific calculators used interchangeable ROM cartridges that could be installed in a slot at the back of the calculator. The calculator came with a module that provides several standard mathematical functions including the solution of simultaneous equations. Other modules were specialized for financial calculations, or other subject areas, and even a "games" module. Modules were not user-programmable. The Hewlett-Packard HP-41C had expansion slots which could hold ROM memory as well as I/O expansion ports.
Computers using cartridges in addition to magnetic media are the VIC-20 and Commodore 64, MSX, Atari 8-bit family, TI-99/4A (where they were called Solid State Command Modules and were not directly mapped to the system bus) and IBM PCjr (where the cartridge was mapped into BIOS space). Some arcade system boards, such as Capcom's CP System and SNK's Neo Geo, also used ROM cartridges.
A precursor to modern game cartridges of second generation video consoles was introduced with the first generation video game console Magnavox Odyssey in 1972, using jumper cards to turn on and off certain electronics inside the console. A modern take on game cartridges was invented by Wallace Kirschner, Lawrence Haskel and Jerry Lawson of Alpex Computer Corporation, first unveiled as part of the Fairchild Channel F home console in 1976. The cartridge approach gained more popularity with the Atari 2600 released the following year. From the late 1970s to mid-1990s, the majority of home video game systems were cartridge-based.
As compact disc technology came to b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetaldehyde%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on acetaldehyde.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may require safety precautions. The directions on the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) should be followed.
SDSdata.org index
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Spectral data
References
Chemical data pages
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrownBoost | BrownBoost is a boosting algorithm that may be robust to noisy datasets. BrownBoost is an adaptive version of the boost by majority algorithm. As is true for all boosting algorithms, BrownBoost is used in conjunction with other machine learning methods. BrownBoost was introduced by Yoav Freund in 2001.
Motivation
AdaBoost performs well on a variety of datasets; however, it can be shown that AdaBoost does not perform well on noisy data sets. This is a result of AdaBoost's focus on examples that are repeatedly misclassified. In contrast, BrownBoost effectively "gives up" on examples that are repeatedly misclassified. The core assumption of BrownBoost is that noisy examples will be repeatedly mislabeled by the weak hypotheses and non-noisy examples will be correctly labeled frequently enough to not be "given up on." Thus only noisy examples will be "given up on," whereas non-noisy examples will contribute to the final classifier. In turn, if the final classifier is learned from the non-noisy examples, the generalization error of the final classifier may be much better than if learned from noisy and non-noisy examples.
The user of the algorithm can set the amount of error to be tolerated in the training set. Thus, if the training set is noisy (say 10% of all examples are assumed to be mislabeled), the booster can be told to accept a 10% error rate. Since the noisy examples may be ignored, only the true examples will contribute to the learning process.
Algorithm description
BrownBoost uses a non-convex potential loss function, thus it does not fit into the AdaBoost framework. The non-convex optimization provides a method to avoid overfitting noisy data sets. However, in contrast to boosting algorithms that analytically minimize a convex loss function (e.g. AdaBoost and LogitBoost), BrownBoost solves a system of two equations and two unknowns using standard numerical methods.
The only parameter of BrownBoost ( in the algorithm) is the "time" the algorithm runs. The theory of BrownBoost states that each hypothesis takes a variable amount of time ( in the algorithm) which is directly related to the weight given to the hypothesis . The time parameter in BrownBoost is analogous to the number of iterations in AdaBoost.
A larger value of means that BrownBoost will treat the data as if it were less noisy and therefore will give up on fewer examples. Conversely, a smaller value of means that BrownBoost will treat the data as more noisy and give up on more examples.
During each iteration of the algorithm, a hypothesis is selected with some advantage over random guessing. The weight of this hypothesis and the "amount of time passed" during the iteration are simultaneously solved in a system of two non-linear equations ( 1. uncorrelated hypothesis w.r.t example weights and 2. hold the potential constant) with two unknowns (weight of hypothesis and time passed ). This can be solved by bisection (as implemented in the JBoost softwa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Base%20Station | Radio Base Station (RBS) is the commercial name given to the family of Base Stations developed by Ericsson, typically constituting a sizable part of the Radio Access Network (RAN). Radio Base Station is also the generic name to be used instead of BTS (Base Transceiver Station ) which are typically denoting GSM-era radio base station technology. For other vendors, specific equipment names are used such as Huawei DBS (Huawei DBS3900 for example. The "DBS" stands for Distributed Base Station) or NSN Flexi base stations.
History and Market
Over the years every Mobile Telephony Base Station developed by the multinational (supported technologies range from IS136-TDMA to UMTS) has been sold with this name, although the concept of Radio Base is that of a transceiver that is primarily intended for serving as a trunked radio system Base Station for voice communication.
A popular version of this RBS base station is the RBS6000.
Technical information
Depending on which kind of RBS, there are different hardware configurations.
RBS2000 Technical information
A legacy version of the RBS is the RBS2000 which usually has a combination or subset of these hardware cards:
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Distribution Switch Unit (DXU)
Internal Distribution Module (IDM)
Double Transceiver Unit (dTRU)
Configuration Switch Unit (CXU)
Combining and Distribution Unit (CDU)
AC or DC Connection Unit (ACCU/DCCU)
Fan Control Unit (FCU)
DC filter
RBS6000 Technical information
RBS6000 can be used for GSM (GERAN) with DUG cards, UMTS (UTRAN) with DUW cards, and LTE (eUTRAN) with DUL/DUS cards.
The RBS site can be interconnected to the rest of the RAN with a SIU card (Site Integration Unit) which use either electrical, microwave or optical backhaul to the rest of the RAN and also provides Abis over IP connectivity for GSM base station.
RBS runs the embedded Operating System OSE from Enea from Sweden.
RBS hardware cards
The RBS6000 cabinet usually uses these cards to achieve function:
DXB Distribution Switch Board,
DXU Distribution Switch Unit,
IXU Interface and Switching Unit
DUG cards for GSM (GERAN) aka "Digital Unit GSM"
DUW cards for UMTS (UTRAN)
DUL Digital Unit cards for LTE (eUTRAN)
DUS Digital Unit cards for combined GSM, UMTS and LTE service
ECU Energy Control Unit,
RUG Radio Unit GSM,
RUS Radio Unit all Standards,
RRUS Remote Radio Unit all Standards,
TCB Transceiver Control Board
BDM Battery Distribution Module
BFU Battery Fuse Unit
CDU Combining and Distribution Unit,
CXU Configuration Switch Unit,
FCU Fan Control Unit,
PDU Power Distribution Unit,
PSU Power Supply Unit,
RXU Receiver Unit,
SAU Support Alarm Unit,
SCU Support Control Unit,
TMA_CM, TXU Transmitter Unit
RBS Operations and Maintenance
The RBS is managed locally thanks to Ericsson software named "OMT" (Operations and Maintenance Terminal). OMT is what is usually called a LMT (Local Maintenance Terminal). A special cable is needed to connect to the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program-associated%20data | Program Associated Data (PAD) or Program Service Data (PSD) is the data displayed on many HD Radio and satellite radio receivers. It can describe the program being transmitted and other information such as the name of the song, the artist and the genre of music.
The HD radio and satellite systems provides a data path for this programming data to be delivered and read by the listener in near real time. HD radio and satellite radio receivers provide PAD decoders and visual screens for displaying the information.
PAD is different from Radio Data System (RDS).
References
Broadcast engineering
Radio technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Baumslag | Gilbert Baumslag (April 30, 1933 – October 20, 2014) was a Distinguished Professor at the City College of New York, with joint appointments in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. He was director of the Center for Algorithms and Interactive Scientific Software, which grew out of the MAGNUS computational group theory project he also headed. Baumslag was also the organizer of the New York Group Theory Seminar.
Baumslag graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa with a B.Sc. Honours (Masters) and D.Sc. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Manchester in 1958; his thesis, written under the direction of Bernhard Neumann, was titled Some aspects of groups with unique roots. His contributions include the Baumslag–Solitar groups and parafree groups.
Baumslag was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1968–69. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Works
Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. I. The groups, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 129 (1967), 308–321.
Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. II. Properties, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 142 (1969), 507–538.
Gilbert Baumslag and Donald Solitar, Some two-generator one-relator non-Hopfian groups, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 68 (1962), 199–201.
Notes
External links
Gilbert Baumslag, at CCNY
Center for Algorithms and Interactive Scientific Software, at CCNY
New York Group Theory Seminar, at The CUNY Graduate Center
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Group theorists
City College of New York faculty
1933 births
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Manchester
University of the Witwatersrand alumni
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T.G.I.S. | T.G.I.S. is a Philippine television drama series broadcast by GMA Network. Directed by Mark A. Reyes and later Dominic Zapata, it stars Bobby Andrews, Angelu de Leon, Onemig Bondoc, Michael Flores, Raven Villanueva, Red Sternberg, Dingdong Dantes, Antoinette Taus, Sunshine Dizon and Anne Curtis. It premiered on August 12, 1995, on the network's Saturday line up. The series concluded on November 27, 1999, with a total of 233 episodes.
The series is streaming online on YouTube. A film, T.G.I.S.: The Movie was released on January 4, 1997, by Viva Films and GMA Films.
Cast and characters
Angelu de Leon as Ma. Patrice "Peachy" Real
Bobby Andrews as Joaquin "Wacks" Torres III
Michael Flores as Miguel "Mickey" Ledesma
Red Sternberg as Francisco Martin "Kiko" Arboleda De Dios
Raven Villanueva as Cristina "Cris" De Guzman
Maybelyn dela Cruz as Maruja
Lester Llansang as Casper
Bernadette Allyson as Beatrice "Bea" Santillan
Idelle Martinez as Samantha Real
Kim Delos Santos as Tere Gonzaga
Chico Ventosa as Gabby Torres
Onemig Bondoc as Jose Mari "JM" Rodriguez
Rica Peralejo as Michelle "Mitch" Ferrer
Ciara Sotto as Regina "Rain" Abrera
Dingdong Dantes as Iñaki Torres
Antoinette Taus as Bianca de Jesus
Chantal Umali as Happy
Kenneth Cajucom as Marciano "Marci" Macatangay
Chubi del Rosario as Reyster
Anne Curtis as Emily "Em"
Polo Ravales as Inocencio "Ice" Martinez
Sunshine Dizon as Carla "Calai" Escalante
Dino Guevarra as David
Ardie Aquino as Benjo
Jam Melendez as Jag
Jason Aguilar as Bullet
Mark Stefens as Zyron
Aiza Marquez as Billie
Vanna Garcia
Maui Taylor as Bridget
Jake Roxas as Noel Sta. Maria
Joseph Izon as Nicko
Erwin Aquino as Paolo
Shielu Bharwani as Wacks's Date
Amanda Page as Amy
Victoria Haynes as Brat Student
Production
T.G.I.S. was first directed by Mark A. Reyes with story by Kit Villanueva-Langit. The title of the show was conceptualized by Reyes to mean "Thank God It's Sabado," which was derived from commercials of Jollibee ("I Love You Sabado") and San Miguel Beer (Sabado Nights), and the expression "Thank God It's Friday," replacing the Friday with Sabado (the Tagalog word for Saturday).
Soundtrack
The opening theme of the show was originally "Dyslexic Heart" by Paul Westerberg that was taken from the Singles film but it was later changed to "Walking on Sunshine" by Katrina and the Waves.
Accolades
References
External links
1995 Philippine television series debuts
1999 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network drama series
Philippine teen drama television series
Television series by Viva Television
Television shows set in Manila |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMA%20Balita | GMA () is a Philippine television news broadcasting show broadcast by GMA Network. Originally anchored by Mike Lacanilao and Helen Vela, it premiered on May 19, 1986 replacing News at Seven. In 1995, it was moved to weekday mornings and was reformatted as a morning news show. Lacanilao, Veronica Baluyot, Lyn Ching, Alex Tinsay and Arnold Clavio served as the final anchors. The newscast concluded on April 8, 1998. It was replaced by Mornings @ GMA in its timeslot.
Anchors
Mike Lacanilao
Helen Vela
Rene Jose
Bobby Guanzon
Veronica Baluyut-Jimenez
Karen Davila
Amado Pineda
Lyn Ching-Pascual
Alex Tinsay
Arnold Clavio
Rey Pacheco
References
1986 Philippine television series debuts
1998 Philippine television series endings
Filipino-language television shows
GMA Network news shows
Philippine television news shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Giobbe | Paolo Giobbe (10 January 1880 – 14 August 1972) was an Italian cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Papal Datary in the Roman Curia from 1959 to 1968, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1958.
Biography
Giobbe was born in Rome, and studied at the Pontifical Roman Seminary (from where he obtained doctorates in theology and canon law). He was ordained to the priesthood on 4 December 1904, and then did pastoral work in Rome until 1909. Made a Pontifical Ceremonery Supernumerary on 3 May 1909, Giobbe served as a censor of the Roman Liturgical Academy, minutant in the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, and an assistant at the Pontifical Urbaniana University from 1909 to 1918. In 1911, he was a Papal Ablegatus for the imposition of the red biretta on Cardinal Enrique Almaraz y Santos, Archbishop of Seville. Giobbe was raised to the rank of Domestic Prelate of His Holiness on 6 November 1917, and rector of the Pontifical Urbaniana University in 1918.
On 30 March 1925, Giobbe was appointed Nuncio to Colombia and Titular Archbishop of Ptolemais in Thebaide. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 26 April from Cardinal Pietro Gasparri, with Archbishop Tito Trocchi and Bishop Alessandro Fontana serving as co-consecrators, in the chapel of the Urbaniana. As his episcopal motto he chose: Haerere Christo – Remain with Christ. Giobbe was later named Internuncio, with title of nuncio ad personam, to the Netherlands on 12 August 1935, and created cardinal-priest of S. Maria in Vallicella by Pope John XXIII in the consistory of 15 December 1958. So he spent almost 25 years (except during the Second World War) in the Netherlands – for any nuncio an unusually long period.
Giobbe was made Papal Datary on 14 November 1959, and remained in that Curial post until it was suppressed on 1 January 1968. On 8 August 1961, he was made Cardinal Patron of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. From 1962 to 1965, Giobbe attended the Second Vatican Council, during the course of which he participated in the 1963 papal conclave that selected Pope Paul VI.
Giobbe died in Rome, at age 92, as the oldest member of the College of Cardinals. He is buried in the chapel of the Congregation for the Evangelization of the Peoples at the Campo Verano.
References
External links
Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church
Catholic-Hierarchy
20th-century Italian cardinals
Apostolic Nuncios to Colombia
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
1880 births
1972 deaths
Cardinals created by Pope John XXIII
Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni
Patrons of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Rectors of the Pontificio Collegio Urbano de Propaganda Fide |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriots%3A%20A%20Nation%20Under%20Fire | Patriots: A Nation Under Fire is a computer game created by American studio 4D Rulers and published by SilverLine Software. The game was released for Microsoft Windows. It posits the player in the position of a United States Army National Guard soldier whose purpose is to defend the United States of America from a terrorist invasion. Terrorists have invaded US soil in an attempt to seize nuclear weapons and research facilities. On March 4, 2009, THQ Nordic GmbH released the game through GamersGate.
Plot
The game begins with a short background. Major cities of the United States have been attacked by nuclear weapons. Armies of terrorists flock the shores and have taken over most of the country. The player assumes the role of a United States Army National Guard soldier. He is called into the local military base, only to find it overrun by terrorists. From there, the mission is to defeat the terrorist invasion.
Reception
Patriots: A Nation Under Fire was released to overwhelmingly negative reviews. It has been criticized for its poor quality, especially when it comes to graphical fidelity and gameplay. The game has been criticized for its extreme difficulty, even while playing on the easiest difficulty setting. Due to bugs and glitches, it is impossible to complete mission three.
Availability
Patriots: A Nation Under Fire is available to digital purchase on GamersGate.
References
External links
Official website
4D Rulers
Gamespot Review
Difficulty Patch
2007 video games
First-person shooters
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the United States
Windows games
Windows-only games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadow%20RAM%20%28Acorn%29 | Shadow RAM, on the Acorn BBC Micro, Master-series and Acorn Electron microcomputers is the name given to a special framebuffer implementation to free up main memory for use by program code and data. Some implementations of shadow RAM also permit double-buffered graphics.
Background
The BBC Micro, Master-series and Electron machines use the 8-bit 6502 and 65C102 processors with a 16-bit address space. This address space is split into 32 KB RAM (0x0000 to 0x7FFF), 16 KB sideways "paged" address space (0x8000 to 0xBFFF) and 16 KB operating system space (0xC000 to 0xFFFF). Video or screen memory is typically allocated from 0x7FFF downwards as necessary, occupying as little as 1 KB for Teletext mode 7 (and thus the region from 0x7C00 to 0x7FFF), or as much as 20 KB for modes 0-2 (and thus the region from 0x3000 to 0x7FFF). Thus, screen memory can therefore occupy a considerable amount of the available directly-addressed 32 KB RAM.
Overview
Shadow RAM is a block of RAM that can be considered to reside in parallel to the normal memory map and is accessed by the system only under certain conditions. When shadow RAM is enabled, the memory region normally used for screen memory becomes available for BASIC program use and for applications employing officially documented operating system interfaces. Given the maximum requirement of 20 KB for screen memory with the systems concerned, the amount of shadow RAM provided is typically 20 KB.
Shadow RAM was fitted as standard on the BBC Micro Model B+ and on the BBC Master series, but was an optional feature provided by third-party expansions on earlier BBC Micro systems and the Acorn Electron. The Aries-B20 product, initially sold by Cambridge Computer Consultants, offered 20 KB shadow RAM for the BBC Model B, transparently diverting non-framebuffer accesses to the shadow RAM for addresses in the 20 KB video memory region.
In systems based on the BBC Model B+, like the Acorn Cambridge Workstation, a programmable array logic (PAL) chip controls access to memory and exposes the screen memory to the CPU by redirecting memory accesses to the appropriate memory locations. When shadow mode is enabled, the PAL chip monitors the addresses of instructions fetched by the CPU, and where such instructions have been fetched from a range of memory from 0xA000 to 0xAFFF or from 0xC000 to 0xDFFF, they are considered to be part of the VDU drivers that may access the screen memory.
Consequently, all memory accesses performed by instructions fetched from these VDU driver regions that then access memory in the range 0x3000 to 0x7FFF are considered to be accessing screen memory, and the PAL chip asserts a signal to select the "shadow" 20 KB memory bank for such instructions so that they may read from or write to the screen. All other RAM accesses while in shadow mode are directed towards a contiguous region of RAM from 0x0000 to 0x7FFF (and potentially up to 0xAFFF, if exposed) that does not host the screen memory. Meanwhile, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique%20Irazoqui | Enrique Irazoqui (5 July 1944 – 16 September 2020) was a Spanish professor of literature, computer chess expert and actor, best known for his role as Jesus Christ in the 1964 film The Gospel According to St. Matthew, directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini. He was 19 when he played the lead role in Pasolini's film and only had a small number of screen roles afterwards.
Irazoqui was born in Barcelona, the son of a Spanish father and an Italian Jewish mother. He received the Honorary Citizenship of the city of Matera, Italy, in 2011.
In 2002 he was the arbiter during the Brains in Bahrain chess match between world champion Vladimir Kramnik and the computer program Deep Fritz, which ended in a tie.
Roles
Jesus Christ in The Gospel According to St. Matthew, 1964, Italy, directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini
Noche de vino tinto, 1966, Spain, directed by José María Nunes
Dante no es únicamente severo, 1966, Spain, directed by Jacinto Esteva and Joaquim Jordà
A la soledat, 2008, Spain, directed by José María Nunes
St. John the Baptist in Das Neue Evangelium, 2020, Italy, directed by Milo Rau.
References
External links
2020 deaths
1944 births
Male film actors from Catalonia
Spanish male film actors
20th-century Spanish male actors
21st-century Spanish male actors
Jewish actors
Male actors from Barcelona
Spanish people of Italian descent
Chess arbiters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideways%20address%20space | The sideways address space on the Acorn BBC Microcomputer, Electron and Master-series microcomputer was Acorn's bank switching implementation, providing for permanent system expansion in the days before hard disk drives or even floppy disk drives were commonplace. Filing systems, application and utility software, and drivers were made available as sideways ROMs, and extra RAM could be fitted via the sideways address space.
The BBC Micro Advanced User Guide refers to the sideways address space as "paged ROMs" because it predated the use of this address space for RAM expansion. The BBC B+, B+ 128 and BBC Master all featured sideways RAM as standard.
Sideways address space
The machines used the 8-bit 6502 and 65C102 processors with a 16-bit address space. The address space was split into 32 KB RAM (0x0000 to 0x7FFF), 16 KB sideways address space (0x8000 to 0xBFFF) and 16 KB operating system space (0xC000 to 0xFFFF).
The sideways address space is a bank-switched (referred to by Acorn as "paged") address space that allows access to one 16 KB bank at a time. Each bank can be ROM or RAM.
On both the BBC Micro and the BBC Master, there are ROM sockets on the motherboard (four on the BBC Micro) which take sideways ROMs. The BBC Micro shipped with a single ROM, containing BBC BASIC; further ROMs can be added to the computer to add software that will remain available at all times. The Electron's sideways address space was exposed only by the addition of a Plus 1 add-on or a third-party equivalent; the Plus 1 also introduced cartridge slots that were carried over into the BBC Master design as an alternative way to package ROMs.
Sideways ROMs permitted the addition of new filing systems to the OS (such as the Disc Filing System) and application and utility software. Software supplied as ROMs has two main benefits: it loads instantaneously (if delivered as language or service ROMs), and it requires very little RAM to operate (and may use the dedicated paged ROM area of RAM that normal software keeps clear of). This allowed for application software to have more working space than would normally be possible, and for utility software such as debuggers to operate on software held in RAM.
The ROM filing system also allowed software to reside in ROMs as files that would be loaded in a similar way to cassette programs. Such loading was not instantaneous since it involved transferring the files into RAM, but was nevertheless used by Acorn to deliver some cartridge-based software such as games and utilities, ostensibly due to the ability to redeploy cassette-based software in another medium without needing to make significant changes to the software.
Sideways model
The first few bytes of sideways ROMs contain details that inform the OS how to handle them. These include language and service entry points, ROM type code, version number and a pointer to the copyright information. On reset the OS validates each sideways bank by checking for a copyright string. Duri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ewing%20Duncan | David Ewing Duncan is an American journalist, author, and researcher on new discoveries and their implications for the life sciences. He also writes about robots and artificial intelligence. He is the author of 12 books and a journalist for Vanity Fair, Wired, Scientific American, The Atlantic, The New York Times, MIT Technology Review, National Geographic, and other publications.
He was a special correspondent and producer for Nightline, a commentator and producer for Morning Edition, and chief correspondent for Tech Nation on NPR. He is the co-founder and curator of Arc Fusion, which holds events around the world for leaders and thinkers on the fusion of health, information technology biomedicine, and on the future of humans. He is the creative director of Cure and recently was a health strategist-in-residence for IDEO.
Early life and education
Duncan was born in Kansas City, Missouri, and grew up in Lake Quivira, Kansas. His father, Herbert Ewing Duncan, Jr., is an architect. His mother, Patricia DuBose Duncan, was an artist, photographer, and environmental activist whose work helped lead to the establishment of the Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in 1996. He graduated from Vassar College, where he studied English literature and history.
Career
Duncan worked for U.S. Senator John Danforth, (R-MO).
From 1981-83, he led The World Bike for Hope, a 14,000-mile, 23-nation bicycle trek around the world that raised money for Project Hope and led to his first book, Pedaling the Ends of the Earth. In 1986-87, he bicycled from Cape Town to Cairo in Africa, a voyage he chronicled for National Public Radio and in the book Cape to Cairo: An African Odyssey.
After cycling around the world and south to north through Africa in the 1980s, Duncan launched a career in journalism, writing for Life magazine and other publications, and serving as a commentator and contributor for NPR, mostly for Morning Edition. In 1993, he was appointed a special correspondent and producer for ABC Nightline, covering mostly healthcare and science. He wrote four books, a biography of the conquistador Hernando de Soto (A Savage Quest in the Americas); a history of time (The Calendar), Masterminds: Genius, DNA, and the Quest to Rewrite Life, a book about the pioneers of genetics and synthetic biology, and an investigative book, Residents: The Perils and Promise of Educating Young Doctors, addressing how doctors are trained based on a story in Harper’s.
In 1996, Nightline released a documentary, which tracked a 36-hour shift of a medical resident, based in part on his book. He co-produced documentaries for the Discovery Channel and later was a correspondent-producer for NOVA’s ScienceNow! on PBS. In 1998, he was hired by producer Elliott Kastner to write a screenplay adapted from Duncan’s biography of Hernando de Soto, set in the future in outer space.
In 2001, Duncan was one of the first humans to be genetically sequenced, which was reported on in the magazine Wired. He |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowyer%E2%80%93Watson%20algorithm | In computational geometry, the Bowyer–Watson algorithm is a method for computing the Delaunay triangulation of a finite set of points in any number of dimensions. The algorithm can be also used to obtain a Voronoi diagram of the points, which is the dual graph of the Delaunay triangulation.
Description
The Bowyer–Watson algorithm is an incremental algorithm. It works by adding points, one at a time, to a valid Delaunay triangulation of a subset of the desired points. After every insertion, any triangles whose circumcircles contain the new point are deleted, leaving a star-shaped polygonal hole which is then re-triangulated using the new point. By using the connectivity of the triangulation to efficiently locate triangles to remove, the algorithm can take O(N log N) operations to triangulate N points, although special degenerate cases exist where this goes up to O(N2).
History
The algorithm is sometimes known just as the Bowyer Algorithm or the Watson Algorithm. Adrian Bowyer and David Watson devised it independently of each other at the same time, and each published a paper on it in the same issue of The Computer Journal (see below).
Pseudocode
The following pseudocode describes a basic implementation of the Bowyer-Watson algorithm. Its time complexity is . Efficiency can be improved in a number of ways. For example, the triangle connectivity can be used to locate the triangles which contain the new point in their circumcircle, without having to check all of the triangles - by doing so we can decrease time complexity to . Pre-computing the circumcircles can save time at the expense of additional memory usage. And if the points are uniformly distributed, sorting them along a space filling Hilbert curve prior to insertion can also speed point location.
function BowyerWatson (pointList)
// pointList is a set of coordinates defining the points to be triangulated
triangulation := empty triangle mesh data structure
add super-triangle to triangulation // must be large enough to completely contain all the points in pointList
for each point in pointList do // add all the points one at a time to the triangulation
badTriangles := empty set
for each triangle in triangulation do // first find all the triangles that are no longer valid due to the insertion
if point is inside circumcircle of triangle
add triangle to badTriangles
polygon := empty set
for each triangle in badTriangles do // find the boundary of the polygonal hole
for each edge in triangle do
if edge is not shared by any other triangles in badTriangles
add edge to polygon
for each triangle in badTriangles do // remove them from the data structure
remove triangle from triangulation
for each edge in polygon do // re-triangulate the polygonal hole
newTri := form a triangle from edge to point
add newTri to triangulation
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20asparagi | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. asparagi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting asparagus.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. asparagi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Vegetable diseases
Forma specialis taxa
Fungi described in 1946 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20batatas | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. batatas is a fungal plant pathogen infecting sweet potatoes.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. batatas
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Root vegetable diseases
Fungi described in 1940
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20cannabis | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cannabis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting hemp.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. cannabis
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Hemp diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20carthami | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. carthami is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. carthami
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa
Fungi described in 1963 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20coffea | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. coffea is a fungal plant pathogen infecting coffee.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. coffea
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Coffee diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20cyclaminis | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cyclaminis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting cyclamens.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. cyclaminis
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa
Fungi described in 1954 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20dianthi | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. dianthi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting carnations.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. dianthi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Ornamental plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa
Fungi described in 1899 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20lentis | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lentis is a fungal plant pathogen infecting lentils.
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. lentis
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Vegetable diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20lini | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lini is a fungal plant pathogen. Among the diseases it causes is flax wilt.
See also
List of flax diseases
References
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. lini
Fungi described in 1940
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Fiber plant diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20pisi | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting peas, endemic to Moldova.
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. pisi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Vegetable diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20oxysporum%20f.sp.%20vasinfectum | Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum is a fungal plant pathogen.
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa
Fungi described in 1892 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusarium%20solani%20f.sp.%20pisi | Fusarium solani f.sp. pisi is a fungal plant pathogen infecting peas.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
solani f.sp. pisi
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Vegetable diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibberella%20cyanogena | Gibberella cyanogena is a fungal plant pathogen.
References
External links
Index Fungorum
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
cyanogena
Fungi described in 1883
Taxa named by John Baptiste Henri Joseph Desmazières |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable%20energy%20in%20the%20United%20States | According to data from the US Energy Information Administration, renewable energy accounted for about 13.1% of total primary energy consumption and about 21.5% of total utility-scale electricity generation in the United States in 2022.
Since 2019, wind power has been the largest producer of renewable electricity in the country. Wind power generated 434.8 terawatt-hours of electricity in 2022, which accounted for 10.25% of the nation's total electricity generation and 47.6% of the total renewable electricity generation. By January 2023, the United States nameplate generating capacity for wind power was 141,300 megawatts (MW). Texas remained firmly established as the leader in wind power deployment, followed by Iowa and Oklahoma as of the first quarter of 2023.
Hydroelectric power is the second-largest producer of renewable electricity in the country, generating around 6.5% of the nation's total electricity in 2022 as well as 28.7% of the total renewable electricity generation.
The United States is the fourth largest producer of hydroelectricity in the world after China, Canada and Brazil.
Solar power provides a growing share of electricity in the country, with over 111.6 GW of installed capacity generating about 3.43% of the country's total electricity supply in 2022, up from 2.8% the previous year.
As of 2020, more than 260,000 people worked in the solar industry and 43 states deployed net metering, where energy utilities bought back excess power generated by solar arrays. Large photovoltaic power plants in the United States include Mount Signal Solar (600 MW) and Solar Star (579 MW). Since the United States pioneered solar thermal power technology in the 1980s with Solar One, several more such power stations have been built. The largest of these solar thermal power stations are the Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (392 MW), southwest of Las Vegas, and the SEGS group of plants in the Mojave Desert, with a total generating capacity of 354 MW.
Other renewable energy sources include geothermal, with The Geysers in Northern California the largest geothermal complex in the world.
The development of renewable energy and energy efficiency marked "a new era of energy exploration" in the United States, according to former President Barack Obama. In a joint address to the Congress on February 24, 2009, President Obama called for doubling renewable energy within the following three years. Renewable energy reached a major milestone in the first quarter of 2011, when it contributed 11.7% of total national energy production (660 TWh), surpassing energy production from nuclear power (620 TWh) for the first time since 1997.
In his 2012 State of the Union address, President Barack Obama restated his commitment to renewable energy and mentioned the long-standing Interior Department commitment to permit 10,000 MW of renewable energy projects on public land in 2012. Under President Joe Biden, Congress increased that goal to 25,000 MW (25 GW) by 2025. As of May |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Xylene%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on o-Xylene.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source such as eChemPortal, and follow its directions. MSDS is available from MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC. in the SDSdata.org database.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Distillation data
See also:
m-xylene (data page)
p-xylene (data page)
Spectral data
References
Xylene
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter%20Hunted%20%28video%20game%29 | Hunter Hunted is a side-scrolling action computer game developed by K.A.A. (label of Dynamix) and published by Sierra On-Line on November 8, 1996. The player controls a humanoid creature (either a muscular human called Jake or a minotaur-like creature named Garathe Den) who fights enemies, completes objectives, and tries to find the hidden exit in each level. Of the two, Garathe possesses superior strength and stamina, while Jake can take advantage of more sophisticated weaponry.
Story
The game is set in 2015, years after Earth is invaded by a race of technologically superior alien warriors known as the Masters. Following the rapid invasion of Earth by the alien race, the vast majority of humanity is exterminated, and the few survivors are enslaved and forced to fight in the ruins of Earth's cities for the entertainment of the Masters. A fictional planet Kullrathe is also invaded by the Masters, and its Minotaur-like inhabitants there are herded into concentration camps, then also forced to play the "Hunter Hunted" game for the entertainment of the aliens.
Scattered deep in the battle arenas are car parts which the game's two protagonists, Jake and Garathe Den, try to salvage, in order to construct a working vehicle and escape the Masters. The nature of Garathe and Jake's relationship is unclear in the game, as in some of the game's videos it appears that Garathe is hunting Jake down, and yet they appear to escape together in the hover car when all the car parts are found.
The story of Hunter-Hunted was tied into the Metaltech: Earthsiege universe as a prequel of sorts. While Hunter-Hunted and the first two Earthsiege games make little or no reference to each other, the storyline for Starsiege retroactively makes Hunter-Hunted a major part of the backstory. While most of the reference to story based on Hunter-Hunted is just found in the printed companion materials, several game characters reference the religious figure "Jake Hunter", who (according to followers) saved humanity from a race of aliens.
Gameplay
The game can be played by either one or two players: it has 65 single-player missions and 35 multiplayer missions (20 head-to-head missions and 15 cooperative missions). An optional add-on provides 15 new single-player missions, two new head-to-head missions, and three more cooperative missions. In total, there are 120 missions in the game.
The missions can be completed in any order, the traditional ascending one just takes fewer clicks to go. Also, the first few missions are tutorials that provide some tips.
Missions fall into two major groups: "Hunter" and "Hunted". "Hunter" missions feature slaying numerous monsters with good amount of ammunition, while "Hunted" ones emphasize staying alive with limited resources while facing dangers like numerous obstacles or AI hunters.
Like many side-scrolling games of the time, most levels consist of several parallel planes that the player character can move between. The player character can |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudy%3A%20The%20Rudy%20Giuliani%20Story | Rudy: The Rudy Giuliani Story is an American television film produced and broadcast in 2003 on the USA Network. The movie stars James Woods as former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani and depicts the life of Giuliani, focusing primarily on his mayoral career and response to the September 11 attacks.
The film was based on the 2000 biography Rudy!: An Investigative Biography of Rudy Giuliani by Wayne Barrett.
It has been broadcast in several countries.
Cast
James Woods as Rudy Giuliani
Penelope Ann Miller as Donna Hanover
Michelle Nolden as Cristyne Lategano
Philip Spensley as Howard Safer
Jack Langedijk as William Bratton
John Bourgeois as Peter Powers
Kirsten Bishopric as Judith Nathan
Mark Camacho as Tony Carbonetti
Maxim Roy as Beth Petrone
The real Rudy Giuliani makes a cameo in the film as a construction worker.
Reception
John Leonard of New York Magazine gave it a negative review and wrote: "Rudy seems to suggest that such passionate mood swings are nothing more than lint in the navel and wax in the ears of a Great Man being grandly operatic."
MaryAnn Johanson of Flick Filosopher thought the film came too soon after September 11, 2001 for real perspective and said the film "suffers from a shallowness and a rushed kind of hagiography".
In November 2020, thousands of social media users rediscovered the film and began mocking it, both for its poor quality and in light of Giuliani's career since its release.
In a 2006 interview with PARADE, Woods reported that Giuliani met with him after the network premiere and praised his performance in the film.
Awards and nominations
Emmy Awards
2003: Nominated, "Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie" - James Woods
2003: Nominated, "Outstanding Makeup for a Miniseries, Movie or a Special (Non-Prosthetic)" - Jocelyne Bellemare, Stephan Dupuis, Cécile Rigault, Matthew W. Mungle
Satellite Awards
2004: Won, "Best Motion Picture Made for Television"
2004: Won, "Best Performance by an Actor in a Miniseries or a Motion Picture Made for Television" - James Woods
Writers Guild of America Awards
2004: Nominated, "Adapted Long Form" - Stanley Weiser
References
External links
2003 television films
2003 films
2003 biographical drama films
American biographical drama films
Biographical films about politicians
Films scored by Harald Kloser
Films based on the September 11 attacks
Rudy Giuliani
USA Network original films
Cultural depictions of politicians
Cultural depictions of American men
American drama television films
Films directed by Robert Dornhelm
2000s English-language films
2000s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anime%20Current | Anime Current was an anime television block running on G4 Canada, in which one series is broadcast from beginning to end. It was similar to Anime Unleashed, a former programming block on the American version of G4. It premiered on 6 November 2006 with R.O.D the TV.
On 1 January 2007, G4techTV and Geneon Entertainment announced an exclusive deal in which Geneon titles would air on Anime Current. Previously, Geneon's first (and only) title that aired in Canada was Samurai Champloo on Razer's Kamikaze block.
On 25 June 2007, the channel announced the lineup would include six series, first being, Serial Experiments Lain, Texhnolyze, Last Exile, Tokyo Underground, Ergo Proxy, and Paranoia Agent. At the end of July 2008, Anime Current reappeared on the channel's schedule, but would finally shut down a few months later in November 2008.
Series broadcast earlier
(In Order of date aired)
R.O.D the TV
Gad Guard
Tenjho Tenge
Gun Sword
Trigun
Lupin the Third Part II (First 52 episodes only)
Serial Experiments Lain
Paranoia Agent
Texhnolyze
Last Exile
Tokyo Underground
Ergo Proxy
Requiem from the Darkness
3×3 Eyes
Black Lagoon
Series that never aired
Daphne in the Brilliant Blue - Advertised as set to air once Lupin The 3rd Part II's 52-episode run concluded, the series never made it to air, most likely due to Geneon shutting down their North American operations.
References
Television programming blocks in Canada
Anime television |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinobacterium%20georgiense | Marinobacterium georgiense is a Gram-negative bacterium.
External links
Type strain of Marinobacterium georgiense at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Alteromonadales
Bacteria described in 2002 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronavigation | Neuronavigation is the set of computer-assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or "navigate” within the confines of the skull or vertebral column during surgery, and used by psychiatrists to accurately target rTMS (Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation). The set of hardware for these purposes is referred to as a neuronavigator.
Stereotactic Surgery
Neuronavigation is recognized as the next evolutionary step of stereotactic surgery, a set of techniques that dates back to the early 1900s and that gained popularity during the 1940s, particularly in Germany, France and the U.S., with the development of surgery for the treatment of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease and dystonias. In its infancy the purpose of this technology was to create a mathematical model describing a proposed coordinate system for the space within a closed structure, e.g., the skull. This "fiducial spatial coordinate system” uses fiducial markers as a reference to describe with high accuracy the position of specific structures within this arbitrarily defined space. The surgeon then refers to that data to target particular structures within the brain. This technology was boosted by the collection of data on human anatomy in “stereotactic atlases”, expanding the quantitatively defined “targets” that could be readily used in surgery. Finally, the advent of modern neuro-imaging technologies such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—along with the ever-increasing capabilities of digitalization, computer-graphic modelling and accelerated manipulation of data through complex mathematical algorithms via robust computer technologies—made possible the real-time quantitative spatial fusion of images of the patient's brain with the created “fiducial coordinate system” for the purpose of guiding the surgeon's instrument or probe to a selected target. In this way the observations done via highly sophisticated neuro-imaging technologies (CT, MRI, angiography) are related to the actual patient during surgery.
Neuro Imaging
The ability to relate the position of a real surgical instrument in the surgeon's hand or the microscope's focal point to the location of the imaged pathology, updated in "real time" in an "integrated operating room", highlights the modern version of this set of technologies. In its current form, neuronavigation began in the 1990s and has adapted to new neuro-imaging technologies, real-time imaging capabilities, new technologies to transfer the information in the operating room for 3-D localization, real-time neuro-monitoring, robotics, and new and better algorithms to handle data via more sophisticated computer technology.
Surgical Virtualization
In its later conceptualization, the term neuronavigation has started to overlap fuse with surgical-virtualization in which a neurosurgeon is able to visualize the scenario for surgery in a 3-D model of manipulable computer data. In this way the physician can "practice and chec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20data%20analysis | Social data analysis is the data-driven analysis of how people interact in social contexts, often with data obtained from social networking services. The goal may be to simply understand human behavior or even to propagate a story of interest to the target audience. Techniques may involve understanding how data flows within a network, identifying influential nodes (people, entities etc.), or discovering trending topics.
Social data analysis usually comprises two key steps: 1) gathering data generated from social networking sites (or through social applications), and 2) analysis of that data, in many cases requiring real-time (or near real-time) data analysis, measurements which understand and appropriately weigh factors such as influence, reach, and relevancy, an understanding of the context of the data being analyzed, and the inclusion of time horizon considerations. In short, social data analytics involves the analysis of social media in order to understand and surface insights which is embedded within the data.
Social data analysis can provide a new slant on business intelligence where social exploration of data can lead to important insights that the user of analytics did not envisage/explore. The term was introduced by Martin Wattenberg in 2005 and recently also addressed as big social data analysis in relation to big data computing.
Systems are available to assist users in analyzing social data. They allow users to store data sets and create corresponding visual representations. The discussion mechanisms often use frameworks such as a blogs and wikis to drive this social exploration/Collaborative intelligence.
Obtaining social data
Social networking services are increasingly popular with the development of Web 2.0. Many of these services provide APIs that allow easy access to their data by responding to user queries with the requested data in the form of XML or JSON formatted strings. In order to protect privacy of their users, services such as Facebook require that the person requesting data has the necessary data access permissions. Services may also charge users for access to their data. Sources of social data include Twitter, Facebook, news websites, Wikipedia and We Feel Fine.
Some APIs only allow access to data in small quantities, hence indexing the data in bulk can become a challenge. Six_Apart was the first social media company to provide a (free) firehose of content for all the posts in their network (provided over XMPP). Twitter later came along and provided a firehose as did companies like Spinn3r, Datasift, and GNIP.
Methods of analysis
In most cases, we want to find out the relationships between social data and another event or we want to get interesting results from social data analyses to predict some events. There are some outstanding articles in this field, including Twitter Mood Predicts The Stock Market, Predicting The Present With Google Trends etc. In order to accomplish these goals, we need the appropriate |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternaria%20alternata%20f.sp.%20cucurbitae | Alternaria alternata f.sp. cucurbitae is a plant pathogen.
External links
USDA ARS Fungal Database
Alternaria
Fungal plant pathogens and diseases
Forma specialis taxa |
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