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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%201995 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 1995:
External links and references
Argentine films of 1995 at the Internet Movie Database
1995
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%201996 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 1996:
External links and references
Argentine films of 1996 at the Internet Movie Database
1996
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%201997 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 1997:
Images
See also
1997 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 1997 at the Internet Movie Database
1997
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%201998 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 1998:
See also
1998 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 1998 at the Internet Movie Database
1997
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CUBIC%20TCP | CUBIC is a network congestion avoidance algorithm for TCP which can achieve high bandwidth connections over networks more quickly and reliably in the face of high latency than earlier algorithms. It helps optimize long fat networks.
In 2006, the first CUBIC implementation was released in Linux kernel 2.6.13. Since kernel version 2.6.19, CUBIC replaces BIC-TCP as the default TCP congestion control algorithm in the Linux kernel.
MacOS adopted TCP CUBIC with the OS X Yosemite release in 2014, while the previous release OS X Mavericks still used TCP New Reno.
Microsoft adopted it by default in Windows 10.1709 Fall Creators Update (2017), and Windows Server 2016 1709 update.
Characteristics
CUBIC is a less aggressive and more systematic derivative of BIC TCP, in which the window size is a cubic function of time since the last congestion event, with the inflection point set to the window size prior to the event. Because it is a cubic function, there are two components to window growth. The first is a concave portion where the window size quickly ramps up to the size before the last congestion event. Next is the convex growth where CUBIC probes for more bandwidth, slowly at first then very rapidly. CUBIC spends a lot of time at a plateau between the concave and convex growth region which allows the network to stabilize before CUBIC begins looking for more bandwidth.
Another major difference between CUBIC and many earlier TCP algorithms is that it does not rely on the cadence of RTTs to increase the window size. CUBIC's window size is dependent only on the last congestion event. With earlier algorithms like TCP New Reno, flows with very short round-trip delay times (RTTs) will receive ACKs faster and therefore have their congestion windows grow faster than other flows with longer RTTs. CUBIC allows for more fairness between flows since the window growth is independent of RTT.
Algorithm
CUBIC increases its window to be real-time dependent, not RTT dependent like BIC. The calculation for cwnd (congestion window) is simpler than BIC, too.
Define the following variables:
β: Multiplicative decrease factor
wmax: Window size just before the last reduction
T: Time elapsed since the last window reduction
C: A scaling constant
cwnd: The congestion window at the current time
RFC 8312 indicates the following:
The unit of all window sizes in this document is segments of the maximum segment size (MSS), and the unit of all times is seconds. (Section 4)
β SHOULD be set to 0.7 (Section 4.5)
C SHOULD be set to 0.4 (Section 5)
Then cwnd can be modeled by:
See also
TCP congestion avoidance algorithm
SCTP
Compound TCP
Apart from window based algorithms like Cubic, there are rate based algorithms (including BBR from Google) that works differently using "sending rate" instead of the window
References
External links
BIC & CUBIC Home Page at NC State University.
TCP congestion control |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%201999 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 1999:
See also
1999 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 1999 at the Internet Movie Database
1999
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202000 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2000:
2000
See also
2000 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2000 at the Internet Movie Database
2000
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202001 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2001:
2001
See also
2001 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2001 at the Internet Movie Database
2001
Argentine
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202002 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2002:
See also
2002 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2002 at the Internet Movie Database
2002
Films
Argentine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202003 | This is a list of films produced in Argentina in 2003:
See also
2003 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2003 at the Internet Movie Database
2003
Films
Argentine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202004 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2004:
2004
See also
2004 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2004 at the Internet Movie Database
2004
Films
Argentine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202005 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2005:
See also
2005 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2005 at the Internet Movie Database
2005
Films
Argentine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Argentine%20films%20of%202006 | A list of films produced in Argentina in 2006:
See also
2006 in Argentina
External links and references
Argentine films of 2006 at the Internet Movie Database
2006
Films
Argentine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VEDIT | Vedit is a commercial text editor for 8080/Z-80-based systems, Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS from Greenview Data, Inc.
Vedit was one of the pioneers in visual editing. It used a command set resembling TECO.
History
Vedit (Visual Editor) was created by Ted Green in 1979. It was commercially published by CompuView in 1980 for CP/M operating system running on 8080 / Z80 based computers. When the IBM-PC was introduced, Vedit was one of the first applications available for it in 1982. Versions of Vedit were available for MS-DOS, CP/M-86 and CSP DOS.
During the following years, versions were developed for OS/2, Xenix, SCO Unix and QNX. On QNX, Vedit was supplied as standard editor. Vedit was sold in three versions: Vedit Jr, Vedit and Vedit Plus. Later, the first two were dropped and Vedit Plus was renamed to just Vedit. CompuView was shut down in 1989, but a new company, Greenview Data, continued the development of Vedit starting from 1990. The first Windows version (Vedit Plus 5.0) was published in 1997. 32-bit Windows version (v5.1) was published in 1998. 64-bit Vedit Pro64 was published in 2003. It uses 64-bit addresses and data handling to support files larger than 2GB, but does not require a 64-bit processor or 64-bit OS.
Development and marketing of Unix, QNX etc. versions were gradually stopped. DOS-version has still been developed in parallel with Windows version and both have the same functions (as much as possible). DOS version is no longer sold separately or supported, but it is still packaged with the Windows versions. On February 2008, Greenview Data announced that the old CP/M and CP/M-86 versions of Vedit can be freely shared.
With version 6.20.1 (May 2011) the old Windows Help system was replaced with HTML Help system in to support 64-bit versions of Windows (Windows Vista, Windows 7, Windows 8/8.1 and Windows 10).
Greenview Data, Inc was purchased in March of 2017, by Zix Corp. The status of Vedit is unknown at this time, but there has not been an update since 2015.
Technology
The CP/M and DOS versions of Vedit were written entirely in Assembly language.
The Windows version was written mostly in Assembly, but the user interface has been written in C.
Vedit uses its own file buffering which is faster than the virtual memory of Windows. When editing large files, only part of the file is loaded in the memory at a time and temporary files are created only as needed.
Thus, dozens of gigabyte files can be open simultaneously on 32-bit Windows.
Features
Vedit can edit any readable file, including database, binary and EBCDIC files and huge files. The largest file size for standard version of Vedit is 2 GB.
DOS, Unix and Mac files can be edited and are automatically detected.
FTP editing allows editing files on remote computer.
Multiple files can be edited using tabbed document interface or Multiple document interface or any mixture of them.
Vedit has project support. Opening a project automatically loads all the files, fil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Council%20for%20Polish%20Culture | The American Council for Polish Culture (ACPC) is a national non-profit, charitable, cultural and educational organization that serves as a network and body of national leadership among affiliated Polish-American cultural organizations throughout the United States.
History
Founded in 1948 in Detroit as the American Council of Polish Cultural Clubs, by early 2000s the Council currently represented the interests of some 35 to 40 affiliated organizations located in the United States. Its oldest affiliated organization, the Polish Arts Club of Chicago, was established in 1928.
ACPC is currently headquartered in Grosse Pointe Park, Michigan.
American Center of Polish Culture
In 1989 the ACPC established the American Center of Polish Culture which opened its doors in 1991 in Washington, D.C. The American Center of Polish Culture has, primarily, an educational function providing programs and exhibitions, but it also acts as a central point for the lobbying activities of the ACPC. The first director, taking office in 1991, was Dr. Kaya Mirecka-Ploss, who was then president of the ACPC.
Awards, scholarships, etc.
Currently ACPC offers the following scholarship opportunities:
- The Eye of the Eagle:
Wladyslaw Zachariasiewicz Memorial Scholarship for American students of Polish descent, and those interested in Poland, pursuing a career in journalism and/or mass media communications.
- ACPC Summer Study Scholarship:
For American students of Polish descent to participate in a summer study program at any one of Poland's fine universities or other institutions that offer such programs.
- Pulaski Scholarship for Advanced Studies:
$5,000 for graduate students of Polish descent enrolled at an accredited university in the United States, who have completed at least one year of studies at the graduate level.
- Leonard Skowronski Polish Studies Scholarship:
For students pursuing some Polish studies (major may be in other fields) at universities in the United States, who have completed at least two years of college or university work at an accredited institution.
Affiliate organizations
Connecticut
Polish American Cultural Society of Stamford
Polish Cultural Club of Greater Hartford
District of Columbia
Polish American Arts Association of Washington DC
Florida
Citrus County Polish Heritage Club
American Institute of Polish Culture, Pinellas County
Illinois
Polish Arts Club of Chicago
Indiana
Chopin Fine Arts Club, South Bend
Massachusetts
Polish Cultural Foundation, Boston
Michigan
Friends of Polish Art, Detroit
Minnesota
Polish American Cultural Institute of Minnesota
Missouri
Polish American Society of Metro St. Louis
New Jersey
Polish Arts Club of Trenton Founded 1946
New York
Kopernik Polish Cultural Society
Kopernik Memorial Assoc. of Central New York
Polish Arts Club, Elmira
Polish Heritage Club of Syracuse, Inc.
Polish Heritage Society of Rochester
Ohio
Cleveland Society of Poles
Jamestown Colony of Poles, Cleveland
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redial | Redial may refer to:
Dialling again
Automatic redial in telecommunication
REDIAL (European Network of Information and Documentation on Latin America), the European organization
Of or concerning a redia, a stage in the development of a trematode |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Charlton%20Comics%20publications | This is a list of Charlton Comics publications.
References
External links
Charlton Comics at the Big Comic Book DataBase
Atomic Rabbit at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 7, 2012.
Charlton |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20Petiet | Jules Petiet (5 August 1813 – 29 January 1871) was a French mechanical engineer who worked on the early development of the French railway network. He was the Chief Engineer of the Chemins de Fer du Nord from 1845, and became a locomotive engineer from 1848. From 1868 until his death, he was head of the prestigious engineering school École Centrale Paris, of which he was also a graduate.
Petiet's name is one of the 72 names inscribed on the Eiffel tower. A street in Paris, rue Petiet (at Épinettes, 17th district) is named in his honour.
Locomotives
Petiet expanded the fleet of Nord locomotives from 187 at his appointment in 1848 to 841 at his death in 1871.
He designed a class of 0-8-0T locomotives known as Fortes Rampes; and built 20 even bigger 0-6-6-0 tank engines. Looking like a pair of 0-6-0s back-to-back, they had a long-rigid chassis. They were not as powerful as anticipated, and Petiet's successor rebuilt them into forty 0-6-0T locomotives.
He introduced the Crampton locomotive to the Nord (and France), and developed an A3A (0-2-6-2-0) Crampton-style tank locomotive. Nicknamed "Camels", eight were built, but they soon were sold to the Nord's Belgian subsidiary Nord-Belge
References
1813 births
1871 deaths
École Centrale Paris alumni
French engineers
Chemins de Fer du Nord |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LabelMe | LabelMe is a project created by the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) which provides a dataset of digital images with annotations. The dataset is dynamic, free to use, and open to public contribution. The most applicable use of LabelMe is in computer vision research. As of October 31, 2010, LabelMe has 187,240 images, 62,197 annotated images, and 658,992 labeled objects.
Motivation
The motivation behind creating LabelMe comes from the history of publicly available data for computer vision researchers. Most available data was tailored to a specific research group's problems and caused new researchers to have to collect additional data to solve their own problems. LabelMe was created to solve several common shortcomings of available data. The following is a list of qualities that distinguish LabelMe from previous work.
Designed for recognition of a class of objects instead of single instances of an object. For example, a traditional dataset may have contained images of dogs, each of the same size and orientation. In contrast, LabelMe contains images of dogs in multiple angles, sizes, and orientations.
Designed for recognizing objects embedded in arbitrary scenes instead of images that are cropped, normalized, and/or resized to display a single object.
Complex annotation: Instead of labeling an entire image (which also limits each image to containing a single object), LabelMe allows annotation of multiple objects within an image by specifying a polygon bounding box that contains the object.
Contains a large number of object classes and allows the creation of new classes easily.
Diverse images: LabelMe contains images from many different scenes.
Provides non-copyrighted images and allows public additions to the annotations. This creates a free environment.
Annotation Tool
The LabelMe annotation tool provides a means for users to contribute to the project. The tool can be accessed anonymously or by logging into a free account. To access the tool, users must have a compatible web browser with JavaScript support. When the tool is loaded, it chooses a random image from the LabelMe dataset and displays it on the screen. If the image already has object labels associated with it, they will be overlaid on top of the image in polygon format. Each distinct object label is displayed in a different color.
If the image is not completely labeled, the user can use the mouse to draw a polygon containing an object in the image. For example, in the adjacent image, if a person was standing in front of the building, the user could click on a point on the border of the person, and continue clicking along the outside edge until returning to the starting point. Once the polygon is closed, a bubble pops up on the screen which allows the user to enter a label for the object. The user can choose whatever label the user thinks best describes the object. If the user disagrees with the previous labeling of the image, the user can click |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media%20in%20Minot%2C%20North%20Dakota | The following is a list of media in Minot, North Dakota, United States:
Minot has several media outlets but little local content. Aside from some local news programming, virtually no mass media content originates from Minot. The local media tends to rebroadcast Bismarck television stations and republish network and wire reports rather than maintain a strong local focus.
Radio
Minot has 15 radio stations (12 FM, 3 AM). Bottineau-based Programmers Broadcasting owns KTZU and KWGO, along with KBTO of Bottineau. North Dakota Public Radio operates a full power FM station, a community broadcaster based in nearby Burlington, ND operates a low-power FM station, and the remainder are nonprofit Christian stations, of which only KHRT is based locally.
Clear Channel Communications owns the rest. In May 2007 it was announced that Clear Channel sold the Minot group to Dean Goodman's GoodRadio, LLC. It was confirmed on May 16, 2007 by filings made public with the FCC. Then in the next couple of months, GoodRadio's plans fell through when its financing group, American Securities Capital Partners, objected to the deal's $452 million cost.
AM band
910 KCJB - "91 Country" Country/Talk
1320 KHRT - "K-Heart" Gospel Music
1390 KRRZ - "Cars" Classic Hits
FM band
88.9 KMPR - Prairie Public
91.1 K220GC - HBN Radio Christian
91.9 K220GC - Air1 Christian
93.7 KIZZ - "Z94" CHR/Top 40
94.9 KTZU - "The Zoo" Classic rock
97.1 KYYX - "97 Kicks" Country
98.1 KOWW-LP - "The Cowlip" eclectic community broadcaster
99.9 KMXA-FM - "Mix 99.9" AC
100.7 KNDL - K-Love Christian
102.9 KWGO - "W-G-O" Country
104.1 KSAF-LP - 3ABN Radio Christian
105.3 KZPR - "The Fox" Active Rock
106.9 KHRT - "K-Heart" Christian
Other stations
Additionally, the following stations are not based in Minot but generally have a clear signal into town:
550 AM KFYR - "K-Fire" from Bismarck (News/Talk/Sports)
710 AM KXMR - "The Fan" also from Bismarck (Sports)
1410 AM KDKT - "Fox Sports Radio 1410" also from Bismarck (Sports)
101.9 FM KBTO - "Sunny 101.9" from Bottineau (Country)
Television
Over the air
Minot has six television stations, most of which have ATSC (digital) transmitters:
6 KSRE - Prairie Public Television (PBS) (ATSC 15)
10 KMOT - NBC
13 KXMC - CBS
14 KMCY - ABC
21 K21GQ - The Church Channel
24 KNDM - Fox
Cable television
Midcontinent Communications provides cable service to the city of Minot and Minot Air Force Base. Souris River Telecommunications provides cable service to other nearby communities.
Print
The principal local newspaper is the Minot Daily News, which publishes seven days a week. The Minot State University student newspaper The Red & Green is published once a week (Thursdays) during the regular school year, but not during the summer months. Morgan Printing produces the Lunch Letter three days a week on a double-sided leaflet. There are also two weekly classified-ad publications, the Trading Post, printed by the Daily News, and The Finder, printed by the Bismarck Tribune. Th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaetoprocta | Chaetoprocta is a genus of butterflies in the family Lycaenidae.
Species
Listed alphabetically:
Chaetoprocta baileyi Forster, 1980 Nepal
Chaetoprocta kurumi Fujioka, 1970 Nepal
Chaetoprocta odata (Hewitson, 1865)
References
Theclini
Lycaenidae genera
Taxa named by Lionel de Nicéville |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miruru | Miruru is a name that can refer to:
Miruru, an artificial intelligence from the anime Onegai Teacher
Miruru, a character from the third Sgt. Frog anime movie |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KWAK%20%28AM%29 | KWAK (1240 AM) is a radio station broadcasting an oldies format. Licensed to Stuttgart, Arkansas, United States, the station is currently owned by Arkansas County Broadcasters, Inc.
Programming
Along with its usual oldies programming, KWAK is an affiliate of the Tennessee Titans radio network.
History
KWAK began broadcasting in May 1948 on 1240 kHz with 250 W power (full-time). Owned by Arkansas Airwaves Company, it was a Mutual affiliate and was "fed many programs from KXLR, North Little Rock, a sister station."
References
External links
WAK
Stuttgart, Arkansas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith%20Z-100 | The Z-100 computer is a personal computer made by Zenith Data Systems (ZDS). It was a competitor to the IBM PC.
Design
The Zenith Data Systems Z-100 is a pre-assembled version of the Heathkit H100 electronic kit. In the same family, the Z-120 is an all-in-one model with self-contained monitor, and the Z-110 (called the low profile model) is similar in size to the cabinet of an IBM PC. Both models have a built-in keyboard that was modeled after the IBM Selectric typewriter.
Dual processors: 8085 and 8088.
Available with CP/M and Z-DOS (non-IBM compatible MS-DOS variant).
Five S-100 expansion slots.
Two 320 KB 40-track double-sided 5.25-inch floppy disk drives. Socket enabled direct plug-in of external 8-inch floppies.
2× serial ports (2661 UART), one Centronics printer port (discrete TTL chips), light pen port.
640×225 bitmap display. 8 colors (low-profile model), or monochrome upgradable to 8 greyscales (all-in-one).
Base 128 KB RAM, expandable to 192 KB on board, to 768 KB with S-100 cards. (Video RAM was paged into the 64 KB block above 768 KB).
The Z-100 is partially compatible with the IBM PC, using standard floppy drives. It runs a non-IBM version of MS-DOS, so generic MS-DOS programs run, but most commercial PC software use IBM BIOS extensions and do not run, including Lotus 1-2-3. Several companies offered software or hardware solutions to permit unmodified PC programs to work on the Z-100.
The Z-100 has unusually good graphics for its era, superior to the contemporary CGA (640×200 monochrome bitmap or 320×200 4-color), IBM Monochrome Display Adapter (MDA) (80×25 monochrome text-only), and with 8 colors or grayscales available at a lower resolution than the Hercules Graphics Card (720×348 monochrome). Early versions of AutoCAD were released for the Z-100 because of these advanced graphics.
Aftermarket vendors also released modifications to upgrade mainboard memory and permit installation of an Intel 8087 math coprocessor.
Uses
In 1983, Clarkson College of Technology (now Clarkson University) became the first college in the nation to give each incoming freshman a personal computer. The model issued to them was the Z-100.
In 1986, the US Air Force awarded Zenith Data Systems a $242 million contract for 90,000 Z-100 desktop computers.
Reception
Jerry Pournelle in 1983 praised the Z-100's keyboard, and wrote that it "had the best color graphics I've seen on a small machine". Although forced to buy a real IBM PC because of the Z-100 and other computers' incomplete PC compatibility, he reported in December 1983 that a friend who was inexperienced with electronic kits was able to assemble a Z-100 in a day, with only the disk controller needing soldering. Ken Skier praised the computer's reliability in the magazine in January 1984 after using the computer for more than 40 hours a week for eight months. While criticizing its inability to read other disk formats, he approved of Zenith's technical support, documentation, and keyboar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20NewsStand | CNN NewsStand is a project to create CNN programming associated with publications owned by Time Warner, shortly after CNN owner Turner Broadcasting System had been bought by Time Warner. The second "S" in "NewsStand" was not capitalized consistently even within Time Warner. In its original concept, NewsStand would feature an in-depth program each weeknight, assuming a report was available, branded as combining CNN with a Time Warner magazine.
The CNN Newsstand name has been used since 2008 for airport retail stores run by Hudson Group.
CNN & Time
The first and best-known NewsStand combination was titled CNN & Time, or sometimes NewsStand: CNN & Time. It was heavily promoted in advance as a joint project between CNN and Time magazine and the first major example of "synergy" in the Time-Warner merger.
The NewsStand series' debut episode, broadcast on 1997-06-07, was a CNN & Time presentation, "Valley of Death", a highly controversial report that accused the United States military of using sarin gas in Operation Tailwind during the Vietnam War. After almost a month of further investigations, CNN declared that it has insufficient evidence to run the story, and both CNN and Time were forced to retract the story in full on 1997-07-02. CNN's retraction further stated that "CNN alone bears responsibility for both the television reports and for the printed article in the June 15 issue of Time magazine."
The series continued for a few years under various names, such as CNN Impact, trying to shake its reputation from the first episode.
Other NewsStands
CNN briefly ran other types of NewsStand programs, including CNN & Fortune and CNN & Entertainment Weekly. Another example of CNN-Time Warner synergy was People in the News, a TV show billed as being with People magazine.
See also
— larger section about "Valley of Death" and its consequences
People in the News
References
External links
"CNN retracts Tailwind coverage" — report and text of the retraction of "Valley of Death"
1997 American television series debuts
CNN original programming
Time (magazine) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRC | QRC may refer to:
Qatar Red Crescent
Quebec Railway Corporation
Quick Response Code (QR Code)
Quick Reference Card
Quick-release coupling
Queen's Royal College
Quantum Reservoir Computing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201950 | The following is a list of films produced in Italy during 1950 (see 1950 in film):
A-B
C-K
L-P
Q-Z
Documentaries
References
External links
Italian films of 1950 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1950 films by country or language
1950
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201951 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1951 (see 1951 in film):
List of films (in alphabetical order)
A
B–D
E–L
M–Q
S–Z
Notes
External links
Italian films of 1951 at the Internet Movie Database
Films
Italian
1951 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201952 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1952 (see 1952 in film):
A-F
G-N
O-Z
Documentaries and Shorts
References
External links
Italian films of 1952 at the Internet Movie Database
Italian
1952
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201954 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1954 (see 1954 in film):
A-B
C-F
G-I
J-M
N-P
Q-S
T-Z
References
External links
Italian films of 1954 at the Internet Movie Database
Italian
1954
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Sinhala%20software | Sinhala language software for computers have been present since the late 1980s (Samanala written in C) but no standard character representation system was put in place which resulted in proprietary character representation systems and fonts. In the wake of this CINTEC (Computer and Information Technology Council of Sri Lanka) introduced Sinhala within the UNICODE (16‑bit character technology) standard. ICTA concluded the work started by CINTEC for approving and standardizing Sinhala Unicode in Sri Lanka.
Timeline
1980–1989
1985
CINTEC establishes a committee for the use of Sinhala & Tamil in Computer Technology.
1987
"DOS WordPerfect" Reverend Gangodawila Soma Thero, who was the chief incumbent at the Springvale Buddhist temple in Melbourne, Australia asked the Lay members of the temple to produce a Monthly Newsletter for the temple in Sinhala, called "Bodu Puwath". A lay person named Jayantha de Silva developed two HP PCL Sinhala fonts called Lihil and an intelligent Phonetic keyboard that was able to select letters based on context, together with a printer driver and screen fonts. All this was possible because the utilities to create the keyboard and printer driver were supplied with WordPerfect. It was easy to use and was installed in many PCs owned by lay members and in the temple PC for typing articles. The program fell into disuse after Windows came online in 1990 as it did not support the WordPerfect macro keyboard.
1988
"Super77" First trilingual word processor (DOS based) initially developed at "Super Bits Computer Systems", Katunayake and further improved up to the commercial level at IFS kandy (by Rohan Manamudali & Sampath Godamunne, under Prof. Cyril Ponnamperuma). Later it was named as "THIBUS Trilingual Software System" (Windows based).
1989
"WadanTharuwa" (means WordStar in Sinhala) developed by the University of Colombo. It was one of the first commercial Sinhala word processing software products. Gives inspiration to a new generation of developers to pursue further innovation in this field.
1990–1999
1992
True Type Font Set KANDY jointly developed by Niranjan Meegammana and Micheal Gruber as part of project work (German Sri Lankan Co-Operation programme, 1988–1996) to use Sinhala Language in digital navigation charts.
1995
Sarasavi, also developed by the University of Colombo is a new version of WadanTharuwa, the first Trilingual software of its kind.
Thibus for Windows developed by Science Land (Pvt) Ltd. The most successful commercial software. Also includes the first Sinhala/English/Tamil dictionary and word by word translation technology.
Niranjan Meegammana continuing his work introduced New Kandy and several other windows fonts with Sinhala Word, one of the first Sinhala and Tamil word processors.
1996
Sri Lanka CD, A Sinhala Encyclopedia like CD on Sri Lanka developed by Niranjan Meegammana using New Kandy fonts.
1997
Helewadana for Windows developed by Microimage (Pvt) Ltd and Harsha Punasin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201956 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1956 (see 1956 in film):
See also
1956 in Italian television
References
Bibliography
External links
Italian films of 1956 at the Internet Movie Database
1956
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201957 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1957 (see 1957 in film):
Notes
References
External links
Italian films of 1957 at the Internet Movie Database
1957
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201958 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1958 (see 1958 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1959=8 at the Internet Movie Database
1958
Films
Lists of 1958 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201960 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1960 (see 1960 in film):
References
Bibliography
External links
Italian films of 1960 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1960 films by country or language
1960
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201961 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1961 (see 1961 in film):
Notes
References
External links
Italian films of 1961 at the Internet Movie Database
1961
Films
Lists of 1961 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201962 | The following is a sortable list of films produced in Italy in 1962.
See also
1962 in film
Notes
References
External links
Italian films of 1962 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1962 films by country or language
1962
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201963 | Following is a sortable list of films produced in Italy in 1963.
See also
1963 in film
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1963 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1963 films by country or language
1963
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201965 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1965 (see 1965 in film):
See also
1965 in Italian television
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1965 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1965 films by country or language
1965
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201966 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1966 (see 1966 in film):
References
Citations
External links
Italian films of 1966 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1966 films by country or language
1966
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201967 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1967 (see 1967 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1967 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1967 films by country or language
1967
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201968 |
A list of films produced in Italy in 1968 (see 1968 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1968 at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of 1968 films by country or language
1968
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201969 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1969 (see 1969 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1969 at the Internet Movie Database
1969
Films
Lists of 1969 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201970 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1970 (see 1970 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1970 at the Internet Movie Database
1970
Films
Lists of 1970 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnolia%20%C3%97%20soulangeana | Magnolia × soulangeana (Magnolia denudata × Magnolia liliiflora), the saucer magnolia or sometimes the tulip tree, is a hybrid flowering plant in the genus Magnolia and family Magnoliaceae. It is a deciduous tree with large, early-blooming flowers in various shades of white, pink, and purple. It is one of the most commonly used magnolias in horticulture, being widely planted in the British Isles, especially in the south of England; and in the United States, especially the east and west coasts.
Description
Growing as a multistemmed large shrub or small tree, Magnolia × soulangeana has alternate, simple, shiny, dark green oval-shaped leaves on stout stems. Its flowers emerge dramatically on a bare tree in early spring, with the deciduous leaves expanding shortly thereafter, lasting through summer until autumn.
Magnolia × soulangeana flowers are large, commonly 10–20 cm (4–8 in) across, and colored various shades of white, pink, and maroon. An American variety, 'Grace McDade' from Alabama, is reported to bear the largest flowers, with a 35 cm (14 in) diameter, white tinged with pinkish-purple. Another variety, Magnolia × soulangeana 'Jurmag1', is supposed to have the darkest and tightest flowers. The exact timing and length of flowering varies between named varieties, as does the shape of the flower. Some are globular, others a cup-and-saucer shape.
Hybrid origin
Magnolia × soulangeana was initially bred by French plantsman Étienne Soulange-Bodin (1774–1846), a retired cavalry officer in Napoleon's army, at his château de Fromont near Paris. He crossed Magnolia denudata with M. liliiflora in 1820, and was impressed with the resulting progeny's first precocious flowering in 1826.
Many times, Soulange-Bodin is cited as the author of this hybrid name, rarely with a reference to a publication however. If a source is given, it is often an English translation of a French title (see for example Callaway, D.J. (1994), World of Magnolias: 204). Soulange-Bodin certainly did not name the hybrid after himself. The name was proposed by members of the Société Linnéenne de Paris and published by Arsène Thiébaud de Berneaud, the secretary of the society, in Relation de la cinquième fête champêtre célébré le 24 mai 1826 in: Comte-Rendu des Travaux de la Société Linnéenne de Paris 1826: 269.
Cultivation
From France, the hybrid quickly entered cultivation in England and other parts of Europe, and also North America. Since then, plant breeders in many countries have continued to develop this plant, and over a hundred named horticultural varieties (cultivars) are now known.
Magnolia × soulangeana is notable for its ease of cultivation, and its relative tolerance to wind and alkaline soils (two vulnerabilities of many other magnolias).
The cultivar 'Brozzonii' has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.
Gallery
Notes
References
External links
Magnolia x soulangeana images at the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University Plant Image Da |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201971 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1971 (see 1971 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1971 at the Internet Movie Database
1971
Films
Lists of 1971 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201972 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1972 (see 1972 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1972 at the Internet Movie Database
1972
Films
Lists of 1972 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201973 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1973 (see 1973 in film):
Notes
References
External links
Italian films of 1973 at the Internet Movie Database
1973
Films
Lists of 1973 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201974 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1974 (see 1974 in film):
Notes
Footnotes
References
External links
Italian films of 1974 at the Internet Movie Database
Filmografia di Liliana Cavani
1974
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201975 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1975 (see 1975 in film):
Footnotes
References
External links
Italian films of 1975 at the Internet Movie Database
1975
Films
Lists of 1975 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201976 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1976 (see 1976 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1976 at the Internet Movie Database
1976
Films
Lists of 1976 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201977 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1977 (see 1977 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1977 at the Internet Movie Database
1977
Films
Lists of 1977 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201978 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1978 (see 1978 in film):
See also
1978 in Italian television
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1978 at the Internet Movie Database
1978
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201979 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1979 (see 1979 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1979 at the Internet Movie Database
1979
Films
Lists of 1979 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201981 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1981 (see 1981 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1981 at the Internet Movie Database
1981
Films
Lists of 1981 films by country or language |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201982 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1982 (see 1982 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1982 at the Internet Movie Database
1982
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201984 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1984 (see 1984 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1984 at the Internet Movie Database
1984
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201985 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1985 (see 1985 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1985 at the Internet Movie Database
1985
Italin
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201986 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1986 (see 1986 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1986 at the Internet Movie Database
1986
Italina
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201987 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1987 (see 1987 in film):
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1987 at the Internet Movie Database
1987
Lists of 1987 films by country or language
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201988 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1988 (see 1988 in film):
See also
1988 in Italian television
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1988 at the Internet Movie Database
1988
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201989 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1989 (see 1989 in film):
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1989 at the Internet Movie Database
1989
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201990 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1990 (see 1990 in film):
See also
1990 in Italian television
References
External links
Italian films of 1990 at the Internet Movie Database
1990
Lists of 1990 films by country or language
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201991 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1991 (see 1991 in film):
See also
1991 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 1991 at the Internet Movie Database
1991
Lists of 1991 films by country or language
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201992 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1992 (see 1992 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1992 at the Internet Movie Database
1992
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201993 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1993 (see 1993 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1993 at the Internet Movie Database
1993
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201994 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1994 (see 1994 in film):
See also
1994 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 1994 at the Internet Movie Database
1994
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201995 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1995 (see 1995 in film):
See also
1995 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 1995 at the Internet Movie Database
1995
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201996 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1996 (see 1996 in film):
References
Sources
External links
Italian films of 1996 at the Internet Movie Database
1996
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201997 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1997 (see 1997 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1997 at the Internet Movie Database
1997
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201998 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1998 (see 1998 in film):
External links
Italian films of 1998 at the Internet Movie Database
1998
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%201999 | A list of films produced in Italy in 1999 (see 1999 in film):
See also
1999 in Italy
1994 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 1999 at the Internet Movie Database
1999
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202000 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2000 (see 2000 in film):
See also
2000 in Italy
2000 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 2000 at the Internet Movie Database
2000
Italian
Films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202001 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2001 (see 2001 in film):
See also
2001 in Italy
2001 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 2001 at the Internet Movie Database
2001
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202002 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2002 (see 2002 in film):
See also
2002 in Italy
2002 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 2002 at the Internet Movie Database
2002
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202003 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2003 (see 2003 in film):
See also
2003 in Italy
2003 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 2003 at the Internet Movie Database
2003
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202004 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2004 (see 2004 in film):
See also
2004 in Italian television
External links
Italian films of 2004 at the Internet Movie Database
2004
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202005 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2005 (see 2005 in film):
External links
Italian films of 2005 at the Internet Movie Database
2005
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202006 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2006 (see 2006 in film):
External links
Italian films of 2006 at the Internet Movie Database
2006
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Italian%20films%20of%202007 | A list of films produced in Italy in 2007 (see 2007 in film):
External links
Italian films of 2007 at the Internet Movie Database
2007
Films
Italian |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isomap | Isomap is a nonlinear dimensionality reduction method. It is one of several widely used low-dimensional embedding methods. Isomap is used for computing a quasi-isometric, low-dimensional embedding of a set of high-dimensional data points. The algorithm provides a simple method for estimating the intrinsic geometry of a data manifold based on a rough estimate of each data point’s neighbors on the manifold. Isomap is highly efficient and generally applicable to a broad range of data sources and dimensionalities.
Introduction
Isomap is one representative of isometric mapping methods, and extends metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) by incorporating the geodesic distances imposed by a weighted graph. To be specific, the classical scaling of metric MDS performs low-dimensional embedding based on the pairwise distance between data points, which is generally measured using straight-line Euclidean distance. Isomap is distinguished by its use of the geodesic distance induced by a neighborhood graph embedded in the classical scaling. This is done to incorporate manifold structure in the resulting embedding. Isomap defines the geodesic distance to be the sum of edge weights along the shortest path between two nodes (computed using Dijkstra's algorithm, for example). The top n eigenvectors of the geodesic distance matrix, represent the coordinates in the new n-dimensional Euclidean space.
Algorithm
A very high-level description of Isomap algorithm is given below.
Determine the neighbors of each point.
All points in some fixed radius.
K nearest neighbors.
Construct a neighborhood graph.
Each point is connected to other if it is a K nearest neighbor.
Edge length equal to Euclidean distance.
Compute shortest path between two nodes.
Dijkstra's algorithm
Floyd–Warshall algorithm
Compute lower-dimensional embedding.
Multidimensional scaling
Extensions of ISOMAP
LandMark ISOMAP (L-ISOMAP): Landmark-Isomap is a variant of Isomap which is faster than Isomap. However, the accuracy of the manifold is compromised by a marginal factor. In this algorithm, n << N landmark points are used out of the total N data points and an nxN matrix of the geodesic distance between each data point to the landmark points is computed. Landmark-MDS (LMDS) is then applied on the matrix to find a Euclidean embedding of all the data points.
C Isomap : C-Isomap involves magnifying the regions of high density and shrink the regions of low density of data points in the manifold. Edge weights that are maximized in Multi-Dimensional Scaling(MDS) are modified, with everything else remaining unaffected.
Parallel Transport Unfolding : Replaces the Dijkstra path-based geodesic distance estimates with parallel transport based approximations instead, improving robustness to irregularity and voids in the sampling.
Possible issues
The connectivity of each data point in the neighborhood graph is defined as its nearest k Euclidean neighbors in the high-dimensional space. This s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Davidson%20%28executive%29 | Jennifer Kate Stitt Davidson (1969 – December 1, 2007) was an American businesswoman and Vice President of Cartoon Network until her death in 2007.
Early life
Davidson was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1969. She graduated from Virginia Tech in 1991 with a bachelor's degree in broadcast communications.
Career
Davidson was hired as an operations and production assistant by Cartoon Network in 1993 after the network was launched in 1992. She later served as director of on-air promotion operations and production during Cartoon Network's early years.
Her previous positions included the network's Vice President of marketing, consumer products, ad trade and strategic operations. She was involved in the creation of several Cartoon Network brands. Davidson helped create and launch Cartoon Network's Adult Swim block programming in September 2001. She was also executive producer of Boomerang, Cartoon Network's classic spin-off channel.
Davidson was promoted to Cartoon Network's Senior Vice President of programming and scheduling in September 2007, after over 14 years with the network. She held that position until her death on December 1, 2007.
Davidson had received a number of industry and marketing awards during her time at Cartoon Network. Among her honors was a BDA Gold Award for total package design for her promotion of Boomerang in 2000. Most recently, Davidson was also chosen as a 2007–08 Betsy Magness Leadership Fellow.
Death
Jennifer Davidson died of a sudden illness on December 1, 2007, in Atlanta, Georgia. She was 38 years old and had served as Cartoon Network's Senior Vice President of programming and scheduling for three months at the time of her death. She was survived by her husband, John, three children, and both parents.
References
External links
Multichannel News: Cartoon Network Executive Jennifer Davidson Dies, 38
Hollywood Reporter: Cartoon Net exec Davidson dies at 38
Atlanta-Journal Constitution: Jennifer Davidson, 38, cartoon exec
Cartoon Network SVP Jennifer Davidson Dies at 38
1969 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
20th-century American businesswomen
21st-century American businesswomen
American television executives
Virginia Tech alumni
Cartoon Network executives
Women television executives
Businesspeople from Pittsburgh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Argentine%20Railway | The North Argentine Railway (native name: Ferrocarril Argentino del Norte) was a State-owned railway company which built a (metre gauge) railway network in the Argentine provinces of Catamarca and Córdoba which was later merged with the state-owned Ferrocarril Central Norte in 1909.
On 8 June 1889 a line between Chumbicha and Catamarca in Catamarca Province was opened by the state-owned company "Ferrocarril Chumbicha a Catamarca". Another state company, "Ferrocarril Deán Funes a Chilecito", completed a line between Deán Funes and Paso Viejo on 29 March 1890. The line was then extended to Patquia and finally to La Rioja in 1897.
On 1 January 1898 these two railway companies were renamed "North Argentine Railway" (NAR) and on 23 June of the same year the section from Patquia to Chilecito was opened.
The section from Chumbicha to La Rioja was opened in 1907 and on 11 October 1909, following the creation of the Argentine State Railway ("Ferrocarriles del Estado"), the NAR was merged with the Central Northern Railway.
See also
Central Northern Railway
Belgrano Railway
References
Defunct railway companies of Argentina
Railway companies established in 1898
Railway companies disestablished in 1909
Metre gauge railways in Argentina
n
n
n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpolation%20%28disambiguation%29 | Interpolation is a method of constructing new data points within the range of a discrete set of known data points in the mathematical field of numerical analysis.
Interpolation may also refer to:
Science and technology
Interpolation space, in mathematical analysis, the space "in between" two other Banach spaces
Craig interpolation, in mathematical logic, a result about the relationship between logical theories
Interpolation (computer graphics), the generation of intermediate frames
Image scaling, the resizing of a digital image
Inbetweening, the generation of intermediate video frames
Motion interpolation, a form of video processing
Interpolation theory, an explanation of the alternation of generations in plants
String interpolation, in computing, the substitution of variables by their values
Music
Interpolation (classical music), musical material inserted between two logically succeeding functions
Interpolation (popular music), the inclusion of a re-recorded (rather than sampled) melody from a previous song
Manuscripts
Interpolation (manuscripts), a passage not written by the original author
Christian interpolation, the insertion of Christian text into Jewish or secular manuscripts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jane%20Hillston | Jane Elizabeth Hillston (born 1963) is a British computer scientist who is professor of quantitative modelling and head of school in the School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland.
Early life and education
Hillston received a BA in Mathematics from the University of York in 1985, an MSc in Mathematics from Lehigh University in the United States in 1987 and a PhD in Computer Science from the University of Edinburgh in 1994, where she has spent her subsequent academic career. Her PhD thesis was awarded the BCS/CPHC Distinguished Dissertation Awards in 1995 and has been published by Cambridge University Press.
Research and career
She has been an EPSRC Research Fellow (1994–1995), Lecturer (1995–2001), Reader (2001–2006) and Professor of Quantitative Modelling since 2006. Hillston is a member of the Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science at Edinburgh. In 2018 she was appointed Head of the School of Informatics at Edinburgh, taking over from Johanna Moore.
Jane Hillston is known for her work on stochastic process algebras. In particular, she has developed the PEPA process algebra, and helped develop Bio-PEPA, which is based on the earlier PEPA algebra and is specifically aimed at analyzing biochemical networks.
Since January 1st 2023 Hillston has been Editor-in-Chief of Proceedings of the Royal Society A (the first female Editor-in-Chief in the journal's history). She also serves on the editorial board of Logical Methods in Computer Science; Elsevier Theoretical Computer Science, as one of the editors in the area of Theory of Natural Computing, and as an Associate Editor of ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation (TOMACS).
Honours and awards
In 2004, she received the first Roger Needham Award at the Royal Society in London awarded yearly for a distinguished research contributor in computer research by a UK-based researcher within ten years of their PhD. In March 2007 she was elected to the fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. In 2018, Hillston was elected the membership of the Academia Europaea. In 2018 she was a recipient of the Suffrage Science Award for Computer Science. In 2021 she was awarded the RSE Lord Kelvin Medal.
She led the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics in applying for an Athena SWAN Award, which they subsequently achieved silver in. The award shows that the department provides a "supportive environment" for female students.
Hillston was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 2022.
She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2023 Birthday Honours for services to computer science and women in science.
References
External links
Jane Hillston's home page
Official web page
LFCS web page
1963 births
Living people
British computer scientists
Formal methods people
Alumni of the University of York
Lehigh University alumni
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Bennett | Sue Bennett (born Sue Benjamin; – ) was a vocalist on various network shows during the live television era of the 1940s and 1950s.
The Indianapolis, Indiana-born Bennett majored in English at Syracuse University. She starred on the NBC quiz and variety show, Kay Kyser's College of Musical Knowledge in 1949-50, on the DuMont show Teen Time Tunes in 1949, and was featured on Your Hit Parade in 1951-52.
Bennett's recordings with the Kay Kyser Orchestra include "Sam, The Old Accordion Man," and "Tootsie, Darlin', Angel, Honey, Baby." She also is heard on the CD, An Evening with Frank Loesser (DRG 5169), singing "Fugue for Tinhorns" with Loesser and Milton DeLugg.
Her career is profiled in a book about the period of early television, The Lucky Strike Papers, written by her son, Andrew Lee Fielding (BearManor Media, 2007; Revised ed., 2019). Following her network career, she had an early morning radio program on WEEI in Boston and later had The Sue Bennett Show, a weekly program on Boston's WBZ-TV.
Personal life and death
Bennett was married to Dr. Waldo Fielding, and they had a son, Jed. She died on May 8, 2001, in Brookline, Massachusetts, aged 73.
References
External links
1928 births
2001 deaths
20th-century American singers
20th-century American women singers
Musicians from Indianapolis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preservation%20metadata | Preservation metadata is item level information that describes the context and structure of a digital object. It provides background details pertaining to a digital object's provenance, authenticity, and environment. Preservation metadata, is a specific type of metadata that works to maintain a digital object's viability while ensuring continued access by providing contextual information, usage details, and rights.
As an increasing portion of the world’s information output shifts from analog to digital form, preservation metadata is an essential component of most digital preservation strategies, including digital curation, data management, digital collections management and the preservation of digital information over the long-term. It is an integral part of the data lifecycle and helps to document a digital object’s authenticity while maintaining usability across formats.
Definition of Preservation Metadata
Metadata surrounds and describes physical, digitized, and born-digital information objects. Preservation metadata is external metadata related to a digital object created after a resource has been separated from its original creator, with value-added. The item-level data further stores technical details on the format, structure and uses of a digital resource, along with the history of all actions performed on the resource. These technical details include changes and decisions regarding digitization, migration to other formats, authenticity information such as technical features or custody history, and the rights and responsibilities information. In addition, preservation metadata may include information on the physical condition of a resource.
Preservation metadata is dynamic, accessibility focused, and should provide the following information: details about files and instructions for use, documentation of all updates or actions that have been performed on an object, object provenance and details pertaining to current and future custody; details of the individual(s) who are responsible for the preservation of the object and changes made to it.
Components of Metadata
Provenance: Who has had custody/ownership of the digital object?
Authenticity: Is the digital object what it purports to be?
Preservation activity: What has been done to preserve the digital object?
Technical environment: What is needed to render, interact with and use the digital object?
Rights management: What intellectual property rights must be observed?
Types of Metadata Creation
Automatic (internal)
Manual (often created by a specialist)
Created during digitization
User-contributed
Uses of Preservation Metadata
Digital materials require constant maintenance and migration to new formats to accommodate evolving technologies and varied user needs. In order to survive into the future, digital objects need preservation metadata that exists independently from the systems which were used to create them. Without preservation metadata, digital material will be lost. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higemaru%20Makaijima%20-%20Nanatsu%20no%20Shima%20Daib%C5%8Dken | is an action-adventure game developed for the Famicom and MSX home computer, and released by Capcom in 1987. It is a sequel to a 1984 arcade game developed by Capcom known as Pirate Ship Higemaru. Neither the arcade game, nor this adventure adaptation were released outside Japan, although a prototype exists for a canceled North American NES release, where it was to be renamed Makai Island"/.
In Higemaru Makaijima, the hero from Pirate Ship Higemaru named Momotaru must now pilot his own sailing vessel around the ocean surrounding seven islands. His goal is to find the greatest treasure. To do this, he must collect the keys which open the dock gates to each of the islands by invading several pirate ships and defeating the captain on board in combat. The gameplay on these pirate ships are taken directly from the arcade predecessor, with some small modifications.
Once Momotaru has collected a key from a pirate ship, he must then sail around the islands in search of the correct dock gate which the key corresponds to. Once there, the player embarks on an exploration of the island to find items, defeat a boss, and collect treasures before heading off in search of another island key. The island exploration sections are extremely reminiscent of dungeon exploration aspects of The Legend of Zelda, to which the game is often compared.
External links
Article imported from http://strategywiki.org/w/index.php?title=Higemaru_Makaijima&oldid=579324 under license CC-BY-SA 3.0
1987 video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Nintendo Entertainment System games
MSX2 games
Mobile games
Capcom games
Video games about pirates
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Harumi Fujita |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Azerbaijani%20footballers | This is a complete list of football (soccer) players from Azerbaijan.
The comprehensive listing of the players is according to citizenship and registration in the database of the Association of Football Federations of Azerbaijan.
A
Elgun Abbasli
Asif Abbasov
Aykhan Abbasov
Ramazan Abbasov
Samir Abbasov
Urfan Abbasov
Yasin Abbasov
Araz Abdullayev
Asgar Abdullayev
Elnur Abdullayev
Elshan Abdullayev
Rashad Abdullayev
Elnur Abdulov
Samir Abdulov
Ilgar Abdurakhmanov
Rasim Abishov
Ruslan Abishov
Emin Agaev
Amil Agajanov
Kamran Agayev
Murad Aghakishiyev
Salahat Aghayev
Haji Ahmadov
Tarlan Ahmadov
Huseyn Akhundov
Samir Alakbarov
Ahmad Alaskarov
Elvin Aliyev
Nazim Aliyev
Orkhan Aliyev
Pasha Aliyev
Rauf Aliyev
Samir Aliyev
Elnur Allahverdiyev
Emin Amiraslanov
Rafael Amirbekov
Rahid Amirguliyev
Ruslan Amirjanov
Arif Asadov
B
Tofiq Bahramov
Elmar Bakhshiev
Kamal Bayramov
Ufuk Budak
D
Arif Dashdemirov
Shahin Diniyev
G
Deni Gaisumov
Elshan Gambarov
Gara Garayev
Ibragim Gasanbekov
Zaur Gashimov
Vali Gasimov
Igor Getman
Ali Gökdemir
Rufat Guliev
Aziz Guliyev
Eshgin Guliyev
Farid Guliyev
Ramin Guliyev
Tarlan Guliyev
Amit Guluzade
Gurban Gurbanov
Ilgar Gurbanov
Ilyas Gurbanov
Nijat Gurbanov
Badavi Guseynov
H
Aftandil Hajiyev
Boyukagha Hajiyev
Nizami Hajiyev
Rahman Hajiyev
Namiq Həsənov
Orkhan Hasanov
Jahangir Hasanzade
Zaur Hashimov
Javid Huseynov
Murad Hüseynov
Ramal Huseynov
Saddam Huseynov
Vurğun Hüseynov
Yunis Huseynov
I
Ruslan İdiqov
Emin Imamaliev
Javid Imamverdiyev
Arif İsayev
Tural Isgandarov
Huseyn Isgandarov
Afran Ismayilov
Farrukh Ismayilov
J
Emin Jafarguliyev
Sevinj Jafarzade
Tural Jalilov
Vagif Javadov
K
Rashad Karimov
Aslan Kerimov
Kenan Kerimov
Sahil Kerimov
Shahriyar Khalilov
Tarlan Khalilov
Kurban Kurbanov
M
Murad Megamadov
Jamshid Maharramov
Ruslan Majidov
Rail Malikov
Rail Melikov
Alakbar Mammadov
Aqil Mammadov
Asif Mammadov
Azer Mammadov
Elvin Mammadov
Elshan Mammadov
Ismayil Mammadov
Khagani Mammadov
Nodar Mammadov
Novruz Mammadov
Ramiz Mammadov
Fizuli Mammedov
Emin Mehdiyev
Rauf Mehdiyev
Hüseyn Məhəmmədov
Agaselim Mirjavadov
Javad Mirzaev
Orkhan Mirzaev
Bəxtiyar Musaev
Ruslan Musayev
Samir Musayev
N
Nadir Nabiev
Agil Nabiyev
Vüqar Nadirov
Tural Narimanov
Ramin Nasibov
Anar Nazirov
Aqil Nəbiyev
Adehim Niftaiyev
Nurlan Novruzov
Tagim Novruzov
Ö
Cihan Özkara
Q
Ilkin Qirtimov
Kazemır Qudiyev
Emin Quliyev
Kamal Quliyev
Alim Qurbanov
Mahmud Qurbanov
R
Shahriyar Rahimov
Rasim Ramaldanov
Zaur Ramazanov
Elhan Rasulov
Vidadi Rzayev
S
Rashad Sadiqov
Rashad Sadygov
Vagif Sadygov
Orkhan Safiyaroglu
Murad Sattarly
Ramil Sayadov
Mirhuseyn Seyidov
Ramil Sheydayev
Samadagha Shikhlarov
Mahir Shukurov
Nadir Shukurov
Narvik Sirkhayev
Bakhtiyar Soltanov
Nazim Suleymanov
Jeyhun Sultanov
Elman Sultanov
T
Akif Taghiyev
Javid Tagiyev
Ruslan Tagizade
Zaur Tagizade
Kazbek Tuaev
U
Rizv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z39.87 | ANSI/NISO Z39.87 is a standard which defines a set of metadata elements for raster digital images. The purpose is to help in the development, exchange and interpretation of digital images. The dictionary functions of this standard assist in the interoperability between systems, services, and software. It is also an aid in the long-term management of and continuing access to digital image collections.
See also
Metadata standards
Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS)
Bibliography
NISO standard publication: , ANSI Approval Date: 12/18/06
External links
ANSI/NISO Z39.87 - 2006, Data Dictionary - Technical Metadata for Digital Still Images
Library of Congress
Graphics file formats
Metadata standards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Friday%20Night%20Lights%20characters | Friday Night Lights is an American television drama that aired on NBC and DirecTV (The 101 Network) between 2006 and 2011 based on the book of the same name. The show, set in the fictional town of Dillon, Texas, is about a varsity high school football team. Many of the people in the book have been adapted into similar characters.
Cast
Main characters
Eric Taylor (Kyle Chandler) — The varsity football coach of the Dillon Panthers, based on real-life coach Gary Gaines. Like Gaines, Taylor is the new coach who struggles adjusting to the intensity that Dillon shows for football. Taylor is often conflicted with the advice he is given by local supporters of the team. After the team advances to the state tournament at the end of Season 1 under his leadership, Taylor leaves Dillon to accept a higher level job at a college, also in Texas, only to return to Dillon early in Season 2. At the end of Season 3, a series of political moves result in Taylor losing his job and moving to the re-opened, and much more poorly-funded East Dillon High. Eric rebuilds the program at East Dillon and leads them to a State Championship before moving to Philadelphia to support Tami at the end of the series.
Tami Taylor (Connie Britton) — The wife of Eric Taylor and mother of Julie Taylor. She begins the series as the guidance counselor at Dillon High School. At the start of Season 2 she gives birth to another baby girl, Gracie Belle, and in Season 3 she becomes principal of the school, remaining there after her husband moves to East Dillon in Season 4. After the conservative community demands an apology from Tami regarding an incident that involved an abortion, Tami resigns as school principal and intends to become the guidance counselor at East Dillon. In Season 5, she is offered the position of Dean of Admissions for the fictional Braemore College in Philadelphia, which she eventually accepts in the series finale.
Julie Taylor (Aimee Teegarden) — The older daughter of Eric and Tami Taylor. She begins the series as a freshman at Dillon High School and becomes the girlfriend of Matt Saracen. In Season 4, despite having earned an interview at Boston College, Julie ultimately turns down the offer, realizing that her heart remains in Dillon. In the season finale Julie and Matt break up and go their separate ways. However, their paths cross once again in Season 5 when Julie goes to Chicago to see Matt after making some bad decisions. During her visit, they kiss and Matt gives Julie the belief that she should stop running from what she's done wrong. She again leaves and their relationship remains ambiguous. However Matt, spurred on by her visit in Chicago, arrives in Dillon and proposes, and Julie says yes. Eight months later, they are living happily in Chicago at the conclusion of the series.
Matt Saracen (Zach Gilford) — The quarterback/wide receiver of the Dillon Panthers who also becomes the boyfriend of Julie Taylor. He struggles with abandonment, once summing it up as t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow%20%282004%20film%29 | Snow is an American Christmas-themed film starring Tom Cavanagh and Ashley Williams that premiered in 2004 on the ABC television network, and was also shown on the Freeform (formerly ABC Family) cable network later the same year. It was written by Rich Burns and directed by Alex Zamm.
Since 2004, Snow has become a staple on Freeform's annual 25 Days of Christmas programming block.
Plot
Nick Snowden, who is really the son of Santa Claus, falls for Sandy Brooks, a pretty zookeeper who works at The San Ernesto Zoo from which he must rescue Buddy, a young reindeer who has not yet learned to fly. He needs her help to get Buddy out, so he follows her home. Nick meets Lorna, the landlady and owner of the boarding house where Sandy stays. She thinks Nick is a tenant, gets to know him, and lets him stay in the boarding house. Nick meets Hector, whose mother, Isabel, is a postal worker. Hector figures out that Nick is Santa Claus. Nick meets Sandy and falls for her. Sandy falls for him too and is unaware that he is Santa Claus. She helps Nick get Buddy out of the zoo and back to the North Pole. Nick usually teleports himself in and out by mirror, but the only way the mirror works is by using North Pole snow. Buck Seger is a hunter who works at the zoo and has a crush on Sandy. He sees Nick as a rival and researches that Buddy is from the North Pole. He plans to sell Buddy to a big-game hunter. Nick, Sandy, Hector, and Isabel chase Buck all over town and rescue Buddy and send him back to the North Pole. On Christmas, Nick has left Sandy a china doll in her bedroom, and she goes back to The North Pole with him.
Cast
Tom Cavanagh as Nick Snowden
Ashley Williams as Sandy Brooks
Patrick Fabian as Buck Seger
Other cast
Bobb'e J. Thompson as Hector
Jackie Burroughs as Lorna
Leslie "Les" Carlson as Chester
Karen Robinson as Isabel
Paul Bates as Carl
Adam Greydon Reid as Jordan
Dan Willmott as Passenger #1
Bubba as Security Guard #2
Zie Souwand as Boy on Tour Bus
Mark Breanne as Girl on Tour Bus
Andrea Scott as Female Co-worker
Michael Dunston as Man Dressed as Elf
Sequel
The sequel, Snow 2: Brain Freeze, was released on December 14, 2008 as part of ABC Family's 25 Days of Christmas. The main cast from the first film reprise their roles in the sequel.
See also
List of Christmas films
Santa Claus in film
External links
American Christmas films
2004 television films
2004 films
ABC Family original films
Christmas television films
Films directed by Alex Zamm
2000s Christmas films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeknot | LifeKnot was a social networking website with a focus on shared interests and hobbies.
It was founded in November 2003 by Matt Muro, is based in Cambridge, MA and is privately owned.
The site has been noted twice in The Sunday Times, Get clicking with a like-minded stranger,
Social whirl online; the Gothamist, LifeKnot: The New Online Meeting Place; the Denver Post, Internet hookups lead to recreation - and romance; and the Boston Herald.
Features
Members create activity profiles listing their favorite activities and hobbies, in addition to optionally creating a personal profile common to online dating web sites.
Members may perform searches for people that share their interests. LifeKnot can compare members' interests to show members those with whom they share the most in common.
Popular activities on LifeKnot include hiking, mountain biking, camping, star gazing, sushi, photography and frisbee. As of April 2010, the website lists over 1,410 member-suggested activities across 45 categories.
References
American social networking websites
Defunct social networking services
Online dating services of the United States
Internet properties established in 2003 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holiday%20in%20Handcuffs | Holiday in Handcuffs is a 2007 American crime comedy television film that originally aired on ABC Family on December 9 as a part of the network's 25 Days of Christmas programming block. The film stars Melissa Joan Hart, Mario Lopez, Markie Post, Timothy Bottoms, June Lockhart, Kyle Howard and Vanessa Lee Evigan.
Plot
Trudie is an aspiring painter, who is currently working as a restaurant waitress. With the pressure to please her parents building, she misses a job interview, gets dumped by her boyfriend just before Christmas, and she has a nervous breakdown. Stressed about going home for the holidays without a boyfriend, she kidnaps David Martin, a random customer at the restaurant in which she works and introduces him to her parents as her boyfriend, Nick. Trudie's family is vacationing at a very isolated log cabin away from anyone else, so David is unable to escape, although he makes several attempts. He finally decides to play along until the police come, but ultimately falls in love with Trudie and understands the family pressure that made her feel forced to kidnap him in the first place.
During Christmas dinner, the holiday comes to an abrupt end when Trudie's parents begin to fight, her brother Jake announces that he is gay, and her sister Katie says that she has quit law school and bought a Pilates studio with her parents' tuition money. The police then arrive and arrest the family during Christmas dinner, revealing that David is not actually Trudie's boyfriend. Before he was kidnapped, David had a successful job and a beautiful, rich girlfriend; however, during his time with Trudie and her family, he realizes his life has developed into something he did not intend. After the family is released (except for Trudie's grandma Dolores for attempting to resist arrest), when David decides not to press charges, Trudie does not see or hear from David for a few months, but learns that he will be engaged.
Trudie is invited to show her art at a local gallery, which her family attends and she reconciles with them, and is stunned to see one of her pieces sold during the show. As she is leaving the show, she is kidnapped by David and taken to a nearby building. He tells her he bought the building and is making it into an architecture/art studio. He decided to turn his life around and do something he really loves: owning his own architecture business. His business also includes an art studio, and his first art piece is Trudie's painting, which he purchased. David admits his love for Trudie and Trudie admits her love for him as well, before they kiss.
Cast
Melissa Joan Hart as Gertrude "Trudie" Marie Chandler
Mario Lopez as David Martin
Markie Post as Katherine Chandler
Timothy Bottoms as Richard Chandler
June Lockhart as Grandma Dolores
Kyle Howard as Jake Chandler
Vanessa Lee Evigan as Katie Chandler
Gabrielle Miller as Jessica Barber
Layla Alizada as Lucy
Marty Hanenberg as Mr. Portnoy
Ben Ayres as (the real) Nick
Travis Milne as Ryan, Jake's boy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monad%20transformer | In functional programming, a monad transformer is a type constructor which takes a monad as an argument and returns a monad as a result.
Monad transformers can be used to compose features encapsulated by monads – such as state, exception handling, and I/O – in a modular way. Typically, a monad transformer is created by generalising an existing monad; applying the resulting monad transformer to the identity monad yields a monad which is equivalent to the original monad (ignoring any necessary boxing and unboxing).
Definition
A monad transformer consists of:
A type constructor t of kind (* -> *) -> * -> *
Monad operations return and bind (or an equivalent formulation) for all t m where m is a monad, satisfying the monad laws
An additional operation, lift :: m a -> t m a, satisfying the following laws: (the notation `bind` below indicates infix application):
lift . return = return
lift (m `bind` k) = (lift m) `bind` (lift . k)
Examples
The option monad transformer
Given any monad , the option monad transformer (where denotes the option type) is defined by:
The exception monad transformer
Given any monad , the exception monad transformer (where is the type of exceptions) is defined by:
The reader monad transformer
Given any monad , the reader monad transformer (where is the environment type) is defined by:
The state monad transformer
Given any monad , the state monad transformer (where is the state type) is defined by:
The writer monad transformer
Given any monad , the writer monad transformer (where is endowed with a monoid operation with identity element ) is defined by:
The continuation monad transformer
Given any monad , the continuation monad transformer maps an arbitrary type into functions of type , where is the result type of the continuation. It is defined by:
Note that monad transformations are usually not commutative: for instance, applying the state transformer to the option monad yields a type (a computation which may fail and yield no final state), whereas the converse transformation has type (a computation which yields a final state and an optional return value).
See also
Monads in functional programming
References
External links
A highly technical blog post briefly reviewing some of the literature on monad transformers and related concepts, with a focus on categorical-theoretic treatment
Functional programming |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-approximation%20of%20k-hitting%20set | In computer science, k-approximation of k-hitting set is an approximation algorithm for weighted hitting set. The input is a collection S of subsets of some universe T and a mapping W from T to non-negative numbers called the weights of the elements of T. In k-hitting set the size of the sets in S cannot be larger than k. That is, . The problem is now to pick some subset T' of T such that every set in S contains some element of T', and such that the total weight of all elements in T' is as small as possible.
The algorithm
For each set in S is maintained a price, , which is initially 0. For an element a in T, let S(a) be the collection of sets from S containing a. During the algorithm the following invariant is kept
We say that an element, a, from T is tight if . The main part of the algorithm consists of a loop: As long as there is a set in S that contains no element from T which is tight, the price of this set is increased as much as possible without violating the invariant above. When this loop exits, all sets contain some tight element. Pick all the tight elements to be the hitting set.
Correctness
The algorithm always terminates because in each iteration of the loop the price of some set in S is increased enough to make one more element from T tight. If it cannot increase any price, it exits. It runs in polynomial time because the loop will not make more iterations than the number of elements in the union of all the sets of S. It returns a hitting set, because when the loop exits, all sets in S contain a tight element from T, and the set of these tight elements are returned.
Note that for any hitting set T* and any prices where the invariant from the algorithm is true, the total weight of the hitting set is an upper limit to the sum over all members of T* of the sum of the prices of sets containing this element, that is: . This follows from the invariant property. Further, since the price of every set must occur at least once on the left hand side, we get . Especially, this property is true for the optimal hitting set.
Further, for the hitting set H returned from the algorithm above, we have . Since any price can appear at most k times in the left-hand side (since subsets of S can contain no more than k element from T) we get Combined with the previous paragraph we get , where T* is the optimal hitting set. This is exactly the guarantee that it is a k-approximation algorithm.
Relation to linear programming
This algorithm is an instance of the primal-dual method, also called the pricing method. The intuition is that it is dual to a linear programming algorithm. For an explanation see http://algo.inria.fr/seminars/sem00-01/vazirani.html.
References
.
.
Approximation algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTT%20Data%20Engineering%20Systems%20Corporation | Hitachi Zosen Information Systems was founded as a division of Hitachi Zosen Corporation in 1977, becoming an independent systems integration focussed on CAD/CAM, GPS/GIS,
and ERP/SCM in 1997, and finally changing its name in 2006 to NTT Data Engineering Systems Corporation (NDES) when NTT Data Corporation acquired the management rights.
NDES supplies services and software products such as Space-E/Modeller, Space-E/CAM, Space-E/Mold, which are all based on the Catia system.
In addition to its activities in Japan, it has offices in China and Thailand and develops software in Vietnam and Slovakia.
In 2002 NDES signed an alliance with Dassault to develop and sell collaborative Space-E/CAM and MOLD products to the Asia-Pacific market.
Vero Software Plc, a supplier of software to NDES, describes them as "the largest vendor of CAM systems in Japan" in 2004.
References
Software companies based in Tokyo
Computer-aided manufacturing software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okimate%2010 | The Okimate 10 by Oki Electric Industry was a low-cost 1980s color printer with interface "plug 'n print" modules for Commodore, Atari, IBM PC, and Apple Inc. home computers.
Unlike thermal printers, which use thermal printing technology and require thermal paper, the Okimate used thermal transfer technology and was advertised as being able to print on any type of paper. In practice, however, printing to common printer/copier paper did not produce adequate results. Best results were obtained by printing to special "thermal transfer paper" which looks like ordinary copier paper but is actually an ultra-smooth paper for the wax-transfer to adhere to.
A thermal transfer printer contains a ribbon cartridge that uses a wax ink. When the heating elements in the print head heat up, they melt the wax and transfer it to the paper, thus the need for the paper to be really smooth. This also means that the ribbon cannot be reused after the head runs over it, since the wax transfers off the ribbon to the paper.
The Okimate 10 had two interchangeable wax-ink cartridges, a black one and a color one. The black cartridge was used for text printing, and the color was used for graphics. The color ribbon had three primary colors which were overlaid and dithered on top of each other to create secondary colors. Thus to print a graphic, the printer typically needed to make three passes over the same line before advancing.
It was one of the first low-cost color printers available to consumers and became a popular printer for printing computer art drawn with software packages such as KoalaPad, Deluxe Paint, Doodle! and NEOchrome but was criticized for its slowness and high cost of operation, as the wax-coated ribbon only lasted for one pass, unlike an ink ribbon. The Okimate 10 was succeeded by the Okimate 20.
Reception
Ahoy! favorably reviewed the Okimate 10 with the Commodore 64 interface, calling the color output "impressive enough" given the slow speed. It concluded that "for the home user for whom it is intended, it represents an excellent value".
References
External links
Contemporary review of the Okimate 20
RUN Magazine Dec, 1986
Non-impact printing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram%20of%20oriented%20gradients | The histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) is a feature descriptor used in computer vision and image processing for the purpose of object detection. The technique counts occurrences of gradient orientation in localized portions of an image. This method is similar to that of edge orientation histograms, scale-invariant feature transform descriptors, and shape contexts, but differs in that it is computed on a dense grid of uniformly spaced cells and uses overlapping local contrast normalization for improved accuracy.
Robert K. McConnell of Wayland Research Inc. first described the concepts behind HOG without using the term HOG in a patent application in 1986. In 1994 the concepts were used by Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories. However, usage only became widespread in 2005 when Navneet Dalal and Bill Triggs, researchers for the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation (INRIA), presented their supplementary work on HOG descriptors at the Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR). In this work they focused on pedestrian detection in static images, although since then they expanded their tests to include human detection in videos, as well as to a variety of common animals and vehicles in static imagery.
Theory
The essential thought behind the histogram of oriented gradients descriptor is that local object appearance and shape within an image can be described by the distribution of intensity gradients or edge directions. The image is divided into small connected regions called cells, and for the pixels within each cell, a histogram of gradient directions is compiled. The descriptor is the concatenation of these histograms. For improved accuracy, the local histograms can be contrast-normalized by calculating a measure of the intensity across a larger region of the image, called a block, and then using this value to normalize all cells within the block. This normalization results in better invariance to changes in illumination and shadowing.
The HOG descriptor has a few key advantages over other descriptors. Since it operates on local cells, it is invariant to geometric and photometric transformations, except for object orientation. Such changes would only appear in larger spatial regions. Moreover, as Dalal and Triggs discovered, coarse spatial sampling, fine orientation sampling, and strong local photometric normalization permits the individual body movement of pedestrians to be ignored so long as they maintain a roughly upright position. The HOG descriptor is thus particularly suited for human detection in images.
Algorithm implementation
Gradient computation
The first step of calculation in many feature detectors in image pre-processing is to ensure normalized color and gamma values. As Dalal and Triggs point out, however, this step can be omitted in HOG descriptor computation, as the ensuing descriptor normalization essentially achieves the same result. Image pre-processing thus provide |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel%20Fernandez%20%28businessman%29 | Manuel "Manny" Fernandez (born April 22, 1946) is an American engineer and businessman.
Fernandez is known for being the founder of the Gavilan Computer Corporation. This company was a pioneer, developing one of the first truly portable laptop computers in 1983, the Gavilan SC. Fernandez would later go on to become the CEO of Gartner and the head of SI Ventures. Most recently, he was named executive chairman of Sysco Corporation.
Prior to founding SI Ventures, Manny was President, Chairman, and CEO (1991–2001) of Gartner, where he grew Gartner from $40 million in annual revenues to $900 million and market capitalization grew to over $4 billion, taking the company public in 1994. Manny continues to serve as Chairman Emeritus.
Prior to Gartner, Manny was President and CEO of three technology-driven companies, including Dataquest - an information services company, Gavilan Computer corporation - a laptop computer manufacturer, and Zilog Incorporated - a publicly traded micro-possessor company. At Zilog, he was responsible for growing annual revenue from $5 million to $120 million in only three years. Previously, Mr. Fernandez was also a Group Executive Vice President of Fairchild Semiconductor, where he managed roughly one-third of Fairchild's business at the time. He began his career in engineering positions with ITT and Harris Corporation. Manny holds a bachelor's degree in electrical engineering and post graduate in Solid State Physics from the University of Florida. Manny was also recognized as entrepreneur of the year in 1998.
Some of Manny's NYSE board seats include Stanley/Black & Decker, Sysco Corporation, Brunswick, and Flowers Foods. He has been recognized as one of the top 100 Directors by Directorship for his board leadership.
Manny has also served in President George W. Bush President's Information Technology Advisory Committee (PITAC). He was appointed to the University of Florida Board of Trustees in 2001, and from (2003–2007) he served as chairman of the board. While on the board he was successful at implementing a differential tuition program at the university.
Education
Bachelor's degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Florida in 1967.
Awards
Fernandez was awarded the Gran Caiman of the year in 2007.
References
External links
Official UF info on Fernandez
Fernandez named Chairman
Info on Fernandez
Fernandez in Gainesville Sun
Fernandez on the Ledger
Fernandez on the Alligator
Fernandez, Manny
Fernandez, Manny
1946 births
American chief executives |
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