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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AN/FLR-9 | The AN/FLR-9 is a type of very large circular "Wullenweber" antenna array, built at eight locations during the cold war for HF/DF direction finding of high priority targets. The worldwide network, known collectively as "Iron Horse", could locate HF communications almost anywhere on Earth. Because of the exceptionally large size of its outer reflecting screen (1056 vertical steel wires supported by 96 towers), the FLR-9 was commonly referred to by the nickname "Elephant Cage." Constructed in the early to mid 1960s, in May 2016 the last operational FLR-9 at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson in Alaska was decommissioned. It can be confused with the US Navy's AN/FRD-10, which also used a Wullenweber antenna.
Description
The AN/FLR-9 Operation and Service Manual describes the array as follows:
The antenna array is composed of three concentric rings of antenna elements. Each ring of elements receives RF signals for an assigned portion of the 1.5 to 30-MHz radio spectrum. The outer ring normally covers the 2 to 6-MHz range (band A), but also provides reduced coverage down to 1.5 MHz. The center ring covers the 6 to 18-MHz range (band B) and the inner ring covers the 18 to 30-MHz range (band C). Band A contains 48 sleeve monopole elements spaced apart (7.5 degrees). Band B contains 96 sleeve monopole elements spaced 37.5 feet (11.43 m) apart (3.75 degrees). Band C contains 48 antenna elements mounted on wooden structures placed in a circle around the central building. Bands A and B elements are vertically polarized. Band C elements consist of two horizontally polarized dipole antenna subelements electrically tied together, and positioned one above the other.
The array is centered on a ground screen 1,443 feet (439.8 m) in diameter. The arrangement permits accurate direction finding of signals from up to 4000 nautical miles (7408 km) away.
FLR-9s were constructed at the following places:
USASA Field Station Augsburg (Gablingen Kaserne), Germany
Chicksands, England
Clark AB, Philippines
Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Alaska, USA (formerly designated as Elmendorf AFB)
Karamursel, Turkey
7th Radio Research Field Station/Ramasun Station, Udon Thani Province, Thailand
Misawa AB, Japan, built 1963 to 1965, demolished beginning in 2014.
San Vito dei Normanni Air Station, Italy (near Brindisi, Italy)
Advances in technology have made the FLR-9 obsolete. In 1997, the FLR-9 at the former Clark AB in the Philippines was converted into a 35,000-seat fabric-covered amphitheatre. In early May 2002, systematic dismantling of the FLR-9 at San Vito began, and it was totally deconstructed by the end of that month. Although the markings of where the array stood remain in the ground, the structure is completely gone.
Demolition of the FLR-9 at Misawa began in October 2014.
A decommissioning ceremony for the last active FLR-9, at Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, was held on May 25, 2016.
See also
Signals intelligence
High-frequency direction finding
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston%20Gonnet | Gaston H. Gonnet is a Uruguayan Canadian computer scientist and entrepreneur. He is best known for his contributions to the Maple computer algebra system and the creation of a digital version of the Oxford English Dictionary.
Education and early life
Gonnet received his doctorate in computer science from the University of Waterloo in 1977. His thesis was entitled Interpolation and Interpolation-Hash Searching. His advisor was J. Alan George.
Career and research
In 1980 Gonnet co-founded the Symbolic Computation Group at the University of Waterloo. The work of SCG on a general-purpose computer algebra system later formed the core of the Maple system. In 1988, Gonnet co-founded (with Keith Geddes) the private company Waterloo Maple Inc., to sell Maple commercially. In the mid-1990s the company ran into trouble and a disagreement between his colleagues caused him to withdraw from chairman of the board and managerial involvement.
In 1984 Gonnet co-founded the New Oxford English Dictionary project at UW, which sought to create a searchable electronic version of the Oxford English Dictionary. The project was selected by the Oxford University Press as a partner for the computerisation leading to the publication of the second edition of the OED. The UW project's main contributions were in the parsing of the source text to enhance the tagging and on building a full text searching system based on PAT trees (a version of suffix array). This project later culminated in another successful commercial venture, the Open Text Corporation. Gonnet was founder and chairman of the Board of OTC until 1994.
Gonnet is a computer science professor at ETH Zurich in Zurich, Switzerland. In 1991, he began developing the Darwin programming language for biosciences, which would become the basis for OMA, a package and database for gene orthology prediction. He is chief scientist of two Canadian startups: CeeqIT and Porfiau.
Awards and honours
On June 9, 2011, Gonnet and Keith O. Geddes received the ACM Richard D. Jenks Memorial Prize for Excellence in Software Engineering Applied to Computer Algebra for the Maple Project.
On March 14, 2013, Gonnet was awarded a Dr. Honoris Causa by the Universidad de la República, engineering faculty from Uruguay.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
Living people
Scientific computing researchers
Swiss computer scientists
University of Waterloo alumni
Uruguayan computer scientists
Uruguayan expatriates in Canada
Uruguayan expatriates in Switzerland
Uruguayan people of French descent
Place of birth missing (living people)
1948 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance%20for%20a%20New%20Humanity | Alliance for a New Humanity is an international network of people from all walks of life who want to see positive change take place in the world. It launched in Puerto Rico on December 11–14, 2003 with keynote speaker, Al Gore, former Vice-President of the United States.
Its purpose is to connect sensitive individuals into a global human network to lead to the creation of a critical mass that influences national and international policy towards a more compassionate humanity.
It came to light spontaneously, when individuals from all walks of life, concerned about the dehumanizing trends that prevail in the world, got together to assess the deterioration of human values. They concluded that this was caused by the accelerating economic and social inequalities, terrorism and wars, social violence, ecological degradation and a generalized spread of social fear, individual frustration and lack of respect for life.
They also concluded that the result of such social conditions has created an indifference to the other, reinforced by the materialistic models adopted as organizing principles of society with their emphasis on selfishness, competition, accumulation, and separateness.
There are currently about 600 members of the organization.
Founding members
Founding members believe that many people in the world perceive the need for more positive thinking, for a more compassionate society and for a less poignant media envelope. Founding members include:
Oscar Arias Sánchez: former President of Costa Rica and the recipient of the 1987 Nobel Peace Prize
Dr. Deepak Chopra: a doctor, philosopher, speaker, and prolific writer and considered one of the world's greatest leaders in the field of mind-body medicine.
Antonio Fas Alzamora: an attorney, legislator, and the President of the Senate of Puerto Rico
Baltasar Garzón: one of the most distinguished judges in the world today and a leader in the legal fight against human rights violators.
Kerry Kennedy-Cuomo: an attorney and human rights activist, she has led more than forty human rights delegations to more than thirty countries.
Ashok Khosla: the founder and president of Development Alternatives and has been a consultant to the World Bank, United Nations and various other governmental and inter-governmental agencies.
Ricky Martin: An international superstar, he has sold more than 30 million albums in Spanish and English, and has performed for millions of people around the globe.
Sarah Ozacky-Lazar: co-director of the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace at Givat Haviva, Israel.
Roberto Savio: founder of the Inter Press Service and Secretary-General of the Society for International Development.
Betty Williams: winner of the 1976 Nobel Peace Prize, she is a steadfast peace activist.
External links
Official Website of the Alliance
External webpage with audio interviews
ANH news
Alliance for a New Humanity Wiki
Civic and political organizations of the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise%20Bertrand | Françoise Bertrand, (born 1948) is a Canadian business personality. She is the first woman to head a North American television network, as CEO and president of Télé-Québec, and was the first woman to serve as chairperson of the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), a position she held from 1996 to 2001. Bertrand was inducted into the National Order of Quebec in 2008 and appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada in 2013. She has served as president and CEO of Fédération des chambres de commerce du Québec (Québec's Federation of Chambers of Commerce) from 2003 to 2016, the first woman to hold the position. She is currently the first woman to serve as Chairperson of the Board of Directors of Via Rail Canada Inc., a position she has held since April 2017.
Education
Born in Montreal, Bertrand holds a sociology degree from the Université de Montréal and a master's in Environmental Studies from Toronto's York University.
Career
From 1980 to 1988, she held many positions at the Université du Québec à Montréal, including dean of resource management. She was then president and CEO of Télé-Québec, becoming the first woman to head a North American television network. Her leadership received praise for "redirecting its educational and cultural programming to reflect the realities of Quebec society".
In 1996, Bertrand became the first, and so far the only, woman to serve as chairperson of the CRTC. During her tenure, the "opening [of] telephone service to competition" took place, as did a major May 1999 decision on "New Media" that gave the CRTC jurisdiction over certain content communicated over the Internet, such as audio and video, but not primarily alphanumeric content such as emails and most webpages. She served as chair until 2001, when David Colville succeeded her as CRTC's interim chair.
From 2003 to 2016, she served as the president and CEO of Fédération des chambres de commerce du Québec, Québec's Federation of Chambers of Commerce, the first woman to do so.
From 2001 to 2018, she served on and chaired numerous boards, including but not limited to Quebecor (chair, 2011-2014), the Commission de la santé et de la sécurité du travail (board member, 2007-2017), and the United Nations Association in Canada (board member, 2016-2018).
In November of 2016, Bertrand became President of the International Board of Directors of Proaction International, and in April of 2017, Chairperson of the Board of Directors of VIA Rail Canada Inc. Today, she is also Vice-Chair of the Board of Governors of Concordia University since 2015 and has served on the Board of Osisko Gold Royalties since 2013.
Honours and awards
Bertrand has received numerous awards and honors, including an honorary degree from Concordia University. Bertrand was granted the insignia of Chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 2001. In 2007, she was named in Canada's Most Powerful Women: Top 100 by Women's Executive Network (RFE). In 2008, she received the insi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source%20political%20campaign | Open-source political campaigns, open-source politics, or Politics 2.0, is the idea that social networking and e-participation technologies will revolutionize our ability to follow, support, and influence political campaigns. Netroots evangelists and web consultants predict a wave of popular democracy as fundraisers meet on MySpace or Facebook, YouTubers crank out attack ads and bloggers do opposition research.
Typically these terms describe short-term limited-life efforts to achieve a specific goal. Longer term projects involving embedded institutions (of journalism, parties, government itself) are more often called "open-source governance" projects. All open politics share some very basic assumptions however including the belief that online deliberation can improve decisions.
Origins of the term
In print, open-source politics was first used by political operatives in the lead-up to the 2004 United States elections. The earliest reference to the term in major media was a September 5, 2003 story in Salon.com in which supporters of the Draft Clark campaign and of Vermont Governor Howard Dean both claimed that their campaigns represented the ideals of "open-source politics." The term was meant as a reference to open-source software such the Linux operating system, which is designed to allow users to alter its code to make improvements. The idea was that new technologies would allow similar participation and the attendant benefits in the political realm. The story omitted the fact that Dean's campaign had actually begun to employ these tools only by the initiative of the Meetup.com bot, a simple string-matching algorithm that began to schedule meetings "about Howard Dean" when the number of people listing this string in their interests hit a critical mass.
The term was further refined in its current usage by a story in The Nation by Micah Sifry which appeared days after the 2004 election. Sifry wrote that open-source politics means "opening up participation in planning and implementation to the community, letting competing actors evaluate the value of your plans and actions, being able to shift resources away from bad plans and bad planners and toward better ones, and expecting more of participants in return. It would mean moving away from egocentric organizations and toward network-centric organizing." Since Sifry's article, the term has appeared on numerous blogs and print articles.
Since the 2004 United States elections, the internet has become much more participatory and interactive with the popularization of Web 2.0 technologies such as Myspace, YouTube, Second Life and Wikipedia. This participation, the idea goes, lends new currency to the notion that these technologies can be employed to allow citizens to "reprogram" politics. One example is the way that the Macaca video spread virally through the internet on YouTube and contributed to the electoral defeat of Sen. George Allen of Virginia during the 2006 U.S. midterm elections. The old |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20Fourier%20transform | In quantum computing, the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a linear transformation on quantum bits, and is the quantum analogue of the discrete Fourier transform. The quantum Fourier transform is a part of many quantum algorithms, notably Shor's algorithm for factoring and computing the discrete logarithm, the quantum phase estimation algorithm for estimating the eigenvalues of a unitary operator, and algorithms for the hidden subgroup problem. The quantum Fourier transform was discovered by Don Coppersmith.
The quantum Fourier transform can be performed efficiently on a quantum computer with a decomposition into the product of simpler unitary matrices. The discrete Fourier transform on amplitudes can be implemented as a quantum circuit consisting of only Hadamard gates and controlled phase shift gates, where is the number of qubits. This can be compared with the classical discrete Fourier transform, which takes gates (where is the number of bits), which is exponentially more than .
The quantum Fourier transform acts on a quantum state vector (a quantum register), and the classical Fourier transform acts on a vector. Both types of vectors can be written as lists of complex numbers. In the quantum case it is a sequence of probability amplitudes for all the possible outcomes upon measurement (called basis states, or eigenstates). Because measurement collapses the quantum state to a single basis state, not every task that uses the classical Fourier transform can take advantage of the quantum Fourier transform's exponential speedup.
The best quantum Fourier transform algorithms known (as of late 2000) require only gates to achieve an efficient approximation, provided that a controlled phase gate is implemented as a native operation.
Definition
The quantum Fourier transform is the classical discrete Fourier transform applied to the vector of amplitudes of a quantum state, which usually has length .
The classical Fourier transform acts on a vector and maps it to the vector
according to the formula:
where and is an N-th root of unity.
Similarly, the quantum Fourier transform acts on a quantum state and maps it to a quantum state according to the formula:
(Conventions for the sign of the phase factor exponent vary; here the quantum Fourier transform has the same effect as the inverse discrete Fourier transform, and vice versa.)
Since is a rotation, the inverse quantum Fourier transform acts similarly but with:
In case that is a basis state, the quantum Fourier Transform can also be expressed as the map
Equivalently, the quantum Fourier transform can be viewed as a unitary matrix (or quantum gate) acting on quantum state vectors, where the unitary matrix is the DFT matrix
where . For example, in the case of and phase the transformation matrix is
Properties
Unitarity
Most of the properties of the quantum Fourier transform follow from the fact that it is a unitary transformation. This can be checked by per |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie%20Network%20Channels | Movie Network Channels was an Australian premium television movie service that consisted of five original channels (Movie One, Movie Extra, Movie Greats, Family Movie Channel, Starpics 1), two SD timeshifts (Movie Two, Starpics 2) and three HD simulcasts (Movie One HD, Starpics 1 HD, Starpics 2 HD). Its main competitor was Showtime. Movie Network channels were originally only available through Optus TV, who produced and part-owned the channels prior to 1 January 2000.
Through content sharing agreements, Movie Network Channels became available through Austar in January 1999 and Foxtel in December 2002. Movie Network is also available on Neighbourhood Cable, SelecTV and TransACT. The channels were owned, operated and programmed by Warner Bros., Disney, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Village Roadshow. In addition to films from these studios, the network also had access to films from DreamWorks and Australian distributor Hopscotch Films.
On 15 November 2009, the network expanded with three additional (including 1 timeshift) channels and 3 HD simulcasts (including 1 timeshift). In addition, a new website was launched and a unified slogan for the overall network - "All Together Better!".
From 2009 until 2012, Movie Extra was the naming rights sponsor for the Tropfest short film festival.
On 6 December 2012, an announcement was made that Movie Network would cease broadcasting from 31 December 2012. This came in the wake of Foxtel purchasing the Showtime Movie Channels from the Premium Movie Partnership to take movies in-house to save on costs. Negotiations were taking place between Foxtel and Movie Network, but it is believed that one or more of the Movie Network owners began negotiations with Foxtel for their movie rights, causing the acquisition of Movie Network to fall through. On 9 December 2012, it was announced that Movie Network and Showtime (with the exception of Showcase) would be replaced with a new line-up of Foxtel branded movie channels to be named Foxtel Movies
Channels
Movies were typically shown for a year, and made appearances on at least one or more of the network's channels during their run.
Movie One
Movie One was the network's premiere channel for blockbusters from studios such as Warner Bros., Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, MGM, Becker Entertainment, Village Roadshow and Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks plus an array of independent studios and launched 20 September 1995. Prior to 7 September 1997 this channel was named The Movie Network. Movie One (along with timeshift service, Movie Two) also offers a free interactive movie service called Redspace. Every month Redspace allows digital viewers to play a quiz, read facts about the movie or watch video packages such as behind-the-scenes, interviews and other features. Movies that air on this channel are released 2005-onwards. An HD simulcast launched on 15 November 2009.
Movie Two
Movie Two was the timeshift service of Movie One where it broadcasts Movie One with a two-hour dela |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideloading | Sideloading describes the process of transferring files between two local devices, in particular between a personal computer and a mobile device such as a mobile phone, smartphone, PDA, tablet, portable media player or e-reader.
Sideloading typically refers to media file transfer to a mobile device via USB, Bluetooth, WiFi or by writing to a memory card for insertion into the mobile device, but also applies to the transfer of apps from web sources that are not vendor-approved.
When referring to Android apps, "sideloading" typically means installing an application package in APK format onto an Android device. Such packages are usually downloaded from websites other than the official app store Google Play. For Android users sideloading of apps is only possible if the user has allowed "Unknown Sources" in their Security Settings.
When referring to iOS apps, "sideloading" means installing an app in IPA format onto an Apple device, usually through the use of a computer program such as Cydia Impactor or Xcode. On modern versions of iOS, the sources of the apps must be trusted by both Apple and the user in "profiles and device management" in settings, except when using jailbreak methods of sideloading apps. Sideloading is only allowed by Apple for internal testing and development of apps using the official SDKs.
Historical
The term "sideload" was coined in the late 1990s by online storage service i-drive as an alternative means of transferring and storing computer files virtually instead of physically. In 2000, i-drive applied for a trademark on the term. Rather than initiating a traditional file "download" from a website or FTP site to their computer, a user could perform a "sideload" and have the file transferred directly into their personal storage area on the service. Usage of this feature began to decline as newer hard drives became cheaper and the space on them grew each year into the gigabytes and the trademark application was abandoned.
The advent of portable MP3 players in the late 1990s brought sideloading to the masses, even if the term was not widely adopted. Users would download content to their PCs and sideload it to their players.
Today, sideloading is widespread and virtually every mobile device is capable of sideloading in one or more ways.
Advantages
Sideloading has several advantages when compared with other ways of delivering content to mobile devices:
There are no wireless data charges. Sideloading delivery does not involve a wireless carrier.
Content can be optimized for each mobile device. As there are no mobile network restrictions, content can be tailored for each device. This is more important for video playback, where the lowest common denominator is often a limiting factor on wireless networks.
There are no geographic limitations on the delivery of content for sideloading as are implicit in the limited coverage of wireless networks.
There are no restrictions on what content can be sideloaded. Users may sideload video, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTV%20Classic%20%28American%20TV%20channel%29 | MTV Classic (formerly VH1 Smooth, VH1 Classic Rock, and VH1 Classic) is an American pay television network owned by Paramount Media Networks. It was originally launched in 1998 as "VH1 Smooth", an adult contemporary and smooth jazz channel. It was relaunched as "VH1 Classic Rock" in 1999 (later renamed "VH1 Classic" until 2016), with an emphasis on classic rock. On August 1, 2016, in honor of MTV's 35th anniversary, the channel was rebranded as "MTV Classic", and now exclusively displays music videos from all genres from the 1980s to the early 2000s.
History
1998–1999: VH1 Smooth
VH1 Smooth launched on August 1, 1998 as a part of the "Suite" digital package, delaying the initial launch date of July 31, 1998. The channel that focused on smooth jazz, new age, and adult contemporary music. The first music video to play on the channel was a cover of "Makin' Whoopee" by Branford Marsalis.
1999–2016: VH1 Classic
Relaunched on August 1, 1999 as VH1 Classic Rock, the channel primarily featured a mainstream rock/adult hits-formatted mix of music videos and concert footage from the 1960s to the 1980s, though it originally included a wider range of genres and time periods. The channel name was quickly changed to VH1 Classic in 2000.
The network played only music videos upon launch, but quickly expanded to a varied line-up of music-themed programs. This included themed music video compilation blocks (with categories such as Heavy Metal music, or popular music of the 1980s), full-length concerts, music documentaries such as the Classic Albums and Behind the Music series, music-oriented films (such as Prince's Purple Rain and The Blues Brothers), and an original talk show, That Metal Show. It also re-broadcast programs first aired on the main VH1, including Pop-Up Video and I Love the '80s.
From January 28 until February 15, 2015, VH1 Classic aired a 19-day marathon of NBC's Saturday Night Live in celebration of the series' 40th anniversary. As a result, the network broke a previous record for the longest continuous marathon in television history set by FXX's twelve-day marathon of The Simpsons.
2016–present: MTV Classic
In July 2016, Viacom announced that on August 1, the 35th anniversary of the original MTV's launch, the network would rebrand as MTV Classic. The channel's programming continues to focus on classic music videos and programming (including notable episodes of MTV Unplugged and Storytellers), but skews more towards from the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. The rebranded network schedule also included reruns of past MTV original series such as the 2011 Beavis and Butt-head revival and Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County. The network's relaunch took place at 6:00 a.m. ET with a rebroadcast of MTV's first hour on the air, which was also simulcast on MTV and online via Facebook live streaming, branded as "MTV Hour One" (the channel, as VH1 Classic, had recently aired it to mark the network's 30th anniversary in 2011). Several VH1 Classic programs w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking%20FM | Viking FM is an Independent Local Radio station based in Kingston upon Hull, England, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to the East Riding of Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 168,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Technical
The station is transmitted from the High Hunsley transmitter on the Yorkshire Wolds, near North Cave, sharing the 200 ft tower with Capital Yorkshire and BBC Radio Humberside, as well as on the Bauer Humberside DAB multiplex from three transmitters, located at High Hunsley, Buckton Barn near Bridlington and Grimsby town centre.
It is also streamed over the Internet via Viking FM's website, making it accessible to listeners from across the United Kingdom. Worldwide webcasting is no longer possible, for licensing reasons.
History
During the application process for the licence, the station's working title was Humber Bridge Radio; however on 17 April 1984, it was launched as Viking Radio and broadcast on 102.7 FM and 1161 kHz AM (258m Medium Wave). The first on-air presenter was David Fewster and the first song played was Celebration by Kool & the Gang. In spring 1986, the frequency was changed to 96.9 FM, with BBC Radio Humberside moving to 95.9 FM.
Viking was the first commercial radio station in the UK to introduce split programming so that it could broadcast rugby league commentary on Sunday afternoons without interrupting The Network Chart Show. The rugby was aired on MW with The Network Chart broadcast on FM. On 31 October 1988, Viking Radio split frequencies on a permanent basis and was transformed into Viking FM on 96.9 FM and Viking Gold on 1161 medium wave. The AM station later became Classic Gold, Classic Gold Radio, Great Yorkshire Gold, Great Yorkshire Radio, Magic 1161 and Viking 2 and finally Greatest Hits Radio East Yorkshire and Northern Lincolnshire until the transmitter was switched off on 26 April 2021.
In 1990, The Yorkshire Radio Network, which owned Viking as well as Radio Hallam, Pennine Radio (now known as Pulse 1) and Classic Gold, were bought by The Metro Radio Group. In 1996, the station was bought by EMAP and as a result of a group takeover in 2008, Viking is now owned by Bauer Media Group, as part of the Hits Radio network of radio stations.
In August 2019, Bauer announced Viking FM would cease broadcasting from its Hull studios and co-locate with sister station Hallam FM in Sheffield from Wednesday 2 October 2019 but that it would maintain a local presence in the form of local news, advertising and charity staff. Later, the studios became co-located with Pulse 1 in Leeds.
Achievement
In 2005, the station won its first Gold Award at the Sony Radio Academy Awards for "Happy Hour"; a news investigation into binge drinking in the region. They won a Bronze award in 2006 for their series of programmes on subjects like ASBO's and street crime.
In 2005, Viking FM's Creative Team (who write and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20media%20art | New media art includes artworks designed and produced by means of electronic media technologies, comprising virtual art, computer graphics, computer animation, digital art, interactive art, sound art, Internet art, video games, robotics, 3D printing, and cyborg art. The term defines itself by the thereby created artwork, which differentiates itself from that deriving from conventional visual arts (i.e. architecture, painting, sculpture, etc.). New Media art has origins in the worlds of science, art, and performance. Some common themes found in new media art include databases, political and social activism, Afrofuturism, feminism, and identity, a ubiquitous theme found throughout is the incorporation of new technology into the work. The emphasis on medium is a defining feature of much contemporary art and many art schools and major universities now offer majors in "New Genres" or "New Media" and a growing number of graduate programs have emerged internationally. New media art may involve degrees of interaction between artwork and observer or between the artist and the public, as is the case in performance art. Yet, as several theorists and curators have noted, such forms of interaction, social exchange, participation, and transformation do not distinguish new media art but rather serve as a common ground that has parallels in other strands of contemporary art practice. Such insights emphasize the forms of cultural practice that arise concurrently with emerging technological platforms, and question the focus on technological media per se. New Media art involves complex curation and preservation practices that make collecting, installing, and exhibiting the works harder than most other mediums. Many cultural centers and museums have been established to cater to the advanced needs of new media art.
History
The origins of new media art can be traced to the moving image inventions of the 19th century such as the phenakistiscope (1833), the praxinoscope (1877) and Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope (1879). From the 1900s through the 1960s, various forms of kinetic and light art, from Thomas Wilfred's 'Lumia' (1919) and 'Clavilux' light organs to Jean Tinguely's self-destructing sculpture Homage to New York (1960) can be seen as progenitors of new media art.
Steve Dixon in his book Digital Performance: New Technologies in Theatre, Dance and Performance Art argues that the early twentieth century avant-garde art movement Futurism was the birthplace of the merging of technology and performance art. Some early examples of performance artists who experimented with then state-of-the-art lighting, film, and projection include dancers Loïe Fuller and Valentine de Saint-Point. Cartoonist Winsor McCay performed in sync with an animated Gertie the Dinosaur on tour in 1914. By the 1920s many Cabaret acts began incorporating film projection into performances.
Robert Rauschenberg's piece Broadcast (1959), composed of three interactive re-tunable radios and a pai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20Hong%20Kong | Hong Kong's rail network mainly comprises public transport trains operated by the MTR Corporation Limited (MTRC). The MTRC operates the metro network of the territory and the commuter rail network connecting the northeastern, northwestern and southwestern New Territories to the urban areas. The operations of the territory's two leading railway companies, MTRC and the Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation (KCRC), were merged in 2007 The Hong Kong Government has an explicit stated transport policy of using railways as its transport backbone.
In addition to the MTR network, there are several smaller-scale railways run by different operators, including the Peak Tram and the Hong Kong Tramways, and other systems including the Disneyland Railroad and the Ocean Express.
History
The first mode of rail transport for the public in Hong Kong was the Peak Tram, serving The Peak (at Victoria Gap), the Mid-Levels and the city centre since 1888. This was followed by the Mount Parker Cable Car in 1892, but this system was terminated in 1932 and dismantled. The tram started service along the northern coast of the Hong Kong Island in 1904. The British Section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway (later the KCR East Rail, and now the East Rail line), a conventional railway, was opened in 1910.
It was not until 1979 that a rapid transit system, the MTR, was opened. Three years later, the British Section of the Kowloon–Canton Railway began its transition towards electrification, which changed it into a commuter rail, and eventually providing rapid transit-like service. The Light Rail Transit (LRT, now the MTR Light Rail) began its operation in the Tuen Mun and Yuen Long new towns in 1988. The two railway companies, MTR Corporation Limited and Kowloon-Canton Railway Corporation, merged their operations in 2007 to form a single rapid transit network, with the KCRC granting the MTRCL a service concession to operate their KCR network.
In 2018, the Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High Speed Railway opened to connect Hong Kong with the Mainland Chinese high speed network through a tunnel within Hong Kong to West Kowloon station. It has many train services to many Mainland Chinese cities such as Beijing, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, until service was suspended since midnight of 30 January 2020 amidst the coronavirus pandemic.
There are several extensions planned, such as Tung Chung West station and North Island line.
Trams and funiculars
Hong Kong Tramways: Double-decker trams, running on the north shore of Hong Kong Island from Kennedy Town to Shau Kei Wan.
Peak Tram: A funicular railway with six stations, connecting Central and the Victoria Peak.
Po Fook Hill Elevator: A funicular railway with two stations, connecting the car park and the upper section of Po Fook Hill Cemetery.
Discovery Bay Elevator: A funicular railway with two stations, connecting Discovery Bay North Plaza and Amalfi.
Ocean Express
Between Tai Wo Hau Road and Wo Tong Tsui Street in Kwai Chung
Note th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley%20network%20%28Mars%29 | Valley networks are branching networks of valleys on Mars that superficially resemble terrestrial river drainage basins. They are found mainly incised into the terrain of the martian southern highlands, and are typically - though not always - of Noachian age (approximately four billion years old). The individual valleys are typically less than 5 kilometers wide, though they may extend for up to hundreds or even thousands of kilometers across the martian surface.
The form, distribution, and implied evolution of the valley networks are of great importance for what they may tell us about the history of liquid water on the martian surface, and hence Mars' climate history. Some authors have argued that the properties of the networks demand that a hydrological cycle must have been active on ancient Mars, though this remains contentious. Objections chiefly arise from repeated results from models of martian paleoclimate suggesting high enough temperatures and pressures to sustain liquid water on the surface have not ever been possible on Mars.
The advent of very high resolution images of the surface from the HiRISE, THEMIS and Context (CTX) satellite cameras as well as the Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter (MOLA) digital terrain models have drastically improved our understanding of the networks in the last decade.
Form
The valleys of the networks are typically narrow (<0.5–4 km) and 50–200 m deep, with neither value changing consistently along their lengths. Their cross-sectional form tends to evolve from V-shaped in the headwaters to U-shaped in the lower reaches. The individual valleys form interconnected branching networks, typically less than 200 km long and draining into local topographic lows. The form of the tributary valleys is commonly described as "stubby" or a similar term, implying short lengths away from the trunk streams and amphitheater-like terminations at their heads. Many authors have described the drainage density of the networks as typically much lower than would be seen on Earth, though the extent to which this may be an artifact of image resolution, landscape degradation or observer bias has also been raised in the literature.
However, more recent imagery has also emphasized that the term "valley network" incorporates a large variety of different valley forms across a number of different scales in different martian geological settings. Any branched valley system on a scale smaller than an outflow channel can be termed a valley network, probably incorporating a large variety of geomorphological formation processes. Some valley networks run for over 2000 km across the martian landscape. Some may change width downstream. Some have drainage densities which do match some terrestrial values. Narrower, less deep valley networks are present, but probably are more rare than their larger equivalents.
In most valley networks, later aeolian processes have deposited wind-blown sediments in the bottoms of the valleys, obscuring the nature of th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim%20Gill | Tim Gill (born October 18, 1953) is an American computer software programmer, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and LGBTQ rights activist. He was among the first openly gay people to be on the Forbes 400 list of America's richest people.
He is the founder and co-chair of the Gill Foundation, a private Denver-based philanthropic organization supporting efforts to secure nationwide civil rights for LGBTQ Americans. As of 2019, he was the single largest individual donor to the LGBTQ rights movement in U.S. history, having personally committed more than $500 million since the early 1990s.
Gill is also the founder of the pioneering page layout software company Quark, Inc. Gill sold his fifty percent stake in the company in 1999 for a reported $500 million. Following the sale of his stake in Quark, Inc., Gill set aside sixty percent of his assets – more than $300 million – to fight for LGBTQ rights.
He is the Co-Founder and Chief Technology Officer of Josh.ai.
Early life and education
Tim Gill was born in Hobart, Indiana, and moved to Colorado with his family when he was in third grade. He attended Wheat Ridge High School in Jefferson County, Colorado, eventually studying computer science and applied mathematics at the University of Colorado at Boulder.
Philanthropy and political action
Gill is the founder of the Gill Foundation, Gill Action Fund, and OutGiving.
Gill first became involved in LGBTQ activism as a freshman at the University of Colorado at Boulder. He volunteered for the campus gay-liberation group and later supported local HIV/AIDS awareness. In 1992, he continued his involvement in LGBTQ political action in response to the passage of Colorado Amendment 2, which prevented non-discrimination ordinances in the state from protecting people based on sexual orientation and which the United States Supreme Court struck down as unconstitutional in its 1996 ruling in Romer v. Evans.
He is widely credited as a visionary strategist and mega-donor who has made significant contributions to virtually every major LGBTQ rights victory in the United States, from the 2003 Goodridge v. Dept. of Public Health decision making Massachusetts the first U.S. state to allow same-sex marriage, to the U.S. Supreme Court's 2015 Obergefell v. Hodges decision legalizing same-sex marriage throughout the country.
Gill, along with Pat Stryker, Jared Polis and Rutt Bridges—called by the press the "Gang of Four"—together donated significant funds in support of Democratic organizations in Colorado, which many believe helped to flip control of the state legislature to Democratic control in 2004.
In July 2017, Gill was the subject of a profile by journalist Andy Kroll for Rolling Stone magazine titled "The Quiet Crusader: How Tim Gill turned a $500 million fortune into the nation's most powerful force for LGBTQ rights."
Gill Foundation
Tim Gill founded the Gill Foundation in 1994, and co-chairs it with his husband Scott Miller. The national, Denver-based non-profit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CloneCD | CloneCD is proprietary optical disc authoring software that makes exact, 1:1 copies of music and data CDs and DVDs, regardless of any Digital Rights Management (DRM) restrictions. It was originally written by Oliver Kastl and offered by Swiss company Elaborate Bytes, but due to changes in European copyright law, they were forced to take it off the market. The last version of CloneCD made by Elaborate Bytes was version 4.2.0.2. The software was subsequently sold by SlySoft, a company located in Antigua and Barbuda, whose legislation does not ban the circumvention of DRM schemes. Since 2016, it is sold by Belize/Latvia based RedFox.
Region restrictions in older versions
In older versions of "CloneCD", the features "Amplify Weak Sectors", "Protected PC Games", and "Hide CDR Media" were disabled in the United States of America and Japan. Changing the region and language settings in Windows (e. g. to Canadian English) and/or patches could unlock these features in the two countries. SlySoft decided to leave these options disabled for the US for legal reasons, but no features were disabled. The current version of CloneCD is not region-restricted.
See also
CloneCD Control File
List of disk imaging software
Comparison of ISO image software
References
External links
RedFox
Windows-only proprietary software
Windows CD/DVD writing software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D%20modeling | In 3D computer graphics, 3D modeling is the process of developing a mathematical coordinate-based representation of any surface of an object (inanimate or living) in three dimensions via specialized software by manipulating edges, vertices, and polygons in a simulated 3D space.
Three-dimensional (3D) models represent a physical body using a collection of points in 3D space, connected by various geometric entities such as triangles, lines, curved surfaces, etc. Being a collection of data (points and other information), 3D models can be created manually, algorithmically (procedural modeling), or by scanning. Their surfaces may be further defined with texture mapping.
Outline
The product is called a 3D model while someone who works with 3D models may be referred to as a 3D artist or a 3D modeler.
A 3D Model can also be displayed as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering or used in a computer simulation of physical phenomena.
3D Models may be created automatically or manually. The manual modeling process of preparing geometric data for 3D computer graphics is similar to plastic arts such as sculpting. The 3D model can be physically created using 3D printing devices that form 2D layers of the model with three-dimensional material, one layer at a time. Without a 3D model, a 3D print is not possible.
3D modeling software is a class of 3D computer graphics software used to produce 3D models. Individual programs of this class, such as SketchUp, are called modeling applications.
History
3D models are now widely used anywhere in 3D graphics and CAD but their history predates the widespread use of 3D graphics on personal computers.
In the past, many computer games used pre-rendered images of 3D models as sprites before computers could render them in real-time. The designer can then see the model in various directions and views, this can help the designer see if the object is created as intended to compared to their original vision. Seeing the design this way can help the designer or company figure out changes or improvements needed to the product.
Representation
Almost all 3D models can be divided into two categories:
Solid – These models define the volume of the object they represent (like a rock). Solid models are mostly used for engineering and medical simulations, and are usually built with constructive solid geometry
Shell or boundary – These models represent the surface, i.e. the boundary of the object, not its volume (like an infinitesimally thin eggshell). Almost all visual models used in games and film are shell models.
Solid and shell modeling can create functionally identical objects. Differences between them are mostly variations in the way they are created and edited and conventions of use in various fields and differences in types of approximations between the model and reality.
Shell models must be manifold (having no holes or cracks in the shell) to be meaningful as a real object. In a shell model of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castlevania%20%281986%20video%20game%29 | Castlevania, known in Japan as is a platform game developed and published by Konami for the Family Computer Disk System video game console in Japan in September 1986. It was ported to cartridge format and released in North America for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in May 1987 and in Europe in 1988. It was also re-issued for the Family Computer in cartridge format in 1993. It is the first game in Konami's Castlevania video game series.
Players control Simon Belmont, descendant of a legendary vampire hunter, who enters the castle of Count Dracula to destroy him when he suddenly reappears 100 years after Simon's ancestor vanquished him. Castlevania was developed in tandem with the MSX2 game Vampire Killer, which was released a month later and uses the same characters and setting, but features different gameplay mechanics. It was followed by a sequel, Castlevania II: Simon's Quest, and a prequel, Castlevania III: Dracula's Curse, both of which were also released for the NES. Super Castlevania IV was released in 1991 for the Super NES and follows the same story. A remake for the Sharp X68000 home computer was released in 1993, and was later re-released for the PlayStation as Castlevania Chronicles in 2001.
Castlevania was a financial success and received widespread acclaim. It is considered an NES classic by PC World, while Nintendo Power and Game Informer both ranked it in their lists of the best video games ever made.
Gameplay
Castlevania uses platform gameplay and is divided into six blocks of three stages each, for a total of 18 stages. Simon can move, jump, crouch, climb stairs and use a magic whip (known in the series as the "Vampire Killer") as his primary combat weapon. When the player presses the button to crack the whip, there is a short delay before Simon actually does so. The player begins the game with four lives and five hearts, and must complete the current block of stages before a timer runs out. Simon has a health meter, which decreases whenever he is hit by an enemy or projectile. One life is lost if either the meter or the timer reaches zero, or if Simon falls off the bottom of the screen or is hit by a moving spiked ceiling. Hidden food items restore health, and bonus lives are earned at certain score thresholds. The player fights a boss character, usually themed after a classic horror movie monster such as Frankenstein's monster or the Grim Reaper, at the end of each block, and must win the battle and pick up a red orb that restores all health before time runs out in order to advance. The ultimate goal is to defeat Count Dracula himself and the Curse of Man at the end of Stage 18, triggering the collapse of Dracula's castle and allowing the player to restart the game at an increased difficulty.
Throughout the game, the player can find and use various backup weapons, including throwing knives, axes, vials of holy water, a magical watch that can briefly freeze enemies, and sacred crosses that function as boomerangs. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X12 | X12 or X-12 may refer to:
X12 (New York City bus)
ASC X12, the standard for the development and maintenance of Electronic Data Interchange standards for the United States
Convair X-12, an advanced testbed for the Atlas rocket program
Cummins X12, a diesel engine
SJ X12, a Swedish train.
X-12-ARIMA, software for seasonal adjustment of time series data |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error%20code | In computing, an error code (or a return code) is a numeric or alphanumeric code that indicates the nature of an error and, when possible, why it occurred. Error codes can be reported to end users of software, returned from communication protocols, or used within programs as a method of representing anomalous conditions.
In consumer products
Error codes are commonly encountered on displays of consumer electronics to users in order to communicate or specify an error. They are commonly reported by consumer electronics when users bring electronics to perform tasks that they cannot do (e.g., dividing by zero), or when the program within a device encounters an anomalous condition.
Error codes reported by consumer electronics are used to help diagnose and repair technical problems. An error code can be communicated to relevant support staff to identify potential fixes, or can simplify research into the cause of an error.
There is no definitive format for error codes, meaning that error codes typically differ from/between products and or companies.
In computer programming
Error codes in computers can be passed to the system itself, to judge how to respond to the error. Often error codes come synonymous with an exit code or a return value. The system may also choose to pass the error code to its user(s). The Blue screen of death is an example of how the Windows operating system communicates error codes to the user.
Error codes can be used within a computer program to represent an anomalous condition. A computer program can take different actions depending on the value of an error code.
Different programming languages, operating systems, and programming environments often have their own conventions and standards for the meanings and values of error codes. Examples include:
Unix-like systems have an errno.h header file that contains the meanings and values of error codes returned by system calls and library functions.
Microsoft Windows' application programming interfaces (APIs) have several different standards for error code values, depending on the specific API being used.
The usage of error codes as an error handling strategy is often contrasted against using exceptions for error handling.
In communication protocols
Communication protocols typically define a standard set of error codes, as a means of communicating the status or result of an operation between the entities in the system.
Several high-level protocols in the TCP/IP stack, such as HTTP, FTP, and SMTP, define their own standard sets of error codes:
List of HTTP status codes
List of FTP server return codes
In automobiles
Error codes in automobiles, sometimes referred to as trouble codes, indicate to a driver or car mechanic what is wrong with a vehicle before repairs are initiated.
In vehicles with CAN buses, error codes are often five-digit codes that pinpoint a particular car fault. Car owners can make use of an on-board diagnostics scanner or an owner's manual to identify |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement%20mapping | Displacement mapping is an alternative computer graphics technique in contrast to bump, normal, and parallax mapping, using a texture or height map to cause an effect where the actual geometric position of points over the textured surface are displaced, often along the local surface normal, according to the value the texture function evaluates to at each point on the surface. It gives surfaces a great sense of depth and detail, permitting in particular self-occlusion, self-shadowing and silhouettes; on the other hand, it is the most costly of this class of techniques owing to the large amount of additional geometry.
For years, displacement mapping was a peculiarity of high-end rendering systems like PhotoRealistic RenderMan, while realtime APIs, like OpenGL and DirectX, were only starting to use this feature. One of the reasons for this is that the original implementation of displacement mapping required an adaptive tessellation of the surface in order to obtain enough micropolygons whose size matched the size of a pixel on the screen.
Meaning of the term in different contexts
Displacement mapping includes the term mapping which refers to a texture map being used to modulate the displacement strength. The displacement direction is usually the local surface normal. Today, many renderers allow programmable shading which can create high quality (multidimensional) procedural textures and patterns at arbitrarily high frequencies. The use of the term mapping becomes arguable then, as no texture map is involved anymore. Therefore, the broader term displacement is often used today to refer to a super concept that also includes displacement based on a texture map.
Renderers using the REYES algorithm, or similar approaches based on micropolygons, have allowed displacement mapping at arbitrary high frequencies since they became available almost 20 years ago.
The first commercially available renderer to implement a micropolygon displacement mapping approach through REYES was Pixar's PhotoRealistic RenderMan. Micropolygon renderers commonly tessellate geometry themselves at a granularity suitable for the image being rendered. That is: the modeling application delivers high-level primitives to the renderer. Examples include true NURBS- or subdivision surfaces. The renderer then tessellates this geometry into micropolygons at render time using view-based constraints derived from the image being rendered.
Other renderers that require the modeling application to deliver objects pre-tessellated into arbitrary polygons or even triangles have defined the term displacement mapping as moving the vertices of these polygons. Often the displacement direction is also limited to the surface normal at the vertex. While conceptually similar, those polygons are usually a lot larger than micropolygons. The quality achieved from this approach is thus limited by the geometry's tessellation density a long time before the renderer gets access to it.
This difference between d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in | Plug-in, plug in or plugin may refer to:
Plug-in (computing) is a software component that adds a specific feature to an existing computer program.
Audio plug-in, adds audio signal processing features
Photoshop plugin, a piece of software that enhances the functionality of Adobe Photoshop
Plug-in electric vehicle, type of electric vehicle
Plug-in hybrid, a type of plug-in electric vehicle
Glade PlugIns, fragrance distribution product
Plug Ins, chain of electronics stores owned by Al-Futtaim Group
People with the surname
Vladimir Plugin (1937–2003), Russian historian and art historian
See also
AC power plugs and sockets, two- or three-pronged wall electrical outlets
Add-on (disambiguation)
Browser extension, which modifies the interface and/or behaviour of web browsers
Change of variables, a mathematical procedure wherein substitutions are made in a formula
Plug and play, a common standard for hardware equipment installation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Druid%20Network | The Druid Network is a British druidic (neo-pagan) organisation providing a source of information and inspiration about modern Druidic traditions, practices and their histories. It was founded in February 2003 by Emma Restall Orr, and approved as a religious charity in the United Kingdom in 2010.
Organization
The Druid Network was created in 2003 to help its members and those in society understand and practice Druidry as a religion. "Its practitioners revere their deities, most often perceived as the most powerful forces of nature (such as thunder, sun and earth), spirits of place (such as mountains and rivers), and divine guides of a people (such as Brighid, Rhiannon and Bran)." "Although many see them as robed, mysterious people who gather every summer solstice at Stonehenge — which predates the Druids — believers say modern Druidry is chiefly concerned with helping practitioners connect with nature and themselves through rituals, dancing and singing at stone circles and other sites throughout the country believed to be "sacred.""
A major project of The Druid Network is called Honouring the Ancient Dead, a programme developed in cooperation with the Manchester Museum (U.K.) for the proper and dignified treatment of human remains at ancient archaeological sites in the United Kingdom.
Charity status
In September 2010, the Charity Commission for England and Wales agreed to register The Network as a charity. This was in response to beliefs that of "nature as a core element of Druidry" that involves worship as "a divine being or entity or spiritual principle." Through this decision, the ancient practices of Druidry that have been embraced in a new manner by has been determined to be a religion, with the result that The Druid Network has been assigned charitable status.
The Inter Faith Network
The Druid Network applied for and was initially rejected for membership in The Inter Faith Network in 2012. Two years of dialogue followed involving a discussion at the House of Lords in November 2012, which involved representatives of some twenty different faiths in a debate which was led by the Reverend Peter Owen Jones and a legal opinion from human rights lawyer John Halford. TDN was eventually admitted to The Inter Faith Network on 29 September 2014 and admitted as a full voting member on 19 October 2016.
References
External links
The Druid Network
Brief mention in The Independent
Neo-druidism in Britain
Modern pagan organisations based in the United Kingdom
Religious organizations established in 2003
Modern pagan organizations established in the 2000s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realm-Specific%20IP | Realm-Specific IP was an experimental IETF framework and protocol intended as an alternative to network address translation (NAT) in which the end-to-end integrity of packets is maintained.
RSIP lets a host borrow one or more IP addresses (and UDP/TCP port) from one or more RSIP gateways, by leasing (usually public) IP addresses and ports to RSIP hosts located in other (usually private) addressing realms.
The RSIP client requests registration with an RSIP gateway. The gateway in turn delivers either a unique IP address or a shared IP address and a unique set of TCP/UDP ports and associates the RSIP host address to this address. The RSIP host uses this address to send packets to destinations in the other realm. The tunnelled packets between RSIP host and gateway contain both addresses, and the RSIP gateway strips off the host address header and sends the packet to the destination.
RSIP can also be used to relay traffic between several different privately addressed networks by leasing several different addresses to reach different destination networks.
RSIP should be useful for NAT traversal as an IETF standard alternative to Universal Plug and Play (UPnP).
, the protocol was in the experimental stage and not yet in widespread use.
See also
Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE)
Middlebox Middlebox Communications (MIDCOM)
Simple Traversal of UDP over NATs (STUN)
SOCKS
Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN)
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP)
IETF References
- Realm Specific IP: Framework
- Realm Specific IP: Protocol Specification
- RSIP Support for End-to-end IPsec
Internet protocols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20City%20%28Liverpool%29 | Radio City is an Independent Local Radio station based in Liverpool, England, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Merseyside, Cheshire and parts of north Wales.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 265,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
History
After the introduction of the Sound Broadcasting Act in 1972 which allowed the legal operation of commercial radio in the UK, in 1974, Radio City (Sound of Merseyside) Ltd won the contract to broadcast the Independent Local Radio station for Liverpool and its surrounding areas, with studios originally based in Stanley Street in Liverpool City Centre.
194 Radio City began broadcasting at 5:58a.m. on 21 October 1974, with an announcement by its founding managing director Terry Smith (It's two minutes to six on Monday October 21st 1974. For the very first time, this is 194 Radio City broadcasting to Merseyside). The first song to be played on the station was Stevie Wonder's "You Are the Sunshine of My Life". As reflected in the name, the station originally broadcast on 1548 kHz AM, then known as 194 metres medium wave, from a transmitter at Rainford. The station was also given an FM frequency of 96.7 MHz, but did not begin broadcasting on FM until a few months later, after the transmitter was vandalised. In the early days of Marcher Sound, the evening programmes of the station were simulcasted to the fledgling station, so for a period in the 1980s, Radio City had in theory, four frequencies (Marcher Sound aired on 95.4 MHz and 1260 kHz).
In 1989, the Conservative government enforced new regulation to enable better choice by ceasing the simulcasting of radio stations on both AM and FM. Radio City split its frequencies by continuing its top 40 format on FM under the recently introduced new name City FM. On AM, a new talk station was launched called City Talk 1548 AM. This was unusual as most stations launched 'golden oldie' stations on their former AM frequencies. The City Talk experiment proved short-lived and Radio City Gold launched in its place in 1991, later known as City Gold. The AM service rebranded as Magic 1548 on Monday 17 March 1997.
In 1991, the company was acquired by EMAP Radio, who renamed the main FM station back to a modern version of its original name, as Radio City 96.7, the name it still uses currently. The station left its original Stanley Street base and on Tuesday 18 July 2000, Radio City began broadcasting from St. John's Beacon, which in the past was a revolving restaurant and viewing platform.
The City Talk format was revived when, on 9 November 2006, it was announced by Ofcom that Radio City had beaten competition from rival broadcasters to win a new FM licence for a talk station for the Liverpool area. The new City Talk launched on 28 January 2008 and broadcasts on 105.9FM. Due to poor listening figures, the station has since dropped most of its presenters and had a format change which means, outside of peak lis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KNDB | KNDB (channel 26) is a television station in Bismarck, North Dakota, United States. Owned by BEK Sports Network, Inc., a subsidiary of BEK Communications Cooperative, it is affiliated with multiple networks on various digital subchannels, with Heroes & Icons and BEK Prime on its main channel. KNDB's studios are located on East Interstate Avenue in Bismarck, and its transmitter is located near St. Anthony, North Dakota.
KNDM (channel 24) in Minot, North Dakota operates as a semi-satellite of KNDB extending its signal into the northern portion of the Bismarck–Minot market; this station's transmitter is located near South Prairie. KNDM simulcasts all programming as provided through its parent, but airs separate commercial inserts and station identifications. Although KNDM maintains an advertising sales office on 32nd Avenue SW in Minot, master control and most internal operations are based at KNDB's facilities.
From 1999 until 2014, KNDB was known as KNDX, and KNDM was known as KXND. Collectively, the stations were affiliates of Fox and were founded and previously owned by Prime Cities Broadcasting; in 2014, as part of Gray Television's acquisition of the NBC North Dakota chain from Hoak Media, Excalibur Broadcasting—a shell company affiliated with Gray, attempted to acquire KNDX/KXND from Prime Cities, and have Gray operate them under shared services agreements (SSAs). However, due to growing scrutiny surrounding such agreements and virtual duopoly operations, Gray instead acquired the stations' non-license assets and moved Fox programming to sub-channels of its statewide network of NBC affiliates on June 13, 2014, at which point KNDX and KXND went dark pending their sale to a minority owned broadcaster. The subchannels inherited KNDX/KXND's slots on area cable systems.
The stations' translators—KNDX-LD (channel 38) in Dickinson (previously K38HS) and KXND-LD (channel 38) in Williston (previously K38HA)—were sold outright to Gray and continued to carry Fox programming as a simulcast of the subchannels of NBC affiliates KQCD-TV (channel 7) and KUMV-TV (channel 8), respectively. The licenses for both translators were returned to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in October 2020.
History
The stations signed on in November 1999 as KNDX and KXND, bringing Fox network programming to Western North Dakota for the first time. Prior to KNDX/KXND's inception, cable television subscribers in Bismarck, Minot and Dickinson received now-defunct Foxnet on cable for Fox programming, while areas east of Bismarck received Fox from KJRR in Jamestown. Prior to K38HA's inception, cable television subscribers in the Williston area received Denver's KDVR on cable for Fox programming. Rural cable companies south of Dickinson began to carry KEVN-TV from Rapid City, South Dakota for Fox programming in 1996 (replacing Foxnet), and continue to receive Fox from KEVN-LD. At the outset, KNDX and KXND also carried UPN programming during late nights; this ended when |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CADPAT | Canadian Disruptive Pattern (CADPAT; ) is the computer-generated digital camouflage pattern developed for use by the Canadian Armed Forces. Four operational variations of CADPAT have been used by the Canadian Armed Forces: a temperate woodland pattern, an arid regions pattern, a winter operations pattern, and a multi-terrain pattern.
CADPAT was the first digital camouflage pattern to be used operationally, having been issued in 1997 with the Canadian Armed Forces. The pattern became fully standardized within the Canadian Armed Forces by 2002, having completely replaced the olive-drab operational uniforms formerly used by Regular Force units. The multi-terrain CADPAT variant began development in 2019, and is planned to replace the temperate woodland and arid regions CADPAT variations.
History
Canada's desire for a new soldier system dated back to November 1988 and closely followed efforts in many NATO countries. The first research effort, called Integrated Protective Clothing and Equipment (IPCE) Technology Demonstration, was initiated in 1995 but then was cancelled, due to high systems cost and failure to meet the majority of the requirements. Ongoing operations in the mid-1990s led to the creation of the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Project, which directly addressed the NATO soldier system capability areas of survivability and sustainability. The Canadian Disruptive Pattern was a part of ongoing research and implemented during the CTS Project.
Once CADPAT temperate woodland was finalized, field tests began in 1995. After satisfactory results, CADPAT was adopted by the Canadian Army in 1997; however, testing was not concluded until 2001 once the pattern was trademarked.
The first operational use of the temperate woodland pattern was reported in September 2001 with Canadian soldiers serving in Bosnia and Herzegovina for Palladium Rotation 09. The first operational use of the CADPAT arid regions variant overseas was reported during the War in Afghanistan, when Taliban prisoners of war were seen escorted by armed Canadian commandos in the camo. This nearly made things complicated for the Department of National Defence, since it had said that no Canadian commandos were officially in Afghanistan.
In 2019, tests were conducted for plans to eventually replace the temperate and arid regions patterns in service with the Canadian Armed Forces. Under the Soldier Operational Clothing and Equipment Modernization (SOCEM) project, the Department of National Defence was seeking feedback and advice from users for the trial camouflage known as Prototype J before it made its decision. In 2021, the new multi-terrain CADPAT was selected as the replacement. The new camouflage pattern is expected to be adopted by 2027.
Pattern variations
The Canadian Armed Forces has developed four operational variations of CADPAT: temperate woodland (TW), arid regions (AR), winter operations (WO), and multi-terrain (MT).
The temperate woodland pattern became the standard issue for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Am%20Weasel | I Am Weasel is an American animated television series created by David Feiss for Cartoon Network and produced at Hanna-Barbera. It is the fourth of the network's Cartoon Cartoons. The series centers on I.M. Weasel (voiced by Michael Dorn), a smart, noble, and successful weasel, I.R. Baboon (voiced by Charlie Adler), an unintelligent and rude baboon who is envious of Weasel and acts as both his rival and friend, and the mischievous Red Guy (also voiced by Adler), who often antagonizes the two.
I Am Weasel originally aired as a segment of Cow and Chicken from 1997 to 1999, often airing as the third of three segments in an episode, and was eventually spun off into its own series. A fifth season with 27 new episodes aired from June 10, 1999, to 2000 and joined the original 52 which were previously part of Cow and Chicken. The entire series includes 79 episodes overall.
Premise
The series chronicles the random adventures of two animal frenemies: I.M. Weasel (Michael Dorn) and I.R. Baboon (Charlie Adler). The first one is a famous, heroic, eloquent, highly intelligent and very talented least weasel who always tries to help people out and is thus adored by everybody, constantly shouting his catchphrase "I am Weasel!" while pointing high in the air before going after help. The latter is his foil, an ugly and idiotic hamadryas baboon who is envious of Weasel's success and constantly tries to do better than he does (also doing a victory dance to express his joy when thinking he is doing so), and failing miserably after all due to his total stupidity.
Starting from season two, the Red Guy (Charlie Adler), a main character in Cow and Chicken, also gets that role in I Am Weasel, where he is also referred to as "I.B. Red Guy", an allusion to Weasel's and Baboon's names. His addition to the series makes him gradually take the role of villain from I.R., who becomes more friendly to Weasel, despite still despising him.
As the series progresses, I.M. Weasel, initially showed as an invincible hero, gradually loses the focus to I.R. Baboon, because people are shown to get gradually dumber, sometimes being manipulated by the Red Guy into doing that. In the series finale, I.R. is finally presented as the true star of the show instead of him.
Supporting characters include Loulabelle (Susanne Blakeslee, Teresa Ganzel), Jolly Roger (Dee Bradley Baker) and Admiral Bullets (Jess Harnell, Michael Gough). Many characters from Cow and Chicken make cameo appearances in I Am Weasel from season two, these include: Cow, Chicken (Charlie Adler), Mom, Teacher (Candi Milo), Dad (Dee Bradley Baker), Flem (Howard Morris), and Earl (Dan Castellaneta).
Universe setting
While season one does not have any link to Cow and Chicken universe, from season two, I Am Weasel usually happens in the same universe of that show, as its characters (mainly the Red Guy) usually appear, but, most of the time, in different places. David Feiss, in fact, cross-populated both series as it made the wo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMYV | WMYV (channel 48) is a television station licensed to Greensboro, North Carolina, United States, serving the Piedmont Triad region as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Winston-Salem–licensed ABC affiliate WXLV-TV (channel 45). Both stations share studios on Myer Lee Drive (along US 421) in Winston-Salem, while WMYV's transmitter is located in Randleman (along I-73/US 220).
History
Prior history of UHF channel 48 in the Piedmont Triad
The UHF channel 48 allocation in Greensboro was originally occupied by WUBC, an independent station that operated from 1967 until 1970.
Early history
The current licensed station on channel 48 first signed on the air on May 9, 1981, as WGGT, running a general entertainment format featuring cartoons, classic movies, classic sitcoms, religious programs, and CBS network shows that were preempted by WFMY-TV (channel 2), as well as business news programming from the Financial News Network. It was owned locally by Guilford Broadcasters. The station was initially a strong competitor with the area's other independent station, WJTM-TV (channel 45). However, it took a toll financially.
The Piedmont Triad region was too small at the time to support two independent stations, and there was not enough programming to go around. In addition, WGGT's signal was considerably weaker than rival WJTM's. WGGT fell further behind when TVX Broadcast Group bought WJTM in 1983 and changed its call letters to WNRW. With stronger ownership, WNRW was able to pick clean most of the better programming that was available, and had also beat out WGGT for the Triad's Fox affiliation in 1986. In the mid-1980s, the station aired a program on Sunday mornings called Pet Pals, which showcased a variety of information for people and pets. Co-hosted by Greensboro native Jerry Cunningham, Pet Pals was North Carolina's first weekly program dedicated to pets and became a hit. The most visible on-air personality at WGGT was "Billy Bobb" (created by comedian Dana Lowell), who hosted Billy Bobb's Action Theater and Billy Bobb's Fun Club from January 14, 1987, to December 18, 1991.
WGGT was unable to fill the void left by WNRW joining Fox. Like most early Fox affiliates, WNRW was still essentially programmed as an independent; Fox would not air a full week's worth of programming until 1993. By 1987, WGGT was forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. It managed to stay on the air, albeit with far more barter programming. The financial woes continued unabated and it was close to filing for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in 1991. At the end of December 1991, Act III Broadcasting, which had bought WNRW in 1988, stepped in and bought WGGT's stronger programming, then merged it onto WNRW's schedule. WGGT began simulcasting WNRW, creating a strong combined signal with over 60% overlap in the market. The two stations became known as the "Piedmont Superstation". At that time, Act III took over management of WGGT as well, and nearly al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LMN%20%28TV%20channel%29 | LMN, an initialism for the Lifetime Movie Network, also known as Lifetime Movies, is an American pay television network launched on June 29, 1998 and owned by A&E Networks, a joint venture between the Disney Entertainment division of The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Communications.
LMN carries movies and exclusive shows aimed at women, especially made for television movies. Many, though not all, of the movies that air on the network are Lifetime originals that were first shown on the flagship Lifetime channel; in turn, the network also premieres original films that are later broadcast on Lifetime. Until they ended their involvement in television films in the early 2000s, the network's earliest programming consisted of movies originally meant for broadcast networks.
As of February 2015, LMN is available to approximately 82,031,000 pay television households (70.5% of households with television) in the United States.
An Australian version of the channel launched on September 1, 2020 through Foxtel.
History
The network launched on June 29, 1998, as Lifetime Movie Network, a digital cable and direct broadcast satellite extension of its main network. Variety praised the move as "capitalizing on the expected channel boom from TV’s conversion to digital distribution over the next few years." However, it only reached 3 million of the 70 million pay-television subscribers in the U.S. at the time.
The original format of the network consisted of longer blocks of made-for-television movies with limited commercial interruptions, airing twice a day. As the network grew and broadcast networks ceased producing made-for-TV movies, more commercial breaks were added during its film content. The network also added theatrical film releases to its schedule. The network airs different movies each day, although the movies aired at 8:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. ET each day are re-aired at 12:00 a.m. and 2:00 a.m. (9:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. PT).
On April 19, 2009, the broadcast of Natalee Holloway attracted 3.2 million viewers for the network, more than 1 million of which were among the demographic of women aged 18–49, garnering the highest ratings in the network's history at that time. On August 27, 2009, A+E Networks acquired Lifetime Entertainment Services, which was jointly owned by the former's corporate parents The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation in conjunction with NBCUniversal (which sold its interest to the two other companies in 2011).
On October 13, 2013, the network debuted its first original series, the reality-based murder mystery program Killer Profile. In addition, three series that had previously aired on sister network The Biography Channel – The Haunting Of, I Survived... and Celebrity Ghost Stories – also moved to LMN that year. In March 2014, A+E Networks moved the drama series Those Who Kill to LMN, becoming the first scripted series to air on the network, although it solely moved to LMN to burn off the remaining episodes of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erin%20Ashley%20Darling | Erin Darling is an American television personality, actress, and comedian who has appeared on IFC, AMC, FUEL TV, and Adult Swim on Cartoon Network. She is a self-proclaimed "professional nerd" with a strong fanbase in the Comic Con and genre film communities.
Biography
Darling was born in San Jose, California and graduated from University of Southern California with a BA in Broadcast Journalism.
Career
Darling began her career in entertainment reporting at TMZ.com. She gained a strong internet fan base as producer and host of the live, streaming, and interactive show “Twending” on TheStream.tv which led to on-camera opportunities at IFC, Adult Swim, Clevver Media, Defy Media, FabFitFun, and on daily movie show, AMC Movie Talk.
In 2013 Darling joined popular Internet channel What's Trending as a daily correspondent and host. It was also announced that she would join Shock Til You Drop and The Orchard on a new channel creating content in horror film and media, including reviews and commentary on the latest theatrical movie releases and television programs and is available through The Orchard's Multi Channel Network. She also partnered with Stan Lee, becoming the host of his online content for Marvel Comics and POW! Entertainment.
In 2014 and 2015 she embarked on a nationwide stand-up comedy tour with Tom Green. She was favorable received and reviewed, described as "that fascinatingly snide girl at the party whom everyone wants to dish with" by AXS.com.
In 2015 it was announced that Darling would launch CON TV with Cinedigm and Wizard Entertainment, the first interactive show that would live stream Comic Cons, bringing the convention experience directly to viewers at home.
References
External links
website
Living people
American women journalists
USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism alumni
Mass media people from San Jose, California
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marble%20Blast%20Gold | Marble Blast Gold is a 2002 3D platform game. It was pre-installed on some Apple Inc. computers like the iMac, iBook, and Mac mini. It is also available for Windows operating systems as well as various Linux distributions.
The game was originally released in December 2002 as Marble Blast and then updated in May 2003, being renamed Marble Blast Gold. At some point during 2003, it was also licensed to eGames to be resold under the name Marble Blaster.
The sequel, Marble Blast Ultra, was released a few years later for the Xbox 360 platform with new features and improved graphics. A spiritual successor to Gold and Ultra, Marble It Up, was released for the Nintendo Switch in September 2018, later being ported to Windows and Apple Arcade later that year. Marble Blast XP, a version for the Net Jet online game system, has updated graphics and a marble selector. Marble Blast Gold was also ported over to the Microsoft Xbox through the Xbox Live Arcade service the following year with enhanced graphics.
Modifications of the game have also been created by the Marble Blast community, most notably Marble Blast Platinum, PlatinumQuest, Marble Blast Powered Up, and Marble Blast Emerald.
Gameplay
Basic gameplay involves taking the perspective of an autonomous marble moving on its own from a start pad to an end pad, without falling out of bounds. Levels may contain hazards to make this more difficult. The player controls the marble spin, and therefore movement, and can also make the marble jump. There is a variety of power-ups available, which are collected by touching them with the marble. Some levels must be completed within a Qualification time, to increase difficulty. Each level also has a "Gold Time", an additional challenge to complete the level in a specified time-frame. Each gold time is always possible but usually involves finding hidden powerups and/or taking shortcuts. Some levels require a number of gems to be picked up before the level can be finished. There are 100 levels, categorized by difficulty: 24 Beginner, 24 Intermediate, and 52 Advanced.
Reception
Marble Blast Gold received critical acclaim from critics upon release.
On GameRankings, Marble Blast Gold received an 8.4/10 rating: "Addictive gameplay and sweet levels lead to some of the best fun that $14.99 can buy". On Gametunnel, the game was rated 9/10 overall: "Marble Blast Gold is another great entry into the marble genre and a showpiece for the Torque engine. Highly recommended!" On GamersInfo, the reviewer noted: "The game can be a lot of fun, especially if you are the type that likes to challenge your hand–eye coordination".
See also
Super Monkey Ball
References
2002 video games
3D platform games
EGames (video game developer) games
Linux games
MacOS games
Marble video games
Original Xbox Live Arcade games
Puzzle video games
Single-player video games
Torque (game engine) games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
Xbox games
GarageGames games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Mobile%20Polska | T-Mobile Polska S.A. is a Polish mobile phone network operator. The company was formerly named Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa (lit. "Polish Digital Telephony") and operated under the name Era, until being rebranded as T-Mobile on 5 June 2011. As in other European countries, the company operates a GSM network. Following a decade-long ownership dispute with the French Vivendi corporation, the company has been wholly owned by the German telecommunications provider Deutsche Telekom since 2010.
History
Polska Telefonia Cyfrowa was founded as a company in December 1995, and on 26 February 1996 it won a license to provide telecommunications services paging number 602 and permission to build a mobile radio communication network according to the GSM standard in the 900 MHz band, which was later extended to GSM 1800 MHz. The first test (non-commercial) base stations were launched during the International Trade Fair in June 1996 and a few base stations in Warsaw. The commercial launch of the network took place on 16 September 1996.
At the end of 2004, Era had over 8.6 million customers and was the largest mobile phone network operator in Central Europe, and by the end of June 2011 it had 13.2 million subscribers, placing it third in the market with 30% market share. Era was one of Poland's most recognizable domestic brand names, partly because the company pursued an aggressive advertising campaign that made Era billboards, sponsored events, and other commercials ubiquitous in Poland. Towards the end of 2005, Era became the first mobile phone operator in Poland (and eighth in Europe) to have 10 million customers. The 10,000,000th client signing was celebrated with a concert by Van Morrison in Warsaw. Era was the first operator in the country to launch a HSDPA service in October 2006.
Services
Tak Tak
The company's prepaid mobile phone service was formerly called Tak Tak (Yes Yes), and is now called T-Mobile na kartę.
Heyah
Heyah is a pay-as-you-go flanker brand offered by T-Mobile Polska. The brand was introduced in 2004 as T-Mobile Polska's youth-focused offering but made no reference to either T-Mobile or Era in its branding. Although it is marketed primarily toward young people, it had a substantial effect on the Polish mobile telephony market with its significantly lower prices and one-second billing. Within a month of launch it had attracted over one million users.
Around 2022, Heyah shifted its target market to the Ukrainian minority in Poland.
tuBiedronka
tuBiedronka is a prepaid mobile phone brand offering by T-Mobile Polska in co-operation with the Polish discount supermarket chain Biedronka. The service was launched on 19 January 2009.
My Wallet
In October 2012, the company launched a commercial NFC wallet service in Poland called "MyWallet". The MyWallet services include NFC payment of two Mastercard credit cards and one MIFARE transit fare-collection card.
Marketing
Era signed a two-year sponsorship deal with Polish Basketball League in seaso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TellStar | TellStar was the first graphical astronomy program available for personal computers. It was sold from 1980-1986 by Scharf Software Services, originally for the Apple II then later for IBM PC compatibles. It came in two versions: Level 1, which only plotted the Northern Hemisphere; and Level 2, which was able to plot the entire sky.
TellStar could predict the position of celestial objects on any point of the earth at any time between 0 and 3000AD. Available celestial objects were planets, Messier objects, and stars from 3 different catalogs, totaling to over 600 entries.
Plots could be done in 9 directions, N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW and overhead (a view upwards the sky). Clicking on a star with a joystick or gamepad would give detailed information on each object, including declination, right ascension, magnitude, rising and setting times in sidereal time and Universal Time, and ranges of the year of visibility.
References
External links
Virtual Apple 2 - Online disk archive -- Tellstar
Astronomy software
Apple II software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MuPAD | MuPAD is a computer algebra system (CAS). Originally developed by the MuPAD research group at the University of Paderborn, Germany, development was taken over by the company SciFace Software GmbH & Co. KG in cooperation with the MuPAD research group and partners from some other universities starting in 1997. MuPAD's graphics package was particularly successful, especially considering the era when it was developed.
Until autumn 2005, the version "MuPAD Light" was offered for free for research and education, but as a result of the closure of the home institute of the MuPAD research group, only the version "MuPAD Pro" became available for purchase.
The MuPAD kernel is bundled with Scientific Notebook and Scientific Workplace. Former versions of MuPAD Pro were bundled with SciLab. In MathCAD's version 14 release Mupad was adopted as the CAS engine.
In September 2008, SciFace was purchased by MathWorks and the MuPAD code was included in the Symbolic Math Toolbox add-on for MATLAB. On 28 September 2008, MuPAD was withdrawn from the market as a software product in its own right. However, it is still available in the Symbolic Math Toolbox in MATLAB and can also be used as a stand-alone program by the command mupad entered into the MATLAB terminal.
The MuPAD notebook feature has been removed in MATLAB R2020a. However, MATLAB's Symbolic Math Toolbox still uses the MuPAD language as part of its underlying computational engine. MATLAB Live Editor is the recommended environment for performing, documenting, and sharing symbolic math computations.
Functionality
MuPAD offers:
a computer algebra system to manipulate formulas symbolically
classic and verified numerical analysis in discretionary accuracy
program packages for linear algebra, differential equations, number theory, statistics, and functional programming
an interactive graphic system that supports animations and transparent areas in 3D
a programming language that supports object-oriented programming and functional programming
Often used commands are accessible via menus. MuPAD offers a notebook concept similar to word processing systems that allows the formulation of mathematical problems as well as graphics visualization and explanations in formatted text.
MuPad does not follow the NIST 4.37 definition for inverse hyperbolic cosine.
It is possible to extend MuPAD with C++-routines to accelerate calculations. Java code can also be embedded.
MuPAD's syntax was modeled on Pascal, and is similar to the one used in the Maple computer algebra system. An important difference between the two is that MuPAD provides support for object-oriented programming. This means that each object "carries with itself" the methods allowed to be used on it. For example, after defining
A := matrix( [[1,2],[3,4]] )
all of the following are valid expressions and give the expected result:
A+A, -A, 2*A, A*A, A^-1, exp( A ), A.A, A^0, 0*A
where A.A is the concatenated 2×4 matrix, while all others, including t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Automated%20Fingerprint%20Identification%20System | The Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) is a computerized system maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) since 1999. It is a national automated fingerprint identification and criminal history system. IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses. IAFIS houses the fingerprints and criminal histories of 70 million subjects in the criminal master file, 31 million civil prints and fingerprints from 73,000 known and suspected terrorists processed by the U.S. or by international law enforcement agencies.
Employment background checks cause citizens to be permanently recorded in the system. For instance, the State of Washington mandates that all applicants seeking employment in an inpatient setting that houses vulnerable minors (such as children who are mentally challenged, physically or emotionally ill) are fingerprinted and entered into IAFIS as part of their background check in order to determine if the applicant has any record of criminal behavior.
Fingerprints are voluntarily submitted to the FBI by local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies. These agencies acquire the fingerprints through criminal arrests or from non-criminal sources, such as employment background checks and the US-VISIT program. The FBI then catalogs the fingerprints along with any criminal history linked with the subject.
Law enforcement agencies can then request a search in IAFIS to identify crime scene (latent) fingerprints obtained during criminal investigations. Civil searches are also performed, but the FBI charges a fee and the response time is slower.
A more advanced Next Generation Identification system became operational in 2011.
Technology
The device used for scanning live fingerprints into AFIS is called Live scan. The process of obtaining the prints by way of LiveScan employs rolling prints or placing flat impressions onto a glass platen above a camera unit. The process of obtaining prints by placing a ten-print card (prints taken using ink) onto a flatbed or high-speed scanner is called CardScan (or occasionally DeadScan). In addition to these devices, there are other devices to capture prints from crime scenes, as well as devices (both wired and wireless) to capture one or two live finger impressions. The most common method of acquiring fingerprint images remains the inexpensive ink pad and paper form. Scanning forms ("fingerprint cards") with a forensic AFIS complies with standards established by the FBI and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
To match a print, a fingerprint technician scans in the print in question, and computer algorithms are utilized to mark all minutia points, cores, and deltas detected on the print. In some systems, the technician is allowed to perform a review of the points that the software has detected, and submits the feature set to a one-to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downtown%20Radio | Downtown Radio is a Hot Adult Contemporary music radio station based in Newtownards, County Down, that serves all of Northern Ireland using a network of AM, FM and DAB transmitters.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 288,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
History
The station, also known as DTR or simply Downtown, began broadcasting on 16 March 1976 - the same day as Prime Minister Harold Wilson resigned. The station had a mini-scoop, breaking the news over an hour before BBC Radio Ulster.
Downtown Radio has very much become part of the broadcasting landscape of the entire nine-county province of Ulster. Many of its presenters, such as Trevor 'Big T' Campbell and Candy Devine, are household names - Campbell and Devine have been with Downtown since it began broadcasting.
Initially, Downtown was only contracted to broadcast to the Greater Belfast area, on AM and (later ) FM. However, following the collapse of plans for a station in the Derry region (Northside Sound) in 1983, Downtown applied to the former Independent Broadcasting Authority to extend its coverage. Transmitters covering the North West, the Causeway Coast and Fermanagh/South Tyrone were opened in 1986 and 1987, and the station briefly rebranded itself as 'DTRFM' to reflect its new audience reach.
The station reverted to Downtown Radio again in 1990 following the introduction of its sister station, Cool FM, although the latter only broadcast on the 97.4 frequency in the Greater Belfast area. Other transmitters remained with Downtown.
New FM transmitters in South Down/Armagh, and Mid and East Antrim opened in the 1990s to improve reception in those areas.
The station has been very highly regarded in the past for its news output, and has been a regular stop-off point for radio journalists covering The Troubles in Northern Ireland over a 30 year period. It was the first radio station in Ireland to offer news bulletins, hourly on the hour. Changes in management made in 2007, as well as the success of the peace process, have led to Downtown reducing its news output somewhat. It is notable for being one of the few Independent Local Radio stations to still cater for minority tastes such as gospel and jazz. The country music programmes broadcast several times a week are among Downtown's highest listenership ratings. In December 2012, Downtown opened a small studio in Derry ahead of the city’s year of being UK City of Culture, situated in the Food Quarter within Foyleside Shopping Centre. It remains open and in use, mainly at the weekend with presenter-led programming on Saturday afternoon and Sunday covering a range of events in the region.
Schedules
As of December 2021, the schedule for Downtown Radio is as follows:
Mondays to Fridays
Friday At 19.00 is Paul Orr
and at 22.00 is Paul Kennedy
6.00am - Downtown Breakfast with Gary Myles and Glen Pavis:
10.00am - Caroline Fleck:
1.00pm - Owen Larkin in the afternoon.
4.00pm - Downtown Drive With Neal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest%20Hits%20Radio%20Dumfries%20%26%20Galloway | Greatest Hits Radio Dumfries & Galloway is an Independent Local Radio station based in Glasgow, Scotland, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Greatest Hits Radio Network. It broadcasts to Dumfries and Galloway.
As of September 2023, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 75,000, according to RAJAR.
Overview
The station in Dumfries and Galloway is one of three FM stations forming part of the Greatest Hits Radio network and carries networked programming, with local news and travel.
In September 2019, all local programming from Dumfries ended and local breakfast and drive is coming from Glasgow.
The station was rebranded from West Sound to Greatest Hits Radio Dumfries and Galloway on 3 April 2023.
History
Westsound began broadcasting in May 1990, from studios at Campbell House in the grounds of the Crichton Estate, under the name South West Sound FM.
The station later moved to studios in Dumfries's shopping centre, The Loreburne Centre, where it remained until its local shows were axed in 2019.
On 3rd April 2023, Westsound rebranded to form Scotland’s first national commercial radio station, Greatest Hits Radio, along with its sister stations from the Scottish Greatest Hits Radio Network and Radio Borders. Seven hours of Scottish programming were retained, Ewen & Cat At Breakfast and Webster in the afternoons.
Programming and presenters
Much of the station's programming is produced in Greatest Hits Radio's studios in Dundee, Glasgow and Edinburgh.
Some output is produced from GHR's Birmingham, London and Manchester studios and broadcast on both networks in Scotland and England.
Presenters currently on Greatest Hits Radio Dumfries & Galloway are; Ewen Cameron and Cat Harvey (Ewen & Cat At Breakfast, weekdays 6-10am), Ken Bruce (weekdays 10am-1pm), Stuart Webster (weekdays 1pm-4pm), Simon Mayo (Drivetime weekdays 4pm-7pm and Album Show Sunday 1pm-4pm), Jackie Brambles (Monday-Thursday 7pm-10pm), Martin Kemp (Friday 7pm-10pm), Andy Crane (Sunday-Thursday 10pm-1am), Des Paul (Rhythm Of The Night Friday and Saturday 10pm-1am).
News
The station broadcasts local news bulletins hourly from 6am to 7pm on weekdays and from 7am to 1pm at weekends. Headlines are broadcast on the half-hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows, alongside sport and traffic bulletins.
National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried overnight with bespoke networked Scottish bulletins on weekend afternoons, produced from Radio Clyde's newsroom in Clydebank.
References
External links
Bauer Radio
Greatest Hits Radio
Radio stations in Scotland
Dumfries and Galloway
Radio stations established in 1990 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiss%20105-108 | Kiss 105-108 was an Independent Local Radio station serving East Anglia from the Kiss Network. All programming after 2010 was networked from the national station KISS.
History
The station was founded by the Essex Radio Group, who at the time owned a handful of local radio stations, the largest being Essex FM (now Heart Essex). Shortly after the group was bought by Daily Mail and in 1998 acquired by DMGT.
In 2000, the Essex Radio Group concern of DMGT was purchased by the GWR Group, (now 'Global') in a joint venture with Scottish Radio Holdings (SRH). At this point in time the GWR group also acquired Galaxy 101 in Bristol (Renamed to Vibe 101) from the Chrysalis media group (now 'Global'), extending the Vibe brand to South Wales and the West. For ownership reasons, the two Vibe stations were 'owned' by Vibe Radio Holdings, a company invented by and jointly owned by GWR and SRH.
SRH bought both Vibe stations outright from GWR in 2003.
In June 2005 the EMAP group acquired SRH. Emap's radio stations and public magazines was then bought by Bauer in January 2008.
In July 2023, Ofcom approved Bauer's request to change the programming transmitted on 105.6 MHz (Cambridge), 106.4 MHz (Suffolk) and 107.7 MHz (Peterborough) tranmsmitters to Greatest Hits Radio, leaving Kiss on 106.1 MHz (Norwich). The change was approved despite opposition from Nation Broadcasting and Star on the basis that Bauer could demonstrate market demand for the change of format.
Audience figures
The station achieved RAJAR 11 consecutive quarterly year on year increases whilst local programmed during key dayparts (under Programme Director Glen White with Stuart Grant on the breakfast show and Michael Lewis on Drive time) from 2007 to 2010.
Technical
FM
Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire, North Essex 106.4 FM Mendlesham transmitting station Main Transmitter.
North East Norfolk 106.1 FM Stoke Holy Cross Filler Transmitter.
Cambridgeshire 105.6 & 107.7 FM Madingley & Gunthorpe Filler Transmitters.
The station had four transmitters in the East of England, Mendlesham transmitting station in Suffolk on 106.4 at 20KW which could be heard across Suffolk, Norfolk, Cambridgeshire and North Essex. It also had three filler transmitters provided to serve the major cities and surrounding towns. From Stoke Holy Cross near Norwich on 106.1 at 4KW to North Walsham, Wymondham and Great Yarmouth. From Madingley near Cambridge on 105.6 at 1KW to Ely, Newmarket and St Ives and Gunthorpe in Peterborough on 107.7 at a lower power of 200W, which can be heard across the whole of Greater Peterborough, Market Deeping, Crowland, Spalding, Yaxley and Whittlesey.
Kiss 105-108 could frequently be heard across South Lincolnshire, South Essex, and even the edge of Bedfordshire and Greater London, although it does not serve these areas.
DAB
Kiss 105-108 broadcast on DAB format to Cambridge, Norwich and Peterborough, however this was replaced by a national relay of Kiss 100 in 2013.
See also
Kiss Network |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced%20Disc%20Filing%20System | The Advanced Disc Filing System (ADFS) is a computing file system unique to the Acorn computer range and RISC OS-based successors. Initially based on the rare Acorn Winchester Filing System, it was renamed to the Advanced Disc Filing System when support for floppy discs was added (using a WD1770 floppy disc controller) and on later 32-bit systems a variant of a PC-style floppy controller.
Acorn's original Disc Filing System was limited to 31 files per disk surface, 7 characters per file name and a single character for directory names, a format inherited from the earlier Atom and System 3–5 Eurocard computers. To overcome some of these restrictions Acorn developed ADFS. The most dramatic change was the introduction of a hierarchical directory structure. The filename length increased from 7 to 10 letters and the number of files in a directory expanded to 47. It retained some superficial attributes from DFS; the directory separator continued to be a dot and $ now indicated the hierarchical root of the filesystem. ^ was used to refer to the parent directory, @ the current directory, and \ was the previously-visited directory.
The BBC Master Compact contained ADFS version 2.0, which provided the addition of format, verify and backup commands in ROM, but omitted support for hard discs.
8-bit usage
ADFS on 8-bit systems required a WD1770 or later 1772-series floppy controller, owing to the inability of the original Intel 8271 chip to cope with the double-density format ADFS required. ADFS could however be used to support hard discs without a 1770 controller present; in development the use of hard discs was the primary goal, extension to handle floppies came later. The 1770 floppy controller was directly incorporated into the design of the Master Series and B+ models, and was available as an upgrade board for the earlier Model B. ADFS could be added to Model B and B+ systems with an additional upgrade.
The Acorn Plus 3, Acorn's official disc expansion for the Acorn Electron, was supplied with ADFS as standard, but this implementation featured various notable bugs. A file called was "required by the system" and created during formatting. This was a kludge. Acorn's original ADFS implementation on the Electron was unreliable when writing to the first few tracks of a floppy disc, so this was a "fix" and simply involved writing a file full of garbage to the suspect part. The ADFS would then skip it. Disc corruption could also occur if attempting to use the command without disabling the blinking text cursor. Hugo Tyson, principal ADFS developer, recalls that this bug was found during late testing but not fixed in the initial ROM release in order to avoid late changes, as workarounds exist.
On the Electron, disc formatting was done via the command instead of the established / DFS commands. Note additionally that the command differs from the equivalent command for the 1770 ADFS on the BBC Microcomputer. This is possibly as a result of needing to create |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WGTW-TV | WGTW-TV (channel 48) is a television station licensed to Millville, New Jersey, United States, owned and operated by the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). It previously served the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, television market, but can now only be received over-the-air in Southern New Jersey. The station's transmitter is shared with True Crime Network affiliate WMGM-TV (channel 40) and is located along Avalon Boulevard in the Swainton section of Middle Township, New Jersey.
Channel 48 was originally allocated to Burlington, New Jersey, and was used by WKBS-TV from 1965 to 1983. That independent station folded in 1983 as a result of the dissolution of its owner, Field Communications. Nearly immediately, applicants filed to the Federal Communications Commission to build a new station on the channel; in 1986, the FCC selected Black radio station owner Dorothy Brunson. Appeals and delays in securing financing delayed the station's start until August 1992. It broadcast primarily older movies and sitcoms as well as some local programs; it ran on a limited budget compared to similar stations in the market.
TBN acquired WGTW-TV from Brunson in 2004. It continued to maintain a physical presence in the Philadelphia area for another 15 years, most of that time from a studio in Folcroft, Pennsylvania. In the 2017 incentive auction, TBN sold the station's spectrum; it began sharing the channel of WMGM-TV, requiring a city of license change and removing its signal from most of the Philadelphia metro area.
History
Prior use of channel 48 in Burlington, New Jersey
The channel 48 allocation, which had been located at Burlington, New Jersey, until 2017, was first occupied by WKBS-TV, an independent station founded by Kaiser Broadcasting that broadcast from September 1965 to August 1983. For years, WKBS-TV was a popular independent station, but began to lose market share to WTAF-TV (channel 29, now WTXF-TV) and WPHL-TV (channel 17) by the early 1980s. WKBS-TV's final owner Field Communications, which was in the process of being broken up due to disagreements among its controlling family, could not find a buyer and opted to surrender the station's license and liquidate the station's assets in lieu of selling WKBS-TV as a going concern, even though it still turned a profit.
A new 48
With WKBS-TV having surrendered its license, the doors were open for applicants to file to build a new station on the channel. The major-market allocation attracted intense interest, with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) designating 11 bids for comparative hearing in 1984. Bidders included Cornerstone Television, a Christian broadcaster from Pittsburgh; Dorothy Brunson, a Black radio executive and station owner from Baltimore; and BCT Communications, which included former CBS president Arthur R. Taylor. The Spanish International Network, which also applied, was ruled to already be at the FCC's seven-station limit.
By the time the hearing began in October, the field had |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20Explorer%20shell | An Internet Explorer shell is any computer program (web browser or otherwise) that uses the Internet Explorer browser engine, known as MSHTML and previously Trident. This engine is closed-source, but Microsoft has exposed an application programming interface (API) that permits the developers to instantiate either MSHTML or a full-fledged chromeless Internet Explorer (known as the WebBrowser control) within the graphical user interface of their software.
Web browsers
These applications supplement some of the usual user interface components of Internet Explorer (IE) for browsing, adding features such as popup blocking and tabbed browsing. For example, MSN Explorer can be considered an Internet Explorer shell, in that it is essentially an expansion of IE with added MSN-related functionality. A more complete list of MSHTML-based browsers can be found under the list of web browsers.
Actively maintained:
IE Tab
Lunascape
Maxthon (formerly MyIE2)
MSN Explorer
Sleipnir
SlimBrowser
Tencent Traveler
Discontinued:
AOL Explorer
Avant Browser
Deepnet Explorer
GreenBrowser
NeoPlanet
NetCaptor
Netscape Browser 8.x
Non-browser shells
Other applications that are not primarily for web browsing, such as Intuit's Quicken and QuickBooks, AOL, Winamp, and RealPlayer, use the rendering engine to provide a limited-functionality "mini" browser within their own user interfaces.
On Windows, components of Internet Explorer are also used in Windows Explorer, the operating system shell that provides the default file system browsing and desktop services. For example, folder views in Windows Explorer on versions of Windows prior to Windows XP utilize IE's DHTML processing abilities; they are essentially little web pages. Active Desktop technology is another example.
MSHTML was, until Outlook 2007, also used to render HTML portions of email messages in Microsoft Outlook and Outlook Express email clients (Outlook 2007 now uses Microsoft Word to render HTML e-mail). This integration, while convenient, is an often-exploited "back door", since the Internet Explorer components make available more of the functionality within the HTML code than some feel should be permitted in the context of email messages, and Outlook and Outlook Express have, historically, not done enough to prevent malicious code from taking advantage of that functionality. The latest updates for Outlook Express, which require Windows XP and are distributed with Service Pack 2, are intended to improve this situation. Outlook 2003 already includes many of the updates.
Microsoft Windows also supports HTML Applications, computer programs written in HTML, CSS and JavaScript and bear a .hta filename extension. They run with HTML Application Host, which is a plain Internet Explorer shell without any GUI elements around it.
See also
Browser Helper Object: another way of customizing Internet Explorer's look and feel
References
Internet Explorer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo%20Nuestro%20Awards | The Lo Nuestro Awards or Premios Lo Nuestro (Spanish for "Ours") is a Spanish-language awards show honoring the best of Latin music, presented by Univision, a Spanish-language television network based in the United States. The awards began in 1989.
The artist with the most Premios Lo Nuestro awards is Puerto Rican singer Olga Tañón.
The awards ceremony features famous Latino actors, musicians and show business personalities. The show is broadcast all over the Americas. In February 2006, Univision announced that closed captioning in English would be offered for the first time in the history of the broadcast. The 2013 edition, which officially marked its 25th anniversary on the network, was dedicated to singer Jenni Rivera after her death in December 2012.
Background
In 1989, the Lo Nuestro Awards were established by Univision, to recognize the most talented performers of Latin music. The nominees were initially selected by Univision and Billboard magazine, and the winners chosen by the public. Nominees and winners for the Lo Nuestro Awards were selected by a voting poll conducted among program directors of Spanish-language radio stations in the United States and the results were tabulated and certified by the accounting firm Arthur Andersen. The trophy awarded is shaped like a treble clef. The categories included were for the Pop, Tropical/Salsa, Regional Mexican and Music Video fields before the 2000 awards, from 2001 onwards categories were expanded and included a Rock field; for the Regional Mexican genre a Ranchera, Grupero, Tejano and Norteño fields were added; and Traditional, Merengue and Salsa performances were also considered in the Tropical/Salsa field. Before the Latin Grammy Awards inception, the Lo Nuestro Awards were considered as the Grammy Award equivalent for Latin music. Therefore, the Lo Nuestro ceremony was advanced from May to February since the 1st Latin Grammy Awards were held in September, 2000. The eligibility period for songs to be nominated are from October 1 to September 30.
Premio Lo Nuestro host cities
Premio Lo Nuestro a la Excelencia
In addition to categories for different genres of music, the honors include "Premio Lo Nuestro a la Excelencia", (literally, The "Ours" award for Excellence), a career or lifetime achievement award.
Notes
A. For the 2018 Lo Nuestro Awards, Univision commemorated the 30th anniversary of the awards by only presenting special awards. No nominations were presented that year.
References
External links
Premio lo Nuestro Official Site
Latin music awards
Hispanic American music
Univision original programming
Awards established in 1989
1989 establishments in Florida |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20FM%20%28Lancashire%29 | Rock FM is an Independent Local Radio station based in Manchester, England, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Lancashire, North West England.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 207,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
Overview
Originally launched in 1982 as Red Rose Radio, transmitting on 97.3 MHz and 999 kHz (301m MW). The FM frequency transmission changed when the station split to 97.4 MHz in 1990.
In 1990, Red Rose Radio was split into two stations - Red Rose Rock FM using the FM frequency and Red Rose Gold on the medium wave frequency. Rock FM was given its name as the station was initially going to be based in Blackpool, Lancashire. However the agreement for the studio premises subsequently fell through and the station remained in Preston.
The managing director was Dave Lincoln, with Mark Matthews as programme director, and at that time the station was owned by the Miss World Group, later known as Trans World Communications (owned by Owen Oyston) and which subsequently became part of Bauer Radio (previously EMAP Radio).
The total survey area of the station for RAJAR is broadly defined as western, southern and central Lancashire including parts of Greater Manchester and Merseyside, but the station is audible on FM from Cumbria down into Wales towards The West Midlands and minor parts of North Shropshire
For over thirty years, Rock FM was based at studios in a converted church (St. Paul's) in Preston. The station consistently rates as the number one commercial radio station in its target service area by reach, share and hours. Over a quarter of all adults in its market listen every week.
In January 2020, Bauer announced Rock FM would cease broadcasting from its Preston studios and co-locate with Hits Radio at Bauer's Northern headquarters in Manchester the following month. The station retains local news, advertising and charity staff at offices elsewhere in the city.
As of February 2020, the station broadcasts from studios outside its broadcast area at Bauer's Manchester headquarters.
Programming
Rock FM's programming is produced and broadcast on weekdays from 6am-10am, from Bauer's headquarters in the Castlefield area of Manchester, and is presented by Joel Ross.
News
Rock FM broadcasts local news bulletins hourly from 6am-7pm on weekdays, from 7am-1pm on Saturdays and Sundays. Headlines are broadcast on the half hour during weekday breakfast and drivetime shows, alongside traffic bulletins.
National bulletins from Sky News Radio are carried overnight with bespoke networked bulletins on weekend afternoons, originating from Bauer's Manchester newsroom.
References
External links
Bauer Radio
Hits Radio
Radio stations in Lancashire
Mass media in Preston
Radio stations established in 1982
1982 establishments in England
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TFM%20%28radio%20station%29 | TFM is an Independent Local Radio station based in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, owned and operated by Bauer as part of the Hits Radio network. It broadcasts to Teesside and surrounding areas of County Durham and North Yorkshire.
As of September 2023, the station has a weekly audience of 127,000 listeners according to RAJAR.
History
Radio Tees
Radio Tees opened at 6am on Tuesday 24 June 1975, broadcasting on 257 metres medium wave from the converted Water Board buildings at 74 Dovecot Street, Stockton-on-Tees.
The first presenter on air was breakfast show host Les Ross and the first record played was "Everything's Tuesday" by Chairmen of the Board. By the autumn of that year, Radio Tees was also broadcasting on 95 VHF - the first local radio station in the area to broadcast on FM.
By the mid-1980s Radio Tees found itself in financial difficulties, and in 1986, its parent company, Sound Broadcasting (Teesside) Ltd, was bought by Metropolitan Broadcasting (or the Metro Radio group as it was known, for it owned Metro Radio in Newcastle upon Tyne). In November, that year Radio Tees moved its FM frequency to 96.6 in a direct swap with BBC Radio Cleveland (currently known as BBC Radio Tees).
TFM
In January 1988, thirteen years after launch, Radio Tees was rebranded to TFM 96.60 after being taken over by Newcastle upon Tyne-based Metro Radio Group. This relaunch also helped modernise the brand. Shortly after this, in April 1989, its 257 metres, 1170 kHz medium wave frequency was split and this became Great North Radio (GNR). This was launched after broadcasting rules meant TFM could not broadcast on both FM and medium wave.
In 1992 TFM vacated its old Dovecot Street studios and moved to new, purpose-built studios in Thornaby-on-Tees.
In 1995 Metropolitan Broadcasting was taken over by EMAP; 'TFM' was renamed '96.6 TFM' and brought into EMAP's north of England Independent Local Radio Big City Network.
In July 2007, 96.6 TFM was rebranded TFM Radio and re-adopted the slogan 'Today's Favourite Music' which had first been used in the late 1990s. In 2008, EMAP plc was bought by Bauer Media, a privately owned German-based family business, with the radio group being renamed Bauer Place.
Merger
On Monday 8 April 2013, all programming was shared with sister station Metro Radio in Newcastle. The TFM branding was retained along with separate news bulletins and advertising. The two stations were able to merge without consultation because both the TFM and Metro licence areas are located in one OFCOM-approved broadcast area (North East England).
The TFM studios in Thornaby were closed and remaining staff were moved to Newcastle. Most on-air staff were made redundant, including breakfast presenters Wayne Tunnicliffe and Amy McConnell, who were replaced by Metro Radio counterparts Steve Furnell and Karen Wight., although two journalists continued to be based locally for news-gathering in the TFM area. Despite the merger, RAJAR reported an increase in weekl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuttering%20equivalence | In theoretical computer science, stuttering equivalence, a relation written as
,
can be seen as a partitioning of paths and into blocks, so that states in the block of one path are labeled () the same as states in the block of the other path. Corresponding blocks may have different lengths.
Formally, this can be expressed as two infinite paths and being stuttering equivalent () if there are two infinite sequences of integers and such that for every block holds .
Stuttering equivalence is not the same as bisimulation, since bisimulation cannot capture the semantics of the 'eventually' (or 'finally') operator found in linear temporal/computation tree logic (branching time logic)(modal logic). So-called branching bisimulation has to be used.
References
Formal methods
Logic in computer science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural%20texture | In computer graphics, a procedural texture is a texture created using a mathematical description (i.e. an algorithm) rather than directly stored data. The advantage of this approach is low storage cost, unlimited texture resolution and easy texture mapping. These kinds of textures are often used to model surface or volumetric representations of natural elements such as wood, marble, granite, metal, stone, and others.
Usually, the natural look of the rendered result is achieved by the usage of fractal noise and turbulence functions. These functions are used as a numerical representation of the "randomness" found in nature.
Solid texturing
Solid texturing is a process where the texture generating function is evaluated over at each visible surface point of the model so the resulting material properties (like color, shininess or normal) depends only on their 3D position, not their parametrized 2D surface position like in traditional 2D texture mapping. Consequently, solid textures are unaffected by distortions of the surface parameter space, such as you might see near the poles of a sphere. Also, continuity between the surface parameterization of adjacent patches isn't a concern either. Solid textures will remain consistent and have features of constant size regardless of distortions in the surface coordinate systems.
Initially these functions were based on simple combination of procedural noise functions like Simplex noise or Perlin noise. Currently a vast arsenal of techniques are available, ranging from structured regular texture (like a brick wall), to structured irregular textures (like a stonewall), to purely stochastic textures.
Cellular texturing
Cellular texturing differs from the majority of other procedural texture generating techniques as it does not depend on noise functions as its basis, although it is often used to complement the technique. Cellular textures are based on feature points which are scattered over a three-dimensional space. These points are then used to split up the space into small, randomly tiled regions called cells. These cells often look like "lizard scales", "pebbles", or "flagstones". Even though these regions are discrete, the cellular basis function itself is continuous and can be evaluated anywhere in space. Worley noise is a common type of cellular texture.
Genetic textures
Genetic texture generation is an experimental approach to generate textures. It is an automated process guided by a human moderator. The flow of control usually has a computer generate a set of texture candidates. From these, a user picks a selection. The computer then generates another set of textures by mutating and crossing over elements of the user selected textures. For more information on exactly how this mutation and cross over generation method is achieved, see Genetic algorithm. The process continues until a suitable texture for the user is generated.
As the outcome is difficult to control, this method is typically used |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDDR3%20SDRAM | GDDR3 SDRAM (Graphics Double Data Rate 3 SDRAM) is a type of DDR SDRAM specialized for graphics processing units (GPUs) offering less access latency and greater device bandwidths. Its specification was developed by ATI Technologies in collaboration with DRAM vendors including Elpida Memory, Hynix Semiconductor, Infineon (later Qimonda) and Micron. It was later adopted as a JEDEC standard.
Overview
It has much the same technological base as DDR2, but the power and heat dispersal requirements have been reduced somewhat, allowing for higher performance memory modules, and simplified cooling systems. GDDR3 is not related to the JEDEC DDR3 specification. This memory uses internal terminators, enabling it to better handle certain graphics demands. To improve throughput, GDDR3 memory transfers 4 bits of data per pin in 2 clock cycles.
The GDDR3 interface transfers two 32 bit wide data words per clock cycle from the I/O pins. Corresponding to the 4n-prefetch a single write or read access consists of a 128 bit wide, one-clock-cycle data transfer at the internal memory core and four corresponding 32 bit wide, one-half-clock-cycle data transfers at the I/O Pins. Single-ended unidirectional Read and Write Data strobes are transmitted simultaneously with Read and Write data respectively in order to capture data properly at the receivers of both the Graphics SDRAM and the controller. Data strobes are organized per byte of the 32 bit wide interface.
Commercial implementation
Despite being designed by ATI, the first card to use the technology was nVidia's GeForce FX 5700 Ultra in early 2004, where it replaced the GDDR2 chips used up to that time. The next card to use GDDR3 was nVidia's GeForce 6800 Ultra, where it was key in maintaining reasonable power requirements compared to the card's predecessor, the GeForce 5950 Ultra. ATI began using the memory on its Radeon X800 cards. GDDR3 was Sony's choice for the PlayStation 3 gaming console's graphics memory, although its nVidia based GPU is also capable of accessing the main system memory, which consists of XDR DRAM designed by Rambus Incorporated (Similar technology is marketed by nVidia as TurboCache in PC platform GPUs). Microsoft's Xbox 360 has 512 MB of GDDR3 memory. Nintendo's Wii also contains 64 MB of GDDR3 memory.
Advantages of GDDR3 over DDR2
GDDR3's strobe signal unlike DDR2 SDRAM is unidirectional & single-ended (RDQS, WDQS). This means there is a separate read and write data strobe allowing for a quicker read to write ratio than DDR2.
GDDR3 has a hardware reset capability allowing it to flush all data from memory and then start again.
Lower voltage requirements leads to lower power requirements, and lower heat output.
Higher clock frequencies, due to lower heat output, this is beneficial for increased throughput and more precise timings.
See also
List of interface bit rates
References
External links
JEDEC Standard 3.11.5.7 - GDDR3 Specific SGRAM Functions
SDRAM |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream%20Control%20Transmission%20Protocol | The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a computer networking communications protocol in the transport layer of the Internet protocol suite. Originally intended for Signaling System 7 (SS7) message transport in telecommunication, the protocol provides the message-oriented feature of the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), while ensuring reliable, in-sequence transport of messages with congestion control like the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Unlike UDP and TCP, the protocol supports multihoming and redundant paths to increase resilience and reliability.
SCTP is standardized by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in . The SCTP reference implementation was released as part of FreeBSD version 7, and has since been widely ported to other platforms.
Formal oversight
The IETF Signaling Transport (SIGTRAN) working group defined the protocol (number 132) in October 2000, and the IETF Transport Area (TSVWG) working group maintains it. defines the protocol. provides an introduction.
Message-based multi-streaming
SCTP applications submit data for transmission in messages (groups of bytes) to the SCTP transport layer. SCTP places messages and control information into separate chunks (data chunks and control chunks), each identified by a chunk header. The protocol can fragment a message into multiple data chunks, but each data chunk contains data from only one user message. SCTP bundles the chunks into SCTP packets. The SCTP packet, which is submitted to the Internet Protocol, consists of a packet header, SCTP control chunks (when necessary), followed by SCTP data chunks (when available).
SCTP may be characterized as message-oriented, meaning it transports a sequence of messages (each being a group of bytes), rather than transporting an unbroken stream of bytes as in TCP. As in UDP, in SCTP a sender sends a message in one operation, and that exact message is passed to the receiving application process in one operation. In contrast, TCP is a stream-oriented protocol, transporting streams of bytes reliably and in order. However TCP does not allow the receiver to know how many times the sender application called on the TCP transport passing it groups of bytes to be sent out. At the sender, TCP simply appends more bytes to a queue of bytes waiting to go out over the network, rather than having to keep a queue of individual separate outbound messages which must be preserved as such.
The term multi-streaming refers to the capability of SCTP to transmit several independent streams of chunks in parallel, for example transmitting web page images simultaneously with the web page text. In essence, it involves bundling several connections into a single SCTP association, operating on messages (or chunks) rather than bytes.
TCP preserves byte order in the stream by including a byte sequence number with each segment. SCTP, on the other hand, assigns a sequence number or a message-id to each message sent in a stream. This allows independent orderin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Embassy | American Embassy may refer to:
Any of the embassies maintained by the US
The American Embassy, a short-lived television show on the Fox network |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME%20Videos | GNOME Videos, formerly known as Totem, is a media player (audio and video) for the GNOME computer desktop environment. GNOME Videos uses the Clutter and GTK+ toolkits. It is officially included in GNOME starting from version 2.10 (released in March 2005), but de facto it was already included in most GNOME environments. Totem utilizes the GStreamer framework for playback, though until version 2.27.1, it could alternatively be configured to use the Xine libraries instead of GStreamer.
GNOME Videos is free and open-source software subject to the requirements of the GPL-2.0-or-later license.
Features
Until recently there were two distinct versions of Totem, though the difference was not visible at the user interface level. One of them was based on GStreamer, which is a plugin-based multimedia framework. This version has superior extensibility and supports a larger variety of media formats. The other one was based on xine, which is a regular multimedia library. At the time the latter had better encrypted DVD playback support, DVD navigation support and could play some files the GStreamer version couldn't handle. Due to enhancements in GStreamer including the ability to play back encrypted DVDs, the Totem development team dropped support for the xine backend.
Totem is closely integrated with the GNOME desktop environment and its file manager, GNOME Files. This includes generating thumbnails of video files when browsing in GNOME Files and a video plugin for Netscape-compatible browsers (e.g. Firefox and GNOME Web).
Thanks to a large number of plugins developed for GStreamer, Totem is able to play all mainstream media formats, both open and proprietary ones. It also understands numerous playlist formats, including SHOUTcast, M3U, XML Shareable Playlist Format (XSPF), SMIL, Windows Media Player playlists and RealAudio playlists. Playlists are easily manageable using drag-and-drop features.
Full-screen video playback is supported on nearly all X configurations, including multi-head Xinerama setups, and on displays connected to the TV-Out. Brightness, contrast and saturation of the video can be dynamically adjusted during playback. 4.0, 4.1, 5.0, 5.1 and stereophonic sound is supported. On computers with an infrared port, Totem can be remotely controlled via LIRC. Stills can be easily captured without resorting to external programs. There is also a plugin for telestrator-like functionality using Gromit. The loading of external SubRip subtitles, both automatic and manual (via the command line), is also supported.
The player was known as Totem. With the release of version 3.5.90, the name was changed to Videos. The name 'Totem', remained in 'de facto' use (the executable, for example, still uses the Totem name, as does its package in Debian).
GNOME 3.12 revamped the user interface radically and added support for direct playback from online video channels such as Guardian and Apple trailers.
Video acceleration
Whether GNOME Videos can offload computat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HGTV | HGTV (an initialism for Home & Garden Television) is an American pay television channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. The network primarily broadcasts reality programming related to home improvement and real estate. As of February 2015, approximately 95,628,000 American households (82.2% of households with television) receive HGTV. The network was bought by Warner Bros. Discovery, then known as Discovery, Inc., in 2018, and it has come to be ranked at No. 4 in audience size among cable networks.
History
Kenneth W. Lowe (then a radio executive with The E. W. Scripps Company and, subsequently, the chief executive officer of Scripps Networks Interactive) envisioned the concept of HGTV in 1992. With modest financial support from the E.W. Scripps corporate board, he purchased Cinetel, a small video production company in Knoxville, as the base and production hub of the new network. Lowe cofounded the channel with Susan Packard.
Cinetel became Scripps Productions, but it found producing more than thirty programs simultaneously daunting. The organization brought in former CBS television executive Ed Spray, who implemented a system of producing (nearly all) programming through independent production houses around the United States. Burton Jablin, as Vice President of Programming, set the tone and oversaw the production of the early series. About 90 percent of the channel's programming consisted of original productions at launch, with ten percent licensed and rerun from Canadian channels, PBS, and other sources.
Using local Scripps cable franchises (since divested), the Federal Communications Commission "must carry" provisions of Scripps medium-market television stations, and other small television operators to gain cable carriage, the channel launched on December 30, 1994. The major programming themes, unchanged since the beginning, were home building and remodeling, landscaping and gardening, decorating and design, and crafts and hobbies.
During its development, the channel was originally named the Home, Lawn, and Garden Channel. The name was later shortened and a logo was developed. The logo was amended in 2010, with this version debuting on March 1 of that year. The square with the "G" in it was removed, the roof was increased in size and the "HGTV" letters are now set in Gotham Black (from the original mixture of Futura and Times New Roman), with the other Gotham fonts being used around the network. The network debuted with a skeletal staff, but with gradual acceptance by other cable operators, it now reaches 94 million households in the United States and has either partner networks, or network interests, internationally elsewhere. It is now referred to simply as "HGTV"; the full name of the channel is de-emphasized.
In July 2008, the E.W. Scripps Company spun off the channel and the other Scripps cable channels and web-based properties into a separate company, Scripps Networks Interactive; E.W. Scripps broadcast television and newspaper prope |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powered%20exoskeleton | A powered exoskeleton (also known as power armor, powered armor, powered suit, cybernetic suit, robot armor, robot suit, high-tech armor, robotic armor, robot armor suit, cybernetic armor, exosuit, hardsuit, exoframe or augmented mobility) is a mobile machine that is wearable over all or part of the human body, providing ergonomic structural support and powered by a system of electric motors, pneumatics, levers, hydraulics or a combination of cybernetic technologies, while allowing for sufficient limb movement with increased strength and endurance. The exoskeleton is designed to provide better mechanical load tolerance, and its control system aims to sense and synchronize with the user's intended motion and relay the signal to motors which manage the gears. The exoskeleton also protects the user's shoulder, waist, back and thigh against overload, and stabilizes movements when lifting and holding heavy items.
A powered exoskeleton differs from a passive exoskeleton, as the latter has no intrinsic actuator and relies completely on the user's own muscles for movements, adding more stress and making the user more prone to fatigue, although it does provide mechanical benefits and protection to the user. This also explains the difference of an exoskeleton to orthotics, as orthosis mainly aims to promote progressively increased muscle work and, in the best case, regain and improve existing muscle functions. Currently, there are products that can help humans reduce their energy consumption by as much as 60 percent while carrying things.
History
The earliest-known exoskeleton-like device was an apparatus for assisting movement developed in 1890 by Russian engineer Nicholas Yagin. It used energy stored in compressed gas bags to assist in movement, although it was passive and required human power. In 1917, United States inventor Leslie C. Kelley developed what he called a pedomotor, which operated on steam power with artificial ligaments acting in parallel to the wearer's movements. This system was able to supplement human power with external power.
In the 1960s, the first true 'mobile machines' integrated with human movements began to appear. A suit called Hardiman was co-developed by General Electric and the US Armed Forces. The suit was powered by hydraulics and electricity and amplified the wearer's strength by a factor of 25, so that lifting would feel like lifting . A feature called force feedback enabled the wearer to feel the forces and objects being manipulated.
The Hardiman had major limitations, including its weight. It was also designed as a master-slave system: the operator was in a master suit surrounded by the exterior slave suit, which performed work in response to the operator's movements. The response time for the slave suit was slow compared to a suit constructed of a single layer, and bugs caused "violent and uncontrollable motion by the machine" when moving both legs simultaneously. Hardiman's slow walking speed of 0.76 metres per |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKAN | The Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) is an open-source open data portal for the storage and distribution of open data. Initially inspired by the package management capabilities of Debian Linux, CKAN has developed into a powerful data catalogue system that is mainly used by public institutions seeking to share their data with the general public.
CKAN's codebase is maintained by the Open Knowledge Foundation. The system is used both as a public platform on Datahub and in various government data catalogues, such as the UK's data.gov.uk, the Dutch National Data Register, the United States government's Data.gov and the Australian government's "Gov 2.0". The state government of South Australia also makes government data freely available to the public on the CKAN platform. The Italian government makes available the open data of the Data & Analytics Framework on the CKAN platform.
Internal technology
CKAN's back end, the part running on the Web server, is written mainly in Python. The web pages it offers to users browsers include JavaScript. CKAN maintains information about the data sets to be offered to users in PostgreSQL databases. Searches are implemented by Solr. CKAN installations can be queried through Web APIs.
Future of the project
The CKAN Stewardship proposal jointly put forward by Link Digital and Datopian received support from the Open Knowledge Foundation Board. In appointing joint stewardship put up jointly by Link Digital and Datopian, the Board felt there was a clear practical path with strong leadership and committed funding to see CKAN grow and prosper in the years to come.
The Open Knowledge Foundation will remain the ‘purpose trustee’ to ensure the Stewards remain true to the purpose and ethos of the CKAN project.
Similar projects and alternatives
Dataverse provides similar functions and is widely used for open data.
DKAN is a Drupal-based open data portal based on CKAN.
References
External links
Open Knowledge Foundation
South Australian Government Data Directory
Commonly Used Open Data Platforms
Open data
Archive networks
Software using the GNU AGPL license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20%28programming%20language%29 | Alice ML is a programming language designed by the Programming Systems Laboratory at Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany. It is a dialect of Standard ML, augmented with support for lazy evaluation, concurrency (multithreading and distributed computing via remote procedure calls) and constraint programming.
Overview
Alice extends Standard ML in a number of ways that distinguish it from its predecessor. Alice provides concurrency features as part of the base language through the use of a future type that represents a value being provided by an independent thread of execution. A thread that uses a future value will block on an attempt to access the value until the thread performing it has completed the computation. A related concept is also provided termed a promise, allowing a thread to provide a future value that it will compute to another thread. Future and promise typed variables are used to implement data-flow synchronizing.
Like the Haskell functional language, Alice provides facilities to allow a lazy evaluation strategy in programs, unlike the traditional eager evaluation strategy of Standard ML. While Haskell uses the lazy model by default, Alice uses an eager evaluation model by default, needing an explicit programming statement for a computation to evaluate lazily.
The Alice implementation from Saarland University uses the Simple Extensible Abstract Machine (SEAM) virtual machine. It is free software, and features just-in-time compilation to bytecode and native code for the x86 architecture.
Early versions of Alice ran on the Mozart Programming System (Oz) virtual machine (VM), allowing interfacing between Alice and Oz code.
Alice's remote procedure calling depends on the virtual machine, because it may send code to be computed from one computer to another.
Example
Alice extends Standard ML with several primitives for lazy evaluation and concurrency. For example, threads may be created using the spawn keyword. Consider the naive algorithm for computing the Fibonacci numbers:
fun fib 0 = 0
| fib 1 = 1
| fib n = fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
For large values of n, fib n will take a long time to compute. This computation can be performed in a separate thread by
val x = spawn fib n;
The variable x is now bound to a so-called future. When an operation requires the value of x, it blocks until the thread is done with the computation. To exploit parallelism one could even define fib as follows:
fun fib 0 = 0
| fib 1 = 1
| fib n = spawn fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
See also
Oz (programming language)
References
External links
Multiple publications about Alice ML and its concepts
ML programming language family
Logic programming languages
Functional logic programming languages
Programming languages created in 2000 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dance-2-Nite | Dance-2-Nite is the dance variety show of ABS-CBN network from March 7, 1987 to February 27, 1988. It is the counterpart of IBC's Dance Tonight.
See also
List of shows previously aired by ABS-CBN
ABS-CBN original programming
1987 Philippine television series debuts
1988 Philippine television series endings
Philippine variety television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC%20Desire%20S | The HTC Desire S (codenamed Saga) is a smartphone designed and manufactured by HTC Corporation that runs the Android operating system. First announced at Mobile World Congress on February 15, 2011 as a successor to the HTC Desire, it was released on March 8, 2011.
The unit shipped with Android (operating system) 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) with HTC Sense 2.1; upgrades were released to Android 2.3.5 with HTC Sense 3.0, and to Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich) with HTC Sense 3.6.
Hardware
The HTC Desire S bears similar internal hardware to its predecessor (HTC Desire). One of the most prominent hardware improvement in the HTC Desire S is the 33% increase in RAM and 100% increase in internal storage capacity. Connectivity in the phone has also seen a noticeable upgrade featuring 14.4 Mbit/s HSDPA and wireless 802.11 b/g/n. The Desire S features an aluminium unibody case and touch-sensitive keys replace the HTC Desire's navigational buttons. The trackball has also been removed.
The display is much the same as the HTC Desire: a diagonal 480×800px (252 ppi) Super LCD overlaid with Gorilla Glass. A front-facing VGA camera is included on the phone in addition to the 5-megapixel rear camera that was also included on the original HTC Desire.
A hardware design flaw or defective eMMC chip in some devices can render the phone unusable (bricked) and require SAT if the battery is removed if the device is on. Updating several applications from market at once can cause the device to not respond, forcing the user to remove the battery to reboot; this is the most usual cause of this problem to appear.
The phone's maximum Wi-Fi speed is 72 Mbit/s when using 802.11n.
Software
The device originally shipped with Android 2.3 and included HTC Sense 2.1. It was later upgraded to Android 2.3.5 with HTC Sense 3.0. The new update added HTC Watch to the list of applications, amongst other features, as well as a new design of the lock screen, and the ability to add icons and widgets onto the lock screen.
HTC released an update to Android 4.0 and HTC Sense 3.6 in August 2012 through their developer website.
See also
Comparison of smartphones
References
External links
Android (operating system) devices
HTC smartphones
Mobile phones introduced in 2011
Discontinued smartphones
Mobile phones with user-replaceable battery
de:HTC Desire#Desire S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Fusion%20Tables | Google Fusion Tables was a web service provided by Google for data management. Fusion tables was used for gathering, visualising and sharing data tables. Data are stored in multiple tables that Internet users can view and download.
The web service provided means for visualizing data with pie charts, bar charts, lineplots, scatterplots, timelines, network graphs, HTML-formatted card-layouts, and geographical maps. Data are exported in a comma-separated values file format. Visualizations could be embedded in other websites, and updated realtime as data in the table changed.
From the Fusion Tables website:
Google Fusion Tables is a service for data management, integration and collaboration.
You can easily upload data sets from CSV, KML and spreadsheets, and visualize the data using a variety of tools. Users can merge data from multiple tables and conduct detailed discussions about the data (on rows, columns and even cells). You can easily visualize large data sets on Google Maps and embed visualizations on other web pages.
Developers can use our API to build applications over Fusion Tables.
Google closed Fusion Tables on 3 December 2019.
Features
Fusion Tables accepted a data file structured as a simple database table, typically a .csv but also other delimiters. It also imported KML, reading each KML placemark or geospatial object into its own row. Fusion Tables files were private, unlisted or public, as specified by the user and followed the convention established by other Google Docs apps. Files were then listed and searchable in the user's Google Drive.
The size of uploaded data set was limited to 250 MB per file with a total limit of 1 GB per user. An API allowed data to be ingested automatically. Visualizations were also embeddable into other web pages to support static or live-updating data within publications.
Structured Data Search, Publication and Reuse
search
The 'New file' flow also supported searching on existing published tables, encouraging people to reuse and build on existing data before creating new data or making a new copy of the same data. The 'live update' nature of a re-used table could be an advantage to the user where data sets might be receive corrections or be regularly updated.
'fusion'
The 'fusion' in the name Fusion Tables came from the ability to create a 'file' that is really just a view on a join of two or more other files. For example, to publish a map about election results in Illinois, one could upload a table with election results, and then create another file that joins this table with a KML of US electoral districts. Because it was a virtual join rather than a copy, changes to either of the base tables would be reflected in the joined table. The join would extract the districts relevant to the Illinois elections, and the result would be easy to put on a map and embed in a news article or other website.
Columns from different tables were displayed with a different background color, to help keep tr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenKBM | OpenKBM is a set of computer software for systems management of applications that use knowledge management techniques (the KBM in OpenKBM stands for Knowledge Based Management).
Originally conceived of and developed as a next generation replacement for Gensym's G2 real-time expert system development platform, the OpenKBM technology and its first layered product, NetCure, were acquired by Rocket Software in 2001 from Gensym Corporation. OpenKBM is used by Rocket and, via OEM agreements, by partners such as IBM and Avaya as the basis for management software applications.
Components
OpenKBM provides:
Object model for representing the systems to be managed
Object-oriented hierarchy of monitoring information types such as events, fault, and statistics
Data acquisition, signal processing, and event processing engines
Forward chaining event correlation engine
Knowledge Based Management Language (KBML) for codifying event correlation rules, and signal and event processing logic
Frameworks for both thick client and web-based graphical user interfaces
Products
Avaya Visualization Performance & Fault Manager (part of UCM suite)
NetExpert Neon
NETMG GoldenTHREAD
Rocket NetCure Enterprise]
Rocket NetCure Audit
Rocket NetCure Discovery
Mainstar MXI G2 for z/OS
References
http://www.rocketsoftware.com/networks/enterprise-management/openkbm/overview. Rocket OpenKBM
https://books.google.com/books?id=FxwEAAAAMBAJ&dq=rocket+gensym&pg=PA44 NetworkWorld May 28, 2001
http://support.avaya.com/css/P8/documents/100107393. Nortel announces UCM release
Expert systems
Network management |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchor%20modeling | Anchor modeling is an agile database modeling technique suited for information that changes over time both in structure and content. It provides a graphical notation used for conceptual modeling similar to that of entity-relationship modeling, with extensions for working with temporal data. The modeling technique involves four modeling constructs: the anchor, attribute, tie and knot, each capturing different aspects of the domain being modeled. The resulting models can be translated to physical database designs using formalized rules. When such a translation is done the tables in the relational database will mostly be in the sixth normal form.
Unlike the star schema (dimensional modelling) and the classical relational model (3NF), data vault and anchor modeling are well-suited for capturing changes that occur when a source system is changed or added, but are considered advanced techniques which require experienced data architects. Both data vaults and anchor models are entity-based models, but anchor models have a more normalized approach.
Philosophy
Anchor modeling was created in order to take advantage of the benefits from a high degree of normalization while avoiding its drawbacks which higher normal forms have with regards to human readability. Advantages such as being able to non-destructively evolve the model, avoid null values, and keep the information free from redundancies are gained. Performance issues due to extra joins are largely avoided thanks to a feature in modern database engines called join elimination or table elimination. In order to handle changes in the information content, anchor modeling emulates aspects of a temporal database in the resulting relational database schema.
History
The earliest installations using anchor modeling were made 2004 in Sweden when a data warehouse for an insurance company was built using the technique.
In 2007 the technique was being used in a few data warehouses and one online transaction processing (OLTP) system, and it was presented internationally by Lars Rönnbäck at the 2007 Transforming Data with Intelligence (TDWI) conference in Amsterdam. This stirred enough interest for the technique to warrant a more formal description. Since then research concerning anchor modeling is being done in a collaboration between the creators Olle Regardt and Lars Rönnbäck and a team at the Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University.
The first paper, in which anchor modeling is formalized, was presented in 2008 at the 28th International Conference on Conceptual Modeling and won the best paper award.
A commercial web site provides material on anchor modeling which is free to use under a Creative Commons license. An online modeling tool is also available, which is free to use and is open source.
Basic notions
Anchor modeling has four basic modeling concepts: anchors, attributes, ties, and knots. Anchors are used to model entities and events, attributes are used to model properties o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20list | An edge list is a data structure used to represent a graph as a list of its edges. An (unweighted) edge is defined by its start and end vertex, so each edge may be represented by two numbers. The entire edge list may be represented as a two-column matrix. An edge list may be considered a variation on an adjacency list which is represented as a length array of lists. Since each edge contains just two or three numbers, the total space for an edge list is .
References
Graph data structures |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.Y.E.%3A%20Divine%20Cybermancy | E.Y.E: Divine Cybermancy is an action role-playing first-person shooter video game developed by Streum On Studio, and built using Valve's Source engine. It is a cyberpunk themed game based on an unreleased, private table-top role-playing game, A.V.A., developed by Streum On Studio in 1998. Streum-On-Studio have stated that it is "unlikely" that "A.V.A." will be sold publicly in the future. The game spent about two years in development before being released on Steam.
Storyline
E.Y.E: Divine Cybermancy is set in a dystopian future. The player takes the role of an E.Y.E. member, a secretive and elite army of demon-fighting psi-cybernetic warrior-monks, the military wing of an ancient demon-fighting cult called the Secreta Secretorum that dates back before mankind colonized space. With access to advanced technology, each member is infused with cybernetics, psionic training, and genetic modification.
A mystical alien army - the "Meta-Streumonic Force", supposedly the psychic manifestation of countless environments and races destroyed by colonization efforts, rampages through all of known space. Taking advantage of this chaos, the Secreta Secretorum is attempting to seize power from the all-powerful Federation, the current human government, spanning countless worlds under its corrupt fist, made of various governments and megacorportions, weakened from the Meta-Streumic Force's attacks.
To complicate matters, E.Y.E. is composed of two groups, the Jian Shang Di and the Culter Dei, the player belonging to the latter. Once proud allies in the past, they are currently in the middle of an unofficial and secret civil war.
The player wakes up from a botched operation that left his comrades dead, with no memory of what has happened. Fighting his way through Federation forces and back to E.Y.E.'s base of operations, he learns through a message addressed to himself not to trust anyone.
Your loyalties are torn between Commander Rimanah, the power-hungry leader of the Culter Dei and a father figure to the player character, and your Mentor, a wise, if grouchy warrior who seeks to unite the Jians and the Culters into one force. The player must choose between supporting Rimanah, who seeks to destroy the Jian Shang Di, and Mentor, whose cause is only supported by the player, leading to three different and distinct storylines, including one where the player betrays E.Y.E. and sides with the Federation. This leads to three endings, one on each branch, all of which culminate with the player fighting through E.Y.E.'s Temple headquarters and killing Rimanah, before finding himself transported back to the start of the game under mysterious circumstances. A fourth, true ending is made available after achieving all three endings on the same character.
Gameplay
Character creation and initial spawn
Gameplay begins with character creation, in which the player has three slots in which to choose from DNA types to apply. This initial character-building DNA infusion has a se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Society%20for%20Music%20Information%20Retrieval | The International Society for Music Information Retrieval (ISMIR) is an international forum for research on the organization of music-related data. It started as an informal group steered by an ad hoc committee in 2000 which established a yearly symposium - whence "ISMIR", which meant International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval. It was turned into a conference in 2002 while retaining the acronym. ISMIR was incorporated in Canada on July 4, 2008.
Purpose
Given the tremendous growth of digital music and music metadata in recent years, methods for effectively extracting, searching, and organizing music information have received widespread interest from academia and the information and entertainment industries. The purpose of ISMIR is to provide a venue for the exchange of news, ideas, and results through the presentation of original theoretical or practical work. By bringing together researchers and developers, educators and librarians, students and professional users, all working in fields that contribute to this multidisciplinary domain, the conference also serves as a discussion forum, provides introductory and in-depth information on specific domains, and showcases current products.
As the term Music Information Retrieval (MIR) indicates, this research is motivated by the desire to provide music lovers, music professionals and music industry with robust, effective and usable methods and tools to help them locate, retrieve and experience the music they wish to have access to. MIR is a truly interdisciplinary area, involving researchers from the disciplines of musicology, cognitive science, library and information science, computer science, electrical engineering and many others.
Annual conferences
Since its inception in 2000, ISMIR has been the world’s leading forum for research on the modelling, creation, searching, processing and use of musical data. Researchers across the globe meet at the annual conference conducted by the society. It is known by the same acronym as the society, ISMIR. Following is the list of previous conferences held by the society.
ISMIR 2021, 8-12 November 2021, Online
ISMIR 2020, 12-16 October 2020, Online
ISMIR 2019, 4-8 November 2019, Delft (The Netherlands)
ISMIR 2018, 23–27 September 2018, Paris (France)
ISMIR 2017, 23–27 October 2017, Suzhou (China) proceedings
ISMIR 2016, 8–12 August 2016, New York City (USA) proceedings
ISMIR 2015, 26–30 October 2015, Malaga (Spain) proceedings
ISMIR 2014, 27–31 October 2014, Taipei (Taiwan) proceedings
ISMIR 2013, 4–8 November 2013, Curitiba (Brazil) proceedings
ISMIR 2012, 8–12 October 2012, Porto (Portugal) proceedings
ISMIR 2011, 24–28 October 2011, Miami (USA) proceedings
ISMIR 2010, 9–13 August 2010, Utrecht (The Netherlands) proceedings
ISMIR 2009, 26–30 October 2009, Kobe (Japan) proceedings
ISMIR 2008, 14–18 September 2008, Philadelphia (USA) proceedings
ISMIR 2007, 23–30 September 2007, Vienna (Austria) proceedings
ISMIR 2006, 8–12 October |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemerle | Nemerle is a general-purpose, high-level, statically typed programming language designed for platforms using the Common Language Infrastructure (.NET/Mono). It offers functional, object-oriented, aspect-oriented, reflective and imperative features. It has a simple C#-like syntax and a powerful metaprogramming system.
In June 2012, the core developers of Nemerle were hired by the Czech software development company JetBrains. The team was focusing on developing Nitra, a framework to implement extant and new programming languages. Both the Nemerle language and Nitra have seemingly been abandoned or discontinued by JetBrains; Nitra has not been updated by its original creators since 2017 and Nemerle is now maintained entirely by the Russian Software Development Network, independently from JetBrains, although no major updates have been released yet and development is progressing very slowly. Neither Nemerle, nor Nitra have been mentioned or referenced by JetBrains for years.
Nemerle is named after the Archmage Nemmerle, a character in the fantasy novel A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin.
Features
Nemerle's most notable feature is the ability to mix styles of programming that are object-oriented and functional. Programs may be structured using object-oriented concepts such as classes and namespaces, while methods can (optionally) be written in a functional style. Other notable features include:
strong type inference
a flexible metaprogramming subsystem (using macros)
full support for object-oriented programming (OOP), in the style of C#, Java, and C++
full support for functional programming, in the style of ML, OCaml, and Haskell, with these features:
higher-order functions
pattern matching
algebraic types
local functions
tuples and anonymous types
partial application of functions
The metaprogramming system allows for great compiler extensibility, embedding domain-specific languages, partial evaluation, and aspect-oriented programming, taking a high-level approach to lift as much of the burden as possible from programmers. The language combines all Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard features, including parametric polymorphism, lambdas, extension methods etc. Accessing the libraries included in the .NET or Mono platforms is as easy as in C#.
Type inference
def x = 1; // int
def myList = List(); // generic List[T], type T is deduced from the usage in the next line
myList.Add(x); // compiler deduces type of T as int making myList type of List[int]
Everything is an expression
def x =
{ // similar to x = 3
def y = 1;
def z = 2;
y + z // this last statement is a block return value
};
def x =
if (DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek == DayOfWeek.Monday) // if, using, try are also expressions
"Monday"
else
"other day";
def x = try int.Parse(someString)
catch { | FormatException() => 0 };
def x = returnBlock :
{
foreach (i in [1, 2, 3])
when (i > 2)
returnBlock( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Rochkind | Marc J. Rochkind invented the Source Code Control System while working at Bell Labs, as well as writing Advanced UNIX Programming, and founding XVT Software, Inc.
References
External links
Marc Rochkind's web site
American computer scientists
Unix people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptive%20tile%20refresh | Adaptive tile refresh is a computer graphics technique for side-scrolling video games. It was most famously used by id Software's John Carmack in games such as Commander Keen to compensate for the poor graphics performance of PCs in the early 1990s. Its principal innovation is a novel use of several EGA hardware features to perform the scrolling in hardware. The technique is named for its other aspect, the tracking of moved graphical elements in order to minimize the amount of redrawing required in every frame. Together, the combination saves the processing time that would be otherwise required for redrawing the entire screen. Carmack designed the software engine based on a scrolling display for large images from the 1970s.
The IBM PC graphics generation previous to EGA is CGA, which lacks features for scrolling in hardware. Therefore, CGA scrolling is done in software, by redrawing the entire screen for every frame, which such systems lack the performance to do for full-screen animation. Adaptive tile refresh minimizes the computing power required for sidescrolling games, to be within the reach of contemporary hardware. This works by flagging bitmap tiles and redrawing only the graphics on the screen that actually update.
History
Adaptive tile refresh using hardware scrolling debuted in the unreleased prototype game Dangerous Dave in Copyright Infringement, implemented by Carmack. The title of "Dangerous Dave" had been previously used by John Romero while programming games for Softdisk. This was developed within one week as a recreation of the first level of Nintendo's Super Mario Bros. 3, intended as a realistic prototype of the adaptive tile refresh concept. The team of future id Software employees, still working for Softdisk, then completed the replica of the entire game, which was pitched to Nintendo for licensing for the PC. Nintendo declined the pitch after id Software finished the prototype.
The first release of Carmack's adaptive tile refresh came in id Software's first installment of the Commander Keen game series, Marooned on Mars.
Technical details
EGA has several features that enable the adaptive tile refresh effect:
The framebuffer can be slightly wider than the screen and arbitrarily high, subject to video memory limitations.
The position within this buffer from which the screen is drawn can be offset by 1 pixel increments, either horizontally or vertically.
It has enough video memory to store two such screen buffers, plus tiles, and sprites.
Carmack used these capabilities to create a buffer that is 64 pixels wider and taller than the screen, leaving room for two extra rows and columns of tiles in the buffer off the edge of the screen. He used the offset capabilities of the card to let the screen slide through the buffer for smooth scrolling, which partially reveals the extra tiles.
Scrolling is limited to the buffer size, and scrolling further wraps around to show data from the other side of the buffer. So in order to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College%20Football%20Association | The College Football Association (CFA) was a group formed by many of the American colleges with top-level college football programs in order to negotiate contracts with TV networks to televise football games. It was formed in 1977 by 63 schools from most of the major college football conferences and selected schools whose football programs were independent of any conference.
One by one, the major conferences (and Notre Dame, the most prominent independent program) would eventually negotiate their own separate TV deals, reducing the importance of the CFA. The CFA shut down in 1997.
History
Background
In 1977, when the CFA was formed, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) had controlled all college football TV rights since the early 1950s. It limited the number of games shown on TV because of a concern that televising more games would hurt attendance.
The schools that formed the CFA banded together because of what they viewed as obstructionism of the NCAA by smaller schools. "People were just fed up with the NCAA's parochialism, power grab, etc., but also they wanted more money, they wanted to maximize and they wanted their fans to be able to see them on TV," said James Ponsoldt, a law professor at the University of Georgia.
The CFA was formed by schools from the Atlantic Coast Conference, the Big Eight Conference, the Southeastern Conference, the Southwest Conference, and the Western Athletic Conference, plus independents Notre Dame, Penn State, Pittsburgh, West Virginia, and the service academies. Schools from the Big Ten Conference and the Pacific-8 Conference did not join the CFA.
After the CFA negotiated its own TV deal in 1981, the NCAA threatened sanctions against any colleges participating in the CFA deal, in all sports, not just football. The Universities of Georgia and Oklahoma, two prominent members of the CFA, sued the NCAA in U.S. District Court, seeking an injunction that would prevent the NCAA from imposing sanctions against CFA members, and asserting that the NCAA was engaged in restraint of trade and price-fixing.
On June 27, 1984, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in NCAA v. Board of Regents of University of Oklahoma that the NCAA's television plan violated the Sherman Antitrust Act. As a result, individual schools and athletic conferences were freed to negotiate contracts on their own behalf. Together with the growth of cable television, this ruling resulted in the explosion of broadcast options currently available. Beginning in 1984, the CFA sold a television package to ABC and CBS. The Big Ten and Pacific-10 conferences sold their own separate package to ABC.
Decline
By 1990, the television landscape changed. ABC had both the CFA and Big Ten–Pac-10 packages, and in 1991, Notre Dame split from the CFA to sign an exclusive deal with NBC. The CFA was once again relegated to limited appearances. The beginning of the end for the CFA occurred in 1995, when the Southeastern Conference and Big East broke from the CF |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasoline%20Rainbows | Gasoline Rainbows is a compilation album made by Sophia Bush and Austin Nichols (Stars of the Hit CW Network Show One Tree Hill) to benefit the Gulf Coast of the United States from the 2010 BP Oil Spill. The title track Gasoline Rainbows is written and performed by Amy Kuney.
Other artists involved include City and Colour, Vampire Weekend, Silversun Pickups, LCD Soundsystem, Black Rebel Motorcycle Club, The Black Keys, Onward Soldiers, Damien Rice, The National, Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros, Passion Pit, Phoenix and Surfer Blood.
Track listing
"Gasoline Rainbows" - Amy Kuney– 4:36
"Armistice" - Phoenix – 3:04
"40 Day Dream" - Edward Sharpe and the Magnetic Zeros – 3:53
"Moth's Wings" - Passion Pit – 4:16
"There's No Secrets This Year" - Silversun Pickups – 5:33
"At The Bird's Foot" - City and Colour – 4:21
"The Connoisseur of Great Excuse" - Damien Rice – 5:39
"Bloodbuzz Ohio" - The National – 4:35
"Tighten Up" - The Black Keys – 3:33
"Let The Time Roll By" - Onward, Soldiers – 4:58
"Floating Vibes" - Surfer Blood – 3:54
"Mama Taught Me Better (Live at The Forum)" - Black Rebel Motorcycle Club – 4:35
"I Can Change" - LCD Soundsystem – 5:55
"Cousins" - Vampire Weekend – 2:25
2010 compilation albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subject%20access | Subject access refers to the methods and systems by which books, journals, and other documents are accessed in a given bibliographic database (e.g. a library classification system). The single records in a bibliographic file are structured in fields and each field can be searchable and combined with other fields. Such searchable data from fields of records are termed access points. Some of these access points contain information such as author name, number of pages, the language of publication, name of publisher ,etc. These are in library jargon termed "descriptive data". Other kinds of access points contain information such as title words, classification codes, indexing terms ,etc. They are termed subject access points.
However, a subject access point is defined as any access point useful for subject searching. There is no precise border between descriptive access points and subject access points. In theory, any access point may hypothetically be used for subject searching.
See also
Metadata
Subject (documents)
References
Library cataloging and classification |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Cameron%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Kim Cameron (August 31, 1948 — November 30, 2021) was a Canadian computer scientist who was Microsoft's chief architect of access and worked since the emergence of the Internet to create a humanistic system of Digital Identity. He was the originator of the 7 Laws of Identity, and developed the InfoCard architecture.
Career
Cameron joined Microsoft in 1999 as part of Microsoft's acquisition of ZoomIt Corp., a software company dedicated to digital identity that he co-founded in 1980. According to his Microsoft biography, "as VP of Technology at ZoomIt, (Cameron) invented metadirectory technology and built the first shipping product." The ZoomIt product became Microsoft Identity Integration Server.
In 2000 he became the architect of Microsoft’s Active Directory, which evolved into the most widely deployed identity technology used in enterprises globally. As the growth of the Internet made the importance of identity increasingly evident, his role expanded to become chief architect of identity for Microsoft. In 2004 he wrote the Laws of Identity, a document that has long influenced both technologists and regulators, and which Microsoft adopted to guide its innovation. At the same time he began to champion innovations that would put users in control of their own identity as a way to solve the privacy and security problems of both individuals and organizations, which he continued to advance until his death in 2021.
Cameron retired from Microsoft in 2019 and became the chief identity officer at Convergence.Tech, a Canadian digital transformation company. Operating globally, Convergence.Tech provides identity and credentialing solutions to governments, humanitarian agencies, across the education sector, and in support of professional associations.
Personal life
Cameron died of cancer on November 30, 2021.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Canadian computer scientists
Microsoft employees |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower%20of%20Power%20%28transmitter%29 | The Tower of Power is a , 120,000 watt TPO mast owned by the GMA Network located in Tandang Sora, Barangay Culiat, Quezon City. It serves as a transmitter facility for GMA's flagship stations, including DZBB-TV 7 (digital UHF 15), GTV's DWDB-TV 27, and Barangay FM's DWLS 97.1 MHz.
History
The Tower of Power was constructed on a huge vacant lot in the 3rd Quarter of 1987, as a new edifice for the network and for the preparation for Rainbow Satellite broadcast to replace an old surplus 50-kilowatt transmitter located at the old RBS building (now known as GMA Network Center) along EDSA, and to provide clearer TV and FM reception. The tower's construction uses of steel from a local steel mill, costing for the building of this tower. Antennas are also provided to enhance signal strength. After several months of planning, the tower completed in October 1988 and on November 7, the tower was opened by then-President Corazon Aquino and the GMA Network board of directors. A grand TV special was started after the inauguration. The slogan GMA-7-POWER was used from November 7 to December 1 of that year as a station ID. During its first decade of operations, GMA operated with 50,000 watts of transmitter power output, until in 1998 when GMA finally upgraded to its current 120-kilowatt capacity, which broadcasts at an astounding 100,000 watts of transmitter power output.
In 2005, following its signing of a channel lease agreement with ZOE Broadcasting Network's flagship DZOE-TV 11, GMA replaced channel 11's decommissioned 40-kilowatt transmitter in Pasig with a newly purchased 100 kW transmitter system built and installed by GMA. Since channel 7's technical staff is prohibited by law from operating channel 11 due to the fact that both stations are in the same VHF channel band, the Tower of Power site leased portions of its space to Zoe for its own technical team to operate and maintain channel 11's signal. ZOE's 14-year lease in the site ended in mid-2019 following GMA's decision not to renew the agreement amid the company's increasing lease payment obligations to channel 11's owners. ZOE's 100 kW transmitter equipment was later transferred to its own compound in Antipolo, which was eventually reused when channel 11 was relaunched as A2Z Channel 11 under a blocktime agreement with erstwhile rival network ABS-CBN in October 2020.
Features
The tower
The Tower of Power uses its high-gain corner reflector antennas and UHF panel antennas to produce a wide coverage of Analog (VHF TV and UHF TV, using the NTSC format) and Digital (ISDB-T) TV reception in Metro Manila, Region 3 (Central Luzon) and 4-A (Calabarzon). It is including Bulacan, Pampanga, Zambales, Tarlac, Bataan, Nueva Ecija, Laguna, Batangas, Cavite, Quezon, Aurora and Rizal in both grades A and B for the broadcasts of DZBB-TV and DWDB-TV.
For FM radio, DWLS's signal strength utilized by a circular bay Jampro FM antenna provides listeners with clear FM reception of 25 kilowatts and to spread out in M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20signal | A digital signal is a signal that represents data as a sequence of discrete values; at any given time it can only take on, at most, one of a finite number of values. This contrasts with an analog signal, which represents continuous values; at any given time it represents a real number within a continuous range of values.
Simple digital signals represent information in discrete bands of analog levels. All levels within a band of values represent the same information state. In most digital circuits, the signal can have two possible valid values; this is called a binary signal or logic signal. They are represented by two voltage bands: one near a reference value (typically termed as ground or zero volts), and the other a value near the supply voltage. These correspond to the two values "zero" and "one" (or "false" and "true") of the Boolean domain, so at any given time a binary signal represents one binary digit (bit). Because of this discretization, relatively small changes to the analog signal levels do not leave the discrete envelope, and as a result are ignored by signal state sensing circuitry. As a result, digital signals have noise immunity; electronic noise, provided it is not too great, will not affect digital circuits, whereas noise always degrades the operation of analog signals to some degree.
Digital signals having more than two states are occasionally used; circuitry using such signals is called multivalued logic. For example, signals that can assume three possible states are called three-valued logic.
In a digital signal, the physical quantity representing the information may be a variable electric current or voltage, the intensity, phase or polarization of an optical or other electromagnetic field, acoustic pressure, the magnetization of a magnetic storage media, etcetera. Digital signals are used in all digital electronics, notably computing equipment and data transmission.
Definitions
The term digital signal has related definitions in different contexts.
In digital electronics
In digital electronics, a digital signal is a pulse train (a pulse amplitude modulated signal), i.e. a sequence of fixed-width square wave electrical pulses or light pulses, each occupying one of a discrete number of levels of amplitude. A special case is a logic signal or a binary signal, which varies between a low and a high signal level.
The pulse trains in digital circuits are typically generated by metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) devices, due to their rapid on–off electronic switching speed and large-scale integration (LSI) capability. In contrast, BJT transistors more slowly generate analog signals resembling sine waves.
In signal processing
In digital signal processing, a digital signal is a representation of a physical signal that is sampled and quantized. A digital signal is an abstraction that is discrete in time and amplitude. The signal's value only exists at regular time intervals, since only the values of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveCode | LiveCode (formerly Revolution and MetaCard) is a cross-platform rapid application development runtime system inspired by HyperCard. It features the LiveCode Script (formerly MetaTalk) programming language which belongs to the family of xTalk scripting languages like HyperCard's HyperTalk.
The environment was introduced in 2001. The "Revolution" development system was based on the MetaCard engine technology which Runtime Revolution later acquired from MetaCard Corporation in 2003. The platform won the Macworld Annual Editor's Choice Award for "Best Development Software" in 2004. "Revolution" was renamed "LiveCode" in the fall of 2010. "LiveCode" is developed and sold by Runtime Revolution Ltd., based in Edinburgh, Scotland. In March 2015, the company was renamed "LiveCode Ltd.", to unify the company name with the product. In April 2013, a free/open source version 'LiveCode Community Edition 6.0' was published after a successful crowdfunding campaign at Kickstarter. The code base was re-licensed and made available as free and open source software with a version in April 2013.
LiveCode runs on iOS, Android, OS X, Windows 95 through Windows 10, Raspberry Pi and several variations of Unix, including Linux, Solaris, and BSD. It can be used for mobile, desktop and server/CGI applications. The iOS (iPhone and iPad) version was released in December 2010. The first version to deploy to the Web was released in 2009. It is the most widely used HyperCard/HyperTalk clone, and the only one that runs on all major operating systems.
A developer release of v.8 was announced in New York on March 12, 2015. This major enhancement to the product includes a new, separate development language, known as "LiveCode Builder", which is capable of creating new object classes called "widgets". In earlier versions, the set of object classes was fixed, and could be enhanced only via the use of ordinary procedural languages such as C. The new language, which runs in its own IDE, is a departure from the transitional x-talk paradigm in that it permits typing of variables. But the two environments are fully integrated, and apart from the ability to create new objects, development in LiveCode proceeds in the normal way, within the established IDE.
A second crowdfunding campaign to Bring HTML5 to LiveCode reached funding goals of nearly US$400,000 on July 31, 2014. LiveCode developer release 8.0 DP4 (August 31, 2015) was the first to include a standalone deployment option to HTML5.
On 31 August 2021, starting with version 9.6.4, LiveCode Community edition, licensed under GPL, was discontinued.
Description
The LiveCode software creates applications that run in many supported environments, using a compile-free workflow. The same computer code in LiveCode can play across multiple devices and platforms. LiveCode uses a high level, English-like programming language called Transcript that is dynamically typed. Transcript and compile-free workflow generates code that is self-docume |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound%20and%20Music%20Computing%20Conference | The Sound and Music Computing (SMC) Conference is the forum for international exchanges around the core interdisciplinary topics of Sound and Music Computing. The conference is held annually to facilitate the exchange of ideas in this field.
Focus topics
This sections speaks briefly about subfields related to Sound and Music Computing, for the main article, see Sound and music computing.
Sound and Music Computing (SMC) is a research field that studies the whole sound and music communication chain from a multidisciplinary point of view. The current SMC research field can be grouped into a number of subfields that focus on specific aspects of the sound and music communication chain.
Processing of sound and music signals: This subfield focuses on audio signal processing techniques for the analysis, transformation and resynthesis of sound and music signals.
Understanding and modeling sound and music: This subfield focuses on understanding and modeling sound and music using computational approaches. Here we can include Computational musicology, Music information retrieval, and the more computational approaches of Music cognition.
Interfaces for sound and music: This subfield focuses on the design and implementation of computer interfaces for sound and music. This is basically related to Human Computer Interaction.
Assisted sound and music creation: This subfield focuses on the development of computer tools for assisting Sound design and Music composition. Here we can include traditional fields like Algorithmic composition.
Past SMC Conferences
SMC 2022: 07-11 June 2022, St-Etienne, France
SMC 2021: 29 June-01 July 2021, Online
SMC 2020: 24-26 June 2020, Online
SMC 2019: 28-31 May 2019, Málaga, Spain
SMC 2018: 04-07 July 2018, Limassol, Cyprus
SMC 2017: 01-04 July 2017, Helsinki, Finland
SMC 2016: 31 August-03 September 2016, Hamburg, Germany
SMC 2015: 26 July-01 August 2015, Maynooth, Ireland
SMC 2014 (joint with ICMC): 14-20 September, Athens, Greece
SMC 2013 (join with SMAC): 30 July-03 August, Stockholm, Sweden
SMC 2012: 11–14 July 2012, Copenhagen, Denmark
SMC 2011: 06–09 July 2011, Padova, Italy
SMC 2010: 21–24 July 2010, Barcelona, Spain
SMC 2009: 23–25 July 2009, Porto, Portugal
SMC 2008: 31 July-03 August 2008, Berlin, Germany
SMC 2007: 11–13 July 2007, Lefkada, Greece
SMC 2006: 18–20 May 2006, Marseille, France
SMC 2005: 24–26 November 2005, Salerno, Italy
SMC 2004: 20–22 October 2004, Paris, France
All SMC proceedings are available in the SMC Community on the open-access repository Zenodo. For more up-to-date information on the SMC conferences refer to its website.
The SMC Summer School
Each year, along with the conference, the SMC summer school is conducted. It promotes interdisciplinary education and research in the field of Sound and Music Computing. It is aimed at graduate students working on their Master or PhD thesis, but it is also open to any person carrying out research in this field.
Related Summer Sch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control%20Data%20Institute | Control Data Institute (CDI) was an international technical vocational school created by the American Control Data Corporation in the mid-1960s.
Historical timeline
1965 Control Data Corporation established Control Data Institutes in the United States.
1967 The first foreign Institute was established in Frankfurt.
1976 The PLATO computer-based education system was announced.
1977 PLATO Systems were implemented at all United States Institutes.
1978 Institutes and learning centers numbered sixty-nine worldwide.
1989 Institutes in the United States (Control Data Institute and the Institute for Advanced Technology) were sold off by Control Data Corporation to Human Capital Corporation, Edina, MN. At that time, the two business served 18,000 students/attendees. Terms of the cash sale were not disclosed. The company was named "Career Development Institutes", however they did not last very long, and they then sold the Canadian Schools to A.B. McKelvey, who had been a VP for Control Data. He kept the name "CDI", however it did not stand for anything.
1990 Mr. McKelvey took the company public, and changed the name to CDI College.
2003 It was subsequently sold to Corinthian Colleges, Inc., a large US based education company.
2007 Corinthian sold all the CDIs in Canada outside of Ontario to Vancouver-based Eminata Group. The CDIs in Ontario were re-named Everest College, which was the Corinthian brand. Eminata Group also operates Vancouver Career College, University Canada West and several other small schools. They are in the process of re-establishing a CDI brand in Ontario.
References
External links
Charles Babbage Institute Holds only corporate records, not student transcripts.
Historical Timeline of Control Data Corporation.
Computerworld, June 5, 1989
Vocational education
Control Data Corporation
1990 initial public offerings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile%20Location%20Protocol | The Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) is an application-level protocol for receiving the position of Mobile Stations (MS: mobile phones, wireless devices, etc.) independent of underlying network technology.
The MLP serves as the interface between a Location Server and a location-based application. Basic MLP Services are based on location services defined by 3GPP. The Mobile Location Protocol (MLP) is described in LIF TS 101 Specification.
Background
The purpose of this technology is to define a simple and secure access method that allows mobile application to query location information from a wireless network, regardless of its underlying network technology and positioning methods.
The MLP can be used by a location-based application to request mobile station location information from a location server (GMLC/MPC or other entity in the wireless network). This protocol has been prepared by Location Interoperability Forum (LIF: Open Mobile Alliance in nowadays) to provide a simple and secure API (Application Programmer’s Interface), but also could be used for other kinds of location servers and entities in the wireless network.
The API is based on XML and is defined to be transported in HTTP or SOAP. Only mapping to HTTP is defined in present days. For security reasons Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) cryptographic protocols can be used to carry HTTP (HTTPS). Apart from HTTPS Mobile Location Protocol which uses authentication by user and password, the information is carried in header part of MLP message.
Features:
Last draft of MLP specification is OMA-TS-MLP v 3.3 from March 2009. Version 3.3 provides these features:
Standard Location Immediate Service (SLIS)
Used for requesting the location of one or more Mobile Subscribers (MS). It is used when immediate response is required. Response can be returned in more than one message if the request contained more Mobile Subscribers.
Emergency Location Immediate Service (ELIS)
Used for requesting the location of one or more MS involved in an emergency call. Response can be returned in more than one message if the server supports it.
Standard Location Reporting Service (SLRS)
This service is initiated by MS by sending Mobile Originated Location Request [TS23271] through wireless network. It is performed when Mobile Subscriber wants an LCS client to receive MS location.
Emergency Location Reporting Service (ELRS)
This service is initiated by network when MS initiates or releases emergency call. Report is generated and sent from Location Server to predefined LCS client.
Triggered Location Reporting Service (TLRS)
This service is used when LCS client wants to track several MS. Triggers can be timers or MS events like change of location.
Historic Location Immediate Service (HLIS)
This service is used to request reporting of historic locations of one MS when large amount of data is expected.
Common Element Definitions:
Identity Element Definitions
<!ELEMENT msid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20Data%20Agency | The State Data Agency of Lithuania (), known as the Department of Statistics of Lithuania (), officially the Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania, until 2023, is an institution in Lithuania which is responsible for collecting, processing, presenting and analysing statistics concerning the topics economy, society and environment, and governance regarding the state data. It is subordinate directly to the Government of Lithuania. Being a memember of the European Statistical System, the agency also supplies data to Eurostat.
A Director General, appointed by the Prime Minister, oversees its operations. Several commissions and working groups analyze its operations and suggest improvements. An advisory body, the Statistical Council, consists of representatives from the governmental bodies, NGOs, researchers, the media, and other interested parties; the council's makeup and operations are subject to governmental regulation.
History
The origins of statistics collection in Lithuania can be traced back to the 16th century, with the 1528 census of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. An institution to collect statistics in the Republic of Lithuania was first established on 6 September 1919, as the General Department of Statistics. The first census of Lithuania was carried out in 1923. The institution in its current form was re-established on 18 April 1990 and codified by the Law on Statistics of the Republic of Lithuania. The institution became a member of the European Statistical System in 2004.
On 1 January 2023, the department was reorganized into an agency, as part of the Lithuanian Governance reform.
See also
Demographics of Lithuania
Eurostat
References
External links
https://www.stat.gov.lt Official website
https://osp.stat.gov.lt Official statistics portal
Statistics Lithuania - Lithuanian Statistical System. Government of Lithuania. Accessed 16 February 2011.
Statistical System of Lithuania. European Commission - Eurostat. Accessed 16 February 2011.
Government agencies of Lithuania
Lithuania
Statistical organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDAS | EDAS was a database of alternatively spliced human genes. It doesn't seem to exist anymore.
See also
AspicDB database
References
External links
http://www.gene-bee.msu.ru/edas/.
Genetics databases
Gene expression
Spliceosome
RNA splicing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exon-intron%20database | The Exon-Intron Database (EID) is a database of spliced mRNA sequences.
See also
Alternative splicing
Exon
Intron
References
External links
Homepage
Biological databases
Gene expression
Spliceosome
RNA splicing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20element%20SNPs%20database | The Functional Element SNPs Database (FESD) is a biological database of single nucleotide polymorphisms in molecular biology.
The database is a tool designed to organize functional elements into categories in human gene regions and to output their sequences needed for genotyping experiments as well as provide a set of SNPs that lie within each region. The database defines functional elements into ten types: promoter regions, CpG islands,5' untranslated regions (5'-UTRs), translation start sites, splice sites, coding exons, introns, translation stop sites, polyadenylation signals, and 3' UTRs. People may reference this database for haplotype information or obtain a flanking sequence for genotyping. This may help in finding mutations that contribute to common and polygenic diseases. Researchers can manually choose a group of SNPs of special interest for certain functional elements along with their corresponding sequences. The database combines information from sources such as HapMap, UCSC GoldenPath, dbSNP, OMIM, and TRANSFAC. Users can obtain information about tag SNPs and simulate LD blocks for each gene. FESD is still a developing database and is not widely known so was unable to find projects that used the database. Research was found using similar databases or databases that are combined in FESD’s information pool.
Uses
The database is a reference of all known SNPs in functional units that may affect a given phenotype in which some cases may be a disease. SNPs are selected based on disease, gene, or factor. The database has a link on the HapMap Project website. The database may have been used in one of the following research examples. The Korean HapMap Project website is quoted saying "We have developed a series of software programs for association studies as well as the comparison and analysis of Korean HapMap data with other populations, such as European, Chinese, Japanese, and African populations. The developed software includes HapMapSNPAnalyzer, SNPflank, HWE Test, FESD, D2GSNP, SNP@Domain, KMSD, KFOD, KFRG, and SNP@WEB." It is unknown how many species are included; however, there is an alphabetical list of all the genes included in case the gene name is known but not the disease it is associated with or factor it is located in. Some of the genes were from humans, mice, and some were from D. Melanogaster. Information cannot be submitted to the database publicly. The database is updated regularly and the information is pooled from the sites listed on the page. There is also a user guide tab that displays what each process should look like.
Research
Susceptibility to Myocardial Infarction
The study involved the investigation of ITIH3 (inter alpha trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 3). Researchers used functional analysis, linkage disequilibrium mapping, SNP markers, and the HapMap database. FESD Version II may have been used since it has the information from HapMap as well as other databases. The researchers discovered that the gene was on c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augmented%20Lagrangian%20method | Augmented Lagrangian methods are a certain class of algorithms for solving constrained optimization problems. They have similarities to penalty methods in that they replace a constrained optimization problem by a series of unconstrained problems and add a penalty term to the objective, but the augmented Lagrangian method adds yet another term designed to mimic a Lagrange multiplier. The augmented Lagrangian is related to, but not identical with, the method of Lagrange multipliers.
Viewed differently, the unconstrained objective is the Lagrangian of the constrained problem, with an additional penalty term (the augmentation).
The method was originally known as the method of multipliers and was studied in the 1970s and 1980s as a potential alternative to penalty methods. It was first discussed by Magnus Hestenes and then by Michael Powell in 1969. The method was studied by R. Tyrrell Rockafellar in relation to Fenchel duality, particularly in relation to proximal-point methods, Moreau–Yosida regularization, and maximal monotone operators; these methods were used in structural optimization. The method was also studied by Dimitri Bertsekas, notably in his 1982 book, together with extensions involving non-quadratic regularization functions (e.g., entropic regularization). This combined study gives rise to the "exponential method of multipliers" which handles inequality constraints with a twice-differentiable augmented Lagrangian function.
Since the 1970s, sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and interior point methods (IPM) have been given more attention, in part because they more easily use sparse matrix subroutines from numerical software libraries, and in part because IPMs posses proven complexity results via the theory of self-concordant functions. The augmented Lagrangian method was rejuvenated by the optimization systems LANCELOT, ALGENCAN and AMPL, which allowed sparse matrix techniques to be used on seemingly dense but "partially-separable" problems. The method is still useful for some problems.
Around 2007, there was a resurgence of augmented Lagrangian methods in fields such as total variation denoising and compressed sensing. In particular, a variant of the standard augmented Lagrangian method that uses partial updates (similar to the Gauss–Seidel method for solving linear equations) known as the alternating direction method of multipliers or ADMM gained some attention.
General method
Consider solving the following constrained optimization problem:
subject to
where denotes the indices for equality constraints. This problem can be solved as a series of unconstrained minimization problems. For reference, we first list the kth step of the penalty method approach:
The penalty method solves this problem, then at the next iteration it re-solves the problem using a larger value of and using the old solution as the initial guess or "warm start".
The augmented Lagrangian method uses the following unconstrained objective:
and after ea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan%27s%20Pool | The Sultan's Pool (; ) is an ancient water basin to the west side of Mount Zion, Jerusalem.
The Sultan's Pool was part of the water supply network for Jerusalem from the late Second Temple period to the late Ottoman period. Today, it is an event venue for concerts and festivals.
History
The Sultan's Pool was built by building a dam across the Valley of Hinnom, which stopped the drainage of the valley south towards the Kidron Valley and created a water reservoir. In place of the dam, an ancient bridge had previously passed, over which the lower aqueduct that carried water from Solomon's Pools near Bethlehem to Jerusalem and the Temple Mount passed.
A covered and plastered rock-hewn canal from the Roman period was discovered throughout the pool; it is likely from the time of Herod. Some scholars identify it with the Snake Pool mentioned by Josephus.
During the Crusader period, it was known as Lacus Germani.
The Pool was renovated during the early Ottoman period by Suleiman the Magnificent, who enlarged it into a reservoir measuring 67 m × 169 m × 12 m. Subsequently, the place was later renamed the Sultan's Pool. On the pool dam, Suleiman the Magnificent built a sebil for the use of pedestrians, which has been preserved to this day. Today, the Hebron Road passes over the dam.
Event Venue
The Sultan's Pool is dry in summer and is used as a major event venue for concerts and festivals. Many international artists have performed at the site during their visit to Israel, including the Dire Straits (who played the second concert of the Brothers in Arms Tour in the Sultan Pool's, in 1985), Eurythmics, Leonard Cohen, James Taylor, Eric Clapton, Bob Dylan, Tom Petty, Jethro Tull, Madonna, Radiohead and others.
References
Classical sites in Jerusalem
Reservoirs in Jerusalem
Festival venues
Event venues in Israel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogan%20High%20School%20%28Chicago%29 | William J. Bogan Computer Technical High School (also known simply as Bogan High School) is a public 4–year high school located in the Ashburn neighborhood on the southwest side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Operated by Chicago Public Schools district, Bogan opened in 1959. The school is named for Chicago Public Schools Superintendent William J. Bogan. In 1999, the school began offering the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program; and becoming an International Baccalaureate World School in 2004.
History
The school opened in 1959 in a building designed by the architectural firm of Naess & Murphy. William J. Bogan was the superintendent of Chicago Public Schools during the Great Depression and believed that all should have an education regardless of income. This was the same firm that had completed the Prudential Building in 1955. The building was designed in a "casual style" which included non-traditional building materials such as "aluminum window frames, concrete columns, and porcelain wall panels."
1963 integration protests
In 1963, Bogan High School was the site of much protest against the integration of Chicago's public schools. The school was originally designated as a destination for students being bused to relieve overcrowding in majority African American schools. A group of parents met privately with Superintendent of Chicago Public Schools Benjamin Willis after which he "removed Bogan from a list of schools eligible to receive voluntary transfer applications."
This act unleashed a storm of protest from civil rights activists and African American parents. At the same time, white opponents of desegregation became vocal supporters of Willis. Hundreds of parents from Bogan High School attended Board of Education meetings cheering the superintendent loudly and carrying signs that read "We Support Dr. Willis." By becoming responsive to their demands, Willis was able to stake out his own position as a champion of the white anti-integration activists that became his major supporters.
Athletics
Bogan competes in the Chicago Public League (CPL) and is a member of the Illinois High School Association (IHSA). Bogan sport teams are nicknamed Bengals. The football team were Public league champions in 1991 and 1993. The boys' wrestling team were Public League champions in the 1993–94 season. The girls' volleyball team were public league champions in the 1984–85 and 1988–89 seasons.
References
External links
Bogan High School Official Website
Facebook: Bogan High School
Public high schools in Chicago
Educational institutions established in 1959
Works Progress Administration in Illinois
1959 establishments in Illinois
International Baccalaureate schools in Illinois |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Canadian%20government%20hackings | In February 2011, news sources revealed that the Government of Canada suffered cyber attacks by foreign hackers using IP addresses from China. The hackers managed to infiltrate three departments within the government and transmit classified information back to them. The attacks resulted in the government cutting off internet access in the departments affected and various responses from both the Canadian government and the Chinese government.
History
In May 2010 a memo by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS) from 2009 was released to the public that warned that cyber attacks on Canadian government, university, and industry computers was showing growth in 2009 and that the threat of cyber attacks was "one of the fastest growing and most complicated issues" facing CSIS. Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews stated in January 2011 that cyber attacks are a serious threat to Canada and that attacks on government computers have grown "quite substantial." In the fall of 2010 the federal government began to strategize ways to prevent cyber attacks and create response plans, which would include $90 million over five years in combating cyber threats.
Auditor General Sheila Fraser has previously warned that the federal government's computer systems risk being breached. In 2002 she stated that the government's internet security was not adequate and warned that it had "weaknesses in the system" and urged improving security to deal with the vulnerabilities. In 2005 she said the government still has to "translate its policies and standards into consistent, cost-effective practices that will result in a more secure IT environment in departments and agencies."
Cyber attack
The cyber attack was first detected in January 2011 and implemented as a phishing scheme. Emails with seemingly innocuous attachments were sent, supposedly by known public servants. The attachments contained malware which infected the computer and exfiltrated key information such as passwords. This information, once sent back to the hackers, could then be used to remotely access the computer and forward the email (with infecting attachment) onto others in order to proliferate the virus.
Affected departments included Treasury Board and the federal Finance Department, as well as a DND agency advising the Canadian armed forces on science and technology. Once detected, Canadian cybersecurity officials shut down all internet access from these departments in order to halt the exfiltration of information from hijacked computers. This left thousands of public servants without internet access.
While the cyber attacks were traced back to Chinese IP addresses, there is "no way of knowing whether the hackers are Chinese, or some other nationality routing their cybercrimes through China to cover their tracks".
Response
When the attacks were detected internet access in the two departments was shut down to prevent stolen information from being sent back to the hackers. The Prime Minister's |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausgrid | Ausgrid is an electricity distribution company which owns, maintains and operates the electrical networks supplying 1.8 million customers servicing more than 4 million people in Sydney, the Central Coast and Hunter regions of New South Wales, Australia. It was formed in 2011 from the previously state-owned energy retailer/distributor, EnergyAustralia, when the retail division of the company, along with the EnergyAustralia brand, was sold by the Government of New South Wales, and the remainder renamed Ausgrid.
Ownership
Ausgrid was wholly owned by the Government of New South Wales from 2011 to 2016. In 2016, the New South Wales Government offered the effective sale of a 50.4% stake in Ausgrid, through a 99-year lease. Initial bidding was won by a consortium of State Grid Corporation of China and Cheung Kong Infrastructure Holdings. On 11 August 2016 the Federal Government intervened to block the proposal, citing national security concerns regarding foreign ownership of critical infrastructure. In September 2016 the New South Wales Government instead accepted a bid from an Australian-based consortium of AustralianSuper and IFM Investors, for a sum of $16 billion.
History
Ausgrid has received numerous complaints and requests for better stakeholder management and consultation of the local community. Ausgrid was seen as forcing their network capacity increasing (and therefore profit increasing) projects onto local residential communities. Affected residents groups from the suburbs of Leichhardt, Penshurst and East Lindfield protested against proposed electricity infrastructure being installed in front of their residential homes without proper consultation or response to complaints by the community. The residents, after many urgent appeals to Ausgrid's former COO Trevor Armstrong and the former chairman Roger Massey-Green, had been given no other option to notify local MP's, the media, the Environmental Protection Authority and other authorities to get action against Ausgrid.
Accusations were also made of Ausgrid "gold plating" its business at the expense of consumers to increase the price in privatisation. Ausgrid undertook the rapid replacement of its fleet of vehicles.
See also
Sydney County Council
References
External links
ausgrid.com.au
Companies based in Sydney
Companies established in 2011
Government-owned companies of New South Wales
Electric power distribution network operators in Australia
2011 establishments in Australia
Privately held companies of Australia
Government-owned energy companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leah%20Culver | Leah Culver (born 1982 or 1983) is a computer programmer, startup founder, and angel investor.
Education
Culver started as an art major at the University of Minnesota, but switched majors and earned a Bachelor of Science in computer science in 2006.
Career
Culver is a co-author of a Python library for the open-standard authentication OAuth 1.0 and a co-author of OEmbed.
After graduating, she worked at the startups iLoop Mobile and Instructables. While working at Instructables, she received attention for etching company logos onto her laptop, which was funded by that ad space.
In June 2007, she co-founded Pownce, with Digg's cofounder Kevin Rose and Digg’s creative director, Daniel Burka. Pownce was a micro-blogging site she programmed by herself as an experiment, described as "Twitter meets Napster". The company was funded with investments from Culver's friends and family, rather than venture capitalists. Pownce was acquired by Six Apart in December 2008. The website was shut down after the acquisition, but Culver implemented the technology she built for Pownce in TypePad and TypePad Motion. She left the company in February 2010.
After leaving Six Apart, Culver, along with Eric Florenzano and Eric Maguire, co-founded Convore, backed by Y Combinator. Convore focused primarily on an application for real time chat, technology that was inspired by FriendFeed groups and 37 Signals’ Campfire . Convore pivoted into Grove, a chat service for workgroups, which Culver says was sold to Revolution Systems in October 2012.
Culver went on to work as an engineer at Dropbox, where she and her team created a copy of a fictional Image compression algorithm called Pied Piper from the television series Silicon Valley.
Leah Culver was CTO of Breaker, a content-discovery platform for podcasts, which she co-founded with Erik Berlin in 2016. In January 2021, Culver and the Breaker team joined Twitter to help build Twitter Spaces. The Breaker application was scheduled for shut down on January 15, 2021, but instead was taken over by Maple Media.
Culver was on the cover of MIT Technology Review in July 2008, was named among the Most Influential Women in Web 2.0 by Fast Company magazine in November 2008, was featured in the documentary The Startup Kids in 2012, and was among Girl Geek X's 30 Female CTOs to Watch list in 2019.
Culver has invested in technology such as Maker, a woman-led and minority-owned canned wine company, and Gowalla, a former Foursquare competitor turned augmented reality social application.
Personal life
Culver is from Minnesota. She resides in San Francisco, California with her Instagram-famous pug Mr. Wiggles.
In January 2020, Culver purchased 714 Steiner Street, the pink Painted Lady, for $3.55 million, well over its asking price. Culver purchased the home with the intention of renovating the property to its 130-year-old glory, while making the home more climate-friendly with the direction of architect David Armour. Culver created In |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Mexico%20Association%20of%20Student%20Councils | New Mexico Association of Student Councils (NMASC) is a student leadership organization in the state of New Mexico. It offers leadership training experiences, resources and networking opportunities for students and advisers all across the Land of Enchantment. The NMASC is sponsored by the New Mexico Association of Secondary School Principals as well as the New Mexico Activities Association.
General information
The New Mexico Association of Student Councils is composed of five districts across the state of New Mexico. The five districts are Central District; Northeast District; Northwest District; Southeast District; and Southwest District. The NMASC sponsors a variety of activities that are available to all member schools. Activities include an annual conference held at a chosen member school, summer workshops that are held at the New Mexico Tech, fall district workshops, and additional activities.
Executive Board
The NMASC's governing body is composed of an executive board consisting of an Executive Director, an Adviser to the President, an Adviser to the 1st Vice-President, an Adviser to the 2nd Vice-President, and an Adviser to the Secretary, as well as four state officers.
There is an appointed Executive Director who is hired by the New Mexico Association of Secondary Principals with recommendation from the NMASC Executive Board
State officers are student leaders elected by member schools to serve as the NMASC's State President, 1st Vice President, 2nd Vice President, and Secretary. All state officers serve for a term of one year beginning with their installation at the State Conference.
State Conference
The NMASC State Conference is held each February at a selected member school. Each year, member schools send delegates to the conference to enhance their leadership skills, hear motivational speakers and network with other student leaders from throughout the state.
State conference locations and themes
Summer Leadership Workshop
Each Summer, the NMASC hosts a Summer Leadership Workshop that occurs usually the last week in July at the UNM Campus in Albuquerque. Attendees here, learn the values of leadership, responsibility, and effective roles of being great leaders in their schools. Since 2012, the annual Summer Leadership Workshop has been held at New Mexico Tech in Socorro.
References
External links
NMASC Online
Constitution
Non-profit organizations based in New Mexico
Youth organizations based in New Mexico
Student governments in the United States
Education in New Mexico |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20City%2C%20Kochi | Cyber City, Kochi, also known as Adani Cyber City, is a proposed Special Economic Zone information technology park in the city of Kochi, Kerala, India. It is promoted by Adani and is located near HMT at Kalamassery. The SEZ will be built over a land area of . Construction was expected to start on 17 February 2011, and the first phase was scheduled to be within two years. The current status of the project is uncertain as the work never commenced as planned.
According to the rules governing a Special Economic Zone, 70% of the built-up area will be processing area for IT and ITES business, primarily for export. The remaining 30 per cent is categorised as a non-processing zone and will feature shopping malls, convention centres, apartment complexes and other lifestyle needs, developing it into a full-fledged township.
The first phase consists of a built-up space of , to be built in two years. Once completed, it will house a built-up space of .
Location & Connectivity
The planned township is on 70 acres of land bought from HMT. It is located 17 km from the city centre and 22 km from the International Airport, among an area where a number of other similar developments are being planned. the distance to NH 47 is 5 km.
The VSNL’s communication gateway is located less than 7 km from the park. This gateway handles around 70% of the country’s data traffic. The proximity to the SAFE and SEA-ME-WE 3 cables dropping zone and direct optical fibre link to the gigabyte router of VSNL, enables the park to offer 100% uptime data connectivity to units. Kochi offers Pacific and Atlantic route of connectivity to the US.
Infrastructure
70% of the built up area of the township will be used for IT and ITES industries. The remaining 30% will be non processing area, used for residential, commercial and entertainment purposes.
See also
Economy of Kochi
Smart City
Infopark, Kochi
Electronics City, Kochi
References
External links
Keralait.org
Software technology parks in Kerala
Economy of Kochi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanthana%20Linux%20%28operating%20system%29 | Hanthana Linux is a Linux distribution based on Fedora, distributed as free and open source software.
It is specially designed to cater to the needs of Sri Lankan computer users who are unable to access the Internet frequently, with many most-wanted applications built in.
Hanthana is developed by the Sri Lanka-based Hanthana Community.
History and development process
Hanthana is a remix of the Fedora operating system. The original aim of the Hanthana team was to create an easy-to-use Linux desktop with as many useful applications preloaded, as downloading applications over the Internet is not possible for many rural areas of Sri Lanka.
Hanthana's first release was on 19 September 2009. Since then, Hanthana community has released new versions of Hanthana every six months with commitment to support each release for eighteen months by providing security fixes, patches to critical bugs and minor updates to programs. Once a new Fedora version is released, after some time, the corresponding Hanthana
version will be released and it contains all the software updates up to the date of release.
Hanthana packages are based on packages from Fedora's: both distributions use RedHat's rpm package format and package management tools Yum (PackageKit).
Features
Hanthana is composed of many software packages, of which the majority are distributed under a free software license, making an exception only for some proprietary hardware drivers. The main license used is the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL) which, along with the GNU Lesser General Public License (GNU LGPL), explicitly declares that users are free to run, copy, distribute, study, change, develop and improve the software. On the other hand, there is also proprietary software available that can run on Hanthana. Hanthana focuses on usability, security and stability. Hanthana also emphasizes accessibility and internationalization to reach as many people as possible. From the start UTF-8 is the default character encoding, which allows for support of a variety of non-Roman scripts.
Hanthana comes installed with a wide range of software that includes LibreOffice, Firefox, Pidgin, Transmission, GIMP, and several lightweight games (such as Sudoku and chess).
Installation
Installation of Hanthana is generally performed with the Live DVD. Hanthana can be run directly from the DVD (albeit with a significant performance loss), allowing a user to "test-drive" the OS for hardware compatibility and driver support.
Users can download a disk image (.iso) of the DVD, which can then either be written to a physical medium (DVD), or optionally run directly from a hard drive (via UNetbootin or GRUB).
Following minimum hardware specifications will ensure your work on Hanthana easier and faster:
For text mode
recommended processor : 200 MHz Pentium Pro or faster
minimum memory (RAM): 256 MB
For graphical mode
recommended processor : 400 MHz Pentium Pro or faster
minimum memory (RAM): 640 MB
recommended memory (RA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click%20Asia%20Summit | Click Asia Summit is a conference, expo, and workshop focused on digital and mobile marketing, held in India. The event includes speakers, workshops, and networking sessions, to learn about trends and technologies in the industry. The event is primarily focused on Asian companies.
2016
The "Click Asia Summit" 2016 was held at Taj Lands End, Mumbai on the 21-22 April. Robert Scoble, Entrepreneur in Residence from UploadVR, was the Keynote Speaker of Click Asia Summit 2016.
2012
The "Click Asia Summit" 2012 was held on 15-17 January at the Taj Lands End, Mumbai. The speaker lineup included Shashi Tharoor and Ankit Fadia.
Workshops held included courses on SEO, Social Media, Analytics and Creativity.
2011
The first "Click Asia Summit" was held on 20-22 January 2011 at the Taj Lands End, Mumbai. The keynote speakers were Gurbaksh Chahal and Gillian Muessig. The evening guest speaker was actor Anupam Kher.
Attendees
Click Asia Summit is aimed at: large businesses, SEO companies, IT companies, small and medium businesses, and digital agencies.
References
External links
Click Asia Summit
Technology conferences
Business conferences in India
Telecommunications in India |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multilinear%20subspace%20learning | Multilinear subspace learning is an approach for disentangling the causal factor of data formation and performing dimensionality reduction.
The Dimensionality reduction can be performed on a data tensor that contains a collection of observations have been vectorized, or observations that are treated as matrices and concatenated into a data tensor. Here are some examples of data tensors whose observations are vectorized or whose observations are matrices concatenated into data tensor images (2D/3D), video sequences (3D/4D), and hyperspectral cubes (3D/4D).
The mapping from a high-dimensional vector space to a set of lower dimensional vector spaces is a multilinear projection. When observations are retained in the same organizational structure as matrices or higher order tensors, their representations are computed by performing linear projections into the column space, row space and fiber space.
Multilinear subspace learning algorithms are higher-order generalizations of linear subspace learning methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA).
Background
Multilinear methods may be causal in nature and perform causal inference, or they may be simple regression methods from which no causal conclusion are drawn.
Linear subspace learning algorithms are traditional dimensionality reduction techniques that are well suited for datasets that are the result of varying a single causal factor. Unfortunately, they often become inadequate when dealing with datasets that are the result of multiple causal factors. .
Multilinear subspace learning can be applied to observations whose measurements were vectorized and organized into a data tensor for causally aware dimensionality reduction. These methods may also be employed in reducing horizontal and vertical redundancies irrespective of the causal factors when the observations are treated as a "matrix" (ie. a collection of independent column/row observations) and concatenated into a tensor.
Algorithms
Multilinear principal component analysis
Historically, multilinear principal component analysis has been referred to as "M-mode PCA", a terminology which was coined by Peter Kroonenberg.
In 2005, Vasilescu and Terzopoulos introduced the Multilinear PCA terminology as a way to better differentiate between multilinear tensor decompositions that computed 2nd order statistics associated with each data tensor mode, and subsequent work on Multilinear Independent Component Analysis that computed higher order statistics for each tensor mode. MPCA is an extension of PCA.
Multilinear independent component analysis
Multilinear independent component analysis is an extension of ICA.
Multilinear linear discriminant analysis
Multilinear extension of LDA
TTP-based: Discriminant Analysis with Tensor Representation (DATER)
TTP-based: General tensor discriminant analysis (GTDA)
TVP-based: Uncorrela |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTC%20Flyer | The HTC Flyer (also known as the HTC EVO View 4G) is a tablet computer by HTC Corporation. It was announced at the Mobile World Congress (MWC) 2011 and released in May 2011. Unlike other tablets announced at MWC, the Flyer has a single-core 1.5 GHz CPU and ran 2.3.3 (Gingerbread). In February 2011 it was reported that HTC had claimed via Facebook that "Flyer will be getting a Honeycomb upgrade in Q2", however an HTC representative subsequently stated "I can confirm that we are working to bring a Honeycomb update to Flyer in short order – however, I don't have any specific information on what the timing may be." The version running Android 3.2 Honeycomb was released later in 2011. The HTC Flyer can be updated up to Android 4.1.2 Jelly Bean through the use of custom ROMs.
It has a 7-inch TFT display and includes some special features, such as pen input as well as touch input. A Wi-Fi variant was launched on May 22 and it was available via Best Buy. The product was discontinued in December 2011.
Key features
An optional HTC Scribe digital pen using HTC Scribe technology running on top of N-trig DuoSense hardware, by which a user can capture and annotate any on-screen content with notes and drawings using a battery-powered, active, non-capacitive digital stylus.
7" 1024×600 display with multi-touch capability
Integration and compatibility with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 3.0
Built-in dual microphones for noise reduction
Android operating system
Adobe Flash 10.3 and HTML5 support
Hardware
5 MP Color CMOS camera with auto focus
1.3 MP front camera for video chatting
32GB eMMC memory plus microSD card slot
4,000 mAh battery
"The HTC Flyer features an immersive 3D user experience that brings to life, all your favorite content - weather, email and even ebooks." Best Buy was the exclusive retailer for the spring 2011 launch.
References
Tablet computers
Android (operating system) devices
HTC Corporation
Tablet computers introduced in 2011 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vpro | Vpro, vpro or VPRO may refer to:
VPRO, a Dutch broadcasting organisation (originally Vrijzinnig Protestantse Radio Omroep)
Intel vPro, a set of features built into computer motherboards and other hardware
SGI VPro, a series of Silicon Graphics graphics adapters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20intelligence | Product intelligence is defined as an automated system for gathering and analyzing intelligence about the performance of a product being designed and manufactured, such that this data is automatically fed back to the product managers and engineers designing the product, to assist them in the development of the next iteration or version of that product. The goal of product intelligence is to accelerate the rate of product innovation, thereby making the product and its owners more competitive and increasing customer satisfaction. Product intelligence is often applied to electronic products, but it is not necessarily limited to electronic products.
Key points of this definition:
Product intelligence is a separate concept from artificial intelligence.
The focus is on the gathering of product performance, quality and test data.
There is an automated process for gathering information and converting it into intelligence.
The purpose of the exercise is to use the product intelligence to create the next, improved iteration or version of the product.
Product intelligence can also include two additional functions:
An automated process for synchronizing all manufacturing locations involved in producing the product, so that production of the new version can begin immediately. This is typically accomplished by pushing product and test specification software to all the test stations in the manufacturing pipeline over a network or web connection. This accelerates the product's time-to-market.
The automatic enforcement of quality manufacturing processes to ensure that products are manufactured correctly, according to the precise specifications of the product designers. This ensures quality and consistency across many manufacturing sites.
References
See also
Product planning
Market research
Hardware testing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryn%20Navy | Caryn Linda Navy (born July 5, 1953) is an American mathematician and computer scientist. Blind since childhood, she is chiefly known for her work in set-theoretic topology and Braille technology.
Early life
Navy was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1953. Born premature, she was diagnosed as totally blind from retinopathy of prematurity. Her family soon discovered that she could actually see from the corner of one eye, but at age 10 she lost all sight due to retinal detachment.
The next year, in sixth grade, Navy began learning to read and write Braille at school. She also learned the Nemeth Braille system for writing mathematics, which became her favorite subject. She enjoyed team math competitions, and at age 14 independently rediscovered Euclid's formula for even perfect numbers. She also learned Hebrew Braille in preparation for her bat mitzvah service. At age 16 Navy was hired for her first job, as a Dictaphone typist in New York City. She took a class to learn to travel the New York City Subway.
Education
Navy attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1971–1975, majoring in mathematics. The only textbook she had
in Braille was her calculus book. All her other books were obtained as audiobooks from Recording for the Blind.
At MIT, her undergraduate advisor James Munkres introduced her to the subject of topology. Upon her graduation with a bachelor's degree in mathematics in 1975, she received the AMITA Senior Academic Award from the Association of MIT Alumnae. Early in her undergraduate career, Navy met David Holladay, an electrical engineering student. He looked up enough Braille to write her a note after their first meeting. They were married after graduation.
Navy attended graduate school at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, majoring in mathematics, with a minor in computer science. During her graduate education, she used an Optacon device to read textbooks that were not available in Braille or as audiobooks. She received her M.A. in 1977, and her Ph.D. in 1981 under the supervision of topologist Mary Ellen Rudin.
Mathematics
Navy's doctoral thesis, "Nonparacompactness in Para-Lindelöf Spaces", was important in the development of metrizability theory. The paper examines the properties of para-Lindelöf topological spaces, which are a generalization of both Lindelöf spaces and paracompact spaces. In a para-Lindelöf space, every open cover has a locally countable open refinement, that is, one such that each point of the space has a neighborhood that intersects only countably many elements of the refinement. The spaces constructed by Navy are counterexamples to the conjecture that all para-Lindelöf spaces are paracompact. Some of her spaces are even normal Moore spaces under suitable set-theoretic assumptions. Since every metrizable space is paracompact, these are counterexamples to the normal Moore space conjecture.
Stephen Watson called Navy's construction "a rather general one that permitted quite a lot of latitude" and said |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP%20Integral%20PC | The HP Integral PC (or HP 9807A) is a portable UNIX workstation computer system produced by Hewlett-Packard, launched in 1985 at a price of £5450. It utilizes the Motorola 68000 microprocessor (running at 8 MHz) and ran the HP-UX 1.0 operating system.
Hardware
The Integral PC is a mains-powered portable computer with a 9-inch amber electroluminescent display with a resolution of 512×255 pixels or 80×25 characters (the 256th line of the display is not used). It also incorporated a 710 kB 3.5" floppy disk drive and an HP ThinkJet ink-jet printer. Standard memory capacity was 256 KB ROM plus 512 KB RAM, expandable to 7.5 MB. Expansion slots and an HP-IB bus were also included. The mechanical design was based on the ideas of the de facto standard HP-85.
Within the Integral PC CPU, RAM, ROM, memory management, I/O buffering, system timing and keyboard interface are integrated on a single logic-board. All peripheral units and the 14 connections are built using independent boards. Each board is smaller than a letter sized sheet. To make it easier to check the boards, each board contains an own timer. The I/O-board (with two connections for optional addons), the keyboard-interface, the "Human Interface Link" HP-HIL and the power supply can be checked and tested independently.
The graphics processor of the Integral PC (GPU) was custom made and could drive an electroluminescence display or nearly every kind of monitor. The processor provides a graphical subsystem which is simple to use to drive a bitmapped display (32 KB display memory). The GPU is able to draw lines, rectangles and alphanumerical characters by hardware. Additionally it provides a hardware cursor and the display-RAM-interface.
The electroluminescence-display was based on thin-film-technique developed by HP and other companies.
Software
The Integral PC is unusual in that the HP-UX operating system kernel resided in the ROM, which also included the HP Windows graphical user interface and the Personal Applications Manager (PAM). HP-UX commands and utilities were supplied separately on floppy disk, with separate disks for standard Unix commands (including the C shell), utilities, diagnostics and system programming resources. There was an add on ROM that provides HP-BASIC. Using the ROM, the Integral PC was ready to run BASIC simply by switching on the system.
See also
HP Roman-8 (character set)
References
Integral PC
68k-based computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Reformation%20Digital%20Library | __notoc__
The Post-Reformation Digital Library (PRDL) is a database of digitized books from the early modern era. The collected titles are directly linked to full-text versions of the works in question. The bibliography was initially inclined toward Protestant writers from the Reformation and immediate Post-Reformation era (the later sometimes characterized as the age of Protestant Scholasticism). In its current development the project is moving toward being a comprehensive database of early modern theology and philosophy and also includes late medieval and patristic works printed in the early modern period.
The database is a project of the Junius Institute for Digital Reformation Research at Calvin Theological Seminary, and was produced in cooperation with the H. Henry Meeter Center for Calvin Studies, a joint undertaking of Calvin College and Calvin Theological Seminary.
As bibliographical projects such as VD 16, VD 17, and English Short Title Catalogue, have a more narrow national or regional focus, meta-bibliographical tools such as PRDL and Early Modern Thought Online play a vital role in facilitating scholarship in the rapidly changing technological landscape.
See also
List of digital library projects
Digital curation
:Category:Digital libraries
:Category:Geographic region-oriented digital libraries
References
Sources
.
.
.
.
.
External links
of the Post-Reformation Digital Library
Early modern printing databases
Christian bibliographies
Bibliographic databases and indexes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ORiN | ORiN (Open Robot/Resource interface for the Network) is a standard network interface for FA (factory automation) systems. The Japan Robot Association proposed ORiN in 2002, and the ORiN Forum develops and maintains the ORiN standard.
Background
The installation of PC (Personal Computer) applications in the factory has increased dramatically recently. Various types of application software systems, such as production management systems, process management systems, operation monitoring systems and failure analysis systems, have become vital to factory operation. These software systems are becoming indispensable for the manufacturing system.
However, most of these software systems are only compatible with specific models or specific manufacturers of the FA system. This is because the software system is “custom made” depending on the specific special network or protocol. Once this type of application is installed in a factory and if there are no resident software engineers for the system, the improvement of the system will stop, the cost-effectiveness of the system will be worsen, and the total value of the system will deteriorate.
Another recent problem in production is the rapid increase of the product demand at the initial stage of the product release. The manufactures will lose the chance of possible profit if they cannot meet the demand. To cope with the problem, manufacturing industry is trying to achieve the vertical upstart of the production, and high re-usability of both hardware and software is the key for the goal.
To solve these problems, ORiN was developed as a standard PC application platform.
Outline
ORiN was originally developed as a standard platform for robot applications. Nowadays, ORiN became a manufacturing application program platform for handling wider range of resources including robots and other FA devices like programmable logic controllers (PLC) and numerical control (NC) systems, or more generic resources like databases and local file systems. ORiN specifications are on software only and are independent from hardware. Therefore, ORiN can be smoothly integrated with other existing technologies only by developing software. By using ORiN, development of manufacture-independent and model-independent application becomes easy.
By utilizing ORiN, various application software development and active multi-vender system construction by third-party companies are expected. In addition, on economy side, increase of manufacturing competitiveness, expansion of FA market, advancement of software industry in FA, and creation of FA engineering industry are also expected.
Features
ORiN is independent from hardware, and all ORiN specifications are for software. ORiN (Version 2) is composed of the following three key technology specifications.
CAO (Controller Access Object), standard program interface specifications : Specifications to facilitate generalization of application software
CRD (Controller Resource Definition), standard |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diskcopy | In computing, diskcopy is a command used on a number of operating systems for copying the complete contents of a diskette to another diskette.
Implementations
The command is available in MS-DOS, IBM PC DOS, DR FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, MetaComCo TRIPOS, Processor Technology PTDOS, AmigaDOS, TSL PC-MOS, PTS-DOS, SISNE plus, FreeDOS, IBM OS/2, and Microsoft Windows.
The MS-DOS version was originally written in August 1982.
It is available in MS-DOS versions 2 and later. Digital Research DR DOS 6.0 and Datalight ROM-DOS also include an implementation of the command. The FreeDOS version was developed by Imre Leber and is licensed under the GNU GPL 2.
The command is not included in Windows 10.
Example
Copy the complete contents of the diskette in Drive A drive to the diskette in B drive.
>diskcopy a: b:
If there is only have one diskette drive, diskcopy can be done by typing the source drive only. The disk copy program will prompt to insert the second (target) diskette once it finishes reading the complete contents of the first (source) diskette track by track into memory.
>diskcopy a:
If only the first side of the diskette needs to be copied, even if the target diskette is double sided, the /1 switch can be used.
>diskcopy a: /1
To make sure the contents are written reliably, the /V switch can be used, but it will cost more time to copy.
>diskcopy a: /V
Force diskcopy to use only the conventional memory for temporary storage:
>diskcopy a: /M
Limitation
Diskcopy does not work with hard disk drives, CDs, network drives, Zip drives, or USB drives, etc. It also does not allow diskcopy from 3.5 inch drive to 5.25 inch drives, and vice versa. The source and target drive must be the same size.
References
Further reading
External links
diskcopy | Microsoft Docs
Open source DISKCOPY implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0
DOS the Easy Way Guide to MS-DOS: DISKCOPY
Computer Hope: Microsoft DOS diskcopy command
External DOS commands
Microsoft free software
MSX-DOS commands
OS/2 commands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String%20interpolation | In computer programming, string interpolation (or variable interpolation, variable substitution, or variable expansion) is the process of evaluating a string literal containing one or more placeholders, yielding a result in which the placeholders are replaced with their corresponding values. It is a form of simple template processing or, in formal terms, a form of quasi-quotation (or logic substitution interpretation). The placeholder may be a variable name, or in some languages an arbitrary expression, in either case evaluated in the current context.
String interpolation is an alternative to building string via concatenation, which requires repeat quoting and unquoting; or substituting into a printf format string, where the variable is far from where it is used. Compare:
apples = 4
puts "I have #{apples} apples." # string interpolation
puts "I have " + String(apples) + " apples." # string concatenation
puts "I have %d apples." % apples # format string
Two types of literal expression are usually offered: one with interpolation enabled, the other without. Non-interpolated strings may also escape sequences, in which case they are termed a raw string, though in other cases this is separate, yielding three classes of raw string, non-interpolated (but escaped) string, interpolated (and escaped) string. For example, in Unix shells, single-quoted strings are raw, while double-quoted strings are interpolated. Placeholders are usually represented by a bare or a named sigil (typically $ or %), e.g. $apples or %apples, or with braces, e.g. {apples}, sometimes both, e.g. ${apples}. In some cases additional formatting specifiers can be used (as in printf), e.g. {apples:3}, and in some cases the formatting specifiers themselves can be interpolated, e.g. {apples:width}. Expansion of the string usually occurs at run time.
Language support for string interpolation varies widely. Some languages do not offer string interpolation, instead using concatenation, simple formatting functions, or template libraries. String interpolation is common in many programming languages which make heavy use of string representations of data, such as Apache Groovy, Julia, Kotlin, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby, Scala, Swift, Tcl and most Unix shells.
Algorithms
There are two main types of variable-expanding algorithms for variable interpolation:
Replace and expand placeholders: creating a new string from the original one, by find–replace operations. Find variable reference (placeholder), replace it by its variable value. This algorithm offers no cache strategy.
Split and join string: splitting the string into an array, merging it with the corresponding array of values, then joining items by concatenation. The split string can be cached for reuse.
Security issues
String interpolation, like string concatenation, may lead to security problems. If user input data is improperly escaped or filtered, the system will be exposed to SQL injection, script injection, XML external entity (XXE) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential%20theory%20of%20the%20reals | In mathematical logic, computational complexity theory, and computer science, the existential theory of the reals is the set of all true sentences of the form
where the variables are interpreted as having real number values, and where is a quantifier-free formula involving equalities and inequalities of real polynomials. A sentence of this form is true if it is possible to find values for all of the variables that, when substituted into formula , make it become true.
The decision problem for the existential theory of the reals is the problem of finding an algorithm that decides, for each such sentence, whether it is true or false. Equivalently, it is the problem of testing whether a given semialgebraic set is non-empty. This decision problem is NP-hard and lies in PSPACE, giving it significantly lower complexity than Alfred Tarski's quantifier elimination procedure for deciding statements in the first-order theory of the reals without the restriction to existential quantifiers. However, in practice, general methods for the first-order theory remain the preferred choice for solving these problems.
The complexity class has been defined to describe the class of computational problems that may be translated into equivalent sentences of this form. In structural complexity theory, it lies between NP and PSPACE. Many natural problems in geometric graph theory, especially problems of recognizing geometric intersection graphs and straightening the edges of graph drawings with crossings, belong to , and are complete for this class. Here, completeness means that there exists a translation in the reverse direction, from an arbitrary sentence over the reals into an equivalent instance of the given problem.
Background
In mathematical logic, a theory is a formal language consisting of a set of sentences written using a fixed set of symbols. The first-order theory of real closed fields has the following symbols:
the constants 0 and 1,
a countable collection of variables ,
the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and (optionally) division operations,
symbols <, ≤, =, ≥, >, and ≠ for comparisons of real values,
the logical connectives ∧, ∨, ¬, and ⇔,
parentheses, and
the universal quantifier ∀ and the existential quantifier ∃
A sequence of these symbols forms a sentence that belongs to the first-order theory of the reals if it is grammatically well formed, all its variables are properly quantified, and (when interpreted as a mathematical statement about the real numbers) it is a true statement. As Tarski showed, this theory can be described by an axiom schema and a decision procedure that is complete and effective: for every fully quantified and grammatical sentence, either the sentence or its negation (but not both) can be derived from the axioms. The same theory describes every real closed field, not just the real numbers. However, there are other number systems that are not accurately described by these axioms; in particular, the theory defined in the |
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