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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocognitron |
The neocognitron is a hierarchical, multilayered artificial neural network proposed by Kunihiko Fukushima in 1979. It has been used for Japanese handwritten character recognition and other pattern recognition tasks, and served as the inspiration for convolutional neural networks.
The neocognitron was inspired by the model proposed by Hubel & Wiesel in 1959. They found two types of cells in the visual primary cortex called simple cell and complex cell, and also proposed a cascading model of these two types of cells for use in pattern recognition tasks.
The neocognitron is a natural extension of these cascading models. The neocognitron consists of multiple types of cells, the most important of which are called S-cells and C-cells. The local features are extracted by S-cells, and these features' deformation, such as local shifts, are tolerated by C-cells. Local features in the input are integrated gradually and classified in the higher layers. The idea of local feature integration is found in several other models, such as the Convolutional Neural Network model, the SIFT method, and the HoG method.
There are various kinds of neocognitron. For example, some types of neocognitron can detect multiple patterns in the same input by using backward signals to achieve selective attention.
See also
Artificial neural network
Deep learning
Pattern recognition
Receptive field
Self-organizing map
Unsupervised learning
Notes
References
Kunihiko Fukushima. "A hierarchical neural network model for selective attention." In Eckmiller, R. & Von der Malsburg, C. eds. Neural computers, Springer-Verlag. pp. 81–90. 1987.
External links
Neocognitron on Scholarpedia
NeoCognitron by Ing. Gabriel Minarik - application (C#) and video
Neocognitron resources at Visiome Platform - includes MATLAB environment
Beholder - a Neocognitron simulator
Artificial neural networks |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEG-Y | The SEG-Y (sometimes SEG Y) file format is one of several standards developed by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) for storing geophysical data. It is an open standard, and is controlled by the SEG Technical Standards Committee, a non-profit organization.
History
The format was originally developed in 1973 to store single-line seismic reflection digital data on magnetic tapes. The specification was published in 1975.
The format and its name evolved from the SEG "Ex" or Exchange Tape Format. However, since its release, there have been significant advancements in geophysical data acquisition, such as 3-dimensional seismic techniques and high speed, high capacity recording.
The most recent revision of the SEG-Y format was published in 2017, named the rev 2.0 specification. It still features certain legacies of the original format (referred as rev 0), such as an optional SEG-Y tape label, the main 3200 byte textual EBCDIC character encoded tape header and a 400 byte binary header.
Data structure
This image shows the byte stream structure of a SEG-Y file, with rev 1 Extended Textual File Header records.
Since the first SEG-Y standard was published, many companies dealing with seismic data have produced variants of the SEG-Y standard which have run contrary to the aims of defining a standard for universal interchange, thus generally causing confusion and delay when data received by a company in expected SEG-Y format turns out to be a variant of that format. Initially, many of these derived from the fact that the format was based on the de facto standard of using IBM computers for digital processing where character data was coded in EBCDIC and number data in IBM Floating Point, whereas processing systems in use quickly evolved based on ASCII character and IEEE number representations.
Even before the SEG-Y standard was agreed and published, earlier seismic data format standards published by the SEG such as SEG-A, SEG-B and SEG-C were modified by seismic acquisition companies, though not to the wide extent that the SEG-Y format has been modified by seismic acquisition and processing companies and oil companies using their own inhouse software.
As magnetic tape technology developed, the original SEG-Y format using individual small data blocks for each distinct seismic trace became very inefficient in terms of tape performance so the first and subsequent revisions allowed for larger tape data blocks containing many individual traces.
There have been many suggestions for including different kinds of metadata within the standard over the years, since when the standard was first proposed the processes of acquisition and processing were technologically much simpler.
For example geographical positioning information either real world or relative wasn't stored in the trace header at acquisition or final processing whereas it is routine today.
However, the relative simplicity of the SEG-Y format has meant that it has worked well for intercha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speedball%202%3A%20Brutal%20Deluxe | Speedball 2: Brutal Deluxe is a 1990 video game based on a violent futuristic cyberpunk sport that draws on elements of handball and ice hockey, and rewards violent play as well as goals. The concept of the game is very reminiscent of the 1975 film Rollerball. The original game was developed by Bitmap Brothers, with various remakes for many platforms since being published. It is a sequel to the 1988 game Speedball.
The game was released for multiple platforms: the Acorn Archimedes, Atari Jaguar, Atari ST, Amiga, Amiga CD32, IBM PC compatibles, Commodore 64, Mega Drive, Master System, Game Boy and Game Boy Advance. The first version was simultaneously developed and released for the Amiga and the Atari ST in 1990.
Plot
According to the game's story, the first Speedball league (founded in 2095) fails due to violence and corruption. As the organisation gives rise to anarchy, the game is forced underground. But five years later, in an attempt to regain public interest, Speedball 2 is born. The game starts in 2105 with the emergence of a new team, Brutal Deluxe.
Gameplay
Speedball 2 makes several changes over the original Speedball. Each team has nine players on court rather than five, and targets on the floor and walls can be hit for bonus points. The number of points that a team receives for scoring a goal is normally 10, but can be increased to 15 or 20 via the use of score multipliers located on the walls of the pitch. The same number of points for scoring a goal is given for injuring a player from the opposing team. When a player is injured, he is replaced by one of three substitutes. If all three substitutes are injured, the injured player will be forced to return to the game and play on in spite of his injuries. There are five game modes: knockout, cup, league, practice and multiplayer. Each game lasts for 180 seconds, divided into two halves.
Reception
Speedball 2 is one of Bitmap Brothers' most successful titles. Zzap, CU Amiga and Computer and Video Games scored the game highly. The music, written by Simon Rogers and remixed and coded by Richard Joseph, won the 1991 Golden Joystick Award for Best Soundtrack. The voices, including the 'Ice Cream' salesman, were voiced by sometime Richard Joseph collaborator Michael Burdett working under the pseudonym Jams O'Donnell. The game was voted the 3rd best game of all time in Amiga Power.
In 1994, PC Gamer US named Speedball 2 the 24th best computer game ever. The editors wrote, "You just can't beat this game for pure action." That same year, PC Gamer UK named it the 30th best computer game of all time, calling it "totally convincing and very stylish".
In 1998, PC Gamer declared it the 40th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "still one of the funnest sports games out there".
Speedball 2 has sold over two million copies.
Remakes
Various remakes of Speedball 2 have been released.
Speedball 2100
Speedball 2100, released only for the PlayStation, is a 3D version of Spe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Warren%20%28inventor%29 | David Ronald de Mey Warren (20 March 192519 July 2010) was an Australian scientist, best known for inventing and developing the flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder (also known as FDR, CVR and "the black box").
Early life
Warren was born to Rev Hubert and Ellie Warren and had three siblings. He was born on a remote mission station on Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory, the first white child born on the island. He was educated at Launceston Church Grammar School and Trinity Grammar School, New South Wales. His father died in the crash of the de Havilland D.H.86 Miss Hobart over the Bass Strait in 1934.
He earned a Bachelor of Science degree with Honours from the University of Sydney, a PhD in fuels and energy from Imperial College London, a Diploma of Imperial College, and a Diploma of Education from the University of Melbourne.
Career
Summary
1944–46 – Teacher of mathematics and chemistry, Geelong Grammar School, Victoria.
1947–48 – Lecturer in chemistry, University of Sydney.
1948–51 – Scientific Officer, Woomera Rocket Range and Imperial College, London.
1952–83 – Principal Research Scientist, Aeronautical Research Laboratories, Melbourne, (now part of the Defence Science and Technology Organisation).
1981–82 – Scientific Adviser (Energy) to the Victorian State Parliament.
Warren worked at what are now the Defence Science and Technology Organisation's Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Melbourne from 1952 to 1983, rising to the level of principal research scientist. While there, he came up with the idea for the cockpit voice recorder while investigating a crash of the world's first commercial jet airliner, the Comet, in 1953, after seeing a miniature voice recorder at a trade show. "If a businessman had been using one of these in the plane and we could find it in the wreckage and we played it back, we'd say, 'We know what caused this.'", Warren later recalled. "Any sounds that were relevant to what was going on would be recorded and you could take them from the wreckage."
While devices had been previously used to record certain flight parameters, they did not include voice recording, and were not reusable, and therefore were not practical for routine commercial flights. Warren's invention, which relied on magnetic recording media, allowed easy erasing and re-recording, which made it practical for routine line service. Warren's concept of cockpit voice recording added a new dimension to instrument data in flight recorders, and has proved extremely valuable for accident investigation. Some accidents where the CVR played a prominent role were solved not by the crew's recorded voices, but by other sounds incidentally recorded on the CVR, which provided a vital clue to the accident cause.
Committees, honours, awards and recognition
Warren was the chair of the Combustion Institute (Aust & NZ Section) for 25 years (1958–83), the founding chair of the Morris Minor Car Club of Victoria (1977-2002), as well as committee me |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Monaco%20GP | is a Formula One racing simulation video game released by Sega, originally as a Sega X Board arcade game in 1989, followed by ports for multiple video game consoles and home computers in the early 1990s. It is the sequel to the 1979 arcade game Monaco GP. The arcade game consists of one race, the Monaco Grand Prix, but later ports added more courses and game modes based on the 1989 Formula One World Championship.
The original concept for Super Monaco GP came from Hisao Oguchi, who was at the time a game planner with Sega. The arcade game contained parodies of actual brands that were sponsors in Formula One, which led to a lawsuit from Philip Morris over advertising of tobacco products. Shortly after the arcade game launch, Super Monaco GP was ported to Sega's video game consoles, the Genesis, Game Gear, and Master System. British developer U.S. Gold published ports for home computers.
The arcade game was a major worldwide hit; in Japan, it was the third highest-grossing arcade game of 1989 and then the highest-grossing dedicated arcade game of 1990. The arcade and Genesis versions received positive reviews from critics, focused on the game's graphics and playability. Ports for 8-bit systems ranged from mixed to generally favorable depending on the platforms, with the conversions less well received for their difficulty and differences in gameplay.
Gameplay
In the arcade version of Super Monaco GP, the game is a simulation of the Monaco Grand Prix, although the actual Circuit de Monaco is replaced by a fictional track that includes many features of the actual circuit. Players must qualify for the race around a short circuit before playing the main race; failing to complete the lap before the 45-second timer ends results in a Game Over. Performance on the practice lap will determine the player's starting grid position. The race is then played against 19 computer controlled drivers, and players have to maintain above a position limit which counts down, or else the game ends. Completing the race in third place or better allows the player to race again in wet conditions.
Each race consists of three laps on the main track. Before a race begins, the player has selection of the car's transmission, among an automatic, 4-speed manual, and 7-speed manual. Players control their car with a steering wheel and shift with plates mounted behind the wheel, in a similar system to cars made by Ferrari. Acceleration and braking are handled by pedals. The top 20% of the game screen serves like a rear-view mirror, allowing players to see behind their car.
In the arcades, up to eight cabinets are able to be linked via Sega's "Power Link" cable. In addition to the arcade mode, the Sega Genesis version adds a World Championship mode to the gameplay. In the mode, players race against computer-controlled opponents across racetracks including Brands Hatch and Hockenheimring, encompassing all of the tracks of the 1989 Formula One World Championship. The goal of th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BALL | BALL (Biochemical Algorithms Library) is a C++ class framework and set of algorithms and data structures for molecular modelling and computational structural bioinformatics, a Python interface to this library, and a graphical user interface to BALL, the molecule viewer BALLView.
BALL has evolved from a commercial product into free-of-charge open-source software licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL). BALLView is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL) license.
BALL and BALLView have been ported to the operating systems Linux, macOS, Solaris, and Windows.
The molecule viewer BALLView, also developed by the BALL project team, is a C++ application of BALL using Qt, and OpenGL with the real-time ray tracer RTFact as render back-ends. For both, BALLView offers three-dimensional and stereoscopic visualizing in several different modes, and applying directly the algorithms of the BALL library via its graphical user interface.
The BALL project is developed and maintained by groups at Saarland University, Mainz University, and University of Tübingen. Both the library and the viewer are used for education and research. BALL packages have been made available in the Debian project.
Key features
Interactive molecular drawing and conformational editing
Reading and writing of molecular file formats (PDB, MOL2, MOL, HIN, XYZ, KCF, SD, AC)
Reading secondary data sources e.g. (DCD, DSN6, GAMESS, JCAMP, SCWRL, TRR)
Generating molecules from and matching of SMILES- and SMARTS expressions to molecules
Geometry optimization
Minimizer and molecular dynamics classes
Support for force fields (MMFF94, AMBER, CHARMM) for scoring and energy minimization
Python interface and scripting functionality
Plugin infrastructure (3D Space-Navigator)
Molecular graphics (3D, stereoscopic viewing)
comprehensive documentation (Wiki, code snippets, online class documentation, bug tracker)
comprehensive regression tests
BALL project format for presentations and collaborative data exchange
NMR
editable shortcuts
BALL library
BALL is a development framework for structural bioinformatics. Using BALL as a programming toolbox allows greatly reducing application development times and helps ensure stability and correctness by avoiding often error-prone reimplementation of complex algorithms and replacing them with calls into a library that has been tested by many developers.
File import-export
BALL supports molecular file formats including PDB, MOL2, MOL, HIN, XYZ, KCF, SD, AC, and secondary data sources like DCD, DSN6, GAMESS, JCAMP, SCWRL, and TRR. Molecules can also be created using BALL's peptide builder, or based on SMILES expressions.
General structure analysis
Further preparation and structure validation is enabled by, e.g., Kekuliser-, Aromaticity-, Bondorder-, HBond-, and Secondary Structure processors. A Fragment Library automatically infers missing information, e.g., a protein's hydrogens or bonds. A Rotamer Library allows determ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mega%20Turrican | Mega Turrican is a run and gun video game, developed by Factor 5 in 1993 and marketed by Data East in 1994. Part of the Turrican series, it was designed for the Mega Drive/Genesis, and later followed by an Amiga port converted by Kaiko and Neon Studios under the title of Turrican 3: Payment Day. Despite not being the original, the Amiga version was the one that was first commercially released in 1993, published by Rainbow Arts in Germany and Renegade in the rest of Europe. The Mega Drive version did not have a publisher and stayed unreleased from spring 1993 until 1994, when Data East took over its worldwide distribution. Data East itself released the game in North America, and contracted Sony Imagesoft for the game's distribution in Europe.
The Mega Drive version of the game was re-released on the Wii's Virtual Console service in Europe and Australia on March 22, 2008 and on April 14, 2008 in North America. It was also released once again for the Mega Drive/Genesis in 2022 as Mega Turrican: Director's Cut, an aftermarket cartridge containing the original game, a new variant with some restored content and a score attack level.
Plot
Time has passed since humankind last heard of The Machine. Bren McGuire is on a United Planets Freedom Forces mission when suddenly he sees his worst nightmares come true again. Years ago, he was the only survivor of the starship Avalon 1 when The Machine took out his comrades in an attempt to take over the galaxy. Back then, Bren sought revenge against his enemy and finally destroyed him in the planet of Landorin. Nobody expected a return of The Machine, but now, after many people enjoyed freedom and peace in the galaxy, the dark forces under his command are starting to assemble again.
In a sweep of terror, The Machine destroys dozens of planets and enslaves hundreds of peaceful people. The old memories arise again when Bren hears the last message of a young and beautiful girl. Desperately she cries for help, as her planet is being taken over by the soldiers of The Machine. As Bren receives the message, he slips into his Turrican assault suit and swears final revenge.
Once again, Bren McGuire, now the leader of the Freedom Forces, is the only hope in a crucial mission to definitely destroy the grasp of evil represented by The Machine. A lone warrior against the evil hordes of The Machine, Bren jumps out of his ship to face the ultimate challenge.
Gameplay
The player has to complete numerous large levels always searching for secrets to pick up and enemies to shoot. To do this, the player can pick up three different, upgradeable shots: a "Multiple" spread gun, a more powerful, single-direction "Laser" and a "Rebound", which fires shots directly up and down that travel along floors and ceilings, while the main forward-firing shot is weaker. He can also go into wheel-mode by pressing jump while holding down on the D-Pad (as long as the player has enough special energy) and use a rope. In wheel-mode, the player is nea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FXR | FXR may refer to:
Farnesoid X receptor
Foxer, a World War II torpedo countermeasure
F. X. Reid, pseudonym of British computer science academic Mike W. Shields |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal%20anti-aliasing | Temporal anti-aliasing (TAA) is a spatial anti-aliasing technique for computer-generated video that combines information from past frames and the current frame to remove jaggies in the current frame. In TAA, each pixel is sampled once per frame but in each frame the sample is at a different location within the pixel. Pixels sampled in past frames are blended with pixels sampled in the current frame to produce an anti-aliased image.
TAA compared to MSAA
Prior to the development of TAA, MSAA was the dominant anti-aliasing technique. MSAA samples (renders) each pixel multiple times at different locations within the frame and averages the samples to produce the final pixel value. In contrast, TAA samples each pixel only once per frame, but it samples the pixels at a different locations in different frames. This makes TAA faster than MSAA. In parts of the picture without motion, TAA effectively computes MSAA over multiple frames and achieves the same quality as MSAA with lower computational cost.
TAA compared to FXAA
TAA and FXAA both sample each pixel only once per frame, but FXAA does not take into account pixels sampled in past frames, so FXAA is simpler and faster but can not achieve the same image quality as TAA or MSAA.
Implementation
Sampling the pixels at a different position in each frame can be achieved by adding a per-frame "jitter" when rendering the frames. The "jitter" is a 2D offset that shifts the pixel grid, and its X and Y magnitude are between 0 and 1.
When combining pixels sampled in past frames with pixels sampled in the current frame, care needs to be taken to avoid blending pixels that contain different objects, which would produce ghosting or motion-blurring artifacts. Different implementation of TAA have different ways of achieving this. Possible methods include:
Using motion vectors from the game engine to perform motion compensation before blending.
Limiting (clamping) the final value of a pixel by the values of pixels surrounding it.
TAA compared to DLSS
Nvidia's DLSS operates on similar principles to TAA. Like TAA, it uses information from past frames to produce the current frame. Unlike TAA, DLSS does not sample every pixel in every frame. Instead, it samples different pixels in different frames and uses pixels sampled in past frames to fill in the unsampled pixels in the current frame. DLSS uses machine learning to combine samples in the current frame and past frames, and it can be thought of as an advanced TAA implementation.
See also
Multisample anti-aliasing
Fast approximate anti-aliasing
Deep learning super sampling
Deep learning anti-aliasing
Supersampling
Deinterlacing
References
Anti-aliasing algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20Support%20Program | System Support Program (SSP) was the operating system of the IBM System/34 and System/36 minicomputers. SSP was a command-based operating system released in 1977.
History
SSP originally contained 60 or so commands that were implemented on the System/34 from 1977 to 1983 in different versions called releases. Release 1 was issued with the original S/34 in 1977. Release 9 was issued in 1981. In 1983, IBM repackaged SSP on a new computer called the IBM System/36, which was not object-code compatible with the S/34. In 1994, IBM repackaged SSP on an updated model of the S/36 called the Advanced/36. The A/36 was an IBM AS/400 which had the SSP implemented as a "virtual machine".
Major releases of SSP include:
S/34
S/34 Release 1.0 – this was shipped with the first S/34 in 1977.
S/34 Release 8.0 – this seems to have been issued about 1980.
S/34 Release 9.0 – this was the last release for the S/34 c.1980.
S/36
S/36 Release 1.0 – this was apparently shipped with the first S/36 in 1983.
S/36 Release 2.0 – this release supported the 8809-tape drive.
S/36 Release 4.0 – this was the release where S/36 was given 5 job queues.
S/36 Release 5.1 – this 1988 release was the last major change on 536X platforms.
S/36 Release 6.0 – also known as the VASP or Value-Added Support Product, this release added functionality that allowed program calls in RPG, and it also provided software to calculate the size AS/400 that the user would need when upgrading. The VASP was controversial. Rumours circulated in the industry papers that the customer could not go back to 5.1 if 6.0 did not function adequately. Program calls with RPG CALL/PARM were inferior to RPGIII designs and inferior to customer add-on products.
S/36 Release 7.1 – this 1994 release was shipped with the Advanced/36 (9402-236 models). The first A/36 machines would not function on a lower release and were also incompatible with 7.5 (while technically, true, program object code from a 7.1 machine would run on a 7.5 and vice versa, plus many 9402-236's were upgraded to 9402-436, which they changed out the motherboard and installed some new LIC code and you restored on a copy of your files and voila, it all worked). Rumours circulated that stated prior release compilers would not function on the Advanced/36, but they proved unfounded. There were reasons a programmer would rather use the 5.1 RPGII compiler instead of the presumably more advanced 7.x compiler.
S/36 Release 7.5 – this 1995 release was shipped with the second and final wave of the Advanced/36 (9402-436). Functions like WRKSYSVL allowed the operator to change the system time on the fly, which was interesting because customer add-ons to do this through assembler subroutines did not function on the Advanced/36. However, assembler routines to do things like open/close files, retrieve the VTOC, etc. functioned just fine on 7.1 and 7.5
Guest/36 – this is Release 7.5, but you could set up an M36 (a guest) on an AS/400 (running OS/400 V3R6 thru |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%207-track | IBM's first magnetic-tape data storage devices, introduced in 1952, use what is now generally known as 7-track tape. The magnetic tape is wide, and there are six data tracks plus one parity track for a total of seven parallel tracks that span the length of the tape. Data is stored as six-bit characters, with each bit of the character and the additional parity bit stored in a different track.
These tape drives were mechanically sophisticated floor-standing drives that used vacuum columns to buffer long U-shaped loops of tape. Between active control of powerful reel motors and vacuum control of these U-shaped tape loops, extremely rapid start and stop of the tape at the tape-to-head interface could be achieved. When active, the two tape reels thus fed tape into or pulled tape out of the vacuum columns, intermittently spinning in rapid, unsynchronized bursts resulting in visually striking action. Stock shots of such vacuum-column tape drives in motion were widely used to represent "the computer" in films and television.
Technical details
Density Initial recording density was 100 characters per inch. Later models supported 200, 556 and 800 characters per inch.
Inter-record gap A gap (initially one inch, later 3/4 inch) between records allowed the mechanism time to start and stop the tape.
Latency There was only a 1.5 ms delay for the stopped tape to reach its full reading or writing speed.
Markers Aluminum strips were glued several feet from the ends of the tape to serve as logical beginning and end of tape markers.
Write protection A removable plastic ring in the back of the tape reel was inserted to indicate that writing should be permitted.
Generations
IBM 726
The IBM 726 dual magnetic tape reader/recorder for the IBM 701 was announced on May 21, 1952.
IBM 727
The IBM 727 Magnetic Tape Unit was announced for the IBM 701 and IBM 702 on September 25, 1953. It became IBM's standard tape drive for their vacuum tube era computer systems. It was withdrawn on May 12, 1971.
IBM 728
The IBM 728 magnetic tape drive was used on the SAGE AN/FSQ-7 computer. It was physically similar to the IBM 727, but with significantly different specifications.
tracks: 6 data, 1 synchronization,
words: 6 chars (32 data bits, 1 parity bit, 3 end-of-file bits),
words/inch: 41.33.
IBM 729
The IBM 729 Magnetic Tape Unit was IBM's iconic tape mass storage system from the late 1950s through the mid-1960s. It was used on late 700, most 7000 and many 1400 series computers. A new dual gap head assembly allowed read-after-write verification.
IBM 7330
The IBM 7330 Magnetic Tape Unit was a low cost slower tape system. It was common on 1400 series computers.
IBM 2400 Series
The 2400 Series Magnetic Tape Units were introduced with the System/360. Most were IBM 9 Track format drives, but they could be ordered with seven-track read/write heads, allowing them to read and write seven-track tapes.
Legacy
As of 2020, IBM still sells magnetic tape cartridge drives using h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fundamental%20sequence | The mathematical term fundamental sequence can refer to:
In analysis, Cauchy sequence.
In discrete mathematics and computer science, Unary coding.
In set theory, a fundamental sequence for an ordinal is a sequence of ordinals approaching the limit ordinal from below. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20active%20Russian%20Navy%20ships | This list of active Russian Navy ships presents a picture which can never be fully agreed upon in the absence of greater data availability and a consistent standard for which ships are considered operational or not. The Soviet Navy, and the Russian Navy which inherited its traditions, had a different attitude to operational status than many Western navies. Ships went to sea less and maintained capability for operations while staying in harbor.
The significant changes which followed the collapse of the Soviet Union then complicated the picture enormously. Determining which ships are operational or in refit can be difficult. Jane's Fighting Ships has noted in one of its 1999-2000 editions that some ships have little capability, but remain flying an ensign so that crews are entitled to be paid.
Jane's Fighting Ships online edition, dated 8 March 2010, added "There are large numbers of most classes 'in reserve', and flying an ensign so that skeleton crews may still be paid. [Their listing reflected] only those units assessed as having some realistic operational capability or some prospect of returning to service after refit."
During the 2010s there was a shift toward the production and introduction of modern light units to begin to replace large numbers of obsolescent corvettes, missile boats and mine counter-measures ships from the Soviet-era. In addition, there has been a renewed emphasis on submarine production with the introduction of nuclear-powered ballistic missile, nuclear-powered cruise missile as well as new classes of conventionally-powered attack submarines. This trend is forecast as likely to continue through the 2020s.
Fleets
Northern Fleet (NF) - Severomorsk
Pacific Fleet (PF) - Fokino, Primorsky Krai
Black Sea Fleet (BSF) - Sevastopol
Baltic Fleet (BF) - Kaliningrad
Caspian Flotilla (CF) - Astrakhan
Ships and submarines in service
(summary, 420 ships total)
1 Aircraft carrier
2 Battlecruisers
2 Cruisers
10 Destroyers
11 Frigates
82 Corvettes
20 Landing ship tanks
40 Landing craft
18 Special-purpose ships
4 Patrol ships
118 Patrol boats
46 Mine countermeasures vessels
12 Ballistic missile submarines
10 Cruise missile submarines
14 Nuclear attack submarines
22 Diesel attack submarines
8 Special-purpose submarines
Aircraft carrier
Battlecruisers
Cruisers
Destroyers
Frigates
Corvettes
Landing ships
Landing craft
Special-purpose ships
Patrol ships
Patrol boats
Mine countermeasures
Ballistic missile submarines
Cruise missile submarines
Nuclear attack submarines
Conventional attack submarines
Special-purpose submarines
Auxiliaries
Ships and submarines planned or under construction
(summary, 62 ships total)
2 Amphibious assault ships
6 Frigates
24 Corvettes
2 Landing ships
2 Special-purpose ships
4 Patrol ships
1 Patrol boat
4 Mine countermeasures vessels
4 Ballistic missile submarines
5 Cruise missile submarines
6 Diesel attack submarines
2 Special-purpose submarines
Amphibious assaul |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Steiglitz | Kenneth Steiglitz is a Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. He was born in Weehawken, New Jersey on January 30, 1939. He received his Doctor of Engineering Science from New York University in 1963. In 1997 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
Steiglitz has been teaching at Princeton University since 1963. His current research interests include Alternative models of computation, computing with solitons; auction theory and applications, agent-based market simulation. He is Director of the Program in Applications of Computing.
Steiglitz is a Fellow of the IEEE and ACM and has received numerous awards. In June 2007, he was named Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science.
In 2018 he was named Senior Scholar.
References
Bibliography
Introduction to Discrete Systems, John Wiley, New York, New York, 1974.
A DSP Primer, with Applications to Digital Audio & Computer Music, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1996.
Combinatorial Optimization: Algorithms and Complexity (with C. H. Papadimitriou), Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1982 (& 1998)
Snipers, shills, & sharks: eBay and human behavior, Princeton University Press, 2007.
The Discrete Charm of the Machine: Why the World Became Digital, Princeton University Press 2019
https://www.universitypressbooks.com/book/9780691179438
External links
Personal website, which includes his publications
Powells.com technica q&a interview with Ken Steiglitz (from June 2007)
https://blog.press.princeton.edu/2019/03/04/ken-steiglitz-its-the-number-of-zeroes-that-counts/ Blog post about 2019 book
https://dof.princeton.edu/about/clerk-faculty/emeritus/kenneth-steiglitz
https://blog.press.princeton.edu/2019/02/12/ken-steiglitz-on-the-discrete-charm-of-the-machine/
https://www.universitypressbooks.com/book/9780691179438
1939 births
Living people
Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
People from Weehawken, New Jersey
Princeton University faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Parall%C3%A8le | Radio Parallèle was XM Satellite Radio's French-language men's talk radio channel, located on XM channel 156. The channel was produced by XM Radio Canada, though the programming, as well as the near-totality of the shows aired, were done from the Radio Pirate.com studios out of Quebec City, Quebec, owned by morning-man Jeff Fillion.
After a one-season hiatus in 2009-2010, live French-language broadcasts of the Montreal Canadiens (both home and away) games are back on this channel. The regular programming is then suspended to air the matches, from CKAC's feed. On August 15, 2011, this channel was replaced by Voices Radio, a coast-to-coast showcase of Canadian music of various styles.
Franc Parler (November 17, 2005-April 16, 2006)
The French-language channel debuted as Franc Parler on XM Satellite Radio (It was an XM Radio Canada startup offering. XM Canada stations also air on XM's main USA service). Franc Parler began as a men's lifestyle and sports talk channel. It soon evolved into a sports format and the channel was renamed SportsPlus to reflect the obvious.
SportPlus (April 17, 2006-April 8, 2007)
SportsPlus added a new dimension when it began airing the French over-the-air broadcasts of National Hockey League play-by-play of the Montreal Canadiens games from flagship station CKAC in Montreal. (XM Radio owns the rights to broadcast National Hockey League games and had already been airing most Canadiens games in English within the NHL XM channel range. XM Canada/SportsPlus actually had made an unsuccessful bid to be the flagship station to grab exclusive radio rights to the Canadiens.)
XM172 quickly developed into full-time sports talk format, with original programming of three programs: a morning, noon, and afternoon show, as well as some original weekend programs. It continued to evolve and later added a live show to wrap around Canadien nighttime hockey games. That show, aired live until midnight Eastern time and would take phone calls emanating from Canada and the U.S. Former Canadiens player Benoît Brunet became a primary hockey analyst for the station. Additionally, more live sports were added, including QUFL, & USL, as well as the Ottawa Senators NHL French broadcasts.
On August 11, 2006, XM signed controversial shock jock Jeff Fillion, formerly involved in the CHOI-FM license renewal controversy, to host a daily morning program on SportPlus. His show, who was already on air on his internet radio station before being contracted by XM Radio Canada, was the only one aired from Quebec City, while the rest of the programming was produced from the XM Radio Canada studios in Montréal.
However, due to budget issues, XM Radio Canada decided, on March 22, 2007, to release the sporting staff at SportPlus. The station was then rebranded as Radio Parallèle.
Radio Parralèle (April 9, 2007-August 11, 2011)
Lists of shows aired
Le Doom Show, with Dominique Dumas
Jeff Le Pirate, with Jeff Fillion, Yves Landry, and others
Yves Landry, by |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux | Linux ( ) is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991, by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged as a Linux distribution (distro), which includes the kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses and recommends the name "GNU/Linux" to emphasize the use and importance of GNU software in many distributions, causing some controversy.
Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora Linux, Arch Linux and Ubuntu. Commercial distributions include Red Hat Enterprise Linux and SUSE Linux Enterprise. Desktop Linux distributions include a windowing system such as X11 or Wayland, and a desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Distributions intended for servers may omit graphics altogether, or include a solution stack such as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any purpose.
Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of the Linux-based Android on smartphones, Linux, including Android, has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems, . Although Linux is, , used by only around 2.6 percent of desktop computers, the Chromebook, which runs the Linux kernel-based ChromeOS, dominates the US K–12 education market and represents nearly 20 percent of sub-$300 notebook sales in the US. Linux is the leading operating system on servers (over 96.4% of the top 1 million web servers' operating systems are Linux), leads other big iron systems such as mainframe computers, and is used on all of the world's 500 fastest supercomputers (, having gradually displaced all competitors).
Linux also runs on embedded systems, i.e. devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system. This includes routers, automation controls, smart home devices, video game consoles, televisions (Samsung and LG Smart TVs), automobiles (Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Hyundai and Toyota), and spacecraft (Falcon 9 rocket, Dragon crew capsule and the Perseverance rover).
Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source software collaboration. The source code may be used, modified and distributed commercially or non-commercially by anyone under the terms of its respective licenses, such as the GNU General Public License (GPL). The Linux kernel, for example, is licensed under the GPLv2, with an exception for system calls that allows code that calls the kernel via system calls not to be licensed under the GPL.
History
Precursors
The Unix operating system was conceived and implemented in 1969, at AT&T's Bell Labs, in the United States by Ken Thompson, Den |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual%20Basic%20%28classic%29 | The original Visual Basic (also referred to as Classic Visual Basic) is a third-generation event-driven programming language from Microsoft known for its Component Object Model (COM) programming model first released in 1991 and declared legacy during 2008. Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use. Visual Basic was derived from BASIC and enables the rapid application development (RAD) of graphical user interface (GUI) applications, access to databases using Data Access Objects, Remote Data Objects, or ActiveX Data Objects, and creation of ActiveX controls and objects.
A programmer can create an application using the components provided by the Visual Basic program itself. Over time the community of programmers developed third-party components. Programs written in Visual Basic can also make use of the Windows API, which requires external functions declarations.
The final release was version 6 in 1998. On April 8, 2008, Microsoft stopped supporting Visual Basic 6.0 IDE. The Microsoft Visual Basic team still maintains compatibility for Visual Basic 6.0 applications through its "It Just Works" program on supported Windows operating systems.
In 2014, some software developers still preferred Visual Basic 6.0 over its successor, Visual Basic .NET. Visual Basic 6.0 was selected as the most dreaded programming language by respondents of Stack Overflow's annual developer survey in 2016, 2017, and 2018.
A dialect of Visual Basic, Visual Basic for Applications (VBA), is used as a macro or scripting language within several Microsoft and ISV applications, including Microsoft Office.
Language features
Like the BASIC programming language, Visual Basic was designed to have an easy learning curve. Programmers can create both simple and complex GUI applications.
Programming in VB is a combination of visually arranging components or controls on a form, specifying attributes and actions for those components, and writing additional lines of code for more functionality. Since VB defines default attributes and actions for the components, a programmer can develop a simple program without writing much code. Programs built with earlier versions suffered performance problems, but faster computers and native code compilation has made this less of an issue. Though VB programs can be compiled into native code executables from version 5 on, they still require the presence of around 1 MB of runtime libraries. Core runtime libraries are included by default in Windows 2000 and later, but extended runtime components still have to be installed. Earlier versions of Windows (95/98/NT), require that the runtime libraries be distributed with the executable.
Forms are created using drag-and-drop techniques. A tool is used to place controls (e.g., text boxes, buttons, etc.) on the form (window). Controls have attributes and event handlers associated with them. Default values are provided when the control is created, but may be changed by the programm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSJP%20%28AM%29 | WSJP (1640 AM) is a radio station licensed to Sussex, Wisconsin and owned by Relevant Radio. It broadcasts Catholic-based religious programming; along with WSJP-FM (100.1), it is one of two Relevant Radio stations in the Milwaukee metropolitan area.
History
WSJP began as the "expanded band" twin to a station broadcasting on the standard AM band, which originally signed on in 1979 as WCQL (Waukesha County Quality Listening), a highly directional daytime-only station licensed to Pewaukee at 1370 AM. After a failure to generate adequate ratings or revenue, the station's owners, George and Mary Scoufis, experimented with a contemporary Christian music format in the early 1980s until it was sold to a group of investors. Those investors turned the station into a 24-hour station (requiring the change in community of license to Sussex), changed the call letters to WGNW and launched a news-talk format. However the low power prevented the station from ever seriously competing against powerhouses like WTMJ and WISN.
In 1985, the owners ended the news talk format, and entered into a local marketing agreement with Wisconsin Petra Productions, which changed the call letters to WKSH, re-branded the station as KS-14 and programmed a Christian rock music format. Later, a group called Heir Force Ministries operated the station for a number of years. In the 1990s the station's programming was taken over by Life Message who changed the format to a more conservative mix of teaching and inspirational music.
Expanded Band assignment
On March 17, 1997 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) announced that eighty-eight stations had been given permission to move to newly available "Expanded Band" transmitting frequencies, ranging from 1610 to 1700 kHz, with WKSH authorized to move from 1370 kHz to 1640 kHz. The FCC's initial policy was that both the original station and its expanded band counterpart could operate simultaneously for up to five years, after which owners would have to turn in one of the two licenses, depending on whether they preferred the new assignment or elected to remain on the original frequency. The new station on 1640 AM was originally assigned the call sign WAZI. On August 10, 1998 the two stations swapped call letters, with WKSH going to 1640 AM, and WAZI transferred to 1370 AM. On December 15, 1999, the license for 1370 AM was then cancelled, as station programming moved to 1640 kHz.
Later history
In late 2002, WKSH's owner shut down their business, and Disney's ABC Radio Networks division bought the station in order to convert the station to Radio Disney. WKSH carried the network's entire schedule except for some local-specific public affairs programming on Sunday mornings, and automated station identifications, although the station maintained a local staff which promoted the station through public events, live remotes and contests and did so on air from time-to-time.
In June 2013, Disney put WKSH and six other Radio Disney stations in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candice%20Olson | Candice Olson (born October 27, 1964) is a Canadian designer. She was the host of the Toronto-based home-makeover shows Divine Design and Candice Tells All, which aired on the W Network in Canada and on HGTV in the United States.
Early life
Olson attended the University of Calgary and played for the Canadian National Women's Volleyball Team at the same time. She then transferred and graduated from the School of Interior Design at Ryerson University in Toronto.
Olson honed her skills for several years in several of Canada's top interior design firms.
Career
Candice Olson Design
In 1994, she established her own residential and commercial design practice, Candice Olson Design, based in Metro Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Television
In the fall of 2001, Divine Design debuted on Canada's W Network and quickly established itself as one of the network's flagship shows. Two years later, in 2003, the series premiered on HGTV in the United States in more than 90 million homes.
On January 1, 2011, Olson's new series, Candice Tells All, premiered on HGTV. It debuted on the W Network in Canada on January 6, 2011.
Collection
The Candice Olson Collection is made up of products in the home décor market. The lines include an upholstered furniture line for Norwalk (MyCandiceDesign.com), The Furniture Idea; a line of fabric from Kravet Inc.; a lighting line; a line of rugs for Surya (surya.com); bettertrends a line of broad case good, occasional, and table line with Revco International; and a wallpaper line for York Wallcoverings (http://www.yorkwallcoverings.com)
Books
In 2006, Olson wrote her first book; Candice Olson on Design: Inspiration and Ideas for Your Home in which she shares design secrets, smart tips, and practical advice to help readers plan and execute successful room makeovers.
Her second book, Candice Olson: Kitchen & Bathrooms was published on March 22, 2011.
Personal life
Olson is married to a builder Jurij Sennecke. They have two children, Pyper and Beckett. Both of her pregnancies were discussed on various episodes of Divine Design during the second and fourth seasons.
References
External links
Bio at HGTV
W Network Website
Top Interior Designers in Canada
Living people
Canadian interior designers
1964 births
Canadian television hosts
University of Calgary alumni
Toronto Metropolitan University alumni
Canadian women's volleyball players
Canadian women television personalities
Canadian women television hosts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Dayan | Peter Dayan is a British neuroscientist and computer scientist who is director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany. He is co-author of Theoretical Neuroscience, an influential textbook on computational neuroscience. He is known for applying Bayesian methods from machine learning and artificial intelligence to understand neural function and is particularly recognized for relating neurotransmitter levels to prediction errors and Bayesian uncertainties. He has pioneered the field of reinforcement learning (RL) where he helped develop the Q-learning algorithm, and made contributions to unsupervised learning, including the wake-sleep algorithm for neural networks and the Helmholtz machine.
Education
Dayan studied mathematics at the University of Cambridge and then continued for a PhD in artificial intelligence at the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics on statistical learning supervised by David Willshaw and David Wallace, focusing on associative memory and reinforcement learning.
Career and research
After his PhD, Dayan held postdoctoral research positions with Terry Sejnowski at the Salk Institute and Geoffrey Hinton at the University of Toronto. He then took up an assistant professor position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and moved to the Gatsby Charitable Foundation computational neuroscience unit at University College London (UCL) in 1998, becoming professor and director in 2002. In September 2018, the Max Planck Society announced his appointment as a director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen.
Awards and honours
Dayan was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 2018. He was awarded the Rumelhart Prize in 2012 and The Brain Prize in 2017.
See also
Helmholtz machine
References
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Living people
Jewish scientists
Rumelhart Prize laureates
Fellows of the Royal Society
1965 births
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Max Planck Institute directors
Academics of University College London |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POP2 | POP2 and similar names may refer to:
POP-2, a programming language developed around 1970
Post Office Protocol (POP) version 2, a 1985 email exchange protocol
Prince of Persia 2: The Shadow and the Flame, a 1993 video game
POP2, a gene related to the enzyme 4-aminobutyrate—pyruvate transaminase
Pop 2 (mixtape), a 2017 mixtape by Charli XCX
Pop2! The Second 20 Hits, a 2009 album in the Erasure discography
Pop 2! The Exploding Musical Mind of Dana Countryman, a 2014 album by Dana Countryman
Punk Goes Pop Volume Two, a 2009 album of punk pop music |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambium%20Networks | Cambium Networks is a wireless infrastructure provider that offers fixed wireless and Wi-Fi to broadband service providers and enterprises to provide Internet access. An American telecommunications infrastructure company, it provides wireless technology, including Enterprise WiFi, switching solutions, Internet of Things, and fixed wireless broadband and Wi-Fi for enterprises. Publicly traded on the NASDAQ stock exchange, it spun out of Motorola in October 2011.
Products
Cambium Networks manufactures point-to-point backhaul, point-to-multipoint communication wide area network (WAN), Wi-Fi indoor and outdoor access, and cloud-based network management systems. In 2020, the company collaborated with Facebook to add mesh networking technology Terragraph that allows high-speed internet connections where laying fiber optic cable is not viable. As of 2021 the company has shipped 10 million radios.
Products are available in point-to-point and point-to-multipoint configurations. Its cnWave fixed wireless solution provides multi-gigabit throughputs. It includes both the original Motorola-designed products using the Canopy protocol and the PtP backhauls that were rebranded from Orthogon Systems, which Motorola acquired in 2006.
Cambium Networks’ solutions are used by broadband service providers and managed service providers to connect business and residential locations in dense urban, suburban, rural and remote locations, including education and healthcare.
Enterprise Wi-Fi and Switching
Cambium Networks also manufactures Wireless LAN (WLAN) Wi-Fi access points including Wi-Fi 6E and intelligent switches along with cloud=management systems. In 2022, Spectralink added interoperability with Cambium Networks access points and Wi-Fi phones and handsets as part of its enterprise wireless certification program.
History
Cambium Networks was created when Motorola Solutions sold the Canopy and Orthogon businesses in 2011. Cambium evolved the platform and expanded it to three product lines: Point to Point (PTP) (formerly Orthogon), Point to Multipoint (PMP) (formerly Canopy) and .
In 2018, CIO Review named Cambium in its list of 20 Most Promising Wireless Technology Solution Providers. In July 2019, Cambium acquired Xirrus from Riverbed Technology. In June 2019, the company listed on the NASDAQ Stock Exchange in an initial public offering that raised $70 million. WISPA network operator members voted Cambium Networks the “Manufacturer of the Year” from 2017-2020.
The technology competes with WiMAX, LTE and other long range mobile products, but not effectively with wired Internet, which is capable of much faster speeds and does not have wireless relay round-trip delay. Competent Canopy implementations such as the Broadband for Rural Nova Scotia initiative however have demonstrated VoIP, gaming and other low-latency applications work acceptably over this system, and in areas of challenging weather including high wind conditions (which cause antennas to m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratoire%20d%27Informatique%20Fondamentale%20de%20Lille | The Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), is a computer science research laboratory of University of Lille, in Lille, France. LIFL was founded in 1983 and currently employs more than 200 employees. Since January 2015, the LIFL has merged with another laboratory, the Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS). The resulting laboratory is now CRIStAL.
Most of the projects and teams at LIFL are supported and funded by the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French National Institute for Research in Computer Science and Control (INRIA).
References
LIFL
CRIStAL
INRIA
University of Lille 1
European Doctoral College Lille Nord-Pas de Calais
University of Lille Nord de France
Computer science institutes in France
1983 establishments in France
French National Centre for Scientific Research |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Vista%20I/O%20technologies | Windows Vista introduced a number of new I/O functions to the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. They are intended to shorten the time taken to boot the system, improve the responsiveness of the system, and improve the reliability of data storage.
I/O subsystem
Vista modifies the behavior of asynchronous I/O operations. With the new asynchronous I/O APIs, a thread, different from the one that issued the I/O request, can be notified when the operation completes. With this, a single thread can issue all the I/O requests, and then switch to a different worker thread. If this thread is the one that handles the data after the I/O request completes, then a thread-switch, which causes a performance hit, may be avoided. Windows Vista also introduces synchronous I/O cancellation. During a synchronous I/O request, the application is blocked until the request is serviced or fails. In Windows Vista the application may issue a cancellation request. Applications that cancel the operation on user feedback may prefer to enable user feedback during the time the issuing thread is suspended for usability.
Windows Vista also implements I/O scheduling as prioritized I/O. Disk I/O requests in Windows Vista are assigned priorities; a higher priority request is given preferential treatment, over a request that has a lower priority, during the execution of the request. Windows Vista defines five priority classes – Very Low, Low, Normal, High and Critical. By default I/O requests are assigned Normal priority. Windows Vista also allows reservation of bandwidth on a per-application basis during disk access; this aims to guarantee the required throughput rate to the application when it accesses the disk. Both these features are used by Windows Media Player with respect to media playback. Disk Defragmenter, SuperFetch, Windows Defender, Windows Search, and applications that run at startup all use prioritized I/O.
Prior to Windows Vista, all I/O requests were capped at 64 KB; thus larger operations had to be completed in chunks. In Windows Vista, there is no limit on the size of I/O requests. This means an entire I/O operation can be completed by issuing fewer requests, which in turn may lead to higher performance. Windows Explorer and the Command Prompt's copy command have been modified to issue 1 MB requests.
ReadyBoost
ReadyBoost, makes PCs running Windows Vista more responsive by using flash memory on a USB drive (USB 2.0 or 3.0 only), SD card, Compact Flash, or other form of flash memory, in order to boost system performance. When such a device is plugged in, the Windows Autoplay dialog offers an additional option to use it to speed up the system; an additional "ReadyBoost" tab is added to the drive's properties dialog where the amount of space to be used can be configured. Windows ReadyBoost is also available for Windows 7 and Windows 10. Most flash memory devices are formatted in the FAT32 format. This will need to be changed if one wants to properly util |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-scheduling | Meta-scheduling or super scheduling is a computer software technique of optimizing computational workloads by combining an organization's multiple job schedulers into a single aggregated view, allowing batch jobs to be directed to the best location for execution.
Meta-scheduling technique is a solution for scheduling a set of dependent or independent faults with different scenarios that are mapping and modeling in an event-tree. It can be used as a dynamic or static scheduling method.
Scenario-based meta-scheduling
Scenario-based and multi-mode approaches are essential techniques in embedded-systems, e.g., design space exploration for MPSoCs and reconfigurable systems.
Optimization techniques for the generation of schedule graphs supporting such a SBMeS approach have been developed and implemented.
Scenario-based meta-scheduling can promise better performance by reducing dynamic scheduling overhead and recovering from faults.
Implementations
The following is a partial list of noteworthy open source and commercial meta-schedulers currently available.
GridWay by the Globus Alliance
Community Scheduler Framework by Platform Computing and Jilin University
MP Synergy by United Devices
Moab Cluster Suite and Maui Cluster scheduler from Adaptive Computing
DIOGENES (distributed optimal genetic algorithm for grid applications scheduling, started project)
SynfiniWay's meta-scheduler
MeS is designed to generate schedules for anticipated changes of scenarios by Dr.-Ing. Babak Sorkhpour and Prof. Dr.-Ing.Roman Obermaisser in chair for Embedded Systems in university of Siegen for energy-efficient, Robust and Adaptive Time-Triggered Systems (multi-core architectures with Networks-on-chip).
Accelerator Plus runs jobs by the use of host jobs in an underlying workload manager. This approach achieves high job throughput by distributing the processing load associated with submitting and managing jobs.
References
B. Sorkhpour and R. Obermaisser. "MeSViz: Visualizing Scenario-based Meta-Schedules for Adaptive Time-Triggered Systems.". in AmE 2018-Automotive meets Electronics; 9th GMM-Symposium, 2018, pp. 1–6
B. Sorkhpour, R. Obermaisser and A. Murshed, "Meta-Scheduling Techniques for Energy-Efficient, Robust and Adaptive Time-Triggered Systems," in Knowledge-Based Engineering and Innovation (KBEI), 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference on, Tehran, 2017.
B. Sorkhpour, O. Roman, and Y. Bebawy, Eds., Optimization of Frequency-Scaling in Time-Triggered Multi-Core Architectures using Scenario-Based Meta-Scheduling: “in AmE 2019-Automotive meets Electronics; 10th GMM-Symposium VDE, 2019
B. Sorkhpour. "Scenario-based meta-scheduling for energy-efficient, robust and adaptive time-triggered multi-core architectures", University of Siegen, Doctoral thesis, July 2019.
Grid computing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Gift%20%281979%20film%29 | The Gift is a 1979 made-for-television film directed by Don Taylor and starring Glenn Ford, Gary Frank and Julie Harris. It was broadcast on the CBS network.
Plot
Pete Devlin (Gary Frank), a 17-year-old sailor, returns home to Brooklyn on leave from the Navy for Christmas in the 1950s.
Pete's father (Glenn Ford) is an emotionally-distant and heavy-drinking factory worker who lost a leg in an accident. As a Christmas gift, the local VFW post makes Billy an honorary member. The Commander (M. Emmet Walsh) presents a slide show of Billy when he was a young soccer star before the war. Billy interrupts the slide show and tells them to stop.
Pete visits his girlfriend, 17-year-old Kathleen (Allison Argo). He wants to marry her, become an artist, and move to Paris. He learns that Kathleen has a new boyfriend who doesn't talk about "dumb things" like moving to Paris.
Pete visits Patsy (Anthony Ponzini) asking to buy a gun to kill the guy who "moved in on" Kathleen. Patsy refuses to sell a gun to the drunken Pete.
Younger brother Teddy (Kevin Bacon) buys a gun and plans to rob a gas station. Pete takes the gun from Teddy.
Kathleen shows up at a party with her new boyfriend, Eddie Riggs (Jerry Machen). Pete has the gun with him and considers using it, but he throws it out the window. He sucker-punches Eddie and knocks him out. A gun is found on Eddie. Pete says "so long" to Kathleen and walks out of the party.
Pete visits his father at the bar. Pete asks why his father never talks about the accident. "Why didn't you ever let me know you? The worst thing happened in your life and you never said a word about it to me. ... It's like I'm some stranger. I know how hard it is to talk about that. It's hard for you to talk about anything." He yells, "I want you talk to me, damn it."
The father explains he never wanted anyone to feel sorry for him. He explains that, when he was young, he loved soccer more than summer, more than singing, more than whisky. He felt like he was magic when he moved down the soccer field. He tells about his time in the hospital with gangrene and waking up in the operating room as the doctors were cutting off his leg. He cries and tells Pete: "I still her the sound of the saw. That leg, it was magic, a gift from god. Then one day they cut it off. They just took it away."
A young man at the bar calls the father a "gimp". Pete and his father knock them down and throw them out of the bar. The father re-introduces his son to the bar: "This is my son Peter in whom I'm well proud." They drink together and sing Irish songs as they stumble up the stairs to the apartment.
The film ends with Peter leaving to return to the Navy. An older Pete narrates: "My Christmas leave was over. And leaving that morning I felt oddly free. I was going out into the world, on my own at last. And I remember that Christmas I hadn't received much in any ordinary way, but my father loved me back, and there was no other gift I wanted."
Cast
Gary Frank - Pete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%20Souhaite | "Je Souhaite" is the twenty-first episode of the seventh season of the science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network in the United States on May 14, 2000. It was written and directed by Vince Gilligan. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Je Souhaite" earned a Nielsen household rating of 8.2, being watched by 12.79 million people in its initial broadcast, and received mostly positive reviews from critics. The title means "I Wish" in French.
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Mulder and Scully encounter a man and his physically disabled brother who lead the agents to an indifferent genie whose willingness to grant wishes belies a deeper motive.
Gilligan had written and helped produce earlier episodes of The X-Files, but "Je Souhaite" was his directorial debut. Originally, the script was supposed to be a "stark and scary" story, but Gilligan changed it to a humorous tale about a genie. The episode featured several elaborate "genie effects" that were created through digital technology; this included manipulating stock footage of former American President Richard Nixon and Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. One scene in the episode required the producers to block off eight blocks of downtown Los Angeles.
Plot
In St. Louis, Anson Stokes, an apathetic employee at a self storage facility, is yelled at by his boss to clean out an old and dusty storage locker. To his surprise, he finds a woman wrapped in a rug. His boss comes to check on him; while he is yelling for Anson, his mouth disappears. FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) speak with the boss, Jay Gilmore, after surgery to fix his mouth, which has left him disfigured and with a speech impediment. They question Stokes' brother Leslie at their mobile home, which inexplicably has a large boat in its tiny front yard. While questioning Leslie, the agents notice an unknown woman in the Stokes brothers' kitchen. Mulder and Scully search the container and find old antiques and a picture of the previous owner with the woman from the mobile home.
The woman is revealed to be a genie. Stokes is angry that he wasted his first two wishes; Stokes had previously wished for his boss to stop talking (which caused Gilmore's mouth to disappear) and for a boat. The boat, however, was not placed in water and Stokes is still forced to pay taxes on it. The genie hints, in vain, that Anson should give his physically handicapped brother the ability to walk as his third wish. Instead, he wishes for the ability to turn invisible at will, but neglects to stipulate that his clothes also become invisible. Undiscouraged, Anson strips and turns invisible, only |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Sing%21%20The%20Body%20Cybernetic | I Sing! The Body Cybernetic was Servotron's penultimate release. It was released as a 7" and a CD EP. The 7" has 2 tracks and the CD EP has 5 tracks. The second track, "Genetic Engineering", is an X-ray Spex cover.
Track listing
.0.. "I Sing! The Body Cybernetic"
.00.. "Genetic Engineering" (X-Ray Spex)
.000.. "The Image Created (Special Live Anti-Traffic Report Version)"*
.0000.. "The Power of Electricity (Special Live Anti-Traffic Report Version)"*
.00000.. "Red Robot Refund (The Ballad of R5D4) (Special Live Anti-Traffic Report Version)"*
*CD EP only
Robots crucial in cyber-configuration..
Z4-OBX - Synchronous DNA recombination and synthetic cardiovascular patterns
Proto Unit V3 - Fabricated supplementation of all organs pertaining distinctly to the species of female
Andro 600 Series - 7-H alpha wave frequency cerebrum recomposition
00zX1 - Full system physiological overhaul and non-organic chassis implementation
Other Credits
"I Sing! The Body Cybernetic" programmed by the Master Computer, performed by Servotron, and published by Unmanned Music/BMI
"Genetic Engineering" by Poly Styrene, Maxwood Music Ltd.
Servotron albums
1998 EPs |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repentance%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20Voyager%29 | "Repentance" is the 159th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Voyager airing on the UPN network. It is the 13th episode of the seventh season.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet and Maquis crew of the starship USS Voyager after they were stranded in the Delta Quadrant far from the rest of the Federation. In this episode, Voyager assists a ship in distress and ends up ferrying its passengers, most of whom are criminals en route to their executions.
"Repentance" aired on the United Paramount Network (UPN) on January 31, 2001.
Plot
Voyager responds to a distress call, beaming all the people off a Nygean ship which is about to explode. Most are sent to Voyagers cargo bay, but two of them are sent to sickbay, where one takes Seven of Nine (Jeri Lynn Ryan) hostage. He is forced away from Seven and attempts to take the Doctor (Robert Picardo) hostage. This fails as the Doctor, as a hologram, is invulnerable to a common knife.
It turns out the ship Voyager rescued was carrying prisoners to a facility where they are scheduled to be executed. Since there is no capital punishment in the Federation, the crew are uncomfortable with the situation, but the Prime Directive forbids them from interfering. They provide cages for the prisoners, who are treated brutally by the Nygean guards. Neelix (Ethan Phillips) insists that the prisoners must be fed and the Doctor insists they must receive proper medical care. Seven considers this a waste of resources, since the prisoners are going to be killed anyway, but the guards agree to allow the prisoners to have meals.
After a particularly brutal beating by a guard, one of the prisoners, Iko, is seriously wounded. The Voyager guards are forced to rescue Iko by drawing weapons on the Nygean guards. Captain Janeway (Kate Mulgrew) subsequently orders Voyagers security personnel take over guarding the prisoners. The Nygeans protest but Janeway gives them no choice.
Iko undergoes a medical procedure in which Borg nanoprobes are injected into his body; not only do the probes repair his injuries, they also seem to have restored the parts of his brain responsible for empathy, and he begins to feel remorse for his crime.
At first, Iko wants to be executed for all he has done, but he becomes close to Seven, who sees in him a reflection of her own struggles for atonement for all she did as a Borg. Since under Nygean law, the victim's family decides the punishment for all crimes, Iko eventually appeals to his own victim's family for leniency. He tells them that he is cured, is sorry for what he has done, and hopes to start a new life on Voyager. The family denies his request.
Meanwhile, Neelix becomes friendly with a Benkaran prisoner named Joleg, who explains minority Benkarans are subjected to racial profiling by Nygeans. Joleg persuades Neelix to get a letter through to his brother, but this turns out to be a ruse - Joleg has hidden Voyagers coordina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HLN | HLN may refer to:
Harlington railway station (station code), in England
HLN (TV network), an American television news network
Helena Regional Airport (IATA airport code), in Montana, United States
Het Laatste Nieuws ("The Latest News"), a Belgian Dutch-language newspaper
Hikami-Larkin-Nagaoka equation, describing weak localization in low-temperature physics
Horizon League Network, a collegiate athletic conference in the Midwestern United States
Phenolphthalein, a chemical indicator, abbreviated "Hln" |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20Alice%20Williams | Mary Alice Williams (born March 12, 1949) is a pioneering journalist and broadcast executive who broke gender barriers by becoming the first female Prime Time anchor of a network news division and first woman to hold the rank of Vice President of a news division. Her work and visibility put her in the vanguard, whether at the birth of CNN or later at the dawn of the revolution in information technology. In addition to CNN, she has also served as anchor at many prominent networks, including PBS, Discovery, and NBC.
EARLY LIFE
Williams was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the second of five children born to Alice Mary (nee Griebel) and Dr. George E. Williams, a psychiatrist and a dean at the University of Minnesota Medical School. Williams was educated at the Convent of the Visitation and while still in High School began working as a reporter for KSTP-TV. While in College at Creighton University, she filed reports for KSTP and the Chicago Bureau of NBC News on the political assassinations and pro-women and anti-war movements that rocked the nation and framed her generation.
Biographical information
Williams was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She received a B.A. in English and Mass Communications from Creighton University in Omaha, Nebraska. She is the mother of three daughters: Alice Ann, born 1990 and twins Sara Mary and Laura Abigail, born 1992. In June 2014, she married Dr. Julian Decter, a hematologic oncologist at Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York.
Career
The day after graduating college, Williams was named executive producer of news for KSTP. A year later, she held the same role (at WPIX-TV) in New York and then became reporter/ anchor at WNBC-TV.
Accomplishments
As one of the primary architects behind the design of the first worldwide television network, Williams oversaw the construction of CNN's New York Bureau at the World Trade Center prior to the launch of Cable News Network CNN in 1980. She served as New York Bureau Chief, overseeing the planning and operation of the network's second largest bureau with responsibility for seven hours of original programming per day. She was also one of the channel's principal anchors. In 1982, Williams was appointed Vice president, becoming one of the highest ranking female executives in American television. She was a vital member of CNN's political anchor team, co-hosting Inside Politics with Bernard Shaw.
NBC career
In 1989, Williams moved to NBC News where she co-hosted Yesterday, Today & Tomorrow, a series of news magazine specials which were controversial, since they included dramatic reenactments similar to the television show, Unsolved Mysteries; substitute anchored NBC Nightly News; and co-hosted Sunday Today. In 1990, Williams was one of a group of NBC News personnel who won a News and Documentary Emmy award in the category of Outstanding General Coverage of a Single Breaking News Story (Segments) for "Romanian Revolution Coverage" on NBC Nightly News and Weekend Nightly News. S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20route%20E26 | European route E26 is a part of the trans-European road network. The route lies entirely within Germany and extends from Hamburg to Berlin, following sections of the A 24 and A 111 Autobahns.
External links
UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
26
E026
E026
E026
E026
E026 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Line%20Coaches | Green Line is a commuter coach brand in the Home counties of England. The trademark is owned by Arriva, with services operated by Arriva Herts & Essex.
Green Line had its origin in the network of coach services established by the London General Omnibus Company (LGOC) in the 1920s and 1930s, being absorbed into the London Passenger Transport Board in 1933. After World War II, the network was part of London Transport Executive/London Transport Board, and from 1970 to 1986 was operated by London Country Bus Services.
History
Early history
Green Line Coaches Limited was formed on 9 July 1930 by the LGOC, which from 1927 had built up a network of coach services from London to towns up to 30 miles away, comprising 60 vehicles on eight routes. These services were largely started in response to the emergence of numerous small independent operators, often running single routes. As well as express services operated by LGOC, some were run by subsidiary companies such as East Surrey Traction & Autocar Services and some on LGOC's behalf by the National Omnibus & Transport Company. The Green Line livery and fleetname was rolled out across the existing express services, differentiating these from LGOC's red service buses.
New services quickly followed, with the number of routes increasing to 27 by October 1931 and the number of coaches to 275. Green Line also began to acquire some of its independent competitors. The laying over of coaches in central London began to create congestion, so, to relieve this, some routes were linked to form cross-London services, and a short-lived coach station was opened in Poland Street, Soho at the end of 1930.
On 1 July 1933, Green Line passed to the new London Passenger Transport Board and competing services within the London Passenger Transport Area were absorbed into the network. Various vehicles of numerous different types were inherited, and much effort was made in replacing these with a standardised fleet of vehicles from late 1936. Poland Street coach station was closed, and almost all routes were linked to run across London.
Post-war era
Services were suspended during World War II, resuming in February 1946. More services were added, and the routes were given numbers in the 700 series. Ridership increased to a peak of 36 million passenger journeys a year between 1957 and 1960. In 1962, AEC Routemaster double-deck coaches were introduced on some routes, notably route 721 which ran every 12 minutes at peak times, and route 704 conveying tourists to Windsor and Royal Tunbridge Wells. Orbital coach routes commenced:
724 from High Wycombe around the north of London to Romford
725 from Windsor around the south of London to Gravesend
727 from Crawley around the west of London to Luton
In 1970, London Transport became the responsibility of the Greater London Council, so control of Green Line was passed from London Transport to London Country Bus Services, part of the state-owned National Bus Company. Patronage was decl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wank%20Week | Wank Week was a controversial season of television programming that was due to be broadcast in the United Kingdom by Channel 4, expected to consist of a series of three documentary programmes about masturbation. However, plans to broadcast it in March 2007 came under public attack (from senior television figures), and the planned broadcasts were pulled amid claims of declining editorial standards and controversy over the channel's public service broadcasting credentials. While Wank Week itself was cancelled, the films it was meant to showcase were left open to be broadcast at a later date.
Commissioning and programming
The season was commissioned by James Hindle, the channel's factual entertainment commissioning editor, and announced in July 2006. It was to consist of three films broadcast in the 11pm slot, headlined by a documentary on mass public masturbation. This kind of programming was not unprecedented: the Channel had previously screened a 'Penis Week', reportedly described by MacKenzie as a "success" in a Guardian article. He continued on the subject of Wank Week, "we feel this is exactly the type of provocative and mischievous programming that Channel 4 should be covering in the 11pm slot". In the United Kingdom, the 11pm slot is considered post-watershed, defined by the regulator Ofcom in the Broadcasting Code as later than 9pm (although transition to more adult material "must not be unduly abrupt at the watershed or after the time when children are particularly likely to be listening" according to section 1.6). This allows the broadcasting of more sexually explicit content.
The first show to be announced centred on a Masturbate-a-thon held in Clerkenwell, London in August 2006. This was a public mass masturbation event organised to raise money for the sexual health charity Marie Stopes International. A press release from Zig-Zag, the independent production company behind the recording of the event, promised that the film would reveal "if the only things allowed to be stiff in Britain are upper lips". The programme's working title was Wank-a-thon.
A week later, plans for an as yet unnamed second documentary about compulsive male masturbators were announced, to be produced by the independent company Spun Gold. The film was to be an hour long and focus on men trying to cut down excessive masturbatory habits of up to twenty times a day, using methods developed in the United States. In September 2006, the final film in the series was announced. Entitled Masturbation For Girls, it was also to be produced by Spun Gold, and focus on female masturbation. It was to feature the sex educationalist Betty Dodson, although the format had yet not been finalised. It was reported after the postponement of their airing that the second and third films were to be entitled I Can't Stop Wanking and Masturbation for Women respectively.
Controversy and cancellation
Wank Week was criticised in the prestigious James MacTaggart Memorial Lecture at the 2006 Ed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escient | Escient was a division of D&M Holdings, which manufactured high-end, centralized, internet-connected home AV equipment. The Escient trademark was registered with the (now defunct) Digital Networks North America.
Escient's main product lines were movie managers, music managers, media players, and other peripherals. The FireBall brand provides up to a 750 GB hard drive for central music storage. It has the ability control as many as 2000 DVDs or CDs through a graphical user interface. Escient's home media servers are supplemented with networked digital remote players for whole-house audio.
The FireBall-PC software runs on Mac and Windows computers to share media collections throughout the home. The wireless web pad can browse the internet, stream audio from the FireBall web servers, access the FireBall servers remotely via 802.11b wireless networking, and replace the FireBall TV interface.
In April, 2010, D&M Holdings, Inc. discontinued the Escient brand.
See also
Gracenote
References
External links
Escient website
D&M Holdings website
Consumer electronics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Off-site%20data%20protection | In computing, off-site data protection, or vaulting, is the strategy of sending critical data out of the main location (off the main site) as part of a disaster recovery plan. Data is usually transported off-site using removable storage media such as magnetic tape or optical storage. Data can also be sent electronically via a remote backup service, which is known as electronic vaulting or e-vaulting. Sending backups off-site ensures systems and servers can be reloaded with the latest data in the event of a disaster, accidental error, or system crash. Sending backups off-site also ensures that there is a copy of pertinent data that is not stored on-site.
Although some organizations manage and store their own off-site backups, many choose to have their backups managed and stored by third parties who specialize in the commercial protection of off-site data.
Data vaults
The storage of off-site data is also known as vaulting, as backups are stored in purpose-built vaults. There are no generally recognized standards for the type of structure which constitutes a vault. That said, commercial vaults typically fit into three categories:
Underground vaults – often converted defunct cold war military or communications facilities, or even disused mines.
Free-standing dedicated vaults
Insulated chambers sharing facilities – often implemented within existing record center buildings.
Hybrid on site and off-site vaulting
Hybrid on-site and off-site data vaulting, sometimes known as Hybrid Online Backup, involve a combination of Local backup for fast backup and restore, along with Off-site backup for protection against local disasters. This ensures that the most recent data is available locally in the event of need for recovery, while archived data that is needed much less often is stored in the cloud.
Hybrid Online Backup works by storing data to local disk so that the backup can be captured at high speed, and then either the backup software or a D2D2C (Disk to Disk to Cloud) appliance encrypts and transmits data to a service provider. Recent backups are retained locally, to speed data recovery operations. There are a number of cloud storage appliances on the market that can be used as a backup target, including appliances from CTERA Networks, Nasuni, StorSimple and TwinStrata.
Statutory obligations
Data Protection Statutes are usually non-prescriptive within the commercial IT arena in how data is to be protected, but they increasingly require the active protection of data. United States Federal entities have specific requirements as defined by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST documentation can be obtained at http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsSPs.html and commercial agencies have the option of using these documents for compliance requirements.
History – today's regulatory requirements started with the "Rainbow" Series. Every organization has used these standards to develop "their" version of compliance – d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-coupled%20networks | Pulse-coupled networks or pulse-coupled neural networks (PCNNs) are neural models proposed by modeling a cat's visual cortex, and developed for high-performance biomimetic image processing.
In 1989, Eckhorn introduced a neural model to emulate the mechanism of cat's visual cortex. The Eckhorn model provided a simple and effective tool for studying small mammal’s visual cortex, and was soon recognized as having significant application potential in image processing.
In 1994, Johnson adapted the Eckhorn model to an image processing algorithm, calling this algorithm a pulse-coupled neural network. Over the past decade, PCNNs have been used in a variety of image processing applications, including: image segmentation, feature generation, face extraction, motion detection, region growing, and noise reduction.
The basic property of the Eckhorn's linking-field model (LFM) is the coupling term. LFM is a modulation of the primary input by a biased offset factor driven by the linking input. These drive a threshold variable that decays from an initial high value. When the threshold drops below zero it is reset to a high value and the process starts over. This is different than the standard integrate-and-fire neural model, which accumulates the input until it passes an upper limit and effectively "shorts out" to cause the pulse.
LFM uses this difference to sustain pulse bursts, something the standard model does not do on a single neuron level. It is valuable to understand, however, that a detailed analysis of the standard model must include a shunting term, due to the floating voltages level in the dendritic compartment(s), and in turn this causes an elegant multiple modulation effect that enables a true higher-order network (HON). Multidimensional pulse image processing of chemical structure data using PCNN has been discussed by Kinser, et al.
A PCNN is a two-dimensional neural network. Each neuron in the network corresponds to one pixel in an input image, receiving its corresponding pixel's color information (e.g. intensity) as an external stimulus. Each neuron also connects with its neighboring neurons, receiving local stimuli from them. The external and local stimuli are combined in an internal activation system, which accumulates the stimuli until it exceeds a dynamic threshold, resulting in a pulse output. Through iterative computation, PCNN neurons produce temporal series of pulse outputs. The temporal series of pulse outputs contain information of input images and can be used for various image processing applications, such as image segmentation and feature generation. Compared with conventional image processing means, PCNNs have several significant merits, including robustness against noise, independence of geometric variations in input patterns, capability of bridging minor intensity variations in input patterns, etc.
A simplified PCNN called a spiking cortical model was developed in 2009.
PCNNs are useful for image processing, as discussed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20New%20South%20Wales%20alumni | This is a list of University of New South Wales alumni.
Academia
Toby Walsh, computer scientist and artificial intelligence expert
Dijana Alić, architect and academic
Michael Barber, mathematician, physicist and Vice-Chancellor of Flinders University from 2008 until 2014 (Mathematics)
Gernot Heiser, John Lions chair and computer scientist
Sharon Beder, arts academic (Engineering)
Glyn Davis , current Vice-Chancellor of University of Melbourne (Political science)
John Deeble, Architect of Medicare Australia
Rosalyn Diprose, philosopher and UNSW academic (Philosophy)
Ross Fitzgerald , academic, historian, novelist, secularist, and political commentator (PhD Politics)
Michael Fullilove, public and international policy academic, executive director of the Lowy Institute for International Policy (Arts/Law)
David Gonski , prominent businessman, Chancellor of UNSW Sydney (Commerce/LLB)
Atiqul Islam, accountant and current Vice-chancellor of North South University, Bangladesh (Commerce)
Koo Tsai Kee, Singaporean academic and former politician (Surveying)
Chandran Kukathas, Malaysian-born Australian political theorist and academic (MA, Politics)
Jane Stapleton, academic and Master at Christ's College, Cambridge
Tony Vinson, Emeritus Professor, Education and Social Work
Business
Rodney Adler, former FAI Insurance chief executive
Cheryl Bart , lawyer, company director and mountain climber (Commerce/LLB 1986)
Mark Bouris, chairman of Yellow Brick Road and television personality
Mike Cannon-Brookes, entrepreneur, billionaire, and co-CEO of the software company Atlassian (Information Science)
Paul Clitheroe , television presenter and businessman (Arts)
Matt Comyn, CEO of Commonwealth Bank
Roger Corbett , former chairman of the Reserve Bank of Australia, and a former CEO of Woolworths (Commerce)
Douglas Daft , prominent Australian and US business executive who served as CEO of The Coca-Cola Company between 1999 and 2004; now a global non-executive director (Dipl.Admin)
Satyajit Das, banker, author and academic (Law)
John De Margheriti, software developer and entrepreneur, founding father of Australia's video games industry (Electrical engineering)
Michael Easson , businessman and former union leader (Politics/History)
Richard Farleigh, private investor (Economics)
Scott Farquhar, entrepreneur, billionaire, and co-CEO of the software company Atlassian (Arts/Science)
Angela Mak Soek Fun, Hong Kong-based business executive (Commerce/LLB)
David Gonski , prominent businessman, Chancellor of UNSW Sydney (Commerce/LLB)
John M. Green, deputy chairman of QBE Insurance; co-founder of Pantera Press; author
Catherine Harris , co-founder and chairman of Harris Farm Markets and company director (Commerce)
Philip Hercus, founder of International Catamaran Designs (Engineering)
Grant King, managing director, Origin Energy (Engineering)
David Lowy, non-executive deputy chairman of the Westfield Group
Steven Lowy, group managing director of the Westfield Group
Donald Mc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider%3A%20The%20Video%20Game | Spider: The Video Game, is a 2.5D platform game developed by Boss Game Studios and published by BMG Interactive for the PlayStation. The player takes the role of a cybernetic spider, within which the mind of its creator, Dr. Michael Kelly, has been implanted.
Gameplay
The player must navigate 3D-drawn environments in a strictly 2D manner, traveling to the end of each level using typical platforming game mechanics. The player can use the spider's natural abilities, such as climbing walls and ceilings and using silk to lower itself, in order to overcome certain obstacles. He can also equip up to four of the ten different cybernetic leg attachments found throughout the game, which are used as weapons. When the player loses a life, all the acquired cybernetic attachments are lost except for the default slasher attachment. The obstacles include lab sinks, acid, test tubes and primarily other cybernetic creatures as enemies. After escaping the laboratory, the player goes to a factory, a museum, and various other locales, each infested with strange and malevolent creatures.
Development
According to Boss Game Studios creative director Seth Mendelsohn, they used 2D gameplay for Spider because "We wanted to do a game that plays more like the traditional platform game, because they're fun to play. In full-form 3-D, you can't make a game that plays like a traditional platform game. There are issues about jumping and judging distance."
The team opted to make just three bosses for the game so they could give each one more focus, creating more animations and different behaviors for each one.
Reception
Spider: The Video Game received mixed to positive reviews. The most common subject of praise was the use of real spider abilities to crawl on any surface and lower oneself on a thread. Whether or not a critic recommended the game largely hinged on their opinion of the format of 2D gameplay in a 3D environment. As with Pandemonium!, which shares this format, Dan Hsu of Electronic Gaming Monthly dismissed Spider as a game with good graphics but mediocre gameplay, while his three co-reviewers praised it for its good control and sprawling, non-linear levels, though they complained that the camera occasionally causes problems. Next Generation, while noting that the graphics are good and the gameplay has some unique elements, maintained that the 2D nature of the gameplay makes it overly familiar. IGN was impressed with the realistic animation of the various creatures, but concluded that the game overall, while decent, lacks the excitement of Pandemonium!.
Ryan MacDonald of GameSpot judged it to be a highly enjoyable platformer, and particularly commended how well the spider perspective is handled. GamePro praised the impressive cinematics, unobtrusive music, and long, non-linear levels, and concluded, "You'll need all your spider powers for this game, which can be frustrating (especially when precise leaping is required), but in the end you'll find it's worth it." |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prefix%20sum | In computer science, the prefix sum, cumulative sum, inclusive scan, or simply scan of a sequence of numbers is a second sequence of numbers , the sums of prefixes (running totals) of the input sequence:
...
For instance, the prefix sums of the natural numbers are the triangular numbers:
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!input numbers
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || ...
|-
!prefix sums
| 1 || 3 || 6 || 10 || 15 || 21 || ...
|}
Prefix sums are trivial to compute in sequential models of computation, by using the formula to compute each output value in sequence order. However, despite their ease of computation, prefix sums are a useful primitive in certain algorithms such as counting sort,
and they form the basis of the scan higher-order function in functional programming languages. Prefix sums have also been much studied in parallel algorithms, both as a test problem to be solved and as a useful primitive to be used as a subroutine in other parallel algorithms.
Abstractly, a prefix sum requires only a binary associative operator ⊕, making it useful for many applications from calculating well-separated pair decompositions of points to string processing.
Mathematically, the operation of taking prefix sums can be generalized from finite to infinite sequences; in that context, a prefix sum is known as a partial sum of a series. Prefix summation or partial summation form linear operators on the vector spaces of finite or infinite sequences; their inverses are finite difference operators.
Scan higher order function
In functional programming terms, the prefix sum may be generalized to any binary operation (not just the addition operation); the higher order function resulting from this generalization is called a scan, and it is closely related to the fold operation. Both the scan and the fold operations apply the given binary operation to the same sequence of values, but differ in that the scan returns the whole sequence of results from the binary operation, whereas the fold returns only the final result. For instance, the sequence of factorial numbers may be generated by a scan of the natural numbers using multiplication instead of addition:
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|-
!input numbers
| 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || ...
|-
!prefix products
| 1 || 2 || 6 || 24 || 120 || 720 || ...
|}
Inclusive and exclusive scans
Programming language and library implementations of scan may be either inclusive or exclusive. An inclusive scan includes input when computing output (i.e., ) while an exclusive scan does not (i.e., ). In the latter case, implementations either leave undefined or accept a separate "" value with which to seed the scan. Either type of scan can be transformed into the other: an inclusive scan can be transformed into an exclusive scan by shifting the array produced by the scan right by one element and inserting the identity value at the left of the array. Conversely, an exclusive scan be transformed into a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20testing | Dynamic testing (or dynamic analysis) is a term used in software engineering to describe the testing of the dynamic behavior of code.
That is, dynamic analysis refers to the examination of the physical response from the system to variables that are not constant and change with time. In dynamic testing the software must actually be compiled and run. It involves working with the software, giving input values and checking if the output is as expected by executing specific test cases which can be done manually or with the use of an automated process. This is in contrast to static testing. Unit tests, integration tests, system tests and acceptance tests utilize dynamic testing. Usability tests involving a mock version made in paper or cardboard can be classified as static tests when taking into account that no program has been executed; or, as dynamic ones when considering the interaction between users and such mock version is effectively the most basic form of a prototype.
Main procedure
The process and function of dynamic testing in software development, dynamic testing can be divided into unit testing, integration testing, system testing, acceptance testing and finally regression testing.
Unit testing is a test that focuses on the correctness of the basic components of a software. Unit testing falls into the category of white-box testing. In the entire quality inspection system, unit testing needs to be completed by the product group, and then the software is handed over to the testing department.
Integration testing is used to detect if the interfaces between the various units are properly connected during the integration process of the entire software.
Testing a software system that has completed integration is called a system test, and the purpose of the test is to verify that the correctness and performance of the software system meet the requirements specified in its specifications. Testers should follow the established test plan. When testing the robustness and ease of use of the software, its input, output, and other dynamic operational behaviour should be compared to the software specifications. If the software specification is incomplete, the system test is more dependent on the tester's work experience and judgment, such a test is not sufficient. The system test is Black-box testing.
This is the final test before the software is put into use. It is the buyer's trial process of the software. In the actual work of the company, it is usually implemented by asking the customer to try or release the beta version of the software. The acceptance test is Black-box testing.
The purpose of regression testing is to verify and modify the acceptance test results in the software maintenance phase. In practical applications, the handling of customer complaints is an embodiment of regression testing.
Evaluation
Advantages
Dynamic testing could identify the weak areas in the runtime environment.
Dynamic testing supports application analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroresonance%20in%20electricity%20networks | Ferroresonance or nonlinear resonance is a type of resonance in electric circuits which occurs when a circuit containing a nonlinear inductance is fed from a source that has series capacitance, and the circuit is subjected to a disturbance such as opening of a switch. It can cause overvoltages and overcurrents in an electrical power system and can pose a risk to transmission and distribution equipment and to operational personnel.
Ferroresonance is different from linear resonance that occurs when inductive and capacitive reactances of a circuit are equal. In linear resonance the current and voltage are linearly related in a manner that is frequency dependent. In the case of ferroresonance it is characterised by a sudden jump of voltage or current from one stable operating state to another one. The relationship between voltage and current is dependent not only on frequency but also on other factors, such as the system voltage magnitude, initial magnetic flux condition of transformer iron core, the total loss in the ferroresonant circuit, and the point on wave of initial switching.
Ferroresonant effects were first described in a 1907 paper by Joseph Bethenod. The term ferroresonance was apparently coined by French engineer Paul Boucherot in a 1920 paper, in which he analysed the phenomenon of two stable fundamental frequency operating points coexisting in a series circuit containing a resistor, nonlinear inductor and a capacitor.
Conditions
Ferroresonance can occur when an unloaded 3-phase system consisting mainly of inductive and capacitive components is interrupted by single phase means. In the electrical distribution field this typically occurs on a medium voltage electrical distribution network of transformers (inductive component) and power cables (capacitive component). If such a network has little or no resistive load connected and one phase of the applied voltage is then interrupted, ferroresonance can occur. If the remaining phases are not quickly interrupted and the phenomenon continues, overvoltage can lead to the breakdown of insulation in the connected components resulting in their failure.
The phenomenon can be avoided by connecting a minimal resistive load on the transformer secondaries or by interrupting the applied voltage by a 3-phase interrupting device such as a ganged (3-pole) circuit breaker.
See also
Constant-voltage transformer
References
Electric power distribution |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RM-ODP | Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is a reference model in computer science, which provides a co-ordinating framework for the standardization of open distributed processing (ODP). It supports distribution, interworking, platform and technology independence, and portability, together with an enterprise architecture framework for the specification of ODP systems.
RM-ODP, also named ITU-T Rec. X.901-X.904 and ISO/IEC 10746, is a joint effort by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T).
Overview
The RM-ODP is a reference model based on precise concepts derived from current distributed processing developments and, as far as possible, on the use of formal description techniques for specification of the architecture. Many RM-ODP concepts, possibly under different names, have been around for a long time and have been rigorously described and explained in exact philosophy (for example, in the works of Mario Bunge) and in systems thinking (for example, in the works of Friedrich Hayek). Some of these concepts—such as abstraction, composition, and emergence—have recently been provided with a solid mathematical foundation in category theory.
RM-ODP has four fundamental elements:
an object modelling approach to system specification;
the specification of a system in terms of separate but interrelated viewpoint specifications;
the definition of a system infrastructure providing distribution transparencies for system applications; and
a framework for assessing system conformance.
The RM-ODP family of recommendations and international standards defines a system of interrelated essential concepts necessary to specify open distributed processing systems and provides a well-developed enterprise architecture framework for structuring the specifications for any large-scale systems including software systems.
History
Much of the preparatory work that led into the adoption of RM-ODP as an ISO standard was carried out by the Advanced Networked Systems Architecture (ANSA) project. This ran from 1984 until 1998 under the leadership of Andrew Herbert (now MD of Microsoft Research in Cambridge), and involved a number of major computing and telecommunication companies. Parts 2 and 3 of the RM-ODP were eventually adopted as ISO standards in 1996. Parts 1 and 4 were adopted in 1998.
RM-ODP topics
RM-ODP standards
RM-ODP consists of four basic ITU-T Recommendations and
ISO/IEC International Standards:
Overview: Contains a motivational overview of ODP, giving scoping, justification and explanation of key concepts, and an outline of the ODP architecture. It contains explanatory material on how the RM-ODP is to be interpreted and applied by its users, who may include standard writers and architects of ODP systems.
Foundations: Contains the definition of the concepts and analytical framework for normalized description of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subic%E2%80%93Clark%E2%80%93Tarlac%20Expressway | The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX), signed as E1 and E4 of the Philippine expressway network and R-8 of the Metro Manila arterial road network, is controlled-access toll expressway in the Central Luzon region of the Philippines. From its northern terminus in Tarlac City to its southern terminus at Tipo in Hermosa, Bataan, the SCTEX serves as one of the main expressways in Luzon. The expressway is also connected to the Central Luzon Link Expressway, North Luzon Expressway, Tarlac–Pangasinan–La Union Expressway, and the Subic Freeport Expressway. The SCTEX is the country's longest expressway at . The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway was constructed to provide a more efficient transport corridor between Subic Bay Freeport, Clark, and the Central Techno Park in Tarlac, foster development on the municipalities served, and connect major infrastructures such as the Subic Seaport and Clark International Airport.
The expressway also serves as a major utility corridor, carrying various high voltage overhead power lines through densely populated areas where acquisition and designation of right of way or power line alignment and lands for their associated structures is impractical. A notable power line using the expressway's right of way for most or part of the route is the Concepcion–Clark transmission line from Clark North Exit in Mabalacat, Pampanga to Concepcion, Tarlac.
Built by the Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), a government owned and controlled corporation, construction of the expressway started on April 5, 2005. Commercial operations then started on April 28, 2008, with the opening of the Subic–Clark Segment and Zone A of the portion of Clark-Tarlac Segment. The opening of Zones B and C of the remaining Clark–Tarlac Segment on July 25, 2008, signaled the full operations of the SCTEX.
Route description
The Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway runs northwest from Bataan and runs through the provinces of Pampanga and Tarlac. The entirety of the SCTEX is built as a four-lane expressway mostly laid out on embankment, with some sections using cuts to traverse hilly areas. The expressway also crosses the four rivers in Central Luzon: the Dinalupihan River in Bataan, the Gumain River in Floridablanca and the Pasig–Potrero River in Porac, both in Pampanga, and the Sacobia River in Bamban, Tarlac. All exits require toll payment, and toll plazas are laid on the termini of the expressway.
SCTEX starts at the east end of the Subic-Tipo Expressway in Barangay Tipo in Hermosa, Bataan. The expressway is built parallel to the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (N3) until Dinalupihan Exit, where the expressway curves northward and tracks the Angeles-Porac-Floridablanca-Dinalupihan Road as it follows a mostly straight route. The expressway then curves to the northeast before Floridablanca Exit. It curves toward the northwest and back to the northeast before Porac Exit. It then curves eastward and then northward near Clark Freeport and Clark International Ai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Pilot" is the pilot episode of the science fiction television series The X-Files. The episode aired on September 10, 1993, on the Fox network in the United States and Canada, and subsequently aired in the United Kingdom on BBC Two. The episode was written by series creator Chris Carter, and directed by Robert Mandel. As the pilot, it would set up the mythology storyline for the series. The episode earned a Nielsen rating of 7.9 and was viewed by 7.4 million households and 12.0 million viewers. The episode itself was generally well received by fans and critics alike, which led to a growing cult following for the series before it hit the mainstream.
The pilot introduced the two main characters, Fox Mulder and Dana Scully, who were portrayed by David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson respectively. The episode also featured William B. Davis, Charles Cioffi and Zachary Ansley as the recurring characters of the Smoking Man, Scott Blevins and Billy Miles. The episode follows FBI agents Mulder and Scully on their first X-File case together, investigating a string of deaths which Mulder believes to be experiments by an extraterrestrial intelligence.
Inspired by Kolchak: The Night Stalker, the series was conceived by Carter in an attempt to "scare people's pants off". When creating the characters of Mulder and Scully, Carter decided to play against established stereotypes, making the male character a believer and the female a skeptic, as the latter role had traditionally been a male one on television. Principal photography for "Pilot" took place over fourteen days during March 1993; using a budget of US$2 million, the scenes were filmed in and around the Vancouver area. Vancouver would remain the area for production for the next five years, although production would move to Los Angeles from the beginning of the sixth season at the behest of Duchovny.
Plot
Outside the Oregon town of Bellefleur, teenager Karen Swenson is seen fleeing through the forest at night. When she falls, a dark figure approaches, and they both become enveloped in light. Swenson's body is later found by Bellefleur detectives, with two small marks on her lower back.
Later, in Washington, D.C., FBI Special Agent Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) is summoned to a meeting with Division Chief Scott Blevins (Charles Cioffi) and a seemingly anonymous official, The Smoking Man (William B. Davis). She is assigned to work with Special Agent Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) on the X-Files, an obscure FBI section covering unexplained phenomena. Blevins has assigned Scully for the implicit, albeit unacknowledged, purpose of using her scientific knowledge to debunk Mulder's work.
Scully introduces herself to Mulder, who shows her evidence from the Swenson case. He notes that she was the fourth member of her high school class to die under mysterious circumstances. He also notes an unknown organic compound found in the tissue surrounding the marks on her body, as well as similarities between her death and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie%20Nyombayire | Stephanie Nyombayire (born December 1986) is the Director General of Communication in Office of the President of Rwanda, a representative for the Genocide Intervention Network, and a Rwandan native. She graduated from Kent School in Kent, Connecticut in 2004 and Swarthmore College in Swarthmore, Pennsylvania in June 2008.
Stephanie lost dozens of her family members in the Rwandan genocide in 1994, although she herself was not in the country at the time. As a result, she felt particularly attuned to situations of genocide, and in 2004, joined with Mark Hanis and Andrew Sniderman to form the Genocide Intervention Network to advocate for intervention in the Darfur conflict in Sudan.
In 2005, Stephanie was asked to introduce President Bill Clinton at the 2005 Campus Progress National Student Conference on behalf of GI-Net. Highlighting Clinton's apology for the world's inaction during the Rwandan genocide, Nyombayire encouraged the audience to "always follow our words with action."
Also in 2005, Stephanie traveled to Darfurian refugee camps in Chad after she was denied entry to Sudan. Her trip, along with fellow students from Georgetown and Boston University, was documented in the film "Translating Genocide," which premiered on MTV on March 12, 2006.
In 2007, Stephanie was named one Glamour magazine's Top Ten College Women for her work on Darfur. Stephanie was honored by Rwandan First Lady Jeannette Kagame for her role in founding the Genocide Intervention Network, and in 2008 was invited to speak on a Clinton Global Initiative panel on student activism.
External links
Biography on the Genocide Intervention Network website
Information from the MTVu website
Feature on Stephanie and other student activists on Darfur from the Swarthmore College website
"MTVUniversity Names Swarthmore Freshman 'Sudan Correspondent'," press release from Swarthmore College, 14 March 2005
"Building Peace on Campus and Beyond," Clinton Global Initiative panel, March 15, 2008
News Coverage
"Telling the stories of Sudan's horror," Delaware County Times, March 20, 2005
"Students take action to aid Sudan," The Philadelphia Inquirer, April 11, 2005
"Rwandan teen, excelling in U.S., now lobbies for Darfur aid," Associated Press, June 14, 2005
"Learning from the tragedy of the past," The Dallas Morning News, July 2, 2005
Transcript of Stephanie Nyombayire's introduction of former President Bill Clinton, Campus Progress National Student Conference, July 13, 2005
"3 Students' Perspective on Tragedy of Darfur," The New York Times, March 11, 2006
"A student, 16, confronts the unthinkable," The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 14, 2006
"Glamour Hero: She lost 100 family members to genocide," Glamour magazine, March 1, 2007
"She's battling genocide," Glamour magazine, May 1, 2007
"Rwandan Native Stephanie Nyombayire will not Sleep Until the World Wakes Up," ObaaSema Magazine, April 15, 2007
"Stephanie Nyombayire '08 Honored by Rwanda's First Lady," Swarthmore College Ne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep%20Throat%20%28The%20X-Files%20episode%29 | "Deep Throat" is the second episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. This episode premiered on the Fox network on September 17, 1993. Written by series creator Chris Carter and directed by Daniel Sackheim, the episode introduces several elements which became staples of the series' mythology.
In this television series, FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) investigate cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder believes in paranormal phenomena, while the skeptical Scully attempts to discredit them. In this episode, the pair investigate a possible conspiracy in the United States Air Force, and Mulder meets a mysterious informant who warns him to stay away from the case. Undeterred, Mulder continues and comes closer to the truth about extraterrestrial life than ever before, only to have his progress stalled and findings taken from him, yet again.
The episode introduces the character of Deep Throat, played by Jerry Hardin, who serves as Mulder's informant in the first season. The character was inspired by the historical Deep Throat and serves to bridge the gap between the protagonists and the conspirators they would investigate. The episode itself focuses on common elements of ufology, in a setting reminiscent of Area 51 and Nellis Air Force Base. It contains several special effects that Chris Carter later described as "good, given the [series'] restrictions"; although he singled out the scenes featuring blinking lights as being poorly executed. In its initial U.S. broadcast, "Deep Throat" was viewed by approximately 6.9 million households and 11.1 million viewers and attracted positive reviews from critics.
Plot
In southwestern Idaho, near Ellens Air Force Base, military police raid the home of Colonel Robert Budahas, who has barricaded himself inside after stealing a military vehicle. The authorities find Budahas trembling and covered in rashes.
Four months later, FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) meet at a Washington bar to discuss the case. Mulder explains that Budahas, a test pilot, has not been seen since the raid and the military will not comment on his condition; the FBI has refused to investigate. Mulder claims that six other pilots are missing at the base, which is subject to rumors about experimental aircraft. While using the bar's restroom, Mulder is approached by a mysterious informant named "Deep Throat" (Jerry Hardin), who cautions him to avoid the case. He claims that Mulder is under surveillance, which later proves to be true.
Mulder and Scully travel to Idaho and meet with Budahas' wife, Anita, who claims her husband exhibited erratic behavior before his disappearance. She tells them about a neighborwhom the agents visitwhose husband is also a test pilot who has been behaving oddly. Scully makes an appointment with the base's director, Colonel Kissell, but he refuses to talk when they visit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gellish | Gellish is an ontology language for data storage and communication, designed and developed by Andries van Renssen since mid-1990s. It started out as an engineering modeling language ("Generic Engineering Language", giving it the name, "Gellish") but evolved into a universal and extendable conceptual data modeling language with general applications. Because it includes domain-specific terminology and definitions, it is also a semantic data modelling language and the Gellish modeling methodology is a member of the family of semantic modeling methodologies.
Although its concepts have 'names' and definitions in various natural languages, Gellish is a natural-language-independent formal language. Any natural language variant, such as Gellish Formal English is a controlled natural language. Information and knowledge can be expressed in such a way that it is computer-interpretable, as well as system-independent and natural language independent. Each natural language variant is a structured subset of that natural language and is suitable for information modeling and knowledge representation in that particular language. All expressions, concepts and individual things are represented in Gellish by (numeric) unique identifiers (Gellish UID's). This enables software to translate expressions from one formal natural language to any other formal natural languages.
Overview
Gellish is intended for the expression of facts (statements), queries, answers, etc. For example, for the complete and unambiguous specification of business processes, products, facilities and physical processes; for information about their purchasing, fabrication, installation, operation and maintenance; and for the exchange of such information between systems, although in a system-independent, computer-interpretable and language-independent way. It is also intended for the expression of knowledge and requirements about such things.
The definition of Gellish can be derived from the definition of Gellish Formal English by considering 'expressions' as relations between the Unique Identifiers only. The definition of Gellish Formal English is provided in the Gellish English Dictionary-Taxonomy, which is a large 'smart dictionary' of concepts with relations between those concepts (earlier it was called STEPlib). The Dictionary-Taxonomy is called a 'smart dictionary', because the concepts are arranged in a subtype-supertype hierarchy, making it a taxonomy that supports inheritance of properties from supertype concepts to subtype concepts. Furthermore, because together with other relations between the concepts, the smart dictionary is extended into an ontology. Gellish has basically an extended object-relation-object structure to express facts by relations, whereas each fact may be accompanied by a number of auxiliary facts about the main fact. Examples of auxiliary facts are author, date, status, etc. To enable an unambiguous interpretation, Gellish includes the definition of a large number ( |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squeeze%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Squeeze" is the third episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. It premiered on the Fox network on September 24, 1993. "Squeeze" was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong and directed by Harry Longstreet, with Michael Katleman directing additional footage. The episode featured the first of two guest appearances by Doug Hutchison as the mutant serial killer Eugene Victor Tooms, a role he would reprise in "Tooms". "Squeeze" is the first "monster-of-the-week" episode of The X-Files, unconnected to the series' overarching mythology.
The show's main characters are FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate a series of ritualistic killings by somebody seemingly capable of squeezing his body through impossibly narrow gaps. The agents deduce that their suspect may be a genetic mutant who has been killing in sprees for ninety years.
Production of "Squeeze" was problematic; creative differences between Longstreet and the crew led to him being replaced as director, while some missing scenes needed to be shot after the initial filming. Because of these issues, the completion of the episode relied on post-production techniques. However, "Squeeze" has received positive reviews from critics and the episode has subsequently been described by The Star as "the episode that really sold The X-Files idea to the masses". Academics have examined "Squeeze" for its portrayal of the politics of law enforcement, highlighting the tension—evident throughout the series—between the agents' desire to find the truth and their duty to secure criminal convictions.
Plot
In Baltimore, businessman George Usher arrives at his office building. He is watched from a storm drain by someone who then infiltrates the building by climbing through the elevator shaft into the ventilation system, kills Usher, and removes his liver.
Usher's murder, the latest of three, is assigned to careerist FBI agent Tom Colton (Donal Logue), who turns to Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) for help. Colton is baffled by the lack of entry points at the crime scenes and by the apparent removal of the livers with bare hands. Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) notes their similarity to earlier murder sprees from 1933 and 1963. At the scene, he notices an elongated fingerprint on the air vent, which he finds to be similar to some documented in the X-Files. He concludes that because five murders occurred during the earlier sprees, the investigators should expect two more.
Because Scully believes that the killer will return to the scenes of his earlier crimes, she and Mulder wait in the parking garage of the office building. There, they catch a man named Eugene Victor Tooms (Doug Hutchison) climbing through the air vents. Tooms is g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Jersey%20Devil%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "The Jersey Devil" is the fifth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on October 8, 1993. It was written by series creator Chris Carter, directed by Joe Napolitano, and featured guest appearances by Gregory Sierra, Wayne Tippit and Claire Stansfield. Although the episode is the series' second "Monster-of-the-Week" story—after the earlier "Squeeze"—it was the first to have been written by Carter.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate seemingly cannibalistic murders in New Jersey. The two later come across what seems to be an evolutionary relict which may have inspired tales of the Jersey Devil.
Carter was inspired to write "The Jersey Devil" after reading an essay by E. O. Wilson regarding ants; Carter, in turn, wrote a story that posed whether mankind was hellbent on its own extinction. The concept of mankind being carnivores and eating its own tail evolved into the idea of using an evolutionary mutation that was a throwback to the Neanderthal. The purpose of the scenes with Scully going on a date were to show the life she was passing up to work on the X-Files and to open up Scully to the audience.
Plot
In 1947, a motorist is attacked while fixing a flat tire near the Pine Barrens in New Jersey. His corpse is later found with its leg chewed off, and a hairy humanoid is killed nearby.
In present-day Washington D.C., Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) brings to Fox Mulder's (David Duchovny) attention news about a body found in New Jersey with its arm and shoulder missing. Upon arriving at the Atlantic City morgue, they discover that the body was eaten by a human. However, the local detective, Thompson, denies the agents access to the investigation. Scully returns to Washington to attend her godson's birthday party while Mulder stays in New Jersey. At the party, Scully meets Rob, the divorced father of one of the guests. Meanwhile, a homeless man shows Mulder a drawing of a humanoid creature which he and other homeless people seen and which the police are aware of. Mulder gives his hotel room key to the man and sleeps in the alley, where he sees a shadowy, human-like creature. He chases the creature but is arrested before he can catch it.
The next morning, Mulder calls Scully to post his bail. Afterwards, Scully brings Mulder to meet with Dr. Diamond, a professor of anthropology at the University of Maryland, before going on a date with Rob. Peter Boulle, a local park ranger, contacts Mulder after finding the corpse of a wild man in the woods who he believes could be the Jersey Devil. The agents bring Boulle and Dr. Diamond to the morgue, where the body has mysteriously vanished. Mulder believes that the Jersey Devil they are hunting is actually the creature's mate, who has come to Atlantic City in search |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadows%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Shadows" is the sixth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on October 22, 1993. It was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, directed by Michael Katleman, and featured guest appearances by Barry Primus and Lisa Waltz. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Shadows" earned a Nielsen household rating of 5.9, being watched by 5.6 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode was not well-received by the production staff and received mixed reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully investigate the death of two muggers and encounter an office worker who may be haunted by the spirit of her dead boss, who is using her to uncover his murderer; and discover covert arms deals made with Middle Eastern radicals.
This episode, inspired by the 1982 horror film The Entity, was written due to insistence that the creators write more episodes where Mulder and Scully help people. This allowed the writers some space to create other episodes they had in mind.
Plot
Two muggers are found dead in a back alley of Philadelphia after robbing a woman, Lauren Kyte, at an automated teller machine. FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) investigate the case when called in by a pair of agents from an unknown agency. The bodies are found to have an electrical charge and their throats have been crushed from the inside. Meanwhile, Lauren sees her boss, Robert Dorlund, and resigns from her job due to grief over the death of Dorlund's partner, Howard Graves, who supposedly committed suicide weeks before.
Mulder and Scully determine that one of the dead muggers belonged to an Islamic terrorist group, the Isfahan, and using the ATM video are able to track down Lauren. A screenshot of the video reveals a blurry figure who appears to be Howard Graves. When the agents meet with Lauren at her home, she reluctantly admits to the incident but knows nothing about the murders. Upon leaving, the agents find their car going out of control on its own, leading it to crash into another car. At a repair shop, the car is found to have no evidence of tampering, but an electrical charge is detected within it.
Upon visiting Graves' headstone, the agents learn of his purported suicide and the death of his daughter at a young age, who would have been Lauren's age were she still alive. Scully suspects that Graves faked his death, but on consulting the pathologist who examined his body and testing the organs he donated to others, it is proved that he is really dead. Meanwhile, Lauren witnesses a vision at night, including blood appearing in the bathtub, that leads her to believe that Graves was murdered. At her going-away party, Lauren is threatened by Do |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20in%20the%20Machine%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Ghost in the Machine" is the seventh episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on October 29, 1993. It was written by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa, and directed by Jerrold Freedman. The episode featured guest appearances by Wayne Duvall and Rob LaBelle, and saw Jerry Hardin reprise his role as Deep Throat for the first time since the character's introduction. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Ghost in the Machine" earned a Nielsen household rating of 5.9, being watched by 5.6 million households in its initial broadcast, and received mixed reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder is asked by his old partner from the Behavioral Analysis Unit to aid an investigation into a murder at a software company. Soon, he and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) uncover a malevolent artificial intelligence which has started killing to protect itself.
Writers Gordon and Gansa have admitted they were "not computer literate" and felt this was a detriment to their writing. The scenes set at the software company Eurisko were filmed at the Metrotower complex in Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, a building used by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. The location was barely big enough for the actors to perform in after the crew had finished setting up the necessary equipment. Mulder and Scully would once again face a malevolent AI in the William Gibson-penned fifth season episode "Kill Switch".
Plot
In the Crystal City, Virginia, headquarters of the software company Eurisko, founder Brad Wilczek and chief executive officer Benjamin Drake argue about downsizing measures. After Wilczek leaves, Drake writes a memo proposing to shut down the Central Operating System (COS), a computer which runs the Eurisko Building. Seeing this through a surveillance camera, the COS sets up a trap and lures Drake into a bathroom, locking the door behind him. Drake tries to use his keycard to open it, but it rejects the card. When he inserts a manual override key, he is fatally electrocuted.
FBI Agent Jerry Lamana, Fox Mulder's former partner in the Behavioral Analysis Unit, approaches him and Dana Scully for help in investigating Drake's murder. On their way up to Drake's office, the agents' elevator stalls, causing Scully to call the front desk for help; as she identifies herself, the COS records her contact information before reactivating the elevator. While examining the crime scene, the agents meet Claude Peterson, the Eurisko Building's systems engineer. Later, Lamana steals Mulder's profile of the supposed killer and presents it under his name; an outraged Mulder confronts him afterwards.
Mulder and Scully question Wilczek, who denies any involvement in the murder. Scully initially d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FELICS | FELICS, which stands for Fast Efficient & Lossless Image Compression System, is a lossless image compression algorithm
that performs 5-times faster than the original lossless JPEG codec and achieves a similar compression ratio.
History
It was invented by Paul G. Howard and Jeffrey S. Vitter of the Department of Computer Science at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, USA, and was first presented at the 1993 IEEE Data Compression Conference in Snowbird, Utah. It was successfully implemented in hardware and deployed as part of HiRISE on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter.
Principle
Like other lossless codecs for continuous-tone images, FELICS operates by decorrelating the image and encoding it with an entropy coder. The decorrelation is the context where
and where are the pixel's two nearest neighbors (causal, already coded and known at the decoder) used for providing the context to code the
present pixel .
Except at the top and left edges, these are the pixel above and the pixel to the left.
For example, the neighbors of pixel X in the diagram are A and B, but if X were at the left side, its neighbors would be B and D.
P lies within the closed interval [L, H] roughly half the time.
Otherwise, it is above H or below L. These can be encoded as 1, 01, and 00 respectively (p. 4).
The following figure shows the (idealized) histogram
of the pixels and their intensity values along the x-axis, and frequency of occurrence along the y-axis.
The distribution of P within the range [L, H] is nearly uniform with a minor peak near the center of this range.
When P falls in the range [L, H], P − L is encoded using an adjusted binary code such that values in the center of the range use floor(log2(Δ + 1)) bits and values at the ends use ceil (log2(Δ + 1)) bits (p. 2).
For example, when Δ = 11, the codes for P − L in 0 to 11 may be 0000, 0001, 0010, 0011, 010, 011, 100, 101, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1111.
Outside the range, P tends to follow a geometric distribution on each side (p. 3).
It is encoded using a Rice code with parameters chosen based on previous choices.
For each Δ and each possible Rice code parameter k, the algorithm keeps track of the total number of bits that would have been used to encode pixels outside the range.
Then for each pixel, it chooses the Rice code with the based on Δ at the pixel.
Improvements
FELICS improvements include methods for estimating Δ and estimating k.
For instance, Howard and Vitter's article recognizes that relatively flat areas (with small Δ, especially where L = H) may have some noise, and compression performance in these areas improves by widening the interval, increasing the effective Δ.
It is also possible to estimate the optimal k for a given Δ based on the mean of all prediction residues seen so far, which is faster and uses less memory than computing the number of bits used for each k.
See also
JPEG-LS
PNG
Exif - Exchangeable image file format
GIMP
Image compression
Image file formats
Comparison of graph |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Ice" is the eighth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on November 5, 1993. It was directed by David Nutter and written by Glen Morgan and James Wong. The debut broadcast of "Ice" was watched by 10 million viewers in 6.2 million households. The episode received positive reviews at large from critics, who praised its tense atmosphere.
The plot of the episode shows FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) investigating the deaths of an Alaskan research team. Isolated and alone, the agents and their accompanying team discover the existence of extraterrestrial parasitic organisms that drive their hosts into impulsive fits of rage.
The episode was inspired by an article in Science News about an excavation in Greenland, and series creator Chris Carter also cited John W. Campbell's 1938 novella Who Goes There?, the inspiration for the films The Thing from Another World (1951) and The Thing (1982), as an influence. Although the producers thought that "Ice" would save money by being shot in a single location, it ended up exceeding its own production budget.
Plot
A mass murder–suicide occurs among a team of geophysicists at an outpost in Icy Cape, Alaska. FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) head for the outpost, accompanied by physician Dr. Hodge (Xander Berkeley); toxicologist Dr. Da Silva (Felicity Huffman); geologist Dr. Murphy (Steve Hytner); and Bear (Jeff Kober), their pilot. Along with the scientists' bodies the group finds a dog, which attacks Mulder and Bear. Scully notices black nodules on its skin and suspects that it may be infected with bubonic plague; she also notices a rash on its neck and movement beneath its skin. Although Bear, who was bitten by the dog, becomes ill and develops similar nodules on his body, autopsies reveal no such nodules on the bodies of the scientists.
Murphy finds an ice core sample believed to have originated from a meteor crater and theorizes that the sample might be 250,000 years old. Although Bear insists on leaving, the others are concerned about infecting the outside world. When Bear is asked to provide a stool sample, he attacks Mulder and tries to flee. Something moves under Bear's skin, and he dies when Hodge makes an incision there and removes what turns out to be a small worm from the back of his neck. Now without a pilot, the group is informed that evacuation is impossible because of an oncoming storm.
The worm removed from Bear is kept in a jar, and another is recovered from one of the scientists' bodies. Mulder, believing that the worms are extraterrestrial, wants them kept alive, but Scully feels they should be destroyed to prevent infection. The group check each other for black nodules and find none, although Mulder reminds Scully that the nodules disappeared from the dog over time. He wakes in the night and finds Murphy in the freezer with hi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Space" is the ninth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on November 12, 1993. It was written by series creator Chris Carter, directed by William Graham, and featured guest appearances by Ed Lauter and Susanna Thompson. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Space" earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.5, being watched by 6.1 million households in its initial broadcast, and received negative reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When investigating possible sabotage in NASA's Space Shuttle program, Mulder and Scully find that an astronaut who had been Mulder's childhood hero may be possessed by an extraterrestrial spirit.
Carter was inspired to write "Space" after reading about news of the "face on Mars"—an instance of pareidolia wherein a mound in the Cydonia region of Mars was taken to resemble a human face. The episode was conceived as a low budget bottle episode, due to several earlier episodes having exceeded their budgets. Although the episode made use of a significant amount of inexpensive stock footage from NASA, the construction of the Mission Control set was subject to cost overruns, eventually leading the episode to become the most expensive of the first season.
Plot
In 1977, after the discovery of a face sculpted into the landscape of Mars, Lt. Col. Marcus Aurelius Belt (Ed Lauter), an astronaut, is plagued by flashbacks of an encounter with the disembodied face during a spacewalk. Sixteen years later, Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) are approached by Michelle Generoo (Susanna Thompson), a communications commander for NASA's Mission Control. Generoo believes that someone within NASA is sabotaging launch attempts. A recent Space Shuttle liftoff was aborted seconds before commencement, and Generoo fears the next launch will be similarly compromised. She also has a personal interest, as her fiancé will be aboard the next mission.
Mulder and Scully travel to NASA and meet Belt, a childhood hero of Mulder's. Belt, who now manages the Space Shuttle program, dismisses the agents' concerns and states that nothing can possibly go wrong with the mission. He allows the agents to watch the successful launch from Mission Control. As the agents are leaving, however, Generoo informs them that contact has been lost with the shuttle in orbit. While driving back to NASA, she sees the face come at her through her windshield, causing her to crash her car. The agents manage to get her out of her overturned car and, despite being injured, she manages to get back to Mission Control.
The shuttle has moved into direct sunlight and Mission Control is unable to rotate it into a safe position, putting the astronauts' lives in danger. Generoo believes that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okumura%20model | The Okumura model is a radio propagation model that was built using the data collected in the city of Tokyo, Japan. The model is ideal for using in cities with many urban structures but not many tall blocking structures. The model served as a base for the Hata model.
Okumura model was built into three modes. The ones for urban, suburban and open areas. The model for urban areas was built first and used as the base for others.
Coverage
Frequency: 150–1920 MHz
Mobile station antenna height: between 1 m and 3 m
Base station antenna height: between 30 m and 100 m
Link distance: between 1 km and 100 km
Mathematical formulation
The Okumura model is formally expressed as:
where,
L = The median path loss. Unit: Decibel (dB)
LFSL = The free space loss. Unit: decibel (dB)
AMU = Median attenuation. Unit: decibel (dB)
HMG = Mobile station antenna height gain factor.
HBG = Base station antenna height gain factor.
Kcorrection = Correction factor gain (such as type of environment, water surfaces, isolated obstacle etc.)
Points to note
Okumura's model is one of the most widely used models for signal prediction in urban areas. This model is applicable for frequencies in the range 150–1920 MHz (although it is typically extrapolated up to 3000 MHz) and distances of 1–100 km. It can be used for base-station antenna heights ranging from 30–1000 m.
Okumura developed a set of curves giving the median attenuation relative to free space (Amu), in an urban area over a quasi-smooth terrain with a base station effective antenna height () of 200 m and a mobile antenna height (hre) of 3 m. These curves were developed from extensive measurements using vertical omni-directional antennas at both the base and mobile, and are plotted as a function of frequency in the range 100–1920 MHz and as a function of distance from the base station in the range 1–100 km. To determine path
loss using Okumura's model, the free space path loss between the points of interest is first determined, and then the value of Amu(f, d) (as read from the curves) is added to it along with correction factors to account for the type of terrain. The model can be expressed as
where L50 is the 50th percentile (i.e., median) value of propagation path loss, LF is the free space propagation loss, Amu is the median attenuation relative to free space, G() is the base station antenna height gain factor, G(hre) is the mobile antenna height gain factor, and GAREA is the gain due to the type of environment.
Note that the antenna height gains are strictly a function of height and have nothing to do with antenna patterns.
Plots of Amu(f, d) and GAREA for a wide range of frequencies are shown in Figure 3,23 and Figure 3.24. Furthermore, Okumura found that G() varies at a rate of 20 dB/decade and G(hre) varies at a rate of 10 dB/decade for heights less than 3 m.
G() = 20 log(/200) 1000 m > > 30 m
G(hre) = 10 log(hre/3) hre <= 3 m
G(hre) = 20 log (hre/3) 10 m > hre > 3 m
Other correctio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Prague | The Prague tramway network is the largest tram network in the Czech Republic, consisting of of track, 882 tram vehicles (one of the largest fleets in the world) and 26 daytime routes, 2 historical and 10 night routes with a total route length of . It is operated by Dopravní podnik hlavního města Prahy a.s., a company owned by the city of Prague. The network is a part of Prague Integrated Transport, the city's integrated public transport system.
Prague's first horsecar tram line was opened in 1875, and the first electric tram ran in 1891. Expansion plans were scaled down since the 1970s with the introduction of Prague Metro, however trams still serve a crucial transit and tourist element serving Prague's city centre as well as Prague's suburbs.
The Prague tram system (including the Petřín funicular) served 373.4 million passengers in 2018, the highest number in the world after Budapest. Rolling stock for the network consists solely of trams built locally; mainly classic Tatra trams and low-floor Škoda stock.
History
Beginnings
Horse trams
In 1873, Bernhard Kollmann and Zdeněk Kinský founded the Anglo-Czech Tramway Company. On 5 March 1873, the company received a concession to build and operate a horse-drawn street railway using a horse-drawn tram. Financial reasons meant the plan was eventually not implemented.
The first tracks were laid in the streets of Prague from 3 or 4 May 1875, and the first railway section was laid along the former riding barracks (today's Palladium) to the former U Bažanta Inn, which stood on the site of today's YMCA Palace. The first route of the horse-drawn tram was put into operation by the Belgian entrepreneur Eduard Otlet on 23 September 1875 at 3:15 PM, on the Karlín - National Theater route.
This way lead to the theater, along the Národní Třída street. Tracks went approximately in direction of today's Metro Line B. In 1876, the track was extended west of the National Theater, through the Újezd hub to the Smíchov Railway Station. In 1882, the network was extended to Vinohrady and Žižkov. At that time, they were independent suburbs of Prague, but now they are incorporated into city. In 1883, the size of the entire network consisted of of rail.
Finding the right successor
By 1886, various ideas had been floated for steam trams. On September 30, 1890, the mayor of Královské Vinohrady, Jan Friedländer, proposed to the Prague City Council the construction of three lines to serve the city of Královské Vinohrady with the idea to connect them with Prague. A special committee appointed by the Prague City Council rejected the project and recommended electric trams.
Electric trams
In 1891, Prague got its first electric tram line located in Letná, a popular place for recreation in Prague. This line :cs:Elektrická dráha na Letné v Praze had mainly a promotional purpose and led from the upper terminal of the Letná funicular :cs:Lanová dráha na Letnou to the pavilion of the Jubilee Exhibition through Ovenecká street. T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HashKeeper | HashKeeper is a database application of value primarily to those conducting forensic examinations of computers on a somewhat regular basis.
Overview
HashKeeper uses the MD5 file signature algorithm to establish unique numeric identifiers (hash values) for files "known to be good" and "known to be bad."
The HashKeeper application was developed to reduce the amount of time required to examine files on digital media. Once an examiner defines a file as known to be good, the examiner need not repeat that analysis.
HashKeeper compares hash values of known to be good files against the hash values of files on a computer system. Where those values match "known to be good" files, the examiner can say, with substantial certainty, that the corresponding files on the computer system have been previously identified as known to be good and therefore do not need to be examined.
Where those values match known to be bad files, the examiner can say with substantial certainty that the corresponding files on the system being examined that the files are bad and therefore require further scrutiny. A hash match on known to be bad files does not relieve the examiner of the responsibility of verifying that the file or files are, in fact, of a criminal nature.
History
Created by the National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)—a component of the United States Department of Justice—in 1996, it was the first large scale source for hash values of "known to be good" and "known to be bad" files. HashKeeper was, and still is, the only community effort based upon the belief that members of state, national, and international law enforcement agencies can be trusted to submit properly categorized hash values. One of the first community sources of "known to be good" hash values was the United States Internal Revenue Service. The first source of "known to be bad" hash values was the Luxembourg Police who contributed hash values of recognized child pornography.
Availability
HashKeeper is available, free-of-charge, to law enforcement, military and other government agencies throughout the world. It is available to the public by sending a Freedom of Information Act request to NDIC.
In the 2012 United States budget, NDIC was de-funded and closed its doors on June 16, 2012. The availability and future of HashKeeper is uncertain.
Sources
HashKeeper Overview, National Drug Intelligence Center.
See also
National Software Reference Library
Rainbow table
References
http://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/ndic-moved.html
http://www.nsrl.nist.gov/nsrl-faqs.html#faq12
Computer forensics
Digital forensics software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barasso | Barasso (, Varesino dialect Baràs) is a town and comune located in the province of Varese in the Lombardy region of northern Italy.
Barasso has a population of 1657 people (based on December 2020 data). In the fourth century, Emperor Theodosius I commissioned S.Giulio to build a church there.
References
External links
http://www.comune.barasso.va.it
Oltrona al Lago
Cities and towns in Lombardy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WMLScript | WMLScript is a procedural programming language and dialect of JavaScript used for WML pages and is part of the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP).
WMLScript is a client-side scripting language and is similar to JavaScript. Just like JavaScript WMLScript is used for tasks such as user input validation, generation of error message and other Dialog boxes etc.
WMLScript is based on ECMAScript (European Computer Manufacturers Association Script), which is JavaScript's standardized version. Thus the syntax of WMLScript is similar to JavaScript but not fully compatible.
Despite the syntactical similarities, they are two different languages. WMLScript does not have objects or array, which JavaScript has. On the other hand, it allows you to declare and include external functions from other scripts. WMLScript is optimised for low power and is a compiled language.
References
Open Mobile Alliance standards
Scripting languages
Mobile software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel%20Erotica | Hotel Erotica is a softcore porn anthology television show that was broadcast on the Cinemax cable television channel. It was also broadcast in the after hours timeslot on The Movie Network.
The show format usually involved the hotel's proprietor reading a letter from a former guest talking about their adventure at the hotel. The episode would then be a flashback of the guest coming to the hotel and falling in love with someone. The hotel proprietor was initially Chloe Wilson (played by Lauren Hays) in the first season. In the second season it was Jenny (played by Tina Wiseman). Three years later, the show was relaunched as Hotel Erotica Cabo which followed a similar format.
Many notable softcore and hardcore porn stars appeared on the show, such as Beverly Lynne, Monique Parent, Angela Davies, Jenna Jameson, Ron Jeremy, and future WWE wrestler Candice Michelle. Hotel Erotica was created, produced, and directed by Gary Orona.
Several episodes were filmed at the Sorrel River Ranch Resort in Moab, Utah.
Episodes
Season 1 (2002)
"X-Treme Sports" – October 4, 2002
"Model Behavior" – October 11, 2002
"The Fast and the Curious" – October 18, 2002
"Chat Room" – October 25, 2002
"She's the Boss" – November 1, 2002
"Chasing Jamie" – November 8, 2002
"Falling in Lust Again" – November 15, 2002
"Blue Plate Special" – November 22, 2002
"Legally Yours" – November 29, 2002
"Heart's Desire" – December 6, 2002
"The Competition" – December 13, 2002
"Lust Takes a Holiday" – December 20, 2002
"Love Potion No. 10" – December 27, 2002
Season 2 (2003)
"Maid Service" – October 3, 2003
"Talking Dirty" – October 10, 2003
"Stakeout" – October 17, 2003
"Lisa Comes Out" – October 24, 2003
"Opposites Attract" – October 31, 2003
"High School Crush" – November 7, 2003
"Bewitched & Bewildered" – November 14, 2003
"The Hookup" – November 21, 2003
"Kat & Mouse" – November 28, 2003
"Screwed Up" – December 5, 2003
"Layover" – December 12, 2003
"Hot and Bothered" – December 19, 2003
"Secret Admirer" – December 26, 2003
References
External links
2002 American television series debuts
2003 American television series endings
2000s American drama television series
2000s American romance television series
Hotels in fiction
Cinemax original programming
Television series by Warner Bros. Television Studios
Erotic television series |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Channel%20%28British%20and%20Irish%20TV%20channel%29 | Discovery Channel (often referred to as simply Discovery) is a British pay television channel, operated by Warner Bros. Discovery. Its programming is based on programming produced by Discovery Networks Europe, Discovery Channel Canada and Discovery Channel from the US.
History
It first became available in the UK on 1 April 1989 when Discovery Channel Europe was launched. It was the first extension of the Discovery Channel outside the United States.
Prior to 1993, satellite viewers in the UK could receive the channel from Intelsat satellites at 27.5° West. In July 1993, the Discovery Channel launched on the Astra 1C analogue satellite on the popular 19.2° East position where it used to broadcast only in the evening, starting at 4pm. On Astra, the daytime space was filled by CMT Europe until 1994, when TLC (later on Discovery Home & Leisure) moved there. Eventually, Discovery Home & Leisure would broadcast until 4pm when Discovery Channel would take over, and broadcast for ten hours until 2am.
On 19 August 1998, it was announced that with the launch of Sky Digital on October 1 1998, Discovery Channel would expand its broadcast hours to begin at 8am, now broadcasting for 18 hours per day. This did not apply to the analogue version which kept its start time at 4pm. On the same day, it was announced that several new Discovery networks would launch, one of which was the timeshift service Discovery +1, the first of its kind in the UK.
Analogue broadcasts were terminated in 2001.
On 22 May 2006, Discovery HD was made available on Sky as part of the Sky HD launch lineup. It was also made available on Virgin Media's cable service on 1 April 2010. From 30 June 2011 Discovery HD began to simulcast Discovery Channel in high-definition rather than use a separate schedule.
The channel briefly had a 90-minute timeshift, called Discovery Channel +1.5. It launched on 25 June 2007. It was replaced by Discovery Science +1 on 21 April 2008.
An Irish advertising feed was launched in 2010. Sky Media Ireland operates the channel's output in terms of advertising, sponsorship and scheduling.
In January 2011, Discovery Channel UK released its new look which places its emphasis on the D-globe logo. The project was created by DixonBaxi and Double G Studios.
On 25 January 2017, Discovery UK announced that they were in a dispute over the fees paid by Sky for broadcast rights and for a time it seemed as though the channels could be removed from the platform after the end of that month. However, an agreement was reached and programming continued uninterrupted.
On 28 November 2022, Discovery launched on BT TV and it launched in the BT TV Player as well and it will be added from value packages as well.
Programming
MythBusters
American Chopper
Extreme Engineering
How Do They Do It?
How It's Made
Deadliest Catch
Storm Chasers
Man vs. Wild (known as Bear Grylls: Born Survivor)
Modern Top Ten
Wheeler Dealers
Coal
Fifth Gear
Bugs, Bites and Parasites
X-Ray Mega Airport
Richa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Goldberg | David Edward Goldberg (born September 26, 1953) is an American computer scientist, civil engineer, and former professor. Until 2010, he was a professor in the department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering (IESE) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was noted for his work in the field of genetic algorithms. He was the director of the Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory (Illigal ) and the co-founder & chief scientist of Nextumi, which later changed its name to ShareThis. He is the author of Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning, one of the most cited books in computer science.
Early life and education
David E. Goldberg received a Ph.D. in civil engineering in 1983 from the University of Michigan. His advisors were E. Benjamin Wylie and John Henry Holland. His students including Kalyanmoy Deb, Jeff Horn, and Hillol Kargupta.
In 2003 David Goldberg was appointed as the first holder of Jerry S. Dobrovolny Professorship in Entrepreneurial Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Publications
1983. Computer-aided gas pipeline operation using genetic algorithms and rule learning, Ph.D. thesis. University of Michigan. Ann Arbor, MI.
1989. Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization and Machine Learning. Addison-Wesley.
1991. Real-coded genetic algorithms, virtual alphabets, and blocking. Complex Systems 5, pp. 139–167.
1995. Life Skills and Leadership for Engineers. McGraw Hill
2002. The Design of Innovation: Lessons from and for Competent Genetic Algorithms. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
2006. The Entrepreneurial Engineer. Wiley.
2014. A Whole New Engineer, with Mark Somerville. ThreeJoy.
References
External links
Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory
Department of Industrial and Enterprise Systems Engineering
Distributed Innovation and Scalable Collaboration in Uncertain Settings
1953 births
American computer scientists
20th-century American Jews
Living people
Theoretical computer scientists
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
21st-century American Jews |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collisionless | Collisionless may refer to:
In information theory and computer science, computer networking architectures where collisions between packets of data cannot occur
In computer science, situations where collisions, or occurrences of the same value, cannot occur in a structure (and prevent reliable lookups)
In cosmology and physics, a medium in which the interaction cross-section between particles is so low that collisions between particles have no significant effect on the system. See Shock waves in astrophysics. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFWM | WFWM is a public broadcast radio station headquartered at Frostburg State University in the Stangle Building. WFWM provides 24 hours of cultural and educational programming to the westernmost area of Maryland and adjacent areas of West Virginia and Pennsylvania. WFWM's main transmitter is located on Dans Mountain in Midland, Maryland and operates at a frequency of 91.9 MHz. A secondary transmitter is located in Oakland, Maryland and operates at a frequency of 96.3 MHz.
Some of WFWM's daily programming includes: locally produced programming and news as well as the public syndicate network of National Public Radio (NPR), the Associated Press, and National Weather Service. WFWM's musical programming includes: Classical, Jazz, Big Band, Blues, Celtic, Bluegrass, World, and Alternative, but most of its time is devoted to NPR and PRI news and talk programming and classical music. To provide experiential learning opportunities in radio operations for students, WFWM also hosts a student-run station called XFSR, Frostburg Student Radio. XFSR is an intranet radio station only broadcasting over the Frostburg State University network and not on the internet.
History
The station went on the air as WGTK on 1984-05-17. On 1984-06-19, the station changed its call sign to the current WFWM.
Translators
In addition to the main station, WFWM is relayed by an additional translator to widen its broadcast area.
References
External links
FWM
FWM
NPR member stations
Radio stations established in 1984
1984 establishments in Maryland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LICS | LICS may refer to:
Leeds Industrial Co-operative Society
LICS (character set), Lotus International Character Set
LICS (conference), Symposium on Logic in Computer Science
Liberal and Centre Union (, LiCS), a Lithuanian political party
Logic in computer science, field of logic and computer science
See also
LIC (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presence%20service | Presence service is a network service which accepts, stores and distributes presence information.
Presence service may be implemented as a single server or have an internal structure involving multiple servers and proxies. There may be complex patterns of redirection and proxying while retaining logical connectivity to a single presence service. Also presence service may be implemented as direct communication among presentity and watchers, i.e. server is not required.
Functional entities to support presence service
Presence server
The Presence Server, that reside in the presentity's home network, is able to receive and manage presence information. It is a SIP Application Server and is located using SIP URLs.
See also
Unified communications
References
Day, M., J. Rosenberg, and H. Sugano. "A Model for Presence and Instant Messaging." RFC 2778. February 2000.
TS 23.141
Open Mobile Alliance - Presence Enabler
Computer networking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux%20color%20management | Linux color management has the same goal as the color management systems (CMS) for other operating systems, which is to achieve the best possible color reproduction throughout an imaging workflow from its source (camera, video, scanner, etc.), through imaging software (Digikam, darktable, RawTherapee, GIMP, Krita, Scribus, etc.), and finally onto an output medium (monitor, video projector, printer, etc.). In particular, color management attempts to enable color consistency across media and throughout a color-managed workflow.
Linux color management relies on the use of accurate ICC (International Color Consortium) and DCP (DNG Color Profile) profiles describing the behavior of input and output devices, and color-managed applications that are aware of these profiles. These applications perform gamut conversions between device profiles and color spaces. Gamut conversions, based on accurate device profiles, are the essence of color management.
Historically, color management was not an initial design consideration of the X Window System on which much of Linux graphics support rests, and thus color-managed workflows have been somewhat more challenging to implement on Linux than on other OS's such as Microsoft Windows or macOS. This situation is now being progressively remedied, and color management under Linux, while functional, has not yet acquired mature status. Although it is now possible to obtain a consistent color-managed workflow under Linux, certain problems still remain:
The absence of a central user control panel for color settings.
Some hardware devices for color calibration lack Linux drivers, firmware or accessory data.
Since ICC color profiles are written to an open specification, they are compatible across operating systems. Hence, a profile produced on one OS should work on any other OS given the availability of the necessary software to read it and perform the gamut conversions. This can be used as a workaround for the lack of support for certain spectrophotometers or colorimeters under Linux: one can simply produce a profile on a different OS and then use it in a Linux workflow. Additionally, certain hardware, such as most printers and certain monitors, can be calibrated under another OS and then used in a fully color-managed workflow on Linux.
The popular Ubuntu Linux distribution added initial color management in the 11.10 release (the "Oneiric Ocelot" release).
Requirements for a color-managed workflow
Accurate device profiles obtained with source or output characterization software.
Correctly loaded video card LUTs (or monitor profiles that do not require LUT adjustments).
Color-managed applications that are configured to use a correct monitor profile and input/output profiles, with support for control over the rendering intent and black point compensation.
Calibration and profiling requires:
for input devices (scanner, camera, etc.) a color target which the profiling software will compare to the manufacturer-provide |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3M%20computer | 3M was a goal first proposed in the early 1980s by Raj Reddy and his colleagues at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) as a minimum specification for academic/technical workstations: at least a megabyte of memory, a megapixel display and a million instructions per second (MIPS) processing power. It was also often said that it should cost no more than a "megapenny" ().
At that time a typical desktop computer such as an early IBM Personal Computer might have 1/8 of a megabyte of memory (128K), 1/4 of a million pixels (640400 monochrome display), and run at 1/3 million instructions per second ( 8088).
The concept was inspired by the Xerox Alto which had been designed in the 1970s at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Several Altos were donated to CMU, Stanford, and MIT in 1979.
An early 3M computer was the PERQ Workstation made by Three Rivers Computer Corporation. The PERQ had a 1 million P-codes (Pascal instructions) per second processor, 256 KB of RAM (upgradeable to 1 MB), and a 768×1024 pixel display on a display. While not quite a true 3M machine, it was used as the initial 3M machine for the CMU Scientific Personal Integrated Computing Environment (SPICE) workstation project.
The Stanford University Network SUN workstation, designed by Andy Bechtolsheim in 1980, is another example. It was then commercialized by Sun Microsystems in 1982. Apollo Computer (in the Route 128 region) announced the Apollo/Domain computer in 1981. By 1986, CMU stated that it expected at least two companies to introduce 3M computers by the end of the year, with academic pricing of and retail pricing of , and Stanford University planned to deploy them in computer labs. The first "megapenny" 3M workstation was the Sun-2/50 diskless desktop workstation with a list price of in 1986.
The original NeXT Computer was introduced in 1988 as a 3M machine by Steve Jobs, who first heard this term at Brown University. Its so-called "MegaPixel" display had just over (with 2 bits per pixel). However, floating point performance, powered with the Motorola 68882 FPU was only about .
Modern desktop computers exceed the 3M memory and speed requirements by many thousands of times, however screen pixels are only 2 (in the case of 1080p) to 8 (in the case of 4K) times larger (but full color so each pixel uses at least 24 times as many bits).
References
History of computing hardware
Carnegie Mellon University
Computer workstations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlanta%20Interfaith%20Broadcasters | AIB TV - Atlanta Interfaith Broadcasters is an interfaith, spiritual and educational television and internet network with its studios and offices located in Midtown Atlanta. The cable network can be viewed in 19 Atlanta Metro counties on Xfinity channel 295, along with AT&T U-verse channel 6. The network's programming is also available streaming individually on-demand and through a live stream of its air-feed worldwide from the station's website.
External links
AIB official website
Television stations in Atlanta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyatta | Vyatta is a software-based virtual router, virtual firewall and VPN product for Internet Protocol networks (IPv4 and IPv6). A free download of Vyatta has been available since March 2006. The system is a specialized Debian-based Linux distribution with networking applications such as Quagga, OpenVPN, and many others. A standardized management console, similar to Juniper JUNOS or Cisco IOS, in addition to a web-based GUI and traditional Linux system commands, provides configuration of the system and applications. In recent versions of Vyatta, web-based management interface is supplied only in the subscription edition. However, all functionality is available through KVM, serial console or SSH/telnet protocols. The software runs on standard x86-64 servers.
Vyatta is also delivered as a virtual machine file and can provide (, , VPN) functionality for Xen, VMware, KVM, Rackspace, SoftLayer, and Amazon EC2 virtual and cloud computing environments. As of October, 2012, Vyatta has also been available through Amazon Marketplace and can be purchased as a service to provide VPN, cloud bridging and other network functions to users of Amazon's AWS services.
Vyatta sells a subscription edition that includes all the functionality of the open source version as well as a graphical user interface, access to Vyatta's RESTful API's, Serial Support, TACACS+, Config Sync, System Image Cloning, software updates, 24x7 phone and email technical support, and training. Certification as a Vyatta Professional is now available. Vyatta also offers professional services and consulting engagements.
The Vyatta system is intended as a replacement for Cisco IOS 1800 through ASR 1000 series Integrated Services Routers (ISR) and ASA 5500 security appliances, with a strong emphasis on the cost and flexibility inherent in an open source, Linux-based system running on commodity x86 hardware or in VMware ESXi, Microsoft Hyper-V, Citrix XenServer, Open Source Xen and KVM virtual environments.
In 2012, Brocade Communications Systems acquired Vyatta. In April, 2013, Brocade renamed the product from the Vyatta Subscription Edition (VSE) to the . The latest commercial release of the is no longer open-source based.
In June 2017, Brocade sold Vyatta Software Technology to AT&T Communications.
In September 2021, AT&T supplier Ciena Corporation announced an agreement to acquire the Vyatta talent and assets.
Vyatta Core
The free community Vyatta Core software (VC) was an open source network operating system providing advanced IPv4 and IPv6 routing, stateful firewalling, secure communication through both an IPSec based VPN as well as through the SSL based OpenVPN.
In October 2013, an independent group started a fork of Vyatta Core under the name VyOS.
In March 2018, ATT released a new open source project based on the proprietary Brocade version of Vyatta under the name DANOS.
Release History
References
External links
Open Source Community
2005 establishments in California
2021 mer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Health | Global Health may refer to:
Global Health (database), a bibliographic database which focuses on research literature
Global health, the health of populations in the global context |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHMNU-TDT | XHMNU-TDT is an educational television station owned and operated by the Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL) in Monterrey, Nuevo Leon.
Programming on XHMNU generally consists of educational telecourse programs for UANL students, plus public affairs, documentary and cultural programming.
History
XHMNU-TV was one of the first university-run broadcast stations in Mexico, signing on channel 53 in June 1990 under the auspices of the School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering at UANL. Its purpose was to serve as a field laboratory for students studying communications engineering. Its transmitter was located on the third floor of the Center for Design and Maintenance of Instruments, and its signal only reached a radius of from the site. The station's first broadcast was a message from Governor Jorge Treviño Martínez. Programming was supplied by other schools, such as the School of Communication and of Philosophy and Letters. The Central Directorate for Audiovisual Communication coordinated the production of newscasts.
In 2001, XHMNU-TV came under the aegis of the rector of the university. On September 24, 2003, XHMNU moved its transmitter and drastically increased its power to 500 kW to cover the entire Monterrey metropolitan area. The next year, an agreement between UANL and Cablevisión Monterrey put channel 53 on cable in the city.
XHMNU is operated by the university's Center for Broadcast Communication and Production, which is also responsible for the production and operation of university publications and XHUNL-FM 89.7.
On September 24, 2015, XHMNU shut off its analog signal; its digital signal on UHF channel 35 remained. With digital television, XHMNU briefly began using virtual channel 35 but returned to 53 in October 2016. In October 2015, XHMNU was authorized to raise the power of its station to 250 kW; the digital station had previously broadcast with 40 kilowatts ERP.
Programs
Own production
Contigo de 9 a 10 y mas..
Deportes 53
Peinate una sonrisa
NotiUni
Desde Colegio Civil
Oriéntate
Acción Legal
Vertientes de la Psique Humana
Laboratorio Escénico
Entre Libros
Radio production
De la peña al antro
Radio 89.7 TV
Caminito de la escuela (taped)
Lo mejor de Radio en TV
References
External links
Public television in Mexico
Autonomous University of Nuevo León
Television channels and stations established in 1990
Television stations in Monterrey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scryptic%20Studios | Scryptic Studios (or simply, Scryptic) is a website created by a group of comic book writers as a massive resource for comic book writers to network, research stories, read news and columns, and find script samples. The etymology of the title, Scryptic (pronounced skrip-tik), is the combination of the words SCRIPT (for writing) and CRYPTIC (for secret); so the title literally translates to: SECRET WRITING.
Scryptic was created in June 2004 by five writers, Jeffery Stevenson, Jim Keplinger (ShadowHawk, Genie), Kevin Melrose, Dan Taylor, and led by Ryan Scott Ottney (The Legend of Isis, Bikini Bandits). Other contributors to the site have included Drew Melbourne (ArchEnemies), Neil Kleid, Brant Fowler, and many others.
In October 2005, Scryptic Studios announced a deal with Write Brothers, Inc in which Scryptic would officially endorse and support Write Brothers' products, and in exchange Write Brothers would promote Scryptic as their official comic book resource. This deal was a direct move on the part of Write Brothers to move their scriptwriting computer software, Movie Magic Screenwriter, into the comic book industry to take the lead over its competitor software, Final Draft.
In the May 2006 issue of Writer's Digest Magazine, Scryptic Studios was named one of the "101 Best Websites for Writers".
Scryptic Studios has continuously been endorsed by writers of all types, from aspiring writers to respected fan-favorite comic book writers such as Geoff Johns (The Flash, Green Lantern, et al.), Brian Augustyn (Batman: Gotham by Gaslight), and many others.
Scryptic Studios has since been shut down; the URL auto-forwards to Ryan Ottney's blog (September 2009).
References
External links
ScrypticStudios.com
Write Brothers, Inc.
Writer's Digest 2006 101 Best Websites for Writers
Internet properties established in 2004 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20neighborhoods%20of%20St.%20Louis | The City of St. Louis officially recognizes 79 neighborhoods within its limits. Census data is collected for each neighborhood, as well as crime data, historic property data, and dining establishment health ratings. National historic neighborhoods are identified by the official neighborhood to which they belong.
Also, several neighborhood names extend to areas well beyond their technical borders. For example, Downtown St. Louis is generally thought to include the St. Louis Union Station and Enterprise Center, even though Downtown technically ends at Tucker Avenue (12th Street). Additionally, the Fox Theatre and Powell Symphony Hall are popularly considered a part of Midtown St. Louis even though they are in Grand Center. Dogtown is an area south of Forest Park that includes at least 4 distinct neighborhoods.
Moreover, sometimes several neighborhoods are lumped together in categories such as "North City" and "South City." North City used to have large Polish and German, among others, immigrant populations, evidenced by the churches they built, such as St. Stanislaus Kostka Church.
The following is a list of neighborhoods of the city of St. Louis, Missouri.
All Data from 2020 U.S. Census Bureau
American Indian or Alaskan Native
May be of any race.
The north side of the city is defined as north of Delmar Boulevard, the central corridor as between Delmar and I-44, and the south side as south of I-44.
In 2020 the north side was 90.0% Black, 4.5% White, 0.3% American Indian/Alaska Native, 0.8% Asian, 3.2% Two or More Races and 1.2% Some Other Race. 1.8% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.
In 2020 the central corridor was 32.6% Black, 50.9% White, 0.2% American Indian/Alaska Native, 5.9% Two or More Races, 8.3% Asian, and 2.0% Some Other Race. 4.3% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.
In 2020 the south side was 24.0% black, 60.6% white, 0.4% American Indian/Alaska Native, 7.6% Two or More Races, 3.9% Asian, and 3.6% Some Other Race. 7.1% of the population was of Hispanic or Latino origin.
Aldermanic wards
The city can also be divided by the wards of the Board of Aldermen. These wards, however, change with every new census, and data is not as readily available for comparison across wards. Nevertheless, the wards are important in the functioning of the city, as the approval of the local Alderman is generally understood to be necessary before large projects may begin.
See also
Mill Creek Valley, former historic neighborhood
References
External links
St. Louis Neighborhoods - official city site with map
History of St. Louis Neighborhoods - Historical Neighborhoods with map
Architectural Survey of Historic La Salle Park February, 1977 - Map of historic buildings
St. Louis
St. Louis-related lists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TraXX%20FM | TraXX FM is a 24/7 English-language radio station operated by Radio Televisyen Malaysia. Established on 1 April 2005, it was previously known as the English Language Service in 1946, the Blue Network in 1959 and Radio 4 in 1993.
The station's name "TraXX" (in use since 1 April 2005, as a part of re-branding of RTM's radio stations) is derived from the word 'Track' and 'XX', the later denoting the old tagline 'Xperience the Xcitement'. The station's initial tagline was 'Travel and Music' after re-branding to a tourism-oriented radio station. It then switched back to "Experience the Excitement" to suit its current role as an information-based and generalist radio station with a wide range of programmes and all kinds of music genres (K-Pop, English and Malay music).
Frequency
Radio
TraXX FM 90.1 MHz Gunung Kledang gets interference from Kool 101 90.2 MHz Bukit Penara in some Padang Rengas places. However in Padang Rengas listeners can tune in clearly on 105.3 MHz Bukit Larut.
Television
Awards
Controversies
January 1996: A listener from Penang called in during one of the station's shows to relate his recent experience with a member of the police force. At a roadblock, a policeman had stopped him for allegedly drinking and driving, and asked for a bribe from the listener. When he said that he did not have money with him, the policeman allegedly told him that he could call someone to bring him the money. When he said that he did not have a phone, the policeman allegedly offered him the use of his mobile phone. After the show, SAC Supian Amat lodged a police report against Patrick under the instruction of Rahim Noor, then the Inspector-General of Police (Malaysia), resulting in Patrick Teoh being called to the police station for interviews. The media went to town with this issue; famous local cartoonist Lat drew a satirical cartoon on the incident which was published in the New Straits Times.
During a broadcast of 'Midnight Magic', broadcaster Teoh hosted a show in conjunction with the release of the American film Interview with a Vampire starring Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas, Christian Slater and Kirsten Dunst. A listener claiming to be a vampire called in, wanting to dispel all myths associated with vampires. The show received very high listener ratings. The following day, RTM received multiple complaints from other listeners objecting to the 'promotion of myths', claiming that their children and elderly became traumatized from listening to the show. Teoh took a 2-week vacation to let the furore die down.
References
External links
2005 establishments in Malaysia
Radio stations in Malaysia
Talk radio stations
Contemporary hit radio stations
Radio Televisyen Malaysia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20trams%20in%20Leipzig | Leipziger Verkehrsbetriebe GmbH (LVB, 'Leipzig Transport Company, LLC') operates one of Germany's largest tramway networks. The tramway network history is presented below in tabular form, including opening, electrification, and closing dates by segment. Street names of the time are used in the tables, with current names in (parentheses).
Network development
Leipziger Pferde-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft (LPE, 'Leipzig Horse Railway Company')
On 20 April 1871, the Leipzig local authority granted to Count ("Graf") Gabriel Diodati and Geneva banker Adolph Schaeck a concession for construction of horse tramway lines. Construction was started in February 1872. On 24 May 1872, six days following the opening of the initial segment, the company, its property and concession was taken over by the Leipzig Tramways Company Ltd., organized in London by the British engineer Hutton Vignoles. The undertaking continued to use the LPE title in the German Empire. The LPE was taken over on 1 January 1896 by the Großen Leipziger Straßenbahn (GLSt, "Greater Leipzig Tramway") undertaking.
The first phase of construction (1872–1873)
The second phase of construction (1881–1891)
After the new transport system had worked satisfactorily and enjoyed increasing popularity with Leipzig citizens, the company planned extensions to link surrounding districts of Leipzig with the tramway network.
Leipziger Elektrische Straßenbahn (LESt, 'Leipzig Electric Tramway Company')
The second tramway undertaking in Leipzig, the LESt, was founded on 3 April 1893 and entered into the municipal Trade Register (Handelsregister) on 7 May 1895. The electrical-equipment manufacturer AEG served as the principal financial backer of the new undertaking. Because LESt cars were painted red, the company was known colloquially as the Rote ("Red One"). The competing tramway enterprise (LPE, from 1896 the GLSt) operated blue cars, and was known as the Blaue ("Blue One"). The concession for construction and operation of electric tramways was granted to LESt on 28 February 1895. Construction began after a short planning period on 11 June 1895. Because of the regulation limiting the length of each LESt segment in the same road as competing lines to just 400 meters, the company built a substantial length of lines in parallel roads and unreasonable workings in nearby side streets, which remain today
Development of the Concession Network (1896–1898)
Short extensions (1899–1917)
After the backbone network of the LESt was developed, the company built only shorter extensions at various extremities and the town center. Issues related to the struggle between competing tramway enterprises proved burdensome to the local authority, and so merger of the companies was sought during the First World War. This was accomplished from 1 January 1917, when the LESt was absorbed by its larger competitor, the GLSt.
Große Leipziger Straßenbahn (GLSt, 'Greater Leipzig Tramway Company')
The course of events prompted the L |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20database | Program database (PDB) is a file format (developed by Microsoft) for storing debugging information about a program (or, commonly, program modules such as a DLL or EXE). PDB files commonly have a .pdb extension. A PDB file is typically created from source files during compilation. It stores a list of all symbols in a module with their addresses and possibly the name of the file and the line on which the symbol was declared. This symbol information is not stored in the module itself, because it takes up a lot of space.
Applications
When a program is debugged, the debugger loads debugging information from the PDB file and uses it to locate symbols or relate current execution state of a program source code. Microsoft Visual Studio uses PDB files as its primary file format for debugging information.
Another use of PDB files is in services that collect crash data from users and relate it to the specific parts of the source code that cause (or are involved in) the crash.
Microsoft compilers will, under appropriate options, store information in a single PDB about types found in the compiled sources. Debug information specific to each source is stored in the compiled object file, and contains references to types in the PDB. Each compilation will add to the PDB any types that are not already found there, so that references in already compiled object files remain valid.
The Microsoft linker, under appropriate options, builds a complete new PDB which combines the debug information found in its input modules, the types referenced by those modules, and other information generated by the linker. If the link is performed incrementally, an existing PDB is modified by adding or replacing only the information pertaining to added or replaced modules, and adding any new types not already in the PDB.
PDB files are usually removed from the programs' distribution package. They are used by developers during debugging to save time and gain insight.
Extracting information
The PDB format is documented here, information can be extracted from a PDB file using the DIA (Debug Interface Access) interfaces, available on Microsoft Windows. There are also third-party tools that can also extract information from PDB such as radare2 and pdbparse
Multiple stream format
The PDB is a single file which is logically composed of several sub-files, called streams. It is designed to optimize the process of making changes to the PDB, as performed by compiles and incremental links. Streams can be removed, added, or replaced without rewriting any other streams, and the changes to the metadata which describes the streams is minimized as well.
The PDB is organized in fixed-size pages, typically 1K, 2K, or 4K, numbered consecutively starting at 0.
Note: It is presumed that all numeric information (e.g., stream and page numbers) is stored in little-endian form, the native form for Intel x86 based processors. The pdbparse Python code makes this assumption.
Stream
Each stream in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Face%20TV%20%28New%20Zealand%29 | Face TV (previously Triangle Television) is a public service television station based in Auckland, New Zealand. Since August 1998. It broadcasts on the Sky Network as of December 2013 ASO. Previously, Triangle has broadcast across Auckland on analogue UHF (before December 2013 ASO) via a government-owned UHF channel reserved for non-commercial regional television from transmitters at Waiatarua, Pinehill and Remuera.
The station is a registered charity supported by the Lion Foundation and Foundation North. Airtime is leased out to volunteer and professional programme providers on a first-come, first-served basis. Providers are allowed to air a limited number of commercials (a maximum of 6 minutes per half-hour of broadcast) during their programmes, and have complete editorial control over content. The trust claims these rules mean it "cannot be controlled by individuals or groups with their own agendas".
Triangle also operated Stratos Television between 2007 and 2011. It was broadcast around New Zealand on the Freeview, Sky and TelstraClear cable digital platforms. This was a free-to-air, twenty-four-hour, nationwide news and culture public broadcasting service. It was shut down on 23 December 2011 due to funding complications, because as the channel grew in viewership so did its ratings share and since Freeview carriage charges are ratings based there was a number of increases to fees Triangle as paying to the Kordia operated Freeview service.
As of November 23, 2012 Sky offered Triangle an undisclosed deal to re-launch Stratos under the name Face TV. The service was launched on February 1, 2013. The service, unlike Stratos, simulcast the current Triangle schedule with national advertising options.
Using an IP link provided by government-owned Kordia and a government-owned non-commercial UHF channel due to expire in December 2013, Triangle Television also broadcast a similar station across Wellington (operated out of Auckland) from 25 August 2006 to 31 March 2009. The channels shared transmission facilities and resources, and broadcast many of the same news, regional, and cultural programming.
Programming
Special broadcasts
Election Results Show from RNZ 2017
APRA Silver Scroll Awards
New Zealand vs England test cricket (2008 Sky Sport 1 simulcast)
Eurovision Song Contest (2009, 2010, 2011)
Jewel in the Palace (2009)
Oceania Football Confederation (2009, 2010)
Midnight Mass from the Vatican (2009)
Australian Rules Football (2011, 2012)
English language newscasts
Refer to station schedules for broadcast times.
Foreign language newscasts
References
External links
: includes schedules, programme provider links, terms and conditions for programme provision.
Television stations in New Zealand
Mass media in Auckland
Television channels and stations established in 1998
English-language television stations in New Zealand |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planed%20Plant | Planed Plant ("Children's Planet") was a strand of Welsh-language television programming for children broadcast by S4C. It first aired on 1 November 1982.
Background
Planed Plant included imported animated programmes such as Yu-Gi-Oh!, Sabrina, Horseland and Dennis and Gnasher are dubbed into Welsh. It' also featured a number of Welsh-produced programmes. Uned 5, the channel's flagship youth magazine show, was often introduced by Planed Plant until April 2005 when the programme moved to a new prime-time slot.
Until 26 October 2007 production of Planed Plant was in-house. This was replaced by a service from independent production company Boomerang. As part of the changes, the previous presentation team (Alex Jones, Mari Grug, Alun Williams) were replaced by a new team of announcers/presenters. Newcomers Geraint Hardy and Meleri Williams began presenting the 4-6pm strand for older children (Planed Plant). Williams left the presentation strand after eleven months and was replaced by Lois Cernyw and Tudur Phillips.
Planed Plant was shown on S4C weekdays between 16.00 & 17.00 on analogue and 16:00 & 18:00 on digital. In 2010, S4C replaced it with a similar children's block called Stwnsh.
Slot Meithrin on 17 September 1990 until 16 September 1998, Planed Plant (pre school version) on 17 September 1998 until December 2001 and Planed Plant Bach ("Small Children's Planet"), the services for nursery age children, were replaced by Cyw ("Chick") on 23 June 2008.
Service
Y Clwb S4C (1 November 1982 (when the channel itself was first launch) – 14 September 1990)
Slot Meithrin (17 September 1990 – 16 September 1998)
Slot 23 (17 September 1990 – 30 April 1994)
5 Pump (5 September 1994 – 16 September 1998)
Planed Plant (17 September 1998 – 23 April 2010)
Planed Plant Bach (14 October 1998 – 22 April 2008)
Cyw (23 June 2008 – present)
Stwnsh (26 April 2010 – present)
Presenters
Continuity presenters in the past include:
Branwen Gwyn
Elain Edwards
Lisa Gwilym
Sarra Elgan
Rhydian Bowen Phillips
Glyn Wise (as a guest presenter)
Alex Jones
Mari Grug
Alun Williams
Rhodri Owen
Programmes
Clwb Winx (2004–2009)
Siôn Blewyn Coch (1986) (1986)
See also
Síle – Similar strand of programmes on Irish language channel TG4
References
External links
Official Planed Plant site
Press release with details on presentation changes
Stwnsh
British children's television series
S4C original programming
Television channels in Wales
Television programming blocks in Europe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xak%3A%20The%20Art%20of%20Visual%20Stage | is the first game in the fantasy role-playing video game series Xak developed and published by Micro Cabin. It was originally released for the NEC PC-8801 computer system, with subsequent versions being developed for the NEC PC-9801, Sharp X68000, MSX2, PC-Engine, Super Famicom, and mobile phones. The first four versions were re-released for Windows on online store Project EGG. An English translation of Xak: The Art of Visual Stage was also released in 2007 on the now-defunct retro gaming service WOOMB.net, and is now to become available on Project EGG.
Plot
Setting and story
Xak: The Art of Visual Stage features a typical high fantasy setting. According to the game world's legends, a great war was fought between the benevolent but weakening ancient gods and a demon race, which led to the collapse and eventual mortality of the gods. After this 'War of Sealing', the gods divided the world into three parts: Xak, the world of humans, Oceanity, the world of faeries, and Xexis, the world of demons. The demon world of Xexis was tightly sealed from the other two worlds as to prevent reentry of the warmongering demon race. Some demons were left behind in Xak, however, and others managed to discover a separate means to enter Xak from Xexis anyway. This ancient history is displayed in the introduction of Xak II.
One of them, Badu, was a very powerful demon, able to use coercive magic to make humans do his bidding. Duel, the god of war, managed to defeat Badu and seal him away in a mountain of ice for 250 years. The god later settled in a village known as Fearless to live out the rest of his mortal life.
At the beginning of the game, Badu's prison is broken. Demons overrun parts of Xak once again. In order to stop the ravaging of his lands, the King of Wavis sends a messenger faerie to Dork Kart, a famous warrior living in the village of Fearless. Dork, however, has gone missing. The player takes on the role of Latok Kart, Dork's 16-year-old son, as he meets the messenger faerie, Pixie. Latok embarks on the King's quest to slay Badu, hoping to find his father along the way.
In his travels, Latok is guided by Duel's spirit. Over the course of the game, it turns out that Dork and thus Latok is a descendant of Duel.
Characters
Latok is the only playable character in the game. Notable non-player characters Latok meets include:
Lou Miri Pixie, the green-haired messenger faerie sent by the King of Wavis that guides Latok along his way.
Freya "Fray" Jerbain, a blue-haired girl Latok rescues from a wolf-infested forest. Fray is the main heroine of a Xak series spin-off, Fray In Magical Adventure and its remake, Fray CD. However, during the course of Xak she does not know yet how to use magic.
Rune Greed, a green-haired warrior. He is a descendant of Duel as well and is on a quest to slay Badu of his own.
Rabby, a magician's familiar rabbit given to Latok.
Duel, the god of war, living on in spirit form.
Elise, a childhood friend of Latok and the grandda |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBN%20Inspire | TBN Inspire is an American Christian broadcast television network owned by the Trinity Broadcasting Network (TBN). It is carried on the digital subchannels of TBN's stations.
The network originally launched as The Church Channel, which focused on carrying brokered broadcasts of various Christian church services. In 2016, the network was re-launched as a broadcast feed of Hillsong Channel—a joint venture with the Hillsong Church, which added its services and original programming to the schedule. In 2022, the network rebranded again as TBN Inspire, maintaining the same format.
History
The network originally launched on January 14, 2002, as The Church Channel, which was devoted primarily to carrying church service programs from various Christian ministries and denominations, often under brokered arrangements.
On March 9, 2016, TBN announced a partnership with the Sydney-based international congregation Hillsong Church, that would see The Church Channel re-branded as the Hillsong Channel—a network devoted to its ministry, teaching, and worship music. Hillsong founder Brian Houston stated that the channel would be a "Christ-centred, Bible-based television channel that changes mindsets and empowers people to lead and impact in every sphere of life", and would be "constantly looking towards the future–filled with a vision that inspires and influences many." The new channel officially launched June 1, 2016. An over-the-top subscription service, Hillsong Channel Now, launched in November 2017.
On January 1, 2022, the US feed of the network was rebranded as TBN Inspire, with no change in programming. TBN stated in a notice to carriage providers that the change was intended to "speak more clearly to how we are programming the network".
The international Hillsong Channel operations and the Hillsong Channel Now online service were initially unaffected by the January 2022 rebrand in the United States. However, following Hillsong Church's internal investigation over the alleged inappropriate behavior against women by co-founder Brian Houston, and his subsequent resignation as the church's senior global pastor in March 2022, TBN began rebranding its linear Hillsong Channel operations outside the US as TBN Inspire as well beginning April 2022, and removed Hillsong programming from their schedule (with a version operated by TBN Pacific, which is available in Australia, following suit on April 28). The Hillsong Channel website and Hillsong Channel Now service, as operated by the church, remained operational until 2023 with the website redirecting to the Hillsong Church and the service removed from app marketplaces respectively.
Programming
TBN Inspire programs a mix of original programming and outside televangelism.
As Hillsong Channel
Shows not produced by Hillsong or TBN were billed as "partner programs".
Hillsong Church Services from worldwide Hillsong congregations, including London, Sydney, New York and Los Angeles.
Best of Hillsong Conference
Hil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text%20over%20IP | Text over IP (or ToIP) is a means of providing a real-time text (RTT) service that operates over IP-based networks. It complements Voice over IP (VoIP) and Video over IP.
Real-time text is streaming text that is transmitted as it is produced, allowing text to be used conversationally. Real-time text is defined in ITU-T Multimedia Recommendation F.700 2.1.2.1 . Real-time text is designed for conversational use where people interactively converse with each other. To achieve this, particular user requirements have been specified for the delay of each character and the character loss rate (see F.700 Annex A.3).
Real-time Text over IP can be used:
in conjunction with voice or video in a multimedia communication or on its own, on fixed or mobile accesses,
by people who want a fast and really interactive means of conversing,
in noisy environments where it may be hard to hear,
in environments where other people are nearby but where communications privacy is required,
to transfer information (e.g., numbers, addresses, etc.) where exactness is necessary,
by people with hearing loss or speech impairments to communicate with non-disabled and deaf or hard of hearing or speech impaired people.
to provide real time captioning of a voice conversation for people with a hearing loss. See also captioned telephony in Telecommunications Relay Service
to provide all voice callers with a convenient means to accurately pass numbers, addresses and other detailed information in text.
Features
ToIP is designed around the ITU-T T.140 real-time text presentation layer protocol (defined for H.32x multimedia services). T.140 allows real-time editing of text e.g. by using 'backspace' and retyping. T.140 is based on the ISO 10646-1 character set that is used by most IP text specifications and uses the UTF-8 format.
Transport of ToIP uses the same Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) as VoIP and Video-over-IP. The text is encoded according to IETF RFC 4103 "RTP Payload for Text Conversation".
RFC 4103 supports an optional forward error correction scheme based on redundant transmission (using RFC 2198). This results in a very low end-to-end packet loss across IP transmission links that have moderately high packet loss. To improve efficiency, text can be buffered for 0.3–0.5 seconds before it is sent whilst still meeting the delay requirements.
RTP is usually transported over the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). However, because 2.5G mobile networks supported the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) but did not consistently support UDP, some implementations of ToIP over mobile networks use TCP internally. 3G mobile networks can support UDP.
The protocol stack for a ToIP medium is:
Very fast typing (30 characters per second) results in a two kilobit per second traffic load (including overheads for RFC 4103 with the maximum level of redundancy, RTP, UDP and IP).
Control of ToIP sessions has been defined using the standard Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) (RFC 3261) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramnagar%2C%20Agartala | Ramnagar is a locality in Agartala, Tripura.
The rectangular "Gridiron" network of Ramangar dated from the rules of Rajahs; one of the earliest planned neighborhood in Tripura.
Ramnagar is located at the north-western part of the town Agartala, the capital of Tripura.
Ramnagarhas many divisions in it. As much as 12 divisions are in Ramnagar. They are named as Ramnagar No.1, Ramnagar No.2, etc.
Politics
Ramnagar assembly constituency is part of the Tripura West (Lok Sabha constituency).
References
Neighbourhoods in Agartala |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20radar | Virtual radar is a simulated radar system used in training aircraft, which due to cost constraints, are not usually equipped with radar. The basis of the virtual radar system is a closed loop data network, where participants can share their GPS positioning data and supplemental Air Data Computer (ADC) data to calculate targeting information. It utilizes an airborne bus such as Ethernet or MIL-STD-1553.
Background
Due to size and cost limitations, Trainer Planes are not able to accommodate a traditional radar system. ”Virtual Training” capability consists of implementation of a virtual radar capability as well as a ground-based mission management and debriefing capability. This provides an affordable solution to radar training to flight students and support future pilot training.
The airborne component of the “Virtual Radar” provides radar capability for both Air-To-Air (A/A) and Air-To-Ground (A/G) radar modes without the use of radar system.
The system provides data via airborne bus such as Ethernet or MIL-STD-1553B, to the Mission Display Processor (MDP) that simulates unclassified radar data. The system may also provide RS-170 video synthesizing A/G radar maps – Real Beam Maps Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) maps etc.
The basis of the virtual radar system is a closed loop data network. All participants in the Network can share their GPS positioning data and supplemental Air Data Computer (ADC) data to calculate targeting information like a radar system. All participants in the network must have a virtual radar system to either receive target data or generate target information to other participants.
The Ground-based portion of the Virtual Training must support training mission management when it is an active participant in the data network as well as provide post training mission debriefing capabilities with video and data review from data recorded on a Digital Video Recorder (DVR). The data network must support all virtual radar requirements with or without the participation of a Virtual Training Ground system.
External links
S-Band Datalink network for Virtual Radars
Radar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/View%20synthesis | In computer graphics, view synthesis, or novel view synthesis, is a task which consists of generating images of a specific subject or scene from a specific point of view, when the only available information are pictures taken from different point of views.
Such task was only recently (late 2010s - early 2020s) tackled with significative success, mostly as a result of advances in machine learning. Notable successful methods are Neural radiance fields, and 3D gaussian splatting.
Applications of view synthesis are numerous, one of them being Free viewpoint television.
See also
3D reconstruction from multiple images
Image-based modeling and rendering
Image synthesis
External links
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/3833831.stm
https://web.archive.org/web/20060905013927/http://www.cs.wisc.edu/computer-vision/projects/interp/interp.html
http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/LOCAL_COPIES/FUSIELLO4/tutorial.html#x1-10001
https://web.archive.org/web/20061126225514/http://www-sop.inria.fr/robotvis/personnel/fabad/PhD/index.html
http://www.cs.huji.ac.il/labs/vision/demos/synthesis/synthesis.html
http://www.hpl.hp.com/research/mmsl/projects/graphics/chromaglyph/index.html
Computer graphics
Applications of computer vision
3D imaging |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norm%20Perry%20%28journalist%29 | Norm Perry is a retired broadcast journalist. He worked for CBC Radio affiliate CKOY in Ottawa as a reporter and interviewer in the late 1950s with some of his work being picked up by the main network on programs such as Assignment. By the early 1960s he was working for the CBC in Toronto. He moved to CKEY radio in Toronto in the mid-1960s and, later in the decade, he moved to CFTO-TV in Toronto where he hosted a number of programs including the 1968 investigative journalism television series Perry's Probe. He is best known for having been the longest serving host of Canada AM from 1974 to 1990. Following his retirement from Canada AM, Perry moved to CBC Newsworld where he was a Calgary-based host.
External links
Broadcasting history.ca article about Norm Perry
Canadian television news anchors
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
CTV Television Network people
Canadian Screen Award winning journalists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fallen%20Angel%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Fallen Angel" is the tenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on November 19, 1993. It was written by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa, and directed by Larry Shaw. The episode saw Jerry Hardin reprise his role as Deep Throat. The episode explored the series' overarching mythology. The episode was mostly well received.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson), who work on cases called X-Files, which are linked to the paranormal. When Mulder and Scully investigate a mysterious crash site, they find that the official reports of the incident may be covering up the crash of a UFO. Meanwhile, Mulder meets a ufologist who he believes may be a former abductee.
The episode introduced the UFO fanatic character Max Fenig, portrayed by Scott Bellis, who would later return in the fourth season episodes "Tempus Fugit" and "Max". In addition, Fenig also laid the template for the introduction of The Lone Gunmen in the later first-season episode "E.B.E."
Plot
Near Townsend, Wisconsin, a UFO crashes in the woods. When the deputy sheriff arrives on the scene, he is killed by an invisible figure while surrounded by bright white light. As the U.S. Air Force monitors the situation, Colonel Calvin Henderson (Marshall Bell), the military's UFO reclamations expert, launches an operation to clean up the crash site.
After consulting with Deep Throat, Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) travels to Wisconsin and takes photos of the site, only to be captured. After being interrogated by Henderson, he is detained alongside an eccentric NICAP member named Max Fenig (Scott Bellis), who was also captured in the woods. The next morning, Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) arrives to retrieve Mulder, telling him that FBI Section Chief Joseph McGrath is threatening to shut down the X-Files because of his actions. She also claims that the wreckage has been identified as a downed Libyan fighter jet; Mulder dismisses this explanation. Meanwhile, the invisible occupant of the UFO passes through an electronic fence set up around the woods, escaping into the outside world.
The agents return to Mulder's motel room, finding it ransacked by Max. He turns out to be a fan of Mulder's, having followed NICAP's research into his work on the X-Files. Max brings the agents to his Airstream trailer, where he shows them audio transmissions from the deputy, as well as a fire crew that also arrived at the crash site. Mulder and Scully visit the deputy's widow, who claims the government won't release her husband's body and has threatened her into silence. They also meet a doctor who treated the deputy and the fire crew, revealing that they died of abnormally severe burns; he claims that he was also threatened. Henderson arrives at the hospital with a group of burned soldiers, who were attacked after they cornered the invisible alien at their base.
Mulder returns to the motel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Eve" is the eleventh episode of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on December 10, 1993. It was written by Kenneth Biller and Chris Brancato, directed by Fred Gerber, and featured guest appearances by Harriet Sansom Harris and Jerry Hardin in his role as Deep Throat. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Eve" earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.8, being watched by 6.4 million households in its initial broadcast; and received positive reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When Mulder and Scully investigate two seemingly identical murders that occurred simultaneously thousands of miles apart, they find that both victims' daughters may be the product of a secret human cloning project created by the government.
The episode was pitched to series creator Chris Carter by freelance writers Biller and Brancato under the title of "The Girls from Greenwich", with the focus being on genetic experiments conducted on sets of twins. The producers initially looked for twins to play the roles of Teena and Cindy in Los Angeles, but child labor laws made using children from there so difficult that they instead searched locally in Vancouver, finding Erika and Sabrina Krievins.
Plot
In Greenwich, Connecticut, a jogging couple find their neighbor, a young girl named Teena Simmons, standing alone in her driveway. After she explains her father is in the yard, the couple find him sitting dead on a swing set with two incisions in his neck. When FBI agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully take the case, Mulder explains that he believes the death is an example of extraterrestrial cattle mutilation on a human being. The agents meet Teena, who claims to have seen "red lightning" when her father died and that "men from the clouds" had wanted to "exsanguinate him."
Leaving Teena in the state's care, the agents travel to Marin County, California, where a similar death has occurred at the Reardon residence. Mulder and Scully realize that, despite thousands of miles lying between the two crime scenes, the killings were committed on the same day and at the same moment. Meanwhile, back in Connecticut, Teena is kidnapped by a dark-clothed figure.
When Mulder and Scully meet Mrs. Reardon and her daughter, Cindy, they discover that Cindy is completely identical to Teena. Cindy's mother tells the agents that her daughter was conceived via in vitro fertilization at a fertility clinic in San Francisco. There, Scully learns that both the Simmons and the Reardons were treated by Dr. Sally Kendrick, who was eventually fired for conducting eugenics experiments with ova from the clinic's lab. Meanwhile, Mulder is contacted by Deep Throat, who details a Cold War-era supersoldier program that produced genetically modified clones who were identified as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fire%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Fire" is the twelfth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on December 17, 1993. It was written by series creator Chris Carter, directed by Larry Shaw and featured guest appearances by Mark Sheppard and Amanda Pays. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Fire" earned a Nielsen household rating of 6.8, being watched by 6.4 million households in its initial broadcast; and received mostly positive reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully are visited by a Metropolitan Police detective who studied at Oxford University with Mulder; and who enlists their aid with a case involving a serial killer capable of pyrokinesis.
Due to its nature, the episode featured many dangerous stunts utilizing fire. In the scene where Mulder and the antagonist, Cecil L'Ively, confront each other at either end of a corridor, and L'Ively sets fire to the entire hallway, guest star Sheppard ducked out of the shot in order to protect himself from the intense heat. The only injury involved in the production was when Duchovny burned his hand, leaving a small permanent scar. The character of Phoebe Green, played by Pays, was considered as a recurring role, but this episode ended up being her only appearance.
Plot
In Bosham, England, a wealthy elderly man says goodbye to his wife before leaving for work, but suddenly catches fire in an apparent case of spontaneous human combustion. His family and house staff—including his Irish gardener, Cecil L'Ively—watch as he burns to death on his front lawn.
Later, in Washington, D.C., agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully are met by Phoebe Green, an investigator from London's Metropolitan Police and Mulder's former lover from Oxford University. Green explains that a serial arsonist is targeting the British aristocracy, burning his victims alive while leaving no trace of evidence. The only links between the crimes are the suspect's love letters to the victims' wives. His latest target is Sir Malcolm Marsden, who is visiting Cape Cod for protection after escaping an attack by the killer. Mulder and Scully visit a pyrotechnics expert who says that only rocket fuel can burn hot enough to destroy evidence of its origins.
Mulder tells Scully that Green, with whom he had a complicated relationship, is using the case to play a mind game, exploiting his debilitating fear of fire. Meanwhile, L'Ively—having killed a caretaker and assumed his identity—greets the Marsden family as they arrive at their Cape Cod vacation home, faking an American accent. Unbeknownst to the Marsdens, L'Ively is painting a layer of rocket fuel onto the exterior of the house. L'Ively befriends the Marsdens' sick family driver, offering to go into town to get him some cough sy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyond%20the%20Sea%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Beyond the Sea" is the thirteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on January 7, 1994. It was written by co-executive producers Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by David Nutter. The episode is a "Monster of Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. Despite a mediocre Nielsen rating compared to other episodes of the first season, "Beyond the Sea" received a largely positive reception amongst critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. The plot of the episode sees Scully's father die and her skepticism put to the test by Luther Lee Boggs, a prisoner on death row who claims to have psychic powers.
The episode showed the protagonists reversing their usual roles of "believer" and "skeptic" for the first time and introduced the theme of father figures that would continue throughout the series. Critical commentary has noted parallels between the character of Dana Scully and that of Clarice Starling from The Silence of the Lambs (1991).
Plot
Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) entertains her parents, William (Don Davis) and Margaret (Sheila Larken), shortly after Christmas. After they leave, she falls asleep on her sofa. Several hours later, she wakes up to see her father sitting across from her, speaking silently. The telephone rings, and she takes the call—from her mother, who tells her that her father died of a heart attack an hour earlier. Confused, she looks again at the chair and sees that it is empty.
In Raleigh, North Carolina, a young couple are kidnapped by a man impersonating a police officer. Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) tells Scully that Luther Lee Boggs (Brad Dourif), a serial killer he had helped catch years before, has claimed to have had psychic revelations about the kidnapping and has offered to help police in exchange for his death sentence being commuted. Mulder is unusually skeptical about Boggs' claims. Visiting Boggs in prison, the agents give him a piece of "evidence" from which he has a vision, only to be told it is really a shred of Mulder's T-shirt. Satisfied that he is lying, the pair prepare to leave. However, Scully looks back at Boggs and sees another vision of her father, speaking to her and singing the song that had been played at his funeral: "Beyond the Sea". Scully does not tell Mulder about this, and the pair discuss the possibility that Boggs has orchestrated the kidnapping with a partner to avoid execution.
The agents have a fake newspaper produced which declares the couple have been found, hoping to trick Boggs into contacting his accomplice. He does not fall for the trick but gives the agents vague clues about the case. Scully, acting on these, first finds a warehouse where the couple had been held, and later leads Mulder and several other agents to a boathouse where the kidnapper is hol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender%20Bender%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Gender Bender" is the fourteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on . It was written by Larry and Paul Barber, directed by Rob Bowman, and featured a guest appearance by Nicholas Lea, who would later appear in the recurring role of Alex Krycek. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' overarching mythology.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully begin investigating a series of murders following sexual encounters. The two soon discover that a member of a religious sect living in Massachusetts may be responsible—and may not be human.
The episode was inspired by producer Glen Morgan's desire for "an episode with more of a sexy edge"; the writers found it difficult to write a story that showed sex as scary and introduced an Amish-like community as well. "Gender Bender" was seen by approximately 6.8 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode has subsequently been met with mixed critical responses, facing criticism for its abrupt deus ex machina ending. Academic analysis of the episode has placed it within a science-fiction tradition that attributes a powerful, supernatural element to physical contact with aliens. It has also been seen as reflecting anxieties about emerging gender roles in the 1990s.
Plot
In a dance club, a young man is taken by a young woman, Marty (Kate Twa), for casual sex. The man dies afterwards, and Marty leaves the room as a man (Peter Stebbings). FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) are called to the scene; Mulder believes that the man's death was caused by a fatal dose of pheromones. There is also ambiguity in similar murders as to the gender of the killer. Evidence from the crime scene leads the duo to an Amish-like community in Massachusetts, which Mulder calls the Kindred.
Mulder approaches some of the Kindred, only to be shunned. Meanwhile, Scully befriends a member, Brother Andrew (Brent Hinkley), who is reluctant to talk. While shaking hands with him, Scully appears entranced, not coming to until Mulder catches her attention. The agents visit the Kindred's remote community, where they are asked to surrender their guns before entering. Mulder and Scully are invited to dinner. When the Kindred refuse to allow Scully to treat Brother Aaron, a sick participant at the table, Brother Andrew states that the Kindred take care of their own. Meanwhile, in another nightclub, a man convinces a girl to dance with him by touching her hand.
When the Kindred escort the agents out of the village, Mulder comments on the lack of children in the community and states that he recognizes some of the faces from photographs taken in the 1930s. Curious, he returns to the village that night and h |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Lazarus" is the fifteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on February 4, 1994. It was written by Howard Gordon and Alex Gansa, directed by David Nutter, and featured guest appearances by Cec Verrell and Christopher Allport. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Lazarus" earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.6, being watched by 7.2 million households in its initial broadcast; and received mixed reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. After an old partner of Scully's is wounded in a bank robbery, Scully and Mulder come to believe that the injured man has been possessed by the spirit of the dead bank robber.
In the episode's original plot, the bank robber was to have jumped into Mulder's body. There was, however, a belief at the time that neither Scully nor Mulder should directly experience such phenomena. After Fox and the studio argued against the idea of using Mulder in such a way, the producers agreed to make the change. The opening robbery scene was filmed on location in Vancouver, where the acting by Jason Schombing, who played the robber, led some bystanders to believe that the robbery was real.
Plot
Dana Scully assists a fellow FBI agent, Jack Willis, in pursuing violent bank robbers Warren Dupre and Lula Phillips. Following an anonymous tip, the two agents corner Dupre during an attempted robbery. Dupre shoots Willis with a shotgun but is himself shot by Scully. Dupre dies, but Willis is eventually revived; however, Dupre's corpse is seen reacting to the jolts from the defibrillators used on Willis.
Willis wakes up a few days later, but now has a more sinister personality. He finds Dupre's body and cuts off his fingers to retrieve a wedding ring before fleeing the hospital. Scully explains to Fox Mulder that Willis has been obsessed with the Dupre-Phillips case for the past year, and admits to dating Willis while he was her instructor at the FBI Academy.
It is discovered that left-handed shears were used to cut off Dupre's fingers, despite the fact that Willis is right-handed, leading Mulder to believe that Willis' body is inhabited by Dupre's consciousness. The agents visit a University of Maryland medical professor who theorizes that during near-death experiences, an energy release can occur that could radically change someone's personality. He points out that those who have had such experiences often are unable to wear watches, as due to the level of energy running through their body the watches cannot function.
Willis, who finds Dupre's tattoo appearing on his arm, confronts Lula's brother Tommy and kills him, believing that he sold him out to the FBI and caused his "death". When Mulder and Scully investigate the next day, Willis arrives. He passes the t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20at%20Heart%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Young at Heart" is the sixteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on February 11, 1994. It was written by Scott Kaufer and series creator Chris Carter, and directed by Michael Lange. The episode featured guest appearances by Dick Anthony Williams, William B. Davis and Alan Boyce, and saw Jerry Hardin reprise his role as Deep Throat. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Young at Heart" earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.2, being watched by 6.8 million households in its initial broadcast, and received mostly negative reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When they aid a former colleague of Mulder's in an investigation into a series of robberies, it becomes apparent that the culprit is an old nemesis of Mulder's—who had seemingly died in prison several years previously.
"Young at Heart" originated as a script from freelance writer Scott Kaufer, who was a friend of Carter and former employee of the comedy development department at Warner Bros. Pictures. Carter rewrote the script, which included the addition of Barnett's salamander hand. Director Michael Lange felt the episode offered him excellent scope to try new techniques, noting that the series producers "encourage cinematic stuff". Davis makes his second appearance of the series in this episode, although his role is simply credited as "CIA Agent" rather than the more well-known "Smoking Man".
Plot
In 1989, Joe Crandall, an inmate at a federal penitentiary in Pennsylvania, hears screaming from the infirmary. Inside, he discovers the prison's doctor, Joe Ridley, amputating the hand of fellow inmate John Barnett. Ridley tells Crandall that Barnett is dead, threatening him with a scalpel. However, as Crandall leaves the room, he sees Barnett blinking.
Four years later, Fox Mulder is notified by his former FBI supervisor, Reggie Purdue, about a note from a jewelry store robbery mocking Mulder by name. Mulder recognizes the message as being from Barnett, a sociopathic multiple murderer whom he helped capture on his first case with the Bureau. Even though Barnett supposedly died in prison, the note bears his handwriting. Purdue shows Dana Scully a video of Barnett's capture, which shows that Mulder didn't fire on Barnett due to him having a hostage, per FBI procedure. Mulder's hesitancy allowed Barnett to kill both the hostage and a fellow agent.
Scully looks into Barnett's cause of death and discovers that despite it being listed as heart attack, he had no history of heart problems; he had been sent to the infirmary over problems with his hand. Meanwhile, Barnett leaves Mulder another note in his car, along with photos of him and Scully. The agents visit the prison and meet Crandall, who recounts his experiences with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miracle%20Man%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Miracle Man" is the eighteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on March 18, 1994. It was written by Howard Gordon and series creator Chris Carter, directed by Michael Lange, and featured guest appearances by R. D. Call and Scott Bairstow. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Miracle Man" earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.5, being watched by 7.1 million households in its initial broadcast; and received mixed reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When Mulder and Scully receive a video tape of a faith healer whose latest patient died mysteriously, the agents come to believe the healer's ministry may be covering up several murders.
"Miracle Man" was the first episode of The X-Files written by Gordon without the aid of his long-term collaborator Alex Gansa. Carter helped Gordon flesh out the details of the episode. Exterior shots for the episode were filmed on location in Steveson, British Columbia, Canada—a location which had previously been used in the earlier first season episode "Gender Bender".
Plot
In 1983, a young boy, Samuel Hartley, appears at the scene of a car accident and pushes his way past an emergency crew. He opens a body bag and commands the severely burnt cadaver inside to "rise up and heal." Samuel's father, Calvin, convinces a fireman to let him continue. The body inside the bag comes alive, grabbing Samuel's hand.
Ten years later, Dana Scully shows Fox Mulder a videotape of a religious service led by the now-grown Samuel (Scott Bairstow), who has become an evangelical faith healer for a ministry run by Calvin. The video shows a supposed healing which later left the follower dead. The agents travel to Clarksville, Tennessee, where they attend a service featuring an enthusiastic sermon by Leonard Vance, the man whom Samuel raised from the dead a decade earlier. The agents learn from Calvin that Samuel has gone missing.
Samuel eventually turns up drunk at a local bar, his faith shaken by the death. He is taken into custody. The agents doubt his ability, but he is able to convince Mulder that he knows the latter has lost a sister—Samantha—at a young age. Mulder has been seeing visions of Samantha, and continues to see them. At Samuel's bail hearing, the courtroom fills with a swarm of locusts, which Samuel claims is a sign of God's wrath against him.
Once he is released, Samuel returns to his ministry and attempts to heal a woman in a wheelchair. However, she suffers a seizure and dies, which leads to Samuel's second arrest. An autopsy reveals the woman died of cyanide poisoning, while Mulder and Scully find evidence that the swarm of locusts, which were actually common grasshoppers, was guided by someone to the courtroom through the building's v |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shapes%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Shapes" is the nineteenth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on April 1, 1994. It was written by Marilyn Osborn and directed by David Nutter. It featured guest appearances by Michael Horse, Ty Miller and Donnelly Rhodes. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Shapes" earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.6, being watched by 7.2 million households in its initial broadcast; and received mixed reviews, with varied reaction to the episode's handling of the werewolf genre and of its Native American themes.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully are called to Montana after a shooting on a farm near a Native American reservation. Investigating the case, the agents find that the dead man, and those that he attacked, may be capable of shapeshifting into ferocious beasts—a phenomenon which was documented in the very first X-File.
"Shapes" was written after executives at Fox had suggested that the series should feature a "more conventional" type of monster, and producers James Wong and Glen Morgan began looking into Native American legends of the Manitou to form the basis of the episode's concept. Much of the episode was filmed in Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows, British Columbia, Canada.
Plot
FBI agents Dana Scully and Fox Mulder travel to Browning, Montana, to investigate the killing of a Native American man, Joseph Goodensnake, by local rancher Jim Parker. The killing appears to be motivated by a dispute over the ownership of a tract of land, although Parker claims that he fired on a monstrous animal rather than a human. Parker's son, Lyle, bears scars that lend credence to the story.
At the scene of the shooting, Scully reasons that at the short range from which Goodensnake was shot, it would have been impossible to mistake him for an animal. However, Mulder finds tracks leading to the area that appear to change from human to something more animal in nature. Scully dismisses this but finds a large section of shed human skin nearby. She believes that the Parkers knowingly killed Goodensnake, but knows that they could not have skinned him since no signs of such injury were found on the body.
The investigation is complicated by the hostility Mulder and Scully face from the Native American population, stemming from their experience with the FBI during the 1973 Wounded Knee incident. Goodensnake's sister Gwen is also bitter that her neighbors are too frightened of native legends to confront his death. The local sheriff, Charles Tskany, permits Scully to make a cursory examination of Goodensnake's body but forbids a full autopsy. They discover that he had elongated canines, similar to those of an animal, and bears long-healed scars similar to L |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darkness%20Falls%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Darkness Falls" is the twentieth episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on April 15, 1994. "Darkness Falls" was written by series creator Chris Carter and directed by Joe Napolitano. It featured guest appearances by Jason Beghe and Titus Welliver. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, a stand-alone plot that is unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Darkness Falls" earned a Nielsen household rating of 8.0, being watched by 7.5 million households in its initial broadcast, and received mostly positive reviews.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. In this episode, Mulder and Scully are called-in to investigate when a team of loggers disappear without a trace. Initially suspecting eco-terrorism, the agents find themselves trapped by a seemingly ancient menace lurking in the woods.
Carter was inspired to write this episode based on an interest in dendrochronology, a subject that involves analyzing annual growth rings found in non-tropical tree species. Carter credits the episode's ominous ending with his experience growing up in the era following the Watergate scandal, having spent his life coming to profoundly mistrust the government.
Plot
In Olympic National Forest in Washington State, a group of loggers flee through the woods, trying to escape from an unseen force. They are eventually killed by a large swarm of small glowing green insects. Later, at FBI headquarters, Fox Mulder shows Dana Scully a photo of the missing loggers, telling her that another group of loggers disappeared in the forest in 1934. The two agents head to the forest, where they meet U.S. Forest Service employee Larry Moore and Steve Humphreys, head of security for the logging company. While driving through the forest, their truck hits caltrops left in the ground by eco-terrorists, forcing them to walk the rest of the way. Upon arriving at the camp site, Mulder and Scully find the cabins abandoned and the communication equipment destroyed. Searching the forest, they find a corpse encased in a large cocoon hanging from a tree.
While repairing one of the generators, Humphreys catches an eco-terrorist named Doug Spinney. He tells the group that there's a deadly swarm of insects in the forest and that they must avoid darkness to stay alive. The next morning, they find an old-growth tree cut down with an unexplained band of green contained within its growth rings. Spinney suspects that an organism that was dormant in the tree for centuries was disturbed when the tree was illegally cut down. Humphreys hikes down to Moore's truck but is killed by the swarm at nightfall. In the cabin, everyone else is kept safe by the light. The next morning, Spinney convinces Mulder to let him hike to his colleagues with gasoline so he can return with a Jeep to pick them up. Scully and Mo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20Emasculata | "F. Emasculata" is the twenty-second episode of the second season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files. It first premiered on the Fox network in the United States on . It was written by series creator Chris Carter and staff writer Howard Gordon, and directed by Rob Bowman. "F. Emasculata" received a Nielsen rating of 8.9 and was watched by 8.5 million households. The episode received mixed reviews from television critics.
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In this episode, Scully tries to discover the cause of a mysterious illness after several men in a prison die. Meanwhile, Mulder attempts to find two escapees who could potentially spread the disease.
"F. Emasculata" was based on the actual practice of pharmaceutical companies sending scientists all over the world looking for plants and animals that could have medicinal use. The X-Files director Frank Spotnitz felt that the episode's exploding pustules were ridiculous because of their over-the-top nature. The Costa Rican forest at the opening was shot at the Seymour Demonstration Forest in North Vancouver.
Plot
In the rain forest of Costa Rica, entomologist Robert Torrance stumbles upon a decomposing boar carcass covered with purple pustules. As he examines one of the pustules, it erupts, spraying him with fluid. By nightfall, he himself has developed the boils and tries to radio for help. When a group of soldiers arrive the next morning, Torrance is dead.
At a prison in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, an inmate also called Robert Torrance receives a package containing a leg of meat. Later, a pustule errupts from the meat and Torrance dies thirty-six hours later. Two other inmates, Paul and Steve are sent to clean Torrance's cell but escape in a laundry cart. Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) are sent to help the U.S. Marshals find them. The agents become suspicious as the prison is quarantined by the CDC and the National Guard. Mulder joins the Marshals to hunt the fugitives, while Scully stays behind to investigate the situation in the prison.
Scully learns that the lockdown population is infected with an exceedingly deadly contagion, finding a pile of body bags stored for incineration in the prison's "incinerator room". Scully cuts open Torrance's body bag and examines his corpse, but Dr. Osbourne, a member of the CDC team, tries to stop her. A pustule on Torrance's body erupts in Osbourne's face, causing him to flee the room. Scully traces Torrance's package to Pinck Pharmaceuticals, a major drug developer. She also finds an insect in the body of another prisoner. Dr. Osbourne, now visibly infected, reveals that his team works for Pinck and is researching a dilating enzyme produced by the insect. However, th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roland%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Roland" is the twenty-third episode of the first season of the American science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on May 6, 1994. It was written by Chris Ruppenthal and directed by David Nutter. The episode featured guest appearances by Željko Ivanek, James Sloyan and Kerry Sandomirsky. The episode is a "Monster-of-the-Week" story, a stand-alone plot which is unconnected to the series' wider mythology. "Roland" earned a Nielsen household rating of 7.9, being watched by 7.4 million households in its initial broadcast; and received mixed reviews from critics, although Ivanek's guest role was met with acclaim.
The show centers on FBI agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. When Mulder and Scully investigate a series of murders at an aerospace testing facility, they find that a mentally disabled janitor may be responsible—and that he is being telepathically controlled by one of the facility's former researchers.
"Roland" was the first of two episodes of The X-Files written by Chris Ruppenthal, who would go on to write the second season episode "3", which was heavily rewritten by series regulars Glen Morgan and James Wong. "Roland" contains the series' first mention of Mulder's father Bill, although the character would not actually make an appearance until the second season episode "Colony".
Plot
At a physics research lab, intellectually disabled janitor Roland Fuller is scolded by scientist Dr. Keats for forgetting how to use the facility's keycard locks. Keats walks in on his colleagues, Frank Nollette and Ronald Surnow, arguing over a prototype jet engine. After Keats and Nollette leave, Surnow enters the facility's wind tunnel to make adjustments. However, Roland activates the tunnel's turbines, killing Surnow. Roland examines the scientists' whiteboard and changes some of its equations.
Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) investigate Surnow's death. Scully learns another member of the research team, Arthur Grable, had died several months earlier, and suspects industrial espionage. Mulder examines the handwriting on the whiteboard and concludes it was written by at least four different people, suggesting a fourth individual was present. Keats and Nollette both inform the agents that Roland was the only one left in the facility at the time of Surnow's death, but do not believe him capable of murder.
Nevertheless, Mulder and Scully visit Roland at his care home, where he denies seeing anything unusual. He displays his mathematical prowess by rapidly counting the star designs on Scully's blouse; however, his handwriting does not match the fourth sample from the whiteboard. The discussion ends when Roland experiences a violent vision involving Keats' head being frozen and has what seems to be a fit. Later, he has another vision of someone killing Keats. Roland appears at the lab and submerges Ke |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Green%20Men%20%28The%20X-Files%29 | "Little Green Men" is the first episode of the second season of the science fiction television series The X-Files, premiering on the Fox network on September 16, 1994, in the United States and on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on August 28, 1995. The episode was written by Glen Morgan and James Wong, and directed by David Nutter. The episode helped explore the series' overarching mythology. "Little Green Men" earned a Nielsen household rating of 10.3, being watched by 9.8 million households in its initial broadcast. The episode received largely positive reviews from critics.
The show centers on FBI special agents Fox Mulder (David Duchovny) and Dana Scully (Gillian Anderson) who work on cases linked to the paranormal, called X-Files. Mulder is a believer in the paranormal, while the skeptical Scully has been assigned to debunk his work. In the episode, Mulder goes to the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico to continue his search for proof on extraterrestrial life. Meanwhile, Scully attempts to aid him after being separated following the closure of the X-Files.
"Little Green Men" was written specifically as a way for Mulder to question his belief in aliens. The episode features the first appearance of an extraterrestrial, because series creator Chris Carter felt it was time to unveil one. In addition, the episode introduces the character of Senator Richard Matheson. Matheson was named after the sci-fi/horror writer Richard Matheson, who wrote many episodes of The Twilight Zone.
Plot
In the episode's prologue, Fox Mulder narrates a history of NASA's Voyager program and the now-defunct High Resolution Microwave Survey, which sought to contact extraterrestrial life in outer space. At the Survey's abandoned observatory in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, the equipment inside suddenly activates, indicating a response from an alien intelligence.
Since the closure of the X-Files, the FBI has reassigned Mulder to a low-level wiretap while his former partner, Dana Scully, has returned to teaching at the FBI Academy. The two have a discreet meeting at the parking lot of the Watergate Hotel, where Mulder admits that he has been doubting his belief in the paranormal since Deep Throat's assassination. Mulder flashes back to the night when his sister, Samantha, was abducted.
Mulder is summoned to a meeting with Richard Matheson, a U.S. senator who is a patron for his work. Matheson directs Mulder to Arecibo, assuring the agent that he will try to hold off a Blue Beret UFO retrieval team said to be headed there in twenty-four hours. Arriving at the Survey station, Mulder discovers a frightened Puerto Rican man, Jorge, who cannot speak English but draws a picture of an alien he claims to have seen. Meanwhile, Scully, unaware of Mulder's whereabouts, goes to his apartment looking for him. Reviewing a list of flights from Washington, Scully tracks Mulder down to Puerto Rico.
Mulder discovers a signal, possibly originating from an extraterrestrial intelligence. During a s |
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