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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipinacia | Dipinacia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplonephra | Diplonephra is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Diplonephra ditata (Lucas, 1892)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Diplonephra at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discestra | Discestra is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It is considered a synonym of Anarta and is likely invalid.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divaena | Divaena is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Divaena haywardi (Tams, 1926)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Divaena at funet
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doerriesa | Doerriesa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorstiana | Dorstiana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draudtiana | Draudtiana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryobota | Dryobota is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Dryobota labecula (Esper, 1788)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Dryobota at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dryotype | Dryotype is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Dryotype opina (Grote, 1878)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Dryotype at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubiphane | Dubiphane is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysaletia | Dysaletia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysgraphhadena | Dysgraphhadena is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuidae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebertidia | Ebertidia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Ebertidia hadenoides Boursin, 1967
Ebertidia mamestrina (Butler, 1889)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eccleta | Eccleta is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Eccleta xuthophanes Turner, 1902
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Eccleta at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecthymia | Ecthymia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectochela | Ectochela is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ectolopha | Ectolopha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edlaeveria | Edlaeveria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effractilis | Effractilis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuze%20Keeping%20Clock | The Fuze Keeping Clock (FKC) was a simplified version of the Royal Navy's High Angle Control System analogue fire control computer. It first appeared as the FKC MkII in destroyers of the 1938 , while later variants were used on sloops, frigates, destroyers, aircraft carriers and several cruisers. The FKC MkII was a non-tachymetric anti-aircraft fire control computer. It could accurately engage targets with a maximum speed of .
Operation
The FKC received vertical reference information from a Gyro Level Corrector and aircraft altitude, range, direction, and speed input information from the Rangefinder-Director, and output to the guns the elevation and deflection data needed to hit the target, along with the correct fuze timing information, so that the shells fired would explode in the vicinity of the target aircraft. Most guns controlled by the FKC had Fuze Setting Pedestals or Fuze Setting Trays where the correct fuze timing was set on a clockwork mechanism within the AA shell warhead.
Development
Type 285 radar was an early addition to the FKC system, being fitted on new destroyers from mid-1941 onward, and retrofitted to existing destroyers as time and opportunity permitted. Later variants increased the maximum target speed to , and were combined with Gyro Rate Units (GRU) which gave tachometric capabilities to the system, and radar which greatly improved ranging and rate keeping accuracy.
Wartime use
The FKC saw extensive use during the war on British Commonwealth naval ships, typically on destroyers and sloops. Prior to the widespread use of radar, optical detection and ranging on high altitude aerial targets was a daunting task, as shown by 's Report of Proceedings, for 3 September 1940:
Occasionally conditions would conspire to favour the surface ships during an aerial attack, as again revealed by HMAS Parramattas Report of Proceedings, for 20 September 1940:
The FKC was used throughout the war and its effectiveness was increased by the use of radar for gunnery and to provide warning against surprise attack, as demonstrated by this account of bringing down a Japanese A6M Zero fighter aircraft (a "HAMP"), in 1944:
Notes
External links
The Gunnery Pocket Book, B.R. 224/45, 1945
Illustration of the FKC Mk II
Anti-aircraft artillery
Military computers
Naval artillery
Artillery operation
Equipment of the Royal Navy
Fire-control computers of World War II
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elaemima | Elaemima is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elegarda | Elegarda is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elesotis | Elesotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emariannia | Emariannia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Emariannia cucullidea Benjamin, 1933
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Emariannia at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emboloecia | Emboloecia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engusanacantha | Engusanacantha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiglaea | Epiglaea is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Epiglaea apiata (Grote, 1874)
Epiglaea decliva (Grote, 1874)
References
External links
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Epiglaea at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilecta | Epilecta is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. It consists of only one species, Epilecta linogrisea.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Epilecta at funet
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilitha | Epilitha is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimecia | Epimecia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Epimecia ustula (Freyer, 1835)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Epimecia at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epioecia | Epioecia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae. Its type species is Epioecia kohleriana.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Episcotia | Episcotia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erebophasma | Erebophasma is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremaula | Eremaula is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Eremaula minor (Butler, 1886)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Eremaula at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremobastis | Eremobastis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Eremobastis fulva (Rothschild, 1914)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Eremobastis at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eremophysa | Eremophysa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erioscele | Erioscele is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrophaia | Erythrophaia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erythrotis | Erythrotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escaria | Escaria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Escaria clauda Grote, 1883
Escaria homogena McDunnough, 1922
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Escaria at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethionodes | Ethionodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopica | Ethiopica is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethioterpia | Ethioterpia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euchoristea | Euchoristea is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucirroedia | Eucirroedia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Eucirroedia pampina (Guenée, 1852)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Eucirroedia at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucladodes | Eucladodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucropia | Eucropia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euharveya | Euharveya is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euheterospila | Euheterospila is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Calpinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulymnia | Eulymnia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumichtis | Eumichtis is a subgenus of moths of the genus Polymixis, and the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eumuelleria | Eumuelleria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euneophlebia | Euneophlebia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euphiusa | Euphiusa is a monotypic genus of moths in the family Erebidae. Its sole species is Euphiusa harmonica (Hampson, 1902).
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Ophiusini
Monotypic moth genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eupsephopaectes | Eupsephopaectes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromoia | Euromoia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae, first described by Otto Staudinger in 1892.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurypsyche | Eurypsyche is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euschesis | Euschesis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutamsia | Eutamsia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euterpiodes | Euterpiodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutheiaplusia | Eutheiaplusia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Plusiinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eutricopis | Eutricopis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Eutricopis nexilis Morrison, 1875
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Eutricopis at funet
Heliothinae
Moth genera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euwilemania | Euwilemania is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuidae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxenistis | Euxenistis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxootera | Euxootera is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxoullia | Euxoullia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanina | Evanina is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Evanina wiltshirei (Boursin, 1957)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Evanina at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evisa | Evisa is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Evisa reisseri Wiltshire, 1952
Evisa schawerdae Reisser, 1930
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Evisa at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exagrotis | Exagrotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exathetis | Exathetis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS%20and%20public%20health | Geographic information systems (GISs) and geographic information science (GIScience) combine computer-mapping capabilities with additional database management and data analysis tools. Commercial GIS systems are very powerful and have touched many applications and industries, including environmental science, urban planning, agricultural applications, and others.
Public health is another focus area that has made increasing use of GIS techniques. A strict definition of public health is difficult to pin down, as it is used in different ways by different groups. In general, public health differs from personal health in that it is (1) focused on the health of populations rather than of individuals, (2) focused more on prevention than on treatment, and (3) operates in a mainly governmental (rather than private) context. These efforts fall naturally within the domain of problems requiring use of spatial analysis as part of the solution, and GIS and other spatial analysis tools are therefore recognized as providing potentially transformational capabilities for public health efforts.
This article presents some history of use of geographic information and geographic information systems in public health application areas, provides some examples showing the utilization of GIS techniques in solving specific public health problems, and finally addresses several potential issues arising from increased use of these GIS techniques in the public health arena.
History
Public health efforts have been based on analysis and use of spatial data for many years. Dr. John Snow (physician), often credited as the father of epidemiology, is arguably the most famous of those examples. Dr. Snow used a hand-drawn map to analyze the geographic locations of deaths related to cholera in London in the mid-1850s. His map, which superimposed the locations of cholera deaths with those of public water supplies, pinpointed the Broad Street pump as the most likely source of the cholera outbreak. Removal of the pump handle led to a rapid decline in the incidence of cholera, helping the medical community to eventually conclude that cholera was a water-borne disease.
Dr. Snow's work provides an indication of how a GIS could benefit public health investigations and other research. He continued to analyze his data, eventually showing that the incidence rate of cholera was also related to local elevation as well as soil type and alkalinity. Low-lying areas, particularly those with poorly draining soil, were found to have higher incidence rates for cholera, which Dr. Snow attributed to the pools of water that tended to collect there, again showing evidence that cholera was in fact a water-borne disease (rather than one borne by 'miasma' as was commonly believed at the time.
This is an early example of what has come to be known as disease diffusion mapping, an area of study based on the idea that a disease starts from some source or central point and then spreads throughout the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabiania | Fabiania is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Fabiania pulla Hreblay & Ronkay, 2000
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Fabiania at funet
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagitana | Fagitana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Fagitana gigantea (Draudt, 1950)
Fagitana littera (Guenée, 1852)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Fagitana at funet
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feredayia | Feredayia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Selected Species
Feredayia graminosa (Walker, 1857)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fergana%20%28moth%29 | Fergana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimbriosotis | Fimbriosotis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fissipunctia | Fissipunctia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Fissipunctia ypsillon (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Fissipunctia at funet
Xyleninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavyigoga | Flavyigoga is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fletcheria | Fletcheria is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Noctuidae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotopsis | Fotopsis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franclemontia | Franclemontia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Franclemontia interrogans (Walker, 1856)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Franclemontia at funet
Xyleninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frivaldszkyola | Frivaldszkyola is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furvabromias | Furvabromias is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galanda | Galanda is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Calpinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galeana%20%28moth%29 | Galeana is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Galeana basilinea
Galeana midas
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gargaza | Gargaza is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaurenopsis | Gaurenopsis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geroda%20%28moth%29 | Geroda is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gloia | Gloia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goenycta | Goenycta is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonelydna | Gonelydna is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goniotermasia | Goniotermasia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonostygia | Gonostygia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goonallica | Goonallica is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorgora%20%28moth%29 | Gorgora is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gortynodes | Gortynodes is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammesia | Grammesia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Grammesia trigrammica Hilbn.
Grammesia trilinea Bork.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Hadeninae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammoscelis | Grammoscelis is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphiphora | Graphiphora is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
Species
Graphiphora augur (Fabricius, 1775)
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Graphiphora at funet
Noctuinae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graptocullia | Graptocullia is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae.
References
Natural History Museum Lepidoptera genus database
Cuculliinae |
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