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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Rodgers%20Organization | The Peter Rodgers Organization (PRO) is a television syndication company based in Hollywood, California. It distributes more than 2,000 films, and dozens of documentaries and off-network television series to global markets.
History
The company was founded in 1976 by Peter S. Rodgers, a Viennese escapee of Nazi persecution, who arrived in the United States in 1938. Following a distinguished tour of service in the United States Army as a military intelligence officer during World War II, Rodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1954 to work for National Telefilm Associates (NTA), where he would serve as Vice President of Domestic Distribution and Sales, reporting to President and Chairman of the Board Ely Landau.
In 1976, he left NTA to form the Peter Rodgers Organization. Over the last four decades, the company has represented and managed the rights to classic television shows.
Peter Rodgers died on February 21, 1988, at age 68. He was succeeded by his son, Stephen Rodgers.
Rodgers' death left family members arguing, with some of them wanting to liquidate the prestigious and prosperous entertainment company he had formed. After resulting legal clashes, Rodgers’ son Stephen surrendered all inheritance left to him by his father, and purchased the agency from the estate in 1988. He has served as its CEO since that time. At the time, Stephen Rodgers was believed to be the youngest CEO of any active business in this field, having succeeded his father at age 25.
References
Film distributors of the United States
Television syndication distributors
Entertainment companies based in California
Companies based in Los Angeles
Entertainment companies established in 1976
1976 establishments in California |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Like%20button | A like button, like option, or recommend button is a feature in communication software such as social networking services, Internet forums, news websites and blogs where the user can express that they like, enjoy or support certain content. Internet services that feature like buttons usually display the number of users who liked each content, and may show a full or partial list of them. This is a quantitative alternative to other methods of expressing reaction to content, like writing a reply text. Some websites also include a dislike button, so the user can either vote in favor, against or neutrally. Other websites include more complex web content voting systems. For example, five stars or reaction buttons to show a wider range of emotion to the content.
Implementations
Vimeo
Video sharing site Vimeo added a "like" button in November 2005. Developer Andrew Pile describes it as an iteration of the "digg" button from the site Digg.com, saying "We liked the Digg concept, but we didn't want to call it 'Diggs,' so we came up with 'Likes'".
FriendFeed
The like button on FriendFeed was announced as a feature on October 30, 2007, and was popularized within that community. Later the feature was integrated into Facebook before FriendFeed was acquired by Facebook on August 10, 2009.
Facebook
The Facebook like button is designed as a hand giving "thumbs up". It was originally discussed to have been a star or a plus sign, and during development the feature was referred to as "awesome" instead of "like". It was introduced on 9 February 2009. In February 2016, Facebook introduced reactions - a new way to express peoples emotions to Facebook posts. Some reactions included "Love", "Haha", "Wow", "Sad", or "Angry".
The like button is a significant power sharing tool, as one "like" will make the post show up on friends' feed, boosting the algorithm to ensure the post is seen and interacted with in order to continue the cycle of engagement.
On the other hand, a study highlights the disadvantage of the “like” reaction in algorithmic content ranking on Facebook. The "like” button can increase the engagement, but can decrease the organic reach as a “brake effect of viral reach”.
YouTube
In 2010, as part of a wider redesign of the service, YouTube switched from a star-based rating system to Like/Dislike buttons. Under the previous system, users could rate videos on a scale from 1 to 5 stars; YouTube staff argued that this change reflected common usage of the system, as 2-, 3-, and 4-star ratings were not used as often. In 2012, YouTube briefly experimented with replacing the Like and Dislike buttons with a Google+ +1 button.
In 2019, after the backlash from YouTube Rewind 2018, YouTube began considering options to combat "dislike mobs," including an option to completely remove the dislike button. The video is the most disliked video on YouTube, passing the music video for Justin Bieber's "Baby". On November 12, 2021, YouTube announced it will make dislike cou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20eNodeB | A Home eNodeB, or HeNB, is the 3GPP's term for an LTE femtocell or Small Cell.
An eNodeB is an element of an LTE Radio Access Network, or E-UTRAN. A HeNB performs the same function of an eNodeB, but is optimized for deployment for smaller coverage than macro eNodeB, such as indoor premises and public hotspots.
Home Node B is 3G (UMTS) counterpart of the HeNB.
Architecture
Within an HeNB Access Network there are three new network elements: the Home eNodeB, the Security Gateway (SeGW) and the Home eNodeB Gateway, or HeNB-GW.
Home eNodeB (HeNB) – A HeNB provides LTE radio coverage for LTE handsets. HeNBs incorporate the capabilities of a standard eNodeB.
Security Gateway (SeGW) - Installed in an operator's network, the Security Gateway establishes IPsec tunnels with HeNBs using IKEv2 signaling for IPsec tunnel management. IPsec tunnels are responsible for delivering all voice, messaging and packet data services between HeNB and the core network. The SeGW forwards traffic to HeNB-GW.
HeNB Gateway (HeNB-GW) - It is an optional network element (NE) installed within an operator's network. If it is present, it is placed between the HeNB and the MME and it aggregates traffic from a large number of HeNBs back into an existing core service network through the standard S1 interface.
Architectural Variations
There are three architectural variations as described in 3GPP TR23.830. The variations are driven by the following factors: 1) whether the HeNB-GW is present or not, and 2) if HeNB-GW is present, whether the S1 User Plane (S1-U) goes through it or not.
Variation 1
HeNB-GW is present and it aggregates both S1-MME and S1-U.
Variation 2
HeNB-GW is not present; in this case, the HeNB is directly connected with MME and SGW (i.e. same architecture with normal macro eNodeB).
Variation 3
HeNB-GW is present and it aggregates S1-MME only; S1-U interface is directly connected with SGW
Logical Interface
The logical interface on HeNB is the same with the macro eNodeB architecture. There are, however, differences in terms of the termination point of the logical interface depending on whether HeNB-GW is present or not.
Control Plane (CP) Interface - The interface between the HeNB and the HeNB-GW, and between HeNB-GW and MME is S1-MME. From protocol perspective, the same S1AP and X2AP protocols are used in HeNBs as well as macro eNodeBs.
User Plane (UP) Interface - The interface between HeNB and the HeNB-GW, and between HeNB-GW and S-GW is S1-U. If the HeNB-GW is present, then the UP can be carried through either the HeNB-GW or directly to the S-GW; both topologies are possible.
O&M Interface - Management interface between HeNB and Home eNodeB Management System (HeMS). It uses TR-069 (CWMP) as the management protocol and TR-196 data model. The main purpose is for the configuration of the HNB.
Standard
The following 3GPP documents are specifically on HeNB:
3GPP TS 22.220: Service requirements for Home Node B (HNB) and Home eNode B (HeNB) - E |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIS%20%28operating%20system%29 | ISIS, short for Intel System Implementation Supervisor, is an operating system for early Intel microprocessors like the 8080. It was originally developed by Ken Burgett and Jim Stein under the management of Steve Hanna and Terry Opdendyk for the Intel Microprocessor Development System with two 8" floppy drives, starting in 1975, and later adopted as ISIS-II as the operating system for the PL/M compiler, assembler, link editor, and In-Circuit Emulator (developed by Steve Morse). The ISIS operating system was developed on an early prototype of the MDS 800 computer, the same type of hardware that Gary Kildall used to develop CP/M.
Overview
Communication with the user is terminal-like. Its user interface is somewhat CP/M-like, even from the program interface point of view. For file opening, the program sends the name of file and gets back a handle. Each device has a name, which is entered between a pair of colons (:F0: and :F1: are floppies, :LP: is printer, etc.). Each diskette has one directory and no subdirectories. ISIS-II has been distributed as part of the Intel Microprocessor Development System and includes standard operating system commands (COPY, DELETE, DIR, RENAME, FORMAT) and debugging software (assembler, linker and debugger for external debugging in the developed device). There are two editors, one of which, AEDIT, contains editing macros support. File editing is provided directly on diskette (a .BAK file is always created). The other editor is CREDIT.
ISIS-II needed at least 32 kilobytes of RAM, the 8080/8085 CPU maximum address space was 64 kilobytes. In the MDS-800 and Series-II, the Monitor occupied F800h to FFFFh. Floppy disk format was 8-inch single-sided, 250 KB single-sided, single-density FM, or 500 KB single-sided, double-density MMFM. ISIS-PDS was also software and media incompatible and unique, it came on 720 KB DSDD 5¼-inch floppies with the Intel personal development system (iPDS-100).
The ISIS-IV operating system was another incompatible (even with other Intel development systems) that ran on the iMDX-430 Series-IV Network Development System-II.
Intel ASM80, PLM-80, BASIC-80, COBOL-80, FORTRAN-80 were all available for ISIS-II.
ASM86, ASM48, ASM51 were available as well.
Commands
The following list of commands are supported by the ISIS-II console.
IDISK
FORMAT
FIXMAP
DEBUG
SUBMIT
DIR
COPY
HDCOPY
DELETE
RENAME
ATTRIB
BINOBJ
HEXOBJ
OBJHEX
EDIT
LIB
LINK
LOCATE
See also
CONV86
CP/M
RMX (operating system) or iRMX
References
External links
ISIS-MDS Obsolete ISIS SW, MDS HW Retrieved 2016-11-24
Intel MDS 80 - Microcomputer Development System
Joe's Intel MDS web page
ISIS II Users Guide
Intel ISIS Command-Video
Reverse engineered source
Additional reverse engineered source
ISX - An ISIS-II emulator
Intel software
Microcomputer software
Disk operating systems
Floppy disk-based operating systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVTN%20505 | HVTN 505 is a clinical trial testing an HIV vaccine regimen on research participants. The trial is conducted by the HIV Vaccine Trials Network and sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Vaccinations were stopped in April 2013 due to initial results showing that the vaccine was ineffective in preventing HIV infections and lowering viral load among those participants who had become infected with HIV. All study participants will continue to be monitored for safety and any long-term effects.
Organizers
The study is sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) is conducting the trial. The Vaccine Research Center (VRC) developed the vaccines being researched in the trial. The research sites were in the following places:
Annandale, Virginia
Atlanta
Aurora, Colorado
Bethesda, Maryland
Birmingham, Alabama
Boston
Chicago
Cleveland
Dallas
Decatur, Georgia
Houston
Los Angeles
Orlando
Nashville
New York City
Philadelphia
Rochester, New York
San Francisco
Seattle
Purpose
HVTN 505 is being conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of a Vaccine Research Center DNA/rAd5 vaccine regimen in healthy males and male-to-female transgender persons who have sex with men. All participants must be fully circumcised, and must have no evidence of previous infection with Adenovirus 5, which is a common virus that causes colds and respiratory infections. Potential participants were tested for antibodies to Adenovirus 5 as part of the screening process to determine their eligibility.
When the study began the primary outcome being measured was whether the vaccine decreased the viral load, which is amount of HIV in the blood of study participants who received the vaccine then later became infected with HIV. At that time, researchers stated that the vaccine was very unlikely to provide any protection from HIV infection. In August 2011 because of new data from other clinical trials, NIAID shifted the focus of the study to determine whether vaccination was also able to prevent HIV infection. As a result of this change to the research questions, NIAID also announced an expansion in the desired enrollment to a total of 2200 participants. The study was further expanded to 2500 participants in 2012 to ensure that there would be enough data to meaningfully answer the research questions.
Study design
HVTN 505 is a phase IIB, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. The original 2009 design was for 1,350 volunteers to participate and for half to get the experimental vaccine and half to get placebo. The study's enrollment target was expanded to 2,200 in 2011 to gather additional data which would allow researchers to determine the extent to which the vaccine regimen also protected against infection. When the vaccinations were stopped on April 23, 2013, the study had enrolled 2,504 volunteers at 21 sites in 19 cities in the United States.
Volunteers wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalitso%20Kubalasa | Dalitso Kingsley Kubalasa is a Malawian economist and civil rights activist. He is the head of the Malawi Economic Justice Network, a coalition of more than 100 civil society organizations that promote economic governance, and also the Executive Secretary of the Southern Africa People's Solidarity Network. Kubalasa has called on the government to practice sound economic changes to avoid further protests like the ones Malawi experienced in July 2011. He has also advised the government to trim down the bloated cabinet size and asked for cabinet appointments based on qualification and merit.
References
21st-century Malawian economists
Malawian activists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenno%20de%20Winter | Brenno de Winter (born 6 December 1971, in Ede) is a former Dutch ICT and investigative journalist. He writes for Linux Magazine, Computer!Totaal, NU.nl, and Webwereld, and is a commenter for the PowNews programme on PowNed TV. Brenno is also a podcaster and hosts Laura Speaks Dutch.
He caused controversy by submitting requests for information on the basis of the Open Government Act (WOB) to include Jeltje van Nieuwenhoven (regarding her role as OV ambassador) and hundreds WOB requests to all Dutch municipalities and provinces. Because not all agencies fulfilled the WOB requests, de Winter filed lawsuits against them. The Dutch Association of Journalists (NEY) supported de Winter. A court in The Hague ruled in de Winter's favour on 4 May 2010. In April 2010, de Winter was involved in the disclosure of the expenditure of the FENS funds (1.3 billion euros) by the NS. After the publications and media appearances of de Winter related to the ease and simplicity of the OV-chipkaart, the public transport smart card in the Netherlands, the Minister of Infrastructure and Environment was able to get the NVB in Haaglanden about a one-month postponement. Due to the disclosure, the District Attorney decided to open a criminal investigation against de Winter; however, after a legal defence fund met its goals within an hour.
Open source software
Since 1993, de Winter has developed software for commercial applications. Since 1995 he focuses on projects with open source software as a basis. From the late 1990s, he gives lectures and trainings on this and advises organizations on their IT security.
Journalism
Since 2000, de Winter has been a professional journalist. The articles written by him focus on the business side of the IT industry and the technical aspects of open source software and IT security. In his work as an investigative journalist, he makes frequent use of the WOB. In 2011, the journalism magazine Villamedia named de Winter journalist of the year.
In July 2012, de Winter broke a story about Dutch employers' censorship, after an employee of Dutch company Unisys Netherlands was threatened with termination for giving a presentation about online censorship for the conference Last H.O.P.E., in New York.
In September 2012, de Winter released a video and accompanying news story of how he was able to use a fake ID to gain access to numerous Dutch and European government offices, including, amongst many others, the European Parliament and four Dutch government ministries, including the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior, the Dutch Secret Service, and the Dutch National Cyber Security Center.
OV-chipcard Security
Jeltje de Nieuwenhoven wrote a report during her function as OV (public transport) ambassador called "The OV-chipcard, the Traveler and Confidence" which concluded that "many travelers are not very concerned about privacy; it's only an issue when the media makes an issue of it. However, a small amount privacy is important. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vossia%20cuspidata | Vossia is a monotypic genus in the grass family, found in Asia and Africa. The only known species is Vossia cuspidata, an aquatic grass native to Africa (from Senegal to Egypt, Somalia, south to Namibia), and to Assam, Bangladesh, and northern Indochina. The common name is hippo grass.
It is a thick-stemmed, hairy, perennial, emergent, freshwater aquatic grass that can grow in dense stands in waters up to 5.5 metres in depth. The stems form a spongy mat as the dry season progresses. In the Kafue Flats region of Zambia, it is the dominant plant of eutrophic, slow-moving waters. It forms fairly monocultural stands with few other species, but shares this habitat with the tiny free-floating aquatic carnivorous plant Utricularia gibba subsp. exoleta in sheltered areas where the waters are calm. Hippo grass can also be found here together with other plants in areas where different habitats meet, transitioning briefly with the herb Polygonum senegalense and elsewhere the tall cane Sorghum verticilliflorum along the banks of the main river course, as well as on the floodplains with the similar but annual aquatic grass Echinochloa stagnina and elsewhere with the water-lily Nymphaea lotus.
In this area it is heavily grazed upon by huge herds of Kafue Flats lechwe, an antelope, which are largely dependent upon it in the dry season. This keeps the mat of stems in check, which allows other herbaceous plants to colonise areas of open water, while at the same time freeing up grass seeds caught in the mat. These overgrazed areas thus create the habitat for some of the profusion of birdlife.
When the waters rise as the annual floods in the Kafue Flats commence, upon regular occasion large chucks of Vossia and Echinochloa stems detach, and these slowly dying clumps of grass become wind-blown floating mats in the swamps, which host their own unique ecosystem, dominated by the sedge Pycreus mundii, and further supporting the sedges Cyperus nudicaulis, C. imbricatus and Scirpus cubensis, and the herbs Alternanthera sessilis, Ipomoea mauritiana, I. rubens, Ludwigia stolonifera, L. leptocarpa and a Commelina species.
In Zambia V. cuspidata flowers from January through May, with a peak at the end of March. It does not flower in years of drought on patches of land which do not flood.
Formerly included
see Phacelurus
Vossia cambogiensis - Phacelurus cambogiensis
Vossia speciosa - Phacelurus speciosus
References
Panicoideae |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository%20%28version%20control%29 | In version control systems, a repository is a data structure that stores metadata for a set of files or directory structure. Depending on whether the version control system in use is distributed, like Git or Mercurial, or centralized, like Subversion, CVS, or Perforce, the whole set of information in the repository may be duplicated on every user's system or may be maintained on a single server. Some of the metadata that a repository contains includes, among other things, a historical record of changes in the repository, a set of commit objects, and a set of references to commit objects, called heads.
The main purpose of a repository is to store a set of files, as well as the history of changes made to those files. Exactly how each version control system handles storing those changes, however, differs greatly. For instance, Subversion in the past relied on a database instance but has since moved to storing its changes directly on the filesystem. These differences in storage techniques have generally led to diverse uses of version control by different groups, depending on their needs.
Overview
In software engineering, a version control system is used to keep track of versions of a set of files, usually to allow multiple developers to collaborate on a project. The repository keeps track of the files in the project, which is represented as a graph.
A Distributed version control system is made up of central and branch repositories. A central repository exists on the server. To make changes to it, a developer first works on a branch repository, and proceeds to commit the change to the former.
Forges
A code forge is a web interface to a version control system. A user can commonly browse repositories and their constituent files on the page itself.
Static web hosting
While forges are mainly used to perform version control operations, some forges allow users to host static web pages by uploading its source code (such as HTML and JavaScript, but not PHP) to a repository. This is usually done in order to provide documentation or a landing page for a software project.
The use of repositories as a place to upload web documents allows version control to be integrated, and additionally allows quick iteration because changes are pushed through the Version Control System instead of having to upload the file through a protocol like FTP.
Examples of this kind of service include GitHub Pages and GitLab Pages.
See also
Sandbox (software development)
Software repository
Codebase
Git
Forge (software)
Comparison of source-code-hosting facilities
References
Version control |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAIZ%20%28FM%29 | KAIZ is a Christian radio station licensed to Avondale, Arizona, broadcasting on 105.5 MHz FM. The station provides the Air1 network to the Phoenix metropolitan area and is owned by the Educational Media Foundation.
History
KBFE came to air August 26, 1976. Owned by the Eisele Broadcasting Corporation and named for Brett F. Eisele, KBFE broadcast from Casa Grande and held that callsign for just three years before being sold to Grande Communications Corporation, which renamed the station Casa FM 105 with the callsign KSAA. KSAA broadcast a Top 40 format from studios in a reconverted house. In 1983, KSAA became KBBT with a country music format after it was sold at a loss by Grande. In 1989, KBBT was sold by Video Communication and Radio to Casa Grande Broadcasters and changed its format to adult contemporary with a new callsign, KFAS-FM. It also began simulcasting with KPIN AM 1260 (now defunct), which changed its calls to KFAS but by 1990 returned to a country format. The new callsign came from one of the station's part-owners, Frank Sinatra (Francis Albert Sinatra). Casa Grande Broadcasters racked up indebtedness, and the partnership sold the station in 1992 to Robert Finkelstein's Arizona Radio Players in a buyout of the other partners in the company. Finkelstein paid $10,000 in cash and assumed $240,000 of bank indebtedness to acquire KFAS-FM. Arizona Radio Players applied to move the transmitter toward Maricopa and increase power to 50,000 watts, enabling the station to enter into the Phoenix market. From 1992 to 1995, the station used the KKER callsign.
In 1995, a receiver was appointed for Arizona Radio Players, selling the stations to McDaniel and Callaham. The Educational Media Foundation (EMF) began operating the station noncommercially, with new calls KLVA and the K-Love network. After one last attempt at local radio, 1260 AM disappeared, leaving Casa Grande without a local radio station. Two years later, EMF bought KLVA outright. For a brief time in the mid-1990s, KLVA operated a booster on South Mountain as part of its strategy to reach metropolitan Phoenix. An attempted 1997 sale to Big City Radio Phoenix, which would have seen KLVA return to commercial operation, fell through when that company declared bankruptcy and sold its stations.
In January 2017, EMF filed with the FCC to relocate KLVA to a transmitter in the Estrella Mountains and change its community of license to Avondale, Arizona; the proposed mountaintop site is higher, requiring the proposed new KLVA to broadcast with just 800 watts. The move was completed in November 2018, moving the KLVA call letters and K-Love format to 89.9 FM in Superior and Air1 to 105.5, which now covers most of the Phoenix area.
References
External links
Radio stations established in 1976
1976 establishments in Arizona
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
Frank Sinatra
Air1 radio stations
AIZ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20Java%20and%20Android%20API | This article compares the application programming interfaces (APIs) and virtual machines (VMs) of the programming language Java and operating system Android.
While most Android applications are written in Java-like language, there are some differences between the Java API and the Android API, and Android does not run Java bytecode by a traditional Java virtual machine (JVM), but instead by a Dalvik virtual machine in older versions of Android, and an Android Runtime (ART) in newer versions, that compile the same code that Dalvik runs to Executable and Linkable Format (ELF) executables containing machine code.
Java bytecode in Java Archive (JAR) files is not executed by Android devices. Instead, Java classes are compiled into a proprietary bytecode format and run on Dalvik (or compiled version thereof with newer ART), a specialized virtual machine (VM) designed for Android. Unlike Java VMs, which are stack machines (stack-based architecture), the Dalvik VM is a register machine (register-based architecture).
Dalvik has some traits that differentiate it from other standard VMs:
The VM was designed to use less space.
The constant pool has been modified to use only 32-bit indexes to simplify the interpreter.
Standard Java bytecode executes 8-bit stack instructions. Local variables must be copied to or from the operand stack by separate instructions. Dalvik instead uses its own 16-bit instruction set that works directly on local variables. The local variable is commonly picked by a 4-bit virtual register field.
Because the bytecode loaded by the Dalvik virtual machine is not Java bytecode and due to the way Dalvik loads classes, it is impossible to load library packages as jar files. A different procedure must be used to load Android libraries, in which the content of the underlying dex file must be copied in the application private internal storage area before it is loaded.
System properties
As is the case for the Java SE class , the Android class allows retrieving system properties. However, some mandatory properties defined with the Java virtual machine have no meaning or a different meaning on Android. For example:
java.version property returns 0 because it is not used on Android.
java.specification.version invariably returns 0.9 independently of the version of Android used.
java.class.version invariably returns 50 independently of the version of Android used.
user.dir has a different meaning on Android.
user.home and user.name properties do not exist on Android.
Class library
Current versions of Android use the latest Java language and its libraries (but not full graphical user interface (GUI) frameworks), not the Apache Harmony Java implementation, that older versions used. Java 8 source code that works in latest version of Android, can be made to work in older versions of Android.
java.lang package
By default, the default output stream and do not output anything, and developers are encouraged to use the class, which logs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20boxplot | In statistical graphics, the functional boxplot is an informative exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing functional data. Analogous to the classical boxplot, the descriptive statistics of a functional boxplot are: the envelope of the 50% central region, the median curve and the maximum non-outlying envelope.
To construct a functional boxplot, data ordering is the first step. In functional data analysis, each observation is a real function, therefore, different from the classical boxplot where data are simply ordered from the smallest sample value to the largest, in a functional boxplot, functional data, e.g. curves or images, are ordered by a notion of band depth or a modified band depth. It allows for ordering functional data from the center outwards and, thus, introduces a measure to define functional quantiles and the centrality or outlyingness of an observation. Having the ranks of functional data, the functional boxplot is a natural extension of the classical boxplot.
Construction
In the classical boxplot, the box itself represents the middle 50% of the data. Since the data ordering in the functional boxplot is from the center outwards, the 50% central region is defined by the band delimited by the 50% of deepest, or the most central observations. The
border of the 50% central region is defined as the envelope representing the box in a classical boxplot. Thus, this 50% central
region is the analog to the "interquartile range" (IQR) and gives a useful indication of the spread of the central 50% of the curves.
This is a robust range for interpretation because the 50% central region is not affected by outliers or extreme values, and gives a
less biased visualization of the curves' spread. The observation in the box indicates the median, or the most central observation which is also a robust statistic to measure centrality.
The "whiskers" of the boxplot are the vertical lines of the plot extending from the box and indicating the maximum envelope of the
dataset except the outliers.
Outlier detection
Outliers can be detected in a functional boxplot by the 1.5 times the 50% central region empirical rule, analogous to the 1.5 IQR empirical rule for classical boxplots. The fences are obtained by inflating the envelope of the 50% central region by 1.5 times the
height of the 50% central region. Any observations outside the fences are flagged as potential outliers. When each observation is simply a point, the functional boxplot degenerates to a classical boxplot, and it is different from the pointwise boxplots.
Enhanced functional boxplot
By introducing the concept of central regions, the functional boxplot can be generalized to an enhanced functional boxplot where the 25% and 75% central regions are provided as well.
Surface boxplot
Spatio-temporal data can be viewed as a temporal curve at each spatial location, or a spatial surface at each time. In the latter case, a volume-based surface band depth can be used to order sample |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20C.%20Fischer | Patrick Carl Fischer (December 3, 1935 – August 26, 2011) was an American computer scientist, a noted researcher in computational complexity theory and database theory, and a target of the Unabomber.
Biography
Fischer was born December 3, 1935, in St. Louis, Missouri. His father, Carl H. Fischer, became a professor of actuarial mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1941, and the family moved to Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he grew up. Fischer himself went to the University of Michigan, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1957 and an MBA in 1958. He went on to graduate studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning a Ph.D. in 1962 under the supervision of Hartley Rogers, Jr., with a thesis on the subject of recursion theory.
After receiving his Ph.D. in 1962, Fischer joined the faculty of Harvard University as an assistant professor of applied mathematics; his students at Harvard included Albert R. Meyer, through whom Fischer has over 250 academic descendants. as well as noted computer scientists Dennis Ritchie and Arnold L. Rosenberg. In 1965, he moved to a tenured position as associate professor of computer science at Cornell University. After teaching at the University of British Columbia from 1967 to 1968 (where he met his second wife Charlotte Froese) he moved to the University of Waterloo where he became a professor of applied analysis and computer science. At Waterloo, he was department chair from 1972 to 1974. He then moved to Pennsylvania State University in 1974, where he headed the computer science department, and moved again to Vanderbilt University as department chair in 1980. He taught at Vanderbilt for 18 years, and was chair for 15 years. He retired in 1998, and died of stomach cancer on August 26, 2011, in Rockville, Maryland.
Like his father, Fischer became a fellow of the Society of Actuaries.
Fischer's second wife, Charlotte Froese Fischer, was also a computer science professor at Vanderbilt University and the University of British Columbia, and his brother, Michael J. Fischer, is a computer science professor at Yale University.
Research
Fischer's thesis research concerned the effects of different models of computation on the efficiency of solving problems. For instance, he showed how to generate the sequence of prime numbers using a one-dimensional cellular automaton, based on earlier solutions to the firing squad synchronization problem, and his work in this area set the foundation for much later work on parallel algorithms. With Meyer and Rosenberg, Fischer performed influential early research on counter machines, showing that they obeyed time hierarchy and space hierarchy theorems analogous to those for Turing machines.
Fischer was an early leader in the field of computational complexity, and helped establish theoretical computer science as a discipline separate from mathematics and electrical engineering. He was the first chair of SIGACT, the Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forney%20algorithm | In coding theory, the Forney algorithm (or Forney's algorithm) calculates the error values at known error locations. It is used as one of the steps in decoding BCH codes and Reed–Solomon codes (a subclass of BCH codes). George David Forney Jr. developed the algorithm.
Procedure
Need to introduce terminology and the setup...
Code words look like polynomials. By design, the generator polynomial has consecutive roots αc, αc+1, ..., αc+d−2.
Syndromes
Error location polynomial
The zeros of Λ(x) are X1−1, ..., Xν−1. The zeros are the reciprocals of the error locations .
Once the error locations are known, the next step is to determine the error values at those locations. The error values are then used to correct the received values at those locations to recover the original codeword.
In the more general case, the error weights can be determined by solving the linear system
However, there is a more efficient method known as the Forney algorithm, which is based on Lagrange interpolation. First calculate the error evaluator polynomial
Where is the partial syndrome polynomial:
Then evaluate the error values:
The value is often called the "first consecutive root" or "fcr". Some codes select , so the expression simplifies to:
Formal derivative
Λ'(x) is the formal derivative of the error locator polynomial Λ(x):
In the above expression, note that i is an integer, and λi would be an element of the finite field. The operator · represents ordinary multiplication (repeated addition in the finite field) which is the same as the finite field's multiplication operator, i.e.
For instance, in characteristic 2, according as i is even or odd.
Derivation
Lagrange interpolation
gives a derivation of the Forney algorithm.
Erasures
Define the erasure locator polynomial
Where the erasure locations are given by ji. Apply the procedure described above, substituting Γ for Λ.
If both errors and erasures are present, use the error-and-erasure locator polynomial
See also
BCH code
Reed–Solomon error correction
References
W. Wesley Peterson's book
Error detection and correction
Coding theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2TC | S2TC (short for Super Simple Texture Compression) is a texture compression algorithm based on Color Cell Compression. It is designed to be compatible with existing patented S3TC decompressors while avoiding any need for patent licensing fees.
According to the authors, compressed textures produced by a good S2TC implementation are similar in quality to compressed textures produced by a bad S3TC implementation. The S2TC reference implementation is also capable of decompressing S3TC compressed textures, but instead of implementing the patented aspects of the algorithm, the S2TC decompressor picks colors at random. S2TC was created to provide an alternative to S3TC for open source OpenGL implementations which were legally constrained from implementing patented algorithms.
Note, the patent expired on October 2, 2017. S3TC support has landed in Mesa since then.
References
External links
The S2TC wiki
Lossy compression algorithms
Texture compression
Free software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local%20TV%20channels%20in%20Hungary | Many towns and localities in Hungary have their own local television station. The majority of these channels are only available on local CATV networks.
List of Hungarian local television channels
Ajka TV (Ajka)
Alba Orion (Székesfehérvár)
Alföld TV (Debrecen)
Ácsi TV (Ács)
Bajai TV (Baja)
Balmazújváros TV (Balmazújváros)
Baracs TV (Baracs)
Bácska TV (Baja)
Bátonyterenye Városi Televízió (Bátonyterenye)
Bátor TV (Nyírbátor)
Bogárdi Tévé (Sárbogárd)
Bonyhádi Városi TV (Bonyhád)
Budavidék Regionális Televízió (Budakeszi)
BTV (Berettyóújfalu)
Ceglédi Városi Televízió (Cegléd)
Cell TV (Celldömölk)
Centrum TV (dél-pesti régió)
City TV (Budapest - District V. (Belváros-Lipótváros))
Civil TV (Szentes)
Csaba TV (Békéscsaba)
Csepp TV (Budapest - District XXI. (Csepel))
Csele TV (Mohács)
Csongrád Televízió (Csongrád)
Dabas Televízió (Dabas)
Debrecen TV (Debrecen)
Dél-pesti kerületi televíziók (Budapest)
Diák TV (Kazincbarcika)
KisDuNaTv (Dunaharaszti)
DSTV (Dunaújváros)
D+ TV (Dunaújváros)
Duna Vidék Televízió (Szigetszentmiklós)
Eger Városi Televízió (Eger)
Eleven Televízió (Bükkábrány)
Enying Városi Televízió (Enying)
ESTV (Pesterzsébet) (Soroksár)
Érdi Televízió (Érd)
FMTV (Szigetvár)
Fonyód TV (Fonyód)
Fót TV (Fót)
Főnix - A Fő Városi Televízió (Budapest)
Főnix TV (Tiszafüred)
Füred TV (Balatonfüred)
Füzes TV (Füzesgyarmat)
Füzesabonyi Városi Televízió (Füzesabony)
Galga TV (Aszód)
Gerje TV (Albertirsa)
Gotthárd TV (Szentgotthárd)
Gödöllő Plusz TV (Gödöllő)
Gyömrői Városi Televízió (Gyömrő)
Gyöngyösi Városi Televízió (Gyöngyös)
Gyula Televízió (Gyula)
Hajdúnánási Helyi Televízió (Hajdúnánás)
Hajdúszoboszlói Városi Televízió (Hajdúszoboszló)
Halas TV (Kiskunhalas)
Halom TV (Százhalombatta)
Hatvan TV (Hatvan)
HBTV (Hajdúböszörmény)
Híd Televízió (Komárom)
Híd TV Barcs (Barcs)
Hódmezővásárhelyi Televízió (Hódmezővásárhely)
Inside TV (Göd)
Ipoly TV (Balassagyarmat)
Jánossomorja TV (Jánossomorja)
Jász Trió TV (Jászberény)
Kaba Városi TV (Kaba)
Kalocsa TV (Kalocsa)
Kanizsa TV (Nagykanizsa)
Kapos Televízió (Kaposvár)
Karcag Televízió (Karcag)
Kecel Városi TV (Kecel)
Kecskeméti Televízió (Kecskemét)
Kerecsen TV (Debrecen)
Kerületi TV (Budapest - District IX.(Ferencváros))
Keszthely TV (Keszthely)
KisKőrös TV (Kiskőrös)
Kölcsey TV (Nyíregyháza)
Kör TV (Ráckeve)
Körmendi Városi Televízió (Körmend)
Körös TV (Szarvas)
Körzeti Televízió (Esztergom)
Ladány TV (Püspökladány)
M1 TV (Mátészalka)
Makó Városi Televízió (Makó)
Marcali Városi TV (Marcali)
Másik TV (Dombóvár)
Miskolc TV (Miskolc)
Mosonmagyaróvári Városi Televízió (Mosonmagyaróvár)
Mozaik TV (Ercsi)
Móri Városi TV (Mór)
Nagyatádi Városi Televízió (Nagyatád)
Nagykállói Televízió (Nagykálló)
Nyerges TV (Nyergesújflu)
Nyéki TV (Nyékládháza)
Nyíregyházi Televízió (Nyíregyháza)
Objektív Telvízió (Gyergyószentmiklós)
Orosházi Városi Televízió (Orosháza)
Oroszlányi Televízió (Oroszlány)
Ózdi Városi Televízió (Ózd)
Ö |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu%20Yi | Baidu Yi (, 易 Yì meaning "exchange" or "easy"), also known as "Baidu Yun", was an operating system for mobile devices until Baidu suspended it. It is based on Google's Android but is a fork by Baidu, the dominant search engine operator in China. It was announced on 2 September 2011 at the 2011 Baidu Technology Innovation Conference in Beijing.
Background
On “2011 Baidu Technology Innovation Conference”, Baidu launched its first mobile terminal software platform, Baidu Yi. It has integrated Baidu's intelligent search, cloud service, and various Baidu apps. Through collaboration with terminal manufactures, operators, mobile Internet service providers, and other upstream and downstream industry chains, it provides the users with convenient, abundant, and personalized mobile Internet experience. Baidu-Yi was developed especially for domestic Chinese smartphones, built on top of Android but replacing much of the original Google software with the network's own alternatives. There is Ting Music, Baidu Maps instead of Google Maps, The Baidu Yue e-reader, and Google Search has been stripped out and replaced with Baidu Search. In March 2015, Baidu officially stated that Baidu Yun is suspended.
Features
It had Baidu applications, replacing Google's for many core functions, such as the search engine, instant messenger, ebook reader, and app store. Baidu is expected to provide 180 gigabytes of cloud storage for users.
Functions
SmartBox Search
Quick Search: Enable searching several seconds after booting to direct users to the targeted content within short time.
Voice Search: Enable searching while speaking.
Move Search: Enable searching while reading the content.
Smart Semantic Analysis: Accurately identify users' needs.
Local+Cloud Data: Precisely show search results.
Cloud Services
Initially 180 GB Storage: Can be upgraded to unlimited storage space.
Support Local Data Sync and Backup: Support Local documents, pictures, music, and videos synchronization and contacts and program schedule backing up.
Local Functions
Smart Dialing (): Dials allow indexing by name or phone number.
Caller Address Display (): Works on all incoming and outgoing calls.
Data Monitoring (): Exact to each program's data analysis and data limit warning.
Anti Telephone Harassment (): Prevent users from telephone harassments.
Blessing SMS (): All kinds of blessing SMS for different festivals and vacation allowing users to choose from.
Anti Charging Malpractice (): Help identify and remind of charging malpractice.
Unified Account (): Only log in once.
Yi Store (): A variety of apps meeting users needs of entertainment, studying, working, and daily life.
Baidu Apps
Ting Music ()
Maps ()
Yue e-reader (, 阅 Yue meaning "read")
What's Near ()
Devices
On 6 September 2011, it was reported that Dell was developing new phones that are planned to operate Yi for sale in the Chinese market; Baidu also said that it was working with other unnamed companies, incl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20The%20Hague | The Hague Tram () is a tram network forming part of the public transport system in and around the city of The Hague in South Holland, the Netherlands.
Opened in 1864, as of 2018 the network has twelve tram lines, three of which were built to light rail standards and currently operate under the RandstadRail brand. It consists of 117 kilometres of rails and 241 stops, and has been operated by since 2002, being the successor of (01-01-1927 - 11-06-2002) and (01-05-1887 - 01-01-1927).
Overview
The first lines in The Hague were horse-drawn. In the first half of the 1880s, steam trams appeared and rapidly replaced the horse-drawn lines, especially in longer services. One of these was the line between The Hague and Delft in July 1887, which is still in service today and extended to Scheveningen Noord. In August 1904, the first electrified line went into service; this is now part of line 9 between Plein and Scheveningen Kurhaus. Most of this line is still part of the line between Vrederust and Scheveningen Noord.
A long city centre tunnel for trams was opened in March 2004. It is used by Lines 2, 3, 4 and 6 and incorporates two underground stations: Spui and Grote Markt. The tunnel is the western section of a grade-separated section of the tram network, part of a proposed semi-metro network in the 1950s. Currently, it includes the tunnel and an elevated viaduct to the east, which includes a branch line for RandstadRail trams that connects to the former Hofpleinlijn near Den Haag Laan van NOI railway station. Trams on RandstadRail lines 3 and 4 use this connecting line. East of Laan van NOI they share tracks and stations with Rotterdam Metro line E trains as far as Leidschendam-Voorburg before diverting onto the former Zoetermeer Stadslijn towards Zoetermeer.
As of 2017, the fleet consists of approximately 250 trams of three types:
GTL8: eight-axle, three-section articulated trams. They have the HTM's red-and-beige livery and are uni-directional with a cab at only one end. These trams were built by La Brugeoise et Nivelles in Bruges, Belgium (actual Bombardier Transportation) in two generations:
GTL8-I, 100 first-generation trams delivered from 1981-1984
GTL8-II, 47 second-generation trams delivered from 1992-1993
Avenio: four-section, 100% low-floor trams. They have the red-and-grey R-net livery and are bi-directional with cabs on both ends. 70 trams (40 trams ordered in 2011, another 20 in 2014 and another 10 in 2017) were built by Siemens Mobility in Germany from 2014 to 2015, and have been gradually replacing the older GTL8 trams since 2015.
RegioCitadis: three-section, 70% low-floor light rail/tram-train vehicles with dual-voltage capabilities. They have the blue-and-white RandstadRail livery and are also bi-directional. 72 trams were built by Alstom in Salzgitter, Germany, of which 54 entered service in 2006-2007 and a further 18 in 2011. They are used as tram-trains on the line to Zoetermeer and on line 19 between Leidschendam and Delft.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Rotterdam | The Rotterdam tramway network () is a key element of the overall public transport arrangements in Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Opened in 1879, the network currently has nine regular tramlines, and three special or seasonal tramlines. It has been operated since 1927 by Rotterdamse Elektrische Tram (RET). The tram network is the city's more extensive public transport system, while the rapid transit Rotterdam Metro is the more utilized system.
History
The RET has had two predecessor tramway companies, the RTM and the RETM, respectively. The RTM (Rotterdamsche Tramweg Maatschappij) was founded in 1878 to operate the first horse-drawn tramway in Rotterdam, which opened in 1879. From then until 1904, the RTM ran both horse trams and steam trams in and around the city, which was then much smaller than today.
Apart from the RTM, there were two other, smaller, companies operating tramway networks in and around Rotterdam in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 1882, the Schielandsche Tramweg-Maatschappij opened a horse tramway of gauge from the Hofplein via Schiekade and Bergweg to Hillegersberg. Two decades later, in 1902, the Schiedamsche Tramweg-Maatschappij opened a horse-drawn tramway in Schiedam from the station via Koemarkt to the Hoofdplein. This tramway had a gauge of .
A new form of urban transport, the electric tram, arrived in Rotterdam in 1904, with the creation of the new RETM (Rotterdamsche Electrische Tramweg Maatschappij). On 18 September 1905, the RETM began operating the first electric tram line in Rotterdam, line 1 (Honingerdijk – Beurs – Park). The current to power the line was supplied from a temporary generator. On 15 October 1906, the municipality started to supply electricity from the new power station, and the 21-year operating concession began. By the end of that year, there were already five electric tram lines operating. In 1907 and 1908, more lines entered service, to bring the total to nine lines. The maximum extent of Rotterdam's tramway network was 25 lines, and this was reached in 1930.
The livery of the RETM trams was originally dark blue, and was later changed to cream. From the 1930s, it was yellow ochre.
After 27 March 1907, the horse tramline to Overschie was the only remaining non-electric line of the RETM. Although the horse trams to Hillegersberg and Schiedam were still operating, they were not part of RETM network. On 31 December 1917, the Schiedam horsecar line was closed and not replaced. In 1919, the line to Hillegersberg was taken over by the RETM. In 1922 and 1923, the RETM converted this line to a electric tramway, and in 1924 and 1925, the horsecars on the line to Overschie were gradually replaced by trams with petrol engines. Finally, in 1928, the Overschie line was closed and replaced by a bus line.
During this period, the RTM continued to operate trams to and from the islands of South Holland and Zeeland.
Several years of negotiations in the 1920s culminated in the transfer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ullastrell | Ullastrell is a village in the province of Barcelona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain. The population in 2014 was 2,056.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Vallès Occidental |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitare%20Zameen%20Par | Sitare Zameen Par is an Indian Talk show of conflict between parents and children that was broadcast on the Indian TV channel DD Urdu of Doordarshan network, for several years in the 2010–2011.
References
Doordarshan original programming
Works about parenting
Indian television talk shows
2010 Indian television series debuts
2011 Indian television series endings
Urdu-language television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opa%20%28programming%20language%29 | Opa is an open-source programming language for developing scalable web applications.
It can be used for both client-side and server-side scripting, where complete programs are written in Opa and subsequently compiled to Node.js on the server and JavaScript on the client, with the compiler automating all communication between the two. Opa implements strong, static typing, which can be helpful in protecting against security issues such as SQL injections and cross-site scripting attacks.
The language was first officially presented at the OWASP conference in 2010, and the source code was released on
GitHub
in June 2011, under a GNU Affero General Public License. Later, the license changed to the MIT license for the framework part (library) and AGPL for the compiler so that applications written in Opa can be released under any license, proprietary or open source.
Design and features
Opa consists of a web server, a database and distributed execution engine. Code written in Opa is compiled to JavaScript using Node.js on the server side and to JavaScript using jQuery for cross-browser compatibility on the client side.
The advantage of the approach compared to certain Rich Internet Application (RIA) platforms is that users are not required to install a plugin in their browser. Opa shares motivations with web frameworks, but takes a different approach.
Its designers assert that this helps Opa to avoid many security issues, like SQL injections or cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.
The core language is functional and has a static type system with type inference. Opa also provides sessions which encapsulate an imperative state and communicate using message passing, similar to Erlang processes. Opa provides many structures or functions that are common in web development, as first-class objects,
for instance HTML and parsers, based on Parsing Expression Grammars.
Because of this adhesion between the language and web-related concepts, Opa is not intended for non-web applications (for instance desktop applications).
The 0.9.0 release in February 2012 introduced database mapping technology for the non-relational, document-oriented database MongoDB, similar to object-relational mapping.
The 1.1.0 release in February 2013 also added support for PostgreSQL, paving the way for the support of several SQL databases.
Examples
Hello world
The traditional Hello world program, producing a web server that serves a static page with "Hello, web!" as its content, can be written in Opa as:
Server.start(Server.http,
{ title: "Hello"
, page: function() { <h1>Hello, web!</h1> }
}
)
It can be compiled to a stand-alone executable JS file with:
$ opa hello_web.opa
Running the resulting executable JS file launches the web application:
$ ./hello_web.js
See also
Ur - a functional programming language for web development
Dart - a Javascript alternative for web apps
Haxe - similar programming language for web apps
CoffeeScript - a programming language transcompile |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Tashkent | The Tashkent tramway network () formed part of the public transport system in Tashkent, the capital city of Uzbekistan.
History
The network opened with horsecars in 1901. Since 1912 the system has been converted to electric tramway. As of its closing in 2016, the network consisted of six lines of of route, a decline from the tram system's maximum of 24 lines.
Tashkent Mayor Rakhmonbek Usmonov announced on March 29, 2016, that the network would close by year's end in order to make way for more cars and thus aid in reducing congestions within the capital. City-owned operating company Tashgorpastrans also plans to sell the 30 KTM-19 and 20 Vario LF trams, which it acquired in 2007 and 2011, respectively. The system was closed on May 2, 2016.
The plans are to restore the tram system by 2024. This will be done by the French company Alstom.
See also
Tashkent Metro
List of town tramway systems in Asia
Trolleybuses in Tashkent
References
External links
Tashkent Trams
Transport in Tashkent
Metre gauge railways in Uzbekistan
Tashkent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung%20Galaxy%20Tab%207.7 | The Samsung Galaxy Tab 7.7 it was a tablet computer of a series of Android-based tablet computer produced by Samsung, introduced on 1 September 2011 at IFA in Berlin. Related models are the Galaxy Tab 7.0 Plus, Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 7.0, and Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 7.0.
It belongs to the second generation of the Samsung Galaxy Tab series, which consists of two 10.1" models, an 8.9", a 7.0" and a 7.7" model. The 7.7 is the thinnest tablet Samsung has made in the 7" range.
History
The Galaxy Tab 7.7 has been shown to the public in September 2011 at the IFA in Berlin. It is, together with its cheaper sibling Galaxy Tab 7.0 Plus, the direct successor of the original Galaxy Tab.
On 4 January 2012, Samsung announced in Singapore the launch for February 2012 at a price of S$898 (US$695).
The Galaxy Tab 7.7 Wi-Fi was on sale in Australia on 13 January 2012, with prices approximately A$550. The release was not advertised and only a few stores have stock.
After Apple had secured another injunction against Samsung tablet computers in Germany, Samsung had to pull the Tab 7.7 from their booth including everything related like posters only one day after the first presentation.
Software
The Galaxy Tab 7.7 runs Android 3.2 with Samsung's custom overlay TouchWiz UX. TouchWiz UX provides several widgets and:
L!ve Panels: A set of custom widgets and panels which will provide additional contents to Honeycomb, like weather, calendar, and more. The widgets and panels are resizable, following a grid pattern.
Mini Apps Tray: An additional dock-like bar which will give access to the most commonly used applications.
Social Hub: An integrated messaging application which aims to center the user's social life, unifying the inboxes and timelines of multiple services like Gmail, Facebook, Twitter, and many others, splitting them into "Feeds" (updates) and "Messages".
Reader's Hub: A store that will allow the user to download e-books to the Galaxy Tab. Samsung claims that it will feature around 2 million books, 2,000 newspapers in 49 languages, and 2,300 magazines in 22 languages.
Media Hub: A video on demand service, which will be available only in the US.
Music Hub: A music on demand service, which will be available only in the US.
In July 2012 appeared an update to Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich) in Austria. More countries followed in the next months.
In May 2013 Samsung released an update to Android 4.1.2 (Jelly Bean) in several Asian countries.
Hardware
The Galaxy Tab 7.7 is the first tablet computer featuring a Super AMOLED Plus display and sports a high pixel density. The Samsung Exynos 4210 dual-core processor works at 1.4 GHz, it consists of two ARM Cortex-A9 cores. The Tab 7.7 is equipped with 1 GB LPDDR2 RAM and 16, 32 or 64 GB of built-in storage which can be expanded by MicroSD card up to 32 GB
The Tab 7.7 is not technically related to the other Galaxy Tabs except the 7.0 Plus with which it shares almost everything apart from the screen and a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond%20Mine%20%28video%20game%29 | Diamond Mine is a maze video game first published by MRM Software for the Acorn Electron and BBC Micro home computers in 1984. Diamond Mine was reissued by Blue Ribbon in 1985 and ported to other systems in 1985 and 1986. Blue Ribbon released a sequel, Diamond Mine II, at the same time. Both games are similar to the 1983 game Oil's Well, which itself is a re-themed version of the 1982 Anteater arcade game.
Gameplay
The aim of the game is to guide a pipe through a maze-like mine to collect diamonds while avoiding hitting the walls or the patrolling monsters. The player has a set length of pipe for each level. Once the pipe has started moving, it cannot stop and if it is retracted, that section of pipe is lost. If the pipe is hit by a monster or hits a wall, twice the amount of pipe is lost. Diamonds are placed sporadically in the maze and there is no way to kill the monsters.
Legacy
In 1985, Blue Ribbon published a sequel from the same programmer, Diamond Mine II. The screen layout is even closer to Anteater than the original. The pipe can pause, can be retracted at any time without penalty and the walls cannot be hit. The monsters can be killed by touching them with the end of the pipe and they do not move while the pipe is being retracted. The maze is also populated by regular diamonds which more resemble the dots in a Pac-Man maze.
External links
Diamond Mine at Atari Mania
Diamond Mine at Plus/4 World
Diamond Mine II at Plus/4 World
Diamond Mine II at Generation MSX
Dijamantski rudnik at galaksija.net
1984 video games
Amstrad CPC games
Atari 8-bit family games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Commodore 16 and Plus/4 games
MSX games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video game clones |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Speed%20World%20Challenge | The 2003 Speed World Challenge season was the 14th season of the Sports Car Club of America's World Challenge series. The series' title sponsor was television network Speed Channel, who televised all the races. Championships were awarded for grand touring and touring cars. It began on March 14 and ran for ten rounds. Randy Pobst and Audi won the championships in GT, and Bill Auberlen and BMW won in Touring Car. The series would head to Puerto Rico for 2003, their first race outside of North America (i.e. the United States and Canada) since 1991 when they went to Mexico.
Schedule
References
GT World Challenge America
Speed World Challenge |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lonestar%20Cell | Lonestar Cell is a telecommunications company based in Monrovia, Liberia. The company owns and operates the largest wireless telecommunications network in Liberia, with 48% of the market share in 2011. Founded in 2000 by Beirut-based Investcom, the company became a subsidiary of the South African conglomerate MTN Group following MTN's acquisition of Investcom in 2006. Liberian businessman Benoni Urey is the Chair of Lonestar Communication Corporation and owns a significant portion of the company through his PLC Investments Group.
References
Telecommunications companies of Liberia
Telecommunications companies established in 2000
Companies based in Monrovia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrant%3AMK | The Quadrant:MK is Network Rail's national operations centre in Milton Keynes. After being topped out in April 2011, it opened in June 2012. The complex consists of four linked buildings with of space, and is designed to accommodate 3,000 staff.
The complex was designed by GMW Architects and built by Royal BAM Group. The centre is on the site of the former England National Hockey Stadium, adjacent to Milton Keynes Central railway station.
References
Buildings and structures in Milton Keynes
Network Rail
Office buildings completed in 2012
2012 establishments in England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based%20interlocking | Computer-based interlocking is railway signal interlocking implemented with computers, rather than using older technologies such as relays or mechanics.
General
CBIs are mostly implemented in two parts; a section that implements the safety and failsafe requirements, and a second section that implements "non-vital" controls and indications.
The European union is working towards an EU standard within this area, called ERTMS
Brands
Different manufacturers have their own brands of CBI such as
SSI (Solid State Interlocking) - BR, Invensys, GEC-General Signal
Mircrolok II
Smartlock
Westlock
Germany - Alister CBI from Funkwerk IT
Interface between different brands
When interfacing different brands of CBI equipment, it may be necessary to use relays of each regime, which are then hardwired from one to the other. This happens in the middle of the Channel Tunnel where French and British signalling equipment meet.
Competition Rules
Since only some of the major signalling organisations make CBI equipment, it was agreed that to prevent other players being left out in the cold, CBI equipment would be made available to those players at cost.
References
Interlocking systems
Rail infrastructure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990%20Turkish%20census | The 1990 Turkish census was held in 1990 and recorded the population and demographic details of every settlement in Turkey. Use of the data from the 1990 census centres on the question (in that census) related directly to the participation of persons in emigration: How many household members are absent now; are they in the country or abroad?
References
Icduygu, A., Sirkeci, I. and Muradoglu, G. (2001), Socio-economic Development and International Migration: A Turkish Study. International Migration, 39: 39–61.
Censuses in Turkey
Turkey
1990 in Turkey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TELEMAC | In computational fluid dynamics, TELEMAC is short for the open TELEMAC-MASCARET system, or a suite of finite element computer program owned by the Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement (LNHE), part of the R&D group of Électricité de France. After many years of commercial distribution, a Consortium (the TELEMAC-MASCARET Consortium) was officially created in January 2010 to organize the open source distribution of the open TELEMAC-MASCARET system now available under GPLv3.
Available modules
TELEMAC-2D
It 2D hydrodynamics module, TELEMAC-2D, solves the so-called shallow water equations, also known as the Saint Venant equations. TELEMAC-2D solves the Saint-Venant equations using the finite-element or finite-volume method and a computation mesh of triangular elements. It can perform simulations in transient and permanent conditions. TELEMAC-2D can take into account the following phenomena:
Propagation of long waves, taking into account non-linear effects
Bed friction
Influence of Coriolis force
Influence of meteorological factors: atmospheric pressure and wind
Turbulence
Torrent and river flows
Influence of horizontal temperature or salinity gradients on density
Cartesian or spherical coordinates for large domains
Dry areas in the computational domain: intertidal flats and flood plains
Current entrainment and diffusion of a tracer, with source and sink terms
Monitoring of floats and Lagrangian drifts
Treatment of singular points: sills, dikes, pipes.
TELEMAC-2D is used in many fields of application. In the maritime field, particular mention may be made of harbour structure design, studies of the effect of building submersible breakwaters or dredging works, the impact of discharges from a sea outfall, study of thermal plumes; and, with regard to rivers, the impact of various types of construction (bridges, sills, groynes), dam breaks, flood studies, transport of dissipating or non-dissipating tracers. TELEMAC-2D can also be used for a number of special applications, such as industrial reservoir failures, avalanches falling into reservoirs, etc.
TELEMAC-3D
It 3D hydrodynamics module, TELEMAC-3D, uses the same horizontally unstructured mesh as TELEMAC-2D but solves the Navier-Stokes equations, whether in hydrostatic or non-hydrostatic mode so allowing shorter waves than those in a shallow water context (where wavelengths are required to be at least twenty times the water depth). The wave formulation for the updating of the free surface is used for efficiency. The 3D mesh is developed as a series of meshed surfaces between the bed and the free surface. Flexibility in the placement of these planes permits the use of a sigma grid (each plane at a given proportion of the spacing between bed and surface) or a number of other strategies for intermediate surface location. One useful example is to include some planes which are at a fixed distance below the water surface, or above the bed. In the presence of a near-surface thermocline |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo%20R.%20Caianiello | Eduardo Renato Caianiello (June 25, 1921 – October 22, 1993) was an Italian physicist. He contributed to scientific research, especially in quantum theory and cybernetics. He was also a pioneer in the theory of neural networks. His Caianiello's equation formalized the theory of Hebbian learning.
Caianello founded and directed the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the University of Naples; the Laboratory of Cybernetics of the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche at Arco Felice (Naples), the Faculty of Mathematical, Physical and Natural Sciences of the University of Salerno, the International Institute for Senior Scientific Studies (IIASS) at Vietri sul Mare (Salerno) and the School of Specialization in Cyber and Physical Sciences.
The name of the Hafnian was coined by Cainaniello "to mark the fruitful period of stay in Copenhagen (Hafnia in Latin)."
References
20th-century Italian physicists
Scientists from Naples
1921 births
1993 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Salerno
National Research Council (Italy) people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Computer%20Samity | Bangladesh Computer Samity, popularly known as BCS, is the national association of information and communication technologies companies in Bangladesh. It was established in 1987 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
About BCS
According to Joint Stock Companies and Firms in Bangladesh, Bangladesh Computer Samity is the first ICT trade association of Bangladesh. In 1993 BCS registered with Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries as an 'A' category member. And 1998 they are registered as a member in WITSA. They are also an associate member of ASOCIO. Engr. Subrata Sarkar, Chairman of C & C Trade International, is currently serving as the president and MD. Rashed Ali Bhuiyan, Chairman of Star Tech & Engineering Ltd is currently serving as the vice President and Kamruzzaman Bhuiyan, Proprietor of South Bangla Computers is currently serving as Secretary General as Bangladesh Computer Samity It is also the platform of all distributors, dealers, resellers of computer and allied products, locally assembled computer vendors, software developers and internet service providers, exporters.
BCS branches
BCS has eight branches and executive committees among the Bangladesh for smooth operation. Branches are Sylhet, Khulna, Rajshahi, Mymensingh, Chittagong, Barisal, Jessore and Comilla.
Affiliations
Asian-Oceanian Computing Industry Organization
World Information Technology and Services Alliance
Federation of Bangladesh Chambers of Commerce & Industries
Ministry of Commerce (Bangladesh)
Business Promotion Council (BPC)
Bangladesh Association of Software and Information Services
Bangladesh Computer Council
References
External links
Business organisations based in Bangladesh
Science and technology in Bangladesh
Technology trade associations
Organizations established in 1987 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20Radio%20%28disambiguation%29 | Rock Radio is a former British radio network.
Rock Radio or Rock FM may also refer to:
Rock FM (Spanish radio station)
Rock FM (British radio station), based in Preston, Lancashire
Rock FM 91.9, a radio station based in Johannesburg, South Africa
The Rock Radio Network, based in Puerto Rico
Pirate Radio in North America, original title The Boat That Rocked, 2009 British comedy-drama film
See also
Radio Rock
Modern rock |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer%20Allegro | The Acer Allegro is the first mobile smartphone manufactured by Acer running Windows Phone operating system.
Hardware
The Acer Allegro is a Windows Phone 7.5 smartphone with a 3.6-inch WVGA display, 1 GHz processor, 512 MB RAM, 8 GB internal storage, 5-megapixel camera, aGPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and microUSB
Pricing
India
In India, Acer Allegro is priced around 15,000 to 17,000.
Benelux
In Benelux, the Acer Allegro is priced around €300.
See also
Windows Phone
References
External links
Windows Phone devices
Allegro
Mobile phones introduced in 2011 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner%20Schnauzen | Berliner Schnauzen is a German docu-soap covering life in Berlin Zoo, aired on ZDF since 6 March 2006.
See also
List of German television series
External links
ZDF original programming
Television series about animals
Television shows set in Berlin
Berlin Zoological Garden
2006 German television series debuts
2006 German television series endings
German documentary television series
German-language television shows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell%20Waite | Mitchell Waite is an American computer programmer, author and publisher of programming books and the mobile app iBird. Birding app first published by Mitch Waite Group in 2008: iBird Pro for the Apple iPhone His first book "Projects in Sight, Sound and Sensation" was published in 1974. He studied nuclear physics at Sonoma State University during 1971–1975.
His career began in 1977 when he met Steve Jobs at the Home Brew Computer Club at Stanford University. Jobs introduced the Apple I to the group and Waite was one of the first to purchase the single board personal computer at the Byte Shop in San Rafael. By this point Waite had published several computer books and was working on a book about computer graphics. Jobs found out about an elaborate weather station Waite had running on his houseboat in Greenbrae, California, and attached to the Apple I, and invited himself up to see it. When Jobs arrived he spent the entire time bragging about the new Apple II he had developed with Steve Wozniak. It was 10X better than the Apple I he claimed and invited Waite to come to Cupertino to see it.
Waite met Jobs at the new offices of Apple Computer. Impressed with his books Jobs offered Waite a job as Apple's head of documentation, along with stock options. Waite accepted and asked if he could come in later in the morning since he lived in Marin county. Jobs told him that if he worked at Apple he had to be there 24 x 7. Waite balked, and told Jobs he could not live in Cupertino's asphalt jungle. Jobs was infuriated, called him a bozo and said he was blowing a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity. Waite told Jobs he felt he would be successful on his own one day as a writer or publisher but would still love to do something else to help Apple. Jobs told him to meet with Mike Markkula and Mike assigned Waite a job writing a magazine article comparing the Apple II to the Commodore 64 and learning the Commodore apart with a stiletto knife. After that Waite decided he was not destined to work in the computer industry but rather wanted to create new kinds of books and so he worked even harder at being a writer.
After writing 5 books on his own he began working with more of his friends in the hobby world. He enlisted his old College of Marin professors to help him write books about programming languages and soon has a reputation as one of the major shakers in the burgeoning computer book industry.
He established Mitch Waite Group at 1977, which has published more than 130 titles in the computer programming field. The company was later sold to Simon & Schuster. Waite also created the website WhatBird and later developed iBird, a bird field guide app for iOS and Android. iBird apps: http://www.ibird.com. In 2023, customers of the iBird app who had previously purchased a single payment, lifetime version were forced into a subscription based model. Users with the auto update option activated on their devices received an update that disabled their iBird Pro app which then |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-Alt-Delete | Control-Alt-Delete (often abbreviated to Ctrl+Alt+Del and sometimes called the "three-finger salute" or "Security Keys") is a computer keyboard command on IBM PC compatible computers, invoked by pressing the Delete key while holding the Control and Alt keys: . The function of the key combination differs depending on the context but it generally interrupts or facilitates interrupting a function. For instance, in pre-boot environment (before an operating system starts) or in MS-DOS, Windows 3.0 and earlier versions of Windows or OS/2, the key combination reboots the computer. Starting with Windows 95, the key combination invokes a task manager or security related component that facilitates ending a Windows session or killing a frozen application.
History
The soft reboot function via keyboard was originally designed by David Bradley. Bradley, as the chief engineer of the IBM PC project and developer of the machine's ROM-BIOS, had originally used
, but found it was too easy to bump the left side of the keyboard and reboot the computer accidentally. According to his own account, Mel Hallerman, who was the chief programmer of the project, therefore suggested switching the key combination to as a safety measure, a combination impossible to press with just one hand on the original IBM PC keyboard.
The feature was originally conceived only as a development feature for internal use and not intended to be used by end users, as it triggered the reboot without warning or further confirmation—it was meant to be used by people writing programs or documentation so that they could reboot their computers without powering them down. Bill Gates (former Microsoft CEO) remembered it as "just something we were using in development and it wouldn't be available elsewhere". The feature, however, was detailed in IBM's technical reference documentation to the original PC and thereby revealed to the general public.
Bradley viewed this work as just one small task out of many: "It was five minutes, 10 minutes of activity, and then I moved on to the next of the 100 things that needed to get done." In a March 2018 email, one of Bradley's co-workers confirmed the command was invented in 1981 in Boca Raton, Florida.
Bradley is also known for his good-natured jab at Gates at the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the IBM PC on August 8, 2001 at The Tech Museum:
"I have to share the credit. I may have invented it, but I think Bill made it famous."; he quickly added it was a reference to Windows NT logon procedures ("Press Ctrl + Alt + Delete to log on").
During a question and answer presentation on 21 September 2013, Gates said "it was a mistake", referring to the decision to use Ctrl+Alt+Del as the keyboard combination to log into Windows. Gates stated he would have preferred a single button to trigger the same actions, but could not get IBM to add the extra button into the keyboard layout.
BIOS
By default, when the operating system is running in real mode (or in a p |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiichi%20Goto | was a Japanese computer scientist, the builder of one of the first general-purpose computers in Japan.
Biography
Goto was born on January 26, 1931, in Shibuya, Tokyo. After attending Seikei High School he went to Tokyo University, where he graduated in 1953. He continued his graduate studies at Tokyo in physics under the supervision of Hidetoshi Takahashi, earning his doctorate in 1962. He became a faculty member at Tokyo in 1959. In 1968, he became the chief scientist of the Information Science Laboratory at RIKEN, a position he held until 1991. However, he continued to hold a position at Tokyo University as well, becoming a full professor there in 1970. He retired from the University of Tokyo in 1990, and in 1991 he moved to Kanagawa University.
Goto was a visiting professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1961. He was vice president of the International Federation for Information Processing from 1971 to 1974, and also served several times on the steering committee of the Information Processing Society of Japan.
Goto died on June 12, 2005, of complications of diabetes.
Research
In 1954 while he was still a graduate student, Goto invented the parametron, a circuit element that combined a ferrite core with a capacitor to generate electrical oscillations whose timing could be controlled. This provided an alternative to the vacuum tube technology then in use for building computing devices. He completed the construction of the PC-1, one of the first general-purpose computers built in Japan, in 1958, using parametron-based logic.
Soon afterwards, he proposed the Goto pair, a device related to the parametron. Parametrons continued to be used for computing in Japan until the 1960s when they gave way to transistors. The quantum flux parametron is a later improvement of the parametron, also by Goto, that uses superconducting Josephson junctions to improve both the speed and the energy consumption of these devices.
During his visit to MIT in 1961, Goto devised the first time-optimal solution to the firing squad synchronization problem, a problem of designing a cellular automaton in which all cells simultaneously fire, starting from an initial configuration with only one active cell.
In electron beam lithography, Goto's work included the development of double deflection tubes and variable shaping techniques. In the early 1970s, Goto's work on electron beam lithography led him to become interested in the ability of symbolic algebra systems to manipulate mathematical formulae. In order to implement these systems, Goto developed a new Lisp system called HLISP, in which he had introduced the innovative technique of hash consing to eliminate redundant memory usage by using a hash table to map duplicated values to the same position in memory. Goto's work in symbolic computing also included the development of FLATS, a specialized computer hardware system aimed at this problem.
Other topics in Goto's research included the search for magnetic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20Tropical%20Airplay%20number%20ones%20of%201994%20and%201995 | In October 1994, Billboard magazine established Tropical Airplay, a chart that ranks the top-performing songs played on tropical radio stations in the United States based on weekly airplay data compiled by Nielsen's Broadcast Data Systems (BDS). It is a subchart of Hot Latin Songs, which lists the best-performing Spanish-language songs in the country. According to an 1985 article by Billboard, tropical music is the "sound of the Spanish-speaking Caribbean – though it extends beyond it". It usually encompasses dance genres such as salsa, merengue, bachata, vallenato, and the Colombian cumbia and tropical music in Mexico. Five songs topped the chart in 1994 and 12 tracks did the same in 1995. Until November 5, 1994, BDS ran test charts which only listed the number one song of the week on Billboards electronic database.
The first song to reach number one on the Tropical Airplay chart was "Quién Eres Tú" by Luis Enrique which remained in the top spot for three weeks. It was replaced by La India's cover of "Nunca Voy a Olvidarte", making her the first female artist to reach the top of the chart. Both artists were the only acts to have more than one chart-topper in 1994. La India had the final number one song of the year with her rendition of "Ese Hombre" which was also the first at the start of 1995. La India and Gloria Estefan were the only female acts to reach number one in 1995.
Marc Anthony was the artist with the most songs at number one in 1995 with "Te Conozco Bien", "Se Me Sigue Olvidando", and "Nadie Como Ella". "Te Conozco Bien" held this position for the longest with eight weeks and was named the best-performing tropical song of the year by Billboard. Marc Anthony also had the final chart-topper of the year with "Nadie Como Ella". Cuban pianist Paquito Hechavarría collaborated with fellow Cuban artist Rey Ruiz on the track "Piano" for the 1995 album of the same name (although Ruiz was not credited for this release on Billboards chart database) and spent six weeks on top of the chart. Ruiz himself achieved his first number one with "Estamos Solos". Edgar Joel and Johnny Rivera obtained their only chart-toppers in 1994 and 1995, respectively.
Chart history
See also
1994 in Latin music
1995 in Latin music
References
United States Tropical Airplay
United States Tropical Airplay
1994 and 1995
1994 in Latin music
1995 in Latin music
1994 in American music
1995 in American music |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Beatson | Robert Beatson, LL.D. FRSE FSA (1741–1818) was a Scottish compiler and miscellaneous writer.
Life
He was born on 25 June 1741 at Dysart in Fife, Scotland, the son of David Beatson of Vicarsgrange.
He was educated for the military profession, and on one of his title-pages describes himself as 'late of his majesty's corps of Royal Engineers'. The Dictionary of National Biography states it was probably as a subaltern in this corps that he accompanied the unsuccessful expedition against Rochefort in 1757 (but he was only 15 years old and he is not listed by the Corps History as being an engineer on the expedition), and was present with the force which, reaching the West Indies early in 1759, failed in the attack on Martinique, but succeeded in capturing Guadeloupe. He is represented in 1766 as retiring on half-pay, and as failing, in spite of repeated applications, to secure active employment during the American War of Independence. However, in 1784 Beatson was a first lieutenant in the Corps of Engineers and was stationed in Scotland.
Afterwards he seems to have farmed in Scotland. He became an honorary member of the Board of Agriculture, of the Royal Highland Society of Scotland, and of the Royal Society of Arts. He died at Edinburgh on 24 January 1818. One obituary notice describes him as "late barrack-master at Aberdeen". It is uncertain whether Edinburgh or Aberdeen university conferred on him his degree of LL.D.
Works
In 1786 Beatson published in three parts his 'Political Index to the Histories of Great Britain and Ireland, or a complete register of the hereditary honours, public offices, and persons in office from the earliest periods to the present time'. It was dedicated to the author's friend Adam Smith. In 1788 it reached a second edition, in two volumes, containing nearly twice as much matter as the first, and a third edition in 1806.
In 1790 appeared, in three volumes, Beatson's Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, from the year 1727 to the present time, in which the naval element predominates. It has lists of the ships in the squadrons and fleets of France and Spain as well as of Great Britain during the period dealt with, and also despatches, state papers, and geographical descriptions of the places referred to in the text.
In 1807 appeared three volumes of A Chronological Register of both Houses of Parliament from the Union in 1708 to the Third Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Besides lists of peers qualified to sit in each parliament, bounties and boroughs alphabetically arranged are given in chronological order, with the names of their members in every House of Commons during the period, and notes on the changes, with their causes, in the representation of each constituency. Election petitions and the decisions on them are given with a statement of the elective authority, and of the nature of the electoral franchise in each constituency.
Beatson was also the author of a pamphlet on the B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microattribution | The term microattribution (a form of data citation) is defined as "giving database accessions the same citation conventions and indices that journal articles currently enjoy". In the sense that the purpose of precise attribution is to extend the scholarly convention of giving citation credit, the provenance of a piece of scholarship (observation or data deposition) is recognized to give credit and priority to a preceding author. Microattribution is thus defined as "a scholarly contribution smaller than a journal article being ascribed to a particular author" or a small scholarly contribution being ascribed to a particular author. Since data accessions can describe contributions that can vastly exceed research articles in size and quality, quantum attribution or precise citation might be better terms.
Origin
The concept was introduced in a February 2007 blog post "Duke of URL" by Myles Axton. "In the interests of giving credit to the resources geneticists find most useful, here are the numbers of papers citing the most frequently cited links."
The term was first used in an April 2007 editorial published in Nature Genetics. "[The Human Variome Project] will need to introduce publishing innovations at both ends of the citation spectrum. It will need to track the citation of each variant's accession code in papers, database entries and across the web. This closing of the online publication loop might be termed microattribution."
Subsequent editorials and blog posts elaborated the idea that the provenance of data accession codes was inseparable from the data and could be used to give credit to the contributors. "Accession numbers to database entries are routinely used for data retrieval. They should now also be used to accrue quantitative credit for their authors in a systematic process of microattribution."
An example of the value of microattributions can be seen in the description of genetic variation. A paper published in Nature Genetics paper in March 2011 concluded that microattribution demonstrably increased the reporting of human variants, leading to a comprehensive online resource for systematically describing human genetic variation. A paper on microattribution and nanopublication as means to incentivize the placement of human genome variation data into the public domain was published in June 2012.
Nanopublications
Barend Mons and Jan Velterop proposed nanopublications for single, attributable and machine-readable assertions in scientific literature. From the technical viewpoint, a nanopublication is a Resource Description Framework (RDF) graph built around an assertion represented as a triple (subject-predicate-object) and usually extracted, manually or automatically, from a scientific publication. The nanopublication enriches the assertion with provenance and publication information. The RDF representation format enables interoperability and thus the re-use of data, whereas provenance and publication information eases authorship reco |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses%20in%20Coimbra | The Coimbra trolleybus system () forms part of the public transport network in the city of Coimbra, Portugal. Opened in 1947, it supplemented, and then eventually replaced, the Coimbra tramway network. Service has been temporarily suspended since March 2021 and is not expected to resume before late 2024.
History
Trolleybus service was inaugurated in Coimbra on 16 August 1947 with two Saurer 3TP trolleybuses. The original operator was Serviços Municipalizados de Coimbra (SMC), a municipal authority that had operated the city's tram system since 1920 and also managed the provision of water and gas.
Initially, the trolleybus system only partially replaced Coimbra's tramway network, but after several decades of concurrent operations the latter was closed, in January 1980.
Until 1959, the Coimbra trolleybus system was the only one in Portugal. Since the closure of the Porto system in 1997, that has again been the case.
With effect from 1 January 1985, SMC's responsibility for water and sanitation services was moved to a new, separate authority, and the now transport-only authority was renamed Serviços Municipalizados de Transportes Urbanos de Coimbra (SMTUC). Six trolleybus routes were in operation in 1988 (1, 3–6, and 8).
Since March 2021, all trolleybus service has been temporarily suspended, initially because of road works and later because of disruptions caused by construction of a Bus Rapid Transit line (named Metro Mondego).
Lines
The system currently has two lines, 4 and 103. Although currently suspended (operated by motorbuses), their overhead wiring is being kept intact except for short sections affected by the BRT construction, as both routes are expected to resume after the latter is completed.
Fleet
Past fleet
The initial two-member Saurer fleet was augmented in 1949, with the acquisition of six new buses from Sunbeam Commercial Vehicles. The vehicles supplied were based on Sunbeam's MF2B model, with two axles and a wheelbase of . They were fitted with single-deck bodywork by Park Royal Vehicles, with 40 seats and room for 35 standing passengers. In order to enable them to be operated by just the driver, they included an overhang of beyond the front axle, allowing the entrance door to be mounted just behind the windscreen, so that payment could be made to the driver when entering the vehicle. To cope with the steep gradients of the Coimbra system, they were fitted with 600-volt motors, and each trolleybus carried two compressors, normally designed to work together, but each capable of maintaining the air supply for braking and door operation if one should fail. Three more Sunbeam Park Royals joined the fleet in 1956.
Subsequent procurements included 10 BUT RETB/1s (four in 1958 and six in 1961), and six further Sunbeams in 1965.
Current fleet
Today, the Coimbra trolleybus fleet is as follows:
10 conventional (two-axle) Caetano/EFACEC vehicles, built between 1984 and 1986;
1 secondhand conventional Caetano/EFACEC trolley |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Networks%20Northern%20Europe | Discovery Networks Northern Europe was a branch of Discovery, Inc.
It was responsible for overseeing Discovery International channels in Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
History
It started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe (DNE). In mid-2007, DNE was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London. Again in 2011, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two key branches Discovery Networks Western Europe (DNWE) and Discovery Networks CEEMEA (Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa). DNEW is located in London and DNCEMEA in Warsaw.
In November 2014, Discovery Networks Western Europe was split into Discovery Networks Northern Europe and Discovery Networks Southern Europe. Its previous Discovery Networks Western Europe served 30 different countries including the United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, France, the Netherlands and other territories, comprising 18 brands.
It was previously called Discovery Networks Western Europe.
Regional
This network operated in six European languages: a pan-European English speaking channel and channels in Danish, Dutch, English for UK, Ireland and Iceland, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish.
Regional Branches:
Discovery Networks Benelux
Discovery Networks UK & Ireland
SBS Discovery Media (Nordic)
References
External links
Discovery Networks Businesses & Brands at Discovery Communications
Entertainment companies established in 1989
Television channels and stations established in 1989 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid%20Elenin | Leonid Vladimirovich Elenin (; born 10 August 1981) is a Russian amateur astronomer working with the ISON-NM observatory (H15) via the International Scientific Optical Network (ISON), which is the first Russian remote observatory in the West.
Leonid Elenin works for the Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics and lives in Lyubertsy, Moscow region, Russia.
Leonid Elenin is best known for discovering the comet C/2010 X1 on 10 December 2010. Elenin then discovered comet P/2011 NO1 on 7 July 2011. , Elenin had discovered five comets.
The first asteroid discovered by Leonid Elenin was 2008 XE on 1 December 2008 at Tzec (H10). The first Amor asteroid (near-Earth object) discovered by Elenin was on 10 September 2010 at ISON-NM (H15).
Elenin has also discovered the trailing L5 Jupiter trojan on 23 August 2011, the Mars-crossing asteroid on 25 August 2011, and the amor asteroid (Near-Earth object) on 27 August 2011. The first numbered asteroid discovered by Elenin at ISON-NM is 365756 ISON ().
On 29 January 2013, the Minor Planet Center awarded Leonid Elenin a 2012 Edgar Wilson Award for the discovery of comets by amateurs.
References
1981 births
21st-century Russian astronomers
Amateur astronomers
Discoverers of minor planets
Living people
Moscow Aviation Institute alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Is%C3%B2vol | Isòvol is a municipality in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
Religion
Churches
Church of Santa Maria, All
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Cerdanya (comarca)
Municipalities in the Province of Girona |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafre | Jafre is a village in Girona, within the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, Spain. The municipality covers an area of and the population in 2014 was 396.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Baix Empordà
Populated places in Baix Empordà |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah%20Rafferty | Sarah Gray Rafferty (born December 6, 1972) is an American actress, known for her role as Donna Paulsen on the USA Network legal drama Suits.
Early life and education
Rafferty grew up as the youngest of four daughters in the Riverside neighborhood of Greenwich, Connecticut. She credits her mother, Mary Lee Rafferty, the Chairwoman of the English Department at Convent of the Sacred Heart school, and her father, Michael Griffin Rafferty Jr., who enjoys careers in finance and oil painting, for cultivating her passion for the arts. Her sisters are Maura, Ann, and Constance.
Rafferty studied at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, and graduated in 1989. She majored in English and Theatre at Hamilton College, studied theatre abroad in the United Kingdom and at the University of Oxford during her junior year, and, after graduating magna cum laude from Hamilton in 1993, went on to study at the Yale School of Drama, receiving a Master of Fine Arts.
Personal life
Rafferty's husband is Aleksanteri Olli-Pekka Seppälä, an American of Finnish descent, who is an equity research analyst in the asset management unit of Lazard Frères & Company. They married on June 23, 2001, at the Roman Catholic church of St. Mary in Greenwich, Connecticut, and have two daughters, Oona Gray and Iris Friday.
She and her Suits co-star Gabriel Macht have been friends since 1993, when they met at the Williamstown Theatre Festival.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1972 births
Actresses from Connecticut
American film actresses
American television actresses
Living people
People from New Canaan, Connecticut
David Geffen School of Drama at Yale University alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Phillips Academy alumni
Hamilton College (New York) alumni
People from Riverside, Connecticut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GreenQloud | Greenqloud is a cloud computing software company with headquarters in Reykjavik, Iceland, and office in Seattle, Washington, offering cloud computing software and services. Greenqloud develops and sells the cloud and infrastructure management software Qstack for the global market.
History
Founded in 2010, the company initially sold public cloud computing services, such as web hosting and data storage, marketed as infrastructure as a service (IaaS), powered by data centers using 100% renewable energy in Iceland. Most hosting companies buy carbon offset credits as a green marketing measure, and host data at multiple data centers on different continents as the solution for international sites.
Early on, Greenqloud began building upon the software startup cloud.com, which later became Apache CloudStack. When Jonsi Stefansson joined as CEO in 2014 the company was pivoted to a pure software company with 100% focus on building and developing the cloud management platform Qstack. In 2015 the company released Qstack, to be deployed on private and hybrid environments.
In 2016, Qstack already supported leading hypervisors, including VMware, KVM and Hyper-V and bare metal provisioning. In early 2017, Qstack will add container-based Application Orchestration support with an integrated Kubernetes server, allowing its users the ability deploy microservices and workloads on scalable clusters.
In 2017, GreenQloud was acquired by NetApp.
News coverage
Iceland's GreenQloud To Kill Its Public Cloud, Support Others Instead
Greenqloud Bucks The Post-PRISM Trend, Shame About The Headware
Google, Facebook and Apple lead on green data centers
Greenqloud goes Hybrid
NetApp Bought Iceland's Greenqloud To Fill Data Fabric Need For Cloud Automation, Orchestration
References
External links
Qstack
Cloud infrastructure
Software companies established in 2010
2010 establishments in Iceland
Cloud computing providers
Software companies of Iceland
Companies based in Reykjavík
Icelandic brands |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GDOS | GDOS may refer to:
Glow discharge optical spectroscopy
Graphics Device Operating System, part of the Graphics Environment Manager
Green's Dictionary of Slang
GDOS, an operating system for the DISCiPLE disk interface of the ZX Spectrum
See also
GDO (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XUDA | XUDA (Xcert Universal Database API) is a library that is used and integrated in many public key infrastructure (PKI) products of different vendors like the KEON CA of RSA LABS.
XUDA is an Application programming interface (API) that enables programmers to develop PKI applications. XUDA is best seen as a toolkit or library of programs that isolates applications from the complexities of PKI. It encapsulates secure database access and strong authentication via public key certificates, and employs SSL–LDAP to query remote databases using certificates presented during an SSL transaction. XUDA was built to use the cryptography of other vendors. This allows vendors to provide customers with the cryptography of their choice, including all PKCS#11 compliant smart cards and hardware tokens.
XCert is a privately held company that developed and delivered digital certificate-based products for securing e-business transactions. In February 2001 the company was acquired by RSA Labs.
External links
References
Public-key cryptography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20Tropical%20Albums%20number%20ones%20from%20the%201990s | The Billboard Tropical Albums chart, published in Billboard magazine, is a record chart that features Latin music sales information. This data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan from a sample that includes music stores, music departments at electronics and department stores, Internet sales (both physical and digital) and verifiable sales from concert venues in the United States.
Below is a list of albums that number-one on the Tropical Albums chart during the 1990s. Until July 17, 1993, charts were posted bi-weekly.
Number one albums
Key
– Best-selling Tropical album of the year
References
General
For information about every week of this chart for the 1990s, follow this link; in the chart date section select a date and the top ten positions for the week selected will appear on screen, including the number-one album, which is shown in the table above.
Specific
Tropical 1990s
United States Tropical Albums
1990s in Latin music
Tropical music albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined%20Information%20Data%20Network%20Exchange | Combined Information Data Network Exchange, or CIDNE, is a computer system used by the US military. It is used to collect tactical information from troops.
In 2010 US Army Private Chelsea Manning (then known as Bradley) was accused by the US government of giving out information from CIDNEI and CIDNEA (CIDNE Iraq and CIDNE Afghanistan) to persons not entitled to receive it, in violation of various US laws (and by inclusion, portions of the Uniform Code of Military Justice). Numerous media have reported that these are the documents contained in WikiLeaks' publication of Afghan War documents and Iraq war documents.
See also
Real Time Regional Gateway
United States v. Manning
SIPRNet
References
Military computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20R.%20Day | Julian Reginald Day is a published author, IT computer project manager and charity fundraiser.
Career
Day studied business studies at Plymouth Polytechnic (UK) and, in 1978, entered the computer industry as a trainee sales and support executive with Burroughs in England. Since migrating to Australia in 1986, Day has been an IT consultant to large private and public organisations. He has presented papers at conferences in the UK, United States, New Zealand, Australia and throughout Asia. He was the editor of the Australian magazine SoftWare in 1995–1996 and has written many published articles for a variety of IT and business publications.
Day is the CEO of Consensus Group and is a member of the Australian Computer Society.
After surviving cancer three times as a child, Day founded Waterline Challenge. He conceived the idea while he walked consecutive sections of the New South Wales coast over the last 12 years, raising funds for various charities.
Published works
Australian CASE Directory (1993) co-authored with Dr. Yogesh Deshpande and Dash Forghani
Australian Software Development Directory (1995) co-authored with Dash Forghani
Benchmarking & Performance Indicators (1995)
Client Server Technology Review (1995)
Worlds Largest Computer Based Training (CBT) Project (1995)
Business Process Re-engineering "From Paradigm to Practice" (1995)
Help Desk Software Product Review (1995)
Software Security Product Review (1995)
Report Writers Product Guide (1996)
Financial Software Product Review (1996)
Australian Software Development Directory (1996) co-authored with Dash Forghani
Australian Software Engineering Guide (1997)
Australian Software Excellence: Consensus Software Award Selection 2004 and 2005 (2005) Published in conjunction with Bhuvan Unhelkar, PhD, MethodScience,
Requirements Modelling of Business Web Applications: Challenges and Solutions (2009) Proceedings of ISSEC 2009 International Conference. . Co-authored with Dr. Abbass Ghanbary
Success of Agile Environment in Complex Projects (2010), co-authored with Dr. Abbass Ghanbary
Software Innovation in Australia (Webinar 2010)
One One Five (2011), co-authored with Alan Manly and Graeme Brosnan.
Judge of Global Enterprise Challenge (2012)
Walking on a BOB or TWO'' (2014)
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
English computer scientists
Charity fundraisers (people)
Burroughs Corporation people
Alumni of the University of Plymouth
British writers
Australian writers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DDP-24 | The DDP-24 (1963) was a 24-bit computer designed and built by the Computer Control Company, aka 3C, located in Framingham, Massachusetts. In 1966 the company was sold to Honeywell who continued the DDP line into the 1970s.
Hardware
The DDP-24 was completely transistorized and used magnetic-core memory to store data and program instructions. It had a sign magnitude code to represent positive or negative numbers and used binary logic. The DDP-24 used a single address command format and single operation with index and indirect addressing flags.
Market acceptance
The DDP-24 found use in space and flight simulators of the mid-1960s and other real-time scientific data processing applications.
Peter B. Denes, a researcher at Bell Telephone Laboratories, Inc., installed a DDP-224 system around 1965 for use in speech research. It and a DDP-24 were used by Max Mathews, considered by many to be the founding father of computer music, to develop his GROOVE music system, as related by Professor Barry Vercoe in a 1999 MIT Media Lab interview. When asked to describe the first MIT experimental music studio, Prof. Vercoe replied, "We began that work when I first arrived in 1971. The first studio we had was in the basement of Building 26, where we had a computer given to MIT by Max Mathews--the Honeywell DDP-24. Max initially developed his GROOVE system on this machine and was kind enough to give it to MIT when I joined the faculty." The 3C DDP-24 used modules or cards called S-Pac's. These S-Pac cards could be Flip-Flops, NAND gates, Bit Registers etc. and were housed in a DDP-24 S-Bloc card rack. An early raster-scan graphics display was developed for the computer system.
External links & Bibliography
DDP-24 Instruction Manual, August 64, PDF
BRL REPORT NO. 1227 JANUARY 1964
Adams Report 1967, PDF
References
Minicomputers
24-bit computers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeround | Xeround was a provider of cloud database software, launched in 2005, and was shut down in May 2013. The company was founded by Sharon Barkai and Gilad Zlotkin. Zlotkin, a former research fellow at MIT Sloan School of Management, founded five other startups including Radview (NASDAQ:RDVW). Israeli financial newspaper Globes ranked the company as one of Israel's most promising start-ups in 2006.
Xeround's product was initially used by telecom providers, including T-Mobile; in 2009 the company added a MySQL front end to its product, making it applicable to a mass market of 12 million MySQL applications. The product allows MySQL users to scale their database and achieve high availability on cloud platforms like Amazon EC2. The beta version of the service was reported to be used by 2000 organizations; General availability was announced in June 2011. According to CNET blogger Dave Rosenberg, Xeround's MySQL support makes it "well positioned to take a leadership position in the database market".
On May 1, 2013, Xeround announced to its paid customers that they were shutting down the cloud database service and all data must be migrated before being dropped on May 15, 2013.
Product
Xeround provides a cloud database service for applications based on the open source edition of the MySQL database (MySQL is currently owned by Oracle). The product addresses two related problems: it is complex to run databases on the cloud, especially if high availability is needed; and databases in general are difficult to scale, as data throughput and volumes grow. A cloud database service solves both problems, by managing the database on the cloud and taking care of scalability and high availability, in a way that is transparent to the application. Instead of connecting to a local instance of MySQL, applications can connect to Xeround's cloud database, and are then free to scale as needed. Because Xeround is an in-memory distributed database, it is currently limited up to 50 Gigabytes of data. Xeround gives a no downtime SLA guarantee . The service offers pay-per-use pricing, calculated per Gigabyte per hour, with an additional charge for data transfer for large databases.
Xeround offers its service on several cloud platforms - as of September 2011, Xeround supported Amazon EC2, RackSpace, and Heroku, and is planning to support additional providers. As of March 2011, Xeround was the only commercially available product which supports more than one cloud provider, allowing users to move their databases freely between cloud platforms without being locked in.
While Xeround uses the open source version of MySQL, the cloud database software itself is not open source. Another distinction is that while Xeround offers MySQL as a front-end, on the back-end it is a NoSQL data storage system distributed on a large number of physical nodes - so it is not subject to the scalability limitations of regular MySQL databases.
On 1 May 2013 Xeround announced via an e-mail to customers tha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise%20operations%20in%20C | In the C programming language, operations can be performed on a bit level using bitwise operators.
Bitwise operations are contrasted by byte-level operations which characterize the bitwise operators' logical counterparts, the AND, OR, NOT operators. Instead of performing on individual bits, byte-level operators perform on strings of eight bits (known as bytes) at a time. The reason for this is that a byte is normally the smallest unit of addressable memory (i.e. data with a unique memory address).
This applies to bitwise operators as well, which means that even though they operate on only one bit at a time they cannot accept anything smaller than a byte as their input.
All of these operators are also available in C++, and many C-family languages.
Bitwise operators
C provides six operators for bit manipulation.
Bitwise AND &
The bitwise AND operator is a single ampersand: &. It is just a representation of AND which does its work on the bits of the operands rather than the truth value of the operands. Bitwise binary AND performs logical conjunction (shown in the table above) of the bits in each position of a number in its binary form.
For instance, working with a byte (the char type):
11001000
& 10111000
--------
= 10001000
The most significant bit of the first number is 1 and that of the second number is also 1 so the most significant bit of the result is 1; in the second most significant bit, the bit of second number is zero, so we have the result as 0.
Bitwise OR |
Similar to bitwise AND, bitwise OR performs logical disjunction at the bit level. Its result is a 1 if either of the bits is 1 and zero only when both bits are 0. Its symbol is | which can be called a pipe.
11001000
| 10111000
--------
= 11111000
Bitwise XOR ^
The bitwise XOR (exclusive or) performs an exclusive disjunction, which is equivalent to adding two bits and discarding the carry. The result is zero only when we have two zeroes or two ones. XOR can be used to toggle the bits between 1 and 0. Thus i = i ^ 1 when used in a loop toggles its values between 1 and 0.
11001000
^ 10111000
--------
= 01110000
Shift operators
There are two bitwise shift operators. They are
Right shift (>>)
Left shift (<<)
Right shift >>
The symbol of right shift operator is >>. For its operation, it requires two operands. It shifts each bit in its left operand to the right.
The number following the operator decides the number of places the bits are shifted (i.e. the right operand).
Thus by doing ch >> 3 all the bits will be shifted to the right by three places and so on.
However, do note that a shift operand value which is either a negative number or is greater than or equal to the total number of bits in this value results in undefined behavior. For example, when shifting a 32 bit unsigned integer, a shift amount of 32 or higher would be undefined.
Example:
If the variable ch contains the bit pattern 11100101, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant%20Pau%20de%20Seg%C3%BAries | Sant Pau de Segúries () is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Ripollès |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Pau | Santa Pau is a village and municipality in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Garrotxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriny%C3%A0 | Serinyà is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain, with a population of 1,143 inhabitants (2021)
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Pla de l'Estany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Tallada%20d%27Empord%C3%A0 | La Tallada d'Empordà is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Baix Empordà
Populated places in Baix Empordà |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torrent%2C%20Girona | Torrent is a village and municipality in the comarca of Baix Emporda, province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Baix Empordà
Populated places in Baix Empordà |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tortell%C3%A0 | Tortellà is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Garrotxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur%C3%BAs | Urús is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Cerdanya (comarca)
Municipalities in the Province of Girona |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Vall%20d%27en%20Bas | La Vall d'en Bas is a municipality in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Garrotxa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallfogona%20de%20Ripoll%C3%A8s | Vallfogona de Ripollès () is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Ripollès |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilablareix | Vilablareix is a small village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Gironès |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilademuls | Vilademuls is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Pla de l'Estany
Populated places in Pla de l'Estany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vilallonga%20de%20Ter | Vilallonga de Ter () is a village in the province of Girona and autonomous community of Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Ripollès |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Networks%20CEEMEA | Discovery Networks CEEMEA (Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa) was a branch of Discovery International headquartered in Warsaw, Poland. The network was launched in February 2011, previously Discovery Networks CEEMEA was under Discovery Networks Europe.
Discovery Networks CEEMEA held the responsibility for overseeing Discovery International channels in 105 countries in the Middle East, United Arab Emirates, the Russian Federation, Central Asia, Africa and European countries such as Germany, Greece, Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia, Turkey, Israel, Macedonia, comprising 10 brands.
History
Discovery Networks CEEMEA started out with the launch of the Discovery Channel in Europe in 1989 and was for a long time a part of Discovery Networks Europe. In mid-2007, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two separate branches, Discovery Networks UK and Discovery Network EMEA, both headquartered in London.
In February 2011, Discovery Networks Europe was split into two key branches Discovery Networks Western Europe (DNWE) and Discovery Networks CEEMEA (Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa). Discovery Networks CEEMEA's headquarters are in Warsaw, Poland. Regional offices are located in Almaty, Bucharest, Budapest, Kiev, London, Moscow and Prague.
Kasia Kieli is President and Managing Director for Discovery Networks Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East & Africa (CEEMEA) and as strategic management responsibility of Discovery's operations in the region, which became a standalone business in July 2010 and today encompasses 105 countries across three continents. In each of these markets, Discovery broadcasts up to nine channels from a list that includes Discovery Channel, Animal Planet, Discovery Science, Discovery HD Showcase and TLC.
From late 2016 all localised operations fall under the umbrella of Discovery EMEA with headquarters in Amsterdam (Northern and Western Europe), London (United Kingdom), Milan (Southern Europe) and Warsaw (Central & Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa).
Brands
Some channels listed below may only be available in some territories.
Discovery Channel
Animal Planet
Discovery Science
Discovery Travel & Living
Discovery World
Investigation Discovery
Food Network
HGTV
Travel Channel
Fine Living
Quest Arabiya (Middle East and North Africa)
TLC (Middle East and North Africa)
Discovery Historia (Poland)
Metro (Poland)
DMAX
Fatafeat (Middle East and North Africa)
Discovery Family HD (Middle East and Africa)
DKids (Middle East and North Africa)
DTX (Middle East and North Africa)
DLife (Middle East and North Africa)
Investigation Discovery Xtra (Africa)
DKids Arabia
Real Time (Africa)
Regional
In Central and Eastern Europe, the Middle East and Africa, 10 Discovery brands reach 141 million cumulative subscribers in 105 countries with programming customised in 19 languages. (usually subtitled) Arabic, Bulgari |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Meade%20radar%20station | The Fort Meade radar station was a Cold War military site with several sets of radar equipment in various Army and USAF radar networks. The site operated c. 1950 until 1979 and had a Project Nike command post and radar network.
Lashup site L-14
Site L-14 of the temporary Lashup Radar Network was the ground-controlled interception radar station established at Fort George G. Meade until the radar's surveillance area was covered by a Quantico AFS radar in 1955. The Fort Meade radar station also had the first experimental AN/GSG-2 Antiaircraft Defense System in 1955.
ARAACOM site W-13DC
In 1957 the Fort Meade station was designated an Army Air-Defense Command Post (AADCP) for the Washington-Baltimore Defense Area. The site had the first operational Martin AN/FSG-I Antiaircraft Defense System, a fire distribution center for Nike Missiles and which was operated by the 35th Antiaircraft Artillery Brigade. Designated W-13DC, the site had an AN/FPS-67 search radar and later a solid-state Hughes AN/TSQ-51 Air Defense Command and Coordination System. After 1957, Fort Meade became the Headquarters, 2nd Region, Army Air Defense Command.
ADC site RP-54
On October 1, 1961, W-13DC was integrated with the Aerospace Defense Command network as replacement site RP-54 operated by the USAF's 770th Airborne Control and Warning Squadron that transferred from former site P-54 at Palermo Air Force Station, New Jersey. Site RP-54 became part of the 1957 Washington Air Defense Sector) with an interface with the DC-04 SAGE system direction center at Fort Lee Air Force Station (inactivated March 1, 1983).
NORAD site Z-227
On July 1, 1963, the station was redesignated as site Z-227 (Palermo AFS re-opened as site Z-54), and the USAF unit was renamed the 770th Radar Squadron assuming control of the AN/FPS-67 and installing one each AN/FPS-6 and AN/FPS-6B height-finder radars by 1962. In 1964 an AN/FPS-90 replaced Meade's AN/FPS-6B, and the AN/FPS-6 was shut down; while in 1966 the AN/FPS-67 was upgraded to an AN/FPS-67B.
In addition to an annex at the former Manassas Air Force Station, the Fort Meade radar station had unmanned AN/FPS-14 Gap Filler annexes at Hermanville, Maryland (RP-54A/Z-227A, ) and Hanover, Pennsylvania (RP-54B/Z-227B, ). The Washington AADCPs at Suitland & Ft Meade were deactivated on September 1, 1974; and USAF air defense operations at Ft Meade ended October 1, 1979 (a plan to use the site in the 1983 Joint Surveillance System was not implemented).
References
United States Army command posts
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment sites
U.S. Army Nike sites
Military installations established in the 1950s
1953 establishments in Maryland
1994 in military history
Military installations in Maryland
Military installations closed in 1979
1979 disestablishments in Maryland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashup%20Radar%20Network | The Lashup Radar Network was a United States Cold War radar netting system for air defense surveillance which followed the post-World War II "five-station radar net" and preceded the "high Priority Permanent System". ROTOR was a similar expedient system in the United Kingdom.
Background
United States electronic attack warning began with a 1939 networking demonstration at Twin Lights station NJ, and 2 SCR-270 radar stations during the August 1940 "Watertown maneuvers" (NY). When "Pearl Harbor was attacked, [there were 8 CONUS] early-warning stations" (ME, NJ, & 6 in CA), and Oahu's Opana Mobile Radar Station had 1 of 6 SCR-270s. CONUS "Army Radar Station" deployments for World War II were primarily for coastal anti-aircraft defense, e.g., L-1 at Oceanside CA, J-23 at Seaside OR (Tillamook Head), and B-30 at Lompoc CA; and "the AAF...inactivated the aircraft warning network in April 1944." In 1946 the Distant Early Warning Line was "first conceived—and rejected". By 1948 there were only 5 AC&W stations, e.g., Twin Lights in June and Montauk's "Air Warning Station #3 on July 5 (cf. SAC radar stations, e.g., at Dallas & Denver Bomb Plots).
Radar Fence
The Radar Fence was a planned U.S. Cold War air defense "warning and control system" for $600 million (including $388 million for radars and other equipment) proposed in a report by Maj. Gen. Francis L. "Ankenbrandt and his communications officers" and which was approved by the USAF Chief of Staff on November 21, 1947. The "Radar Fence Plan (code named Project SUPREMACY)" was to be complete by 1953 with 411 radar stations and 18 control centers in the continental United States. Air Defense Command (ADC) rejected Supremacy since "no provision was made in it for the Alaska to Greenland net with flanks guarded by aircraft and picket ships [required] for 3 to 6 hours of warning time", and "Congress failed to act on legislation required to support the proposed system." In the spring and summer of 1947, 3 ADC Aircraft Control and Warning (AC&W) plans had gone unfunded.
Lashup planning
In November 1947 ADC "decided to go ahead with implementation [using] AC&W assets…ADC possessed." The January 1, 1948, Finletter Commission report "while recognizing the need for a radar early-warning system, cautioned against the extraordinary expense of such a system, if constructed, to provide total coverage." The ADC commander "was ordered on 23 April 1948 to establish with his current resources [the initial networks with] AC&W systems in the Northwestern United States, the Northeastern United States, and the Albuquerque, New Mexico, areas, in that priority." The "first air defense division organization", the 25th Air Division, was established October 25, 1948, "at Silver Lake (Everett), Washington", the 26th Air Division was activated at Mitchell Field NY on November 16, and both were transferred to ADC on April 1, 1949.
Lashup deployment
"Lashup I" was a stopgap $561,000 program approved in October 1948 by |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20AN/FSG-1%20Antiaircraft%20Defense%20System | The Martin AN/FSG-1 Antiaircraft Defense System, better known as Missile Master, was an electronic fire distribution center to computerize Cold War air defense (AD) command posts from manual plotting board operations to automated command and control of remote surface-to-air missile (SAM) launch batteries. The 10 United States Army C3 systems used radar netting ("electronic umbrella") at Missile Master military installations for coordinating ground-controlled interception by Nike and MIM-23 Hawk missiles. The vacuum tube fire control logic reduced the time to designate the appropriate missile battery to launch if an enemy target had intruded into a defense area where an AN/FSG-1 system was deployed.
History
The AN/FSG-1 was an outgrowth of the July 1945 Signal Corps' Project 414A for an electronic Air Defense Fire Distribution System (ADFDS), a 1950 prototype computer and console system, and the 1954 experimental forerunner/"test system" (AN/GSG-2) installed at Fort George G. Meade. The 1st AN/FSG-1 was contracted in August 1955, the program had been publicly announced by August 1956, Missile Master sites had been selected by June 1957, and the "operational" AN/FSG-1 at the Fort Meade radar station was "put into action" on December 5, 1957. A 13-minute AN/FSG-1 military film (MF 11-8923) was produced in 1958, and Congressional funding for additional sites was initiated in 1959 after the "Missile Master Plan" resolved the Army Project Nike and USAF CIM-10 Bomarc plans for SAM air defense.
During the October 1959-July 1960 study regarding the system's algorithm for Automatic Target and Battery Evaluation (ATABE), the "first production model AN/FSG-1" was dedicated in January 1960 at Fort Lawton Air Force Station (AFS), Washington. Following installation, a checkout period, and AN/FSG-1 acceptance; a dedication ceremony was often held and open to media (e.g., May 1960 acceptance at Highlands AADS, New Jersey, with June 5 dedication). The "SAGE/Missile Master test program" conducted large-scale field testing of the AN/FSG-1 "mathematical model" using actual radar tracks of SAC and ADC aircraft sorties into the defense areas (SAC-simulated bomb runs were planned after September 22, 1960). The last (10th) AN/FSG-1 was dedicated in December 1960 at Fort MacArthur, California.
Replacement
With the availability of solid-state direction center (DC) equipment such as the Martin AN/GSG-6 BIRDIE deployed in 1961, the United States Department of Defense approved in December 1963 the replacement of the AN/FSG-1. Six were replaced with Hughes AN/TSQ-51 Air Defense Command and Coordination Systems with the last replacement on February 8, 1967, at Oakdale AFS, Pennsylvania. Ft Lawton, Fort Heath MA, and Lockport AFS NY were replaced with BIRDIEs while instead of replacement, the AN/FSG-1 at Pedricktown Army Air Defense Base was removed after its defense area was incorporated into the combined New York-Philadelphia Defense Area controlled by Highlan |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnrealIRCd | UnrealIRCd is an open-source IRC daemon, originally based on DreamForge, and is available for Unix-like operating systems and Windows. Since the beginning of development on UnrealIRCd c. May 1999, many new features have been added and modified, including advanced security features and bug fixes, and it has become a popular server.
Development
UnrealIRCd was originally based on DALnet's DreamForge IRCd, "a now deprecated IRC server that was the predecessor to the actively maintained Bahamut server."
On July 13, 2007, Carsten V. Munk (stskeeps), the founder of the UnrealIRCd project, announced that a future v4.0 would be a fork of InspIRCd. Later on, this idea was dropped.
With the release of version 3.2.10 in December 2012, Bram Matthys (Syzop), the current project leader of UnrealIRCd, announced that development has been started on a 3.4 version. The 3.2 series will be maintained until the new version has been declared stable, which was expected to happen somewhere in 2014.
In October 2015 it was announced that due to the many changes the new series will be called UnrealIRCd 4 and the first Release Candidate was made available for download.
An UnrealIRCd 4.0.0 stable release was made on December 24, 2015.
Next UnrealIRCd 5 stable series was first released on December 13, 2019.
Features
Some of Unreal's features are referred to as "nonstandard", in that they are not listed in the IRC-related RFCs 1459 and 2811–2813, but are beneficial "from a security point of view." The software "possibly has the most security features of any IRC server", including "spam filters, different styles of user bans, various channel modes to prevent abuse and flooding, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) connection support, and compressed server connections." For example, the shun command blocks a user from transmitting any text, the spamfilter uses regular expressions and can automatically ban, shun or disconnect users, and dccdeny can block files from being transmitted.
It includes the ability to password-protect server restart and stop commands, for operator use only. The Windows version includes error reporting on startup. Unreal supports linking to IRC Services, and allowing Services to change channel modes.
Server-side filtering can be used by administrators to block transfers of files, or certain domains.
Unreal 3.2's "new-style" configuration file format is described as "more verbose" than traditional IRCd servers, which makes it easier set up; it is divided into "blocks" of related options, and has explanatory comments for each option.
Reception
UnrealIRCd is "one of the most popular and full-featured IRC daemons" and is used on the largest number of IRC servers, according to SearchIRC.com.
This server is described as having "possibly the most security features of any IRC server."
Security issues
The tarball of version 3.2.8.1, from November 2009 to June 12, 2010, contained a trojan that allowed people to execute commands with the privileges of the user running |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IdeaPad%20S%20series | The IdeaPad S Series is a series of notebook computers launched by Lenovo in October 2008. The IdeaPad S10 was initially scheduled for launch in September, but its release was delayed in the United States until October.
The S series began with the IdeaPad S10, the lowest cost model, powered by an Intel Atom processor in a 10.2-inch subnotebook. Later, more expensive laptops in the S-series also powered by Intel Atoms were released. Once the Atom CPU line was discontinued, the main line of lightweight S series laptops switched to alternatives, such as the low-power AMD A-series, Intel Celeron, Pentium, and low-cost versions of Y-series CPUs.
2008
The IdeaPad S10, the first laptop in the IdeaPad S Series of netbooks, was released in 2008.
S10
The IdeaPad S10 was Lenovo's first netbook. While Engadget found the design unremarkable, the low starting price was well-received. The S10 featured a TFT active matrix 1024×576 or 1024×600 display with an 80 or 160 GB hard disk drive and 512 MB or 1 GB DDR2 Random Access Memory, both of which could be upgraded via a trap door on the bottom of the netbook. The initial S10 featured 512 MB of RAM soldered to system board with an expansion SO-DIMM slot for further upgrades to 2 or 2.5 GB (2.5 GB was only usable with an operating system with support for sparse memory regions). The processor was an Intel Atom that ran at 1.6 GHz. The S10 supported IEEE 802.11 b/g wireless networking and had two USB ports, an ExpressCard expansion slot, a 4-in-1 media reader, and a VGA output. These computers received positive consumer reviews and a 9/10 rating from Wired magazine.
In May 2009 Lenovo introduced the S10-2. While the S10-2 shared many traits with the S10/S10e, it omitted the ExpressCard34 slot, featured a new physical design, added an additional USB port, and enlarged the keyboard, touchpad, and sizes of the hard drive and SSD.
2009
The IdeaPad S Series netbooks released by Lenovo in 2009 were the S10e, S10-2, and the S12.
S10e
The IdeaPad S10e was a re-launch of the IdeaPad S10, with features updated for the education market. The netbook included a quick start operating system and 5 hours of battery life at a low starting price. It weighed 2.8 lbs, with a form factor of 9.8 x 7.7 x 0.9–1.4-inches. The netbook offered a wide keyboard occupying almost the entire width of the chassis, and LAPTOP Magazine reported that it was easy for even adults to type on.
S10-2
The IdeaPad S10-2 was a 10-inch netbook with a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom processor, 1GB RAM, a 6-cell battery, and Intel GMA Integrated Graphics. Notebook Review reported that the netbook's design offered "a cleaner and smoother appearance all around". The specifications of the netbook are as follows:
Processor: Intel Atom N270 1.6 GHz or Intel Atom N280 1.66 GHz and Hyper-Threading
RAM: 1GB DDR2 667 MHz
Display: 10.1" (WSVGA, Glossy, LED-backlit, 1024x600)
Storage: 160GB 5400rpm
Graphics: Intel GMA 950 Integrated
Wi-Fi: Broadcom 802.11b/g
Card reader: 4-in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/56-bit%20encryption | In computing, 56-bit encryption refers to a key size of fifty-six bits, or seven bytes, for symmetric encryption. While stronger than 40-bit encryption, this still represents a relatively low level of security in the context of a brute force attack.
Description
The US government traditionally regulated encryption for reasons of national security, law enforcement and foreign policy. Encryption was regulated from 1976 by the Arms Export Control Act until control was transferred to the Department of Commerce in 1996.
56-bit refers to the size of a symmetric key used to encrypt data, with the number of unique possible permutations being (72,057,594,037,927,936). 56-bit encryption has its roots in DES, which was the official standard of the US National Bureau of Standards from 1976, and later also the RC5 algorithm. US government regulations required any users of stronger 56-bit symmetric keys to submit to key recovery through algorithms like CDMF or key escrow, effectively reducing the key strength to 40-bit, and thereby allowing organisations such as the NSA to brute-force this encryption. Furthermore, from 1996 software products exported from the United States were not permitted to use stronger than 56-bit encryption, requiring different software editions for the US and export markets. In 1999, US allowed 56-bit encryption to be exported without key escrow or any other key recovery requirements.
The advent of commerce on the Internet and faster computers raised concerns about the security of electronic transactions initially with 40-bit, and subsequently also with 56-bit encryption. In February 1997, RSA Data Security ran a brute force competition with a $10,000 prize to demonstrate the weakness of 56-bit encryption; the contest was won four months later. In July 1998, a successful brute-force attack was demonstrated against 56-bit encryption with Deep Crack in just 56 hours.
In 2000, all restrictions on key length were lifted, except for exports to embargoed countries.
56-bit DES encryption is now obsolete, having been replaced as a standard in 2002 by the 128-bit (and stronger) Advanced Encryption Standard. DES continues to be used as a symmetric cipher in combination with Kerberos because older products do not support newer ciphers like AES.
See also
40-bit encryption
Pretty Good Privacy
References
Symmetric-key cryptography
History of cryptography |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eris%20%28simulation%29 | Eris is a computer simulation of the Milky Way galaxy's physics. It was done by astrophysicists from the Institute for Theoretical Physics at the University of Zurich, Switzerland and University of California, Santa Cruz. The simulation project was undertaken at the NASA Advanced Supercomputer Division's Pleiades and the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre for nearly eight months, which would have otherwise taken 570 years in a personal computer. The Eris simulation is the first successful detailed simulation of a Milky Way like galaxy. The results of the simulation were announced in August 2011.
Background
Simulation projects intending to simulate spiral galaxies have been undertaken for the past 20 years. All of these projects had failed as the simulation results showed central bulges which are huge compared to the disk size.
Simulation
The simulation was undertaken using supercomputers which include the Pleiades supercomputer, the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and the supercomputers at the University of California, Santa Cruz. The simulation used 1.4 million processor-hours of the Pleiades supercomputer.
It is based on the theory that in the early universe, cold and slow moving dark matter particles clumped together. These dark matter clumps then formed the "scaffolding" around galaxies and galactic clusters. The motions of more than 60 million particles which represented dark matter and galactic gas were simulated for a period of 13 billion years. The software platform Gasoline was used for the simulation.
Simulation results
The Eris simulation is the first successful simulation to have resolved the high-density gas clouds where stars formed. The simulation result consisted of a galaxy which is very similar to the Milky Way galaxy. Some of the parameters which were similar to Milky Way are stellar content, gas content, kinematic decomposition, brightness profile and the bulge-to-disk ratio.
References
External links
Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Zurich
Cosmological simulation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%205%20%28British%20TV%20channel%29%20programming | Channel 5 airs a wide variety of programming that covers various genres and themes, with programmes about farming, trains and royalty being popular.
The channel is notable for its travel and holiday shows, whether presented by comedians such as Susan Calman and Alexander Armstrong or whether they are programmes in a fly-on-the-wall reality format like Allo Allo! Brits in France or the Bargain Loving Brits... series. The channel has also become associated with a number of people and programmes from Yorkshire with shows including Jane McDonald, The Yorkshire Vet's Julian Norton and shepherdess Amanda Owen, (the latter two also contributing to episodes of This Week on the Farm, filmed at Cannon Hall Farm in South Yorkshire).
Channel 5 is also notable for securing the rights to Home and Away in 2001, which helped boost early evening viewing figures for the channel, and acquiring Neighbours from the BBC after a bidding war with other broadcasters. However, where once imported drama made up a large part of its schedule, Channel 5 has increased the number of titles released under the banner of Channel 5 Original Dramas, with The Drowning and a new version of All Creatures Great and Small bringing in more than 4 million viewers to the channel, making it one of Channel 5's biggest hits of Autumn 2021 along with Our Yorkshire Farm and The Madame Blanc Mysteries (all with audiences of over 2.5 million viewers).
Public service
Channel 5, as a British public service broadcaster, are required to broadcast a wide variety of programming. As opposed to Channel 4, whose programming remit targets the fringes of society and ranges a variety of cultures, Channel 5's remit is more like ITV's. The Channel's remit is laid out in the Communications Act 2003, Section 265 and is regulated by Ofcom. The section states that:
(1)The regulatory regime for every licensed public service channel, and for the public teletext service, includes a condition requiring the provider of the channel or service to fulfil the public service remit for that channel or service.
(2)The public service remit— (a) for every Channel 3 service, and (b) for Channel 5, is the provision of a range of high quality and diverse programming
As a public service broadcaster, Channel 5 is required to show a quota of news bulletins and educational programmes. Documentaries such as Hidden Lives, Revealed and Extraordinary People are examples of how the channel has met these criteria. In 2005, Channel 5 acquired the right to the annual Royal Institution Christmas Lectures, with the broadcasts occurring on the channel for three years (as they are now on BBC Four). The channel has also featured some short educational documentary series such as Your Sport focusing on sport in local communities.
Early scheduling
Upon launch, Channel 5's programming followed a strict schedule with the intention that viewers could tune in and always know what to expect. Major features of Channel 5's early scheduling structure in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Day%20in%20the%20Life%20%28TV%20series%29 | A Day in the Life is a 2010s internet television documentary web series, distributed by Hulu as its first original long-form programming venture. The first season includes six episodes starring Morgan Spurlock, whose production company, Warrior Poets, produced the show.
Production
Spurlock produced the show with his production partner, Jeremy Chilnick, through Spurlock's production company, Warrior Poets. Each episode follows a notable person around for 24 hours. The series is distributed by Hulu, which had ventured into short-form web television original content.
The show marks the beginning of what Business Wire describes as a new Hulu initiative to "support creatively and financially the work of independent storytellers". The Huffington Post describes the original programming effort as an opportunity to open the chapter that "sets Hulu on a course of semi-independence, where it can produce shows outside of its parent companies". Previously, Hulu had been known for making repeats of existing content available, primarily from Disney, News Corp, and Comcast.
The original episodes aired on both the free Hulu service and the Hulu Plus subscription service every Wednesday for six weeks, beginning August 17, 2011. The first season featured Richard Branson, will.i.am, Russell Peters, Gregg Gillis (better known as Girl Talk), and Misty Copeland. The series premiere episode featured Branson.
Episodes
Season 1 (2011)
Season 2 (2012-13)
DVD Releases
Virgil Films and Entertainment released A Day in the Life Season 1 & 2 onto DVD with all 16 episodes of both seasons on a 2-disc set on October 8, 2013.
References
External links
A Day in the Life at Hulu
2010s American documentary television series
English-language television shows
Hulu original programming
Documentary web series
American non-fiction web series
2011 American television series debuts
2013 American television series endings |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses%20in%20Philadelphia | The Philadelphia trolleybus system forms part of the public transportation network serving Philadelphia, in the state of Pennsylvania, United States. It opened on October 14, 1923, and is now the second-longest-lived trolleybus system in the world. One of only four such systems currently operating in the U.S., it presently comprises three lines and is operated by the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA), with a fleet of 38 trolleybuses, or trackless trolleys as SEPTA calls them. The three surviving routes serve North and Northeast Philadelphia and connect with SEPTA's Market–Frankford rapid transit line.
History
The first trackless trolley (trolley bus) service in Philadelphia was operated by the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, which had been established in 1902 by the merger of several then-independent transit companies operating within the city and its environs. Through a reorganization, the company became the Philadelphia Transportation Company (PTC) on January 1, 1940. The PTC was transferred from private to public ownership on September 30, 1968, when SEPTA (formed in 1964) took it over.
Of more than 300 trolley bus systems in operation worldwide (as of 2011), Philadelphia's is the second-oldest, exceeded in longevity only by that of Shanghai, China (in operation since 1914). That also makes it the oldest system in the Western Hemisphere.
The three Northeast Philadelphia trolley bus lines operating out of Frankford Depot, and the two South Philadelphia lines which operated out of Southern Depot, always existed in isolation from each other; there was never any trackless route or non-revenue 2-wire connection between those two networks. In addition, from 1941 to 1961, there were actually three disconnected trackless networks in the city, as PTC Route 61 operated out of Ridge Depot (closed on December 4, 1960) and did not connect with any other trackless line. (Pre-MBTA Boston, and the former Toronto system, also featured two or more disconnected trolleybus networks.)
20th century
The city's first trolley bus line was route 80-Oregon Avenue, an east–west route in South Philadelphia which ran from 22nd Street to Delaware Avenue, a distance of . Service began on October 14, 1923, with a fleet of 10 vehicles: nine built by the J. G. Brill Company (a major U.S. streetcar manufacturer) and called the "Rail-less Car" model, and one experimental unit built by the Commercial Truck Company (the only trolley bus ever built by that company). A tenth Brill unit was acquired the following year. All were replaced by more modern Brill T30 trolley buses in 1935.
After the opening of route 80, 18 years would pass before a second trolley bus line was opened. Route 61-Ridge Avenue became a trolley bus line on October 5, 1941, converted from streetcar operation. It was a much longer (11 miles) and more heavily used route. It ran from the Manayunk neighborhood, in the northwest, to the city center (locally known as Center City), a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCPNN | A Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) is an artificial neural network inspired by Bayes' theorem, which regards neural computation and processing as probabilistic inference. Neural unit activations represent probability ("confidence") in the presence of input features or categories, synaptic weights are based on estimated correlations and the spread of activation corresponds to calculating posterior probabilities. It was originally proposed by Anders Lansner and Örjan Ekeberg at KTH Royal Institute of Technology. This probabilistic neural network model can also be run in generative mode to produce spontaneous activations and temporal sequences.
The basic model is a feedforward neural network comprising neural units with continuous activation, having a bias representing prior, and being connected by Bayesian weights in the form of point-wise mutual information. The original network has been extended to a modular structure of minicolumns and hypercolumns, representing discrete coded features or attributes. The units can also be connected as a recurrent neural network (losing the strict interpretation of their activations as probabilities) but becoming a possible abstract model of biological neural networks and associative memory.
BCPNN has been used for machine learning classification and data mining, for example for discovery of adverse drug reactions. The BCPNN learning rule has also been used to model biological synaptic plasticity and intrinsic excitability in large-scale spiking neural network (SNN) models of cortical associative memory and reward learning in Basal ganglia.
Network architecture
The BCPNN network architecture is modular in terms of hypercolumns and minicolumns. This modular structure is inspired by and generalized from the modular structure of the mammalian cortex. In abstract models, the minicolumns serve as the smallest units and they typically feature a membrane time constant and adaptation. In spiking models of cortex, a layer 2/3 minicolumn is typically represented by some 30 pyramidal cells and one double bouquet cell. The latter turns the negative BCPNN-weights formed between neurons with anti-correlated activity into di-synaptic inhibition.
Lateral inhibition within the hypercolumn makes it a soft winner-take-all module. Looking at real cortex, the number of minicolumns within a hypercolumn is on the order of a hundred, which makes the activity sparse, at the level of 1% or less, given that hypercolumns can also be silent. A BCPNN network with a size of the human neocortex would have a couple of million hypercolumns, partitioned into some hundred areas. In addition to sparse activity, a large-scale BCPNN would also have very sparse connectivity, given that the real cortex is sparsely connected at the level of 0.01 - 0.001% on average.
Bayesian-Hebbian learning rule
The BCPNN learning rule was derived from Bayes rule and is Hebbian such that neural units with activity correlated over time get |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20the%20Webmate | Fred The Webmate was a chatterbot created in 1998 for the defunct e-zine Word Magazine. It was inspired by an early computer program ELIZA, which attempted to mimic human conversation by use of a script.
Visitors to the chatterbot encountered a simple graphic interface: an animated character living in a small, very clean apartment. This was Fred. Visitors could “talk” to Fred by typing questions. Fred would then “answer” via a program that recognized keywords in the questions and drew responses from a large inventory of pre-scripted replies.
To enhance the sense that visitors were talking to a real person, Fred's replies were idiosyncratic, informed by a semi-realistic backstory created for the character. Fred claimed to have been recently fired by a media company and was struggling to adjust to his new circumstances. Suffering from depression and insomnia, was often pacing, smoking or drinking and would occasionally pass out drunk. He gave “answers” that were frequently off-topic due to his variable mood and could be angry, jealous, rude, sad or euphoric during a conversation. He also had a number of sexual issues that he would routinely allude to but refuse to discuss in detail.
Fred's “personality” made him both entertaining and, at times, a believable conversationalist. The chatbot became one of the most popular features of Word and received a large volume of personal email. The staff of Word responded to much of these emails in the “voice” of Fred, furthering the illusion that Fred was a real person.
In 1999, a second installment of Fred's life appeared on Word. It employed the same scripting technology as the first version, but Fred's story was updated and his range of “answers” was expanded. In this "episode" (for lack of a better term), Fred was no longer in his apartment. Instead, he was working in an office, performing data entry and other clerical tasks. Claiming that the job was “temporary,” he spent much of his time away from his desk—in the bathroom or office kitchen, pacing and drinking soda, assuring anyone who chatted with him that he would have a new and better job soon. Though he claimed to be happy, his script suggested otherwise, and continued to simulate “mood swings.”
When Word Magazine was shut down in 2000, Fred The Webmate, along with the rest of the site, was preserved in the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art.
Fred The Webmate was conceived, designed and programmed by Word's creative director Yoshi Sodeoka with assistance from designer Jason Mohr. Its graphic interface was inspired by the aesthetics of the Commodore 64 computer. The chatterbot's script was written by Marisa Bowe, Naomi Clark, Daron Murphy, and Sabin Streeter. Fred's backstory was drawn from the real-life experiences of his creators and their friends and acquaintances during the late 1990s Dot-com bubble.
References
External links
Rhizome Artbase
NT2
Humor Daily Surprise, June 1999
October 1999, archived page of Fred the Webmate on Internet Arch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn%20Notice%20%28season%206%29 | The sixth season of the American television spy drama Burn Notice premiered on June 14, 2012, on the cable television channel USA Network.
Season overview
Immediately after Fiona is arrested by the FBI, she is processed and taken into an interrogation room, where she is interrogated by Agent Jason Bly (Alex Carter), who is on loan from the CSS. Bly tries to get Fiona to implicate Michael in the British Consulate bombing, but she refuses to cooperate. Meanwhile, Michael and Sam pursue Anson Fullerton (Jere Burns) throughout Miami and corner him in a chemical plant, with eventual help from Agent Dani Pearce (Lauren Stamile). Anson does everything he can to stop Michael from pursuing him, even going as far as sending a former patient of his to Madeline's house. Michael brutally attacks Anson upon finding him, but is forced to let him escape after learning that he wired the building to explode. After warning Sam and Pearce, they make it out of the building when it explodes. Michael tries to shoot at Anson, but is furious that he got away. Pearce informs Michael that Anson just hit the top of the CIA's most wanted list, but all they can prove is that Anson tried to blow up her extraction team.
After Fiona is taken to a federal prison, she becomes marked for death and is targeted by inmates, but she makes an ally named Ayn in prison. Michael visits his former training officer, Tom Card (John C. McGinley) for help getting visitation rights to see Fiona, but Card initially denies his request. However, after Michael, Sam, and Jesse help Card take down a drug cartel, Card agrees to pull strings to grant him visitation rights. Michael also learns from his brother, Nate Westen (Seth Peterson) that Ruth left him and took their son with her, so Michael invites him to stay. The team help Pearce track down the man who killed her fiancée, who is currently a protected CIA asset, and trick him into giving up the intel the CIA needs in order to remove his protection.
Michael visits Fiona and promises to get her out, and they reminisce over their time in Belfast. Afterwards, Michael receives a note from Fiona, learning that someone is trying to kill her and is working with a dirty guard. Michael, Sam, and Jesse pay the guard a visit in the Everglades, only to find him dead. Sam is then kidnapped by former CIA operative-turned-traitor, Rebecca Lang (Kristanna Loken), so Michael and Jesse work to rescue him. However, upon learning that Rebecca is being blackmailed by Anson, who is threatening to have her brother killed, they offer to help her save him. As the team works to save Rebecca's brother, Michael also simultaneously works with Card to take down one of Fiona's weapons dealer in exchange for her release from prison. Both plans work, so Fiona becomes a CIA asset and Rebecca provides Michael with Anson's location where he's expecting his latest drop of travel documents and cash. After Michael tells Fiona that they found Anson, he informs her that she has to pl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20Power%20Eraser | Norton Power Eraser (NPE) is a small portable executable which uses Norton Insight in-the-cloud application ratings to scan a computer system. The program matches an application found on the user's computer with a list of trusted and malicious applications. If it's in the list of trusted applications, Power Eraser leaves it on the system. If it is in the list of bad applications, it is marked for deletion. If it is unknown and not in any list, it is reported as suspicious but not marked for removal. Instead, the program recommends a "remote scan", which will upload the file to Symantec's servers to check it with virus definitions.
Effectiveness
Power Eraser is very aggressive against unknown threats that are not whitelisted and are instead marked for removal or sent for analysis. The tool also features rootkit scanning, which requires a system restart. Threat removal is also performed after restart, on the next boot, to avoid the self-protection of viruses and trojans.
References
Power Eraser
Gen Digital software
Antivirus software
Proprietary software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiana%20Jones%20Adventure%20World | Indiana Jones Adventure World is a defunct adventure game for the social network Facebook, released in 2011. It is the first game made by Zynga's Boston development studio, made up of developers from Conduit Labs and Floodgate Entertainment. Adventure World was originally made independent of Indiana Jones, but after Zynga reached a deal with Lucasfilm to bring Indiana Jones to Adventure World, Indiana Jones appeared in off-screen cameo roles. On November 29, Indiana Jones was added to the game in a chapter dedicated to the character called "Calendar of the Sun". At this time, the title was changed to Indiana Jones Adventure World. Hal Barwood, the co-writer and co-designer of Indiana Jones and the Fate of Atlantis and writer and designer of Indiana Jones and the Infernal Machine worked on Indiana Jones Adventure World in the area of narrative design. Game writer Jonathon Myers has provided narrative support in the wake of Hal Barwood's contribution.
Indiana Jones Adventure World was one in a slew of titles shut down by Zynga at the end of 2012 as part of a cost-cutting measure.
Plot
The game is set in 1930s Middle America. The main character is either a male or a female who has just joined the Adventure Society, and sets up a base camp in an effort to explore ancient ruins.
Gameplay
The object of Indiana Jones Adventure World was to achieve goals by exploring maps. One of the maps, "Calendar of the Sun", allowed the player to team up with a non-playable Indiana Jones to search for the mythical object that can control time.
The player depended upon energy, adventure cash, coins, and goals.
References
2011 video games
Adventure World
Video games set in the 1930s
Video games set in Mexico
Facebook games
Zynga
Products and services discontinued in 2013
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by Adam Gubman
Inactive online games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%27s%20programming%20on%20TBS%20and%20TNT | TBS and TNT, the first two cable television networks in the Turner Broadcasting System, aired children's programming for a period of over 20 years, beginning in the 1970s and continuing through 1998.
Background
In 1986, Ted Turner's cable-TV conglomerate acquired most of the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television library In 1988, its cable channel Turner Network Television was launched and had gained an audience with its film library. In 1991, it purchased animation studio Hanna-Barbera Productions and acquired its large library as well as most of the pre-1991 Ruby-Spears library.
TBS
Early programming included syndicated series such as The Flintstones, The Little Rascals, Spider-Man, Ultraman and Speed Racer.
In the 1980s, WTBS focused heavily on movies, running two during the day, and all movies after 8 p.m. with the exception of sports events. Other times, WTBS continued to run mostly classic sitcoms, and vintage cartoons. In 1986, with Ted Turner's purchase of MGM, WTBS now had the rights to the entire MGM library as well (including certain acquisitions by MGM). This gave WTBS many theatrical cartoons like Tom and Jerry. WTBS began to run The Little Rascals, Tom & Jerry, Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons released prior to 8/1/1948, theatrical Popeye cartoons, and Three Stooges shorts under the banner Tom & Jerry and Friends between an hour and 90 minutes in the mornings and for an hour in the afternoons from 1986 to the mid-1990s.
In 1992, The Jetsons debuted on TBS and TNT due to Turner acquiring Hanna-Barbera. Original animated programming such as 2 Stupid Dogs, and SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron were added as well, as part of the Sunday Morning In Front Of The TV block.
In response to educational program mandates, TBS added a live-action educational program, Feed Your Mind in 1994. On February 20, 1995, TBS, TNT and Cartoon Network simulcasted the Space Ghost Coast to Coast episode "1st Annual World Premiere Toon-In", which included the first World Premiere Toons short "The Powerpuff Girls in Meat Fuzzy Lumkins". Cartoon Planet premiered on TBS in July as a response to Ted Turner enjoying watching the Space Ghost episode on TBS.
TBS' children's programs became part of the Disaster Area block in March 1996. The block's branding featured an offscreen reporter inside a talking tornado of junk. Turner was bought by Time Warner in 1996. Among the programming changes instituted after the merger was the addition of later Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies cartoons, released no earlier than August 1, 1948 (as previously mentioned); the change was promoted with the title of Super Looney Tunes on April 14, 1997. Also added were reruns of the WB Animation series Taz-Mania, which had recently ceased airing on Fox Kids.
Children's programs broadcast by TBS
2 Stupid Dogs/Super Secret Squirrel (1993–95)
The Alvin Show (1985–86)
The Archies (1976–78)
The Banana Splits and Friends Show (1971–74; 1979)
The Baseball Bunch (1980–85)
Battle of the Pla |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culturomics | Culturomics is a form of computational lexicology that studies human behavior and cultural trends through the quantitative analysis of digitized texts. Researchers data mine large digital archives to investigate cultural phenomena reflected in language and word usage. The term is an American neologism first described in a 2010 Science article called Quantitative Analysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books, co-authored by Harvard researchers Jean-Baptiste Michel and Erez Lieberman Aiden.
Michel and Aiden helped create the Google Labs project Google Ngram Viewer which uses n-grams to analyze the Google Books digital library for cultural patterns in language use over time.
Because the Google Ngram data set is not an unbiased sample, and does not include metadata, there are several pitfalls when using it to study language or the popularity of terms. Medical literature accounts for a large, but shifting, share of the corpus, which does not take into account how often the literature is printed, or read.
Studies
In a study called Culturomics 2.0, Kalev H. Leetaru examined news archives including print and broadcast media (television and radio transcripts) for words that imparted tone or "mood" as well as geographic data. The research retroactively predicted the 2011 Arab Spring and successfully estimated the final location of Osama bin Laden to within .
In a 2012 paper by Alexander M. Petersen and co-authors, they found a "dramatic shift in the birth rate and death rates of words": Deaths have increased and births have slowed. The authors also identified a universal "tipping point" in the life cycle of new words at about 30 to 50 years after their origin, they either enter the long-term lexicon or fall into disuse.
Culturomic approaches have been taken in the analysis of newspaper content in a number of studies by I. Flaounas and co-authors. These studies showed macroscopic trends across different news outlets and countries. In 2012, a study of 2.5 million articles suggested that gender bias in news coverage depends on topic and how the readability of newspaper articles is related to topic. A separate study by the same researchers, covering 1.3 million articles from 27 countries, showed macroscopic patterns in the choice of stories to cover. In particular, countries made similar choices when they were related by economic, geographical and cultural links. The cultural links were revealed by the similarity in voting for the Eurovision song contest. This study was performed on a vast scale, by using statistical machine translation, text categorisation and information extraction techniques.
The possibility to detect mood shifts in a vast population by analysing Twitter content was demonstrated in a study by T. Lansdall-Welfare and co-authors. The study considered 84 million tweets generated by more than 9.8 million users from the United Kingdom over a period of 31 months, showing how public sentiment in the UK has changed with the announce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Brother%20%28Australian%20season%209%29 | Big Brother Australia 2012, also known as Big Brother 9, was the ninth season of the Australian reality television series Big Brother. It was the first to air on the Nine Network who signed a deal with Southern Star Group in September 2011 to broadcast the show. The season began with a pre-recorded launch show on 13 August 2012. Benjamin Norris was announced the winner of the ninth season on 7 November 2012, making him the first openly gay person to win Big Brother Australia. Benjamin proposed to his boyfriend, also named Ben, during the show's finale.
This season introduced Sonia Kruger as the new host of Big Brother. Mike Goldman continued his role of providing voice over narration for the show. The production was based at the same compound, located within the Dreamworld theme park, that had been used in all previous series of Big Brother Australia.
Production
After four years off air, the Nine Network confirmed on 9 September 2011 that they had signed a contract with Southern Star Group to air the series in 2012; the first time a broadcaster other than Network Ten has broadcast the show in Australia. In September 2011, when the location of the Big Brother compound had not yet been officially confirmed, Queensland Premier Anna Bligh stated that she would do everything possible to see the show return to the Gold Coast. A spokesperson from Dreamworld, the original home of Big Brother, stated on 21 September 2011 that nothing was locked in but that the theme park would welcome the return of the show. In December 2011, The Daily Telegraph reported that Fox Studios Australia and Warner Bros. Movie World had also expressed interest. In an interview ahead of the season launch, Kruger suggested that Big Brother would be family friendly and air at 7.00 pm.
Several days after the news Big Brother was to return, Southern Star Group announced on their casting website that they would be accepting pre-audition applications for people who were interested in participating on the season. The official Facebook page for the show, as directed to by the Southern Star website, was opened on 15 September 2011. On 22 February 2012, it was officially announced that Big Brother would return to Dreamworld in 2012. Auditions began on 15 March, and took place in all major capital cities, as well as Gold Coast, in April and May 2012. More than twenty thousand people applied to be on the ninth season. The Official Big Brother Australia website reported that 14 housemates would be entering the house after going into lockdown on 4 August.
Format
Big Brother Australia is based on the international Big Brother series produced by Endemol in the Netherlands which began in 1999. The show's name comes from George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), which revolves around a dystopia in which dictator Big Brother is the all-seeing leader. The series generally constitutes 14 or more contestants who live in an isolated house for several months. Housemates are at all times und |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%20Hosken | Fran P. Hosken (1920 in Vienna Austria – 2 February 2006) was an American designer, writer, feminist, and social activist. She founded the Women's International Network in 1975, and published a quarterly journal on women's health issues that became known, in particular, for its research into female genital mutilation (FGM).
Biography
Hosken was born as Franziska Porges in Vienna, where her father was a physician from Bohemia (Brandys nad Labem, Czech Republic), and emigrated with her family to the United States in 1938. She attended Smith College, and in 1944 obtained a master's degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Design, one of the first women to do so. She joined the Coast Guard during the Second World War, working in communications. She married James Hosken in 1947, and founded Hosken, Inc in 1947. They had three children, and divorced in 1962.
Work
Hosken founded Hosken, Inc. with her husband James Hosken in 1947. One of her first projects, a colorful stacking stool, became a commercial and critical success. Their work was distributed by Knoll, Raymor, and Macy's, and was shown at the Chicago Merchandise Mart and the Milan Triennale. Despite early successes, the company closed in 1951.
For many years she published the Women's International Network NEWS (WIN NEWS) which was "BY, FOR & ABOUT WOMEN - a world-wide open participatory communication system by, for and about women of all backgrounds, beliefs, nationalities and age groups." Win News regularly analyzed and critiqued such global issues as the policies of the IMF and the World Bank and their often deleterious effect on women, especially the women of Asia and Africa. She also created and published The CHILDBIRTH PICTURE BOOK(CBPB): A Picture Story of Reproduction from a Woman's View. The Childbirth Picture Book provided basic biological information on reproductive health especially important to young women all over the world and has been "tremendously useful regardless of language or literacy and for women of all ethnic backgrounds; and is highly recommended for family planning education".
It is said that Fran Hosten coined the term Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) and put the issue of FGM on the United Nations agenda. Her report on FGM, The Hosken Report: Genital and Sexual Mutilation of Females (1979), was influential in persuading the international community, including the World Health Organization, to make efforts to end the practice. As a pioneer in speaking out against the practice of Female Genital Mutilation, Ms. Hosken courageously withstood often vicious criticism in defense of the women being subjected to these practices.
Selected works
The Language of Cities: A Visual Introduction to the Form and Function of the City. Schenkman Pub. Co, 1972.
Urban development and Housing in Africa. Hosken, 1973.
The Kathmandu Valley Towns: A Record of Life and Change in Nepal. Weatherhill, 1974.
The Hosken Report: Genital and Sexual Mutilation of Females. Women's International Ne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STR%2C%20Inc | STR, Inc. is a division of CoStar Group that provides market data on the hotel industry worldwide, including supply and demand and market share data. The company has a corporate headquarters in Hendersonville, Tennessee, an international headquarters in London, England and offices in Italy, Dubai, Brazil, Singapore, Tokyo, Jakarta, Sydney, and Beijing.
STR currently tracks 67,000 hotels with over 8 million rooms in 180 countries.
The company is also the publisher of HotelNewsNow, a website with news on the hotel industry, headquartered in Lakewood, Ohio.
It is also the sponsor of the Hotel Data Conference.
History
STR was founded in 1985 as Smith Travel Research by Randell A. Smith and his wife Carolyn Smith from their kitchen table in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.
They developed a database with names, addresses and phone numbers of hotels in the United States to create the Census Database. Randy Smith was contacted by Holiday Inn multiple times and urged to create a market share report.
In 1988, the company launched the first Smith Travel Accommodations Report (STAR), a monthly report that includes data from hotels and measures each property's market share performance against a self-selected competitive set.
In 2008, the company expanded internationally by acquiring HotelBenchmark, a division of Deloitte, and The Bench.
In 2008, the company launched HotelNewsNow, a website with news on the hotel industry.
In 2010, in partnership with Baird, the company launched the Baird / Smith Travel Research Hotel Stock Index, a stock market index which tracks the stock performance of 15 publicly traded companies in the hotel industry.
In 2016, STR acquired LJ Research, a market research agency, which was rebranded as Tourism Consumer Insights. LJ Research was based in Edinburgh, Scotland, and established in 1998. Lynn Jones, who led the Edinburgh and Lothian Tourist Board's research division, created a spin-off company, LJ Research. Two of LJ Research's products were Visitrac, the company's online survey system that is used for customer feedback, and LJ Forecaster, a hotel benchmarking system that monitored trends based on achieved and future performance.
In October 2019, the company was acquired by CoStar Group for $450 million.
References
External links
STR
HotelNewsNow.com
Hotel Data Conference
Latest Hospitality Updates
Real Time Travel Updates
1985 establishments in Tennessee
2019 mergers and acquisitions
American companies established in 1985
American corporate subsidiaries
Companies based in Tennessee
Hospitality companies established in 1985
Travel and holiday companies of the United States
Sumner County, Tennessee
Travel-related organizations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kompas%20TV | PT Cipta Megaswara Televisi, operating as Kompas TV (English: Compass TV), is a national terrestrial private news television network in Indonesia. It is owned by the KG Media unit of Kompas Gramedia Group and is named after its flagship property, the Kompas daily newspaper. Kompas TV was founded in around 2008 and was launched on 9 September 2011 with Simfoni Semesta Raya's performance. Kompas TV's current slogan is "Independent, Reliable" ().
On 28 January 2016, Kompas TV was relaunched as a news-oriented network.
Networks
Hours before the maiden broadcast, the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission stated that Kompas TV did not have a broadcasting license. In response, Kompas TV announced that the channel was merely a content provider and was not required to have a broadcast license because its content could be aired on regional and international channels. Kompas TV started its broadcast through local television networks in some of the Indonesian provinces. The local television networks featured 70% local content and 30% Kompas TV programs. The local TV stations that air the Kompas TV network are:
Other Indonesian cities are expected to follow later by establishing local stations that relay Kompas broadcasts. Since 9 September 2011, Kompas TV has been available through these pay television networks:
First Media
IndiHome
Transvision
Skynindo
K-Vision
MNC Vision
Kompas TV can also be viewed through satellite broadcast from Palapa-D satellite.
Kompas TV Digital
PT Gramedia Nusantara proposed digital TV broadcasting, but the government has postponed approval pending completion of its National TV Digital Broadcasting Policy.
Presenters
Current
Rahmat Ibrahim (former SCTV, TVB Semarang and Kompas TV Jawa Tengah reporter and anchor)
Yasir Nene Ama (former MetroTV reporter)
Timothy Marbun (former Indosiar anchor, also a talk show presenter)
Yan Rahman
Nina Melinda (former TV7 and MetroTV anchor)
Nitia Anisa (also a talk show presenter)
Mercy Tirayoh
Woro Windrati (former Trans TV anchor)
Liviana Cherlisa Latief (former MNCTV anchor)
Frisca Clarissa (also a talk show presenter)
Radi Saputro
Adisty Larasati
Audrey Chandra
Pascalis Iswari (former MetroTV reporter, also an economy presenter)
Cynthia Rompas (former GTV anchor)
Hardjuno Pramundito
Arizona Galih
Glenys Octania (also an economy presenter)
Ihsan Sitorus
Ivo Nasution (former iNews anchor)
Iryanda Mardanuz (also a talk show presenter)
Muhammad Syahreza (former iNews anchor)
Jihan Novita
Valentina Sitorus
Astrid Wibisono (former RCTI anchor)
Ni Luh Puspa
Vidi Batlolone
Gratia Adur
Githa Maharkesri
Tata Novasiliana
Claudia Carla
Edwin Zhan
Imron Fadillah
Asri Gunawan
Cindy Permadi
Fransisco Donasiano
Elgeen Frydianto (also a sports anchor)
Thifal Solesa
Maydop Elfrina
Mysister Tarigan
Rosianna Silalahi (former SCTV anchor) (Rosi)
Budiman Tanuredjo (senior journalist at Kompas) (Satu Meja The Forum)
Bayu Sutiyono (former SCTV and SUN TV anchor)
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dart%20%28programming%20language%29 | Dart is a programming language designed by Lars Bak and Kasper Lund and developed by Google. It can be used to develop web and mobile apps as well as server and desktop applications.
Dart is an object-oriented, class-based, garbage-collected language with C-style syntax. It can compile to machine code, JavaScript, or WebAssembly. It supports interfaces, mixins, abstract classes, reified generics and type inference.
History
Dart was unveiled at the GOTO conference in Aarhus, Denmark, October 10–12, 2011. Lars Bak and Kasper Lund founded the project. Dart 1.0 was released on November 14, 2013.
Dart had a mixed reception at first. Some criticized the Dart initiative for fragmenting the web because of plans to include a Dart VM in Chrome. Those plans were dropped in 2015 with the Dart 1.9 release. Focus changed to compiling Dart code to JavaScript.
Dart 2.0 was released in August 2018 with language changes including a type system.
Dart 2.6 introduced a new extension, dart2native. This extended native compilation to the Linux, macOS, and Windows desktop platforms. Earlier developers could create new tools using only Android or iOS devices. With this extension, developers could deploy a program into self-contained executables. The Dart SDK doesn't need to be installed to run these self-contained executables. The Flutter toolkit integrates Dart, so it can compile on small services like backend support.
Dart 3.0 changed the type system to require sound null safety. This release included new features like records, patterns, and class modifiers. Dart 3 also previewed support for Web Assembly.
Specification
Dart released the 5th edition of its language specification on April 9, 2021. This covers all syntax through Dart 2.10. A draft of the 6th edition includes all syntax through 2.13. Accepted proposals for the specification and drafts of potential features can be found in the Dart language repository on GitHub.
ECMA International formed technical committee, TC52, to standardize Dart. ECMA approved the first edition of the Dart language specification as ECMA-408 in July 2014 at its 107th General Assembly. Subsequent editions were approved in December 2014, June 2015, and December 2015.
Deploying apps
The Dart software development kit (SDK) ships with a standalone Dart runtime. This allows Dart code to run in a command-line interface environment. The SDK includes tools to compile and package Dart apps. Dart ships with a complete standard library allowing users to write fully working system apps like custom web servers.
Developers can deploy Dart apps in six ways:
Deploying to the web
Dart 3 can deploy apps to the web as either JavaScript or WebAssembly apps. WebAssembly support is offered as a preview only .
JavaScript
To run in mainstream web browsers, Dart relies on a source-to-source compiler to JavaScript. This makes Dart apps compatible with all major browsers. Dart optimizes the compiled JavaScript output to avoid expensive checks and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOBILedit | MOBILedit Forensic is a digital forensics product by Compelson Labs that searches, examines and report on data from GSM/CDMA/PCS cell phone devices. MOBILedit connects to cell phone devices via an Infrared (IR) port, a Bluetooth link, Wi-Fi, or a cable interface. After connectivity has been established, the phone model is identified by its manufacturer, model number, and serial number (IMEI) and with a corresponding picture of the phone.
Data acquired from cell phone devices are stored in the .med file format. After a successful logical acquisition, the following fields are populated with data: subscriber information, device specifics, Phonebook, SIM Phonebook, Missed Calls, Last Numbers Dialed, Received Calls, Inbox, Sent Items, Drafts, Files folder. Items present in the Files folder, ranging from Graphics files to Camera Photos and Tones, depend on the phone’s capabilities. Additional features include the myPhoneSafe.com service, which provides access to the IMEI database to register and check for stolen phones.
MOBILedit is a platform that works with a variety of phones and smartphones (a complete list of supported handsets is available on the manufacturer’s website) and explores contents of the phone through a MS Outlook-like folder structure. This allows backup of the information stored on the phone, storing it on a PC or copy data to another phone via Phone Copier feature.
References
External links
nist.gov
mobiledit.com
Digital forensics
Backup software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallery%20East | Gallery East is an art and performance network based in Boston, Massachusetts notable for being one of the first venues to host hardcore punk rock shows for an all-ages audience. Founded in 1979 by Duane Lucia and Al Ford, it closed its location at 24 East St. in 1983, but re-emerged in 2006 as a driving force that continues to support up and coming artists and performers.
History
Early history
Gallery East opened in December 1979 and quickly gained prominence as the home for Boston’s avant-garde and alternative culture. Founded by artist Al Ford and DIY pioneer Duane Lucia, Gallery East occupied a 5000-square-foot storefront at 24 East Street in Boston's Leather District near South Station.
Early shows featured up and coming visual artists such as David Barbero, Al Ford, Armand Saiia, Susan Shup and Pablo Hurtado, with some intermittent music performances by Gary Koepke, Samm Bennett, Paul Shapiro, and others. In the fall of 1980 the gallery expanded its performance programming to include poetry, dance, independent film, performance art, and photography. New young artists included Walter Tamasino, Mark Morrisroe, Steve Stain, Kevin Porter, Pia MacKenzie, Susan Hellewell and Robert Dombrowski.
By late 1980 it was the broad variety of live music that set the gallery apart from other art and performance venues in New England. In November, Wild Stares, Dangerous Birds, and The Neats staged shows at the gallery called Propeller Parties, an endeavor which later led to the founding of Propeller Records. Other bands who played these shows included Mission of Burma, Bound and Gagged, V, and The Stains. Art music, jazz and world sounds were also represented at the gallery with performances by Warren Senders, Raqib Hassan, Tony Vacca, Scott Robinson, Julian Thayer and others. Gallery East began to draw critical acclaim from local media, including the Boston Globe, who called it a "home for the avant-garde."
The Season of the One-Week Art Show
In the spring of 1981, Gallery East began mounting one week shows, which were much shorter than the traditional gallery exhibits in Boston. Sculptor, painter and musician Robert Rutman started things off in May with the "International Art Show". In June, Dark Week, which was described as a "boho free-for-all," featured alt-culture performances such as 24 bands lip syncing their own music, including performances by The Dark, Young Snakes, Red, Birdsongs of the Mesozoic, and Peter Dayton, as well as "The Wonderful World of Jesus" and The Dark's "89 Systems". In July the gallery hosted Polare Levine's work and Pink. Inc. amongst others. August was packed full of performances, including Kick Week, Take It! Magazine Week, and the Boston New York Fellowship Week.
Hardcore punk
In late August 1981, two local bands, SS Decontrol and The Freeze, took the stage at Gallery East and introduced hardcore punk to the city of Boston. It was billed as aggressive music: loud and fast songs lasting 30 seconds. Hand-drawn xer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20Man%3A%20Robot%20Atak | Action Man: Robot Atak is a 2004 American computer-animated superhero film based on the Hasbro toy line Action Man. The film was produced by Arcana Digital and directed by John Moffett, Steven Burch and Chris Woods.
Released to tie-in with the line of Action Man toys released in 2004, Robot Atak was the first in a trilogy of direct-to-video films and was followed by a sequel in 2005, Action Man: X Missions - The Movie.
Plot
The world's leading toxins specialist, Professor Moran, is kidnapped by a villain named No-Face while in disguise as Action Man in order to frame him for the kidnapping. No-Face intends to force Moran to make him a mind control gas. Action Man and Action Force become wanted criminals and their base becomes surrounded by the authorities. No-Face takes Moran to Island X, where he reveals that he has constructed an army of 'X-Robots' which begin terrorising cities across the world. No Face has also began rebuilding Dr. X and brings him back to life as he was previously defeated by Action Man. Action Force escape their base with some of their equipment and vehicles and go on the run whilst battling X-Robots along the way. In one instance, Action Man places a tracker on an X-tank and tracks the robot's location to Island X. Action Force make their way there and later find out about Dr. X and No Face's plan to turn the world's population into their slaves using Moran's mind control gas. After several confrontations and battles, the evil plan is thwarted and the base is destroyed thanks to Flynt redirecting the missiles containing the gas to their launch point. Action Force leave with Moran, though they do not realise that Dr. X and No-Face have survived the explosion.
Cast
Music
The music for the film was composed by Scott Hackwith. The sound was created at Grand Central Studios UK by Adam West.
Release
The film was released direct to home video, with the DVD being given away free as a cover gift with issue #119 of Panini's Action Man comic book (in a regular-sized plastic DVD case) and also with the News of the World newspaper (cardboard slipcase) in 2004. This release differed from that of the film's sequel, which was sold in shops and also received a VHS release. The film was released to tie-in with and promote the 2004 range of Action Man toys, with many of the costumes, vehicles and equipment from that year being seen in the film. All the toys from the range were also displayed on the back of the DVD case. The spelling of the film's title was adjusted to Robot Attack in some regions.
Video game
A tie-in video game of the same name was released on September 24, 2004 for the Game Boy Advance. The game was developed by Magic Pockets and published by Atari.
Gameplay
The game features side-scrolling stages and action and platform-orientated gameplay. In most levels the only playable character is Action Man, but in some stages the player has to change character to Red Wolf, Flint or Kongo in order to progress. There are severa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20the%20Nation%3F | Programming the Nation? is a 2011 feature social documentary written, produced, and directed by Jeff Warrick. The film explores subliminal programming in American mass media.
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times reviewed Programming the Nation? and noted that "Warrick is... rightly concerned by the power of media conglomerates to manipulate the news."
Interviews
Interview subjects included:
Noam Chomsky asserts that “The purpose of the ad is to delude and deceive you with imagery… [The public] will be uninformed and make an irrational choice. That’s what businessmen spend hundreds and millions of dollars a year on…what they want is coercion and control."
August Bullock discusses Sigmund Freud's probing of the subconscious mind, and his postulations about the presence of hidden emotions and drives. According to Bullock, Freud believed the barrier between conscious and subconscious awareness relaxed and through analyzing and interpreting dreams, we could better understand out underlying motivations and emotions and the conflicts caused by them.
Wilson Bryan Key states, "You look at something, smell something, hear something, it's going into your brain at the speed of light... And all being retained..." Key claims that only small bits and fragments of this actually rise to the "conscious surface." Key also claims that Freud warned about "toying" with the subconscious due to its highly unexplored and misunderstood nature, coupled with its capacity to set off unpredictable pathological response.
Dennis Kucinich says, "There should be criminal implications for this kind of behavior, media manipulation” Kucinich states.
Douglas Rushkoff, asserts that Edward Bernays, Freud's nephew, utilized Freudian psychoanalytic theory to provide consumers with substitutes for their carnal urges in the form of a product.
Dr. Eldon Taylor claims that public relations pioneer Edward Bernays, in his 1928 book Propaganda, states that it's "the duty of marketing people to lead an otherwise, unleadable, irrational, free people to making a consensus or a decision that was a responsible decision." Taylor says marketing is founded on manipulation and influence.
Amy Goodman states, “They have a responsibility to bring out full diversity of opinion and to get to the truth, not to bring you news stories that are disguised as their own when they are simply government or corporate propaganda.”
Cast
Screenings
Seattle True Independent Film Festival - June 8, 2010
Carnegie Community Center Vancouver, B.C. - June 12, 2010
St. Pete for Peace Film Series - Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Theatrical Premiere - New York City - August 19–25, 2011
True Crime New York Series: Post 9/11 Universe - Sept. 16, 2011
References
External links
2010 films
2010 documentary films
American documentary films
Documentary films about advertising
Documentary films about the media
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20computer%20magazines%20in%20Spain | This is a list of computer magazines published in Spain.
List of computer magazines
Arroba
CiberSur
Computer Hoy
Gaceta Tecnológica
Hobby consolas
Linux Magazine
Micromanía
Novática
PC Actual
PC Forma
PC Pro
PC World
Linux+
Linux Actual
Linux User
Superjuegos
Todo Linux
Defunct
8000 Plus
Amiga World
Amigos del Amstrad
Amstrad Acción
Amstrad Educativo
Amstrad Mania
Amstrad Personal
Amstrad Sinclair Ocio
Amstrad User
Computer Music
CPC Attack
CPC User
FamilyPC
Megaocio
MicroHobby
Microhobby Amstrad Especial
Microhobby Amstrad Semanal
Mundo Amstrad
PC Magazine
PC Manía
PC Soft
PC User
PC Útil
PC World
PCW Plus
Programación Actual
Programando mi Amstrad
Solo Programadores
Super máquinas
Todo sobre el Amstrad
Tu Micro Amstrad
Users
Xtreme PC
See also
List of magazines in Spain
Computer magazines
Computer magazines published in Spain
Computer magazines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Networked%20advocacy | Networked advocacy or net-centric advocacy refers to a specific type of advocacy. While networked advocacy has existed for centuries, it has become significantly more efficacious in recent years due in large part to the widespread availability of the internet, mobile telephones, and related communications technologies that enable users to overcome the transaction costs of collective action.
The study of networked advocacy draws on interdisciplinary sources, including communication theory, political science, and sociology. Theories of networked advocacy have been heavily influenced by social movement literature, and refer to the preexisting networks used to create and support collective actions and advocacy as well as the networks that such actions and advocacy create.
History and scope of advocacy networks
Examples of formal transnational advocacy networks date back to 1823 with the formation of the Society for the Mitigation and Gradual Abolition of Slavery Throughout the British Dominions. Other examples include the women's movement, the environmental movement, and the anti-landmine movement. However, the number, size, and professionalism of networks, as well as the speed, density and complexity of international linkages between and within them, has grown dramatically since the 1960s. While advocacy networks as a whole have been able to grow in size in recent years, they nonetheless continue to vary in scale individually, with Keck and Sikkink noting that networks may operate transnationally, regionally, or domestically. One of the most important changes in recent decades has been in the ability of less formally organized or professionally run networks to grow and develop. Sometimes these networks eventually take on the characteristics of their more professionally managed counterparts and other times they remain strikingly informal.
Networked advocacy, by its nature, is more likely to be conducted (and to be identified) in a transnational context than a domestic one. But the mistake should not be made of considering only transnational networks of activists to be networked advocacy. A transnational character makes it easier to spot networked advocacy, but an international context is not a prerequisite. Two examples of advocacy networks from different ends of the American political spectrum serve as good illustrations of this point. Tea party activists and the protesters of Code Pink, though advocating for opposing political views, both have a horizontal, loosely connected network structure. Each group comprises smaller nodes dispersed throughout the country that are loosely connected with one another on a national level. These nodes can share lessons, techniques, and even resources, and they occasionally come together for larger conferences or actions. Both of these groups are also primarily focused on U.S. policy, defying the assertion that networked advocacy can only operate in a transnational context.
Elements of networked advocacy
Ima |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20Policy%20Server | Network Policy and Access Services (NPAS) is a component of Windows Server 2008. It replaces the Internet Authentication Service (IAS) from Windows Server 2003. NPAS helps you safeguard the health and security of a network. The NPAS server role includes Network Policy Server (NPS), Health Registration Authority (HRA), and Host Credential Authorization Protocol (HCAP). In Windows Server 2003, IAS is the Microsoft implementation of a Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) server. In Windows Server operating systems later than Windows Server 2003, IAS is renamed to NPS.
Overview
NPS is a role service in Windows Server 2008 which can function as:
RADIUS server
RADIUS proxy
Network Access Protection policy server
Features
NPSEE enables the use of a heterogeneous set of wireless, switch, remote access, or VPN equipment. One can use NPS with the Routing and Remote Access service, which is available in Microsoft Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition; Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition; and Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition.
When a server running NPS is a member of an Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) domain, NPS uses the directory service as its user account database and is part of a single sign-on solution. The same set of credentials is used for network access control (authenticating and authorizing access to a network) and to log on to an AD DS domain.
References
External links
NPS on Microsoft TechNet
Windows Server 2008 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trolleybuses%20in%20Shanghai | The Shanghai trolleybus system is a system of trolleybuses forming part of the public transport network in the city of Shanghai, China. Of more than 300 trolleybus systems in operation worldwide (as of 2011), the Shanghai system is the oldest. The system turned 100 years old in November 2014 and was the first trolleybus system anywhere in the world to reach that milestone.
For many years, the Shanghai system was also one of the largest in the world, once comprising more than 20 routes and more than 900 vehicles in 1994, accounting for 30% of Shanghai's bus ridership. However the system started to decline in scale and service levels in the late 90s and throughout the 2000s with the fleet shrinking to 150 vehicles in 2012. Those smaller figures still make it one of the largest systems in operation outside the former Soviet Union countries. Since then, the trolleybus network is being expanded with a new expanded fleet of 300 trolleybuses for the 12 surviving lines and the introduction of new eBRT lines using trolleybuses in reserved lanes.
History
The system's original operator was the Shanghai Electric Construction Company, which also operated trams in what was then the city's International sector. In its early years, the system had two routes, served by seven vehicles.
The first trolleybus service, which began operation on 15 November 1914, was along Fokien Road (now Fujian Road, or Fujian lu); service along Pekin Road (now Beijing Road, or Beijing lu) was introduced in 1915.
As of 1984, and still in 2003, the two original sections were still covered by portions of existing routes 14 and 16, respectively.
In its first 13 days of operation, the system carried 200,000 passengers, and came to be regarded as eminently suited to Shanghai's busy streets. However, the service then had to be temporarily abandoned while the roads on which they operated were strengthened, as the trolleybuses had been pressing down the surface stones with which the roads were paved.
A major expansion approved by the municipal council in 1924 would soon see the network expand from to , and the company purchased 100 new trolleybuses for this expansion.
As of 1985, more than 40 percent of all passenger journeys on the Shanghai City Transport Company's system were made on trolleybuses, even though trolleybuses only made up about 20 percent of the company's fleet (the remainder were diesel buses). There were 19 trolleybus routes at that time, served by 860 articulated vehicles.
In 1994, the system was reported to comprise more than 20 routes, using a fleet of almost 900 vehicles, but in the subsequent years the route and fleet numbers have been in decline. In the late 90s a citywide road widening scheme demolished the overheads for Lines 9, 12, 16, 18 and 27. Later in the 2000s, Lines 21 and 17 were converted to regular buses in 2005 and 2007 respectively. Lines 11路 (11) and 26路 (26) were converted to super-capacitor buses in 2008 ahead of the Expo 2010. Super-capac |
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