source
stringlengths
32
199
text
stringlengths
26
3k
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics%20of%20digitization
The economics of digitization is the field of economics that studies how digitization, digitalisation and digital transformation affects markets and how digital data can be used to study economics. Digitization is the process by which technology lowers the costs of storing, sharing, and analyzing data. This has changed how consumers behave, how industrial activity is organized, and how governments operate. The economics of digitization exists as a distinct field of economics for two reasons. First, new economic models are needed because many traditional assumptions about information no longer hold in a digitized world. Second, the new types of data generated by digitization require new methods for their analysis. Research in the economics of digitization touches on several fields of economics including industrial organization, labor economics, and intellectual property. Consequently, many of the contributions to the economics of digitization have also found an intellectual home in these fields. An underlying theme in much of the work in the field is that existing government regulation of copyright, security, and antitrust is inappropriate in the modern world. For example, information goods, such as news articles and movies, now have zero marginal costs of production and sharing. This has made the redistribution without permission common and has increased competition between providers of information goods. Research in the economics of digitization studies how policy should adapt in response to these changes. Information technology and access to networks Technological standards The Internet is a multi-layered network which is operated by a variety of participants. The Internet has come to mean a combination of standards, networks, and web applications (such as streaming and file-sharing), among other components, that have accumulated around networking technology. The emergence of the Internet coincided with the growth of a new type of organizational structure, the standards committee. Standards committees are responsible for designing critical standards for the Internet such as TCP/IP, HTML, and CSS. These committees are composed of representatives from firms, academia, and non-profit organizations. Their goal is to make decisions that advance technology while retaining interoperability between Internet components. Economists are interested in how these organizational structures make decisions and whether those decisions are optimal. The supply of Internet access The commercial supply of Internet access began when the National Science Foundation removed restrictions for using the Internet for commercial purposes. During the 90's internet access was provided by numerous regional and national Internet service providers (ISPs). However, by 2014, the provision of high-speed broadband access was consolidated. About 80% of Americans can only buy 25Mbit/s from one provider and a majority only have a choice of two providers for 10Mbit/s service. Ec
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial%20network
A financial network is a concept describing any collection of financial entities (such as traders, firms, banks and financial exchanges) and the links between them, ideally through direct transactions or the ability to mediate a transaction. A common example of a financial network link is security holdings (e.g. stock of publicly traded companies), where a firm's ownership of stock would represent a link between the stock and the firm. In network science terms, financial networks are composed of financial nodes, where nodes represent financial institutions or participants, and of edges, where edges represent formal or informal relationships between nodes (i.e. stock or bond ownership). History The concept and use of financial networks has emerged in response to the observation that modern financial systems exhibit a high degree of interdependence. Globalization has magnified the level of financial interdependence across many kinds of organizations. Shares, assets, and financial relationships are held and engaged in at a greater degree over time. The trend is a topic of major interest in the financial sector, particularly due to its implications on financial crises. The Crises have played a major role in developing the understanding of financial networks. In 1998, the crash of Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) exposed their underlying importance. In particular, the LTCM case highlighted the hidden correlations inherent in financial networks. In the case of LTCM, financial correlations were much higher than expected between Japanese bonds and Russian bonds. LTCM took on a significant amount of risk (at one point leveraged 25:1) to trade on this relationship, while underestimating these correlations. The 1997 Asian financial crisis and the subsequent 1998 Russian financial crisis lead to a divergence of European, Japanese and U.S. bonds, causing the collapse of LTCM. The ensuing crisis in the market proved the impact that financial networks can have. Similarly, after the 2008 financial crisis, many economists have come around to the view the very networked architecture of the financial system plays a central role in shaping systemic risk. In fact, many of the ensuing policy actions have been motivated by these insights. Applications As a result of these insights, network science concepts have been cross-applied to the finance field. As of 2008, the literature in the field was rather nascent. Broadly speaking, data on interbank relationships and transactions can be hard to come by. This can limit the number of applicable use cases. Nevertheless, there are some major areas of interest and applications for the study of financial networks. Some of these are financial contagion and system risk, the formation of interbank markets, and characterization of current financial systems. Other applications of financial networks are stock correlation networks, interbank networks, and agent-based models. Some agent based finance models which utilize a l
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/501%20Z%C3%BCm%20Queen
501 Züm Queen is a bus rapid transit route in Brampton, Ontario that is part of the Züm network. The route first began service on September 20, 2010, and currently has two branches running between either the Downtown Brampton Terminal or Bramalea Terminal in the west to eastern termini at either the or Toronto Transit Commission subway stations in Vaughan or Toronto, respectively. 501, the base route, operates eastward along Queen Street from the Downtown Brampton Terminal, with the 501C branch originating at the Bramalea Terminal. The 501 continues along Highway 7 in Vaughan and terminates at Vaughan Metropolitan Centre subway station, while the C branch follows Highways 427 and 407 from just east of Highway 50 to run express through Vaughan to York University. The C branch provides only limited weekday service. 501 Züm Queen shares routing with York Region Transit's Viva Orange express bus route between Martin Grove and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, and has been fare integrated with it since its creation. Both Brampton Transit and York Region Transit proofs of payment (Presto-marked transfers for riders paying cash) are accepted for the entire length of both bus routes. Service changes Formerly, there was a third branch, 501A, which followed the express routing through Vaughan along with 501C but ran the full distance between the Downtown Brampton Terminal and York University. The 501A route (along with the 501C) was cancelled during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 501C was restored on September 6, 2022, and the 501 was cut back to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre subway station. Stops Notes See also Viva Orange Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station 561 Züm Queen West References Züm bus routes 2010 establishments in Ontario
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20a%20Celebrity...Get%20Me%20Out%20of%20Here%21%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29
I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! (occasionally shortened to I'm a Celebrity) is an Australian reality television series on Network 10 which is based on the British television show of the same name. The series aired mainly on Network 10 and 10 HD. The series sees celebrities living in the jungle with few creature comforts, and competing in various challenges to earn meals and other luxuries. The celebrities compete for $100,000 to be donated to their chosen charity. The series is set in Kruger National Park, South Africa, and is hosted by Julia Morris and new host Robert Irwin. On 16 July 2015 the series was renewed for a second season, which premiered on 31 January 2016. The second season was accompanied by the companion series I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now! (similar to the original British series). It aired on Eleven (now 10 Peach) following each episode of the main series, hosted by comedian and former season one contestant Joel Creasey and The Bachelor Australia 3 contestant Heather Maltman. I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here! Now! did not air after the main show in later seasons due to low viewing rates. On 1 August 2016 the series was renewed for a third season with Morris and Brown returning as hosts, which premiered on 29 January 2017. A fourth season commenced on 28 January 2018 and concluded 12 March 2018. A fifth season was announced and premiered on 13 January 2019. The show aired over a four-week period instead of the previous six week period. In addition to the normal show, an hour-long companion series called I'm A Celebrity: 'Saturday Schoolies aired on Saturdays at 7 pm, hosted by Scott Tweedie, and involved the celebrities completing different tasks and assignments in order to win the 'golden lunchbox'. On 7 February 2019, it was confirmed the show would return for a sixth season, which premiered on 5 January 2020. In May 2020, Network 10 renewed the series for a seventh season and in August 2020 they confirmed that it would continue to air in 2021 despite the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was unclear whether the series will be able to film in South Africa or change to another production location. In November 2020, it was confirmed the series will be filmed in Australia at a site near Murwillumbah, New South Wales (the site used for many international versions of the show), which premiered on 3 January 2021. The series' eighth season was announced in August 2021 and premiered on 3 January 2022, whilst a ninth season was renewed in October 2022 and premiered on 2 April 2023. In February 2023, it was announced Brown had signed with Seven Network and would be leaving Network 10 in July 2023 after his final hosting duties of the 2023 season. In September 2023, it was rumoured Robert Irwin, son of Steve Irwin, would be Brown’s replacement as host in 2024. In October 2023, 10 confirmed at their annual upfronts that Irwin will be taking over hosting duties of Chris Brown. Format The premise of the show is that
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer%20Bahoda
Peer Bahora, is a village in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh, India. First internet cafe started here on 03-09-2012 Aqib Cyber World. you may visit the official website of aqib cyber world https://www.aqibcyberworld.in/ Villages in Bareilly district
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ships%20built%20at%20Meyer%20Werft
This list of ships built at Meyer Werft contains a selection of ships which were built new by the Meyer Werft GmbH of Papenburg, Germany. All data is as of delivery from Meyer Werft to the client. References External links More info about a ship can be acquired by entering the ships IMO or MMSI on marinetraffic.com Meyer Werft
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congstar
Congstar GmbH is a mobile network operator headquartered in Cologne, Germany. The company is a subsidiary of Telekom Deutschland, and specializes in discount mobile phone service marketed to younger people. In August 2014, Congstar's services had approximately 3.4 million users. In December 2019 the brand had over five million customers. See also List of mobile network operators of Europe References Companies based in Cologne Deutsche Telekom German brands Mobile phone companies of Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainik%20School%2C%20Punglwa
Sainik School Punglwa is boys' school in Peren, Nagaland, India. It was established by the Indian government in 2007 and is part of the Sainik School network. The school prepares its students for entry into the National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, Pune. Administration The school is administered by the Sainik Schools Society, under the supervision of the Indian Ministry of Defence. The Chief of Staff, 3 Corps is the chairman of the school's Local Board of Administration. Relationship to the National Cadet Corps The school has an Independent Company of Junior and Senior Division N.C.C. as an integral part, including all the three divisions of the defence services: the Army, Navy and Air Force. References External links Sainik Schools Society Sainik schools Boys' schools in India High schools and secondary schools in Nagaland 2007 establishments in Nagaland Educational institutions established in 2007 Peren district
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Louisiana
Old Louisiana is a 1937 American Western film, directed by Irvin Willat. It stars Tom Keene, Rita Hayworth, and Will Morgan. References External links Old Louisiana at the Internet Movie Database 1937 films 1930s historical films American historical films American Western (genre) films 1937 Western (genre) films Films directed by Irvin Willat Films set in the 1800s Films set in Louisiana American black-and-white films 1930s American films
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Journal%20of%20Advanced%20Computer%20Technology
The International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology (IJACT) is a publication which has been described as a predatory open access journal—a publication which has some of the surface attributes of a benign open access journal but is actually an exploitative and deceptive corruption of that model, operating as a disreputable vanity press with little scholarly value. Publication controversy In 2005, two scientists, David Mazières and Eddie Kohler, wrote a paper titled Get me off Your Fucking Mailing List and submitted it to WMSCI 2005 (the 9th World Multiconference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics), in protest of the conference's notoriety for its spamming and lax standards for paper acceptance. The paper consisted essentially only of the sentence "Get me off your fucking mailing list" repeated many times, sometimes as illustrations or diagrams. In 2014, after receiving a spam email from the International Journal of Advanced Computer Technology, Associate Professor in Information Technology at Federation University Australia Dr. Peter Vamplew B.A., B.Sc. (Hons), PhD forwarded Mazières' and Kohler's old paper as an acerbic response. To Vamplew's surprise, the paper was reviewed, and its appropriateness for the journal's publishing criteria was rated as "excellent" by the journal's peer-review process. It was accepted for publication with minor editorial changes. The paper was not actually published, as Vamplew declined to pay the required US$150 article processing charge. This case has led commenters to question the legitimacy of the journal as an authentic scholarly undertaking. References External links English-language journals Open access journals Computer science journals Academic journals established in 2012
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20Service
Results Service was a British television programme that ran from October 1985 until the end of the 1991/92 football season on the ITV network late on Saturday afternoons during the football season. History The programme began as a segment in the long-running programme World of Sport, a sports magazine programme that aired on the ITV network from 2 January 1965 to 28 September 1985. At around 4:45pm, at around the time final whistles began to be blown at football matches across Britain, World of Sport would air 'Results Service', taking reports from major football matches before a full classified check read by Bob Colston. Following World of Sport's demise, ITV committed itself to broadcast sport on Saturday afternoons, albeit as stand-alone programmes rather than as a magazine show. Typically, this would begin around midday with British wrestling (formerly a 4pm staple on World of Sport), followed by Saint and Greavsie, a football preview show and successor to the On the Ball segment of World of Sport. This would often be followed by an hour of non-sports programming, typically an American adventure series like Airwolf, which would be followed by a two-hour block of sports programming, usually snooker, darts, athletics, gymnastics, ice skating or hockey, after which, at 4:45pm, Results Service would air. Horse racing coverage, previously an integral part of World of Sport, continued as Channel 4 Racing on what was then ITV's sister channel, Channel 4. Format The programme was usually presented by Elton Welsby, who, at its beginning, was making a name for himself at ITV Sport having already become firmly-established as a presenter in the Granada TV region. In its early years, the theme tune was a variant of the 1983 World of Sport theme, though two other themes were used in later years. It began at 4:45pm and lasted 15 minutes. Football was always the dominant sport covered in the programme, though until the 1988/89 season, results of other sports, especially rugby union, cricket and snooker, also featured. Following ITV's contract to live and exclusive coverage of the Football League from the start of the 1988/89 season, the programme focussed mostly, possibly entirely on football, and also included goal action from the day's matches, where video could be transported to the studios for broadcast in time. Typically, the programme would begin with Welsby giving the latest scores, and in later years some goal action, followed by match reports from ITV commentators at the games, as well as from reporters working for various independent local radio stations around Britain, such as Tom Ross from BRMB or Richard Park from Radio Clyde. Bob Colston continued his role as reader of classified results throughout the programme's run, which he would do towards the end of the programme, after which Welsby would provide a run-down of the league tables and briefly preview the following Sunday's live match on ITV. Demise and aftermath ITV lost the rights
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Experience%20%28season%2026%29
Season 26 of the television program American Experience was originally shown on the PBS network in the United States from January 7, 2014, and concluded on November 18, 2014. The season contained seven new episodes and began with the film The Poisoner's Handbook. Episodes References 2014 American television seasons American Experience
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meizu%20MX4%20Pro
The Meizu MX4 Pro is a smartphone designed and produced by the Chinese manufacturer Meizu, which runs on Flyme OS, Meizu's modified Android operating system. It is a previous phablet model of the MX series, representing a more powerful version of the Meizu MX4. It was unveiled on 19 November 2014 in Beijing. History Before the launch of the Meizu MX4, there was speculation that it would feature two different versions. Leaked information confirmed the rumors and suggested that the extended version would be called the MX4 Pro. In October 2014, Meizu VP Li Nan confirmed on social media that Meizu would launch the Meizu MX4 Pro in November. This post also confirmed earlier speculations that the device would feature a 2K resolution screen. On 31 October 2014, it was reported that the upcoming Meizu device was certified by the Chinese telecommunication authority TENAA, equivalent to the American Federal Communications Commission. According to the certification, the device would have a battery with a capacity of 3100 mAh. Furthermore, it reconfirmed that the display would support 2K resolution. The launch event for the new device was officially scheduled for 19 November 2014 in Beijing. Release As announced at the launch, the MX4 Pro was released for purchase on 6 December 2014. Pre-orders for the device began after the launch event and more than 6.7 million devices had been pre-ordered within two weeks after the launch. Features Flyme The Meizu MX4 Pro was released with an updated version of Flyme OS, a modified operating system based on Android KitKat. It features an alternative, flat design and improved one-handed usability. Hardware and design The Meizu MX4 Pro features a Samsung Exynos 5430 system-on-a-chip with an array of four ARM Cortex-A15 and four Cortex-A7 CPU cores, a Mali-T628 MP6 and 3 GB of RAM. The MX4 Pro reaches a score of 54,863 points on the AnTuTu benchmark and is therefore approximately 8% faster than the Meizu MX4. The MX4 Pro is available in four different color variants (grey body with black front, champagne gold body with white front and white body with black or white front) and comes with 16 GB, 32 GB or 64 GB of internal storage. The Meizu MX4 Pro is slightly bigger and heavier with measures of x x and a weight of . It has a slate form factor, being rectangular with rounded corners and has only one central physical button at the front. Unlike most other Android smartphones, the MX4 Pro doesn't have capacitive buttons nor on-screen buttons. The functionality of these keys is implemented using a technology called mBack, which makes use of gestures with the physical button. The MX4 Pro further extends this button by a fingerprint sensor called mTouch. The MX4 Pro was the first Meizu phone to implement these two technologies. The MX4 Pro features a 5.5-inch multi-touch capacitive touchscreen display with a 2K resolution of 1536 by 2560 pixels. The pixel density of the display is 546 ppi. In addition to the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20schools%20in%20Poland
This is a compendium of schools in Poland by voivodeship with original source data. The complete government summary is available at the List of Schools in Poland per each Voivodeship (Wykaz szkół i placówek oświatowych według województw) provided by the Education Digital Centre, Poland (Centrum Informatyczne Edukacji, CIE); retrievable in both Zip and Excel formats, with each school's full name and street address listed. The official data include state subsidized Grade 0 preschools prior to the commencement of compulsory education. Greater Poland Voivodeship Featured are: 5,659 schools categorized by agglomeration and type, with CIE codes for classroom sizes and gminas. Digital source file for the Greater Poland Voivodeship (woj. wielkopolskie) official list of schools is available at: SIO: wielkopolskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. See also Wikipedia articles about selected locations which include: Adam Mickiewicz High School in Poznań St. John Cantius High School, Poznań, Poland Saint Mary Magdalene High School in Poznań Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Featured are: 3,316 schools categorized by agglomeration and type, with CIE codes for classroom sizes and gminas. Digital source file for the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (woj. kujawsko-pomorskie) official list of schools is: SIO: kujawsko-pomorskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. See also Wikipedia articles about selected locations which include: High School No. 1 in Bydgoszcz Lesser Poland Voivodeship Listed are: 6,015 schools categorized by agglomeration and type, with CIE codes for classroom sizes and gminas. Digital source file for the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (woj. małopolskie) official list of schools is: SIO: malopolskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. See also Wikipedia articles about selected locations which include: Bartłomiej Nowodworski High School British International School of Cracow International School of Krakow Jan III Sobieski High School, Kraków John Paul II High School in Tarnów Lower Silesian Voivodeship Featured are: 4,283 schools categorized by agglomeration and type, with CIE codes for classroom sizes and gminas. Digital source file for the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (woj. dolnośląskie) official list of schools is: SIO: dolnoslaskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. See also Wikipedia articles about selected locations which include: BISC Wrocław Lublin Voivodeship Listed are: 3,881 schools. Digital source file for the Lublin Voivodeship (woj. lubelskie) official list of schools is available at: SIO: lubelskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. Lubusz Voivodeship Listed are: 1,539 schools. Digital source file for the Lubusz Voivodeship (woj. lubuskie) official list of schools is available at: SIO: lubuskie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. Łódź Voivodeship Listed are: 3,811 schools. Digital source file for the Łódź Voivodeship (woj. łódzkie) official list of schools is: SIO: lodzkie.zip Retrieved 26 November 2014. See also Wikipedia articles
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20Herbariorum
The Index Herbariorum provides a global directory of herbaria and their associated staff. This searchable online index allows scientists rapid access to data related to 3,400 locations where a total of 350 million botanical specimens are permanently housed (singular, herbarium; plural, herbaria). The Index Herbariorum has its own staff and website. Over time, six editions of the Index were published from 1952 to 1974. The Index became available on-line in 1997. The index was originally published by the International Association for Plant Taxonomy, which sponsored the first six editions (1952–1974); subsequently the New York Botanical Garden took over the responsibility for the index. The Index provides the supporting institution's name (often a university, botanical garden, or not-for-profit organization), its city and state, and each herbarium's acronym, along with contact information for staff members and their research specialties, and the important holdings of each herbarium's collection. Editors 6th edition (1974) was co-edited by Patricia Kern Holmgren, Director of the New York Botanical Garden 7th printed edition, ed. by Patricia Kern Holmgren. 8th printed edition, ed. by Patricia Kern Holmgren. Online edition, prepared by Noel Holmgren of the New York Botanical Garden 2008+, ed. by Barbara M. Thiers, Director of the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium References Directories Herbaria Online botany databases
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spire%20Global
Spire Global, Inc. is a space-to-cloud data and analytics company that specializes in the tracking of global data sets powered by a large constellation of nanosatellites, such as the tracking of maritime, aviation and weather patterns. The company currently operates a fleet of more than 110 CubeSats, the second largest commercial constellation by number of satellites, and the largest by number of sensors. The satellites are integrally designed and built in-house. It has launched more than 140 satellites to orbit since its creation. The company has offices in San Francisco, Boulder, Washington, D.C., Glasgow, Luxembourg, Singapore, and Cambridge (Ontario). History Early Years Spire was originally known as NanoSatisfi Inc. NanoSatisfi was founded in June 2012 in San Francisco by International Space University graduates Peter Platzer, Jeroen Cappaert and Joel Spark as part of ArduSat, a project aiming to “democratize access to space”. Tests for early prototypes were conducted over the summer and the fall through a high-altitude balloon. This effort was partly financed through crowdfunding, with a KickStarter that raised Spire $106,330. In November the company signed an agreement with NanoRacks for the deployment of two satellites in what was to become “the first U.S. Commercial Satellite Deployment from the International Space Station”. In order to raise the capital required for the manufacturing of those satellites, the company incubated with Lemnos Labs. It raised investments totaling $1.5M in a seed round by Shasta Ventures, Lemnos Labs, E-merge, Grishin Robotics, and Beamonte Investments in February 2013. A year after signing with NanoRacks, on November 19, 2013, both ArduSat-1 and ArduSat-X (1U CubeSats) were successfully released from the Kibo Experiment Module of the International Space Station and quickly started transmitting data to Spire servers. Following this experimentation, Spire engineers opted to focus on 3U nanosatellites to start porting more complex payloads, launching the first iteration of its standard satellite format, Lemur-1, with the Dnepr rocket in June 2014, transiting from 1U to 3U in only seven months, and launching its first prototype just two years after incorporation. On the basis of this early success, Spire announced in July a follow-up $25M Series A funding round led by RRE Ventures and backed by Emerge, Mitsui & Co. Global Investment, and Mousse Partners. The following month, the company announced that ArduSat would be spun-off of the company and would focus exclusively on educational technology in partnership with U.S. high schools. Shortly after, Spire opened its Singapore office in late 2014 and started steadily increasing its network of ground stations. Growth On June 30, 2015, the company announced a $40 Million Series B led by Promus Ventures with participation from Bessemer Venture Partners and Jump Capital. in order to help finance the first batches of Lemur satellites. The first Lemur-2 were lau
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%20string%20%28disambiguation%29
C strings are strings in the C programming language. C string may also refer to: C-string (clothing), a specific type of thong, or a brand of women shorts C string (music), one of the strings on various instruments, for example the lowest string on the viola and cello See also CString, a C string representation in the Microsoft Foundation Class Library (MFC)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe%20Fuse%20CC
Adobe Fuse CC (formerly Fuse Character Creator) is a discontinued 3D computer graphics software developed by Mixamo that enables users to create 3D characters. Its main novelty is the ability to import and integrate user-generated content into the character creator. Fuse was part of Mixamo's product suite, and it is aimed at video game developers, video game modders, and 3D enthusiasts. History The technology underneath Fuse was initially developed as a character creator at Stanford University from the work of Siddhartha Chaudhuri in Prof. Vladlen Koltun's group. Chaudhuri's work resulted in a SIGGRAPH publication in 2011. Mixamo also partnered with Allegorithmic in the creation of Fuse. All texturing within Fuse is driven by Allegorithmic's Substance Designer. A beta version of Fuse was originally launched on Steam in November 2013. Fuse 1.0 was officially launched in March 2014. Adobe has stopped development and discontinued support for Fuse on September 13, 2020. Software Fuse is a client based product that lets users choose and modify character components such as body parts in real-time. Users can also customize their characters with clothing and texture options provided by Allegorithmic. Fuse's main novelty is the ability for users to import and automatically integrate their own content into the character creation system, leveraging all the features of pre-loaded content. Fuse characters are rigged through Mixamo online service. Characters have a bone driven rig and a blend shape based facial rig for facial animation. Use and availability Fuse is used mostly by game developers and game modders. Fuse is available on Mixamo, on the Unity Asset Store and on Steam marketplace where it has a user base of 40,000 users as of September 2014. Fuse characters can be imported through a specific series of steps into games created with the Source SDK by Valve. License All content available within Fuse is royalty free and regulated by the Fuse End User Licensing Agreement. References External links 3D computer graphics Entertainment software MacOS software Windows software 3D graphics software 3D graphics software that uses Qt Proprietary software that uses Qt Fuse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockly
Blockly is a client-side library for the programming language JavaScript for creating block-based visual programming languages (VPLs) and editors. A project of Google, it is free and open-source software released under the Apache License 2.0. It typically runs in a web browser, and visually resembles the language Scratch. Blockly uses visual blocks that link together to make writing code easier, and can generate code in JavaScript, Lua, Dart, Python, or PHP. It can also be customized to generate code in any textual programming language. History Blockly development began in summer 2011. The first public release was in May 2012 at Maker Faire. Blockly was originally designed as a replacement for OpenBlocks in App Inventor. Neil Fraser began the project with Quynh Neutron, Ellen Spertus, and Mark Friedman as contributors. User interface The default graphical user interface (GUI) of the Blockly editor consists of a toolbox, which holds available blocks, and where a user can select blocks, and a workspace, where a user can drag and drop and rearrange blocks. The workspace also includes, by default, zoom icons, and a trashcan to delete blocks. The editor can be modified easily to customize and limit the available editing features and blocks. Customization Blockly includes a set of visual blocks for common operations, and can be customized by adding more blocks. New blocks require a block definition and a generator. The definition describes the block's appearance (user interface) and the generator describes the block's translation to executable code. Definitions and generators can be written in JavaScript, or using a visual set of blocks, the Block Factory, which allows new blocks to be described using extant visual blocks; the intent is to make creating new blocks easier. Applications Blockly is used in several notable projects, including: MIT's Scratch, visual programming environment for education MIT's App Inventor, to create applications for Android. MIT's CoCo, visual collaborative programming website for education. Code.org, to teach introductory programing to millions of students in their Hour of Code program Microsoft's MakeCode, "a free online learn-to-code platform where anyone can build games, code devices, and mod Minecraft" RoboBlockly, a web-based robot simulation environment for learning coding and math PICAXE, to control their educational microchips SAM Labs, in STEAM learn-to-code "education solutions" Features Web-based using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) Completely client-side JavaScript Support of major web browsers including: Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Opera, Edge Support for many programmatic constructs including variables, functions, arrays Minimal type checking supported, designed for dynamically typed languages Easy to extend with custom blocks Clean code generation Step-by-step code execution for tracing and debugging code Localised into 100+ languages Support for left-to-right and right-to-left languag
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Indigenous%20peoples%20of%20Rivers%20State
Rivers State is the sixth-largest geographic area in Nigeria according to 2006 census data. The state has an indigenously diverse population with major riverine and upland divisions. The dominant ethnic groups are: Ogoni, Ijaw and Ikwerre. Upland Rivers State covering about 45% is composed mainly of Ogoni and Ikwerre, although there are many other minority people in the region. The riverine, including most of the state's towns and villages surrounded by water is moderately inhabited. It covers approximately 39% of the total land mass and holds a significant Ijaw population. This list refers to the various autochthonous ethnic groups residing within Rivers State's boundaries in addition to its upland and riverine areas. Abua Asa Andoni Babbe Bille Bolo Degema Ekpeye Eleme Engenni Etche Gokana Ibani Ikwerre Igbo Kalabari Khana Kula Ndoni Nkoro Nkoroo Ndoki Ogba Ogu Egbema Okrika Saro References I Rivers State Indigenous peoples
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20%28software%29
Random was an iOS mobile app that used algorithms and human-curation to create an adaptive interface to the Internet. The app served a remix of relevance and serendipity that allowed people to find diverse topics and interesting content that they might not have encountered otherwise. Random did not require a login or sign-up - the use of the app was anonymous. The app was powered by an artificial intelligence that learned from direct and indirect user interactions inside the app. While learning and adapting to a person, Random created a unique anonymous choice profile that was then used for recommending topics and content. The app didn't recommend the same content twice. User interface Random's user interface was made of ever-changing topic blocks that contained keywords and images. By choosing any of the blocks, the user would see related web content. By closing the web content, the user could access new related topics. The user interface allowed people to get more information about a specific topic area or then just leap freely from topic to topic. The content recommended by Random could be any type of web content, varying from news articles to long-form stories and from photographs to videos. Every user of the Random was curating content for other users by using the app. History Random was launched in March 2014. The startup was backed by Skype co-founder Janus Friis. The Random app received a strong reception from the likes of The New York Times, TechCrunch, New Scientist, Vice, and other leading publications. The app went on to gain traction with an active and loyal user community of several hundreds of thousands. This was not enough to support the free app model the team strongly believed in, and the service was terminated in Dec 2015. Reception Various reviews in media have emphasized that Random enables people to break their filter bubble and find diverse content they might not find elsewhere. Alan Henry of Lifehacker wrote: "Random... breaks you out by intentionally guiding you to new topics and interesting articles at sites you may not otherwise read." Vice Motherboard's Claire Evans says that: "Random never turns into a filter bubble, because it perpetually injects the irrational into my experience… in a cocktail of relevancy and serendipity." The app has been said to have a unique, minimalistic user experience. Kit Eaton of The New York Times commented that Random "let's you browse the news in a different way to all the other news sites you've probably ever used." Mashable reviewed Random by concluding that the "app may be one of the most simple content-discovery apps on the market." References Mobile applications IOS software
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Football%20Club%20Social%20Alliance
The Football Club Social Alliance (FCSA) is a network of professional European football clubs that team up for social change on a global level. The FCSA runs international projects in crisis- and development regions, and projects in disability football within Europe. History The FCSA was established by the Scort Foundation, a politically and religiously independent non-profit foundation headquartered in Basel, Switzerland. The foundation was established according to Swiss foundation law on 27 January 2010. In 2012, the Queens Park Rangers F.C. joined the FCSA's partnership programme. In May 2016, the FCSA launched the young coach education programme in Jordan. In September 2017, the FCSA launched its programme in Lebanon in collaboration with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Lebanese Football Association. In March 2018, the 1. FSV Mainz 05 joined the FCSA's partnership programme. Description The FCSA aim to empower young people from conflict and crisis regions and work with disadvantaged children. Experts of the football clubs train these young dedicated women and men together with local aid organisations to become certified “Young Coaches”– football coaches and social role models. Scort Foundation is responsible for all conceptual and organisational tasks, including the project management, fundraising and partnerships of the FCSA. The curriculum of the Young Coach Education programme was developed by Scort. Evaluations ensure that programme quality is maintained, and social impact is maximised. Partners FC Basel 1893 SV Werder Bremen Bayer 04 Leverkusen FK Austria Wien FC Schalke 04 1. FSV Mainz 05 (since 2018) Board of directors Gigi Oeri (President) Pierino Lardi (Vice President) Pierre Jaccoud Claudio Sulser References External links Official website Basel Foundations based in Switzerland Sports charities Organizations established in 2007 2007 establishments in Switzerland Association football organizations Charities based in Switzerland Sports organizations established in 2007
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stars%20Are%20Born
Stars Are Born was an early American television series which aired in New York City during 1951. A local series, it aired on DuMont Television Network's flagship station WABD, and like most WABD series was likely considered eligible to be picked up as a network series. It ran for several months, and aired in a 30-minute time-slot. It is not known if the series had a sponsor (surviving kinescopes of DuMont and WABD series suggest that, if it had a sponsor, the running time was about 24–25 minutes excluding commercials). It debuted February 4 and ran into May. The series featured dance numbers performed by children enrolled in various dancing schools in New York City. The program is likely lost, as most "local" shows of the 1950s are lost. Reception Bob Lanigan for the Brooklyn Eagle newspaper said the program was "far from dull" and "had plenty of sparkle and imagination". References External links Stars are Born on IMDb 1950s American children's television series 1951 American television series debuts 1951 American television series endings American live television series Lost American television shows Black-and-white American television shows Dance television shows Local children's television programming in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry%20Birds%20Stella%20%28TV%20series%29
Angry Birds Stella is a Finnish computer-animated adventure series based on the whole all-device mobile game Angry Birds: Slingshot Stella produced by Rovio Entertainment. The first episode, "A Fork in the Friendship", aired on Toons.TV on November 1, 2014. The series ended on March 11, 2016. Overview The series recounts the tale of young Stella, along with her friends Luca, Willow, Poppy, and Dahlia, who embark on adventures together, while dealing with the evil schemes of Gale, the former friend of Stella, who is the Queen of the minion pigs in Golden Island. Characters Main characters Stella – A pink galah, who is the de facto leader of the flock, being described as adventurous, fierce, friendly, courageous, and bold. Despite being very upset with her former friend Gale for the latter's departure and betrayal in the name of vanity, she still considers Gale a friend. Dahlia – A brownish long-eared owl, who acts as the brains of the flock, being a smart inventing genius, as well as the oldest member. However, some of her inventions and experiments backfire and become dangerous for others. Luca – A sky blue scrub-jay, who is the youngest and the only male in the flock. He is very playful and imaginative (having a liking for building). Unlike the others, Luca has little to no ill-will towards Gale after the latter left the flock, almost always being happy to see her, despite her evil schemes. Poppy – A light yellow Cockatiel, who has a fondness for music. Although she means well, Poppy has a tendency to get loud with playing the drums, which annoys the group. She also occasionally pulls pranks on her friends, which they dread. Willow – A shy dark blue western crowned pigeon with feathers resembling dreadlocks (most of which are concealed underneath her signature striped, floppy hat). Despite her shyness and insecurity, Willow is a very talented artist and specializes in painting portraits. She also acts as an older sister figure to Luca. Gale – A selfish and extremely vain dark purple violet-backed starling, who is Queen of the minion pigs and a former member of the flock. She left the flock to become the minion pigs' Queen, because, unlike her friends, the pigs were willing to do anything she wanted. Despite leaving the flock, Gale remains highly motivated to keep the attention of her former friends, which often comes into direct conflict with her superiority complex. In the series finale, Gale finally reconciles with Stella. Supporting characters Handsome Pig, a pig with a blond wig and Gale's right-hand man, who has an unrequited crush on Gale and will do anything to impress her. Minion Pigs, pigs who are assistants of Gale, but annoy her with their witlessness. Artist Pig, the pig whom Gale hires to make paintings for her (though his art skills are not to her liking). He later becomes friends with Willow. Episodes Home media Sony Pictures Home Entertainment is the DVD distributor for the series. Angry Birds Stella: The Complete 1s
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misra%20%26%20Gries%20edge%20coloring%20algorithm
The Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is a polynomial time algorithm in graph theory that finds an edge coloring of any simple graph. The coloring produced uses at most colors, where is the maximum degree of the graph. This is optimal for some graphs, and it uses at most one color more than optimal for all others. The existence of such a coloring is guaranteed by Vizing's theorem. It was first published by Jayadev Misra and David Gries in 1992. It is a simplification of a prior algorithm by Béla Bollobás. This algorithm is the fastest known almost-optimal algorithm for edge coloring, executing in time. A faster time bound of was claimed in a 1985 technical report by Gabow et al., but this has never been published. In general, optimal edge coloring is NP-complete, so it is very unlikely that a polynomial time algorithm exists. There are however exponential time exact edge coloring algorithms that give an optimal solution. Fans A color x of an edge (u,v) is said to be free on u if c(u,z) ≠ x for all (u,z) E(G) : z≠v. A fan of a vertex u is a sequence of vertices F[1:k] that satisfies the following conditions: F[1:k] is a non-empty sequence of distinct neighbors of u (F[1],u) E(G) is uncolored The color of (F[i+1],u) is free on F[i] for 1 ≤ i < k Given a fan F, any edge (F[i], X) for 1 ≤ i ≤ k is a fan edge. Let c and d be colors. A cdX-path is an edge path that goes through vertex X, only contains edges colored c and d and is maximal (we cannot add any other edge as it would include edges with a color not in {c, d}). Note that only one such path exists for a vertex X, as at most one edge of each color can be adjacent to a given vertex. Rotating a fan Given a fan F[1:k] of a vertex X, the "rotate fan" operation does the following (in parallel): c(F[i],X)=c(F[i+1],X) Uncolor (F[k],X) This operation leaves the coloring valid, as for each i, c(F[i + 1], X) was free on (F[i], X). Inverting a path The operation "invert the cdX-path" switches every edge on the path colored c to d and every edge colored d to c. Inverting a path can be useful to free a color on X if X is one of the endpoints of the path: if X was adjacent to color c but not d, it will now be adjacent to color d, not c, freeing c for another edge adjacent to X. The flipping operation will not alter the validity of the coloring since for the endpoints, only one of {c, d} can be adjacent to the vertex, and for other members of the path, the operation only switches the color of edges, no new color is added. Algorithm algorithm Misra & Gries edge coloring algorithm is input: A graph G. output: A proper coloring c of the edges of G. Let U := E(G) while U ≠ ∅ do Let (u, v) be any edge in U. Let F[1:k] be a maximal fan of u starting at F[1] = v. Let c be a color that is free on u and d be a color that is free on F[k]. Invert the cdu path Let w ∈ V(G) be such that w ∈ F, F' = [F[1]...w] is a fan and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Doozers
The Doozers is a computer-animated television series created by The Jim Henson Company. It is a spin-off of Fraggle Rock. The series originally premiered in Australia on Nick Jr. on October 7, 2013. The series began its US run as a Hulu exclusive on April 25, 2014. Turner's Cartoonito and Boomerang also aired it within European countries and Africa, as well as Cartoon Network Asia. On September 12, 2017, it was renewed for a second season. It premiered on May 25, 2018. Premise In the self-sustainable community of Doozer Creek located just beyond the view of humans, the show focuses on the Doozer Pod Squad (consisting of Daisy Wheel, Flex, Spike, and Mollybolt). Characters Main Spike Doozer (voiced by Jacob Ewaniuk) – Spike is the member of the Pod Squad who pushes the other Pod Squad members into action. He is the son of Chief Doozer and the older brother of Daisy Wheel Doozer. He has a brown nose and brown hair and wears a blue hat, socks and wristbands. Molly Bolt Doozer (voiced by Jenna Warren) – Molly Bolt Doozer is a Pod Squad member who enjoys organizing events. She can also make lists, maps, and graphs. She has a purple nose and purple hair and wears a pink hat, socks and shirt. Flex Doozer (voiced by Trek Buccino in season 1 and Tyler Barish in season 2) – Flex lives on his grandparents farm and uses his room as his workshop. Flex pilots the Pod Squad's vehicles. He has a yellow nose and yellow hair and wears an orange hat, socks and wristbands. Daisy Wheel Doozer (voiced by Millie Davis) – Daisy Wheel Doozer is the youngest and smallest of the Doozer Pod Squad. She is the younger sister of Spike Doozer and the daughter of Chief Doozer. She has a blue nose and blue hair and wears a purple hat, socks and shirt. Chief's family Chief Doozer (voiced by Heather Bambrick) – The Chief of Doozer Creek who is the mother of Spike Doozer and Daisy Wheel Doozer. Architect's family Chief Architect Doozer – the wife of Baker and mother of Molly. Baker Timberbolt Doozer (voiced by David Berni) – The father of Molly Bolt Doozer and the husband of Chief Architect Doozer. He runs the bakery shop in Doozer Creek. Peg Bolt Doozer (voiced by Lisa Norton) Others Doozer Doodad (voiced by David Berni) – Manager of the Doozer Creek supply depot, where the Pod Squad gets the supplies for their projects. Pinball Gimbal (voiced by Lisa Norton) – Professor Gimbal wears glasses and has a purplish-white color in his nose and hair, wearing a light blue helmet. He manages the Doozarium, where the Pod Squad meet. He issues challenges, and makes suggestions, for various projects for the Pod Squad to complete. Baxter was advertised for the series but has not appeared yet. He had a brown nose and brown hair. Voice cast David Berni – Baker Timberbolt Doozer and Doozer Doodad Trek Buccino – Flex Doozer Tyler Barish - Flex Doozer Jaxon Mercey - Spike Doozer Millie Davis – Daisy Wheel Doozer Jacob Ewaniuk – Spike Doozer Lisa Norton as Peg Bolt and
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jupiter%20trojans%20%28Trojan%20camp%29%20%281%E2%80%93100000%29
This is a partial list of Jupiter's trojans (60° behind Jupiter) with numbers 1–100000 . If available, an object's mean diameter is taken from the NEOWISE data release, which the Small-Body Database has also adopted. Mean diameters are rounded to two significant figures if smaller than 100 kilometers. Estimates are in italics and calculated from a magnitude-to-diameter conversion, using an assumed albedo of 0.057. 1–100000 This list contains 376 objects sorted in numerical order. top References Trojan_0 Jupiter Trojans (Trojan Camp) Lists of Jupiter trojans
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertson%E2%80%93Webb%20envy-free%20cake-cutting%20algorithm
The Robertson–Webb protocol is a protocol for envy-free cake-cutting which is also near-exact. It has the following properties: It works for any number (n) of partners. It works for any set of weights representing different entitlements of the partners. The pieces are not necessarily connected, i.e. each partner might receive a collection of small "crumbs". The number of queries is finite but unbounded – it is not known in advance how many queries will be needed. The protocol was developed by Jack M. Robertson and William A. Webb. It was first published in 1997 and later in 1998. Problem definition A cake C has to be divided among n agents. Each agent i has: A value-measure Vi on subsets of C; A weight wi representing the fraction of C to which the agent is entitled. The sum of all wi is 1. If all agents have the same rights, then wi = 1/n for all i, but in general the weights may be different. It is required to partition C into n subsets, not necessarily connected, such that, for every two agents i and h:So i does not envy j when taking their different entitlements into account. Details The main difficulty in designing an envy-free procedure for n > 2 agents is that the problem is not "divisible". I.e., if we divide half of the cake among n/2 agents in an envy-free manner, we cannot just let the other n/2 agents divide the other half in the same manner, because this might cause the first group of n/2 agents to be envious (e.g., it is possible that A and B both believe they got 1/2 of their half which is 1/4 of the entire cake; C and D also believe the same way; but, A believes that C actually got the entire half while D got nothing, so A envies C). The Robertson–Webb protocol addresses this difficulty by requiring that the division is not only envy-free but also near-exact. The recursive part of the protocol is the following subroutine. Inputs Any piece of cake X; Any ε > 0; n players, A1, …, An; m ≤ n players which are identified as "active players", A1, …, Am (the other n − m players are identified as "watching players"); Any set of m positive weights w1, …, wm; Output A partition of X to pieces X1, …, Xm, assigned to the m active players, such that: For every active player i and every other player h (active or watching):So agent i does not envy agent h when taking their different entitlements into account. The division is ε-near-exact with the given weights among all n players – both active and watching. Procedure Note: the presentation here is informal and simplified. A more accurate presentation is given in the book. Use a near-exact division procedure on X and get a partition which all n players view as ε-near-exact with weights w1, …, wm. Let one of the active players (e.g. A1) cut the pieces such that the division is exact for him, i.e. for every j: V1(Xj)/V1(X) = wj. If all other active players agree with the cutter, then just give piece Xi to active player Ai. This division is envy-free among the active p
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesco%20Hudl%202
The Hudl 2 was a tablet computer that was produced for British retailer Tesco and manufactured by Pegatron. It was announced in October 2014 as the successor to the 2013 Tesco Hudl. The device featured an 8.3-inch screen, a 1.83 GHz quad-core processor and 16 GB of internal flash memory. The tablet was launched with Android 4.4.2 KitKat and was officially upgradeable to Android 5.1 Lollipop. History The Hudl 2 was announced at a launch event on 3 October 2014, with the tagline "We want to show you the bigger picture", accompanied by the hashtag "#Letshudl". Hardware Design The Hudl 2 was available in eight colours. It had a soft coating on its back and a large front bezel. When held in landscape, it was wider and slimmer than the original Hudl, but was the same height. At 420 grams it was heavier than its predecessor; the original Hudl weighed 370g. Screen and input The Hudl 2 had an 8.3" IPS panel, LCD display with a resolution of HD 1920 × 1200 and a pixel density of 273 ppi. A micro-HDMI port allowed connection of an external display. Audio and output The Hudl 2 had speakers on the back of the device, with speaker holes in two rows at each side of the tablet. There was also a standard 3.5 mm headphone jack. Battery Tesco claimed that the battery could last up to 8 hours (depending on use), an hour more than the original Hudl. Storage The Hudl 2 came with 16GB of internal storage, of which approximately 9GB was available to the user. The total storage capacity of the Hudl 2 was expandable through the microSD card slot up to 32GB. With the 5.1 Lollipop update, the Hudl 2 officially supported 128GB cards (formatted FAT32). Accessories There was a range of accessories available for the Hudl 2. Tesco offered: Cases Styli Children’s headphones Earbud headphones Screen protectors Car charging kits Software and applications The tablet ran on Google’s Android operating system, providing features such as voice search. It had access to Google’s collection of apps including Chrome and Google Maps. It also had some of the same software as the first Hudl such as BlinkBox, allowing the user to purchase or rent films. The Hudl 2 came with new e-reader software for viewing e-books. As it was Tesco's product, there was an emphasis on encouraging the users to continue or start shopping in Tesco by having services such as Tesco Direct and Tesco Bank in folders available from the home-screen. The 'My Tesco' launcher was present as it was for the first Hudl, allowing the users to perform actions such as access their Clubcard account or to find their nearest Tesco store. Child use Tesco promoted the Hudl 2 as a family tablet. Their dedicated child safety app came bundled in an attempt to achieve this goal. This app let a user create a separate account for each user and limited accessible web content based on the user's age range. Other features of the child safety app included being able to control the amount of time users are allowed to use th
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YCSB
The Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB) is an open-source specification and program suite for evaluating retrieval and maintenance capabilities of computer programs. It is often used to compare the relative performance of NoSQL database management systems. The original benchmark was developed by workers in the research division of Yahoo! who released it in 2010 with the stated goal of "facilitating performance comparisons of the new generation of cloud data serving systems", particularly for transaction-processing workloads which differed from ones measured by benchmarks designed for more traditional database management systems. YCSB was contrasted with the TPC-H benchmark from the Transaction Processing Performance Council, with YCSB being called a big data benchmark while TPC-H is a decision support system benchmark. YCSB was used by DBMS vendors for "benchmark marketing". It has been used in scholarly or tutorial discussions, particularly for Apache HBase. It has been used for multiple-product comparisons by industry observers such as Network World (comparing Cassandra, MongoDB, and Riak), Thumbtack Technologies (comparing Aerospike, Cassandra, Couchbase, and MongoDB), and the Polytechnic Institute and University of Coimbra (comparing Cassandra, HBase, Elasticsearch, MongoDB, Oracle NoSQL, OrientDB, Redis, Scalaris, Tarantool, and Voldemort). SanDisk Corporation published results measured on the Oracle NoSQL Database. Implementations Original Java Implementation GoLang Implementation C++ Implementation for LevelDB, RocksDB, LMDB Embedded Key-Value Stores C++ Implementation for LevelDB, RocksDB, LMDB, WiredTiger, and UDisk Embedded Key-Value Stores References 2010 software Benchmarks (computing) Yahoo!
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magical%20Thinking%20%28American%20Horror%20Story%29
"Magical Thinking" is the eleventh episode of the fourth season of the anthology television series American Horror Story, which premiered on January 7, 2015 on the cable network FX. It was written by Jennifer Salt and directed by Michael Goi. Plot Stanley convinces an imprisoned Jimmy that the only way to pay for a lawyer is to sever one of his hands and sell it. He concocts a plan to smuggle Jimmy out of the prison using his Viking prostitute, who poses as an EMT. After Stanley puts him under, Jimmy awakens to find that both of his hands have been removed. Dell visits him at the hospital and realizes Stanley double crossed Jimmy. The two make plans to buy the Freak Show from Elsa once she leaves for Hollywood. Bette and Dot set out to find someone to deflower them, when they come across traveling Salesman, Chester. Chester dreams of performing his magic act in front of an audience, along with his Dummy named Marjorie. Chester also reveals that after fighting in Normandy, he had a metal plate implanted in his skull; which causes him to hallucinate that Marjorie is alive. Elsa agrees to let him perform, but only if he balances the books in return. After Chester asks for them to assist him in his magic act, Bette and Dot seduce Chester and sleep with him. Dell reveals to Elsa what happened to Jimmy and Elsa pleads with him to get Jimmy out. Eve suggests teaming up to save Jimmy. As the cops are transporting Jimmy back to prison, Eve throws a brick through the windshield and she and Dell kill both officers, rescuing Jimmy in the process. Dandy hires a private investigator to follow the Twins and soon learns of their transgression with Chester. He confronts Chester after Marjorie goes missing, revealing that he knows about Chester's past. A flashback reveals that Chester’s wife, Lucy, had an affair with a woman named Alice, and he murdered them both in a jealous rage, but he believes that Marjorie committed the murders. Dandy tells Chester where Marjorie is, and once he finds her, she tells Chester that he needs to kill the Twins. Maggie tells Elsa she needs to show her something, revealing Ma Petite's true fate. Desiree pulls a gun on Dell in his caravan, demanding to know who he has killed. Once Dell confesses his crime of killing Ma Petite, Elsa shoots him in the head from behind. Reception On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the episode has an approval rating of 85% based on 13 reviews. The critical consensus reads: "Neil Patrick Harris is a great guest star, but his turn in 'Magical Thinking' adds too hefty a storyline this late in the game." External links 2015 American television episodes American Horror Story: Freak Show episodes Television episodes about dissociative identity disorder Television episodes directed by Michael Goi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocom%20Corporation
Eurocom Corporation is a Canadian computer developer of high performance notebooks and laptops. History Eurocom was founded in 1989 as a company designing desktop replacement notebooks. To achieve this they used CPUs intended for desktop computers in their notebooks. In May 2013 Eurocom began to sell laptops through Future Shop's online retail store. Background Eurocom structures laptop design and building around units that it claims are "highly configurable and easily upgradable." Another Eurocom philosophy is "creating computers that push technology forward" and the company claims to have a series of industry firsts as a result. Eurocom offers a series of specialized computers such as Trusted Platform Module notebooks, and Mobile Servers. Eurocom has been awarded the "Intel Form Factor Solution Innovation Award" In addition to other awards from various publications. References External links Official website Eurocom Europe Canadian companies established in 1989 Companies based in Ottawa Computer hardware companies Electronics companies of Canada Canadian brands
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-blocking%20linked%20list
A non-blocking linked list is an example of non-blocking data structures designed to implement a linked list in shared memory using synchronization primitives: Compare-and-swap Fetch-and-add Load-link/store-conditional Several strategies for implementing non-blocking lists have been suggested. Review: linked lists (Singly) linked lists are fundamental data structures that are widely used as is, or to build other data structures. They consist of "nodes", or "links", that are put in some order indicated by a "next" pointer on each node. The last node in the list (the "tail") has a next pointer. The first node (the "head") is a sentinel: it stores no interesting information and is only used for its pointer. The operations that must be supported on lists are as follows. Given a node that is not yet part of the list, and a pointer to a node in the list (perhaps the head), insert after . Given a pointer , delete from the list. Both operations must support concurrent use: two or more threads of execution must be able to perform insertions and deletions without interfering with each other's work (see diagram). Harris's solution In a 2001 paper, Harris gives a solution to concurrent maintenance of ordered linked list that is non-blocking, using a compare-and-swap () primitive. Insertion of after is simple: If the was not successful, go back to 1. Deletion of is more involved. The naive solution of resetting this pointer with a single CAS runs the risk of losing data when another thread is simultaneously inserting (see diagram). This is specific case of the ABA problem. Instead, two invocations of are needed for a correct algorithm. The first marks the pointer as deleted, changing its value but in such a way that the original pointer can still be reconstructed. The second actually deletes the node by resetting . Operations on lock-free linked lists Insert search for the right spot in the list insert using Compare-and-swap Delete (Naive approach) search for the right spot in the list delete using Compare-and-swap Contains search for a specific value in the list and return whether it is present or not this is a read only operation, does not pose any concurrency issues Problems Concurrent insert and delete a process deleting node B requires an atomic action on the node's predecessor concurrently another process tries to insert a node C after node B (B.next=C) node B is deleted from the list but C is gone along with it Solutions Harris place a 'mark' in the next pointer of the soon-to-be deleted node fail when we try to CAS the 'mark' when detected go back to start of the list and restart Zhang et al. search the list to see if the value to be deleted exists, if exists mark the node logically deleted a subsequent traversal of the list will do garbage collection of logically deleted nodes Concurrent deletions two processes concurrently delete an adjacent node: node B and node C respectively the delete of n
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Contributor
Google Contributor was a program run by Google that allowed users in the Google Network of content sites to view the websites without any advertisements that are administered, sorted, and maintained by Google. The program launched publicly with prominent websites, like The Onion and Mashable among others, to test this service. After November 2015, the program opened up to any publisher who displayed ads on their websites through Google AdSense without requiring any sign-on from publishers. After November 2015, the program was available for everyone in the United States. Google Contributor stopped accepting new registrations after December 2016 in preparation for a new version launch in early 2017. On January 17, Google Contributor was shut down, with the landing page stating "We're launching a new and improved Contributor in early 2017!" In June 2017, the new Google Contributor was launched, but was shut down again. Some of the pages for Google Contributor still exist, but there is no way to sign up nor to log in, and the link for site owner help goes to a generic Google help page. In August 2020, some websites were available for Google Contributor, such as MTL Blog. Background Contributor was invented by Nemo Semret, as a 20% Project. The system allowed users to view online content resources (webpages, video streams, mobile apps), without advertising, by automatically bidding for the publisher's ad slots in real-time on behalf of the user and competing against advertisers. Thus it was a market-based content micro-payment system, ensuring fewer ads for users, and at least as much revenue for publishers as they would get from ads. Users could set a maximum monthly contribution starting at US$1.99 up to $14.99. After February 2016, Google Contributor changed to a fixed subscription fee of $6.99. When the user visits any of the Contributor-supported websites, a small part of the contribution will go to the website owners. The ad blocks, instead of displaying advertisement material, will, by default, display a thank you message with a pixel pattern. This pattern can be configured to contain cats or other patterns. In the implementation, Contributor bids for ad slots on the user's behalf using the standard Google ad auction system; if the user wins the auction, the Contributor image is placed in the ad space, and the cost of the ad is deducted from the user's monthly contribution. If the user does not win, the winning ad is displayed as normal and the user pays nothing for that slot. The website owners are paid for the ad slot as normal, although the revenue could, in theory, be marginally higher due to an additional participant in the ad auction. With the new Google Contributor, each site set its own price independently. This is a fixed price per page view. Each time a visitor views a page, the corresponding fixed fee is deducted from the Contributor balance. See also Google AdSense Google Ads Flattr List of Google products Pay p
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar%20II
Stellar II may refer to: Hyundai Stellar II, a Hyundai car in the late 1980s Hasselblad Stellar II, a Hasselblad compact digital camera (based on the Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100M2) released in 2014 See also Stellar (disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fintech
Fintech, a portmanteau of "financial technology", refers to firms using new technology to compete with traditional financial methods in the delivery of financial services. Artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data are regarded as the "ABCD" (four key areas) of fintech. The use of smartphones for mobile banking, investing, borrowing services, and cryptocurrency are examples of technologies designed to make financial services more accessible to the general public. Fintech companies consist of both startups and established financial institutions and technology companies trying to replace or enhance the usage of financial services provided by existing financial companies. Key areas Academics Artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, cloud computing, and big data are considered the four key areas of fintech. Artificial intelligence refers to the intelligence demonstrated by machines, in contrast with “natural intelligence” displayed by humans and animals. AI is assuming an increasingly important role in traditional banking and finance as it provides technologies such as voice recognition, natural language processing, and computer vision for user-account management and fraud detection, machine learning methods, and deep learning networks for anti-money laundering and credit modeling. Mobile and internet payment systems are closely connected to cloud computing. The past ten years have witnessed increasing adoption of cloud computing by financial institutions around the globe. Industry Financial technology has been used to automate investments, insurance, trading, banking services and risk management. Robo-advisers are a class of automated financial adviser that provide financial advice or investment management online with moderate to very little human intervention. They provide digital financial advice based on mathematical rules or algorithms and thus can provide a low-cost alternative to a human adviser. Global investment in financial technology increased more than 12,000% from $930 million in 2008 to $121.6 billion in 2020. 2019 saw a record high with the total global investment in financial technology being $215.3 billion, of which Q3 alone accounted for $144.7 billion in investment. In H1 2021, fintech deal volume hit 2,456 deals accounting for $98 billion in investment. Global VC investment was higher than $52 billion in H1’21, close to the annual record of $54 billion seen in 2018. H1’21 saw $21 billion in corporate-affiliated VC investment. CVC deal volume reached a high of 284 in Q1’21, and then grew further to 312 in Q2’21. The Americas saw about $51.4 billion of fintech investment in H1’21, with the US alone accounting for $42.1 billion. In the EMEA region, investment in fintech was very robust at $39.1 billion. In Asia-Pacific, fintech investment grew between H2’20 and H1’21—rising from $4.5 billion to $7.5 billion, although it was subdued in comparison with previous record highs. The nascent financial te
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20media%20mining
Social media mining is the process of obtaining big data from user-generated content on social media sites and mobile apps in order to extract actionable patterns, form conclusions about users, and act upon the information, often for the purpose of advertising to users or conducting research. The term is an analogy to the resource extraction process of mining for rare minerals. Resource extraction mining requires mining companies to shift through vast quantities of raw ore to find the precious minerals; likewise, social media mining requires human data analysts and automated software programs to shift through massive amounts of raw social media data in order to discern patterns and trends relating to social media usage, online behaviours, sharing of content, connections between individuals, online buying behaviour, and more. These patterns and trends are of interest to companies, governments and not-for-profit organizations, as these organizations can use these patterns and trends to design their strategies or introduce new programs, new products, processes or services. Social media mining uses a range of basic concepts from computer science, data mining, machine learning and statistics. Social media miners develop algorithms suitable for investigating massive files of social media data. Social media mining is based on theories and methodologies from social network analysis, network science, sociology, ethnography, optimization and mathematics. It encompasses the tools to formally represent, measure and model meaningful patterns from large-scale social media data. In the 2010s, major corporations, governments and not-for-profit organizations engaged in social media mining to obtain data about customers, clients and citizens. Background As defined by Kaplan and Haenlein, social media is the "group of internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, and that allow the creation and exchange of user-generated content." There are many categories of social media including, but not limited to, social networking (Facebook or LinkedIn), microblogging (Twitter), photo sharing (Flickr, Instagram, Photobucket, or Picasa), news aggregation (Google Reader, StumbleUpon, or Feedburner), video sharing (YouTube, MetaCafe), livecasting (Ustream or Twitch), virtual worlds (Kaneva), social gaming (World of Warcraft), social search (Google, Bing, or Ask.com), and instant messaging (Google Talk, Skype, or Yahoo! messenger). The first social media website was introduced by GeoCities in 1994. It enabled users to create their own homepages without having a sophisticated knowledge of HTML coding. The first social networking site, SixDegrees.com, was introduced in 1997. Since then, many other social media sites have been introduced, each providing service to millions of people. These individuals form a virtual world in which individuals (social atoms), entities (content, sites, etc.) and interactions (between individua
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified%20methods%20for%20computing%20incompressible%20and%20compressible%20flow
Computation of incompressible and compressible flow generally depends on the Mach number M, where for a range of zero to supersonic compressible equations are applied but with a possible error on a range of M<0.2. For this range we have to apply incompressible Navier Stokes and Euler equations but the work would be much easier if we find a Unified Method for solving both the flows. Unified method can also lead us towards much more accuracy and efficiency. The standard method for solving compressible flows fails; the basic cause of failure for the compressible flow methods is the stiffness of the governing equations. Conservation of mass Conservation of momentum Conservation of energy One way to fix this problem is to change the governing equation; known as preconditioning; which can also increases the accuracy. The other cause for the breakdown is pressure because it is not taken into account as primary unknown. For making the governing equation workable for both the compressible and incompressible flows, following things needs to be corrected:- Usage of dimensionless pressure thereby removing the difficulties faced while solving for very low Mach number Use non conservative form of energy which increases the efficiency Discretization of the mass conservation equation Use MUSCL and Runge–Kutta time stepping Governing equation Conservation of mass Equation of state Momentum equation By using the dimensionless pressure and equation of state the governing equation can be best described as: Finite volume scheme For the above specified governing equations the finite volume scheme is where Here with c as the speed of the sound. And it is found that here m and p are the terms evaluated at new time level t^(n+1) This is mostly based on the 1 dimension case Pressure correction method For a higher order nonlinear system we have to use iterative methods. So for the better results we use the pressure-correction method In this method first t^(n+1)is obtained. Next a momentum prediction m* by replacing p^(n+1/2) by p^n A momentum correctionis postulated as Substitution of gives the following pressure Correction Equation for Boundary conditions Boundary conditions needed for solving above methods for j=1 For j=J the momentum equation is integrated over a half cell: Runge–Kutta method There are other methods too for finding the more accurate, more efficient results like one is Runge–Kutta method. it is known as a time stepping method in which one can freeze the time of first three steps and jump to the fourth level of the Euler equation with full time T so (m+1) stage becomes: In the fourth stage pressure correction is carried out: References Computational fluid dynamics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelia%20Guberman
Shelia Guberman (born 25 February 1930, Ukraine, USSR) is a scientist in computer science, nuclear physics, geology, geophysics, medicine, artificial intelligence and perception. He proposed the D-waves theory of Earth seismicity, algorithms of Gestalt-perception (1980) and Image segmentation, and programs for the technology of oil and gas fields exploration (1985). Life and career He is the son of Aizik Guberman (writer, poet) and his wife Etya (teacher). From 1947 to 1952 Guberman studied at the Institute of Electrical Communications, Odessa, USSR, graduating in radio engineering. From 1952 to 1958 he worked as field geophysicist in the Soviet oil industry. From 1958 to 1961 he studied as a postgraduate at the Oil and Gas Institute in Moscow. In 1962 he received a PhD. in nuclear physics, followed by a PhD. in applied mathematics in 1971. In 1971 he was appointed for full professorship in computer science. After authoring the first applied pattern recognition program in 1962, Guberman specialized in artificial intelligence implementing principles of Gestalt perception in computer programs for geological data analysis. In 1966 he was invited by the outstanding mathematician of the XX century Prof. I. Gelfand to lead the Artificial Intelligence team in Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He applied the pattern recognition technology to earthquake prediction, oil and gas exploration, handwriting recognition, speech compression, and medical imaging. From 1989 to 1992 Guberman held the chair professorship at Moscow Open University (Department of Geography). Since 1992 he is living in the US. Guberman is the inventor of the handwriting recognition technology implemented in the commercial product by the company "Paragraph International" founded by S. Pachikov, and used today by Microsoft in Windows CE. He is author of core technologies for five US companies, and owns a patent on speech compression. Achievements Handwriting recognition The common approach to computer handwriting recognition was computer learning on a set of examples (characters or words) presented as visual objects. Guberman proposed that it is more adequate for the psycho-physiology of human perception to present the script as a kinematic object, a gesture, i.e. synergy of movements of the stylus producing the script. The handwriting consists of 7 primitives. The variations, which characters undergo during the writing, are restricted by the rule: each element can be transformed only into his neighbor in the ordered sequence of primitives. During the evolution of Latin-like writing acquired resistance to natural variations in character shape: when one of the primitives is substituted by his neighbor the interpretation of the character does not change to another one. Based on this approach two USA companies Paragraph and Parascript developed the first commercial products for on-line and off-line free handwriting recognition, which were li
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20insurance
Cyber-insurance is a specialty insurance product intended to protect businesses from Internet-based risks, and more generally from risks relating to information technology infrastructure and activities. Risks of this nature are typically excluded from traditional commercial general liability policies or at least are not specifically defined in traditional insurance products. Coverage provided by cyber-insurance policies may include first-party coverage against losses such as data destruction, extortion, theft, hacking, and denial of service attacks; liability coverage indemnifying companies for losses to others caused, for example, by errors and omissions, failure to safeguard data, or defamation; and other benefits including regular security-audit, post-incident public relations and investigative expenses, and criminal reward funds. Advantages Because the cyber-insurance market in many countries is relatively small compared to other insurance products, its overall impact on emerging cyber threats is difficult to quantify. As the impact to people and businesses from cyber threats is also relatively broad when compared to the scope of protection provided by insurance products, insurance companies continue to develop their services. According to a survey, 46% of all breaches have an effect on companies with fewer than 1,000 employees. In this case, strong security measures and cyber liability insurance may be necessary. As insurers payout on cyber-losses, and as cyber threats develop and change, insurance products are increasingly being purchased alongside existing IT security services. Indeed, the underwriting criteria for insurers to offer cyber-insurance products are also early in development, and underwriters are actively partnering with IT security companies to develop their products. As well as directly improving security, cyber-insurance is enormously beneficial in the event of a large-scale security breach. Insurance provides a smooth funding mechanism for recovery from major losses, helping businesses to return to normal and reducing the need for government assistance. As a side benefit, may cyber-insurance policies require entities attempting to procure cyber-insurance policies to participate in a IT security audit before the insurance carrier will bind the policy. This will help companies determine their current vulnerabilities and allow the insurance carrier to gauge the risk they are taking on by offering the policy to the entity. By completing the IT security audit the entity procuring the policy will be required, in some cases, to make necessary improvements to their IT security vulnerabilities before the cyber-insurance policy can be procured. This will in-turn help reduce risk of cyber crime against the company procuring cyber-insurance. Finally, insurance allows cyber-security risks to be distributed fairly, with the cost of premiums commensurate with the size of expected loss from such risks. This avoids potentially danger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai%20Hippo%20Animation
Shanghai Hippo Animation Co., Ltd. () is the largest computer animation film studio in China. Founded in Shanghai in 2003, Hippo Animation specializes in the creation of original content, as well as software development and the development of CG animation technologies. The company has also built a nationwide distribution infrastructure. The studio's first animated feature film, Animen, was released in China in 2010, and internationally in 2011. Since this release, the studio has released four animated films in theaters across China and internationally. History Kerr Xu founded Hippo Animation in 2003 with five people and $35,000. The company was issued a Certificate of Video Production by the People's Republic of China State Administration of Radio, Film and Television, and is supported by the Shanghai government. As of October 2014, the studio's growing workforce is approaching 1,000 employees, and the studio has the capacity to produce 4-5 films annually. Xu also is the founder and CEO of Hippo's parent company, SJS Computer Science and Technology, a solutions and tool development company for CG film making. SJS's proprietary patents and plug-ins for commercial CGI platforms, including Autodesk Maya and Nuke, are used in-house at Hippo. Animators at Hippo are able to complete 6–7 seconds of quality facial animation per day, versus the industry standard of 1–2 seconds per day. In 2013, Hippo struck feature film co-production deals with two Australian companies, announcing that almost $90 million worth of animated films will be produced in Western Australia as part of the deal, including plans to launch a $50 million China-Australia co-production film fund. One of the partnerships saw Australia's VUE Group, including VFX supervisor Gyuri Kiss (Matrix Reloaded, Watchmen), collaborate on Farmhouse II and Kung Fu Style. In 2014, Xu announced plans to build the Asian Hollywood, complete with a training facility for Chinese students, in Western Australia. Hippo has also licensed its content to Netflix, the first deal of its kind between Netflix and a Chinese studio. Key personnel Kerr Xu, founder, CEO, and General Manager. Xu is the son of top aerospace engineers in China. After gaining extensive experience in the business management, investment, and entrepreneurial sectors in the US, where he founded successful startup companies in industries ranging from medical equipment to IT, Xu returned to China, where he became the investment controller for the Fosun International prior to starting Hippo. Xu has been referred to as the Walt Disney of China. Yang Wen Yan, Company President, appointed May, 2014. Yang is the former president of Toonmax Media, a part of Shanghai Media Group, and broadcaster to 60 million children across China. She is also a venture capital investor in film and TV, with expertise in movie merchandising and distribution. Filmography Gaming and interactive cinema In 2013, Hippo was invited by the Publicity Ministry of the Sh
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%20control
Job control may refer to: Computing Job control (computing), the control of multiple tasks or jobs on a computer system Job control (Unix), control of jobs by a shell in Unix and Unix-like operating systems Job Control Language, scripting languages used on IBM mainframe operating systems Other uses Job control (workplace), the ability of a person to influence what happens in their work environment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Bisignano
Frank J. Bisignano (born August 9, 1959) is an American businessman and the President and CEO of Fiserv. He previously served as the CEO of First Data Corporation and the COO of JPMorgan Chase. Career Based in New York City, Bisignano started his career as VP of both Shearson Lehman Brothers and First Fidelity Bank. Starting in 1994, he held a number of executive positions at Citigroup, with American Banker writing that "he got his payments industry bona fides at Citi by running its massive global transaction services unit." In 2004 the publication Treasury and Risk named him one of the "100 most influential people in finance." Hired as CAO of JPMorgan Chase in 2005, CEO Jamie Dimon "trusted him with integrating the bank’s purchases of a foundering Bear Stearns Cos. and bankrupt Washington Mutual Inc. during the crisis." Bisignano was also a primary negotiator in JPMorgan's acquisition of the Canary Wharf property in London, and CEO for several of JPMorgan's mortgage banking divisions. In 2012 he was promoted to co-COO, and the Financial Times called him "one of [JPMorgan]s most influential, yet least visible, executives." In 2013 Bisignano became Chairman and CEO of First Data Corporation, and his tenure attracted a fair amount of coverage in the press. He oversaw a technological push at the company, and in 2014 First Data collaborated with Apple Inc. on Apple Pay. Bisignano is also on the boards of organizations such as Continuum Health Partners and the Metro Atlanta Chamber of Commerce. Following Fiserv's acquisition of First Data in 2019, Bisignano formally assumed the role of Fiserv CEO in July 2020. A 2018 Bloomberg editorial suggested that in 2013, Bisignano might have been the source of a leak regarding a Federal investigation into possible manipulation of US energy markets by JP Morgan. Bisignano is consistently rated as one of the highest-paid CEOs in the United States. In 2017, the New York Times reported that his compensation exceeded $100 million. His compensation was rated at approximately $40 million in 2019. In December of 2022 Bisignano signed a new contract with Fiserv to serve as president and CEO until 2027. Politics Bisignano is a long-time supporter of the Republican Party, and Donald Trump in particular. He has donated hundreds of thousands of dollars towards Republican campaigns, including a $125,000 contribution to Trump Victory in 2019. References External links Frank Bisignano at First Data American chief operating officers Living people 1959 births People from Mill Basin, Brooklyn American people of Italian descent Citigroup people Businesspeople from New York (state) American technology chief executives American money managers Baker University alumni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable%20Development%20Solutions%20Network
The Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) is a non-profit launched by the United Nations in 2012 to promote the implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at national and international levels. As of 2022, the SDSN has over 1,700 members in 50 networks across 144 countries, with offices in New York, Paris, and Kuala Lumpur. It aims to mobilize expertise, knowledge, and resources from academia, civil society, businesses, and governments to promote sustainable development solutions worldwide. SDSN Southeast Asia Regional Hub (SDSN-SEA) SDSN networks around the world are platforms to promote and share sustainable development solutions that can be put into practice. They are crucial for the continued improvement of emerging economies in ASEAN in a way that minimizes negative impact on the environment, generates employment and inclusive growth, and helps to eradicate poverty. SDSN-SEA and SDSN Indonesia were launched in October 2013 by the then President of the Republic of Indonesia, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono with Prof Jeffrey Sachs (Director of the Earth Institute of Columbia University and Special Consultant to UN Director-General Ban Ki-moon) and Mari Pangestu (the then Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy of Indonesia). The entire organization is housed under UID Foundation co-founded by Cherie Nursalim, Vice Chairman GITI Group, Vice Chair International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). The President of UID Foundation is former Minister of Trade, Mari Elka Pangestu. Both are members of the SDSN Leadership Council As part of the global network, SDSN South-East Asia (SDSN-SEA) mobilizes universities, other knowledge institutions as well as civil societies of South East Asia to support the SDGs. The network is headquartered in Indonesia and chaired by the United in Diversity (UID) Foundation. 2014 Regional Workshop (Partnership for Solutions) The first Regional Workshop was held in Jakarta in November 2014 and brought together leaders and experts from academia, government, business and civil society. The main partner was the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia led by Minister Siti Nurbaya. Organizing partners were the University Indonesia Research Center for Climate Change, United in Diversity Forum (UID), Monash University in partnership with the Carbon War Room, the Australia–Indonesia Centre and the Harold Mitchell Foundation. The regional workshop primarily focused on identifying an economically, socially and environmentally sustainable future for Indonesia. It also looked at how progress can be measured, focusing especially on the current UN proposal for the Sustainable Development Goals. Much of the discussion was on Indonesia's future energy needs, identifying how they can be met in line with decarbonizing the energy system to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and developing plans for collaborative solution initiatives. See also World Happiness Report References Sustainability organizations In
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabaneri%20of%20the%20Iron%20Fortress
is a Japanese anime television series by Wit Studio. It was broadcast for 12 episodes on Fuji TV's Noitamina programming block from April to June 2016. The series was streamed on Amazon Prime Instant Video service. Two compilation films premiered in Japanese theaters in December 2016 and January 2017. Crunchyroll and Funimation co-released the anime on Blu-ray and DVD in the United States; Crunchyroll also acquired the merchandise rights. An anime theatrical film that is set six months after the anime series, titled Kabaneri of the Iron Fortress: The Battle of Unato premiered in May 2019. A Netflix version was released as a three-part series in 2019. Plot A mysterious virus appears during the Industrial Revolution that transforms infected humans into and rapidly spreads. Kabane are aggressive, undead creatures that cannot be defeated unless the glowing golden heart, which is protected by a layer of iron, is pierced, or an important body part (such as the head) is completely severed. Unfortunately, most melee weapons and the steam-pressure guns used by the are not very effective against them. On the island country , people have built fortress-like "stations" to shelter themselves from these creatures. People access the stations and transport wares between them with the help of . One day, a hayajirō hijacked by the kabane crashes into Aragane Station and they overrun the city. A young engineer called Ikoma uses the opportunity to test with success his anti-kabane weapon, the , but is infected in the process, although he manages to resist the virus and become a , a human-kabane hybrid. Assisted by , another Kabaneri who appears to help them, Ikoma and the other survivors of the station board a hayajirō named and depart to seek shelter elsewhere, fighting the hordes of kabane along the way. Characters A young man who makes a living as a steamsmith at Aragane Station. He and his good friend Takumi developed a bolt gun–like weapon called a piercing gun in order to defeat the Kabane. He is very intelligent and a great craftsman, even going as far as to invent and create a piercing gun with enough strength to break the metal cage around a Kabane's heart. When Aragane Station is invaded by Kabane, Ikoma is able to successfully test his piercing gun, killing a Kabane with the bullet and destroying the metal cage protecting its heart, but is unfortunately bitten in the process. He is able to prevent the virus from reaching his brain by blocking his carotid arteries, transforming him into a human/Kabane hybrid, a Kabaneri. After becoming a Kabaneri, his fighting prowess increases. He gains incredible strength and endurance, even shrugging off gunfire and being bitten by Kabane multiple times. Ikoma and Mumei often fight alongside each other against many Kabane and work exceedingly well as a duo. Ikoma makes a promise to Mumei to someday turn her back into a human as he failed to do so in his childhood for his sister. Ikoma is the male protagonist
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peterborough%20Software
Peterborough Software was a Payroll and Human Resources software and services company started in Peterborough, England in 1963. It is notable for being a pioneer of computerised Payroll Services and Software in the United Kingdom, as cited by UK magazine Personnel Today. The Company was acquired by Northgate Information Solutions in 2004. History Early years The company was formed in Peterborough, England in 1963, by Ian K. Evans-Gordon a programmer at Perkins Engines, Peterborough using spare capacity on his firm’s mainframe computer. 1972 - Launches Unilist, software to analyse the data held on its payroll programme. Company now has 18 staff. 1975 - Unipersonnel launched. Systems updated to enable on-line data entry instead of batch processing. 1980s PC-Based products (running on MS-DOS), branded PS2000 and using Revelation Software (a Pick based product) released in 1987. 1990s An April 1996 article in The Independent newspaper in the UK reported "The group is the market leader with 73 of the top 100 companies and 20 per cent of the UK working population paid through its systems. Sales have grown from pounds 7m to pounds 30m since 1986". In 1997 the Company became part of the newly formed Rebus Group, formed from (inter alia) Peterborough Software and Septre Computer Services. In 1999 Rebus Software was named as the leading (UK) systems supplier for HR and Payroll in a survey conducted as part of the annual Computers in Personnel event In 1999 Rebus was taken private by Warburg Pincus and General Atlantic at a cost of £172m. 2000s The Company was bought by Northgate in early 2004 for £153million. See also MultiValue The original NoSQL database predating Oracle, SQL Server References Software companies of England Defunct software companies of the United Kingdom Business software companies Human resource management consulting firms Payroll Companies based in Peterborough Defunct companies of England British companies established in 1963 Consulting firms established in 1963 Software companies disestablished in 2004 1963 establishments in England 2004 disestablishments in England Warburg Pincus companies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acleris%20sordidata
Acleris sordidata is a species of moth of the family Tortricidae. It is found in Afghanistan. References Moths described in 1971 sordidata Moths of Asia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximate%20max-flow%20min-cut%20theorem
Approximate max-flow min-cut theorems are mathematical propositions in network flow theory. They deal with the relationship between maximum flow rate ("max-flow") and minimum cut ("min-cut") in a multi-commodity flow problem. The theorems have enabled the development of approximation algorithms for use in graph partition and related problems. Multicommodity flow problem A "commodity" in a network flow problem is a pair of source and sink nodes. In a multi-commodity flow problem, there are commodities, each with its own source , sink , and demand . The objective is to simultaneously route units of commodity from to for each , such that the total amount of all commodities passing through any edge is no greater than its capacity. (In the case of undirected edges, the sum of the flows in both directions cannot exceed the capacity of the edge). Specially, a 1-commodity (or single commodity) flow problem is also known as a maximum flow problem. According to the Ford–Fulkerson algorithm, the max-flow and min-cut are always equal in a 1-commodity flow problem. Max-flow and min-cut In a multicommodity flow problem, max-flow is the maximum value of , where is the common fraction of each commodity that is routed, such that units of commodity can be simultaneously routed for each without violating any capacity constraints. min-cut is the minimum of all cuts of the ratio of the capacity of the cut to the demand of the cut. Max-flow is always upper bounded by the min-cut for a multicommodity flow problem. Uniform multicommodity flow problem In a uniform multicommodity flow problem, there is a commodity for every pair of nodes and the demand for every commodity is the same. (Without loss of generality, the demand for every commodity is set to one.) The underlying network and capacities are arbitrary. Product multicommodity flow problem In a product multicommodity flow problem, there is a nonnegative weight for each node in graph . The demand for the commodity between nodes and is the product of the weights of node and node . The uniform multicommodity flow problem is a special case of the product multicommodity flow problem for which the weight is set to 1 for all nodes . Duality of linear programming In general, the dual of a multicommodity flow problem for a graph is the problem of apportioning a fixed amount of weight (where weights can be considered as distances) to the edges of such that to maximize the cumulative distance between the source and sink pairs. History The research on the relationship between the max-flow and min-cut of multicommodity flow problem has obtained great interest since Ford and Fulkerson's result for 1-commodity flow problems. Hu showed that the max-flow and min-cut are always equal for two commodities. Okamura and Seymour illustrated a 4-commodity flow problem with max-flow equals to 3/4 and min-cut equals 1. Shahrokhi and Matula also proved that the max-flow and min-cut are equal provided the dual of the fl
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkle%20%28company%29
Inkle (styled inkle) is a video game development company based in Cambridge, United Kingdom that specialises in interactive narrative, i.e. text-focused computer video games. They are notable for games such as 80 Days, which was Time Magazine's Game of the Year in 2014, and Sorcery!, a recreation of Steve Jackson’s Sorcery! gamebook series. Inkle has also created inklewriter, a tool for creating interactive fiction that was online from 2012 until 2018. inklewriter was subsequently revived as free and open-source software in 2019. History Inkle was founded in November 2011 by Jon Ingold and Joseph Humfrey. Their first project was an interactive, choice-based version of Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein, written by gamebook author Dave Morris and published by Profile Books. It received mixed reactions, earning a Kirkus Reviews “Best of 2012” star, while The Guardian described it as “digital butchery”, noting its “bewildering” format and how, despite being billed as “interactive”, users cannot change how the base story plays out. In May 2013 they released the first game in a fantasy series, Sorcery!, based on gamebooks by famous UK games designer Steve Jackson. The adaptation was widely praised, with IGN calling it “a prime example of what can happen when traditional storytelling gets along with contemporary game design”. The first sequel followed in November 2013 and was substantially larger in scope, with the final two installments published in April 2015 and September 2016. They have collaborated with Penguin Books on two apps. “Poems by Heart” is a memorisation game intended to help readers learn poetry and was chosen as one of Kirkus Reviews' Best Books of 2013. In the same year they worked with author Kelley Armstrong on The Cainsville Files, a visual-novel style interactive prequel to her Cainsville book series. Gamasutra named them one of their top 10 developers of 2014, saying their game 80 Days “set an exciting bar for what mainstream interactive fiction could look like... without sacrificing sophistication and depth for accessibility”. The New York Times cited it an example of successful interactive storytelling while The Telegraph called it “one of the best branching narratives ever created” and “one of the best books of 2014”. Pendragon, a “narrative roguelike” game based on Arthurian legend, was released in fall '20, and PC Gamer considered the game to be “an accessible strategy game tied to a powerful, dynamic story generator”, giving it a 78% score. Overboard!, a 'replayable detective game' where the player is the culprit, was released in 2021, and received a 5-star rating from AdventureGamers.com. It also earned a BAFTA nomination and an Apple Design award. Inkle subsequently announced the development of A Highland Song, a 'rhythm survival story' that retained narrative elements but departed further from their text-based roots. Authoring tools In 2012, Inkle created inklewriter, an online tool for creating interactive fic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20in%20Fighting%20Network%20Rings
The year 2006 is the 12th year in the history of Fighting Network Rings, a mixed martial arts promotion based in Japan. In 2006 Fighting Network Rings held 3 events beginning with, Rings: Road to Japan. Events list Rings: Road to Japan Rings: Road to Japan was an event held on March 26, 2006 in Holland. Results Rings Lithuania: Lekeciai 500 Rings Lithuania: Lekeciai 500 was an event held on August 13, 2006 in Lekeciai, Marijampole County, Lithuania. Results Rings: Holland Rings: Holland was an event held on November 19, 2006 in Enschede, Holland. Results See also List of Fighting Network Rings events References Fighting Network Rings events 2006 in mixed martial arts
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Era
Computer Era is an extended play by American hip hop artist Astro. The EP was released on December 2, 2014, by Grade A Tribe Records. The EP was supported by the lead single "Champion" Release and promotion Astro premiered "Champion" on BET's 106 & Park on December 2. Track listing References 2014 EPs Astro (rapper) albums
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robust%20collaborative%20filtering
Robust collaborative filtering, or attack-resistant collaborative filtering, refers to algorithms or techniques that aim to make collaborative filtering more robust against efforts of manipulation, while hopefully maintaining recommendation quality. In general, these efforts of manipulation usually refer to shilling attacks, also called profile injection attacks. Collaborative filtering predicts a user's rating to items by finding similar users and looking at their ratings, and because it is possible to create nearly indefinite copies of user profiles in an online system, collaborative filtering becomes vulnerable when multiple copies of fake profiles are introduced to the system. There are several different approaches suggested to improve robustness of both model-based and memory-based collaborative filtering. However, robust collaborative filtering techniques are still an active research field, and major applications of them are yet to come. Introduction One of the biggest challenges to collaborative filtering is shilling attacks. That is, malicious users or a competitor may deliberately inject certain number of fake profiles to the system (typically 1~5%) in such a way that they can affect the recommendation quality or even bias the predicted ratings on behalf of their advantages. Some of the main shilling attack strategies are random attacks, average attacks, bandwagon attacks, and segment-focused attacks. Random attacks insert profiles that give random ratings to a subset of items; average attacks give mean rating of each item. Bandwagon and segment-focused attacks are newer and more sophisticated attack model. Bandwagon attack profiles give random rating to a subset of items and maximum rating to very popular items, in an effort to increase the chances that these fake profiles have many neighbors. Segment-focused attack is similar to bandwagon attack model, but it gives maximum rating to items that are expected to be highly rated by target user group, instead of frequently rated. In general, item-based collaborative filtering is known to be more robust than user-based collaborative filtering. However, item-based collaborative filtering are still not completely immune to bandwagon and segment attacks. Robust collaborative filtering typically works as follows: Build spam user detection model Follow the workflow of regular collaborative filtering system, but only using rating data of non-spam users. User relationships This is a detection method suggested by Gao et al. to make memory-based collaborative filtering more robust. Some popular metrics used in collaborative filtering to measure user similarity are Pearson correlation coefficient, interest similarity, and cosine distance. (refer to Memory-based CF for definitions) A recommender system can detect attacks by exploiting the fact that the distributions of these metrics differ when there are spam users in the system. Because shilling attacks inject not just single fake profile bu
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Betz
Jonathan Betz is an American journalist and anchorman for China Global Television Network. He began his television career at WWL-TV in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he rode out Hurricane Katrina from inside the city. For weeks, he remained in New Orleans and was one of the few local reporters to extensively cover the storm. He later moved on to WFAA-TV in Dallas, Texas, where he was a reporter and fill in anchor. Betz was brought on at Al Jazeera America at the launch of the network. Betz is the weekend evening news anchor for the channel and a weekday fill in anchor. He also does reporting in the field. Since 2017, Betz moved on to CGTN in Beijing, hosting the evening (GMT+8) news programs including The World Today and The Link. Biography On July 11, 2013 The Huffington Post reported that Betz was among the first anchors hired by Al Jazeera America. Prior to joining Al Jazeera America, the Richardson High School graduate spent five years reporting in his hometown at WFAA-TV, where he covered the West plant explosion, the Ft Hood Shooting and the Joplin tornado. He's the recipient of two regional Emmy awards for overall excellence and for his coverage of devastating wildfires in 2011. In 2012, Betz returned to New Orleans to cover Hurricane Isaac. He was one of the first reporters in the flood zone - arriving before the National Guard in Plaquemines Parish. Betz was also acknowledged for his live tweeting during the storm. His dispatches were among the first from the impacted areas, showing the scale of devastation and the rescues. Many of his images were picked up by media outlets all over the world. Awards While in New Orleans he won an Alfred I. duPont Award and a George Foster Peabody Award with the rest of the team for their coverage of Hurricane Katrina. He was the only reporter in the country to deliver live reports from the lower 9th ward during the hurricane. References External links Jonathan Betz on Twitter Jonathan Betz on Facebook Living people Mass media people from Dallas Al Jazeera people American male journalists Journalists from Texas Year of birth missing (living people) Richardson High School alumni
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurea%20ragusina
Centaurea ragusina is a species of Centaurea found in Croatia. References External links Centuraea ragusina Flora Croatica Database ragusina Endemic flora of Croatia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressways%20of%20Pakistan
Expressways of Pakistan () are a network of multiple-lane, high-speed toll highways in Pakistan, which are owned, maintained and operated by various levels of government. All federal expressways are controlled by the National Highway Authority, while others are provincially and municipally controlled. Expressways are usually higher grades than national highways, but differ from motorways by having fewer access restrictions. All federal expressways are pre-fixed with the letter 'E' (for "expressway") followed by the unique numerical designation of the specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle). List of federal expressways List of provincial expressways Swat Expressway (Fatehpur, Swat and Nowshera) List of municipal expressways Lyari Expressway (Karachi) Gwadar East Bay Expressway Faisalabad Canal Expressway Malir Expressway Mauripur Expressway Lai Expressway (Islamabad and Rawalpindi) Lahore Ring Road Map See also National Highways of Pakistan Motorways of Pakistan Speed limits in Pakistan Transport in Pakistan References External links National Highway Authority Pakistan National Highways & Motorway Police Expressways
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Bare%20Bears
We Bare Bears is an American animated sitcom created by Daniel Chong for Cartoon Network. The show follows Three Bear brothers Grizzly, Panda, and Ice Bear, and their awkward attempts at integrating with the human world in the San Francisco Bay Area. The series was based on Chong's webcomic The Three Bare Bears, and the pilot episode made its world premiere at the KLIK! Amsterdam Animation Festival, where it won in the "Young Amsterdam Audience" category. The show premiered on July 27, 2015, and ended on May 27, 2019, and ran for four seasons and 140 episodes. A film adaptation, We Bare Bears: The Movie was released digitally on June 30, 2020, and later aired on Cartoon Network on September 7, 2020; it served as a conclusion to the narrative of the series. A spin-off prequel series titled We Baby Bears focuses on the Three Bears when they were cubs. It was announced in May 2019 to be in development and premiered on January 1, 2022. Plot We Bare Bears follows Three anthropomorphic adoptive brother Bears: Grizzly (Eric Edelstein), Panda (Bobby Moynihan), and Ice Bear (Demetri Martin). The Bears attempt to integrate with human society, such as by purchasing food, making human companions, or trying to become famous on the Internet, although these attempts see the Bears struggle to do so due to the civilized nature of humans and their own animal instincts. However, in the end, they figure out that they have each other for support. The Bears often form a "bear stack", which they use to get around the city, and has become perhaps the most recognizable image from the show. Occasionally, the Bears share adventures with their friends, such as child prodigy Chloe Park (Charlyne Yi), bigfoot Charlie (Jason Lee), the bears' rival and internet sensation koala Nom Nom (Patton Oswalt), park ranger Tabes (Cameron Esposito), and produce saleswoman Lucy (Ellie Kemper). Some flashback episodes chronicle the adventures of the Bears as cubs trying to find a home. Production The show was created by cartoonist Daniel Chong, who had previously worked as a story artist for Pixar and Illumination Entertainment. The show is based on his webcomic The Three Bare Bears, which features the same characters. This webcomic was uploaded online from 2010 to 2011, running for ten strips. Chong has said he first drew the Bears, including drawing them in a stack, in an attempt to make his girlfriend's niece laugh. Chong also said that, after a different pilot he was working on did not get picked up, he wanted to pitch something else, "and this was just the closest thing near me!" Chong said that doing the comic helped a lot with the show, especially in providing the dynamic between the three main characters, though the characters have also evolved a lot from the comic. Billed as a comedy, the show is a production of Cartoon Network Studios, which developed the program with Chong as part of their shorts development program. It was announced during the network's 2014 upfront. Acc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Race%20for%20Life
A Race for Life is a 1928 American silent drama film directed by D. Ross Lederman. Originally, the film was presumed to be lost. However, according to the Library of Congress Database, the film was found in the Netherlands. The film was released with a Vitaphone soundtrack with a synchronised musical score and sound effects. Cast Rin Tin Tin as Rinty, a dog Virginia Brown Faire as Virginia Calhoun Carroll Nye as Robert Hammond Robert Gordon as Danny O'Shea (as Bobby Gordon) Jim Mason as Bruce Morgan (as James Mason) Pat Hartigan as Tramp Box office According to Warner Bros.' records the film earned $168,000 domestically and $75,000 foreign. Preservation status A print is preserved at Filmmuseum in the Netherlands, at the EYE Film Institute. See also List of early sound feature films (1926–1929) References External links 1928 films 1928 drama films 1920s rediscovered films American horse racing films Silent American drama films American silent feature films 1920s English-language films American black-and-white films Films directed by D. Ross Lederman Rin Tin Tin Rediscovered American films 1920s American films
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flyway%20%28software%29
Flyway is an open-source database-migration tool. Concept Flyway is based around seven basic commands: Migrate, Clean, Info, Validate, Undo, Baseline, and Repair. Migrations can be written in SQL (database-specific syntax such as PL/SQL, T-SQL, etc is supported) or Java (for advanced data transformations or dealing with LOBs). It has a command-line client, a Java API (also works on Android) for migrating the database on application startup, a Maven plugin, and a Gradle plugin. Plugins are available for Spring Boot, Dropwizard, Grails, Play, SBT, Ant, Griffon, Grunt, Ninja, and more. Supported databases include Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, MySQL (including Amazon RDS, Aurora MySQL, MariaDB), Percona XtraDB, PostgreSQL (including Amazon RDS and Heroku), Aurora PostgreSQL, YugabyteDB, CockroachDB, Redshift, Informix, H2, Hsql, Derby, SQLite, SAP HANA, Sybase ASE, Phoenix, and Firebird. Adoption Flyway received 11,500,000 downloads in 2018. In January 2015, Flyway was placed in the "Adopt" section of the Thoughtworks Technology Radar. In July 2019, Flyway was acquired by Redgate. Related tools Liquibase References External links Flyway Home Database administration tools Java platform Agile software development Software using the Apache license
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Idolmaster%20Cinderella%20Girls
is a Japanese free-to-play simulation video game co-developed by Cygames and Bandai Namco Studios for the Mobage social network platform for mobile phones. It was first released on November 28, 2011, for feature phones, and compatibility was extended to iOS and Android devices on December 16, 2011. The game is based on The Idolmaster franchise, and features a cast of new idol characters. In September 2015, a music video game developed by Cygames titled The Idolmaster Cinderella Girls: Starlight Stage was released on the Google Play Store and Apple Store in Japan. The original game ended service on March 30, 2023, and was succeeded by its spinoff game and adaptations. The story in Cinderella Girls follows the career of a producer in charge of leading and training prospective pop idols to stardom. Its gameplay follows a digital collectible card game format in which each idol is represented as a card, which the player may use to form a unit of idols to train in lessons, take to jobs, and compete against opponents. Cinderella Girls has made transitions to other media. An anime television series adaptation produced by A-1 Pictures aired in Japan between January 10 and October 17, 2015, and was simulcast by Daisuki. It was followed by a 3-minute short chibi slice of life anime series produced by Gathering that has been running since 2017. Various manga series, three sets of manga anthologies, two Internet radio talk shows featuring the series' voice actresses, image song singles and albums, and live concerts have also been produced. Premise The game and series takes place at the 346 Pro talent agency, where a producer is raising a group of idols to stardom in what is known as "The Cinderella Project". The anime follows three such girls, Rin Shibuya, Uzuki Shimamura, and Mio Honda, along with their fellow idols, as they become part of the Cinderella Project. Gameplay Cinderella Girls is a free-to-play, simulation social network game based on The Idolmaster franchise. Like its forerunners The Idolmaster and The Idolmaster 2, the player assumes the role of a talent producer who is in charge of training prospective pop idols on their way to stardom. Idols are represented in the game as collectible cards divided into three categories: cute, cool, and passion. The player begins by choosing one of the three categories, and they will then receive an idol belonging to the category. Each idol has several statistics points that influence gameplay: attack, defense, cost, and affection rate; each idol is also designated one of three rarities: normal, rare, or S rare, all of which also have a "plus" variant. There are several activities which the player may take their idols to participate in, such as work, live battles, and lessons. Work are jobs that the producer and idols can take in different regions of Japan. During a job, the player earns in-game money and fans, receives new idols or costumes, and may also increase an idol's affection rate. As work progre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20Radio%20Network
A community radio network is any network of radio stations set up to serve local communities. Community Radio Network may refer specifically to: Community Radio Network (Australia), a satellite program feed managed by the Community Broadcasting Association of Australia The Community Broadcasting Association of Australia, a group of community access radio stations in Australia Community Radio Network (New Zealand), a former network of New Zealand radio stations owned by New Zealand Media and Entertainment The Association of Community Access Broadcasters, a group of community access radio stations in New Zealand In the UK there is the UK Community Radio Network, a group of Ofcom licensed Community Radio Stations that represents, supports and develop the sector, they work in partnership with the Welsh Community Radio Network
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Voice%20Technologies
One Voice Technologies was an Artificial Intelligence (AI) based Natural Language Processing (NLP) company founded in 1998 and based in San Diego, CA. One Voice was the developer of IVAN (Intelligent Voice Animated Navigator), an intelligent personal assistant, which commercially launched in 1999 (see Forbes article November, 1999). Some of the customers for One Voice Technologies are Telefonos de Mexico, S.A.B. de C.V. (TELMEX), Intel Corporation, the Government of India, Fry's Electronics, Inland Cellular, and Nex-Tec Wireless. One Voice launched several intelligent voice based solutions for the PC, telecom, embedded and home control sectors. One Voice's patent portfolio for natural language processing has been referenced by Google, Microsoft and IBM among others. In 2010, One Voice's patent portfolio was acquired by Apple, Inc. Intelligent Personal Assistant One Voice is credited for launching the software industry's first Intelligent Personal Assistant (IPA) in 1999 when they officially released IVAN. IVAN was an AI based personal assistant that allowed users to use conversational voice to find information on the Internet, including weather, news, sports scores, financial information and to purchase items from online retailers. IVAN was the predecessor to several of today's IPA's, including Siri, Amazon Echo, Google Now and Cortana. One Voice's patent portfolio, which powered IVAN, was acquired by Apple in 2010, prior to Apple's launch of Siri and is referenced in patents ranging from Google, Microsoft, IBM, Nuance and Stanford University. In November 1999, One Voice launched IVAN at Startup Alley in COMDEX/99. "Imagine the possibilities of taking visual Web content and creating a talking, interactive experience for millions of Internet users worldwide. The possibilities for enhancing e-commerce and the Web experience are tremendous," explained Dean Weber, One Voice's chairman and chief executive officer, at the company's booth at the opening of COMDEX/Fall 99. "IVAN and VoiceSite will humanize the entire computer and Internet experience." - November 15, 1999. Voice Commerce (vCommerce) One Voice was an early pioneer in the field of Voice Commerce launching services with major online retail brands, including Autobytel.com, FTD.com and Monster.com Utilizing One Voice's platform, retailers can create dynamic voice conversations with users to help find products easier with conversational voice input. By browsing to a site, users can engage in a voice conversation and ask questions, such as, "I want to order flowers for Mother's Day" or "I'm looking to buy a used Mustang convertible". One Voice launched Voicesite, its Voice Commerce platform in 2001. Voice Gaming In 2002, One Voice was selected by Warner Home Video to create the movie industry's first voice interactive DVD special features for worldwide distribution on all Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone. Subsequently, in "One Voice is a groundbreaking technology that give
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Mobile%20Systems
Universal Mobile Systems is an Uzbek-Russian telecommunications company, which provides mobile network to Republic of Uzbekistan. Universal Mobile Systems was early MTS (Mobile TeleSystems GEET, rus. Мобильные ТелеСистемы), until summer of 2012, when law enforcement authorities of Uzbekistan suspected top management operator of embezzlement and tax evasion. According to the settlement agreement, MTS has a stake in 50.01% of the share capital of UMS, the remaining share is transferred to the Republican State Unitary Enterprise "Center for radio broadcasting and television", which is administered by the State Committee of communication of Uzbekistan. The joint venture will work on infrastructure Uzdunorbita - former subsidiary of MTS in the country. In 2019, UMS was rebranded as Mobiuz. Awards September 29, 2018 — awarded for the best stand design at ICT Expo-2018. September 23, 2017 - Awarded for the best information support of the stand at ICT Expo-2017. See also MTS (network provider) Internet in Uzbekistan References Uzbekistan communications-related lists Companies based in Tashkent Telecommunications companies of Uzbekistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bharat%20Bill%20Payment%20System
Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) is an integrated bill payment system in India offering interoperable and accessible bill payment service to customers through a network of agents of registered member as Agent Institutions (AI), enabling multiple payment modes, and providing instant confirmation of payment. National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) functions as the authorised Bharat Bill Payment Central Unit (BBPCU), which will be responsible for setting business standards, rules and procedures for technical and business requirements for all the participants. NPCI, as the BBPCU, will also undertake clearing and settlement activities related to transactions routed through BBPS. Existing bill aggregators and banks are envisaged to work as Operating Units to provide an interoperable bill payment system, irrespective of which unit has on-boarded a particular biller. Payments may be made through the BBPS using cash, transfer cheques, and electronic modes. BBPS has also been integrated with the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) for Easy, Safe & Instant Payments through UPI enabled Smartphones. Background The Committee headed by RBI Executive Director G. Padmanabhan was set up in 2013 to study the feasibility of implementation of Giro based Payment Systems. It had estimated that over 30,800 million bills amounting to ₹6223 billion are generated each year in the top 20 cities in the country. It was felt that an integrated bill payment system is required in the country that could offer interoperable and accessible bill payment services to customers through a network of agents, allow multiple payment modes, and provide instant confirmation of payment. This should also serve as an efficient, cost-effective alternative to the existing systems and enhance consumer confidence and experience. On 6 August 2022, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) allowed BBPS cross border inward billing facility for Non-resident Indians. NRIs can now directly pay utility bills, education fees, municipal tax and insurance-related payments without the need of sending money first to a resident Indian bank account. The facility became active from 13 September 2022. On September 20, RBI governor Shaktikanta Das officially launched Bharat BillPay Cross-Border Bill Payments at Global Fintech Fest 2022. Unified Presentment Management System NPCI on 4 January 2022 launched Unified Presentment Management System (UPMS) for recurring payment. Customers can set up standing instructions for any mode of payment. The payment will be done automatically in terms of auto-debit and bill payment management. UPMS will help in payment of mutual funds, insurance, subscriptions, school fee payments etc. See also India Stack Aadhar Indian passport Immediate Payment Service Merchant account National Payments Corporation of India Permanent account number Indian ration card RuPay Unified Payments Interface References Banking in India Payment systems Payment and settlement systems in India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20Robotics
Zero Robotics is an international high school programming competition where students control robotic SPHERES (Synchronised Position Hold Engage and Reorient Experimental Satellites) aboard the International Space Station. Each year teams of students work to produce code capable of performing in a game that can be deployed on the SPHERES. This game generally contains elements such as docking with objects, moving objects, and destroying targets within a bounded area while monitoring fuel usage. Initial stages of the competition occur online (with virtual SPHERES) with free team registration in the United States, Australia and for ESA member countries and limited registration for international teams. Teams are traditionally monitored by adult mentors and code submitted through the MIT website. Finalists compete in a live championship aboard the ISS. An astronaut conducts the final competition while communicating to teams through a live feed. History The Zero Robotics competition was created by NASA Astronaut Gregory Chamitoff when he was working with the SPHERES and realised that the coding interface would be suitable for high school students. Drawing inspiration from FIRST Robotics, Zero Robotics became a competition that emphasised building science, technology, engineering, and maths skills with a component of cooperation between schools and nations. Its inaugural competition was held in 2009, expansion to the entire US in 2010 and internationally in 2013. It currently includes schools from the US, Russia, ESA affiliated states and Australia. Tournaments The Zero Robotics competition is divided into two types of tournaments. High School Tournament: Among students aged between 14 and 18 years. The tournament takes place between September and December each year. This is an international event open to teams from the USA, Australia, Russia, ESA member states and select international teams. Middle School Summer Program. This is dedicated to younger students. It is a five-week program in which students learn to program through a simplified graphical interface. The program will take place in locations "to be determined" based on where there is a strong geographic presence of the team members. Additionally some countries, notably Australia and Italy, choose to hold preliminary competitions to fit better into the school year and/or filter the schools going onto the International Competition. Objectives of tournaments Participants compete together to win a technically challenging game, motivated by a problem of current interest to DARPA, NASA and MIT. Depending on the challenge, students must program their satellites to complete certain objectives (to avoid obstacles, collect virtual objects, destroy targets, etc.) while preserving the primary resources (fuel, energy charges, etc.) and complete the challenge within certain limits of time and space for writing code. The student's software must be able to control factors such as the speed of the
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QDR
QDR may refer to: Science and technology QDR, a Q code request for heading (bearing) Quad data rate, a communication signaling technique InfiniBand, a computer network communications link used in high-performance computing Quad Data Rate SRAM, a type of computer memory that transfers data using QDR Other uses Quadrennial Defense Review, a former four-yearly review of US military objectives Qatar Domain Registry, the operator of the .qa ccTLD WQDR-FM, a US radio station Queda de Rins (literally "fall on the kidneys"), in the list of capoeira techniques See also Qualified domestic relations order (QDRO), a judicial order in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20for%20the%20Study%20of%20the%20Native%20Land
Society for the study of the native land (; ) is an association of ethnographers of Chuvashia to study the local region. The Company distributes scientific data on native land, introduces the population of the republic with the life and culture of the peoples of the country. Structure and composition In the society functioned sections: natural-historical, historical, archaeological, ethnographic, socio-political, artistic and literature, scientific and educational, organizational and instructors, information, since 1925 – a constitutional section. In the first year in the community was 51 members., In 1924 – 90, in 1926 – 155, including academicians, professors, researchers – 27 secondary school teachers – 24, agronomists – 16, doctors – 6, writers – 6 artists – 6 students – 27, and the rest – civil servants. In the company's assets consisted of Studies of the local history enthusiasts K.V. Elli, D.S. Elmen, N.I. Vanerkke, I.K. Lukyanov, D. Petrov, F. Pavlov. History Society was created February 12, 1921 in Cheboksary in the Chuvash National Museum. The company's charter was approved by the regional executive committee of the Chuvash April 16, 1921, the Board elected the following day. Local historians were accounting and recording of archaeological monuments, the collection of archaeological objects for museums (A.V. Vasilyev, K.V. Elle et al.). Occasionally they conducted exploration and excavation. AP Milli (Procopius) identify and examine the gravestones with Arabic inscriptions; KV Ella examined objects of antiquity, as well as spent excavations at the site finds Tihomirovskogo Juchi treasure coins (1928). In Proceedings of the Society for the Study of local lore were printed books VF Smolin "Abashevo burial in the Chuvash Republic" (1928), reports PP Efimenko and articles on archeology Chuvashia. K.V. Ella and N.A. Archangel at the end of the 1920s. prepared a handwritten set of archaeological and ethnographic objects "Toponyms of Chuvashia. Antiquities Chuvash ASSR. "In 1930 P.N. Tretyakov continued work Srednevolzhskaya GAIMK expedition began studying monuments Fatyanovo (Balanovskaya) culture in Chuvashia (Atlikasinsky burial mound). In the 1930s, active members of society were accused of bourgeois nationalism and repressed, after that the society ceased to exist. Society was recreated in 1991. Literature Иванов, В. Краеведсем пухӑнса калаҫрӗҫ / В. Иванов // Хыпар. – 2000. – March, 31. Казаков, Н. Чӑваш наци музейне тата таврапӗлӗҫисен пӗрлешӗвне – 75 ҫул / Н. Казаков // Канаш (Ульяновск обл.). – 1996. – July, 27. Прокопьева, Р. Ват ҫын – тӑват ҫын, ҫавӑнпа та эп типмерӗм – тымар ятӑм / Р. Прокопьева // Хыпар. – 2000. – April, 4. Савельев, Г. Краевед вӑл – патриот, агитатор, журналист / Г. Савельев // Ленин ҫулӗпе (Элӗк р–нӗ). – 1996. – May, 7. Станьял, В. Таврапӗлӗҫисен ӑраскалӗ / В. Станьял // Ялав. – 1994. – No. 10. – С. 22–24. Живем судьбой и памятью народа. Отчетный доклад Председателя Союза чувашских краеве
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20road%2039%20%28Poland%29
National Road 39 () is a route belonging to the Polish national roads network. It runs through Łagiewniki in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship into the Opole Voivodeship where it leads to Brzeg and joins the National Road 11 in Kępno in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Important settlements along the National Road 39 Łagiewniki Strzelin Wiązów Brzeg Namysłów Kamienna Baranów Kępno Route plan References 39
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery%20Civilization%20%28Latin%20American%20TV%20channel%29
Discovery Civilization was a Latin American pay television channel dedicated to civilization-themed programming, owned by Warner Bros. Discovery. External links Official website Warner Bros. Discovery networks Warner Bros. Discovery Americas Defunct television channels Television channels and stations established in 2005 Defunct television channels and networks in Venezuela Defunct television channels in Brazil Television channels and stations disestablished in 2022
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20road%209%20%28Poland%29
National Road 9 () a route belonging to the Polish national roads network. It runs from Radom, to Rzeszów. The route is part of the international European route E371. In Radom the road shares a part with the National Road 12, and in Opatów with the National Road 74. It is the only one-digit numbered national road for which there are no plans to build an expressway or motorway. Before 2014, road 9 continued from Rzeszów to the Slovak border in Barwinek. This section is now part of road 19. Important settlements along the National Road 9 Radom Skaryszew Iłża Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski Opatów Klimontów Łoniów Tarnobrzeg Nowa Dęba Majdan Królewski Cmolas Kolbuszowa Głogów Małopolski Rzeszów Route plan References 09
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Wilson%20Moore
John Wilson Moore (November 1, 1920 – March 30, 2019) was an American biophysicist who pioneered the emergent power of computers, beginning in the 1950s, to reveal how signals are generated, integrated, and then travel in neurons. He is well known for his discovery (with Toshio Narahashi), that the puffer fish toxin tetrodotoxin causes death by blocking the sodium ion channels that are responsible for nerve activity. Moore was emeritus professor of Neurobiology at Duke University Medical School where he had been a member of the faculty since 1961. Moore's NEURON simulator software, begun with and now carried forward by Michael Hines, is used worldwide. Moore received the Cole Award of the Biophysical Society in 1981. Early life and education Moore was born in November 1920 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where his father was superintendent of the Winston-Salem public schools. He studied physics at Davidson College and entered a graduate program in physics at the University of Virginia in 1941. The day after Pearl Harbor he suddenly discovered he had been working on the project of developing a centrifuge to separate isotopes of uranium for the Manhattan Project. A second war project assignment, making an automated director for ships' guns using radar, awakened his interest in feedback systems that ultimately shaped his professional undertakings. Career Using the voltage clamp to discover the action of neurotoxins His first appointment was at RCA where he was heavily influenced by Art Vance, who among other inventions designed the operational amplifier that Moore later introduced into neurophysiology equipment. As his interests began to turn towards applying physics to biological problems, he joined the faculty at the Medical College of Virginia, and then the lab of Kenneth Stewart Cole, at the Naval Medical Research Institute and later the NIH. Moore became one of the earliest adopters of the voltage clamp technique, which Cole had invented and had shown to Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley who had used it to solve the problem of the action potential. Moving to Duke in 1961, Moore improved the voltage clamp, attracting collaborators from different universities and countries who brought him neurotoxins such as tetrodotoxin and red tide toxin to test on nerve axons. Much of this work was carried out on squid giant axons at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA, where he spent summers until his death. Bringing the power of computers into neurobiology In the 1980s Moore turned his attention to using the evolving power of computers for two big problems: simulating experimental results, and predicting how action potentials travel in neurons of complex geometry. He hired Michael Hines, a mathematician, to collaborate in developing a neuronal simulator they named NEURON. Using NEURON he pioneered the concept of working back and forth between simulations and actual experiments, using simulations to predict the outcome of experiments on
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient%20record%20access%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom
Patient record access in the United Kingdom has developed most fully in respect of the GP record, because computerisation in that field is almost universal. British hospitals were slower to move into electronic records. From 1 April 2015 all GP practices in England have to provide online services to patients, including access to summary electronic medical records. Legislation The Access to Medical Reports Act 1988 gave patients the right to see any medical report relating to them "which is to be, or has been, supplied by a medical practitioner for employment purposes or insurance purposes". The Access to Health Records Act 1990 gave them the right to inspect their own records. The Data Protection Act 1998 and the Data Protection Act 2018 apply to medical records as to other records. Only 3% of GPs in England offered online record access in October 2014 to patients although all of them were expected to by April 2015. EMIS said that the numbers of practices providing patients with online access to their records ‘shot up’ after it allowed GPs to tailor the parts of the record that patients can see. GPs are required from 2015 only to offer patients online access to the medication, allergies and adverse reactions in their summary care record, not to the complete record. Jeremy Hunt announced in September 2015 that all patients will be entitled to read and write to all their NHS health records online by 2018. Development Failures to link up medical records held by hospitals and those kept by their family doctors put patient's lives at risk, according to Prof Steve Field of the Care Quality Commission. He says this could be tackled by giving patients access to their own records – a system pioneered, in an attempt to restore patient confidence, by Dr Amir Hannan. Hannan faced a difficult problem when he took over the GP practice formerly held by Dr Harold Shipman, who had murdered several hundred patients. “It was very difficult to recruit to Shipman’s practice because of [the lack of] trust locally. But Amir said, ‘Right from the start I will share everything with my patients, and gave them access to all their own records." "He's got examples of patients being admitted to hospital where they have had to show the consultants their record which may have saved their lives. It's policy to try and make it happen. But it's not moving quickly enough.” 150 patients at the practice were given access to their medical records and test results over the internet in 2007 using a system run by Emis. They could go online to order prescriptions, communicate with their GP or even to print off their medical records to take to appointments with hospital consultants. As of October 2014 the practice had enabled over 3,200 patients - 28% of its total patient population - to have electronic access to their GP record. This level of access has been shown to cut down on appointments by as much as 12% and the number of phone calls made to practices. Ingrid Brindle, a p
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20road%206%20%28Poland%29
National Road 6 (, abbreviated DK 6) is a route belonging to the Polish national roads network. The route is in the north of Poland and runs from the German border, in Kołbaskowo-Nadrensee, to Łęgowo for 351 km. The route runs through the West Pomeranian Voivodeship and the Pomeranian Voivodeship; it is important for transportation between the two largest agglomerations in northern Poland, Szczecin and the Tricity. The National Road 6 runs from Kołbaskowo and ends in Łęgowo, near Pruszcz Gdański, on the roundabout with the National Road 91. A6 motorway The route Kołbaskowo - Kijewo - Dąbie has the status of the A6 motorway. A part of the route Dąbie - Rzęśnica is also labelled as a motorway. Expressway S6 A part of the route on the northern bypass, Southern Słupsk Bypass and the western part of the Tricity Beltway, Rzęśnica - Goleniów, the road has the status of an expressway. The Tricity Beltway and the southern Słupsk bypass is presented as the S6 Expressway, with the Rzęśnica–Goleniów route being part of the National Road 3 and S3 Expressway. Important settlements along the National Road 6 Szczecin Goleniów Płoty Karlino Koszalin Sianów Sławno Słupsk Lębork Wejherowo Reda Rumia Gdynia Gdańsk Pruszcz Gdański Rusocin References 06
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20Sunday%20Night
Fox Sunday Night is the former branding of the Sunday night primetime lineup on the Fox network, which featured a mix of animated and live-action series. It ran between stints of Animation Domination. History Sunday Funday (2014–17) The Sunday Funday block was created to replace Fox's Animation Domination block, acknowledging that the Sunday primetime schedule was no longer fully made up of animated shows. The block's final show was American Dad!, of which was the final episode to air on Fox before moving to TBS on September 21, 2014. The initial lineup incorporated the remaining animated series from Animation Domination (including The Simpsons, Family Guy, and Bob's Burgers) with the addition of Brooklyn Nine-Nine, which previously aired on Tuesday nights, and the new sitcom, Mulaney. This marks the first time that Fox had regularly aired first-run live-action comedies on Sundays since 2005. Mulaney was cancelled in February 2015 and was replaced by mid-season replacement The Last Man on Earth. On January 3, 2016, Brooklyn Nine-Nine was dropped from the Sunday Funday block and moved back to its original Tuesday night slot. The Last Man on Earth would then go on hiatus. In their place, new series Bordertown and Cooper Barrett's Guide to Surviving Life took their slots. Ultimately, both series were cancelled after one season. On September 25, 2016, Son of Zorn premiered at 8:30pm. The series would be replaced by Making History on March 5, 2017. Both series would also be cancelled after one season. As "Fox Sunday Night" (2017–19) Beginning with the 2017/18 season, the Sunday Funday block was dropped. Hereafter, the Sunday night lineup was simply referred to as "Fox Sunday". Ghosted premiered on October 1, 2017, but was cancelled after one season. On May 10, 2018, The Last Man on Earth was cancelled. The following day, Brooklyn Nine-Nine was picked up by NBC. For the 2018/19 season, Rel premiered as a sneak preview on September 9, 2018. The series would also be cancelled after one season. A new season of Cosmos was set to premiere in the Spring, but was pulled. Reruns of Last Man Standing, began airing in the 7PM hour. Ahead of the 2019/20 season, Fox began promoting the return of the Animation Domination block, with new show Bless the Harts debuting that Fall. Shows Schedules All times are in (ET/PT). 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 See also List of programs broadcast by Fox Animation on Fox Animation Domination References 2014 introductions Fox Broadcasting Company Television programming blocks in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabernaemontana%20cuspidata
Tabernaemontana cuspidata is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae. It is found in northwestern South America. References cuspidata
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big4%20Holiday%20Parks
Big4 Holiday Parks (stylised as BIG4) is a network of holiday parks that are located throughout Australia. Parks offer various accommodation, including cabins, caravan and camping sites, and even glamping facilities. Big4 Holiday Parks is known for being family friendly. Many parks contain facilities that include jumping pillows, splash or water parks, mini golf facilities and swimming pools. The Wiggles wrote a song for Big4 as part of the companies’ major partnership. Big4's headquarters are located in Melbourne. History The company began in 1979 in the Victorian city of Ballarat, where four independent caravan park owners united to form the Big4 brand. As of 2021, Big4 has more than 180 holiday parks all over Australia, including in capital and major regional cities. In 2017, Big4 implemented a new business model and franchise arrangements. In 2020, one of Big4's founders, Desmond Watts, was recognised for his outstanding service to the tourism accommodation sector with a Medal of the Order of Australia (OAM). Accommodation types BIG4 parks offer a range of accommodation styles including cabins, caravan and RV sites, and camping spots. Some parks have also capitalised on the emerging glamping trend. The majority of the parks have pet-friendly accommodation and associated facilities. See also List of hotels List of motels References External links Hospitality companies of Australia Transport companies established in 1979 1979 establishments in Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AVFoundation
AVFoundation is a multimedia framework with APIs in Objective-C and Swift, which provides high-level services for working with time-based audiovisual media on Apple Darwin-based operating systems: iOS, macOS, tvOS, and watchOS. It was first introduced in iOS 4 and has seen significant changes in iOS 5 and iOS 6. Starting with Mac OS X Lion, it is now the default media framework for the macOS platform. AVKit As a component of AVFoundation, AVKit is an API that comes with OS X Mavericks 10.9+ and can be used with Xcode 5.0+ for developing media player software for Mac. The AVKit software framework is replacing QTKit which was deprecated in OS X Mavericks, and was discontinued with the release of macOS Catalina. See also QuickTime Media Foundation References External links Moving to AV Kit and AV Foundation presentation (video and slides) from WWDC 2013 at Apple Developer Moving to AV Kit and AV Foundation slides at Huihoo Foundation Documents Technical Note TN2300: Transitioning QTKit Code to AV Foundation at Apple Developer Archive Apple Inc. software Software frameworks MacOS APIs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Outlaw%20Deputy
The Outlaw Deputy is a 1935 American Western film, directed by Otto Brower. It stars Tim McCoy, Nora Lane, and Hooper Atchley. References External links The Outlaw Deputy at the Internet Movie Database 1935 films American Western (genre) films 1935 Western (genre) films Films directed by Otto Brower American black-and-white films 1930s American films 1930s English-language films
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shared%20register
In distributed computing, shared-memory systems and message-passing systems are two means of interprocess communication which have been heavily studied. In shared-memory systems, processes communicate by accessing shared data structures. A shared (read/write) register, sometimes just called a register, is a fundamental type of shared data structure which stores a value and has two operations: read, which returns the value stored in the register, and write, which updates the value stored. Other types of shared data structures include read–modify–write, test-and-set, compare-and-swap etc. The memory location which is concurrently accessed is sometimes called a register. Classification Registers can be classified according to the consistency condition they satisfy when accessed concurrently, the domain of possible values that can be stored, and how many processes can access with the read or write operation, which leads to in total 24 register types. When read and write happen concurrently, the value returned by read may not be uniquely determined. Lamport defined three types of registers: safe registers, regular registers and atomic registers. A read operation of a safe register can return any value if it is concurrent with a Write operation, and returns the value written by the most recent write operation if the read operation does not overlap with any write. A regular register differs from a safe register in that the read operation can return the value written by either the most recent completed Write operation or a Write operation it overlaps with. An atomic register satisfies the stronger condition of being linearizable. Registers can be characterized by how many processes can access with a read or write operation. A single-writer (SW) register can only be written by one process and a multiple-writer (MW) register can be written by multiple processes. Similarly single-reader (SR) register can only be read by one process and multiple-reader (MR) register can be read by multiple processes. For a SWSR register, it is not necessary that the writer process and the reader process are the same. Constructions The figure below illustrates the constructions stage by stage from the implementation of SWSR register in an asynchronous message-passing system to the implementation of MWMR register using a SW Snapshot object. This kind of construction is sometimes called simulation or emulation. In each stage (except Stage 3), the object type on the right can be implemented by the simpler object type on the left. The constructions of each stage (except Stage 3) are briefly presented below. There is an article which discusses the details of constructing snapshot objects. An implementation is linearizable if, for every execution there is a linearization ordering that satisfies the following two properties: if operations were done sequentially in order of their linearization, they would return the same result as in the concurrent execution. If operatio
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20102
Voivodeship Road 102 (, abbreviated DW 102) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. It runs through the north of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship leading from Misdroy, and into Kołobrzeg where it meets the National Road 11 and Voivodeship Road 163. Major cities and towns along the route Misdroy Wisełka Międzywodzie Dziwnów Dziwnówek Pobierowo Rewal Lędzin Trzebiatów Kołobrzeg References 102
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watershed%20Alliance%20of%20Marin
The Watershed Alliance of Marin is a 501(c)(3) non-profit network of organizations with a shared purpose of preserving the watersheds of Marin County, California. History It has made efforts to maintain coho salmon populations in the Lagunitas and Redwood creeks. In 2014, it reported that coho salmon had not returned to spawn at Redwood Creek. References External links Watershed Alliance of Marin website Watersheds of California Organizations based in Marin County, California Environment of the San Francisco Bay Area
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20103
Voivodeship road 103 (, abbreviated DW 103) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route runs in the north of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship for 36 km which links Kamień Pomorski with Trzebiatów. The route runs through two powiats (Gmina Kamień Pomorski and Gmina Świerzno. Major cities and towns along the route Kamień Pomorski Mokrawica Świerzno Ciećmierz Paprotno Cerkwica Chomętowo Trzebiatów Route plan References 103
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20105
Voivodeship road 105 (, abbreviated DW 105) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The road is located in the north of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship, its 40 km length links Świerzno with the National Road 6 near Rzesznikowo. The road runs through three powiats: Kamień County (Gmina Świerzno), Gryfice County (Gmina Gryfice and Gmina Brojce) and Kołobrzeg County (Gmina Rymań). Important settlements along the route Świerzno Gryfice Brojce Rzesznikowo Route plan References 104
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max/min%20CSP/Ones%20classification%20theorems
In computational complexity theory, a branch of computer science, the Max/min CSP/Ones classification theorems state necessary and sufficient conditions that determine the complexity classes of problems about satisfying a subset S of boolean relations. They are similar to Schaefer's dichotomy theorem, which classifies the complexity of satisfying finite sets of relations; however, the Max/min CSP/Ones classification theorems give information about the complexity of approximating an optimal solution to a problem defined by S. Given a set S of clauses, the Max constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) is to find the maximum number (in the weighted case: the maximal sum of weights) of satisfiable clauses in S. Similarly, the Min CSP problem is to minimize the number of unsatisfied clauses. The Max Ones problem is to maximize the number of boolean variables in S that are set to 1 under the restriction that all clauses are satisfied, and the Min Ones problem is to minimize this number. When using the classifications below, the problem's complexity class is determined by the topmost classification that it satisfies. Definitions We define for brevity some terms here, which are used in the classifications below. PO stands for Polynomial time optimizable; problems for which finding the optimum can be done in polynomial time, so that approximation to arbitrary precision can also clearly be done in polynomial time. Conjunctive normal form is abbreviated CNF below. X(N)OR-SAT stands for a satisfiability problem which is the AND of several boolean linear equations that can be written as XOR clauses. Exactly one literal in each XOR clause must be negated (e.g. ). See XOR-SAT. Min UnCut-complete refers to a complexity class historically defined in terms of a problem named Min UnCut. Such problems are APX-hard but with an factor approximation. Min 2CNF-Deletion-complete is another complexity class historically defined via a problem. Such problems are APX-hard but with an approximation. Nearest Codeword-complete is yet another such complexity class. Such problems are inapproximable to within a factor for some . Min Horn-Deletion-complete is yet another such complexity class. Such problems are inapproximable to within a factor for some , but are in Poly-APX, so they have some polynomial factor approximation. Classification theorems Max CSP The following conditions comprise the classification theorem for Max CSP problems. If setting all variables true or all variables false satisfies all clauses, it is in PO. If all clauses, when converted to disjunctive normal form, have two terms, one consisting of all positive (unnegated) variables and the other all negated variables, it is in PO. Otherwise, the problem is APX-complete. Max Ones The following conditions comprise the classification theorem for Max Ones problems. If setting all variables true satisfies all clauses, it is in PO. If each clause can be written as the CNF of Dual-Horn sub
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIETV
VIETV is an American Vietnamese-language broadcast television network based in Houston, Texas. The network began broadcasting over-the-air in Houston in 2011, and has since started affiliates broadcasting in Los Angeles, California, Orange County, California, San Francisco, California, San Jose, California, Dallas, Texas, Atlanta, Georgia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Boston, Massachusetts, and Washington, D.C. The Houston, Dallas, Los Angeles, and San Jose affiliates are also available in live streaming video on the Vietv.com website, and the network has created the UNO IP IPTV set-top box for viewing their content on televisions outside their broadcast area. VIETV has six studios, including their headquarters in Houston and locations in Southern California, Northern California, Boston, and Philadelphia. Original programming on VIETV includes the Evening NEWS and NEWS @ Nite programs, the It's Your Birthday children's show, Cooking with Chef Cam-Yuet, Beauty by Tiffani, World Travel, and The Law & Legal Issues, hosted by VIETV president Robert Pham. History VAN-TV 55.6 was the first Vietnamese language in Houston, established in May 2009 originally via KTBU subchannel 55.2. It then was sold in 2015 to VietV because the founders, Ban Vu and Bich Ngoc Nguyen (Vicky Vu) wanted to retire. Affiliates References Television networks in the United States Entertainment companies of the United States Companies based in Houston Companies established in 2011 Television stations in Los Angeles Television stations in Philadelphia Television stations in Texas Television stations in Houston Television stations in California Television stations in Boston Television stations in Washington, D.C. Vietnamese-language television networks in the United States 2011 establishments in the United States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AH63
Asian Highway 63 (AH63) is a road in the Asian Highway Network running 2500 km from Samara, Russia to G‘uzor, Uzbekistan connecting AH6 to AH62. The route is also numbered European route E121 and European route E40. The route is as follows: Russia : Samara - Bolshaya Chernigovka - border with Kazakhstan Kazakhstan : Pogodaevo - Oral : Oral - Atyrau : Atyrau - Dossor : Dossor - Beyneu : Beyneu - Akjikit Uzbekistan Karakalpakstan - Nukus - Bukhara - G‘uzor Asian Highway Network Roads in Uzbekistan Roads in Kazakhstan Roads in Russia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contextual%20searching
Contextual search is a form of optimizing web-based search results based on context provided by the user and the computer being used to enter the query. Contextual search services differ from current search engines based on traditional information retrieval that return lists of documents based on their relevance to the query. Rather, contextual search attempts to increase the precision of results based on how valuable they are to individual users. Basic contextual search The basic form of contextual search is the process of scanning the full-text of a query in order to understand what the user needs. Web search engines scan HTML pages for content and return an index rating based on how relevant the content is to the entered query. HTML pages that have a higher occurrence of query keywords within their content are not rated higher. Users have limited control over the context of their query based on the words they use to search with. For example, users looking for the menu portion of a website can add “menu” to the end of their query to provide the search engine with context of what they need. The next step in contextualizing search is for the search service itself to request information that narrows down the results, such as Google asking for a time range to search within. Explicitly supplied context Certain search services, including many Meta search engines, request individual contextual information from users to increase the precision of returned documents. Inquirus 2 is a Meta search engine that acts as a mediator between the user query and other search engines. When searching on Inquirus 2, users enter a query and specify constraints such as the information need category, maximum number of hits, and display formats. For example, a user looking for research papers can specify documents with “references” or “abstracts” to be rated higher. If another user is searching for general information on the topic rather than research papers, they can specify the GenScore attribute to have a heavier weight. Explicitly supplied context effectively increases the precision of results, however, these search services tend to suffer from poor user-experience. Learning the interface of programs like Inquirus can prove challenging for general users without knowledge of search metrics. Aspects of supplied context do appear on major search engines with better user-interaction such as Google and Bing. Google allows users to filter by type: Images, Maps, Shopping, News, Videos, Books, Flights, and Apps. Google has an extensive list of search operators that allow users to explicitly limit results to fit their needs such as restricting certain file types or removing certain words. Bing also uses a similar set of search operators to assist users in explicitly narrowing down the context of their queries. Bing allows users to search within a time range, by file type, by location, language, and more. Automatically inferred context There are other systems being deve
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20Weapon
Virtual Weapon (, also known as Cyberflic) is a 1997 Italian comedy-science fiction film, directed by Antonio Margheriti. Cast Terence Hill as Skims Marvin Hagler as Mike Giselle Blondet as Chelo Jennifer Martinez as Lily Tommy Lane as Shepard Richard Liberty as Captain Holmes References External links 1990s Italian-language films Films directed by Antonio Margheriti Italian science fiction comedy films Films about virtual reality Films about computing Films about telepresence Films about technological impact 1990s science fiction comedy films 1997 comedy films 1997 films 1990s Italian films
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petit%20Computer
Petit Computer is a software development application for the Nintendo DSi and later systems, developed by SmileBoom in Sapporo, Japan. The application is built around a custom dialect of BASIC known as SmileBASIC (not to be confused with the 3DS sequel with the same name). Users can write games and other software using the onscreen keyboard and run the applications from within Petit Computer. The platform supports text-based console applications, visual applications, and any combination of the two. Input is available via hardware buttons, touchscreen input, or the onscreen keyboard. In addition to the code editor and interpreter, Petit Computer includes a simple shell for file management, as well as file sharing functionality. Files can be shared by a direct wireless connection between two DS systems, or by the use of QR codes. The usage of QR codes enabled some users to develop desktop software that can be used to write SmileBASIC and generate a QR code for easy transfer to the DS. Petit Computer comes with several simple sample applications, 5 sample games, and several graphics-editing applications, all written in SmileBASIC with viewable source code. The latter applications can be used to create sprites, backgrounds, and other resources that can then be used within user-created software. Hundreds of premade sprites and tiles are included with Petit Computer. An extensive manual is available from within Petit that describes the basic features and limitations of SmileBASIC, as well as brief descriptions of most of the commands and their syntax. SmileBASIC language Petit Computer uses a customized dialect of BASIC known as SmileBASIC designed specifically for the DSi. Applications written in SmileBASIC can read input from all of the DS's hardware buttons except the Select button (which is always used to terminate the current application) as well as the touch screen, draw graphics and sprites to both screens, and play music written in Music Macro Language. Standard console commands are provided for reading, writing, and manipulating strings. An exhaustive set of graphical commands exists for displaying and manipulating sprites, background graphics, panels, and more, with support for layering, translation, rotation, scaling, palette swapping, and other features, on both screens (some features are limited on the touch screen). Up to 16 channels can be used to play simultaneous audio, with support for fully featured user-defined software instruments and sequenced music. Reception Nintendo Life gave the application 7/10 stars, praising its power and potential, but criticizing the presentation as tailored towards seasoned programmers, as well as the "tedious" method of entering code via the touch-screen keyboard. Peter Willington at PocketGamer said the interface "puts you off experimenting" due to the difficulties in entering and navigating text, and complained that error messages weren't useful, but described himself as "massively proud" of his
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BeIN%20Media%20Group
beIN Media Group (/ˈbiːɪn/; Arabic: مجموعة بي إن الإعلامية‎, Majmū‘at Bī’in al-I‘lāmiyyah) is a Qatari state-owned global sport and entertainment network headquartered in Doha, Qatar. beIN distributes entertainment, live sports action, and major international events across 5 continents, in 43 countries, and 7 different languages spanning Europe, North America, Asia, Australia and the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). History beIN Sports was first launched, as a brand, in June 2012 by Al Jazeera Media Network in France. On 1 January 2014, beIN Media Group was established and became the new independent holding company of beIN Sports. In October 2014, it was announced that beIN Media Group had agreed to acquire pay-TV sports channel Setanta Sports Australia, with Setanta being rebranded as beIN Sports Australia. In 2015, beIN Sports launched an HD channel specially dedicated to football in Spain. The group declared in November 2015 that it would be expanding from sports-only programming to include entertainment and movies as well. It was announced in January 2016 that beIN Media Group secured an agreement with Turner Broadcasting System, allowing it exclusive rights to broadcast a number of Turner-licensed entertainment and news channels across the Middle East and North Africa. beIN Media Group has since signed strategic partnerships with BBC Studios, Warner Bros., CBS, DreamWorks Animation, and Discovery. It was rumored in November 2015 that beIN Media Group were interested in purchasing Miramax. On 1 March 2016, beIN Media Group announced its full acquisition of Miramax from Filmyard Holdings. beIN announced they would sell at least 49% of the company in June 2019, with Viacom and Lionsgate as the front-liners. It was announced in August 2016 that beIN Media Group acquired Turkish pay TV service Digiturk. In November 2019, beIN Media acquired exclusive broadcast rights for the 2019 and 2020 FIFA Club World Cup. Following the Covid-19 crisis, BeIN is implementing a layoff plan for its activities in the Middle East and North Africa. Anti-piracy campaign beoutQ In August 2017, beoutQ was launched illegally broadcasting via satellite and streaming over the internet premium sports and entertainment content worth billions of dollars. beIN Media Group has campaigned with leading sporting organizations and broadcasters from around the world to universally condemn piracy operations and call for decisive action to be taken to stamp out beoutQ and stop Saudi-based pay TV provider Arabsat from distributing the illegal broadcast channel. In October 2018, beIN Media Group launched a $1 billion international arbitration case against Saudi Arabia on the basis of beoutQ. In July 2018, FIFA, the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) and other sports rights holders disclosed that they will be launching legal action in Saudi Arabia. In December 2018, The World Trade Organization agreed to launch a dispute inquiry to determine whether Saudi Arabia has fai
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20Score
Health Score is a scoring system used by several mobile health companies in various ways to track an individual's health via Quantified Self and the help of mobile applications, social networking and elements of gamification. According to them when tracked over time, it offers a good directional indicator of how the users health and well-being is evolving over time. The scoring engine varies considerably from one company to another, and in some cases, the scoring engine is trademarked and/or patented, such as in the case of dacadoo. Health is invisible and therefore, all health scores in use have one thing in common: they want to capture and measure health and wellness and make it visible. Overview Health is invisible and intangible. The basic premise of a health scoring concept is that what you can measure, you can manage. If you can measure health and wellness good enough as an indicator, then you can start working with it. None of the available health scores is in medical diagnosis, they're all lifestyle-products where the health score in use is to be understood as an indicator, a number that helps you to work with it. The score typically moves up or down indicating improvement, when it moves up, and vice versa. The simpler health scores available are more static in nature and provide a number based on some inputs provided. The more sophisticated health scores are dynamic and function in real-time, moving (such as exercise, nutrition, stress and sleep) change. Most health scores claim they are based on scientific data. The simpler models use one or a few models, the more sophisticated health scores claim to include a vast amount of models and person-years of clinical data. Some health scores use in addition to static questionnaires also dynamic and ongoing data, such as captured and tracked by fitness or activity trackers or applications for smartphones, For instance, exercise can be tracked automatically by using a mobile app for smartphones to track the activity, or by using fitness tracking apps or devices from the supplier of the health score solution, or by connecting popular fitness tracking apps such as RunKeeper and activity tracking devices such as Fitbit or UP Jawbone step counters, etc. In the past, available information was limited and lifestyle adjustments were largely made only once a health problem was detected, and then under the guidance of healthcare professionals. Today due partly to the availability of electronic mass media there is a trend among the population to maintain their health on their own terms. This seems to be precipitating a shift away from the reactive model of health to a more proactive approach where the individual works towards the maintenance of their wellness before problems arise. This shift in attitudes is said to have broad implications for both public health and individual companies. Improved health would logically lead to reduced healthcare costs and increase workplace productivity. A wide array
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Find%20a%20Crew
Find a Crew is an international online marine crew and boat network that offers a database to match boat members with crew. Find a Crew encompasses professional, commercial and recreational boating providing a platform for members to search for, and communicate with, people travelling, working on or exploring the oceans of the world. Main features Find a Crew has a network of members seeking to find a crew or become a crew member in over 200 countries. Website visitors can view member information, but must become registered members to exchange contact information. People that work as crew members may do so as volunteers or companions, where light duties are exchanged for room and board. Other non-sailing positions are involved in food service, teachers or nannies, language interpreters, scientists on research vessels, or water sports instructors. Professional crew members include deckhands, engineers, and skippers. In some cases, nonprofessionals sign on as paying passengers. Crew members do not need to be experienced. Membership and site Registration is free of charge, as is searching through matching profiles and showing an initial expression of interest by sending a wave to another member. Members can search for and be matched against other members using many parameters such as gender, age, location, position type, experience at sea and many more. Members can upload photos to their profile, and personalise it with text sections to provide more information about themselves, what they are offering and what they are expecting. Free members can also reply to any initial contacts they receive with a yes, no or maybe wave. Once mutual interest is established, a subscription fee to become a Premium member is required for further communication. Other services such as a Personal Identity Verification process and increased messaging capabilities are also available to Premium members. Once contact information is exchanged, arrangements such as the duration, location, terms and expectations of the work or travel exchange on board are generally worked out in advance. History Find a Crew was launched in December, 2004 to match individuals who wanted to work on boats with boats needing crew. In 2009, Nautycal Pty Ltd was founded as the parent company of Find a Crew and other marine based websites. It is based in Mooloolaba, Queensland. The directors of Nautycal Pty Ltd are Raffael Gretener as the CEO and Knud Nexo as the Chief Technology Officer. In 2007, Find a Crew became a registered trademark due to being able to demonstrate that the phrase was not used as a searchable phrase prior to December 2004. It has since become a frequently used search phrase by people looking for crew or crew jobs. References Further reading External links www.findacrew.net Australian travel websites Internet properties established in 2004 Marine websites 2004 establishments in Australia Yachting Sailing Boating
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20106
Voivodeship Road 106 (, abbreviated DW 106) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The road is 108 km in length and runs through 4 powiats: Kamień County (Gmina Kamień Pomorski and Gmina Golczewo), Goleniów County (Gmina Nowogard and Gmina Maszewo), Stargard County (Gmina Stargard Szczeciński and the city Stargard Szczeciński) and Pyrzyce County (Gmina Warnice and Gmina Pyrzyce). Important settlements along the route Rzewnowo Golczewo Nowogard Jenikowo Maszewo Łęczyca Stargard Szczeciński Warnice Pyrzyce References 106
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20107
Voivodeship road 107 (, abbreviated DW 107) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route runs through Kamień County (Gmina Dziwnów, Gmina Kamień Pomorski and Gmina Wolin). Important settlements along the route Dziwnówek Wrzosowo Kamień Pomorski Rzewnowo Jarzysław Rekowo Dobropole Parłówko Route plan References 107
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20108
Voivodeship road 108 (, abbreviated DW 108) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route runs through two powiats: Kamień County(Gmina Wolin and Gmina Golczewo and Gryfice County (Gmina Płoty). Important settlements along the route Parłówko Strzegowo Wysoka Kamieńska Baczysław Kretlewo Gadom Golczewo Unibórz Truskolas Płoty Route plan References 108
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20109
Voivodeship Road 109 (, abbreviated DW 109) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route links Mrzeżyno with the National Road 6 in Płoty. Important settlements along the route Mrzeżyno Trzebiatów Gryfice Smolęcin Płoty References 109 West Pomeranian Voivodeship
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occam%20learning
In computational learning theory, Occam learning is a model of algorithmic learning where the objective of the learner is to output a succinct representation of received training data. This is closely related to probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, where the learner is evaluated on its predictive power of a test set. Occam learnability implies PAC learning, and for a wide variety of concept classes, the converse is also true: PAC learnability implies Occam learnability. Introduction Occam Learning is named after Occam's razor, which is a principle stating that, given all other things being equal, a shorter explanation for observed data should be favored over a lengthier explanation. The theory of Occam learning is a formal and mathematical justification for this principle. It was first shown by Blumer, et al. that Occam learning implies PAC learning, which is the standard model of learning in computational learning theory. In other words, parsimony (of the output hypothesis) implies predictive power. Definition of Occam learning The succinctness of a concept in concept class can be expressed by the length of the shortest bit string that can represent in . Occam learning connects the succinctness of a learning algorithm's output to its predictive power on unseen data. Let and be concept classes containing target concepts and hypotheses respectively. Then, for constants and , a learning algorithm is an -Occam algorithm for using iff, given a set of samples labeled according to a concept , outputs a hypothesis such that is consistent with on (that is, ), and where is the maximum length of any sample . An Occam algorithm is called efficient if it runs in time polynomial in , , and We say a concept class is Occam learnable with respect to a hypothesis class if there exists an efficient Occam algorithm for using The relation between Occam and PAC learning Occam learnability implies PAC learnability, as the following theorem of Blumer, et al. shows: Theorem (Occam learning implies PAC learning) Let be an efficient -Occam algorithm for using . Then there exists a constant such that for any , for any distribution , given samples drawn from and labelled according to a concept of length bits each, the algorithm will output a hypothesis such that with probability at least .Here, is with respect to the concept and distribution . This implies that the algorithm is also a PAC learner for the concept class using hypothesis class . A slightly more general formulation is as follows: Theorem (Occam learning implies PAC learning, cardinality version) Let . Let be an algorithm such that, given samples drawn from a fixed but unknown distribution and labeled according to a concept of length bits each, outputs a hypothesis that is consistent with the labeled samples. Then, there exists a constant such that if , then is guaranteed to output a hypothesis such that with probability at least . Whi
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20110
Voivodeship road 110 (, abbreviated DW 110) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route links the Voivodeship Road 102 in Lędzin, Voivodeship Road 103 in Cerkwica with Voivodeship Road 109 and Voivodeship Road 105 in Gryfice. The route runs through Gryfice County with length 23 km. Important settlements along the route Lędzin Karnice Cerkwica Przybiernówko Gryfice Route plan References 110
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20111
Voivodeship Road 111 (, abbreviated DW 111) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route links Recław near Wolin with the western bypass of Goleniów with the Expressway S3 and National Road 6. The route was separated from the Voivodeship Road 113 on 1 January 2013. Important settlements along the route Święta Modrzewie Goleniów Route plan References 111
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss%20functions%20for%20classification
In machine learning and mathematical optimization, loss functions for classification are computationally feasible loss functions representing the price paid for inaccuracy of predictions in classification problems (problems of identifying which category a particular observation belongs to). Given as the space of all possible inputs (usually ), and as the set of labels (possible outputs), a typical goal of classification algorithms is to find a function which best predicts a label for a given input . However, because of incomplete information, noise in the measurement, or probabilistic components in the underlying process, it is possible for the same to generate different . As a result, the goal of the learning problem is to minimize expected loss (also known as the risk), defined as where is a given loss function, and is the probability density function of the process that generated the data, which can equivalently be written as Within classification, several commonly used loss functions are written solely in terms of the product of the true label and the predicted label . Therefore, they can be defined as functions of only one variable , so that with a suitably chosen function . These are called margin-based loss functions. Choosing a margin-based loss function amounts to choosing . Selection of a loss function within this framework impacts the optimal which minimizes the expected risk. In the case of binary classification, it is possible to simplify the calculation of expected risk from the integral specified above. Specifically, The second equality follows from the properties described above. The third equality follows from the fact that 1 and −1 are the only possible values for , and the fourth because . The term within brackets is known as the conditional risk. One can solve for the minimizer of by taking the functional derivative of the last equality with respect to and setting the derivative equal to 0. This will result in the following equation which is also equivalent to setting the derivative of the conditional risk equal to zero. Given the binary nature of classification, a natural selection for a loss function (assuming equal cost for false positives and false negatives) would be the 0-1 loss function (0–1 indicator function), which takes the value of 0 if the predicted classification equals that of the true class or a 1 if the predicted classification does not match the true class. This selection is modeled by where indicates the Heaviside step function. However, this loss function is non-convex and non-smooth, and solving for the optimal solution is an NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. As a result, it is better to substitute loss function surrogates which are tractable for commonly used learning algorithms, as they have convenient properties such as being convex and smooth. In addition to their computational tractability, one can show that the solutions to the learning problem using these
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voivodeship%20road%20112
Voivodeship Road 112 (, abbreviated DW 112) is a route in the Polish voivodeship roads network. The route links the S6 expressway in Wicimice with the S11 expressway in Koszalin along an old routing of national road 6. Previous route Between 2000 and 2014, DW 112 originally ran from Stepnica to Modrzewie. This became a portion of DW 111 on 1 January 2015. Important settlements along the route Wicimice Karlino Biesiekierz Stare Bielice Route plan References 112