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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Process%20migration | In computing, process migration is a specialized form of process management whereby processes are moved from one computing environment to another. This originated in distributed computing, but is now used more widely. On multicore machines (multiple cores on one processor or multiple processors) process migration happens as a standard part of process scheduling, and it is quite easy to migrate a process within a given machine, since most resources (memory, files, sockets) do not need to be changed, only the execution context (primarily program counter and registers).
The traditional form of process migration is in computer clusters where processes are moved from machine to machine, which is significantly more difficult, as it requires serializing the process image and migrating or reacquiring resources at the new machine. The first implementation of process migration was in the DEMOS/MP operating project at the University of California, Berkeley and was described in a 1983 paper by Barton Miller and Michael Powell. Process migration is implemented in, among others, OpenMosix and the Sprite OS from the University of California, Berkeley.
Varieties
Process migration in computing comes in two flavors:
Non-preemptive process migration Process migration that takes place before execution of the process starts (i.e. migration whereby a process need not be preempted). This type of process migration is relatively cheap, since relatively little administrative overhead is involved.
Preemptive process migration Process migration whereby a process is preempted, migrated and continues processing in a different execution environment. This type of process migration is relatively expensive, since it involves recording, migration and recreation of the process state as well as the reconstructing of any inter-process communication channels to which the migrating process is connected.
Problems
Several problems occur when a running process moves to another machine. Some of these problems are:
I/O redirection:
if a process does I/O to files or devices that are bound to a certain machine, there must be a way to redirect access to these resources even after the process migrated. This involves redirection of the I/O data stream over the network and has disadvantages concerning security, performance and reliability.
Inter-process communication:
messages sent to a process with process ID P on a machine M have to be redirected to the new machine N and the new process ID Q. The machine the process migrated away from needs to keep records of migrated processes. If multiple migration occurs, the overhead increases.
Shared memory:
if one of a group of cooperating processes migrates away and all these processes use a shared memory segment, then the network must be used to emulate shared memory access. This adds complexity and slows down access to the shared memory dramatically for processes that migrated away from the machine holding the shared memory.
The phenomena that a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20AIS%20Database | The European Aeronautical Information Services Database (EAD) is a centralised reference database of quality-assured aeronautical information, which was developed by EUROCONTROL member states. AIS units as data providers maintain the aeronautical information under their responsibility whereas airspace users, acting as data users, retrieve, consult, and download such information.
The EAD provides instant access to the most up-to-date digital aeronautical information from the ECAC and ECAC+ areas, from Notices to Airmen (NOTAM), pre-flight information bulletins (PIB), briefing facility services and the AIP library.
The EAD is the world’s largest aeronautical information management (AIM) system.
External links
EAD on Eurocontrol's website
AIS/airspace data management on Eurocontrol's website
Aviation in Europe
Air traffic control in Europe
Bibliographic databases and indexes
Aeronautical databases
Databases in Europe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-server | In computer network protocol design, inter-server communication is an extension of the client–server model in which data are exchanged directly between servers. In some fields server-to-server (S2S) is used as an alternative, and the term inter-domain can in some cases be used interchangeably.
Protocols
Protocols that have inter-server functions as well as the regular client–server communications include the following:
IPsec, secure network protocol that can be used to secure a host-to-host connection
The domain name system (DNS), which uses an inter-server protocol for zone transfers;
The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP);
FXP, allowing file transfer directly between FTP servers;
The Inter-Asterisk eXchange (IAX);
InterMUD;
The IRC, an Internet chat system with an inter-server protocol allowing clients to be distributed across many servers;
The Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP);
The Protocol for SYnchronous Conferencing (PSYC);
SIP, a signaling protocol commonly used for Voice over IP;
SILC, a secure Internet conferencing protocol;
The Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP, formerly named Jabber).
ActivityPub a client/server API for creating, updating and deleting content, as well as a federated server-to-server API for delivering notifications and content.
SMTP which accepts both MUA->MTA traffic, as well as MTA->MTA, but it is usually recommended that different ports are used for these actions
Some of these protocols employ multicast strategies to efficiently deliver information to multiple servers at once.
See also
Overlay network
Internet Relay Chat
Network protocols
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apricot%20File | Apricot File was a British magazine catering to users of early Apricot Computers microcomputer systems. It was based in London, published by TP Group and edited throughout its lifetime by Dennis Jarrett. The magazine was in circulation between 1985 and 1988.
History and profile
There were 36 issues, all in A4 format: the first, called Release 1.1, was dated October 1985 and the last, Release 3.12, was undated but appeared in September or October 1988. Contents included consumer reviews of Apricot hardware and software, and technical advice on programming for Apricots. David Langford regularly contributed The Disinformation Column from Release 1.2 (November 1985) until the final issue. Other regular contributors were: Edward N Bromhead, Henry Deckhand (a pseudonymous cynic), Lindsay Doyle, Roger Gann, Paul N Humphreys, Garreth Keogh, Kathy Lang, Paul Lavin, Simon Potter, David St. John-Wallis and Mark Whitehorn.
Dennis Jarrett's farewell editorial (The Last Word) noted that Apricot File subscribers were being steadily lost "to the beckoning lure of IBM-compatibility."
References
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
1988 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Defunct computer magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines published in London
Magazines established in 1985
Magazines disestablished in 1988 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Norris%20%28technology%20writer%29 | Mark Norris is a British consultant in the field of software engineering and telecommunications, noted as for his work writing on technology-related subjects.
He gained a doctorate from the University of Glasgow in 1979 and has since worked in Australia, Europe, the Middle East and Japan in the telecommunications industry (working for some years for BT Group) and in academia (holding a position of visiting professor at the University of Ulster).
Norris is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (formerly known as the Institution of Electrical Engineers).
References
Bibliography
Norris, Mark; Rigby, Peter, Software Engineering Explained, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1992. ISBN
Norris, Rigby, Payne, The Healthy Software Project: A Guide to Successful Development and Management, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1993, ISBN
Norris, Mark, Survival in the Software Jungle, Artech House, 1995. ISBN
Norris, Mark; Winton, Neil, Energize the Network: Distributed Computing Explained, Addison-Wesley, 1997. ISBN
Norris, Mark; Frost, Andrew, Exploiting the Internet: Understanding and Exploiting an Investment in the Internet, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1997. ISBN
West, Steve; Norris, Mark, Media Engineering: A Guide to Developing Information Products, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1997, ISBN
Atkins, John; Norris, M, Total Area Networking, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1999. ISBN
Norris, Mark; Pretty, Steve, Designing the Total Area Network: Intranets, VPN's and Enterprise Networks Explained, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 1999, ISBN
Bustard, Dave; Kawalek, Peter; Norris, Mark (Editors), Systems Modeling for Business Process Improvement, Artech House, 2000. ISBN
Norris, M, Communications Technology Explained, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2000. ISBN
Norris, Mark; West, Steve, eBusiness essentials: technology and network requirements for mobile and online markets, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, 2001. ISBN
Norris, Mark, Mobile IP Technology for M-Business, Artech House, 2001.ISBN
Norris, Mark, Gigabit Ethernet Technology and Applications,Artech House, 2002. ISBN
British technology writers
Norris, Mark (technology writer)
Fellows of the Institution of Engineering and Technology
Alumni of the University of Glasgow
British Telecom people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickCheck | QuickCheck is a software library, specifically a combinator library, originally written in the programming language Haskell, designed to assist in software testing by generating test cases for test suites – an approach known as property testing.
Software
It is compatible with the compiler, Glasgow Haskell Compiler (GHC) and the interpreter, Haskell User's Gofer System (Hugs). It is free and open-source software released under a BSD-style license.
In QuickCheck, assertions are written about logical properties that a function should fulfill. Then QuickCheck attempts to generate a test case that falsifies such assertions. Once such a test case is found, QuickCheck tries to reduce it to a minimal failing subset by removing or simplifying input data that are unneeded to make the test fail.
The project began in 1999. Besides being used to test regular programs, QuickCheck is also useful for building up a functional specification, for documenting what functions should be doing, and for testing compiler implementations.
Re-implementations of QuickCheck exist for several languages:
C
C++
Chicken
Clojure
Common Lisp
Coq
D
Elm
Elixir
Erlang
F#, and C#, Visual Basic .NET (VB.NET)
Factor
Go
Io
Java
JavaScript
Julia
Logtalk
Lua
Mathematica
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
Prolog
PHP
Pony
Python
R
Racket
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Standard ML
Swift
TypeScript
Whiley
See also
SPIN model checker
Software testing#Property testing
References
Further reading
External links
QuickCheck on Hackage
Software testing tools
Free computer libraries
Free software programmed in Haskell
Free software testing tools
Software using the BSD license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GT%20Nexus | Infor Nexus (formerly known as GT Nexus) is an independent business unit of Infor LLC offering a multienterprise supply chain network. The on-demand global supply chain management platform and integrated applications are used worldwide by businesses to manage global direct procurement, supplier networks, global logistics and global trade processes. Founded in 1998, in Oakland, California, it merged with TradeCard in 2013, and in September 2015, GT Nexus was acquired by Infor. Today, Infor Nexus is a business unit of Infor.
Infor Nexus operates in the Americas, Europe, and Asia with a focus on retail/apparel and industrial manufacturing. Customers include companies in pharmaceuticals, high-tech, automotive, CPG, apparel and footwear. Logistics service providers, financial service providers, and suppliers are also part of the Infor Nexus network. Its customers include Brooks Brothers, Sears, Adidas, Procter & Gamble, Del Monte Foods, Caterpillar Inc., Koch Industries, Abercrombie & Fitch, and Home Depot.
History
1998 – Founded in Alameda, CA as Tradiant.
2001 – Renamed GT Nexus from Tradiant.
2008 – Acquired Metaship, a provider of logistics management technology.
2013 – Merged with TradeCard. Joint company employs about 1,000 people, and serves about 20,000 businesses in manufacturing, retail, and logistics.
2014 – Acquired Clear Abacus, a cloud-based solution that optimizes multimodal transportation planning.
2015 – Acquired by Infor, a technology company delivering industry-specific cloud suites. The deal, valued at $675 million, closed on September 21, 2015.
2018 – GT Nexus launched new global trade management platform.
2019 – GT Nexus relaunched as Infor Nexus.
Products
Infor Nexus products are used by importers, exporters, logistics providers, and financial institutions to manage the flow of inventory, transactions, and information related to global trade. All capabilities are delivered in the cloud with a subscription pricing model.
The platform includes:
Supply Chain Visibility
Supply Chain Intelligence
Factory Management
Transportation Management
Inventory Management
Supply Collaboration
Procure-to-pay
Supply Chain Finance
Competitors include SAP, Descartes, Oracle, and IBM.
See also
Shipping portal
Supply-chain management
Supply chain management software
Supply chain network
Transportation management system
Vendor relationship management
References
External links
Official Site
Supply chain software companies
Software companies based in California
Companies based in Oakland, California
Software companies established in 1998
ERP software companies
Service-oriented (business computing)
Cloud platforms
Business software companies
Defunct software companies of the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPAD%20%28complexity%29 | In computer science, PPAD ("Polynomial Parity Arguments on Directed graphs") is a complexity class introduced by Christos Papadimitriou in 1994. PPAD is a subclass of TFNP based on functions that can be shown to be total by a parity argument. The class attracted significant attention in the field of algorithmic game theory because it contains the problem of computing a Nash equilibrium: this problem was shown to be complete for PPAD by Daskalakis, Goldberg and Papadimitriou with at least 3 players and later extended by Chen and Deng to 2 players.
Definition
PPAD is a subset of the class TFNP, the class of function problems in FNP that are guaranteed to be total. The TFNP formal definition is given as follows:
A binary relation P(x,y) is in TFNP if and only if there is a deterministic polynomial time algorithm that can determine whether P(x,y) holds given both x and y, and for every x, there exists a y such that P(x,y) holds.
Subclasses of TFNP are defined based on the type of mathematical proof used to prove that a solution always exists. Informally, PPAD is the subclass of TFNP where the guarantee that there exists a y such that P(x,y) holds is based on a parity argument on a directed graph. The class is formally defined by specifying one of its complete problems, known as End-Of-The-Line:
G is a (possibly exponentially large) directed graph with every vertex having at most one predecessor and at most one successor. G is specified by giving a polynomial-time computable function f(v) (polynomial in the size of v) that returns the predecessor and successor (if they exist) of the vertex v. Given a vertex s in G with no predecessor, find a vertex t≠s with no predecessor or no successor. (The input to the problem is the source vertex s and the function f(v)). In other words, we want any source or sink of the directed graph other than s.
Such a t must exist if an s does, because the structure of G means that vertices with only one neighbour come in pairs. In particular, given s, we can find such a t at the other end of the string starting at s. (Note that this may take exponential time if we just evaluate f repeatedly.)
Relations to other complexity classes
PPAD is contained in (but not known to be equal to) PPA (the corresponding class of parity arguments for undirected graphs) which is contained in TFNP. PPAD is also contained in (but not known to be equal to) PPP, another subclass of TFNP. It contains CLS.
PPAD is a class of problems that are believed to be hard, but obtaining PPAD-completeness is a weaker evidence of intractability than that of obtaining NP-completeness. PPAD problems cannot be NP-complete, for the technical reason that NP is a class of decision problems, but the answer of PPAD problems is always yes, as a solution is known to exist, even though it might be hard to find that solution. However, PPAD and NP are closely related. While the question whether a Nash equilibrium exists for a given game cannot be NP-hard becau |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External%20variable | In the C programming language, an external variable is a variable defined outside any function block. On the other hand, a local (automatic) variable is a variable defined inside a function block.
Definition, declaration and the extern keyword
To understand how external variables relate to the extern keyword, it is necessary to know the difference between defining and declaring a variable. When a variable is defined, the compiler allocates memory for that variable and possibly also initializes its contents to some value. When a variable is declared, the compiler requires that the variable be defined elsewhere. The declaration informs the compiler that a variable by that name and type exists, but the compiler does not need to allocate memory for it since it is allocated elsewhere.
The extern keyword means "declare without defining". In other words, it is a way to explicitly declare a variable, or to force a declaration without a definition. It is also possible to explicitly define a variable, i.e. to force a definition. It is done by assigning an initialization value to a variable. If neither the extern keyword nor an initialization value are present, the statement can be either a declaration or a definition. It is up to the compiler to analyse the modules of the program and decide.
A variable must be defined exactly once in one of the modules of the program. If there is no definition or more than one, an error is produced, possibly in the linking stage. A variable may be declared many times, as long as the declarations are consistent with each other and with the definition (something which header files facilitate greatly). It may be declared in many modules, including the module where it was defined, and even many times in the same module. But it is usually pointless to declare it more than once in a module.
An external variable may also be declared inside a function. In this case the extern keyword must be used, otherwise the compiler will consider it a definition of a local (automatic) variable, which has a different scope, lifetime and initial value. This declaration will only be visible inside the function instead of throughout the function's module.
The extern keyword applied to a function prototype does absolutely nothing (the extern keyword applied to a function definition is, of course, non-sensical). A function prototype is always a declaration and never a definition. Also, in standard C, a function is always external, but some compiler extensions allow a function to be defined inside a function.
Scope, lifetime and the static keyword
An external variable can be accessed by all the functions in all the modules of a program. It is a global variable. For a function to be able to use the variable, a declaration or the definition of the external variable must lie before the function definition in the source code. Or there must be a declaration of the variable, with the keyword extern, inside the function.
The static keyword (static |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3Dconnexion | 3Dconnexion is a German manufacturer of human interface devices for manipulating and navigating computer-generated 3D imagery. These devices are often referred to as 3D motion controllers, 3D navigation devices, 6DOF devices (six degrees of freedom) or a 3D mouse.
Commonly utilized in CAD applications, 3D modeling, animation, 3D visualization and product visualization, users can manipulate the controller's pressure-sensitive handle (historically referred to as either a cap, ball, mouse or knob) to fly through 3D environments or manipulate 3D models within an application. The appeal of these devices over a mouse and keyboard is the ability to pan, zoom and rotate 3D imagery simultaneously, without stopping to change directions using keyboard shortcuts or a software interface. 3Dconnexion devices are compatible with over 300 applications including Autodesk Inventor, Autodesk Fusion 360, AutoCAD, Siemens NX, CATIA, SOLIDWORKS, PTC Creo, Solid Edge, Blender, Rhinoceros, Revit, SketchUp, Unreal Engine, Unity, Cinema4D, 3ds Max, Maya, Google Earth, Second Life, NASA World Wind, Virtual Earth 3D, Geomagic, T-FLEX CAD, Photoshop, and more.
Products
CadMouse Pro Wireless, CadMouse Pro Wireless Left, CadMouse Pro
CadMouse Compact Wireless, CadMouse Compact
SpaceMouse Enterprise
SpaceMouse Pro Wireless, SpaceMouse Pro
SpaceMouse Wireless, SpaceMouse Compact
Keyboard Pro with Numpad
Discontinued products:
SpaceNavigator, SpaceNavigator for Notebook (Discontinued)
SpaceExplorer (Discontinued)
SpacePilot, SpacePilot Pro (Discontinued)
SpaceTraveler (Discontinued)
SpaceBall (Discontinued)
Magellan/SpaceMouse Classic/Plus/XT serial or USB (Discontinued)
History
3Dconnexion was formed in September 2001 by Logitech, combining LogiCAD3D, based in Europe, and Labtec's 3D peripheral business, based in the United States. The two companies combined have over 20 years of experience in 3D input devices. LogiCAD3D's product, the Magellan controller, was used in fields such as automotive design and aerospace. A NASA project used a Magellan product to control a robot in space. The SpaceBall also had a history in space, having been used to remotely drive the Sojourner robot on Mars.
References
External links
3Dconnexion.com
Free software driver and SDK for Linux
3Dconnexion section on Spacemice.org
Human–computer interaction
Companies based in San Jose, California
Video game control methods
Logitech |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Computer%203 | Little Computer 3, or LC-3, is a type of computer educational programming language, an assembly language, which is a type of low-level programming language.
It features a relatively simple instruction set, but can be used to write moderately complex assembly programs, and is a viable target for a C compiler. The language is less complex than x86 assembly but has many features similar to those in more complex languages. These features make it useful for beginning instruction, so it is most often used to teach fundamentals of programming and computer architecture to computer science and computer engineering students.
The LC-3 was developed by Yale N. Patt at the University of Texas at Austin and Sanjay J. Patel at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Their specification of the instruction set, the overall architecture of the LC-3, and a hardware implementation can be found in the second edition of their textbook. Courses based on the LC-3 and Patt and Patel's book are offered in many computer engineering and computer science departments.
Architectural specification
The LC-3 specifies a word size of 16 bits for its registers and uses a 16-bit addressable memory with a 216-location address space. The register file contains eight registers, referred to by number as R0 through R7. All of the registers are general-purpose in that they may be freely used by any of the instructions that can write to the register file, but in some contexts (such as translating from C code to LC-3 assembly) some of the registers are used for special purposes.
Instructions are 16 bits wide and have 4-bit opcodes. The instruction set defines instructions for fifteen of the sixteen possible opcodes, though some instructions have more than one mode of operation. Individual instructions' execution is regulated by a state machine implemented with a control ROM and microsequencing unit.
The architecture supports the use of a keyboard and monitor to regulate input and output; this support is provided through memory mapped I/O abstractions. In simulation, these registers can be accessed directly, and the architectural specification describes their contents. Higher-level I/O support is also provided through the use of the TRAP instruction and a basic operating system. The operating system provides functions to read and echo characters from the keyboard, print individual characters to the monitor, print entire strings in both packed and unpacked forms, and halt the machine.
All data in the LC-3 is assumed to be stored in a two's complement representation; there is no separate support for unsigned arithmetic. The I/O devices operate on ASCII characters. The LC-3 has no native support for floating-point numbers.
The hardware implementation given in the Patt and Patel text is not pipelined or otherwise optimized, but it is certainly possible to create a fast implementation using more advanced concepts in computer architecture.
Instruction set
The LC-3 instruction se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pride%20Bands%20Alliance | Pride Bands Alliance is an international network of LGBTQ+ and affirming bands. Pride Bands Alliance was originally formed as the Lesbian and Gay Bands of America when members of seven independent lesbian and gay bands met formally in Chicago from October 1–3, 1982. Those bands were the San Francisco Lesbian/Gay Freedom Band (founded June, 1978), the Montrose March Band (Houston, founded June, 1978), the Los Angeles Great American Yankee (GAY) Freedom Band (founded October, 1978), the New York Gay Community Marching Band (founded September, 1979), the Chicago Gay/Lesbian Community Band (founded 1979), DC's Different Drummers (Washington, DC, founded January 7, 1980), and the Oak Lawn Symphonic Band (Dallas, founded May 6, 1980), and the Minnesota Freedom Band (Minneapolis founded September 12, 1982). In 2003 the organization changed the name to Lesbian and Gay Band Association and in 2021 to Pride Bands Alliance to reflect the diversity of the membership. Pride Bands Alliance currently includes over 30 bands in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, and Australia.
The purpose of Pride Bands Alliance is to promote LGBTQ+ Music, Visibility, and Pride by:
Providing an international network of LGBTQ+ and affirming bands in all stages of development;
Promoting music as a medium of communication among people;
Improving the quality of artistic and organizational aspects of member bands; and
Stimulating public interest in the unique art form of community bands in our culture.
Membership
Pride Bands Alliance is made up of member bands, partner groups, and individual affiliate members.
Great performances are the most visible manifestation of the pride band movement. Member bands across the country appear in hundreds of concerts, parades, and community events every year. Member bands in geographic proximity often perform together, and a typical marching schedule will include LGBTQ+ pride parades in several different cities.
Pride Bands Alliance strives to unite people who share a love of band music, and the bands help create and enhance the "community" its members call home. Pride Bands Alliance member bands are sources of pride within their cities, as well as positive symbols of the same communities. Making music creates a family where affection means more than affectional preference. By "banding together," Pride Bands Alliance shows that people of different sexes, ages, creeds, races, and challenges can build a strong community.
Conferences and Special Events
Pride Bands Alliance meets annually hosted by one or more member bands. Members of bands from around the world gather to conduct organizational business, elect officers, encourage the formation of new bands, and share the gift of music. Seminars on topics such as musicianship, programming, membership diversity, and organizational skills are held in addition to general business and committee meetings. Often special ensembles such as saxophone choirs, clarinet choirs and jazz bands are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Hussenot | François Hussenot (22 March 1912 – 16 May 1951) was a French engineer, credited with the invention of one of the early forms of the flight data recorder.
He attended the École polytechnique from 1930 to 1932. After graduation, he attended two other schools: the Ecole Militaire d'Application de l'Aéronautique in Versailles, where he obtained his pilot license, and the Ecole Supérieure d'Aéronautique (better known as Supaéro), which he graduated in 1935 with a degree in aeronautical engineering.
His career began at the Centre d'Essais de Matériels Aériens (CEMA) of Villacoublay, an aircraft test center, in 1935. In July of that year, he married Yvonne. In 1936, he was sent to Saint-Raphaël, in southern France, to take part in the testing of heavy seaplanes. In 1941, he moved to the Centre d'Essais en Vol de Marignane, where he made his early attempts at constructing a flight data recorder. Unlike modern recorders, Hussenot's early models had the particularity of storing the information not on a magnetic band, but on an eight meter long by 88 mm wide photographic film, scrolling in front of a thin spot of light deviated by a mirror to represent the data. The initials HB stood for Hussenot and Beaudouin, the name of an early associate who helped Hussenot in developing the device during World War II. Those flight recorders were also known as "Hussenographs".
In July 1945, Hussenot was appointed as an engineer at the Brétigny-sur-Orge flight test center (Centre d'Essais en Vol de Brétigny-sur-Orge) as the director of the Methods and Try-Outs service (Service des Méthodes et Essais). In 1946, with Maurice Cambois and Charles Cabaret, he created the Ecole du Personnel Navigant (E.P.N.) school, which later became the EPNER (Ecole du Personnel Navigant d'Essais et de Réception). As of today, the EPNER is one of only six test pilot schools in the world, together with the Empire Test Pilots' School, the United States Air Force Test Pilot School and the United States Naval Test Pilot School, the National Test Pilot School, and the Indian Air Force Test Pilots School.
In 1947 Hussenot founded the SFIM (Société Française des Instruments de Mesure) with his associate Marcel Ramolfo, to market his flight data recorder. The SFIM had a successful story of its own, selling many successful data recording devices, before diversifying. The company is today part of the Safran group.
In 1948, Hussenot became professor at SUPAERO. In the same year, he was appointed Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, and was awarded the Médaille de l'Aéronautique (Medal of Aeronautics) in recognition for his services.
François Hussenot died in 1951, in a plane crash between Marignane and Mont-de-Marsan.
External links
http://www.yadubiz.com/suetone/personne/personne_accueil.asp (in French)
https://web.archive.org/web/20070222151312/http://www.supaero.fr/en/the-school/famous-alumni.html
References and footnotes
French aerospace engineers
École Polytechnique alumni
Supaéro alumni
C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FairPoint%20Communications | FairPoint Communications, Inc. was an American operator of communication services. FairPoint's services include local and long-distance phone service, data, Internet, broadband, television, business communications solutions and fiber services. Headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, it served 31 markets in 17 states, mostly in rural areas. FairPoint, along with Frontier Communications, had been at the forefront of acquiring Verizon landline operations.
History
FairPoint was founded as MJD Communications Inc. in 1991, and was established as an incumbent local exchange carrier (ILEC) which gave it certain rights and obligations regarding providing service to rural areas.
The company acquired the Cass County Telephone Company in 2006, integrating its operations into FairPoint Communications Missouri. It also acquired the Germantown Independent Telephone Company in Germantown, Ohio.
Northern New England expansion
In 2007, FairPoint had about 330,000 access points or customers. In that year, Verizon Communications announced plans to sell its landline operations in Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont (Northern New England Spinco) to FairPoint for $2.7 billion. Of that amount, $1.7 billion would go to Verizon Communications in cash and debt and approximately $1.015 billion would go to Verizon shareholders in FairPoint common stock. Verizon would hold no stock.
After extensive federal and state regulatory review and approval, the purchase became effective March 31, 2008, for a price of $2.4 billion. State regulators sought a lower figure out of concerns that excess debt would hamper service and expansion.
Approximately 1.6 million phone customers and 230,000 internet users in the three states were added to FairPoint's customer base, with the result that the Northern New England customers represented 85% of FairPoint's customers.
This increase made FairPoint Communications the 8th largest phone company in the United States.
Bankruptcy
On May 5, 2009, FairPoint indicated in its 2009 first quarter report that it was "considering engaging a financial advisor to evaluate its current capital structure and to explore options with respect to a potential restructuring." It also acknowledged that it was "at risk of failing to comply with the interest coverage covenant contained in its credit facility as early as the covenant measurement period ending June 30, 2009."
On October 26, 2009, FairPoint Communications filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.
The company emerged from bankruptcy in January 2011.
Verizon later lost its remaining money it made on the sale.
Payphone sale
On May 22, 2012, FairPoint announced that it would sell its pay telephone operations to Pacific Telemanagement Services. The deal includes its 4,000 payphones operated through Northern New England Telephone Operations and Telephone Operating Company of Vermont. Fairpoint announced that the phones have become unprofitable at about $1 million in revenue.
2014 Northern New Engl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormont%20Junction%20station | Dormont Junction is a station on the Red Line route of Pittsburgh Regional Transit's light rail network. It is located in Dormont, Pennsylvania. The station is an important park and ride facility, featuring 132 spaces. West Liberty Avenue, Dormont's main artery, is located one block uphill from the station, in a portion of the street that is lined with automobile dealerships. Opposite the commercial sector, a densely populated residential area is located with many homes within walking distance of the station.
History
The original Dormont Junction was a wye between the Pittsburgh Railways private right of way 42 Dormont and the street running 38 Mt. Lebanon. The station stopped being a junction in 1963 when the two routes were combined into the 42/38 Mt. Lebanon Beechview, but the name remained. However, it remains one of only a few places along the route with a Railroad switch allowing the trains to switch tracks. The current station was built in 1985 along with the Mt. Lebanon Tunnel, which bypassed 8 blocks of street running along Washington Road.
Connecting buses
41 Bower Hill: West Liberty Avenue at Park Boulevard
References
External links
Station from Raleigh Avenue from Google Maps Street View
Port Authority of Allegheny County stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1985
Red Line (Pittsburgh) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potomac%20station%20%28Pittsburgh%20Regional%20Transit%29 | Potomac is a station on the Red Line route of Pittsburgh Regional Transit's light rail network. It is located in Dormont, Pennsylvania. The station serves as a small commuter stop, featuring 22 parking spaces. It is located in a densely populated residential area and is designed to provide the primary access route for area residents to Downtown Pittsburgh.
References
External links
Port Authority T Stations Listings
Port Authority of Allegheny County stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1987
Red Line (Pittsburgh) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Unarchiver | The Unarchiver is a proprietary freeware data decompression utility, which supports more formats than Archive Utility (formerly known as BOMArchiveHelper), the built-in archive unpacker program in macOS. It can also handle filenames in various character encodings, created using operating system versions that use those character encodings. The latest version requires Mac OS X Lion or higher. The Unarchiver does not compress files.
The corresponding command line utilities unar and lsar is free software licensed under the LGPL run on Microsoft Windows, Linux, and macOS.
A main feature of the Unarchiver is its ability to handle many old or obscure formats like StuffIt as well as AmigaOS disk images and LZH / LZX archives, and so on. This is credited in its source code to the use of libxad, an Amiga file format library. Ågren also worked to reverse engineer the StuffIt and StuffIt X formats, and his code was one of the most complete open source implementations of these proprietary formats.
References
External links
The Unarchiver's Website
unar, lsar source code repository
Circlesoft Website
Version for Mac OS X 10.6.8 and earlier
Old Source Code as ZIP
File archivers
Data compression software
macOS software
Formerly free software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Flores | Robert Flores (born July 7, 1970) is a sports journalist, who works for MLB Network and NHL Network as a studio host for each. He fills in for Hot Stove on MLB Network. Flores formerly worked at ESPN. Joining the network in 2005, Flores was an anchor for ESPNEWS and for ESPN's SportsCenter (2007–2016). Flores provided studio updates during each game of ABC College Football, and Saturday Night Football. He also served as a substitute studio host for ESPN2's Friday Night Fights. Flores hosted the live afternoon edition of SportsCenter from noon - 3 p.m. with Chris McKendry until early September 2009, when he was replaced with John Buccigross. He was also a substitute host for Baseball Tonight. Flores announced on February 4, 2016 that he would be leaving ESPN after ten years.
Flores is a native of Houston, Texas. He attended J. Frank Dobie High School in Houston and is in the JFD Hall of Fame. He graduated from the University of Houston with a B.A. in Radio/Television in 1992.
A noted fan of professional wrestling, Flores is also the proud owner of a prized Louisville Slugger Ric Flair model bat, autographed by Flair himself.
Notable incidents
In 2006, Flores was co-anchoring ESPNEWS with Danyelle Sargent when she made her now infamous statement "What the fuck was that," due to technical difficulties. Flores was once fired for muttering the same curse word on-air in 2004 when he worked for KEYE in Austin, Texas on a taped segment that was not intended for air.
In March 2015 he made a comment on SportsCenter that Iggy Azalea is "killing hip-hop" leading to numerous verbal jabs between him and Azalea's then boyfriend NBA shooting guard Nick Young.
References
External links
MLB Network Bio
Robert Flores ESPN Bio
1970 births
Living people
ESPN people
University of Houston alumni
Boxing commentators
Major League Baseball broadcasters
MLB Network personalities
College football announcers
American television sports anchors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade%20%28computer%20virus%29 | The Cascade virus (also known as Herbstlaub in Germany) is a prominent computer virus that was a resident written in assembly language, that was widespread in the 1980s and early 1990s. It infected .COM files and had the effect of making text on the screen fall (or cascade) down and form a heap at the bottom of the screen. It was notable for using an encryption algorithm to avoid being detected. However, one could see that infected files had their size increased by 1701 or 1704 bytes. In response, IBM developed its own antivirus software.
The virus has a number of variants. Cascade-17Y4, which is reported to have originated in Yugoslavia, is almost identical to the most common 1704 byte variant. One byte has been changed, probably due to a random "mutation". This, however, has resulted in a "bug" in the virus. Another mutated variant is also known - it infects the same file over and over.
References
F-Secure Computer Virus Information Pages: Cascade
External links
Video of the Cascade virus in action (YouTube)
DOS file viruses
Hacking in the 1980s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%E2%80%93Motzkin%20elimination | Fourier–Motzkin elimination, also known as the FME method, is a mathematical algorithm for eliminating variables from a system of linear inequalities. It can output real solutions.
The algorithm is named after Joseph Fourier who proposed the method in 1826 and Theodore Motzkin who re-discovered it in 1936.
Elimination
The elimination of a set of variables, say V, from a system of relations (here linear inequalities) refers to the creation of another system of the same sort, but without the variables in V, such that both systems have the same solutions over the remaining variables.
If all variables are eliminated from a system of linear inequalities, then one obtains a system of constant inequalities. It is then trivial to decide whether the resulting system is true or false. It is true if and only if the original system has solutions. As a consequence, elimination of all variables can be used to detect whether a system of inequalities has solutions or not.
Consider a system of inequalities with variables to , with the variable to be eliminated. The linear inequalities in the system can be grouped into three classes depending on the sign (positive, negative or null) of the coefficient for .
those inequalities that are of the form ; denote these by , for ranging from 1 to where is the number of such inequalities;
those inequalities that are of the form ; denote these by , for ranging from 1 to where is the number of such inequalities;
those inequalities in which plays no role, grouped into a single conjunction .
The original system is thus equivalent to
.
Elimination consists in producing a system equivalent to . Obviously, this formula is equivalent to
.
The inequality
is equivalent to inequalities , for and .
We have therefore transformed the original system into another system where is eliminated. Note that the output system has inequalities. In particular, if , then the number of output inequalities is .
Example
Consider the following system of inequalities:
To eliminate x, we can write the inequalities in terms of x:
We have two inequalities with "≤" and two with "≥"; the system has a solution if the right-hand side of each "≤" inequality is at least the right-hand side of each "≥" inequality. We have 2*2 such combinations:
We now have a new system of inequalities, with one fewer variable.
Complexity
Running an elimination step over inequalities can result in at most inequalities in the output, thus naively running successive steps can result in at most , a double exponential complexity. This is due to the algorithm producing many unnecessary constraints (constraints that are implied by other constraints). Unnecessary constraints can be detected using linear programming. It follows from McMullen's upper bound theorem that the number of necessary constraints grows as a single exponential. A single exponential implementation of Fourier-Motzkin elimination and complexity estimates are given in.
Im |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upstream%20server | In computer networking, upstream server refers to a server that provides service to another server. แบรนด์รบบเว็บไซต์ In other words, upstream server is a server that is located higher in a hierarchy of servers. The highest server in the hierarchy is sometimes called the origin server—the application server on which a given resource resides or is to be created. The inverse term, downstream server, is rarely used.
The terms are exclusively used in contexts where requests and responses move in opposite ways. It is not used when discussing hierarchical routing or hierarchical network topologies, as packets can be transferred both ways.
For example, in the domain name system, a name server in a company's local area network often forwards requests to the internet service provider's (ISP's) name servers, instead of resolving the domain name directly — it can be said that the ISP's name servers are upstream to the local server. Conversely, the ISP's servers typically resolve domain names from the domain's authoritative origin servers — the authoritative servers are said to be upstream to the ISP's servers. Note that the hierarchy of resolvers is unrelated to the actual domain name hierarchy.
References
Network management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabvision | Cabvision are one of the leading credit card payment providers in London having originally started as a digital screen network operating exclusively in Licensed Taxis.
Cabvision Limited was sold in 2010 and now forms part of Cabvision Network Ltd which designs, fits and operates payment systems in Licensed Taxis. The company is an Approved Supplier of Transport for London and is regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority.
Payment Devices
Cabvision Network are the only TfL approved supplier to offer both an integrated with fare meter system and a Mobile Point of Sale system for London that is installed in the taxi. Hardware from Ingencio forms the original offer and the Miura M10 is the"CabPay" system that works via the drivers mobile phone. Outside of London, the CabPay system does not need to be installed into the taxi and can be used independently.
Cabvision has a choice of payment plans to suit a range of drivers, starting from 1.99% + 10p per transaction. Payments are settled next day, 6 days per week.
Early History
Cabvision started in 2000 with the London Millennium golden taxis campaign. A thousand taxis were installed with Cabvision in central London. The creators of Cabvision are media and advertising executives Jonathan Marquis, a former senior advertising director of the Dentsu Group and Peter Da Costa, proprietor of KPM Taxis. Supported by a number of media and technology companies including IBM, Trident Microsystems and Liquid Digital, The passenger was given several choices at the beginning of each journey and may select from a variety of channels or mute. Cabvision was created as an entertainment, infotainment and advertising system, narrowcasting to a captive ABC1 London audience. Advertisers using the system have included Accenture, Barclays Bank and HSBC.
Media Screens
Cabvision was a digital information and advertising platform playing multiple channels. Channels were provided in recorded format segmented by commercial breaks. Know London was produced by Cabvision and was the default channel on the network. The Know London channel delivered live news, weather, sport, business and a selection of London centric short films. Cabvision stopped installing screens in London taxis in 2011.
Taxi drivers were paid by Cabvision to run the system in their vehicles.
The system was built into a PC located in the vehicle's boot running the Microsoft Windows XP operating system. The unit is designed to be housed in the new-style TX1, TXII and TX4 hackney carriages and connected to a TFT LCD screen between the fold-down passenger seats behind the driver.
Viewing data was collected and sent to the supplier via GPRS technology, emphasising the system's primary use as an advertising tool
Similar media systems
United Kingdom
A similar system to Cabvision was licensed to Cabtivate, which was installed in taxis in Edinburgh, Glasgow, Manchester, Birmingham and Bristol. According to the company's website, the system updates remot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%20Resources%20of%20Tropical%20Africa |
Plant Resources of Tropical Africa, known by its acronym PROTA, is a retired NGO and interdisciplinary documentation programme active between 2000 and 2013. PROTA produced a large database and various publications about Africa's useful plants.
Purpose
PROTA was concerned with increasing accessibility to traditional knowledge and scientific information about many types of African plants including: dyes & tannins, fibers, medicinal plants, stimulants, tropical timbers, vegetables, tubers (carbohydrates), oil seeds, ornamental plants, forage plants, and cereals. PROTA supported the sustainable use of these useful plants to preserve culture, reduce poverty and hunger, and respond to climate change. To this end, PROTA's overall goal was synthesize diverse, published information for approximately 8,000 plants used in tropical Africa, then make it widely accessible through an online database and various book publications. In other words, PROTA was dedicated to making the useful plant biodiversity of tropical Africa better-known and respected.
PROTA's database and various publications are considered unique in their epistemological approach because they were compiled as much from obscure publications as from peer-reviewed and popular literature, gathered throughout Africa and Europe. In this way PROTA publications include Africa-centered references and perspectives, which is a major focus of the broader discipline of African studies. PROTA also was an international NGO registered in Nairobi, Kenya that used information from its publications to structure a number of community projects involving over 800 farmers in Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Kenya, and Madagascar.
Some of PROTA's other goals included:
to promote the sustainable use of plants to the public and private sectors
to facilitate socially inclusive, collaborative research about African plants from experts in Africa and elsewhere
to make research about African plants more accessible
to support intellectual property rights related to the commercial use of African plants
to help graduate students and researchers identify research gaps
to provide research-driven educational materials to vocational and farmer education programs in Africa
Current status
Funding
PROTA retired in 2013 while facing large operational costs after its funding expired. At the point of its retirement, about 50% of PROTA's encyclopedia series was complete. During its operation, PROTA received funds from the European Union's Directorate-General for International Partnerships, Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Netherlands Ministry of Agriculture, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, Wageningen University, COFRA Foundation, International Tropical Timber Organization, and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Since the program's retirement there have been ongoing efforts to fundraise and preserve PROTA's various publications and online database.
Preservation
As of 2022, the PROTA database |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Cyberathlete%20Professional%20League%20World%20Season | The 2006 CPL World Season was a series of electronic sports competitions organized by the Cyberathlete Professional League in the fall of 2006. It was a follow-up of the 2005 CPL World Tour and was announced by the CPL on July 1, 2006.
The tour featured two games, Counter-Strike and Quake 3. After a total of seven qualifier events, the finals were held on 16–20 December 2006 at the Hyatt Regency hotel in Dallas, Texas. The championship finals had a total prize purse of $150,000 and were won by fnatic (Counter-Strike) and Paul "czm" Nelson (Quake 3).
Results
Counter-Strike
Quake III
World Season events
Singapore
Location: Singapore
Date: September 15–17, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike, Quake 3
Winners: fnatic, Fan "Jibo" Zhibo
Brazil
Location: Sao Paulo
Date: November 15–19, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike, Quake 3
Winners: g3nerationX, Daniel "Ryu" Souza De Lima
Italy
Location: Verona
Date: November 24–26, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike, Quake 3
Winners: Against All Authority, Magnus "fojji" Olsson
Australia
Location: Perth
Date: November 25–26, 2006
Games: Quake 3
Winner: Andrew "Python" Chacha
China
Location: Chengdu
Date: November 25–26, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike
Winners: Star.ex
South Korea
Location: Seoul
Date: November 27, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike
Winners: Lavega Gaming
Nordic
Location: Jonkoping, Sweden
Date: November 30 - December 3, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike, Quake 3
Winners: Ninjas in Pyjamas, Fan "Jibo" Zhibo
Championship finals
Location: Dallas, Texas
Date: December 16–20, 2006
Games: Counter-Strike, Quake 3
Winners: fnatic, Paul "czm" Nelson
References
External links
World Season website
World Season Finals website
C
Cyberathlete Professional League |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffin%20%28disambiguation%29 | A muffin is a small quick bread.
Muffin may also refer to:
Food
English muffin, a small yeast-leavened bread
Computing
Muffin (software), the default window manager and Wayland compositor shipped with the Cinnamon desktop environment
Media
Muffin Films, Flash animation company
Muffin the Mule, puppet character in British television programs for children
Muffins (album), 1997 album by Hoobastank
"Muffins", a viral video by Liam Kyle Sullivan
The Muffins, 1970s American band
Charlie Muffin, fictional character in the 1979 television film of the same name
Muffin Lovebird, a fictional character in the British television programme 3rd & Bird
Muffin Heeler, Bluey and Bingo's cousin in Bluey
Muffins, or Derpy Hooves, a fictional character from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic
People
Muffin Spencer-Devlin (born 1953), American golfer
Other uses
Muffin Butte, a summit in Utah, US
Muffin Islands, an island in Alaska, US
Muffin top, a form of obesity
The Muffin Man (disambiguation)
Muffing, a sex act involving the inguinal canals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lance%20Hoffman | Lance J. Hoffman is Emeritus Professor of Computer Science at The George Washington University (GW) in Washington, DC. He initiated and taught the first course on computer security in a regular accredited degree program in the United States at the University of California, Berkeley in 1970 and established the computer security program there and at GW and led GW’s to national recognition as a Center of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education.
He is the author or editor of numerous articles and five books on computer security and privacy. His teaching innovations also include multidisciplinary courses on electronic commerce and network security and the development of a portable educational network for teaching computer security. He also directed the National Science Foundation computer security scholarship programs ("CyberCorps") at GW.
A Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery, Dr. Hoffman has served on a number of Advisory Committees including those of the Center for Democracy and Technology, the Federal Trade Commission, and the ACM Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy, and has occasionally testified before Congress on security and privacy-related issues.
Dr. Hoffman was co-editor of a special section of Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery on electronic voting in 2000 and wrote one of the early reports on issues with electronic voting in 1987, funded by a grant from the Markle Foundation. His later research interests included encryption policy, cybersecurity exercises for college students, e-commerce security, and cybersecurity education and workforce development . He also developed a personal computer-based risk analysis system, RISKCALC, that was a commercial product for a short time . From 2006-2008, he served as an elected Council Member of the town of Chevy Chase, Maryland.
In 2016, Dr. Hoffman was installed in the National Cyber Security Hall of Fame.
Dr. Hoffman received his B. S. in mathematics from Carnegie Mellon University and his M. S. and Ph. D. from Stanford University in computer science.
Books he has authored
Building in Big Brother: The Encryption Policy Debate (Editor), Springer-Verlag, New York, N. Y., 1995
Proceedings of the Second Conference on Computers, Freedom, and Privacy (Editor), Association for Computing Machinery Conferences Office, New York, N. Y., 1993.
Rogue Programs: Viruses, Worms, and Trojan Horses (Editor), Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, N. Y., 1990.
Computers and Privacy in the Next Decade (Editor), Academic Press, New York, N. Y., 1980.
Modern Methods for Computer Privacy and Security, Prentice Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J., 1977.
Security and Privacy in Computer Systems (Editor), Melville Publishing Co., Los Angeles, California, 1973.
Selected publications
Kim Lawson-Jenkins, Lance J. Hoffman, How to Migrate to Internet Voting , January 20, 2007.
Lance J. Hoffman, Making Every Vote Count: Security and Reliability of Computerize |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund%20A.%20Chester | Edmund Albert Chester Sr. (June 22, 1897 – October 14, 1973) was an American television executive. He served as a vice president and executive at the CBS radio and television networks during the 1940s. As Director of Latin American Relations he collaborated with the Department of State to develop CBS's "La Cadena de Las Americas" radio network in support of Pan-Americanism during World War II. He also served as a highly respected journalist and Bureau Chief for Latin America at Associated Press and Vice President at La Prensa Asociada in the 1930s. He was awarded the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes National Order of Merit by the government of Cuba in recognition of his efforts to foster greater understanding between the peoples of Cuba and the United States of America.
Biography
During the course of a journalistic career which ranged over two decades, he assumed a central role in the development of a viable international radio transmission network linking the United States of America with the developing nations of South America and Central America for the CBS network from 1940 through 1949. As Director of Short Wave Broadcasts for CBS he supervised the creation of this vast shortwave service which was widely known throughout South America as the Network of the Americas (La Cadena de las Americas).
Associated Press
Prior to accepting William S. Paley's invitation to join the CBS network, Edmund Chester served as a journalist in Latin America for the Associated Press for twenty years. He first joined the Associated Press in 1930 in Louisville, Kentucky after leaving his position at the Louisville Courier-Journal. During this time he reported on several historic events including: the Lima Pan American Conference in 1938, the catastrophic earthquake in Chile during 1939 and the Havana Pan American Conference in 1940. In later years he emerged as the executive director for Associated Press' Latin America Department and Vice President of Associated Press' Latin American subsidiary La Presnes Asociada.
CBS network
After joining CBS in 1940, Chester assumed the post of Vice President of the Columbia Broadcasting System and assisted William S. Paley and high level diplomats from South America in the development of the intricate broadcast standards which would serve as the foundations for this vital information link during the turbulent World War II era. He also collaborated with his counterparts in Europe during the post World War II era in order to coordinate the creation of new technical broadcast standards and the expansion of the broadcast network which linked the two continents.
His endeavors were not limited to the technical development of CBS' worldwide broadcasting capabilities. As CBS' Director of Latin American Relations Mr. Chester worked in concert with the Department of State, the United States Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs (OCIAA) and Voice of America while supervising the development of news and cultural programming fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precedence%20graph | A precedence graph, also named conflict graph and serializability graph, is used in the context of concurrency control in databases.
The precedence graph for a schedule S contains:
A node for each committed transaction in S
An arc from Ti to Tj if an action of Ti precedes and conflicts with one of Tj's actions. That is the actions belong to different transactions, at least one of the actions is a write operation, and the actions access the same object (read or write).
Precedence graph examples
Example 1
Example 2
A precedence graph of the schedule D, with 3 transactions. As there is a cycle (of length 2; with two edges) through the committed transactions T1 and T2, this schedule (history) is not Conflict serializable.
Notice, that the commit of Transaction 2 does not have any meaning regarding the creation of a precedence graph.
Testing Serializability with Precedence Graph
Algorithm to test Conflict Serializability of a Schedule S along with an example schedule.
or
For each transaction Tx participating in schedule S, create a node labeled Ti in the precedence graph. Thus the precedence graph contains T1, T2, T3.
For each case in S where Tj executes a read_item(X) after Ti executes a write_item(X), create an edge (Ti → Tj) in the precedence graph. This occurs nowhere in the above example, as there is no read after write.
For each case in S where Tj executes a write_item(X) after Ti executes a read_item(X), create an edge (Ti → Tj) in the precedence graph. This results in a directed edge from T1 to T2 (as T1 has R(A) before T2 having W(A)).
For each case in S where Tj executes a write_item(X) after Ti executes a write_item(X), create an edge (Ti → Tj) in the precedence graph. This results in directed edges from T2 to T1, T2 to T3 and T1 to T3.
The schedule S is serializable if and only if the precedence graph has no cycles. As T1 and T2 constitute a cycle, the above example is not (conflict) serializable.
References
External links
The Fundamentals of Database Systems, 5th Edition the use of precedence graphs is discussed in chapter 17, as they relate to tests for conflict serializability.
Abraham Silberschatz, Henry Korth, and S. Sudarshan. 2005. Database System Concepts (5 ed.), PP. 628–630. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, NY, USA.
Database management systems
el:Γράφος Σειριοποιησιμότητας
ru:Граф предшествования |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telcom%20%28Somalia%29 | Telcom is a telecommunications network operator in Somalia. It is the first major privately owned company providing telecommunications services to cities nationwide.
Overview
Telcom is headquartered in Bakaara Market, Mogadishu. It has representative offices in Dubai, UAE and in London, UK, where accounting, international relations and carrier services are handled.
Its chairman is Mohamed Sheikh, with Hassan Ibrahim Mursal serving as CTO and Omar Hussein Adan as chief transmission officer. There are 750 staff employees.
See also
Somtel
Golis Telecom Somalia
Hormuud Telecom
NationLink Telecom
Netco (Somalia)
Somafone
Somali Telecom Group
References
Telcom
External links
Telcom
Telecommunications companies of Somalia
Telecommunications companies established in 1997
Companies based in Mogadishu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Network%20Chart%20Show | The Commercial Radio Chart Show is a radio programme that was broadcast across commercial adult contemporary and contemporary hit radio stations across the United Kingdom, from 30 September 1984 to 30 December 2018. It had many different names over the years, beginning with The Network Chart Show (later sponsored by Nescafé), before securing sponsorship with Pepsi between 1993 and 2003, which led to the birth of The Pepsi Chart. Since then, it has been known as Hit40UK, The Big Top 40 Show, The Vodafone Freebees Big Top 40, The Vodafone Big Top 40 and, finally, The Official Vodafone Big Top 40 between October 2017 and December 2018.
The show was cancelled at the end of 2018, after the producersGlobal Radiowithdrew it from syndication following Bauer Radio's decision to stop broadcasting the programme. The final syndicated commercial radio chart show was broadcast on 30 December 2018 by Marvin Humes and Kat Shoob. It was replaced on Global-owned stations by The Official Big Top 40.
Background
Originally, the main presenter was David Jensen (known then as "Kid Jensen") with holiday cover provided by Timmy Mallett and Alan Freeman, and in later years, Pat Sharp. Jensen would record trailers to run on local stations during the week which famously started with the words "Hi Chart Fans!!".
The programme featured the Network Top 30 and ran from 5-7pm, competing directly with BBC Radio One's Top 40 chart show. It was produced by Capital Radio from their studios on Euston Road in London.
The Network Chart Show aired on Independent Local Radio (ILR) stations using the transmission circuits of Independent Radio News, which meant it was originally broadcast in mono in most areas (some stations near to the London area were able to receive Capital on FM well enough for 'off air' rebroadcast). Later, some circuits were upgraded to enable stereo transmission, followed by a satellite distribution service later on.
The programme went on air at exactly 5:00 pm, displacing IRN's hourly national news bulletins at 5 pm and 6 pm, originating from LBC. Each local station carrying the programme would play their own 10-second ident before linking up with the network feed. The final song faded out shortly before the 7pm networked news, allowing each station to opt-out for an ident before rejoining for the IRN bulletin.
Eventually, on Sunday 21 October 1990, the programme was extended to start following the 4 pm IRN bulletin, with the chart expanded to a Top 40 – although not all of the stations took the extra hour to begin with. From 1985, the programme was sponsored by Nescafe.
Even though The Network Chart is listed currently as the beginning of the linage the true origins of this chart go way back to the 1970s under the title The Capital Countdown using older 70s MRIB and some episodes of it have surfaced online though online your usual classic tape recordings radio on demand services which is evidence to this incarnation existing before The Network Chart.
The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaca%20Cave | Karaca Cave () is a network of caves located near the town of Torul in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey.
Although the cave was known to the people living in that region, it became open to tourism as a result of the scientific research conducted by Sukru Eroz, a geological engineer from Cebeli Village, between the years 1983-1990. Prof. Dr. Remzi Dilek and his team from the Department of Geological Engineering at the (Karadeniz Technical University) contributed a lot of research and scientific studies of the cave. As a result of these studies, it was opened to tourism in 1996 after the Ministry of Culture and Tourism was informed and the cave was officially registered.
Location of the cave
Karaca Cave is surrounded by the borders of the village Cebeli in Torul. It is far away from the city center at an elevation of high above sea level. The cave attracts the most tourists in Gumushane.
The cave can be reached by following the road, which branches off from the 12th km of the Gumushane-Trabzon highway D.885 / E97. There are restaurants and other small stores located near the cave.
Characteristics
In the area extending between Gümüşhane and Torul, there are extensive formations consisting of various types of extrusive, igneous rock, including andesitic and basaltic lavas, tuffs and agglomerates. The total thickness of these deposits reaches . These igneous strata are interleaved with sedimentary layers, varying in thickness between and consisting of limestone and certain other types of sedimentary rock. The Karaca Cave formed in one of these layers of highly fissured, massive limestone sandwiched between volcanics.
Karaca Cave is rich in dripstone formations of many different shapes and colours, including stalactites, stalagmites, and travertines. There are also many cave roses located on certain of the travertines and stalagmites.
Some of the dripstone pools are very large - particularly those in the inner parts of the cave, which range up to in depth.
The travertines vary in colour from white to dark blue, revealing the presence of high levels of iron and magnesium minerals in the cave waters.
The cave system is disposed more or less in a level plane and consists of four interconnected caverns. Two of these caverns are further subdivided by 'walls' composed of dripstone, and it could thus be argued that Karaca comprises not four but six chambers.
The height of the cave entrance is about - the height of an average man - but, as one moves deeper into the interior increases steadily, the cave opening out into a funnel shape. The cave is roughly in length, averages in height and has a total floor area of .
There is no stream in Karaca, water percolating through fissures in the roof of the cave being responsible for the formation of the dripstones. Such water as persists within the cave is in the form of various ponds and pools. The ponds at the entrance of the third and fourth caverns contain a considerable volume of water.
There is no |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Crandall | Richard E. Crandall (December 29, 1947 – December 20, 2012) was an American physicist and computer scientist who made contributions to computational number theory.
Background
Crandall was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, and spent two years at Caltech before transferring to Reed College in Portland, Oregon, where he graduated in physics and wrote his undergraduate thesis on randomness. He earned his Ph.D in theoretical physics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Career
In 1978, he became a physics professor at Reed College, where he taught courses in experimental physics and computational physics for many years, ultimately becoming Vollum Professor of Science and director of the Center for Advanced Computation. He was also, at various times, Chief Scientist at NeXT, Inc., Chief Cryptographer and Distinguished Scientist at Apple, and head of Apple's Advanced Computation Group.
He was a pioneer in experimental mathematics. He developed the irrational base discrete weighted transform, a method of finding very large primes. He wrote several books and many scholarly papers on scientific programming and computation.
Crandall was awarded numerous patents for his work in the field of cryptography and wrote a poker program that could bluff. He also owned and operated PSI Press, an online publishing company.
Personal life
Crandall was part Cherokee and proud of his Native heritage. He fronted a band called the Chameleons in 1981. He was working on an intellectual biography of Steve Jobs when he collapsed at his home in Portland, Oregon, from acute leukemia. He died 10 days later, on December 20, 2012, at the age of 64.
Books
Pascal Applications for the Sciences. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1983.
with M. M. Colgrove: Scientific Programming with Macintosh Pascal. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1986.
Mathematica for the Sciences, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Mass, 1991.
Projects in Scientific Computation. Springer 1994.
Topics in Advanced Scientific Computation. Springer 1996.
with M. Levich: A Network Orange. Springer 1997.
with C. Pomerance: Prime numbers: A Computational Perspective.'' Springer 2001.
References
External links
Professor Richard E. Crandall; many of Crandall's papers can be found here
Nicholas Wheeler, Remembering Prof. Crandall
Stephen Wolfram, Remembering Richard Crandall (1947-2012)
David Bailey and Jonathan Borwein, Mathematician/physicist/inventor Richard Crandall dies at 64
David Broadhurst, A prime puzzle in honor of Richard Crandall
1947 births
2012 deaths
Scientists from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Scientists from Portland, Oregon
20th-century American inventors
21st-century American inventors
American atheists
American computer scientists
Apple Inc. employees
Computational physicists
Deaths from cancer in Oregon
Deaths from acute leukemia
Reed College faculty
Reed College alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian%20adaptation | Gaussian adaptation (GA), also called normal or natural adaptation (NA) is an evolutionary algorithm designed for the maximization of manufacturing yield due to statistical deviation of component values of signal processing systems. In short, GA is a stochastic adaptive process where a number of samples of an n-dimensional vector x[xT = (x1, x2, ..., xn)] are taken from a multivariate Gaussian distribution, N(m, M), having mean m and moment matrix M. The samples are tested for fail or pass. The first- and second-order moments of the Gaussian restricted to the pass samples are m* and M*.
The outcome of x as a pass sample is determined by a function s(x), 0 < s(x) < q ≤ 1, such that s(x) is the probability that x will be selected as a pass sample. The average probability of finding pass samples (yield) is
Then the theorem of GA states:
For any s(x) and for any value of P < q, there always exist a Gaussian p. d. f. [ probability density function ] that is adapted for maximum dispersion. The necessary conditions for a local optimum are m = m* and M proportional to M*. The dual problem is also solved: P is maximized while keeping the dispersion constant (Kjellström, 1991).
Proofs of the theorem may be found in the papers by Kjellström, 1970, and Kjellström & Taxén, 1981.
Since dispersion is defined as the exponential of entropy/disorder/average information it immediately follows that the theorem is valid also for those concepts. Altogether, this means that Gaussian adaptation may carry out a simultaneous maximisation of yield and average information (without any need for the yield or the average information to be defined as criterion functions).
The theorem is valid for all regions of acceptability and all Gaussian distributions. It may be used by cyclic repetition of random variation and selection (like the natural evolution). In every cycle a sufficiently large number of Gaussian distributed points are sampled and tested for membership in the region of acceptability. The centre of gravity of the Gaussian, m, is then moved to the centre of gravity of the approved (selected) points, m*. Thus, the process converges to a state of equilibrium fulfilling the theorem. A solution is always approximate because the centre of gravity is always determined for a limited number of points.
It was used for the first time in 1969 as a pure optimization algorithm making the regions of acceptability smaller and smaller (in analogy to simulated annealing, Kirkpatrick 1983). Since 1970 it has been used for both ordinary optimization and yield maximization.
Natural evolution and Gaussian adaptation
It has also been compared to the natural evolution of populations of living organisms. In this case s(x) is the probability that the individual having an array x of phenotypes will survive by giving offspring to the next generation; a definition of individual fitness given by Hartl 1981. The yield, P, is replaced by the mean fitness determined as a mean over the set of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centella | Centella is a genus of 53 species of flowering plants in the subfamily Mackinlayoideae. The genus is sometimes placed in family Araliaceae; however, recent studies utilising molecular data place Centella within Apiaceae.
Species
Centella abbreviata (A. Rich.) Nannf.
Centella affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Centella annua M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Centella brachycarpa M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella caespitosa Adamson
Centella calcaria M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella callioda (Cham. & Schltdl.) Drude
Centella capensis (L.) Domin
Centella cochlearia (Domin) Adamson
Centella comptonii Adamson
Centella cordifolia (Hook.f.) Nannf.
Centella coriacea Nannf.
Centella cryptocarpa M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella debilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Drude
Centella dentata Adamson
Centella didymocarpa Adamson
Centella difformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Centella dolichocarpa M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella erecta (L.f.) Fernald
Centella eriantha (A.Rich.) Drude
Centella flexuosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Drude
Centella fourcadei Adamson
Centella fusca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Centella glabrata L.
Centella glauca M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella graminifolia Adamson
Centella gymnocarpa M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella laevis Adamson
Centella lanata Compton
Centella lasiophylla Adamson
Centella linifolia (L.f.) Drude
Centella linifolia var. depressa Adamson
Centella longifolia (Adamson) M.T.R.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella macrocarpa (A.Rich.) Adamson
Centella macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
Centella montana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Domin
Centella obtriangularis Cannon
Centella pilosa M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella pottebergensis Adamson
Centella recticarpa Adamson
Centella restioides Adamson
Centella rupestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Centella scabra Adamson
Centella sessilis Adamson
Centella stenophylla Adamson
Centella stipitata Adamson
Centella ternata M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella thesioides M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella tridentata (L.f.) Drude ex Domin
Centella tridentata var. dregeana (Sond.) M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella tridentata var. hermaniifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella tridentata var. litoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella triloba (Thunb.) Drude
Centella umbellata M.Schub. & B.-E.van Wyk
Centella villosa L.
Centella villosa var. latifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Centella virgata (L.f.) Drude
References
Mackinlayoideae
Apiaceae genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-%5C | In computing, control-\ is a control character in ASCII code and the Basic Latin code block of Unicode, also known as the file separator or field separator (FS) character. It is generated by pressing the key while holding down the key on a computer keyboard, and has the decimal value 28 (or 1c in hexadecimal). It is the highest-level of the four separators in the ASCII C0 and C1 control codes; the others are control-] (group separator), control-^ (record separator), and control-_ (unit separator). It was one of eight codes reserved as separators in the 1963 version of the ASCII standard; these were reduced to four separators in a 1965 revision of the standard.
In its use as a file separator, this character can be used to subdivide textual data into records or other semantic units; for instance, it has this role in the ANSI/NIST-ITL Standard Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial & Other Biometric Information.
Under most UNIX-based operating systems control-\ is used to terminate a running process from a command shell and have it produce a memory core dump by sending it a SIGQUIT signal. Other similar ways of terminating or interrupting a shell process include Control-C, Control-Z, and the kill command.
As a character that can be easily typed on most keyboards, but with no standardized meaning, control-\ is often used as a keyboard shortcut in different graphical user interfaces, with various unrelated effects. For instance, some versions of Windows File Manager use it to de-select all selected files. In Adobe InDesign, it has been used to mark a point in a line of text as the starting position of a hanging indent.
References
Computer keys |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investor%20Network%20on%20Climate%20Risk | The Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR) is a nonprofit organization of investors and financial institutions that promotes better understanding of the financial risks and investment opportunities posed by climate change. INCR is coordinated by Ceres, a coalition of investors and environmental groups working to advance sustainable prosperity.
History
The Investor Network on Climate Risk (INCR) was launched at the first Institutional Investor Summit on Climate Risk at the United Nations in November 2003. INCR's membership consists of more than 200 investors managing nearly $38 trillion in assets. Members include asset managers, state and city treasurers and comptrollers, public and labor pension funds, foundations, and other institutional investors. INCR leverages the collective power of these investors to promote improved investment practices, policies, disclosure and corporate governance practices on the business risks and opportunities posed by climate change.
Accomplishments
Convened 500 investors, Wall Street and corporate leaders from around the world at the United Nations headquarters in 2008 for the third Investor Summit on Climate Risk. The Summit explored the scale and urgency of climate change risks, as well as the economic opportunities of a global transition to a clean energy future.
Launched a 9-point Action Plan, endorsed by nearly 50 leading U.S. and European investors, which calls for a series of specific steps by investors to address the growing risks and opportunities from climate change. The nine goals include policy actions aimed at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Congress, engagement with companies to improve their disclosure and responses to climate change, minimizing climate investment risks and maximizing climate-related investment opportunities.
INCR members have invested over $1.2 billion of their assets in renewable energy and other clean technology ventures in just 18 months. The investments cover such technologies as hydrogen fuel cells, ethanol, geothermal facilities and advanced materials.
Persuaded more than two dozen Fortune 500 companies to improve their climate policies, practices and disclosure, including leading oil, auto and insurance companies.
Published research reports to help investors better understand the implications of global warming. Among those: A March 2008 toolkit, “Managing the Risks and Opportunities of Climate Change: A Practical Toolkit for Investors”; an August 2006 report, From Risk to Opportunity: How Insurers Can Proactively and Profitably Manage Climate Change; and a March 2006 report, Corporate Governance and Climate Change: Making the Connection, which analyzed how 100 of the world's largest companies are addressing the business challenges of climate change.
Established the Global Framework for Climate Risk Disclosure, a standardized set of guidelines for improving corporate disclosure on the risks and opportunities for climate change. The framework was |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlisle%20Adams | Carlisle M. Adams is a Canadian cryptographer and computer security researcher. Formerly senior cryptographer at Entrust, he is currently a professor at the University of Ottawa. His notable work includes the design (with Stafford Tavares) of the block ciphers CAST-128 and CAST-256, whose S-boxes are based on the non-linear properties of bent functions. He also helped organize the first Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) workshop in 1994. He is also the security advisor of the Ottawa-based electronic signature company Signority.
References
External links
Carlisle Adams's page at uOttawa
Living people
Modern cryptographers
Public-key cryptographers
Canadian computer scientists
Computer security academics
Academic staff of the University of Ottawa
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure%20Time | Adventure Time is an American fantasy animated television series created by Pendleton Ward and produced by Frederator Studios for Cartoon Network. The series follows the adventures of a boy named Finn (Jeremy Shada) and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake (John DiMaggio)a dog with the magical power to change size and shape at will. Finn and Jake live in the post-apocalyptic Land of Ooo, where they interact with Princess Bubblegum (Hynden Walch), the Ice King (Tom Kenny), Marceline (Olivia Olson), BMO (Niki Yang), and others. The series is based on a 2007 short film that aired on Nicktoons. After the short became a viral hit on the Internet, Nickelodeon's executives passed on its option before Cartoon Network commissioned a full-length series from Fred Seibert and Ward, which was previewed on March 11, 2010. The same year, the series premiered on Cartoon Network on April 5, and it ended its eight-year run on September 3, 2018.
The series drew inspiration from a variety of sources, including the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons and video games. It was produced using hand-drawn animation; action and dialogue for episodes are decided by storyboarding artists based on rough outlines. Because each episode took roughly eight to nine months to complete, multiple episodes were worked on concurrently. The cast members recorded their lines in group recordings, and the series regularly employed guest actors for minor and recurring characters. Each episode runs for about eleven minutes; pairs of episodes are often telecast to fill half-hour program slots. Cartoon Network announced on September 29, 2016, that the series would conclude in 2018, after the airing of its tenth season. The series finale aired on September 3, 2018, which was followed by the Adventure Time: Distant Lands specials and the Adventure Time: Fionna and Cake spin-off, which were released on Max.
Adventure Time was a ratings success for Cartoon Network, with some of its episodes attracting over three million viewers, and despite being aimed primarily at children, the show has developed a following among teenagers and adults. Adventure Time has received universal acclaim from critics, with much praise geared towards its originality and worldbuilding. The show won eight Primetime Emmy Awards, a Peabody Award, three Annie Awards, two British Academy Children's Awards, a Motion Picture Sound Editors Award, and a Kerrang! Award. The series has also been nominated for three Critics' Choice Television Awards, two Annecy Festival Awards, a TCA Award, and a Sundance Film Festival Award, among others. Of the many comic book spin-offs based on the series, one received an Eisner Award and two Harvey Awards. The series has also spawned various forms of licensed merchandise, including books, video games and clothing.
Premise
Adventure Time follows the adventures of a boy named Finn the Human (voiced by Jeremy Shada), and his best friend and adoptive brother Jake the Dog (John DiMag |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20C.S.%20Lui | John Chi-Shing Lui is a Hong Kong computer scientist. He was the chairman of the Department of Computer Science & Engineering in the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He received his Ph.D. in computer science from UCLA. When he was a Ph.D. student at UCLA, he spent a summer working in IBM's Thomas J. Watson Research Center. After his graduation, he joined the IBM Almaden Research Laboratory/San Jose Laboratory and participated in various research and development projects on file systems and parallel I/O architectures. He later joined the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. For the past several summers, he has been a visiting professor in computer science departments at UCLA, Columbia University, University of Maryland at College Park, Purdue University, University of Massachusetts Amherst and Universita' degli Studi di Torino in Italy.
He actively runs INFOCOM events and service work. He is leading a group of research students in the Advanced Networking & System Research Group. His research interests include theory and mathematics. His current research interests are in theoretical topics in data networks, distributed multimedia systems, network security, OS design issues and mathematical optimization and performance evaluation theory. Lui received various departmental teaching awards and the CUHK Vice-Chancellor's Exemplary Teaching Award in 2001. He is a co-recipient of the IFIP WG 7.3 Performance 2005 Best Student Paper Award. Currently, he is an associate editor in the Performance Evaluation Journal, Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery (2009), Fellow of IEEE (2010), and an elected member in the IFIP WG 7.3. Lui was the TPC co-chair of ACM Sigmetrics 2005, and is on the board of directors in ACM Sigmetrics. Lui is the general co-chair of the International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP) 2006. His personal interests include films and general reading.
References
External links
John C.S. Lui, CUHK, CS
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Senior Members of the IEEE
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
University of California, Los Angeles alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSN2 | TSN2 is a Canadian English-language discretionary sports specialty channel that acts as the secondary feed of sports-centred channel The Sports Network (TSN) and owned by CTV Specialty Television Inc. It was launched in its current form on August 29, 2008.
Following TSN's August 2014 expansion of its service into a regional sports network, TSN2 served primarily as a secondary outlet for national programming, but added regional programming in 2017.
History
The Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) had approved a separate TSN2 channel in 2000, but was never launched due to a prohibition on live programming. The authority for this channel expired in 2004 and was never re-applied for, so the present TSN2 is not directly connected to the 2000 licence.
TSN2 operates under the same CRTC licence for TSN as a whole, but initially operated under the legal fiction that it was a timeshift channel of TSN for Western Canada. This meant that the majority of programming must have been tape delayed from TSN's main feed, but it could still air a limited amount of alternative programming. With the early 2010 implementation of new conditions of licence from the CRTC which permit multiple feeds with no limits on additional programming, the tape delay is no longer observed, and the channel operates with an autonomous schedule.
TSN alternate feed
TSN first launched what it then called its "alternate feed" in 1997 as a result of occasional regional blackouts for TSN programming in some areas. In its original iteration, the alternate feed could only air on analogue cable in specific areas, replacing the national service, though it was offered in parallel with the main feed on national satellite providers. Alternate programming could make up a maximum of 10% of the TSN schedule—an average of 2.4 hours a day.
In fall 2006, the CRTC allowed TSN to air multiple feeds nationally, with the alternate feed only available on digital platforms, as had previously been permitted for Sportsnet's regional feeds. In essence, this meant that for digital cable and satellite subscribers, TSN now had two channels on which to air programming. The broadcaster's use of the alternate feed changed significantly following this decision, as the alternate feed began to carry a much larger number of live events that could be aired nationally when the main feed was carrying another ongoing event.
Launch of TSN2
On August 6, 2008, The Globe and Mail announced that the TSN alternate feed would be replaced by a new network known as TSN2. The new channel promised "major league programming" throughout the day, and would have extensive coverage of auto racing and tennis. Unlike the existing TSN alternate feed, which was available free of charge, service providers (and potentially, in turn, consumers) would be required to pay extra in order to carry TSN2, and the alternate feed was discontinued in August 2008. Unlike the alternate feed, TSN2 would also be available in hi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20Application%20Specification%20Language | The DASL Programming Language (Distributed Application Specification Language) is a high-level, strongly typed programming language originally developed at Sun Microsystems Laboratories between 1999 and 2003 as part of the Ace Project. The goals of the project were to enable rapid development of web-based applications based on Sun's J2EE architecture, and to eliminate the steep learning curve of platform-specific details.
DASL defines an application as a domain model with one or more logical presentation models, where a logical presentation model consists of a choreography of the domain model objects described in a set of forms with attached actions. DASL generates the graphical user interface directly from the logical presentation.
DASL is unique among modern application programming languages in its ability to generate a modern graphic user interface for an application without requiring the programmer to define the user interface explicitly, while allowing the programmer to control the look and feel of the generated graphic user interface.
The DASL language is partially declarative and partially procedural. Description of object/data structures and persistence, and the description of the logical presentation, are declarative. Basic object constraints and behavior are declarative, while additional object behaviors are specified procedurally as methods. Queries can be defined either declaratively or by writing methods.
The language and development environment are a practical realization of the model-driven architecture (MDA) approach. The programmer uses DASL to produce the platform-independent model or PIM, and the language code generators automatically produce and deploy the platform-specific model or PSM. New PSMs may be introduced by writing new code generators.
Benefits of the approach
A key benefit of the DASL language approach over 3rd generation (3GL) programming languages is that enterprise applications can be specified in a very concise and precise way that expresses the application logic clearly. A small enterprise application in DASL can typically be implemented in 8-10K lines of DASL code, which the DASL compiler then typically translates into 200K lines of Java, XML, SQL, and other implementation artifacts. The 200K line figure is typical of equivalent applications written using 3GLs.
The conciseness of DASL can be seen also in terms of the content of the two representations (DASL vs. the generated application code in Java/XML/SQL etc.). Most of the DASL code describes business logic and business processes specific to the application, independent of the deployment middleware, frameworks, and presentation mechanisms. This core business logic typically represents only 2-5% of the generated application code. Thus, writing, understanding, and maintaining the application code is much easier at the DASL level than it is at the level of the generated code, in which the business logic is scattered within various implementation art |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Nickelodeon%20original%20films | A number of television films and long-form special episodes of original television shows have been produced for broadcast on American children's cable network Nickelodeon since 1998 and have been broadcast under the banner "Nickelodeon Original Movie".
1990s
Doom Runners (April 25, 1998)
2000s
2000
Cry Baby Lane (October 28, 2000)
2001
As Told by Ginger: Summer of Camp Caprice (July 7, 2001)
The Wild Thornberrys: The Origin of Donnie (August 18, 2001)
2002
Rocket Power: Race Across New Zealand (February 16, 2002)
2003
The Electric Piper (February 2, 2003)
Maniac Magee (February 23, 2003)
The Fairly OddParents: Abra-Catastrophe! (July 12, 2003)
Rocket Power: Reggie's Big (Beach) Break (July 19, 2003)
As Told by Ginger: Far from Home (August 9, 2003)
2004
The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour (May 7, 2004)
The Adventures of Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius: Win, Lose, and Kaboom (July 9, 2004)
Rocket Power: Island of the Menehune (July 16, 2004)
The Fairly OddParents: Channel Chasers (July 23, 2004)
2006
Drake & Josh Go Hollywood (January 6, 2006)
The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour 2: When Nerds Collide (January 16, 2006)
The Jimmy Timmy Power Hour 3: The Jerkinators (July 21, 2006)
2007
The Naked Brothers Band: The Movie (January 27, 2007)
Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide: Field Trips, Permission Slips, Signs and Weasels (June 8, 2007)
Shredderman Rules (June 9, 2007)
The Last Day of Summer (July 20, 2007)
Drake & Josh: Really Big Shrimp (August 3, 2007)
Roxy Hunter and the Mystery of the Moody Ghost (October 30, 2007)
2008
Roxy Hunter and the Secret of the Shaman (February 1, 2008)
The Fairly OddParents: Fairly OddBaby (February 18, 2008)
The Naked Brothers Band: Polar Bears (June 6, 2008)
Roxy Hunter and the Myth of the Mermaid (July 13, 2008)
Sozin's Comet: The Final Battle (July 19, 2008)
Gym Teacher: The Movie (September 12, 2008)
Roxy Hunter and the Horrific Halloween (October 31, 2008)
iCarly: iGo to Japan (November 8, 2008)
Merry Christmas, Drake & Josh (December 5, 2008)
2009
Spectacular! (February 16, 2009)
Mr. Troop Mom (June 19, 2009)
2010s
2010
School Gyrls (February 21, 2010)
Fred: The Movie (September 18, 2010)
The Boy Who Cried Werewolf (October 23, 2010)
A Very School Gyrls Holla-Day (December 4, 2010)
2011
Best Player (March 12, 2011)
iParty with Victorious (June 11, 2011)
A Fairly Odd Movie: Grow Up, Timmy Turner! (July 9, 2011)
Fred 2: Night of the Living Fred (October 22, 2011)
2012
Big Time Movie (March 10, 2012)
Winx Club: The Secret of the Lost Kingdom (March 11, 2012)
Rags (May 28, 2012)
Fred 3: Camp Fred (July 28, 2012)
A Fairly Odd Christmas (November 29, 2012)
2013
Winx Club 3D: Magical Adventure (May 20, 2013)
Nicky Deuce (May 27, 2013)
House of Anubis: Touchstone of Ra (U.S.: June 17, 2013/UK: June 14, 2013)
Swindle (August 24, 2013)
Jinxed (November 29, 2013)
2014
Terry the Tomboy (June 21, 2014)
A Fairly Odd Summer (August 2, 2014)
Santa Hunters (Novem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20diplomatic%20missions%20of%20Sweden | The Kingdom of Sweden has a moderately sized diplomatic network of 78 embassies and 7 consulates general, supplemented by honorary consulates, cultural centres and trade missions. In countries without Swedish representation, Swedish citizens can seek assistance from public officials in the foreign services of any of the other Nordic countries, in accordance with the Helsinki Treaty.
Of note Sweden was the first Western country to have an embassy in Pyongyang. The embassy in Pyongyang continues to provide limited consular services to citizens of several Western countries without a presence in North Korea and acts as the consular protecting power of the United States, Canada, and Australia since 1995.
History
In January 2010, the Swedish Foreign Ministry announced that its embassies in Bratislava (Slovakia), Dakar (Senegal), Dublin (Ireland), Ljubljana (Slovenia), Luxembourg (Luxembourg), and Sofia (Bulgaria) would be closed down, while existing section offices in Pristina, Tbilisi, Chisinau, Tirana, Bamako, Ouagadougou, Monrovia, Kigali, La Paz, and Phnom Penh would be upgraded to embassies.
In December 2010, it was announced by the Swedish Foreign Ministry that an additional five embassies would close down; the embassies affected were the ones in Brussels, Belgium, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Hanoi, Vietnam, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Luanda, Angola.
In August 2011, an agreement between the Social Democrats and the governing Reinfeldt Cabinet was announced, with the purpose of keeping the Swedish embassies in Argentina, Vietnam, Malaysia and Angola open.
On August 30, 2012, Sweden closed its embassy in Minsk, with the Estonian Embassy charged with representing Swedish interests in Belarus.
On November 2, 2016, the Swedish Embassy was re-opened in Lima, Peru. Six days later, on November 8, the Swedish Embassy in Manila, Philippines, was re-opened, eight years after it was closed down.
In November 2021 the Swedish government announced that it would re-open embassies in Dublin and Brussels, and open a consulate-general in San Francisco. In November 2022, the embassy in Luanda closed and in the same year the embassy in Lima, which had reopened in 2016, also closed.
Present missions
Africa
Americas
Asia
Europe
Oceania
Multilateral organizations
Closed missions
Africa
Gaborone (Embassy) – closed in 2008
Bissau (Embassy) – closed in 2000
Abidjan (Embassy) – closed in 2007
Maseru (Embassy) – closed in 1993
Tripoli (Embassy) – closed in 1995
Windhoek (Embassy) – closed in 2008
Dakar (Embassy) – closed in 2010
Americas
Quito (Embassy) – closed in 1992
Lima (Embassy) – closed in 2022
Managua (Embassy) – closed in 2008
Los Angeles (Consulate-General) – closed in 2009
Montevideo (Embassy) – closed in 1993
Caracas (Embassy) – closed in 2000
Asia
Phnom Penh (Embassy) – closed in 2021
Guangzhou (Consulate-General) – closed in 2009
Baghdad (Embassy) – closed in 2023
Kuwait City (Embassy) – closed in 2001
Vienti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inshan%20Ishmael | Inshan Ishmael came into the public eye with his launching of an Islamic television station in Trinidad and Tobago, the Islamic Broadcast Network, where he hosted a popular talk show, “Breaking Barriers” and for his historic court action against the state for using the Trinity Cross as the nation’s highest award. In January 2007 he again received national attention when he was arrested under the Anti-Terro.
Trinity Cross issue
In June 2005, High Court Action 2065 of 2004 was heard before Justice Peter Jamadar in the San Fernando High Court. This was a constitutional motion filed by Satnarayan Maharaj, secretary general of the Sanatan Dharma Maha Sabha, and Inshan Ishmael. The applicants in the case had challenged the constitutionality of the Trinity Cross on the grounds that its continued existence and award were in breach of the applicants’ fundamental rights as guaranteed by certain Sections of the Constitution. The lawyer for the applicants argued that the State kept the Trinity Cross, knowing that “non-Christians are unable and unwilling to accept (it) because it is perceived to be and/or in fact is a Christian symbol.” The result is an experience of disparate treatment, or unfair discrimination, for “many deserving non-Christian citizens who... will never be rewarded by the State and country.”
In May 2006, Justice Peter Jamadar ruled that "the Trinity Cross - the nation’s highest award - is strictly a Christian symbol, and as a result, it discriminates in a multi-religious society." “In my opinion, leaving aside the savings clause argument for the moment, the respondent has shown no accommodation whatsoever to ameliorate the indirect adverse discriminating effects of the award of the Trinity Cross on the applicants as Hindus and Muslims and as corporate citizens representing Hindus and Muslims in T&T.” Although he found it to be discriminatory, he said that it does not mean that the court can strike it down. As it was protected by the 1976 constitution, it is a matter for the Parliament to change.
Arrest and allegation of civil rights violations
At the beginning of January 2007, Ishmael called for private owned businesses to close for two days across the nation, to bring media attention to the spiraling crime situation. He called for the 25 and 26 January to be the days of the shutdown, and for an anti-crime rally to be held on Saturday 27 January. Thousands of flyers/pamphlets advertising the shutdown and rally were distributed throughout the country.
Permission was given on 16 January, by the San Juan/Laventille Regional Corporation, for the planned anti-crime rally at the Aranguez Savannah. On January 23 the Regional Corporation, controlled by the ruling People's National Movement party, revoked permission for the use of the savannah.
On the 22nd, Police Commissioner Trevor Paul claimed that members of the business community contacted him expressing anxiety about Ishmael’s call. Based on four complaints, the contents of which are y |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Howell | Wayne Howell Chappelle (February 16, 1921 – July 8, 1993) was a voice-over announcer for the NBC television and radio networks from 1947 through 1986. He was born in Lexington, Kentucky, and became one member of a core group of New York-based announcers including Don Pardo, Bill Wendell, Jerry Damon, Arthur Gary, Vic Roby, Mel Brandt, Gene Hamilton, and Howard Reig who handled not only introducing and closing programs, but also teasers and promotions for the network's shows.
Howell's radio announcing credits included The Martin and Lewis Show, a 1950s version of The Chamber Music Society of Lower Basin Street, The NBC Radio Theatre, and Monitor. Among the television programs he announced on were Broadway Open House, Music Bingo, Dotto, Say When!!, Match Game, Concentration, Missing Links and Jackpot!. From 1966 to 1985, he was announcer for the Miss America Pageant. Howell presumably provided voice-overs for numerous other NBC programs during his tenure, often as a substitute for the show's regular announcer. From 1980-1982 he introduced NBC's regional college basketball opening: "NBC Sports in association with TVS presents the best college basketball... on the [various conference] game of the week."
Among his many assignments for NBC, Howell also appeared regularly as a personality on NBC's New York flagship radio station, WNBC (AM), from the 1940s through the mid-1960s. He also was the last voice on WNWS, an all-news station that ran on NBC's FM owned-and-operated station in 1976, before the station switched to an adult contemporary format.
Wayne Howell remained with NBC as a full-time staff announcer, at a time when the position was being phased out. The broadcasting networks wanted to have their announcers pre-record their remarks so the tapes could be used repeatedly, replacing the announcers in person. The move was resisted by the AFTRA union, and was finally resolved when the union consented to pre-recording but insisted that all incumbent staff announcers must be guaranteed lifetime jobs. Thus Wayne Howell retired from NBC at age 65.
From 1974 through 1982 Howell was married to Donna Marie Gillin, a New York City socialite. They lived in midtown Manhattan until 1982. They were divorced in 1983. He is the maternal step-grandfather of stuntman, comedian and actor Steve-O.
Following his retirement from NBC, Howell moved to Broward County, Florida. He died in Pompano Beach, at age 72.
References
External links
Wayne Howell radio credits
Game show announcers
American radio personalities
American television personalities
American male voice actors
1921 births
1993 deaths
Radio and television announcers
NBC network announcers
20th-century American male actors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moji%20%28TV%20network%29 | Moji, stylized as mOȷı, previously known as O Channel, is an Indonesian free-to-air television network founded by Elang Mahkota Teknologi and MRA Media. MRA Media sold its stake in O Channel on 2007. Initially broadcasts as a local station in Jakarta, it broadcasts from 24 hours, 7 days a week.
Moji become an official broadcaster of 2022 FIFA World Cup, along with SCTV, Indosiar and Mentari TV. In early August 2022, initial signs of rebranding began to appear when a promo for Indosiar's coverage World Cup featured the branding of the new channel. On 14 August 2022, O Channel's social media accounts began sending farewell messages, further intensifying the rebrand rumours. On 20 August 2022, O Channel replaced their digital on-screen graphic with an #OCPamit countdown, with the rebranding taking effect on the midnight of 21 August.
The channel content consist of live sports, including selections of Premier League matches, and entertainment shows (which featured Vidio original series), that was targeted for millennials.
Presenters
Beverly Gunawan (former SCTV anchor)
Ahmad Rusydi Maulana
Dana Paramita Notodirdjo (also an news anchor and reporter at SCTV)
Annura Biometa
Shahnaz Aprilia
Eduard Vidyadi
Hannisa Sandi
Verta Arlinsa
Overseas broadcasting
Moji is available as a free-to-air channel in Malaysia and Singapore based in Johor Bahru and Singapore by free-to-air terrestrial antenna. Moji is the only Indonesian free-to-air TV channel to broadcast free-to-air outside Indonesia.
References
External links
Companies based in Jakarta
Sports television in Indonesia
Television networks in Indonesia
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Mass media in Jakarta
Elang Mahkota Teknologi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiaran%20Utara%2C%20Putrajaya | Persiaran Utara is a major highway in Putrajaya, Malaysia. It connects Putrajaya-Cyberjaya Expressway interchange in the west to Putra Interchange of the South Klang Valley Expressway in the north.
Lists of interchanges
Highways in Malaysia
Highways in Putrajaya
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persiaran%20Selatan%2C%20Putrajaya | Persiaran Selatan is a major highway in Putrajaya, Malaysia. It connects Cyberjaya South Interchange in the west to Lebuh Wadi Ehsan interchange in the east.
Lists of interchanges
Highways in Malaysia
Highways in Putrajaya
References |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20Media%20Group | Prime Media Group Limited (formerly Prime Television Limited) was an Australian-based media corporation that formerly owned regional television network Prime7 in eastern Australia and GWN7 in regional Western Australia. It also owned ishop TV, a datacasting channel, co-owned by Brand Developers and two joint ventures with the WIN Corporation, Mildura Digital Television, and West Digital Television.
Prime Media Group head office and Australian Securities Exchange registered office was located in Watson, Canberra. A secondary corporate office was located at Jones Bay Wharf, Pyrmont, Sydney (which was also the Seven Network's head office).
Prime7 had sales offices located in each regional sub-market. There were also national regional sales offices at the Seven Network's metropolitan offices/studios in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide and Perth.
Prime7's national broadcast facility was located in Canberra, with playout facilities (as of 2021) shared with hybrid-funded broadcaster SBS Television at a facility operated by Telstra.
Prime Media Group Limited was renamed PRT Company Limited on 3 January 2022.
History
Foundation of Prime
Prime Television began life in 1970, when mineral explorer Altarama Minerals was incorporated and listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. Following its movement into the automotive industry, the business changed its name to Altarama in 1973.
Paul Ramsay gained control of Altarama in 1985, subsequently renaming it once again to Ramcorp. As part of a diversification into television, advertising, and healthcare, Ramcorp appointed Allan Hoy as founding media CEO who spearheaded the purchase of regional television stations RVN-2 Wagga Wagga, AMV-4 Albury, CWN-6 Dubbo, CBN-8 Orange, ECN-8 Taree and NEN-9 Tamworth in 1987. Soon after, the stations began to be known collectively as the Prime Television Network. In August 1991 Ramcorp was renamed Prime Television.
Aggregation and expansion
In the lead-up to television aggregation, Ramcorp signed a 10-year programming affiliation agreement with the Seven Network – the start of a close relationship between the two networks. In 1991 the business changed its name to Prime Television Limited, reflecting its new nature as a television broadcaster in regional Victoria and New South Wales.
Throughout the early 1990s, Ramcorp had incurred significant debts as a result of loans taken out throughout the 1980s in order to expand the company – Ramcorp's healthcare and media interests in Australia and the United States failed to turn a profit, resulting in falling share prices for the business. By 1993, Prime Television made a $7.4 million profit following accumulated losses of $47 million between 1989 and 1991, as well as a further $200 million expanding Prime Television's audience reach to 17 per cent, as part of aggregation.
Prime expanded into Western Australia when it purchased the Golden West Network from Seven Network owner Kerry Stokes in 1996. At the time, GWN was t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outblaze | Outblaze is a technology company that develops and provides digital media products and services including smartphone games and other apps, social media applications, computer and video games, online transaction systems, and web communication software. Although it started out as an application service provider of hosted Web applications, the company gradually transitioned to the video game industry. In 2009 Outblaze sold its messaging business unit in order to focus primarily on digital entertainment.
History
Outblaze was founded in 1998 in Hong Kong and received considerable media attention around the time of the dot-com bubble. At the peak of its activity in the messaging sector, Outblaze was reported to provide services to over 75 million users around the world, with 40 million email accounts operated by Outblaze plus at least 35 million protected by Outblaze's anti-spam solution. In 2009 Outblaze sold its messaging assets to IBM, which incorporated them in LotusLive. Since then Outblaze has focused its attention on video and online gaming, smartphone apps, and social network applications.
Products
Outblaze's various smartphone game apps have been downloaded about 30 million times for iOS and Android devices as of September 2011.
Advocacy
Outblaze has engaged in a number of policy discussions, primarily via consultation and position papers authored by Outblaze executives.
In 2004 the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) asked Outblaze Head of Anti-Spam Operations Suresh Ramasubramanian to assist the OECD task force on spam. The result was the 25 May 2005 report Spam Issues in Developing Countries, which alerted governments and organizations to the specific dangers that spam poses to countries with underdeveloped Internet infrastructure. Suresh has further written a paper on botnet mitigation for the ITU.
The Office of the Telecom Authority (OFTA) of Hong Kong put out a consultation paper in June 2004 requesting comments on Proposals to contain the problem of unsolicited electronic messages. The Outblaze response encouraged the government to adopt a range of measures to effectively combat spam, among them: opt-in standards, prompt removal of spammers and hacked or insecure systems, adoption of authenticated email schemes, unequivocal anti-spam legislation, rapid response times at ISPs, and diffusion of better email marketing management techniques. The response was approved and endorsed by the Asia-Pacific chapter of the Coalition Against Unsolicited Commercial Email (CAUCE).
See also
SURBL
References and footnotes
External links
Hoovers on Outblaze
Pretty Pet series Web site
Dream Cortex Web site
Online companies of China
Entertainment companies of Hong Kong
Companies established in 1998
IBM acquisitions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Eclipse%20Modeling%20Framework%20based%20software | This is a list about tools using the Eclipse Modeling Framework.
List of tools internally available from the Eclipse platform
Connected Data Objects (CDO): A free implementation of a Distributed Shared Model on top of EMF
ATL: A QVT-like language functioning with Eclipse/EMF, together with a library of model transformations. ATL is the current Eclipse M2M solution.
Bonita Open Solution: A Business Process Management solution which contains a studio based on EMF and GMF to edit BPMN diagrams.
Borland Together: A Java and UML modeling IDE with QVT integration.
KM3: A metamodeling language; Metamodels written in KM3 may be automatically converted in a number of other metameta models.
Acceleo: A code generator implementing the OMG MOFM2T specification.
VIATRA2: A graph-based transformation language.
GEMS: A bridge between Generic Modeling Environment (GME) and the Eclipse Modeling Project (EMP).
Xtext: A framework for the development of domain-specific languages and other textual programming languages.
Sirius: Technology for creating custom graphical modeling workbenches by leveraging the Eclipse Modeling technologies, including EMF and GMF.
List of tools that may use Eclipse EMF but are available on private source-forges or others development repositories
SmartQVT: An open source implementation of the QVT-Operational language. This tool compiles QVT transformations into EMF-based Java programs.
Kermeta: A multi-purpose tool made by IRISA and based on EMF for model development, model constraint checking, model exploration, model transformation and much more.
Papyrus: A MDE UML modeler based on EMF.
Rational Software Modeler: A UML modeler that uses the EMF-based UML2 model.
Modeling Framework based software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelot%20Ghana | Camelot Ghana is a Ghanaian printing company, serving the West Africa market. The company was founded in 1963. The company's principal business includes the printing of stationery, computer stationery, security stationery, and business printing including stock certificates, cheques, chequebooks, payment vouchers, invoices and dividend warrants.
Camelot's stock is listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange and is a component of the GSE All-Share Index.
External links
Camelot Ghana official homepage
Camelot Ghana at Alacrastore
Camelot Ghana research page from Gold Coast Securities, in PDF format
Printing companies
Manufacturing companies based in Accra
Manufacturing companies established in 1963
1963 establishments in Ghana
Companies listed on the Ghana Stock Exchange |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Colony%20Library%20Network | The Old Colony Library Network (OCLN) is a consortium of 28 member libraries located on the South Shore of Massachusetts in the United States. OCLN membership includes 26 town and city libraries and two academic libraries. OCLN's cooperative approach enables member libraries to provide services that they would not be able to afford separately. OCLN was founded in 1984 and is incorporated in Massachusetts as a 501(c)(3) corporation. OCLN is recognized as a charitable organization by the Massachusetts Attorney General's office.
OCLN member libraries:
Public libraries:
Abington Public Library (website)
Avon Public Library (website)
Thayer Public Library, Braintree
Brockton Public Library (website)
Canton Public Library (website)
Paul Pratt Memorial Library, Cohasset (website)
Duxbury Free Library (website)
John Curtis Free Library, Hanover (website)
Hingham Public Library (website)
Holbrook Public Library (website)
Hull Public Library (website)
Kingston Public Library (website)
Ventress Memorial Library, Marshfield (website)
Milton Public Library (website)
Norwell Public Library (website)
Plymouth Public Library (website)
Thomas Crane Public Library, Quincy (website)
Turner Free Library, Randolph (website)
Rockland Memorial Library (website)
Sandwich Public Library (website)
Scituate Town Library (website)
Sharon Public Library (website)
Stoughton Public Library (website)
Walpole Public Library (website)
Weymouth Public Libraries (Tufts and Fogg)
Whitman Public Library (website)
Academic libraries:
Eastern Nazarene College, Quincy, Nease Library (website)
Quincy College, Quincy and Plymouth
Former members:
Massasoit Community College Library (migrated to HELM in June 2019)
See also
Cape Libraries Automated Materials Sharing (CLAMS)
CW MARS (Central/Western Massachusetts Automated Resource Sharing)
Merrimack Valley Library Consortium (MVLC)
Minuteman Library Network (MLN)
North of Boston Library Exchange (NOBLE)
SAILS Library Network
References
External links
Library consortia in Massachusetts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan%20Siegel | Evan Siegel is a professor of Mathematics and Computer Science.
Biography
Evan Siegel received his PhD in Mathematics from the CUNY Graduate Center in 2000, his MSc in Mathematics from New York University, and his BSc in Mathematics from MIT. He is currently an Associate Professor of Mathematics at New Jersey City University. In addition to his interest in Mathematics, Siegel is interested in the history of the Middle East and has numerous publications on this topic. Siegel does research in sources in Persian, French, Arabic, Turkish, Russian, German, and Georgian.
In 1998-2000 he was an Editorial Board Member of the Journal of Azerbaijani Studies, and in 1994-2002 a Corresponding Secretary of the International Society for Azerbaijani Studies.
Books
An annotated translation of Ahmad Kasravi's History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. (2007)
"Akinchi and Azerbaijani Self-Definition" in Michael Ursinus, Christoph Herzog, & Raoul Motika (ed.), Heidelberger Studien zur Geschichte und Kultur des modernen Vorderen Orients, vol. 27 (Frankfurt am Main, etc.: Peter Lang, 2001)
"An Azerbaijani Poets' Duel over Iranian Constitutionalism" in Michael Ursinus, Raoul Motika, & Christoph Herzog (eds.), Presse und Öffentlichkeit im Nahen Östen (Istanbul: ISIS Yayinlari, 2000)
"The Politics of Shahid-e Javid" in Werner Ende and Rainer Brunner (eds.), The Twelver Shia in Modern Times: Religious Culture and Political History (Leiden: Brill (Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East, vol. 72), 2000)
"Negahiye Kutahi be Bargozidehayi az Mollah Nasr od-Din/Montakhebiye az Nashriyeye Molla Nasr od-Din" in Janet Afary et al., Negareshi bar Zan va Jensiat dar Dawran-e Mashrute (Chicago: Historical Society of Iranian Women, 2000)
"The Turkish Language in Iran by Ahmad Kasravi" (translated from Arabic), Journal of Azerbaijani Studies (vol. 1, no. 2, 1998)
"A Woman's Letters to Molla Nasr od-Din(Tbilisi)" in Christopher Herzog et al. (eds.), Presse und Öffentlichkeit im Nahen Östen (Heidelberg: Heidelberg Orientverlag, 1995)
"Chand Maqale az Mulla Nasr ud-Din", Nimeye Digar no. 17 (Winter 1993)
Articles, papers, etc
"A risala by Sheikh Fazlollah Nuri denouncing the Iranian constitutional movement," Images, Representations and Perceptions in the Shia World, Geneva, Switzerland, (2002)
"Debates in Georgian Historiography on the Iranian Constitutional Revolution", Society for Iranian Studies Conference (2001)
"The Uses of Classical Iranian Literature in Early Modern Azerbaijani Satire", International Conference on "The Middle Eastern Press as a Forum for Literature, Bamberg, Germany (October 2001)
"Negahiye Kutahi be Bargozidehayi az Mollah Nasr od-Din/Montakhebiye az Nashriyeye Molla Nasr od-Din" in Janet Afary et al., Negareshi bar Zan va Jensiat dar Dawran-e Mashrute (Chicago: Historical Society of Iranian Women, 2000)
"The Mullah and the Commissar: Mirza Jalil Muhammadquluzada in the Land of the Soviets", Middle East Studies Association (2000)
"S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMMA-FM | WMMA-FM (93.9 MHz) is a radio station in Nekoosa, Wisconsin. It is part of the Relevant Radio Christian network.
External links
WMMA-FM’s official website
MMA-FM
MMA-FM
Catholic radio stations
Radio stations established in 1999
Relevant Radio stations
1999 establishments in Wisconsin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholm%20Environment%20Institute%20US%20Center | The Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) is an international research organization focusing on the issue of sustainable development. SEI has its headquarters in Stockholm with a network structure of permanent and associated staff worldwide and with centres the US, York (UK), Oxford (UK), Tallinn (Estonia), and Bangkok (Thailand).
SEI's US center is a research affiliate of Tufts University in Massachusetts and also has offices in Davis, California, and Seattle, Washington. It conducts a diverse programme focusing on the social, technological and institutional requirements for a transition to sustainability. Its funders include the United Nations, the World Bank, and numerous foundations and national governments such as the United States, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the UK.
In addition to providing policy-relevant analyses, the Center works to build capacity in developing countries for integrated sustainability planning through training and collaboration on projects. Its decision support tools are widely used: LEAP for energy planning and climate change mitigation, WEAP for water resources planning and PoleStar for evaluating sustainable development strategies.
Its activities are organized into three programs:
The Climate and Energy Program conducts energy system analyses, examines environmental consequences of energy use such as global warming, and develops policies for a transition to efficient and renewable energy technology.
The Water Resources Program brings an integrated perspective to freshwater assessment, one that seeks sustainable water solutions by balancing the needs for basic water services, development and the environment.
The Sustainable Development Studies Program takes a holistic perspective in assessing sustainability at global, regional, and national levels.
External links
SEI-US web site
Main SEI web site
LEAP web site
WEAP web site
Tufts University
Research institutes in the United States
International research institutes
Environmental research institutes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wi-Fi%20Protected%20Setup | Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS) originally, Wi-Fi Simple Config, is a network security standard to create a secure wireless home network.
Created by Cisco and introduced in 2006, the point of the protocol is to allow home users who know little of wireless security and may be intimidated by the available security options to set up Wi-Fi Protected Access, as well as making it easy to add new devices to an existing network without entering long passphrases. It is used by devices made by HP, Brother and Canon for their printers. WPS is a wireless method that is used to connect certain Wi-Fi devices such printers and security cameras to the Wi-Fi network without using any password. In addition, there is another way to connect called WPS Pin that is used by some devices to connect to the wireless network. Wi-Fi Protected Setup allows the owner of Wi-Fi privileges to block other users from using their household Wi-Fi. The owner can also allow people to use Wi-Fi. This can be changed by pressing the WPS button on the home router.
A major security flaw was revealed in December 2011 that affects wireless routers with the WPS PIN feature, which most recent models have enabled by default. The flaw allows a remote attacker to recover the WPS PIN in a few hours with a brute-force attack and, with the WPS PIN, the network's WPA/WPA2 pre-shared key (PSK). Users have been urged to turn off the WPS PIN feature, although this may not be possible on some router models.
Modes
The standard emphasizes usability and security, and allows four modes in a home network for adding a new device to the network:
PIN method In which a PIN has to be read from either a sticker or display on the new wireless device. This PIN must then be entered at the "representant" of the network, usually the network's access point. Alternately, a PIN provided by the access point may be entered into the new device. This method is the mandatory baseline mode and everything must support it. The Wi-Fi Direct specification supersedes this requirement by stating that all devices with a keypad or display must support the PIN method.
Push button method In which the user has to push a button, either an actual or virtual one, on both the access point and the new wireless client device. On most devices, this discovery mode turns itself off as soon as a connection is established or after a delay (typically 2 minutes or less), whichever comes first, thereby minimizing its vulnerability. Support of this mode is mandatory for access points and optional for connecting devices. The Wi-Fi Direct specification supersedes this requirement by stating that all devices must support the push button method.
Near-field communication method In which the user has to bring the new client close to the access point to allow a near field communication between the devices. NFC Forum–compliant RFID tags can also be used. Support of this mode is optional.
USB method In which the user uses a USB flash drive to transfer data b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Anti%20Poverty%20Network | The European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN) is the largest European network of national, regional and local networks, involving anti-poverty non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and grass-root groups as well as European organisations, active in the fight against poverty and social exclusion. It was established in 1990.
Supported by the European Commission, EAPN is a network of 31 National Networks of voluntary organisations and grass-root groups active in the fight against poverty within the 27 European Union member states (minus Slovenia), as well as in Norway, Iceland, Serbia, and North Macedonia. EAPN's membership also includes 13 European organisations. EAPN has a consultative status with the Council of Europe and is a founding member of the Platform of European Social NGOs.
Core objectives
To promote and enhance the effectiveness of actions to eradicate poverty and prevent social exclusion;
To raise awareness of poverty and social exclusion
To empower the people living in poverty and social exclusion
To lobby for and with people and groups facing poverty and social exclusion.
EAPN includes the objectives of gender equality and non discrimination in all its areas of work.
Activities
To address its objectives, the EAPN lobbies European and national decision-making institutions to develop and implement inclusive, anti-poverty policies and programmes, and keeps under close review policies and programmes likely to impact on groups facing poverty and social exclusion.
It also acts as a central European forum for anti poverty focused NGOs, exchanging information on EU and national level anti poverty and exclusion policies; it supports members in exchanging experiences and building partnerships; and provides training for its members. It is also forging links and alliances with like-minded groups and coalitions.
Resources
The EAPN website gives access to key EAPN and EU documents on poverty, social exclusion and inequalities. EAPN produces wide a range of materials and publications on poverty, social inclusion, social protection, employment, Structural Funds.
References
External links
EAPN on Twitter: @EAPNEurope
EAPN on Facebook: EuropeanAntiPovertyNetwork
EAPN on LinkedIn: EAPN - European Anti Poverty Network
European Meetings of People experiencing Poverty (//voicesofpoverty-eu.net/)
Organised and coordinated by EAPN, the European meetings contribute to the right of people living in poverty to participate in and access information relating to the decision-making processes that affect their lives and well-being. The European meeting is the most visible point in the process of fostering this but perhaps even more important is the fact that they act as a catalyst for national participation processes.
European Minimum Income Network (EMIN) (//emin-eu.net) The European Minimum Income Network (EMIN) is a project funded by the European Commission and which started in 2013. The aim of the project is to build consensus to take the necessary |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20Device%20C%20Compiler | The Small Device C Compiler (SDCC) is a free-software, partially retargetable C compiler for 8-bit microcontrollers. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License. The package also contains an assembler, linker, simulator and debugger. As of March 2007, SDCC is the only open-source C compiler for Intel 8051-compatible microcontrollers.
In 2011 the compiler was downloaded on average more than 200 times per day.
Supported hosts
Sources, documentation, and binaries are available for Linux (32-bit and 64-bit), macOS (PPC and 64-bit), and Windows (32-bit and 64-bit).
Supported targets
The following include binary compatible derivatives:
Intel 8031, 8032, 8051, 8052; Maxim/Dallas DS80C390; C8051
Motorola/Freescale/NXP 68HC08 and 68HCS08
Padauk PDK14 and PDK15
Sharp SM83, the CPU found in the Nintendo Game Boy LR35902 SoC
STMicroelectronics STM8
Zilog Z80, Z180, eZ80 in Z80 mode; Rabbit Semiconductor 2000, 2000A, 3000, 3000A, 4000; Toshiba TLCS-90; Z80N (ZX Spectrum Next processor).
Work in progress:
Microchip PIC16 and PIC18.
Padauk PDK13.
MOS Technology 6502
Obsolete:
AVR microcontrollers use to be a supported target, but was made obsolete by avr-gcc in 2010 (SDCC 3.0.0).
See also
Z88DK - C compiler for Z80-based systems
cc65 - C compiler for 6502/65C02 systems
References
External links
SDCC homepage
Sandeep Dutta - Anatomy of a Compiler. A Retargetable ANSI-C Compiler. "Circuit Cellar", issue 121, August 2000, page 35
SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
SDCC Open Knowledge Resource
FOSDEM 2015 presentation on SDCC
A port of FreeRTOS to 8051
Using SDCC on the AT89C52 (8051 derivative)
Using SDCC for PIC on Windows with MPLABX
C (programming language) compilers
Cross-compilers
Free compilers and interpreters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PrimeBase | A number of database related products and projects go under the name of PrimeBase. Classic PrimeBase is a SQL database server developed and maintained by PrimeBase Systems GmbH of Hamburg, Germany. The open source projects "PrimeBase XT Storage Engine for MySQL" (PBXT) and "PrimeBase Media Streaming" engine (PBMS) are supported and funded by PrimeBase Technologies GmbH.
The bulk of the PrimeBase SQL Data Server (PBDS) users are in the print and pre-press industry. This is due to historical reasons and the fact that PBDS features such as efficient BLOB handling and full-text search focus on the requirements of applications in this area. PBDS began life as P.INK SQL in 1990. It was originally developed for the Macintosh by the company P.INK Software Engineering GmbH and Co, in Hamburg. At the time, it was the only SQL server that ran on the Macintosh. In 1992 P.INK Software began porting the database to Unix. In particular, the Sun SPARC workstation and the IBM RS/6000.
The database was used as the central component of the P.INK Press Publishing System, which was installed at a number of major newspapers in Germany and worldwide. Following a number of management errors that saw the company grow too fast P.INK Software declared bankruptcy in 1995 when shareholders were unable to agree on the terms for refinancing the company.
A number of former employees managed to secure the rights to the P.INK SQL database and in 1996 they founded SNAP Innovation GmbH. Support and development of the database was continued under the name of PrimeBase. By the year 2001 SNAP had added related products to the PrimeBase SQL Data Server including the PrimeBase Replication Server and the PrimeBase Application Server. These products are now all owned and maintained by PrimeBase Systems GmbH.
In 2004, SNAP began development of PBXT, the transactional storage engine for MySQL. Drawing on experience gained in the development of the PrimeBase DBMS, SNAP also launched the "Scalable BLOB Streaming Infrastructure for MySQL" project, under which PBMS and the S3 Daemon have been developed. More information is available on these products from the associated web-sites (see below). Both of these projects have now been put under the umbrella of the open source company PrimeBase Technologies.
External links
SNAP Innovation GmbH
PrimeBase Systems
PrimeBase Technologies & PBXT
Blob Streaming project, PBMS & S3 Daemon
Proprietary database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory%20for%20Interactive%20Learning%20Technologies | The Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies (LILT), a research group in the Department of Information and Computer Sciences (ICS) of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, pursues a diverse portfolio of cognitive science, human-computer interaction, and social sciences approaches to technology-supported learning, collaboration and online communities. Currently LILT has a strong focus on studying how technology affordances support social processes of learning, ranging from the meaning-making dialogues of small groups to supporting reflective practice in online communities. LILT members are also pursuing new directions in wireless and mobile technologies for education.
The Collaborative Representations project, led by LILT director Dr. Daniel Suthers examines how participants appropriate and are influenced by the affordances of collaborative learning software, and develops strategies for embedding such technologies in educational practice. Dr. Violet Harada and Dr. Suthers co-direct Hawaii Networked Learning Communities (HNLC), studying the use of online community software in support of educators distributed throughout the islands. The software is also being applied to university teaching, with the assistance of Dr. Samuel Joseph and several students. Dr. Joseph leads projects related to wireless and mobile technologies in learning, including second language vocabulary learning and next generation wireless applications. LILT also supports education and outreach efforts related to the marine ecosystems of Hawaii.
Situated halfway between North America and Asia, LILT maintains relationships with both geographic communities of researchers. For example, Dr. Suthers serves on committees of the Asia-Pacific Society for Computers in Education (APSCE) and the International Society of the Learning Sciences (ISLS). He is executive associate editor of the APSCE journal Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning and associate editor of the ISLS International Journal of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning. Dr. Samuel Joseph is a former resident of Japan and continues to collaborate with Japanese companies. Ravi Vatrapu's research explores the influence of culture on the interpretation and use of social affordances of online learning environments.
References
External links
Laboratory for Interactive Learning Technologies
Department of Information and Computer Sciences, UH Manoa
University of Hawaiʻi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertion%20definition%20language | The Assertion Definition Language (ADL) is a specification language providing a predicate logic based behaviour, as well as interfaces, for computer software.
English language support
ADL uses function pre- and postconditions to specify interfaces and is designed to provide an intermediary between informal English language specifications and formal programmatic test specifications.
Tool support exists both to convert ADL specifications into the English language, and to generate test systems against which implementation code can be verified.
History
ADL is developed cooperatively by The Open Group and SunTest of Sun Microsystems
See also
Formal methods
Formal specification
References
Formal specification languages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COWEX%20A/S | COWEX A/S is a Danish Industrial IT and Automation company which is specialised in solutions of
process-technical tasks, in particular computer-based control, regulation and supervision within areas of aquaculture, water supply and industrial automation.
Cowex A/S develops solutions within the industries water supply & waste water, process industry and aquaculture (industrialised fish farming). Within water supply and waste water cowex a/s provides solutions for large municipals as well as smaller private plants. Within the process industry company serves some of Denmark's largest businesses at the same time as it creates specialised solutions adapted smaller companies. Within aquaculture cowex a/s makes solutions mainly to industrialised plants with built-in water treatment and recirculation.
History
The company was founded in June 1992 under the name Pedersen Proces Aps by its present owner and managing director, Henrik Dam Pedersen.
Concurrently with the general development, the founding of the Saint Petersburg department in Russia year 2000 and the development in the number of international customers and business partners, the company in 2002 changed its status to a limited company and at the same time its name to Cowex A/S.
External links
Industrial IT, Automation, Process Technology @ cowex a/s (English)
Industrial IT, Automation, Process Technology @ cowex a/s (Danish)
Software companies of Denmark
Companies based in Gentofte Municipality |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSAR | CSAR, or Csar may refer to:
Caris Spatial Archive, a file format for storing bathymetry data
Center for the Simulation of Advanced Rockets
Central South African Railways
Combat search and rescue
Cosa succederà alla ragazza, a 1992 music album by Lucio Battisti
Comité secret d'action révolutionnaire, a French anti-communist group better known as La Cagoule
Alternative spelling of the title of nobility, Tsar
Günther Csar (born 1966)
Child Sexual Abuse Regulation (Regulation to Prevent and Combat Child Sexual Abuse) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Saturday%20Light%20Brigade | The Saturday Light Brigade is a public radio program featuring acoustic music and family programming including participatory puzzles and games as well as on-air telephone calls from children and adults. Broadcast since 1978, it is one of the longest-running public radio programs in the United States.
The Saturday Light Brigade is broadcast live from 6:00 a.m. to 12:00 noon (Eastern) on Saturday mornings and airs on WRCT in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, WSAJ in Grove City, Pennsylvania, WNJR in Washington, PA, WCUC in Clarion, PA, WIUP in Indiana, PA, WMCO in New Concord, Ohio, and WOHM in Charleston, South Carolina.
The program is broadcast by SLB Radio Productions, Inc., a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation governed by a board of directors and advisory board. Day-to-day operations are managed by Larry and Rikki Berger.
SLB is a member of the National Federation of Community Broadcasters and Association of Independents in Radio.
History
Larry Berger originated the program on WYEP in Pittsburgh in March 1978 and was soon joined by sidekick/producer Bill Lucker. SLB Radio Productions, Inc., was formed in 2000 to guide the program's growth and ensure focus on its mission of encouraging genuine expression in and among children and adults. In 2001, SLB and Children's Museum of Pittsburgh entered into an agreement whereby SLB would move its offices and studios to the soon-to-be expanded museum. Lucker elected to take a sabbatical in early 2003 and remained involved on the Advisory Board. He died in 2008 after a courageous fight with cancer. In November 2003, SLB moved its Pittsburgh affiliation from WYEP to WRCT. The museum studios opened in November 2004 and are now the site of live broadcasts and off-air workshops.
External links
Online broadcasts:
slbradio.org
wrct.org
American radio game shows
American music radio programs
American variety radio programs
1978 radio programme debuts
American public radio programs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch%20%28programming%20language%29 | Scratch is a high-level block-based visual programming language and website aimed primarily at children as an educational tool, with a target audience of ages 8 to 16. Users on the site, called Scratchers, can create projects on the website using a block-like interface. Projects can be exported to standalone HTML5, Android apps, Bundle (macOS) and EXE files using external tools. Scratch was conceived and designed through collaborative National Science Foundation grants awarded to Mitchell Resnick and Yasmin Kafai. The service is developed by the MIT Media Lab, and has been translated into 70+ languages, and is used in most parts of the world. Scratch is taught and used in after-school centers, schools, and colleges, as well as other public knowledge institutions. As of 15 February 2023, community statistics on the language's official website show more than 123 million projects shared by over 103 million users, over 804 million total projects ever created (including unshared projects), and more than 95 million monthly website visits.
Scratch takes its name from a technique used by disk jockeys called "scratching", where vinyl records are clipped together and manipulated on a turntable to produce different sound effects and music. Like scratching, the website lets users mix together different media (including graphics, sound, and other programs) in creative ways by creating and 'remixing' projects, like video games, animations, music, and simulations.
Scratch 3.0
User interface
The Scratch interface is divided into three main sections: a stage area, block palette, and a coding area to place and arrange the blocks into scripts that can be run by pressing the green flag or clicking on the code itself. Users may also create their own code blocks and they will appear in "My Blocks".
The stage area features the results (e.g., animations, turtle graphics, either in a small or normal size, with a full-screen option also available) and all sprites' thumbnails being listed in the bottom area. The stage uses x and y coordinates, with 0,0 being the stage center.
With a sprite selected at the bottom of the staging area, blocks of commands can be applied to it by dragging them from the block palette into the coding area. The Costumes tab allows users to change the look of the sprite with a vector and bitmap editor in order to create various effects, including animation. The Sounds tab allows attaching sounds and music to a sprite.
When creating sprites and also backgrounds, users can draw their own sprite manually, choose a Sprite from the library, or upload an image.
The table below shows the categories of the programming blocks:
Offline editing
An offline "Desktop Editor" for Scratch 3.0 is available for Microsoft Windows 10 and above in the Microsoft Store, Apple's macOS, ChromeOS, and Android; this allows the creation and playing of Scratch programs offline. The offline editor can also be downloaded in previous versions, such as Scratch 2.0 and S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20analysis%20pattern | Software analysis patterns or analysis patterns in software engineering are conceptual models, which capture an abstraction of a situation that can often be encountered in modelling. An analysis pattern can be represented as "a group of related, generic objects (meta-classes) with stereotypical attributes (data definitions), behaviors (method signatures), and expected interactions defined in a domain-neutral manner."
Overview
Martin Fowler defines a pattern as an "idea that has been useful in one practical context and will probably be useful in others". He further on explains the analysis pattern, which is a pattern "that reflects conceptual structures of business processes rather than actual software implementations". An example:
Martin Fowler describes this pattern as one that "captures the memory of something interesting which affects the domain".
Describing an analysis pattern
While doing Analysis we are trying to understand the problem. Fowler does not detail in his book a formal way to write or to describe analysis patterns. Suggestions have been raised since to have a consistent and uniform format for describing them. Most of them are based on the work from Erich Gamma, Frank Buschmann and Christopher Alexander on patterns (in architecture or computer science). One of them, proposed by Hahsler, has the following structure:
Pattern name: a pattern name should really reflect the meaning of what it is abstracting. It should be simple so that one can refer to it during analysis.
Intent: the intent aims to describe the goal the pattern is trying to achieve. It should also describe the problem it tries to solve.
Motivation: "A scenario that illustrates the problem and how the analysis pattern contributes to the solution in the concrete scenario"
Forces and context: "Discussion of forces and tensions which should be resolved by the analysis pattern"
Solution: "Description of solution and of the balance of forces achieved by the analysis pattern in the scenario in the motivation section. Includes all relevant structural and behavioural aspects of the analysis pattern."
Consequences: this should emphasise how the goal is achieved by the analysis pattern with its limitation.
Design: Suggestions of design implementations of this pattern.
Known uses: Real-world examples of this pattern usage.
See also
Design pattern (computer science)
Object-oriented analysis and design
Problem frames approach is another approach to software requirements analysis.
Role class model an example of analysis pattern applied to the role concept.
Requirements analysis
References
Further reading
This paper on pattern language for analysis pattern was presented at PLoP 2002.
Software analysis patterns
Software architecture
Unified Modeling Language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ANM | ANM may refer to:
Administrația Națională de Meteorologie, the Romanian public weather prediction organisation
Alaska Naval Militia, the naval force of Alaska
Anisotropic Network Model, a tool for Normal Mode analysis of proteins
ANM (Naples) (formally Azienda Napoletana Mobilità), a large public transit agency in Naples, Italy
Antsirabato Airport, Antalaha, Madagascar, from its IATA airport code
Arab Nationalist Movement, a former pan-Arab nationalist organization
Australian Nationalist Movement, a neo-Nazi organisation founded by Jack van Tongeren
Australian Newsprint Mills, Australian company
Auxiliary nurse midwife, village level female health worker in India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiuser%20detection | Multiuser detection deals with demodulation of the mutually interfering digital streams of information that occur in areas such as wireless communications, high-speed data transmission, DSL, satellite communication, digital television, and magnetic recording. It is also being currently investigated for demodulation in low-power inter-chip and intra-chip communication. Multiuser detection encompasses both receiver technologies devoted to joint detection of all the interfering signals or to single-user receivers which are interested in recovering only one user but are robustified against multiuser interference and not just background noise.
Mutual interference is unavoidable in modern spectrally efficient wireless systems: even when using orthogonal multiplexing systems such as TDMA, synchronous CDMA or OFDMA, multiuser interference originates from channel distortion and from out-of-cell interference. In addition, in multi-antenna (MIMO) systems, the digitally modulated streams emanating from different antennas interfere at the receiver, and the MIMO receiver uses multiuser detection techniques to separate them. By exploiting the structure of the interfering signals, multiuser detection can increase spectral efficiency, receiver sensitivity, and the number of users the system can sustain.
Because of the mistaken belief in some quarters of the spread spectrum community that little could be gained from receivers more sophisticated than the single-user matched filter, multiuser detection did not start developing until the early 1980s. Verdu showed that the near-far problem suffered by CDMA was not inherent to this multiplexing technology and could be overcome by an optimum receiver that demodulates all users simultaneously. Verdu's receiver consisted of a bank of matched filters followed by a Viterbi algorithm. In the context of the capacity of the narrowband Gaussian two-user multiple-access channel, Cover showed the achievability of the capacity region by means of a successive cancellation receiver, which decodes one user treating the other as noise, re-encodes its signal and subtracts it from the received signal. The same near-far resistance of the optimum receiver can be achieved with the decorrelating receiver proposed in. Adaptive multiuser detectors that do not require prior knowledge of the interfering waveforms have also been proposed.
References
Mobile technology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Bluetooth%20protocols | The wireless data exchange standard Bluetooth uses a variety of protocols. Core protocols are defined by the trade organization Bluetooth SIG. Additional protocols have been adopted from other standards bodies. This article gives an overview of the core protocols and those adopted protocols that are widely used.
The Bluetooth is split in two parts: a "controller stack" containing the timing critical radio interface, and a "host stack" dealing with high level data. The controller stack is generally implemented in a low cost silicon device containing the Bluetooth radio and a microprocessor. The host stack is generally implemented as part of an operating system, or as an installable package on top of an operating system. For integrated devices such as Bluetooth headsets, the host stack and controller stack can be run on the same microprocessor to reduce mass production costs; this is known as a hostless system.
Controller stack
Asynchronous Connection-Less [logical transport] (ACL)
The normal type of radio link used for general data packets using a polling TDMA scheme to arbitrate access. It can carry packets of several types, which are distinguished by:
length (1, 3, or 5 time slots depending on required payload size)
Forward error correction (optionally reducing the data rate in favour of reliability)
modulation (Enhanced Data Rate packets allow up to triple data rate by using a different RF modulation for the payload)
A connection must be explicitly set up and accepted between two devices before packets can be transferred.
ACL packets are retransmitted automatically if unacknowledged, allowing for correction of a radio link that is subject to interference. For isochronous data, the number of retransmissions can be limited by a flush timeout; but without using L2PLAY retransmission and flow control mode or EL2CAP, a higher layer must handle the packet loss.
ACL links are disconnected if there is nothing received for the supervision timeout period; the default timeout is 20 seconds, but this may be modified by the master.
Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO) link
The type of radio link used for voice data. A SCO link is a set of reserved time slots on an existing ACL link. Each device transmits encoded voice data in the reserved timeslot. There are no retransmissions, but forward error correction can be optionally applied. SCO packets may be sent every 1, 2, or 3 time slots.
Enhanced SCO (eSCO) links allow greater flexibility in setting up links: they may use retransmissions to achieve reliability, allow for a wider variety of packet types and for greater intervals between packets than SCO, thus increasing radio availability for other links.
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
Used for control of the radio link between two devices, highe, dmv, querying device abilities and power control. Implemented on the controller.
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Standardized communication between the host stack (e.g., a PC or mobile phone OS) and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matmice | MatMice was a free invite-only social networking website aimed at children and teenagers, founded by three sisters in 2000. Until February 2007, the website based itself on free webpages for children, with basic tools and HTML support, and 1,758,660 members joined, hundreds joining each day.
History
MatMice won numerous awards due to its free to use basis aimed primarily at children, and was recognised as a leader in development of user friendly technology easily accessible to children. Special attention was drawn to the website's achievement of top prize at the Cable & Wireless Childnet Awards. MatMice also had plans to utilize other languages.
In 2003, the oldest of the MatMice creators, Emily Boyd was awarded the NSW Young Australian of the Year and honoured with the Centenary Medal. This award recognises her as making contributions to Australian society or government.
Closing
On September 22, 2008, MatMice officially closed, members had no access to their pages, and were redirected to the main page with the announcement of their closure:
MatMice is now closed. As announced earlier, MatMice closed on Monday September 22, 2008. We started MatMice more than 8 years ago (when we were 16, 14, and 10 years old) so that we could help other kids to make their own homepages. MatMice has been a big part of our lives, but unfortunately the three of us no longer have the time that's needed to keep the site running smoothly or add new stuff. :( We want to say a huge thank you to everyone who's been part of MatMice since we started!
- Emily, Sarah, and Elise, MatMice Founders
Emily Boyd is also one of the founders of Remember the Milk.
References
External links
Former MatMice Websites
MatMice
MatMice Kids Homepage Builder
Children's websites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism%20in%20Belize | Hinduism is a minority faith in Belize. According to 2010 census, 0.2% of Belize population is Hindu.
Demographics
However, the Association of Religion Data Archives states that as of 2005, 2.0% identify as Hindu. According to other sources it is 2.3%.
History
The Hindu community in Belize today consists mostly of families who arrived in the 1950s, when Belize was still a British colony. The community is composed almost entirely of Sindhis and so there are few cultural differences within it.
Today
Though 3.9% of the population of Belize are Indians, most of them are Christians. Only about 40% are still Hindus.
There are two Hindu temples in Belize, one on Albert Street, Belize city and Sukh Shanti Temple, Corozal. Festivals like Diwali, Janmashtmi are celebrated by Hindus in this temple.
References
External links
International Religious Freedom Report 2006, Belize
The facts about East Indians
Hindus celebrate Diwali in Belize
Indian Diaspora in South America/ Belize
Asian Belizean
Religion in Belize
Belize
1857 establishments in the British Empire
Belize |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Route%20of%20Industrial%20Heritage | The European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) is a tourist route of the most important industrial heritage sites in Europe. This is a tourism industry information initiative to present a network of industrial heritage sites across Europe. The aim of the project is to create interest for the common European heritage of the Industrialisation and its legacy. ERIH also wants to promote regions, towns and sites showing the industrial history and market them as visitor attractions in the leisure and tourism industry.
History
The concept of using a European Route of Industrial Heritage was born in 1999; it was recognised there had been no single event to shape the European landscape greater than the industrial revolution. That changed the working culture of all Europeans, and gave common experiences to communities across Europe whether it be deep mine coal working in the Rühr or South Wales. Four countries, Great Britain, Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands successfully applied for EU Interreg IIC (North-Western Europe) funding to draw up a master plan. The plan demonstrates the economic potential as a primarily marketing brand. It also shows a possible structure. Its reasoning was that many individual sites had great footfall others had a very low profile. They used the analogy of small shops gathering together in large shopping centres for joint promotion. In the language of EU proposals the hubs are called anchor points; these could be cities or existing industrial sites with a developed tourism infrastructure.
The plan culminated in the Duisburg Declaration
With the plan adopted its implementation was funded by Interreg IIIB-north-western Europe, and the scheme rolled out; starting in the northwest and progressing south and east. ERIH is a registered association under German law. When funding ran out there were 850 member attractions which has risen to 1,850 sites across the EU28 countries. In October 2014 further funding was obtained from the EU Creative Europe programme . The European Route of Industrial Heritage has been a Cultural Route of the Council of Europe since 2019.
Anchor points
The – virtual – main route is built by the so-called Anchor Points. These are Industrial Heritage sites which are the historically most important and most attractive for visitors. The route leads through 13 countries thus far (in 2014): United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic, Poland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Portugal (in 2017).
The anchor sites in are:
Regional Routes
Regional Routes (like the Route der Industriekultur in the Ruhr) cover regions as where industrial history has left its mark. Currently (2017) there are seventeen:
Austria
Styrian Iron Trail
Germany
Northwest
Ruhrgebiet
Industrial Valleys
Euregio Maas-Rhine
Saxony-Anhalt
Lusatia
Rhine-Main
Saar Lor Lux
Netherlands
HollandRoute
Euregio Maas-Rhine
Poland
Silesia
Spain
Catalonia
United Kingdom
Southwest Yorkshire
South Wales
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misuse%20detection | Misuse detection actively works against potential insider threats to vulnerable computer data.
Misuse
Misuse detection is an approach to detecting computer attacks. In a misuse detection approach, abnormal system behaviour is defined first, and then all other behaviour is defined as normal. It stands against the anomaly detection approach which utilizes the reverse: defining normal system behaviour first and defining all other behaviour as abnormal.
With misuse detection, anything not known is normal. An example of misuse detection is the use of attack signatures in an intrusion detection system. Misuse detection has also been used more generally to refer to all kinds of computer misuse.
Theory
In theory, misuse detection assumes that abnormal behaviour has a simple-to-define model. Its advantage is the simplicity of adding known attacks to the model. Its disadvantage is its inability to recognize unknown attacks.
References
Further reading
For more information on Misuse Detection, including papers written on the subject, consider the following:
Misuse Detection Concepts and Algorithms - article by the IR Lab at IIT.
Data security |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonia%201 | Polonia 1 is one of the first Polish commercial television channels, consisting at first of a network of 12 (and - for a short time - even 13) local TV stations in bigger cities. The station was established by Sardinian businessman Nicola Grauso, who shared a connection with Silvio Berlusconi.
History
Polonia 1 began broadcasting on air on March 7, 1993 by means of the following TV stations:
PTV Morze (Szczecin)
Tele-Top (Gdynia) (vel PTV Neptun)
PTV Copernicus (Olsztyn)
TVex (Bydgoszcz)
TV-ES (Poznań)
Tele 24 (Łódź)
Nowa Telewizja Warszawa (Warszawa)
PTV Echo (Wrocław) - the first one in the network
PTV Opole (Opole) (vel Telopol)
PTV Rondo (Katowice)
PTV Krater (Kraków)
Telewizja Niezależna (Lublin)
TV Centrum (Kalisz) - 13th TV station, very short operational
The broadcast of common block in each of the station, received daily on VHS tapes, began each day at 16:15 and lasted till midnight. Time was filled with such productions like Japanese animated films, adventure and detective TV series (such as MacGyver, The A-Team), but first and foremost Argentinian soap operas such as Manuela, Maria, Stellina), but also movies and documentaries produced by the local communities. Remaining broadcast time was filled with either re-runs of Polonia 1, or stations' own productions. (local news, etc.). Exceptions happen from that general rule, while PTV Copernicus broadcast porn movies (in the morning hours).
Network gained huge popularity - becoming Poland's second most viewable TV station in 1994 being inferior only to Poland's national broadcaster TVP1; this number is, however, questioned by many experts. In the licence competition announced same year, Polonia 1 lost due to exceeding the permissible 33% foreign capital share in the company - all-Poland licence was then assigned to Polsat.
Also local broadcasting frequencies competitions were lost by Polonia 1, as National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television (KRRiT) accused stations of the lack of independence from Italian investors.
Despite not receiving licences, Polonia 1 stations still broadcast, still trying to undermine concession decisions of KRRiT with Supreme Administrative Court of Poland (NSA) - with no effect.
August 29, 1994 was the day when prosecutor's office in Warsaw, Kraków, Opole, Lublin, Poznań oraz Szczecin (with the support of local anti-terrorist teams) conducted action of closing Polonia 1 stations, which broadcast on frequencies reserved solely for the usage of Polish military. Broadcasters were accused of direct life endangering.
After about 2 weeks following the closure, Polonia 1 started broadcasting via Eutelsat Satellite.
September 21, 1994 saw another wave of closing stations - this time in Gdynia, Łódź, Katowice and Olsztyn. Remaining stations in Bydgoszcz and Wrocław - after broadcasting for the next few months, willingly switched off their Transmitters.
Despite earlier announcements, Polonia 1 did not compete in the next licence competition. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richards%20Bay%20Airport | Richards Bay Airport is an airport in Richards Bay, South Africa.
Overview
It is independently managed and not part of the network of larger airports operated by the parastatal Airports Company South Africa (ACSA). The Airport is managed by Indiza Airport Management. The Airport is also home to one of the only aviation maintenance companies in the Northern KwaZulu-Natal, Alton Aero Engineering. South African Airlink used to fly the only scheduled flight service in and out of Richards Bay, using a fleet of Embraer E170 jet and BAe Jetstream 41 aircraft.
In late 2011, after much speculation, it was confirmed that the airport would undergo a major upgrade that would render the airport's status as International. The expansion project however, has been put on hold pending an outcome to the issue of the local township of Mandlanzini, with residents having settled in the path of the intended runway extension.
Airlines and destinations
Traffic statistics
References
External links
Aerial photograph on Google Maps
Airports in KwaZulu-Natal
Richards Bay |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPKL | WPKL is a classic hits radio station licensed to Uniontown, Pennsylvania at 99.3 FM. WPKL's programming is simulcast on WKPL in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, at 92.1 FM. Both stations are owned by Forever Media, and each has a power output of 3,000 watts.
History
Beginnings
WPKL first signed on the air December 20, 1968 as WPQR-FM, licensed to Warman Broadcasting Inc.; founded by Edwin Warman, with Ed Olesh serving as the station's first vice president and general manager. For many of its early years, the station operated from an office building at 540 Morgantown Road in Uniontown. WKPL first signed on the air as WFEM on August 4, 1968, and was owned by Ellwood City Broadcasting Company, a company owned by Herbert Scott, who also owned Great Scott Broadcasting Company, licensee of WKST in New Castle, about eight miles north of Ellwood City. Studios and offices for WFEM were located at 226 Fifth Street in Ellwood City, from where it broadcast an easy listening music format.
WPQR sale and WFEM move
WPQR was purchased by Pittsburgh attorney Geoffrey P. Kelly on May 21, 1987, who operated the station under the corporate name Kel Com Broadcasting, Inc. The Kel Com endeavor was a joint partnership between Kelly and Monroeville broadcaster Marlene J. Heshler, who had bought WCVI (AM) in nearby Connellsville (as Mar Com Broadcasting) two years before. For many years following the sale, WPQR maintained a separate sales office in Uniontown, with on-air operations moving to WCVI's facilities at 133 East Crawford Avenue in downtown Connellsville. In 1986, WFEM came under the control of Faye Scott following the death of Herb Scott in 1984. Not long afterwards, WFEM's operations were moved to those of WKST at 219 Savannah-Garder Road in New Castle.
WFEM changes calls; WPQR partnership dissolved
By the end of the 1980s, WFEM changed its call letters to WKST-FM, to mirror that of its AM sister, but adopting the slogan "Star 92.1" after signing an affiliation agreement with the Satellite Music Network and adopting its "Starstation" adult contemporary format. The early 1990s marked a period of financial distress for WPQR, but the circumstances surrounding it are still unknown. Heshler and Kelly dissolved their partnership in 1991, but Heshler stayed on as General Manager for WPQR and sister station WCVI for a couple of years afterward, with Kelly taking ownership and control of both WCVI and WPQR. Heshler left those stations for good by 1994. At around the time of the dissolution, legal action had been taken against both stations by ASCAP/BMI over alleged unpaid music licensing fees.
WPQR bankruptcy and sale to present owner
WPQR would carry an adult contemporary format until 1999, when the station suddenly went dark. According to the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, the transmitter had broken down and no money was available to fix it. To complicate matters even further, when the money became available, engineers were not permitted on the property where |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netgraph | netgraph is the graph based kernel networking subsystem of FreeBSD since 3.4 and DragonFly BSD since the fork from FreeBSD. Netgraph provides support for L2TP, PPTP, ATM, Bluetooth using a modular set of nodes that are the graph.
Netgraph has also been ported on other Operating Systems:
NetBSD kernel 1.5V (not integrated into mainline kernel)
Linux kernel 2.4 and 2.6 by 6WIND (Commercial closed source port)
Linux kernel 3.0 by LANA
History
Netgraph was originally designed and implemented at Whistle Communications by Julian Elischer and Archie Cobbs for the Whistle InterJet small office router product. The purpose of the project was to create a flexible framework for implementing new networking protocols. Key requirements included the ability to prototype with user-space programs while still retaining the ability to interact with data flows normally hidden within the kernel.
References
External links
netgraph(4) man page
Netgraph article
BSD_software
Free network-related software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text%20Services%20Framework | The Text Services Framework (TSF) is a COM framework and API in Windows XP and later Windows operating systems that supports advanced text input and text processing. The Language Bar is the core user interface for Text Services Framework.
Overview
The Text Services Framework is designed to offer advanced language and word processing features to applications. It supports features such as multilingual support, keyboard drivers, handwriting recognition, speech recognition, as well as spell checking and other text and natural language processing functions. It is also downloadable for older Windows operating systems.
The Language Bar enables text services to add UI elements to the toolbar and enables these elements when an application has focus. From the Language Bar, users can select the input language, and control keyboard input, handwriting recognition and speech recognition.
The language bar also provides a direct means to switch between installed languages, even when a non-TSF-enabled application has focus.
Starting with Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005 and Windows Vista, the RichEdit control supports the Text Services Framework. Windows Speech Recognition in Windows Vista is also implemented using the Text Services Framework.
Features
TSF is extensible. Independent software vendors can write their own text processing feature for TSF.
TSF-enabled applications can receive text input from any text service that supports TSF without having to be aware of any details of the text source. Services built using TSF are globally available to any application.
TSF enables a text service to store metadata with a document, a piece of text, or an object within the document. For example, a speech input text service can store sound information associated with a block of text.
TSF enables text services to provide accurate and complete text conversion, with continuous access to the document buffer. Text services using TSF can avoid separating their functionality into modes for input and modes for editing. This input architecture enables the buffered and accumulating text stream to change dynamically, thereby enabling more efficient keyboard input and text editing.
TSF is device-independent and enables text services for multiple input devices including keyboard, electronic pen or stylus, and microphone.
ctfmon and CTF
ctfmon (ctfmon.exe) is a process used to activate the Alternative User Input Text Input Processor (TIP) and also the Microsoft Language Bar. Ctfmon is also a component of Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, Windows Vista and Windows 7 which enables advanced user input services in applications (pen and ink, speech etc.).
CTF means Common Text Framework according to the leaked Windows XP source code and patent text.
CTF is an undocumented, insecure protocol involved in TSF which security researchers have observed to be present in Windows versions back to Windows XP.
References
External links
Text Services Framework documentation on MSDN
Text Servi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta%20Europa | Planta Europa is a network of independent organisations, non-governmental and governmental, working together to conserve European wild plants and fungi. It brings together more than 70 member organisations from 37 European countries.
The Planta Europa Network was established in 1995 as a result of a conference discussing pan-European cooperation for plant conservation. Since then, Planta Europa has held a conference every three years (1998 in Sweden, 2001 in the Czech Republic, 2004 in Spain, 2007 in Romania and in 2011 in Poland). At these conferences, botanists and plant conservationists from countries across Europe gather to discuss the directions and joint goals for plant conservation.
At the 2007 PE Conference in Romania, members of Planta Europa worked together towards producing a new European Plant Conservation Strategy, which was published as European Strategy for Plant Conservation 2008-2014 in 2008.
The secretariat for Planta Europa is based in The Hague, The Netherlands (see Planta Europa website).
References
External links
Planta Europa website
Nature conservation organisations based in Europe
Flora of Europe
Environmental organizations established in 1995
1995 establishments in Europe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICSD | ICSD may refer to:
Interfaith Center for Sustainable Development
Inorganic Crystal Structure Database
International Central Securities Depository
International Classification of Sleep Disorders
Ithaca City School District
International Committee of Sports for the Deaf |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterprise%20Privacy%20Authorization%20Language | Enterprise Privacy Authorization Language (EPAL) is a formal language for writing enterprise privacy policies to govern data handling practices in IT systems according to fine-grained positive and negative authorization rights. It was submitted by IBM to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 2003 to be considered for recommendation. In 2004, a lawsuit was filed by Zero-Knowledge Systems claiming that IBM breached a copyright agreement from when they worked together in 2001 - 2002 to create Privacy Rights Markup Language (PRML). EPAL is based on PRML, which means Zero-Knowledge argued they should be a co-owner of the standard.
See also
XACML - eXtensible Access Control Markup Language, a standard by OASIS.
References
EPAL 1.2 submission to the W3C 10 Nov 2003
Technology Report on EPAL from OASIS
A Comparison of Two Privacy Policy Languages:EPAL and XACML by Anne Anderson, Sun Microsystem Laboratories
Computer security procedures
XML-based standards
IBM software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identicon | An Identicon is a visual representation of a hash value, usually of an IP address, that serves to identify a user of a computer system as a form of avatar while protecting the user's privacy. The original Identicon was a 9-block graphic, and the representation has been extended to other graphic forms by third parties.
Src/pystackapi/sites.py== Invention ==
Don Park came up with the Identicon idea on January 18, 2007. In his words:
A similar method had previously been described by Adrian Perrig and Dawn Song in their 1999 publication on hash visualization, which had already seen wide use such as in the random art of SSH keys.
Applications
GitHub uses identicons to visually differentiate users who have not set their own avatar.
Wikis and blogs may generate identicons to visually identify authors based on IP addresses. This provides some protection against impersonation without requiring authentication.
Third-party software is available to generate identicons for the purposes of identifying eBay sellers.
The original Identicon idea has been expanded to include a couple of new, simple yet very effective, anti-phishing protection schemes. One of them requires client-side support; Park is interested in talking to browser vendors regarding its incorporation. He calls this expansion "Gemini."
There is an add-on for Firefox called IdentFavIcon Quantum that, on websites without favicons, replaces them in the tab with Identicons based on the IP address of the website.
Anonymous email forwarding service IdBloc uses Identicons to help quickly distinguish between different email addresses visually
References
External links
Don Park's original source code at GitHub
Mavenized project based on Don Park's original source code at GitHub
Identicons as Visual Fingerprints by Phil Haack
PHP-Identicons
Identicon CFC - ColdFusion implementation of Identicons
Sigil
NIdenticon - .Net implementation of Identicons
Identicons used in the wild by IdBloc
Awesome Identicon - A curated list of identicon examples
Hash functions
Computer icons
Internet forum terminology
Web 2.0 neologisms
Identifiers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20WiMAX%20networks | The following is a list of WiMAX networks.
Standards
IEEE 802.16 - called fixed WiMAX because of static connection without handover.
IEEE 802.16e - called mobile WiMAX because it allows handovers between base stations.
IEEE 802.16m - advanced air interface with data rates of 100 Mbit/s mobile and 1 Gbit/s fixed.
Networks
Africa
Americas
Asia & Oceania
Europe
See also
List of LTE networks
References
IEEE 802
Metropolitan area networks
Network access
Technology-related lists
Telecommunications lists
WiMAX |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20DeWitt | David J. DeWitt (July 20, 1948) is a computer scientist specializing in database management system research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prior to moving to MIT, DeWitt was the John P. Morgridge Professor (Emeritus) of Computer Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. He was also a Technical Fellow at Microsoft, leading the Microsoft Jim Gray Systems Lab at Madison, Wisconsin. Professor DeWitt received a B.A. degree from Colgate University in 1970, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1976. He then joined the University of Wisconsin-Madison and started the Wisconsin Database Group, which he led for more than 30 years.
Professor DeWitt is known for his research in the areas of parallel databases, benchmarking, object-oriented databases, and XML databases.
He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering (1998) for the theory and construction of database systems. He is also a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
He received the ACM SIGMOD Innovations Award (now renamed SIGMOD Edgar F. Codd Innovations Award) in 1995 for his contributions to the database systems field. In 2009, ACM recognized the seminal contributions of his Gamma parallel database system project with the ACM Software System Award. Also in 2009, he received the IEEE Emanuel R. Piore Award for his contributions to the database systems field.
DeWitt Clause
Several commercial database vendors include an end-user license agreement provision, known as the DeWitt Clause, that prohibits researchers and scientists from explicitly using the names of their systems in academic papers.
In essence, a DeWitt Clause forbids the publication of database benchmarks that the database vendor has not sanctioned. The original DeWitt Clause was established by Oracle at the behest of Larry Ellison. Ellison was displeased with a benchmark study done by David DeWitt in 1982, then an assistant professor, using his Wisconsin Benchmark program, which showed that Oracle's system had poor performance.
References
External links
American computer scientists
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Microsoft technical fellows
Database researchers
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
University of Michigan alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghu%20Ramakrishnan | Raghu Ramakrishnan is a researcher in the areas of database and information management. He is a Technical Fellow at Microsoft. He has been a Vice President and Research Fellow for Yahoo! Inc.
Ramakrishnan spent 22 years as a professor at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. With Johannes Gehrke, he authored the popular textbook Database Management Systems, also known as the "Cow Book".
Ramakrishnan received a bachelor's degree from IIT Madras in 1983, and a Ph.D. from the University of Texas at Austin in 1987. He has been selected as an ACM Fellow (2001) and a Packard fellow, and has done pioneering research in the areas of deductive databases, data mining, exploratory data analysis, data privacy, and web-scale data integration. The focus of his work in 2007 was community-based information management.
Since 2012, Ramakrishnan has been working at Microsoft, heading Cloud and Information Services Lab (CISL) and leading the development of Azure Data Lake.
Bibliography
Ramakrishnan, R. (1998). Database management systems. Boston, MA: WCB/McGraw-Hill.
Ramakrishnan, R., & Gehrke, J. (2000). Database management systems (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
Ramakrishnan, R., & Gehrke, J. (2003). Database management systems (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill.
References
External links
Raghu's Wisconsin homepage
Raghu's Yahoo! homepage
Database Management Systems Book
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Database researchers
Living people
Data miners
Yahoo! employees
Microsoft employees
Year of birth missing (living people)
IIT Madras alumni
Microsoft technical fellows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20Naughton | Jeffrey Naughton is a computer scientist and former professor and department chair of Computer Sciences at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he was one of the leaders of the Wisconsin Database Group. He was lead of Google's Madison office until 2022.
Career
Naughton received a bachelor's degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1982 and a Ph.D. from Stanford University in 1987. He was a member of the faculty at Princeton University from 1987-1989.
Professor Naughton is a Fellow of the ACM, recipient of the University of Wisconsin Vilas Award for excellence in research, and author of over 100 technical papers. In addition, he was the recipient of the Wisconsin Student ACM Chapter (SACM) "Cow Award" for excellence in classroom teaching.
Naughton joined Google in February 2016. He was a distinguished scientist and the site lead of Google Madison until 2022. He is currently a SVP and Engineering Fellow at Celonis.
References
External links
Professor Naughton's homepage
Living people
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Stanford University alumni
Princeton University faculty
American computer scientists
Database researchers
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-oriented%20parsing | Data-oriented parsing (DOP, also data-oriented processing) is a probabilistic model in computational linguistics. DOP was conceived by Remko Scha in 1990 with the aim of developing a performance-oriented grammar framework. Unlike other probabilistic models, DOP takes into account all subtrees contained in a treebank rather than being restricted to, for example, 2-level subtrees (like PCFGs), thus allowing for more context-sensitive information.
Several variants of DOP have been developed. The initial version developed by Rens Bod in 1992 was based on tree-substitution grammar, while more recently, DOP has been combined with lexical-functional grammar (LFG). The resulting DOP-LFG finds an application in machine translation. Other work on learning and parameter estimation for DOP has also found its way into machine translation.
References
External links
Remko Scha Research on DOP
DOP Homepage
Khalil Sima'an: Learning DOP models from treebanks; Computational Complexity
Andy Way (1999). A hybrid architecture for robust MT using LFG-DOP. Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Artificial Intelligence 11(3):441–471.
Grammar frameworks
Natural language parsing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20%28meteorology%29 | Giovanni is a Web interface that allows users to analyze NASA's gridded data from various satellite and surface observations.
Giovanni lets researchers examine data on atmospheric chemistry, atmospheric temperature, water vapor and clouds, atmospheric aerosols, precipitation, and ocean chlorophyll and surface temperature. The primary data consist of global gridded data sets with reduced spatial resolution. Basic analytical functions performed by Giovanni are carried out by the Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS).
Giovanni is an acronym for GES-DISC Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure.
It allows access to data from multiple remote sites, supports multiple data formats including Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), HDF-EOS, network Common Data Form (netCDF), GRIdded Binary (GRIB), and binary, and multiple plot types including area, time, Hovmoller, and image animation.
References
J. G. Acker and G. Leptoukh, Online Analysis Enhances Use of NASA Earth Science Data, EOS, January 9, 2007, vol. 88, pages 14 and 17 (the American Geophysical Union's weekly newspaper).
External links
Meteorological data and networks
Atmospheric chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Phillips%20%28consultant%29 | Michael Phillips (born 1938) is a published author of eleven books and a founder of the Briarpatch Network. As a banker in 1967 he organized Mastercard. Phillips was president of the Point Foundation in 1973; Point was created with money from the Whole Earth Catalog. Writing for the CoEvolution Quarterly in 1976 he was the first person to suggest random selection of legislators and co-authored the first book on the subject in 1985. Phillips has been an expert witness in more than a dozen public utility cases on behalf of major American minority organizations. From 1988 to 1998 he produced and hosted the national public radio program Social Thought. He is also a pro-business blogger.
Books
The Seven Laws of Money, Random House, 1974
Marketing Without Advertising, Nolo Press 1984
Honest Business, Random House 1982
Commerce, Clear Glass Press, 2000
Simple Living Investments, Clear Glass Publishing, 1982
External links
Web page on The Well
Full bio on The Well
blog site
Mastercard: Gifford Pinchot 1986
References
1938 births
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%20Underbelly | D Underbelly (styled D UNDERBELLY) is an underground network of independent performance artists and dancers of color based in Brooklyn, New York, founded in 1997 by Artistic Director Baraka de Soleil. D Underbelly is invested in interdisciplinary exploration through the excavation of new work and communal exchange and reflects the traditions of the African diaspora immersed in a contemporary reality.
The company’s work is diverse, difficult to characterise, and has included plays, elements of modern dance and African dance, new media, performance art and installation art. D Underbelly has toured the United States and internationally.
Works include:
N This Hous , developed at the Tribeca Performing Arts Center Residency Program
Water Moves the Soul, a project based on the physical, spiritual and emotional memories of ancestors who went through the Atlantic slave trade
Koool-Aid Luv Odyssey, a hip trip psychedelic journey through the fixating liquid legacies of our society, premiering at BAX / Brooklyn Arts Exchange in February 2007
Plays written
First Dark Drama, written by Baraka de Soleil and Daniel Givens, which premiered at the Richard Foreman Ontological-Hysteric Theater in the East Village, Manhattan of New York City.
Awards
2006 AUDELCO Viv Award-winner
2006 Jerome Hill Travel and Study grant to Ghana, West Africa, in order to study the experiences of slaves in the African slave trade and Atlantic slave trade routes. Two works will be created: The first is the kinesthetic based EGRESS, an abstraction of the Jean-Paul Sartre play No Exit, which explores the subconscious of contemporary culture and relationships, refracting an expansive notion of “blackness”. The second work, Childr’n of O, examines the voice and image of an iconic Black woman figure. The project uses seven characters, utilizing poetic text, the deconstruction of television and Internet cultural symbolism, and the use of gesture language and multimedia projections.
McKnight Foundation Choreography Fellowship
Nadine Blacklock Nature Sanctuary Fellowship
References
External links
Dance companies in New York City
African-American dance
1997 establishments in New York City |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homegroup | Homegroup may refer to:
Cell group, a church organization
Windows HomeGroup, a home network feature that was introduced in Windows 7 and removed from Windows 10 version 1803 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Xylene%20%28data%20page%29 | This page provides supplementary chemical data on p-xylene.
Material Safety Data Sheet
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet (MSDS) for this chemical from a reliable source and follow its directions.
MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC.
Structure and properties
Thermodynamic properties
Vapor pressure of liquid
Table data obtained from CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 44th ed.
Distillation data
Spectral data
References
Notes
Bibliography
NIST Standard Reference Database
Xylene
Chemical data pages cleanup |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Dhuey | Michael Joseph Dhuey (born July 20, 1958, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States) is an electrical and computer engineer.
Information
He is chiefly known as the co-creator (with Ron Hochsprung) of the Macintosh II computer in 1987, the first Macintosh computer with expansion slots. He was also one of the two hardware engineers (with Tony Fadell) who developed the hardware for the original iPod in 2001, particularly the battery.
He began programming at age 14 at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee and by age 15 was working professionally as a programmer at Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance. He received his computer engineering degree in 1980 from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He worked at Apple Computer from 1980 to 2005. He is currently employed at Cisco Systems, where he has worked on the Cisco TelePresence remote conferencing system.
Design News nominated him for "Engineer of the Year" in 2006 and 2007.
References
External links
Design News nominees for Engineer of the Year 2006.
Design News nominees for Engineer of the Year 2007.
Design News profile.
1958 births
Living people
Apple Inc. employees
Computer designers
21st-century American engineers
Engineers from Wisconsin
People from Milwaukee
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee alumni
American electrical engineers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFRT-FM | CFRT-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 107.3 FM in Iqaluit, Nunavut.
A community radio station for the city's francophone community, it broadcasts a mix of original programming and syndication from other French radio networks, including the Alliance des radios communautaires du Canada, Ici Radio-Canada Première and Radio France Internationale.
The station was first licensed by the CRTC in 1993 and signed on in March 1994.
References
External links
CFRT 107.3 FM
Frt
Frt
Frt
Frt
Frt
Radio stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in the Northwest Territories |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RawVegas.tv | RawVegas.tv is a defunct video website. RawVegas was first launched on January 19, 2007 and is the first venture for Raw Networks LLC, a Las Vegas-based Internet television studio that creates and produces short form video content exclusively for the Internet. Programming on RawVegas.tv includes a daily mix of content that focuses on Las Vegas, including a daily news show, review shows designed to inform both locals and visitors, regular red carpet interviews, a celebrity gossip beat, a number of comedy programs, wagering shows, a slate of reality series starring Las Vegas personalities and poker players and other programs that display life in Las Vegas.
References
Internet television channels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHAK%20%28AM%29 | CHAK is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 860 AM in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. The station broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network known as CBC North.
History
CHAK was launched in 1947 as a local community station in neighbouring Aklavik on 1230 AM. A new station was built by the CBC in the new town of Inuvik to replace the old station in Aklavik. The new CHAK went on the air on November 26, 1960, on 860. The station was now part of the CBC Northern Radio Service. CHAK received CBC news and topical programs by picking up CBX Edmonton and relaying the broadcast. Tapes recorded in Montreal were also flown in on regular airline flights. Eventually the station was linked into the primary CBC network feed.
The history of CHAK originated prior to 1960 and called itself "CHAK, the friendly voice of the Arctic". According to the Canadian Communications Foundation, the station began broadcasting on 1230 kHz in 1947, mainly for community broadcasts such as church services and special messages to people in the bush and the Arctic. The station was originally operated by the Canadian Army and volunteers, particularly the daughter of the Hudson Bay manager, and was one of Canada's most northerly radio stations. A year later, CHAK was airing CBC's school programs at the request of the Department of Mines and Resources. In 1953, CHAK received federal approval to change frequencies to 1490. It is unknown if the station had moved back to 1230, prior to CHAK's launch in 1960.
Local programming
During the network's primary local programming breaks, CHAK airs the same programs as CFYK-FM in Yellowknife, including The Trailbreaker on weekday mornings, the noon-hour program Northwind, Trail's End in the afternoon, and Northern Air on weekend mornings.
However, the two stations diverge from Radio One network programming in the afternoon, producing separate programming streams for their local First Nations (Gwich'in) and Inuit (Inuvialuit) communities. CHAK airs Nantaii in Gwich'in from 1:00 to 2:00 p.m. and Tusaavik in Inuvialuktun from 3:00 until 4 p.m.
CHAK has two rebroadcasters in Nunavut, both in communities where CFFB, the CBC North station in Iqaluit, also broadcasts. This is done in order to provide CHAK's afternoon Indigenous programming to these communities, as CFFB's afternoon schedule concentrates on programming in Inuktitut.
Transmitters
Notes
In Paulatuk, Tsiigehtchic and Ulukhaktok, CHAK's signal is rebroadcast on transmitters owned by local community groups rather than by the CBC. Three further community transmitters operating on 107.1 in Colville Lake, 107.1 in Sachs Harbour and 100.1 in Old Crow, Yukon are unlicensed by the CRTC under its exemption for low-power community radio undertakings.
Tuktoyaktuk Broadcasting Society opened CFCT on 600 kHz with 1,000 watts at 6:45 p.m. MST, on January 20, 1971. In 2005, CFCT became a rebroadcaster of CHAK, changed frequencies to 1150 kHz and changed its call sign to CBAC. On |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linkage%20%28software%29 | In programming languages, particularly the compiled ones like C, C++, and D, linkage describes how names can or can not refer to the same entity throughout the whole program or one single translation unit.
The static keyword is used in C to restrict the visibility of a function or variable to its translation unit. This is also valid in C++. (C++ 98/03 deprecated this usage in favor of anonymous namespaces, but is no longer deprecated in C++ 11.) Also, C++ implicitly treats any const namespace-scope variable as having internal linkage unless it is explicitly declared extern, unlike C.
A name's linkage is related to, but distinct from, its scope. The scope of a name is the part of a translation unit where it is visible. For instance, a name with global scope (which is the same as file-scope in C and the same as the global namespace-scope in C++) is visible in any part of the file. Its scope will end at the end of the translation unit, whether or not that name has been given external or internal linkage.
If the name has external linkage, the entity that name denotes may be referred to from another translation unit using a distinct declaration for that same name, and from other scopes within the same translation unit using distinct declarations. Were the name given internal linkage, such a declaration would denote a distinct entity, although using the same name, but its entity could be referred to by distinct declarations within the same translation unit. A name that has no linkage at all cannot be referred to from declarations in different scopes, not even from within the same translation unit. Examples of such names are parameters of functions and local variables. The details differ between C (where only objects and functions - but not types - have linkage) and C++ and between this simplified overview.
Linkage between languages must be done with some care, as different languages adorn their external symbols differently.
A common idiom uses extern "C" to link C++ and C code.
Linkage in C
Definition of 'linkage' quoted from ISO/IEC 9899:TC3 (C99 Standard). C uses the term "identifier" where this article uses "name" (the latter of which is what C++ uses to formalize linkage):
An identifier declared in different scopes or in the same scope more than once can be made to refer to the same object or function by a process called linkage.
The following is a common example of linkage:
/* file demo1.c */
/* extern */ void foo(void); /* extern optional - it's the default */
int main(void)
{
foo();
return 0;
}
/* file demo2.c */
void foo(void)
{
...
}
Function foo is declared in two files, with its function body defined in demo2.c. Via linkage, foo called in main() inside demo1.c refers to foo in demo2.c. This is an example of external linkage for a function.
See also
Application binary interface (ABI)
Compatibility of C and C++
Linker (computing)
Name mangling
References
C (programming language)
Compilers
Programming langua |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Wilkinson | Lisa Wilkinson is an Australian television presenter, journalist, and magazine editor. Wilkinson has previously co-hosted the Nine Network's breakfast television program, Today, with Karl Stefanovic (2007–2017), Weekend Sunrise on the Seven Network (2005–2007), and The Project on Network Ten (2018–2022). she narrates Ambulance Australia,
Career
Magazines
Dolly
Wilkinson was born in Wollongong, but grew up in Campbelltown, in Sydney's Western Suburbs and attended Campbelltown High School (now Campbelltown Performing Arts High School). She began her career working for the magazine Dolly. At age 21, she was offered the job as its editor. During her time there she became known for discovering young female talent, including a then-unknown Nicole Kidman.
Cleo
After tripling the magazine's circulation, she was personally approached by Kerry Packer to become editor of Australian Consolidated Press women's lifestyle magazine, Cleo. One of her first acts was to remove the magazine's infamous male centrefold. During her time as editor, she mentored up and coming journalists such as Mia Freedman and Deborah Thomas.
Over ten years Wilkinson became the title's longest-serving editor, and during her tenure there was unprecedented circulation growth for the magazine. Wilkinson went on to become Cleo's International Editor-in-Chief as it opened title in New Zealand and Asia.
Australian Women's Weekly
From 1999 to 2007, Wilkinson was Editor-At-Large of The Australian Women's Weekly.
Huffington Post
In August 2015 Wilkinson was asked by Arianna Huffington to become the Australian Editor-at-large of The Huffington Post. A role she held until 2018.
Television
Her television career began in the late 1990s when she became a regular panelist on Network Ten and Foxtel's Beauty and the Beast. During the 2000 Summer Olympics, she (along with Duncan Armstrong) co-hosted The Morning Shift on the Seven Network.
Weekend Sunrise
In April 2005, Wilkinson began hosting Weekend Sunrise on the Seven Network with Chris Reason, and later with Andrew O'Keefe.
Today
On 10 May 2007, it was confirmed that Wilkinson was to co-host Today on the Nine Network after Jessica Rowe left the network and she began appearing on Today on 28 May 2007. This was Stefanovic's fifth female co-host in just over two years. In 2016, the duo took the show to number one in the breakfast TV wars for the first time in 12 years.
On 16 October 2017, Wilkinson resigned from the Nine Network and Today due to a contract dispute with nine management over the significant gender pay gap that existed between her and long-time cohost Karl Stefanovic. after ten years with the network, effective immediately.
Wilkinson herself announced she was leaving on Twitter and then just over an hour later announced on Twitter that she was joining Channel Ten.
In her 2021 memoir, It Wasn't Meant to Be Like This, Wilkinson revealed that she had been sacked over her request for a fairer pay structure at the Network.
The P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AERONET | AERONET - the AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) is a network of ground-based sun photometers which measure atmospheric aerosol properties. The measurement system is a solar-powered CIMEL Electronique 318A spectral radiometer that measures Sun and sky radiances at
a number of fixed wavelengths within the visible and near-infrared spectrum. There is one sea-based reading location aboard the E/V Nautilus, the exploration vessel operated by Dr. Robert Ballard and the Sea Research Foundation. Two readings per day are taken aboard the ship while it is in operation.
AERONET provides continuous cloud-screened observations of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), precipitable water, and inversion aerosol products in diverse aerosol
regimes. Inversion products are retrieved from almucantar scans of radiance as a function of scattering angle and include products such as aerosol volume size distribution, aerosol complex refractive index, optical absorption (single scattering albedo) and the aerosol scattering phase function. All these products represent an average of the total aerosol column within the atmosphere.
The aerosol properties are retrieved via an inversion algorithm developed by Dubovik and King (2000).
Further algorithms were developed, for example, by Dubovik et al. (2006) to take into account non-spherical shapes of aerosol particles such as mineral dust.
AERONET is an observing system in the NOAA Observing System Architecture.
See also
Aerosol
Angstrom exponent
References
Holben B.N., T.F. Eck, I. Slutsker, D. Tanré, J.P. Buis, A. Setzer, E. Vermote, J.A. Reagan, Y. Kaufman, T. Nakajima, F. Lavenu, I. Jankowiak, and A. Smirnov, 1998: AERONET - A federated instrument network and data archive for aerosol characterization, Rem. Sens. Environ., 66, 1-16.
Dubovik, O. and M. D. King, 2000: A flexible inversion algorithm for retrieval of aerosol optical properties from Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 673-20 696.
Dubovik, O., A. Sinyuk, T. Lapyonok, B. N. Holben, M. Mishchenko, P. Yang, T. F. Eck, H. Volten, O. Munoz, B. Veihelmann, W. J. van der Zande, J-F Leon, M. Sorokin, and I. Slutsker, 2006: Application of spheroid models to account for aerosol particle nonsphericity in remote sensing of desert dust. J. Geophys. Res., 111, .
External links
NASA Goddard AERONET site
Meteorological data and networks
Aerosol measurement |
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