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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Heath%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Michael Thomas Heath (born December 11, 1946) is a retired computer scientist who specializes in scientific computing. He is the director of the Center for the Simulation of Advanced Rockets, a Department of Energy-sponsored computing center at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, and the former Fulton Watson Copp Professor of Computer Science at UIUC. Heath was inducted as member of the European Academy of Sciences in 2002, a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery in 2000, and a Fellow of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics in 2010. He also received the 2009 Taylor L. Booth Education Award from IEEE. He became an emeritus professor in 2012.
Heath is the author of Scientific Computing: An Introductory Survey, an introductory text on numerical analysis.
Education
Michael Heath earned his BA in mathematics from the University of Kentucky in 1968. In 1974, Heath earned his MS in mathematics from the University of Tennessee. Heath earned his PhD in computer science from Stanford University in 1978; his PhD dissertation was entitled Numerical Algorithms for Nonlinearly Constrained Optimization and was completed under the direction of Gene Golub.
Early work
Prior to his work with the University of Illinois, Michael Heath spent a number of years at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Heath joined Oak Ridge in 1968 as a Scientific Applications Programmer, and he became a Eugene P. Wigner Postdoctoral Fellow in 1978.
Michael Heath served as an adjunct professor of computer science at the University of Tennessee from 1988 to 1991. In 1991, Heath joined the University of Illinois, where he soon became a senior research scientist with the National Center for Supercomputing Applications.
Selected publications
References
External links
Michael T. Heath's Web Site
American computer scientists
1946 births
University of Kentucky alumni
University of Tennessee alumni
Stanford University School of Engineering alumni
Oak Ridge National Laboratory people
University of Tennessee faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Fellows of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Numerical analysts
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimized%20Link%20State%20Routing%20Protocol | The Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) is an IP routing protocol optimized for mobile ad hoc networks, which can also be used on other wireless ad hoc networks. OLSR is a proactive link-state routing protocol, which uses hello and topology control (TC) messages to discover and then disseminate link state information throughout the mobile ad hoc network. Individual nodes use this topology information to compute next hop destinations for all nodes in the network using shortest hop forwarding paths.
Features specific to OLSR
Link-state routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) elect a designated router on every link to perform flooding of topology information. In wireless ad hoc networks, there is different notion of a link, packets can and do go out the same interface; hence, a different approach is needed in order to optimize the flooding process. Using Hello messages the OLSR protocol at each node discovers 2-hop neighbor information and performs a distributed election of a set of multipoint relays (MPRs). Nodes select MPRs such that there exists a path to each of its 2-hop neighbors via a node selected as an MPR. These MPR nodes then source and forward TC messages that contain the MPR selectors. This functioning of MPRs makes OLSR unique from other link state routing protocols in a few different ways: The forwarding path for TC messages is not shared among all nodes but varies depending on the source, only a subset of nodes source link state information, not all links of a node are advertised but only those that represent MPR selections.
Since link-state routing requires the topology database to be synchronized across the network, OSPF and IS-IS perform topology flooding using a reliable algorithm. Such an algorithm is very difficult to design for ad hoc wireless networks, so OLSR doesn't bother with reliability; it simply floods topology data often enough to make sure that the database does not remain unsynchronized for extended periods of time.
Multipoint relays
Multipoint relays (MPRs) relay messages between nodes. They also have the main role in routing and selecting the proper route from any source to any desired destination node.
MPRs advertise link-state information for their MPR selectors (a node selected as a MPR) periodically in their control messages. MPRs are also used to form a route from a given node to any destination in route calculation. Each node periodically broadcasts a Hello message for the link sensing, neighbor detection and MPR selection processes.
Benefits
Being a proactive protocol, routes to all destinations within the network are known and maintained before use. Having the routes available within the standard routing table can be useful for some systems and network applications as there is no route discovery delay associated with finding a new route.
The routing overhead generated, while generally greater than that of a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divided%20differences | In mathematics, divided differences is an algorithm, historically used for computing tables of logarithms and trigonometric functions. Charles Babbage's difference engine, an early mechanical calculator, was designed to use this algorithm in its operation.
Divided differences is a recursive division process. Given a sequence of data points , the method calculates the coefficients of the interpolation polynomial of these points in the Newton form.
Definition
Given n + 1 data points
where the are assumed to be pairwise distinct, the forward divided differences are defined as:
To make the recursive process of computation clearer, the divided differences can be put in tabular form, where the columns correspond to the value of j above, and each entry in the table is computed from the difference of the entries to its immediate lower left and to its immediate upper left, divided by a difference of corresponding x-values:
Notation
Note that the divided difference depends on the values and , but the notation hides the dependency on the x-values. If the data points are given by a function f,
one sometimes writes the divided difference in the notation
Other notations for the divided difference of the function ƒ on the nodes x0, ..., xn are:
Example
Divided differences for and the first few values of :
Properties
Linearity
Leibniz rule
Divided differences are symmetric: If is a permutation then
Polynomial interpolation in the Newton form: if is a polynomial function of degree , and is the divided difference, then
If is a polynomial function of degree , then
Mean value theorem for divided differences: if is n times differentiable, then for a number in the open interval determined by the smallest and largest of the 's.
Matrix form
The divided difference scheme can be put into an upper triangular matrix:
Then it holds
if is a scalar
This follows from the Leibniz rule. It means that multiplication of such matrices is commutative. Summarised, the matrices of divided difference schemes with respect to the same set of nodes x form a commutative ring.
Since is a triangular matrix, its eigenvalues are obviously .
Let be a Kronecker delta-like function, that is Obviously , thus is an eigenfunction of the pointwise function multiplication. That is is somehow an "eigenmatrix" of : . However, all columns of are multiples of each other, the matrix rank of is 1. So you can compose the matrix of all eigenvectors of from the -th column of each . Denote the matrix of eigenvectors with . Example The diagonalization of can be written as
Polynomials and power series
The matrix
contains the divided difference scheme for the identity function with respect to the nodes , thus contains the divided differences for the power function with exponent .
Consequently, you can obtain the divided differences for a polynomial function by applying to the matrix : If
and
then
This is known as Opitz' formula.
Now consider increasing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DivX%2C%20Inc. | DivX, Inc. (; now DivX, LLC and also formerly known as DivXNetworks, Inc.) is a privately held video technology company based in San Diego, California. DivX, LLC is best known as a producer of three codecs: an MPEG-4 Part 2-based codec, the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC DivX Plus codec and the High Efficiency Video Coding DivX HEVC Ultra HD codec. The company's software has been downloaded over 1 billion times since January 2003. DivX, LLC's offerings have expanded beyond the codec to include software for viewing and authoring DivX-encoded video. DivX, LLC also licenses its technologies to manufacturers of consumer electronics devices and components used in these devices, of which over 1 billion DivX-enabled devices have shipped worldwide. DivX certifies that these licensed products are able to properly play DivX-encoded video.
History
The origin of DivX, Inc. began with video engineer Jérôme Rota (aka Gej), who made the original "DivX ;-)" codec available on his personal website after he had reverse-engineered the Microsoft MPEG-4 V3 codec. Gej was looking for a way to compress his portfolio so he could transmit it using the Audio Video Interleave file format (AVI). The codec became popular because it enabled reasonable quality video transmission over the internet (see DivX). Co-founder Jordan Greenhall, a former Mp3.com executive, learned of the codec from friends, and used it to download a copy of "The Matrix". Greenhall eventually got in touch with Gej through an underground Dutch hacker group after a multi-month search. In early 2000, Greenhall put forward the idea of using the "DivX ;-)" codec to found a company. With co-founders Joe Bezdek, Darrius Thompson and, Greenhall and Gej created DivXNetworks, Inc. After coming under scrutiny for the original "DivX ;-)" codec, which was not a clean room design codec, DivXNetworks created a new, clean room codec.
DivX, Inc. incurred net losses from its creation through the second quarter of 2005. The company was profitable for fiscal years 2005–07.
DivX, Inc. went public on September 27, 2006. In December 2006, DivX, Inc. was added to the Russell 2000 and Russell 3000 Indexes.
In November 2007, DivX bought MainConcept AG, a specialist provider of video and audio codec solutions.
In October 2010, Sonic Solutions completed their acquisition of DivX.
In February 2011, Rovi Corporation acquired Sonic Solutions (including the DivX business).
In April 2014, Rovi Corporation sold the DivX and MainConcept business to Parallax Capital Partners and StepStone Group.
In February 2015, NeuLion, Inc. acquired DivX, LLC.
In February 2018, a deal was finalized to sell certain DivX assets, intellectual property and subsidiaries from NeuLion, Inc. to Fortress Investment Group.
Revenue streams
DivX, LLC licenses its technologies to manufacturers of consumer electronic devices. DivX, LLC also licenses its technologies to manufacturers of integrated circuits designed to be used in consumer electronic devices. For example, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPARCstation%201 | The SPARCstation 1 (Sun 4/60, code-named Campus) is the first of the SPARCstation series of SPARC-based computer workstations sold by Sun Microsystems. The design originated in 1987 by a Sun spin-off company, Unisun, which was soon re-acquired. The SPARCstation 1 has a distinctive slim enclosure (a square 3-inch-high "pizza box") and was first sold in April 1989, with Sun's support ending in 1995.
Based on a LSI Logic RISC CPU running at 20 MHz, with a Weitek 3170 (or 3172) FPU coprocessor, it was the fourth Sun computer (after the 4/260, 4/110 and 4/280) to use the SPARC architecture and the first of the sun4c architecture. The motherboard offered three SBus slots and had built-in AUI Ethernet, 8 kHz audio, and a 5 MB/s SCSI-1 bus. The basic display ran at in 256 colours, and monitors shipped with the computer were 16 to 19 inch greyscale or colour.
Designed for ease of production to compete with high-end PCs or Macs (its principal competitors were the IBM PS/2 Model 80, the NeXT Computer, and Sun's own 3/80), it sold for between about US$9,000 (with no hard disks), to US$20,000 — and in the first year around 35,000 units were sold.
Design
The SPARCstation 1 features several distinctive design and packaging elements driven internally by system designer Andy Bechtolsheim and externally by design house frog design. Bechtolsheim specified that the motherboard would be the size of a sheet of paper and the SBus expansion cards would be the size of index cards, resulting in an extremely compact footprint. The external design motif includes dot-patterned cooling vents on the side which are echoed by a "dimple" pattern on the front face, and "Sun purple" feet.
Memory
The SPARCstation 1 takes 30-pin SIMMs in groups of four. It can take either 1 MB or 4 MB SIMMs as long as the size is consistent within a bank.
There are a total of four memory banks, which can give a total of 64 MB of memory. Memory bank 0 (composed of U0311, U0322, U0309, and U0307) should be filled first. If not, the OpenBoot firmware will hang while memory checking.
Disk drives
The SPARCstation 1 has space for up to two hard drives and one floppy drive internally. The machine will take any 50-pin SCSI-2 hard drive, but the OpenBoot firmware will not boot from any partition which starts or ends after 1024 MB.
The floppy drive, like the Macintosh's, is unusual in that it has an electromechanical eject mechanism rather than the conventional eject button, and therefore must be ejected by the operating system or OpenBoot.
The machine can connect to any SCSI CD drive, via either the SCSI connector on the back or by connecting it to any spare internal SCSI connector via a 50-pin cable.
Network support
The SPARCstation 1 comes with an on-board AMD Lance Ethernet chipset and a 15-pin AUI connector, which can connect to 10BASE2, 10BASE5 or 10BASE-T via an appropriate transceiver. The OpenBoot ROM is able to boot from network, using RARP and TFTP. Like all other SPARCstation systems, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALT%20Linux | ALT Linux is a set of Russian operating systems based on RPM Package Manager (RPM) and built on a Linux kernel and Sisyphus package repository. ALT Linux has been developed collectively by ALT Linux Team developers community and ALT Linux Ltd.
History
ALT Linux Team arose from the merger of IPLabs Linux Team and the Linux community of the Institute of Logic, Cognitive Science and Development of Personality. The latter cooperated with Mandrake Linux and SUSE Linux teams to improve localization (specifically Cyrillic script), producing a Linux-Mandrake Russian Edition (RE).
Mandrake and Mandrake RE became different distributions and thus the decision was made to create a separate project. The name ALT was coined, which is a recursive acronym meaning ALT Linux Team.
The split led to the creation of the Sisyphus package repository, which is an unstable branch of the ALT Linux development. In 2007, the Sisyphus repository won a prestigious CNews award in nomination for Information Security.
Releases
Version history
Linux-Mandrake
Linux-Mandrake 7.0 Russian Edition, released in the beginning of 2000, was the first de facto independent distribution of IPLabs Linux Team. It kept the name Mandrake with permission from Mandrake developers.
Spring 2001 was the second IPLabs Linux team release, released several months later.
ALT Linux 1.0
Since the summer of 2001, ALT Linux Team has been formed and the ALT Linux name has been established.
The first ALT Linux release was ALT Linux Junior 1.0, released in summer of 2001, followed by the updated ALT Linux Junior 1.1 in autumn of 2001.
Junior distributions were 1CD releases.
ALT Linux 2.*
ALT Linux Master 2.0, released in May 2002, was the 4CD all-purpose Linux distribution targeted for software developers and system administrators.
ALT Linux Junior 2.0 was released in summer of 2002, as a 1CD desktop/workstation-oriented release.
ALT Linux 3.0
ALT Linux Compact 3.0 was released during autumn 2005, and consisted of 1CD/1DVD installable versions along with LiveCD (TravelCD 3.0). There were several subsequent OEM updates counting up to 3.0.5.
ALT Linux 4.0
These series changed the official naming somewhat to be ALT Linux 4.0 $flavour.
Server was released in June 2007 (1CD+1DVD per platform; i586 and x86_64);
Office Server quickly followed (1CD; i586 and x86_64);
Desktop Personal in August 2007 (1DVD, LiveCD, Rescue CD; i586; KDE3);
Lite in December 2007 (installation CD, live CD and 2CD with addons; i586; Xfce4);
Terminal in December 2007 (joint release with Media Magic Ltd, 1DVD; i586; KDE3, low client RAM requirements).
There was also a more conservative school 4.0 branch maintained for the Russian schools pilot project, and several distributions specifically tailored for schools released using that as a base.
ALT Linux 4.1
Desktop was released in October 2008 (1CD/1DVD; i586 and x86_64; KDE3);
Children in December 2008 (LiveCD; i586);
Skif in December 2008 (1CD; x86_64; HPC);
Sch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20Spafford | Eugene Howard Spafford (born 1956), known as Spaf, is an American professor of computer science at Purdue University and a computer security expert.
Spafford serves as an advisor to U.S. government agencies and corporations. In 1998, he founded and was the first director of the Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS) at Purdue University.
Biography
Education and early career
Spafford attended the State University of New York at Brockport, graduating with a double major in mathematics and computer science in three years. He then attended the School of Information and Computer Sciences (now the College of Computing) at the Georgia Institute of Technology. He received his Master of Science (M.S.) in 1981, and Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in 1986, for his design and implementation of the kernel of the original Clouds distributed operating system.
During the formative years of the Internet, Spafford made significant contributions to establishing semi-formal processes to organize and manage Usenet, then the primary channel of communication between users, and to defining the standards of behavior governing its use. Spafford initiated the Phage List as a response to the Morris Worm, one of the earliest computer worms.
Computer science at Purdue
Spafford has served on the faculty at Purdue University in Indiana since 1987, and is a full professor of computer science. He is executive director emeritus of Purdue's Center for Education and Research in Information Assurance and Security (CERIAS), and founded its predecessor, the COAST Laboratory. He has stated that his research interests have focused on "the prevention, detection, and remediation of information system failures and misuse, with an emphasis on applied information security. This has included research in fault tolerance, software testing and debugging, intrusion detection, software forensics, and security policies."
Spafford wrote or co-authored four books on computer and computer security, including Practical Unix and Internet Security for O'Reilly Media, and over 150 research papers, chapters, and monographs. In 1996, he received the Award of Distinguished Technical Communication from the Society for Technical Communication for Practical Unix and Internet Security.
As a PhD advisor, Spafford supervised development of the Open Source Tripwire tool coded by his student Gene Kim. Spafford was the chief external technical advisor to the company Tripwire during their first few years. He was also graduate advisor to Dan Farmer who coded the freeware Computer Oracle and Password System (COPS) tool.
In 2009, Spafford discussed on C-SPAN an article in The New York Times that looked at how the Internet had been a conduit for many types of cybercrime.
Recent work from Spafford has shown how to deceive adversaries and thus make computing systems more secure, drawing on his multi-disciplinary expertise in information security and psychology.
Spafford is |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20President%20Wore%20Pearls | "The President Wore Pearls" is the third episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 16, 2003. The episode was nominated for an Emmy for Outstanding Music (by Alf Clausen) And Lyrics (by Dana Gould). The episode guest stars documentary filmmaker Michael Moore as himself.
Plot
Springfield Elementary School holds a casino night as a fundraiser, hosted by student body president Martin Prince. Homer wins big, but when Martin says his winnings can only be redeemed for cafeteria scrip and not real money, the angry casino patrons riot. After the chaos has cleared, Principal Skinner tells Martin he must resign as the president. An election for a new president is announced and Lisa signs up. However, initially popular Nelson Muntz is favored to win, providing students (and some teachers) with answer keys to tests. During a debate in the school auditorium, she sings a song ("Vote For a Winner", a parody of "Don't Cry for Me Argentina") about how she will fight for student rights, winning them over.
Lisa easily wins the election. Worried by her determination and popularity, the faculty discusses how to control her. Following Mrs. Krabappel's suggestion that a woman's weakness is vanity, they sing another song ("I Am Their Queen", a spoof of "Rainbow High") and make Lisa over into a fashionable Eva Perón lookalike. She is initially resistant, but gives in since she reasons she will still be able to fight for the kids. The students love the new Lisa more than ever, but the faculty uses her as a scapegoat for dropping music, gym, and art from the curriculum to save on the budget, getting her to sign the paperwork without looking at it in exchange for a skeleton key to the school. Facing an outraged student body, Lisa resigns as president, goes back to her old red dress and spiky hair, and leads the students into a strike.
Filmmaker Michael Moore shows up to take their side, stating that children who do not receive music, gym and art are more likely to become unemployed and end up in one of his movies. The police arrive at the school, but Lisa convinces them to take their side too. Realizing there is no other way out of the crippling strike other than disposing of Lisa, Skinner has her transferred to a school for the "Academically Gifted and Troublesome". As her bus departs, her classmates and the rest of Springfield are saddened, but she reassures them by telling them that "[they] can still reach [her] via email ("Smart Girl Six Three", a parody of "Eva's Final Broadcast").
Just as Lisa arrives at her new school, Homer pulls up and refuses to let her attend, not wanting to deal with the extra driving time. Springfield Elementary is eventually able to restore music, art and gym by cancelling flu shots and selling loose cigarettes. As an endnote, the writers say that at the advice of their lawyers, they have absolutely no knowledge about a musical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20loss | Information loss may refer to:
Data loss in information systems
lossy compression
Digital obsolescence
Black hole information paradox in theoretical physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20the%20Heretic | "Homer the Heretic" is the third episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 8, 1992. In the episode, Homer decides to forgo going to church and has an excellent time staying home. His behavior quickly attracts the wrath of God, who visits him in a dream. The chalkboard gag from this episode was a reference to the previous episode "A Streetcar Named Marge", which had made controversial references to New Orleans.
The episode was written by George Meyer and directed by Jim Reardon.
Plot
One Sunday morning, Homer decides that he will not go to church after seeing how cold it is outside and splitting his pants while getting dressed. Marge, Bart, Lisa, and Maggie attend the day's service, but must put up with the church's malfunctioning furnace, the doors freezing shut when the churchgoers try to leave after the service ends, and car trouble in the parking lot. Homer, meanwhile, spends the morning goofing around the house, eating large amounts of fatty foods, and watching TV.
When Marge and the children return home, Homer proclaims that he had the best day of his life because he skipped church, and thus he will never attend church again, to Marge's horror. That night, Marge prays for Homer; Homer, meanwhile, falls asleep during Marge's praying and has a dream about meeting God. In the dream, God is initially enraged at Homer for forsaking His church, but He comes to understand Homer's viewpoint and agrees to let him worship in his own way. Homer starts following his own religion tailored to his personal tastes, including holidays he invents to get out of work.
Marge, Reverend Lovejoy and Ned attempt without success to bring Homer back to the congregation. One Sunday morning, while everybody else is at church, Homer falls asleep on the couch smoking a lit cigar, which sets the house ablaze. Apu, chief of Springfield's volunteer fire department, rushes to the Simpson house with other volunteer firefighters including Krusty the Clown, Chief Wiggum, and Barney. Meanwhile, Ned runs into the burning house to rescue Homer and pulls him out just as the firefighters arrive.
After the fire is extinguished, Homer interprets the fire as God delivering vengeance. Reverend Lovejoy counters that God was working through Homer's friends to save him, despite their different faiths. Homer agrees to give church another chance after further encouragement from Reverend Lovejoy. However, while Homer does show up to church the next Sunday, he falls asleep and snores loudly during the service. In the dream Homer has during the service, God consoles Homer on the ultimate failure of Homer's invented religion. Homer asks God what the meaning of life is, and after finding out Homer doesn't want to wait until he dies to find out on his own, God reluctantly begins to answer Homer's question, just as the closing credits start rolling, preventing God from revealing t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroman | Zeroman is a Canadian animated television series produced by Amberwood Entertainment that aired on the Canadian cartoon network Teletoon (in English) and on Télétoon (in French). It tells the adventures of incompetent sixty-three-year-old postman Les Mutton (voiced by Leslie Nielsen) who also happens to be the superhero known as Zeroman. As Zeroman, Les fights the crime that plagues Fair City in a similar fashion to Nielsen's Lieutenant Frank Drebin character in the Naked Gun series.
Premise
The Zerosuit grants its wearer invulnerability (although not completely, especially in areas like the solar plexus where the weave is thinner), flight (taking to the air with a cry of "Out, Out and Away!" apparently through a form of super-flatulence), superhuman strength and various other abilities, including shooting sticky glue-like super-mucus out of his nose when his allergies get particularly bad as in the episode "The Humidifier". But, even though the suit grants its user incredible power, the suit is susceptible to anti-static sheets. When affected by them, the suit wearer is incapacitated, handicapped and put through immense pain as the suit begins to bulge uncontrollably.
Most of the characters are actually modeled after their voice actors. Les/Zeroman, Ty, Rusty, Don and Ron all share many resemblances to their real-life counterparts (Reynolds, who voiced Ty, used to have a moustache).
Characters
Les Mutton/Zeroman: Played by Leslie Nielsen, Les comes into the possession of an alien supersuit that grants the wearer superpowers, turning him into Fair City's hero, Zeroman. When not fighting crime as the Man of Zeal, Les Mutton is an absent-minded and mild-mannered postman who still lives with his mother at the age of sixty-three (he'll be sixty-four in three weeks). Zeroman maintains his secret identity similar to Superman but in reverse, whereas Les doesn't wear glasses and Zeroman does (the Zero-Specs are also a highly advanced communication system that allows him to keep in constant contact with Ty). Even though it's quite obvious that the two are the same person, the people of Fair City (with the exception of Ty and Gary) cannot seem to tell the difference and would even go as far as telling Les otherwise whenever his cover would be blown. This is obviously a fun jab at how Superman hides his secret identity of Clark Kent. Zeroman's secret hideout is located under his mother's shabby suburban house. The main secret entrance is via the toilet in his washroom, and when activated by jiggling the handle and allowing the seat to scan his bum print, it sends Les down the Poop-Chute through a network of tunnels to the caverns of his base. While not explained in detail, Les' father was a secret agent complete with Sean Connery accent (the Zero-Specs were originally one of his spy gadgets). Les has romantic feelings for his co-worker, Sally, but can never really express them to her and seems unaware that she actually reciprocates them. Les is quite ne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20North%20Lancashire%20%26%20Cumbria | Heart North Lancashire & Cumbria (formerly The Bay) was an Independent Local Radio station owned and operated by Global Radio as part of the Heart network. It broadcast to north Lancashire and south Cumbria from studios in Lancaster.
History
The Bay
The station's original name, The Bay, derived from the sand banks of Morecambe Bay, above which the main 96.9 MHz transmitter is located. Relay transmitters are located near the Lake District towns of Windermere (102.3 MHz) and Kendal (103.2 MHz), near the A684.
The station served a potential audience of around 292,000 people, including the key centres of Barrow-in-Furness, Kendal, Lancaster, Morecambe and Windermere, where the service area overlaps with sister station Smooth Lake District.
Under previous owners, The Bay was nominated for and won several industry awards, including the Station of the Year at the 2010 Arqiva Commercial Radio Awards, and more recently, Arqiva's Breakfast Show of the Year in 2012.
Sale and rebrand
On 20 November 2017, CN Group announced The Bay would be sold to Global along with sister station Lakeland Radio - the sale was finalised by 1 December 2017. Global later announced The Bay would join the Heart network.
The Bay's brand and programming was phased out during February 2018 and following a transition period, the station was relaunched as Heart North Lancashire and Cumbria at 6am on Monday 5 March 2018.
Closure
On 26 February 2019, Global announced the station would be merged with Heart North West. From 3 June 2019, local output will consist of a three-hour regional Drivetime show on weekdays, alongside local news bulletins, traffic updates and advertising.
Heart North Lancashire & Cumbria's studios in Lancaster closed with operations moving to Manchester. Local breakfast and weekend shows were replaced with network programming from London. The station ceased local programming on 31 May 2019.
See also
Smooth Lake District
References
External links
Heart North Lancashire & Cumbria
History of radio in Lancashire
Kendal transmitter
Morecambe Bay transmitter
Windermere transmitter
Mass media in Cumbria
Radio stations in Lancashire
Barrow-in-Furness
Lancaster, Lancashire
Radio stations established in 1993
1993 establishments in England
Adult contemporary radio stations in the United Kingdom
North Lancashire and Cumbria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNI%20Global%20Union | UNI Global Union, formerly Union Network International (UNI), is a global union federation for the skills and services sectors, gathering national and regional trade union. It has affiliated unions in 150 countries representing 20 million workers. The head office is in Nyon, Switzerland. UNI Global Union ratified over 50 Global Framework Agreements with multinational corporation as of 2021.
History
UNI was the result of the merger of four organisations: International Federation of Commercial, Clerical, Professional and Technical Employees (FIET), Media and Entertainment International (MEI), International Graphical Federation (IGF) and Communications International (CI). They merged on 1 January 2000, to form Union Network International. On 2 March 2009, the federation changed its name to UNI Global Union.
Leadership
General Secretaries
2000: Philip Jennings
2018: Christy Hoffman
Presidents
2000: Kurt van Haaren
2001: Maj-Len Remahl
2003: Joseph T. Hansen
2010: Joe de Bruyn
2014: Ann Selin
2018: Ruben Cortina
2023: Gerard Dwyer
References
External links
Trade unions established in 2000 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem-and-leaf%20display | A stem-and-leaf display or stem-and-leaf plot is a device for presenting quantitative data in a graphical format, similar to a histogram, to assist in visualizing the shape of a distribution. They evolved from Arthur Bowley's work in the early 1900s, and are useful tools in exploratory data analysis. Stemplots became more commonly used in the 1980s after the publication of John Tukey's book on exploratory data analysis in 1977. The popularity during those years is attributable to their use of monospaced (typewriter) typestyles that allowed computer technology of the time to easily produce the graphics. Modern computers' superior graphic capabilities have meant these techniques are less often used.
This plot has been implemented in Octave and R.
A stem-and-leaf plot is also called a stemplot, but the latter term often refers to another chart type. A simple stem plot may refer to plotting a matrix of y values onto a common x axis, and identifying the common x value with a vertical line, and the individual y values with symbols on the line.
Unlike histograms, stem-and-leaf displays retain the original data to at least two significant digits, and put the data in order, thereby easing the move to order-based inference and non-parametric statistics.
Construction
To construct a stem-and-leaf display, the observations must first be sorted in ascending order: this can be done most easily if working by hand by constructing a draft of the stem-and-leaf display with the leaves unsorted, then sorting the leaves to produce the final stem-and-leaf display. Here is the sorted set of data values that will be used in the following example:
44, 46, 47, 49, 63, 64, 66, 68, 68, 72, 72, 75, 76, 81, 84, 88, 106
Next, it must be determined what the stems will represent and what the leaves will represent. Typically, the leaf contains the last digit of the number and the stem contains all of the other digits. In the case of very large numbers, the data values may be rounded to a particular place value (such as the hundreds place) that will be used for the leaves. The remaining digits to the left of the rounded place value are used as the stem.
In this example, the leaf represents the ones place and the stem will represent the rest of the number (tens place and higher).
The stem-and-leaf display is drawn with two columns separated by a vertical line. The stems are listed to the left of the vertical line. It is important that each stem is listed only once and that no numbers are skipped, even if it means that some stems have no leaves. The leaves are listed in increasing order in a row to the right of each stem.
It is important to note that when there is a repeated number in the data (such as two 72s) then the plot must reflect such (so the plot would look like 7 | 2 2 5 6 7 when it has the numbers 72 72 75 76 77).
Key:
Leaf unit: 1.0
Stem unit: 10.0
Rounding may be needed to create a stem-and-leaf display. Based on the following set of data, the stem plot be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SRM | SRM may refer to:
Organizations
Schoberer Rad Meßtechnik, a manufacturer of bicycle accessories
SRM University (disambiguation), several universities in India
In computing
srm (Unix), a secure file deletion tool for POSIX systems
Scalable Reliable Multicast, a framework for reliable multicast network protocols
Single Round Match, an online algorithm competition
Storage resource management, of a network
Structural risk minimization, in machine learning
System Reference Manual firmware, for DEC Alpha-based computers
Security & risk management
In technology
Solar radiation management (or solar radiation modification), the solar geoengineering technique
Switched reluctance motor, a synchronous electric motor
In chemistry
SRM Engine Suite, software for simulating chemical combustion within IC engines
Selected reaction monitoring, a method for targeted, mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics
Selective receptor modulator, a type of drug
Specified risk material, animal tissue that may transmit specific diseases
Standard Reference Method, used to measure the relative darkness of a beer
Standard Reference Material, a certified reference material that satisfies NIST-specific criteria
Other
Supplier relationship management
Single Resolution Mechanism of the EU's banking union
Wright SRM, a double-decker bus body manufactured by Wrightbus in Northern Ireland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayparting | In broadcast programming, dayparting is the practice of dividing the broadcast day into several parts, in which a different type of radio programming or television show appropriate for that time period is aired. Television programs are most often geared toward a particular demography, and what the target audience typically engages in at that time.
North America
On radio
Nielsen Audio (known as Arbitron until it merged with Nielsen Holdings in 2013), the leading audience measurement service in the United States, divides a weekday into five dayparts: morning drive time (6:00–10:00 a.m.), midday (10:00 a.m.–3:00 p.m.), afternoon drive (3:00–7:00 p.m.), evenings (7:00 p.m.–midnight) and overnight (midnight–6:00 a.m.).
In radio broadcasting through most of the 1990s, dayparting was also used for censorship purposes. Many songs that were deemed unsuitable for young listeners were played only during the late evening or overnight hours, when children were presumably asleep. Even today, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) dictates less stringent decency requirements for programming aired between the hours of 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. local time.
The drive time dayparts coincide with rush hour; these dayparts are traditionally the most listened-to portions of the schedule, since these are the times when most people are in their cars, where vehicle audio remain nearly ubiquitous. Most stations (both talk and music) air local programming in one or both drive time slots. The midday, or "at work" slot, has in recent years become particularly prone to voice-tracking, as large station ownership groups cut costs and use supposedly local DJs at multiple stations (often in different time zones). Music stations often are careful not to repeat songs during the midday shift, as they generally have a captive audience, and will often use "9 to 5 No Repeat Workdays" and all-request or specialty lunch hours to lure listeners and air a broader variety of music. Evenings are a popular time for syndicated programs, while overnights are generally automated, either with or without a voice-tracked DJ, though there are a few niche programs that target special audiences in the overnight and early morning hours (Coast to Coast AM, Red Eye Radio and The National Farm Report, among them). On weekends, music stations often air syndicated programming, without regard to time slots (though Saturday nights often remain live with either local or syndicated hosts, especially on oldies and country music stations, to take requests) and talk stations air niche network shows or brokered programming. Religious programming often airs on Sunday mornings.
In talk radio, where voice tracking is impossible and syndicated content is live and national, these lines blur somewhat. The Rush Limbaugh Show aired in a time slot that is in midday in all time zones, but other than that and overnight shows such as Coast to Coast AM, a show that airs in a slot corresponding to afternoon drive time i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20qubit | In quantum computing, a charge qubit (also known as Cooper-pair box) is a qubit whose basis states are charge states (i.e. states which represent the presence or absence of excess Cooper pairs in the island). In superconducting quantum computing, a charge qubit is formed by a tiny superconducting island coupled by a Josephson junction (or practically, superconducting tunnel junction) to a superconducting reservoir (see figure). The state of the qubit is determined by the number of Cooper pairs that have tunneled across the junction. In contrast with the charge state of an atomic or molecular ion, the charge states of such an "island" involve a macroscopic number of conduction electrons of the island. The quantum superposition of charge states can be achieved by tuning the gate voltage U that controls the chemical potential of the island. The charge qubit is typically read-out by electrostatically coupling the island to an extremely sensitive electrometer such as the radio-frequency single-electron transistor.
Typical T2 coherence times for a charge qubit are on the order of 1–2 μs. Recent work has shown T2 times approaching 100 μs using a type of charge qubit known as a transmon inside a three-dimensional superconducting cavity. Understanding the limits of T2 is an active area of research in the field of superconducting quantum computing.
Fabrication
Charge qubits are fabricated using techniques similar to those used for microelectronics. The devices are usually made on silicon or sapphire wafers using electron beam lithography (different from phase qubit, which uses photolithography) and metallic thin film evaporation processes. To create Josephson junctions, a technique known as shadow evaporation is normally used; this involves evaporating the source metal alternately at two angles through the lithography defined mask in the electron beam resist. This results in two overlapping layers of the superconducting metal, in between which a thin layer of insulator (normally aluminum oxide) is deposited.
Hamiltonian
If the Josephson junction has a junction capacitance , and the gate capacitor , then the charging (Coulomb) energy of one Cooper pair is:
If denotes the number of excess Cooper pairs in the island (i.e. its net charge is ), then the Hamiltonian is:
where is a control parameter known as effective offset charge ( is the gate voltage), and the Josephson energy of the tunneling junction.
At low temperature and low gate voltage, one can limit the analysis to only the lowest and states, and therefore obtain a two-level quantum system (a.k.a. qubit).
Note that some recent papers adopt a different notation, and define the charging energy as that of one electron:
and then the corresponding Hamiltonian is:
Benefits
To-date, the realizations of qubits that have had the most success are ion traps and NMR, with Shor's algorithm even being implemented using NMR. However, it is hard to see these two methods being scaled to the hundreds, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallpaper%20%28computing%29 | A wallpaper or background (also known as a desktop background, desktop picture or desktop image on computers) is a digital image (photo, drawing etc.) used as a decorative background of a graphical user interface on the screen of a computer, smartphone or other electronic device. On a computer, wallpapers are generally used on the desktop, while on a mobile phone they serve as the background for the home screen. Though most devices include a default background image, modern devices usually allow users to manually change the background image.
The term "wallpaper" was used in Microsoft Windows before Windows XP (where it is called the "desktop background"), while macOS refers to it as "desktop picture". On older systems which allowed small repeated patterns to be set as background images, the term desktop pattern was used.
History
The X Window System was one of the earliest systems to include support for an arbitrary image as wallpaper via the xsetroot program, which at least as early as the X10R3 release in 1985 could tile the screen with any solid color or any binary-image X BitMap file. In 1989, a free software program called was released that allowed an arbitrary color GIF image to be used as wallpaper, and in the same year the free xloadimage program was released which could display a variety of image formats (including color images in Sun Rasterfile format) as the desktop background. Subsequently, a number of programs were released that added wallpaper support for additional image formats and other features, such as the xpmroot program (released in 1993 as part of fvwm) and the xv software (released in 1994).
The original Macintosh operating system only allowed a selection of 8×8-pixel binary-image tiled patterns; the ability to use small color patterns was added in System 5 in 1987. Mac OS 8 in 1997 was the first Macintosh version to include built-in support for using arbitrary images as desktop pictures, rather than small repeating patterns.
Windows 3.0 in 1990 was the first version of Microsoft Windows to feature support for wallpaper customization, and used the term "wallpaper" for this feature. Although Windows 3.0 only came with 7 small patterns (2 black-and-white and 5 16-color), the user could supply other images in the BMP file format with up to 8-bit color (although the system was theoretically capable of handling 24-bit color images, it did so by dithering them to an 8-bit palette) to provide similar wallpaper features otherwise lacking in those systems. A wallpaper feature was added in a beta release of OS/2 2.0 in 1991.
Due to the widespread use of personal computers, some wallpapers have become immensely recognizable and gained iconic cultural status. Bliss, the default wallpaper of Windows XP, has become the most viewed photograph of the 2000s.
Animated backgrounds
Animated backgrounds (sometimes referred to as live backgrounds or dynamic backgrounds) refers to wallpapers which feature a moving image or a 2D / 3D sce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicktoons%20Film%20Festival | The Nicktoons Film Festival (also known as the Nicktoons Network Animation Festival) was an annual event that was created by producer Fred Seibert and produced for its first three years by his Frederator Studios.
The festival featured a selection of animated shorts (10 minutes and under) from around the world. Shorts selected for the festival had the chance to be aired on Nicktoons Network, online and to be showcased at a live event in Los Angeles in October. Several prizes were awarded each year. Animators under 18 years old were eligible to enter the Greater Creator Contest. The 2009 season was the final season of the festival.
Winners
2004 winners
Grand Prize: Timmy's Lessons In Nature by Mark Simon and Travis Blaise
2005 winners
Grand Prize: La Révolution des Crabes by Arthur DePins
Producers' Choice: The Naïve Man from Lolliland by J. G. Quintel (basis for Regular Show)
Student Animator: The Naïve Man from Lolliland by J. G. Quintel
Viewers' Choice: Farm Force by Project Firefly
2006 winners
Grand Prize: The Ballad of Sheep 13 by Kyle McQueen
Producers' Choice: Super Scout by Amy Poehler (basis for The Mighty B!)
Student Animator: Animation Test Pilot by Brad Kinley
Viewers' Choice: Sinking Margot by Julie Bergman
2007 winners
Grand Prize: Zoologic by Nicole Mitchell
Grand Jury: Zoologic by Nicole Mitchell
Producers' Choice: St. Laleeloo by Jiwook Kim
Diversity Award: Feb. 18, 2005 by Javier Barboza
Student Animator: Bare by Andy Lyon
Viewers' Choice: After Oz' by Percy Kiyabu
Episodes
Season 1 (The Nicktoons Film Festival 2004)
This featured the original theme song by Bruce W. Kapler from Timber House, inc.
(81 short films in 12 episodes)
Charlie & Chunk (Stop-frame, Clay animation)
Timmy's Lessons in Nature (Traditional 2D)
It Could Be Worse (Traditional 2D)
Childhood Trauma #17 (CG animation, created in Softimage: XSI)
Lucky Penny (Traditional 2D)
The Manly Bee (Traditional 2D)
Day Off the Dead (CG animation)
April (Traditional 2D)
The Thing with No Head (Traditional 2D)
Rotting Hills: Clark's New Home (Animated in Flash)
Jack & Jill (CG, animated in Alias' Maya Software)
Attack of the Note Sheep (Traditional 2D, composited with live-action footage)
At Wit's Vend (CG animation, completed in Alias' Maya software)
The 9th Life of Sherman Phelps: Serenity Now (Animated in Flash)
Boing Boing (CG using Alias' Maya software)
Scout Says (Traditional 2D with digital color)
Magnetism (Animated in Alias' Maya software with Adobe Photoshop and After Effects)
Atomic Love (Traditional 2D with 3D elements)
Birdon (CG animation)
Ape Escape, Part I (CG animation)
Winged Devices (CG animation)
Miracle Koala: Belt for Punishment (Animated in Flash)
Sucker (3D created in Alias' Maya software)
Monkey Fuss (2D using Adobe Premier, Photoshop, and After Effects)
Bert (CG with 2D textures)
Heads, You Lose! (CG animation)
Manbird (Animated from Flash to QuickTime)
Monstories: Fine Diners (2D & 3D Mix)
Interrog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberduck | Cyberduck is an open-source client for FTP and SFTP, WebDAV, and cloud storage (OpenStack Swift, Amazon S3, Backblaze B2 and Microsoft Azure), available for macOS and Windows (as of version 4.0) licensed under the GPL. Cyberduck is written in Java and C# using the Cocoa user interface framework on macOS and Windows Forms on Windows. It supports FTP/TLS (FTP secured over SSL/TLS), using AUTH TLS as well as directory synchronization. The user interacts with the user interface (GUI), including file transfer by drag and drop and notifications via Growl. It is also able to open some files in external text editors.
Cyberduck includes a bookmark manager and supports Apple's Keychain and Bonjour networking. It supports multiple languages including English, Catalan, Czech, Chinese (Traditional and Simplified), Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Indonesian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, and Welsh.
Cyberduck CLI
The Cyberduck creator also provides a version for the command-line interface (CLI), called duck, available for Windows, macOS and Linux. It has its own website at duck.sh. The program can be used as FTP and SFTP-client, for operations with different cloud services.
See also
Comparison of FTP client software
References
External links
Portable Cyberduck — packaged as portable application for external drive. (Mac only)
First Look: Cyberduck 3 is a great, free FTP client for Mac
How to mount almost any remote drive in your Mac’s Finder
Free FTP clients
SSH File Transfer Protocol clients
MacOS Internet software
Data synchronization
MacOS-only free software
Cloud storage |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 1st Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Tuesday, May 28, 1974, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1973). It was hosted by Barbara Walters and Peter Marshall at the Rockefeller Plaza in New York City and televised on NBC. They were introduced to the stage by game and variety show host Garry Moore. Broadcast from 12-1:30 p.m. EST, the telecast preempted Jackpot, Celebrity Sweepstakes and local programming. For the first and only time, the Daytime Emmy Awards aired on the same day as the Primetime Emmy Awards, broadcast that evening on NBC.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Drama Series
Days of Our Lives
The Doctors
General Hospital
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Macdonald Carey (Dr. Tom Horton, Days of our Lives)
John Beradino (Dr. Steve Hardy, General Hospital)
Peter Hansen (Lee Baldwin, General Hospital)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Mary Fickett (Ruth Martin, All My Children)
Elizabeth Hubbard (Dr. Althea Davis, The Doctors)
Rachel Ames (Audrey Hardy, General Hospital)
Mary Stuart (Joanne Gardner, Search for Tomorrow)
Best Actress in Daytime Drama - For a Special Program
Eve Arden (The ABC Afternoon Playbreak - episode "Mother of the Bride")
Best Individual Director for a Game Show
Jerome Shaw (The Hollywood Squares)
Best Individual Director for a Daytime Drama
Wes Kenny (Days of our Lives)
Norman Hall (The Doctors)
Best Writing for a Game Show
Jay Redack, Harry Friedman, Harold Schneider, Gary Johnson, Steve Levitch, Rick Kellard, Rowby Goren (The Hollywood Squares)
Best Writing for a Drama Series
Henry Slesar (The Edge of Night)
Frank Hursley, Doris Hursley, Bridget Dobson, and Deborah Hardy (General Hospital)
Eileen Pollock, Robert Mason Pollock, and James Lipton (The Doctors)
Best Host or Hostess in a Talk, Service, or Variety Series
Dinah Shore (Dinah's Place, NBC)
Best Host or Hostess in a Game Show
Peter Marshall (Hollywood Squares)
Monty Hall (Let's Make a Deal)
Outstanding Game Show
Password
Let's Make a Deal
Hollywood Squares
Outstanding Entertainment - Children's Series
Zoom - Jim Crum, Christopher Sarson; PBS
Captain Kangaroo - James Kramer (executive producer), Jim Hirschfeld (producer); CBS
Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids - Norm Prescott, Lou Scheimer (producers); CBS
Star Trek: The Animated Series - Lou Scheimer, Norm Prescott (producers); NBC
References
001
D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 2nd Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, May 15, 1975, and broadcast on ABC to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1974). The event was hosted by Monty Hall and Stephanie Edwards. It was uniquely held on board the S.S. Dayliner in the Hudson River between New York City and New Jersey. It had cast off from New York's Pier 81 with 600 invited guests being accommodated for a luncheon before the awards telecast between 1:30-3 p.m. Eastern Daylight Time. The telecast preempted Let's Make a Deal, The $10,000 Pyramid and The Big Showdown.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
Another World
Days of Our Lives
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Macdonald Carey (Dr. Tom Horton, Days of our Lives)
Bill Hayes (Doug Williams, Days of our Lives)
John Beradino (Dr. Steve Hardy, General Hospital)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Ruth Warrick (Phoebe Tyler, All My Children)
Susan Flannery (Laura Spencer, Days of our Lives)
Susan Seaforth (Julie Olson, Days of our Lives)
Rachel Ames (Audrey Hardy, General Hospital)
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Special
Bradford Dillman (The ABC Afternoon Playbreak - episode "Last Bride of Salem" (#2.6))
Best Actress in a Daytime Drama Special
Kay Lenz (The ABC Afternoon Playbreak)
Diane Baker (The ABC Afternoon Playbreak)
Julie Kavner (The ABC Afternoon Playbreak)
Outstanding Individual Director in a Daytime Drama Series
Ira Cirker (Another World)
Joseph Behar (Days of our Lives)
Richard Dunlap (The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Another World
Days of our Lives
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Daytime Drama Special
The ABC Afternoon Playbreak: Ira Barmak (executive producer); Lila Garrett (producer); ABC - for episode "The Girl Who Couldn't Lose".
The ABC Afternoon Playbreak: Robert Michael Lewis(executive producer); George Paris (producer); ABC - for episode "The Last Bride of Salem".
Outstanding Game or Audience Participation Show
The Hollywood Squares - Heatter & Quigley; NBC
Jeopardy! - Robert Rudin; NBC
The $10,000 Pyramid - Bob Stewart; ABC
Let's Make a Deal - Stefan Hatos; ABC
Outstanding Host in a Game Show or Audience Participation Show
Peter Marshall (Hollywood Squares, NBC)
Gene Rayburn (Match Game '73, CBS)
Monty Hall (Let's Make a Deal, ABC)
Outstanding Entertainment - Children's Series
Star Trek: The Animated Series - Lou Scheimer, Norm Prescott (producers); NBC
Captain Kangaroo - Jim Hirschfeld (producer); CBS
The Pink Panther Show - Friz Freleng (producer); NBC
References
002
1975 television awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 3rd Daytime Emmy Awards were held Tuesday, May 11, 1976 to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1975). The third awards only had three categories, and thus three awards were given. Hosted by Bob Barker, the telecast aired from 3-4:30 p.m. EST on CBS and preempted reruns of All in the Family, plus Match Game and Tattletales.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Another World
Days of Our Lives
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Macdonald Carey (Dr. Tom Horton, Days of our Lives)
Bill Hayes (Doug Williams, Days of our Lives)
John Beradino (Dr. Steve Hardy, General Hospital)
Shepperd Strudwick (Victor Lord, One Life to Live)
Larry Haines (Stu Bergman, Search for Tomorrow)
Michael Nouri (Steve Kaslo, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Frances Heflin (Mona Kane, All My Children)
Susan Seaforth Hayes (Julie Olson, Days of Our Lives)
Denise Alexander (Dr. Lesley Williams Faulkner, General Hospital)
Helen Gallagher (Maeve Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Mary Stuart (Joanne Vincente, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
All My Children
The Edge of Night
Guiding Light
The Young and the Restless
Days of our Lives
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
The Doctors
One Life to Live
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Game Show
The $20,000 Pyramid - A Bob Stewart Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for CBS (Syn. by Viacom)
Match Game - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for CBS (Syn. by Jim Victory)
Hollywood Squares - A Heatter-Quigley Production for NBC (Syn. by Filmways)
Let's Make a Deal - A Stefan Hatos-Monty Hall Production for ABC (Syn. by WorldVision)
Outstanding Game Show Host
Allen Ludden (Password)
Peter Marshall (Hollywood Squares)
Geoff Edwards (Jackpot)
References
003
D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 4th Daytime Emmy Awards were held Thursday, May 12, 1977, on NBC to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1976). The live coverage held from Tavern on the Green restaurant in Central Park, New York. The fourth awards only had three categories, and thus three awards were given. Hosts were Peter Marshall, Chuck Woolery, Victoria Wyndham, Jack Gilford, and Soupy Sales with a special guest appearance by Gilda Radner of Saturday Night Live. Telecast from 3-4:30 p.m., the awards preempted Another World and The Gong Show.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Another World
Days of Our Lives
The Edge of Night
Ryan's Hope
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Larry Keith (Nick Davis, All My Children)
James Pritchett (Dr. Matt Powers, The Doctors)
Farley Granger (Dr. Will Vernon, One Life to Live)
Val Dufour (John Wyatt, Search for Tomorrow)
Larry Haines (Stu Bergman, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Ruth Warrick (Phoebe Tyler, All My Children)
Beverlee McKinsey (Iris Carrington, Another World)
Nancy Addison (Jill Coleridge, Ryan's Hope)
Helen Gallagher (Maeve Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Mary Stuart (Joanne Vincente, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
All My Children
Ryan's Hope
As the World Turns
Another World
Days of our Lives
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
Another World
Days of our Lives
As the World Turns
Ryan's Hope
The Edge of Night
Outstanding Game Show
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
The $20,000 Pyramid - A Bob Stewart Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
The Hollywood Squares - A Heatter-Quigley Production for NBC (Syn. by Filmways)
Match Game - A Mark-Goodson-Bill Todman Production for CBS (Syn. by Jim Victory)
Tattletales - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for CBS (Syn. by Firestone)
Outstanding Game Show Host
Bert Convy (Tattletales)
Dick Clark (The $20,000 Pyramid)
Gene Rayburn (Match Game)
References
004
D |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 5th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Wednesday, June 7, 1978, on ABC, to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from the previous year (1977). The awards were hosted by Family Feud host Richard Dawson, who also won an award for best game show host. Airing from 3 to 4:30 p.m. EST, the telecast preempted General Hospital and The Edge of Night.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
Ryan's Hope
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Matthew Cowles (Billy Clyde Tuggle, All My Children)
Lawrence Keith (Nick Davis, All My Children)
James Pritchett (Dr. Matt Powers, The Doctors)
Michael Storm (Dr. Larry Wolek, One Life to Live)
Michael Levin (Jack Fenelli, Ryan's Hope)
Andrew Robinson (Frank Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Mary Fickett (Ruth Martin, All My Children)
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Laurie Heineman (Sharlene Frame, Another World)
Beverlee McKinsey (Iris Carrington, Another World)
Victoria Wyndham (Rachel Davis, Another World)
Susan Seaforth Hayes (Julie Olson, Days of our Lives)
Jennifer Harmon (Cathy Craig, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Guiding Light
Days of our Lives
All My Children
Ryan's Hope
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
Another World
Days of our Lives
Ryan's Hope
As the World Turns
Love of Life
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Game or Audience Participation Show
The Hollywood Squares - A Heatter-Quigley Production for NBC
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for ABC
The $20,000 Pyramid - A Bob Stewart Production for ABC
Outstanding Host or Hostess in a Game or Audience Participation Show
Richard Dawson (Family Feud)
Dick Clark (The $20,000 Pyramid)
Peter Marshall (The Hollywood Squares)
Chuck Woolery (Wheel of Fortune)
Susan Stafford (Wheel of Fortune)
Outstanding Host or Hostess in a Talk, Service or Variety Series
Phil Donahue (Donahue)
Dinah Shore (Dinah!)
External links
IMDb
005
1978 television awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 6th Daytime Emmy Awards were held in 1979 to commemorate excellence in American daytime programming from the previous year (1978). The 1979 Emmy awards introduced the supporting actor and actress categories, meaning that five awards were given out that year, a first in the awards show's history. The outstanding individual achievement in technical and design excellence for daytime drama series category made its debut also (which includes video, audio, music, lighting, art and scenic directors, designers, makeup artists, hair dressers, graphic and title sequence designers).
The ceremony was telecast at 3 p.m. Thursday, May 17 on CBS. Guiding Light, normally scheduled for 2:30-3:30 p.m., aired a half-hour episode. Love of Life, normally scheduled for 4 p.m., was preempted.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
Ryan's Hope
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Nicholas Benedict (Phil Brent, All My Children)
Jed Allan (Don Craig, Days of our Lives)
John Clarke (Mickey Horton, Days of our Lives)
Joel Crothers (Dr. Miles Cavanaugh, The Edge of Night)
Al Freeman, Jr. (Ed Hall, One Life to Live)
Michael Levin (Jack Fenelli, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Irene Dailey (Liz Matthews, Another World)
Beverlee McKinsey (Iris Carrington, Another World)
Victoria Wyndham (Rachel Cory, Another World)
Susan Seaforth Hayes (Julie Williams, Days of Our Lives)
Nancy Addison (Jill Coleridge, Ryan's Hope)
Helen Gallagher (Maeve Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Joseph Gallison (Dr. Neil Curtis, Days of Our Lives)
Mandel Kramer (Bill Marceau, The Edge of Night)
Peter Hansen (Lee Baldwin, General Hospital)
Bernard Barrow (Johnny Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Ron Hale (Dr. Roger Coleridge, Ryan's Hope)
Lewis Arlt (David Sutton, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Frances Reid (Alice Horton, Days of Our Lives)
Suzanne Rogers (Maggie Horton, Days of Our Lives)
Lois Kibbee (Geraldine Whitney, The Edge of Night)
Rachel Ames (Audrey March, General Hospital)
Susan Brown (Dr. Gail Adamson Baldwin, General Hospital)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Days of our Lives
The Young and the Restless
All My Children
Ryan's Hope
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
Ryan's Hope
The Edge of Night
Another World
Days of our Lives
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Game Show
Hollywood Squares - A Heatter-Quigley Production for NBC
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for ABC
The $20,000 Pyramid - A Bob Stewart Production for ABC
Outstanding Game Show Host
Dick Clark (The $20,000 Pyramid)
Bob Barker (The Price Is Right) (Disqualified. A submitted episode aired after cutoff date.)
Peter Marshall (Hollywood Squares)
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 7th Daytime Emmy Awards were held in 1980 to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1979). The seventh awards included a cameo appearance category, giving an award to a memorable soap cameo. Six awards were given.
The ceremony was telecast at 2:30 p.m. Wednesday, June 4 on NBC. It preempted Another World, which was a 90-minute program at the time.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Another World
Guiding Light
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
William Mooney (Paul Martin, All My Children)
Douglass Watson (Mac Cory, Another World)
Franc Luz (Dr. John Bennett, The Doctors)
John Gabriel (Dr. Seneca Beaulac, Ryan's Hope)
Michael Levin (Jack Fenelli, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Julia Barr (Brooke English, All My Children)
Kathleen Noone (Ellen Dalton, All My Children)
Beverlee McKinsey (Iris Carrington, Another World)
Kim Hunter (Nola Madison / Martha Cory), The Edge of Night)
Leslie Charleson (Dr. Monica Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Judith Light (Karen Wolek, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Warren Burton (Eddie Dorrance, All My Children)
Julius LaRosa (Renaldo, Another World)
Vasili Bogazianos (Mickey Dials, The Edge of Night)
Shepperd Strudwick (Professor Timothy McCauley, Love of Life)
Ron Hale (Dr. Roger Coleridge, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Francesca James (Kelly Cole Tyler, All My Children)
Deidre Hall (Dr. Marlena Evans, Days of Our Lives)
Lois Kibbee (Geraldine Whitney Saxon, The Edge of Night)
Elaine Lee (Mildred Trumble, The Doctors)
Valerie Mahaffey (Ashley Bennett, The Doctors)
Louise Shaffer (Rae Woodard, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Cameo Appearance in a Daytime Drama Series
Eli Mintz (Locksmith, All My Children)
Hugh McPhillips (Hugh Pearson, Days of our Lives)
Kathryn Harrow (Pat Reyerson, The Doctors)
Sammy Davis, Jr. (Chip Warren, One Life to Live)
Joan Fontaine (Page Williams, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
All My Children: Agnes Nixon; Wisner Washam; Jack Wood; Caroline Franz; Mary K. Wells; Cathy Chicos; Clarice Blackburn; Anita Jaffe; Kenneth Harvey
One Life to Live: Gordon Russell; Sam Hall; Peggy O'Shea; Don Wallace; Lanie Bertram; Cynthia Benjamin; Marisa Gioffre
Ryan's Hope: Claire Labine; Paul Avila Mayer; Mary Munisteri; Judith Pinsker; Jeffrey Lane
The Edge of Night: Henry Slesar; Steve Lehrman
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children: Henry Kaplan; Jack Coffey; Sherrell Hoffman; Jørn Winther
General Hospital: Marlene Laird; Alan Pultz; Phil Sogard
The Edge of Night: John Sedwick; Richard Pepperman
Ryan's Hope: Lela Swift; Jerry Evans
Another World: Ira Cirker; Melvin Bernhardt; Robert Calhoun; Barnet Kellman; Jack Hofsiss; Andrew D. Weyman
Love of Life: Larry Auerbach; Robert Scinto
Outstanding Game |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Record%20linkage | Record linkage (also known as data matching, data linkage, entity resolution, and many other terms) is the task of finding records in a data set that refer to the same entity across different data sources (e.g., data files, books, websites, and databases). Record linkage is necessary when joining different data sets based on entities that may or may not share a common identifier (e.g., database key, URI, National identification number), which may be due to differences in record shape, storage location, or curator style or preference. A data set that has undergone RL-oriented reconciliation may be referred to as being cross-linked.
Naming conventions
"Record linkage" is the term used by statisticians, epidemiologists, and historians, among others, to describe the process of joining records from one data source with another that describe the same entity. However, many other terms are used for this process. Unfortunately, this profusion of terminology has led to few cross-references between these research communities.
Computer scientists often refer to it as "data matching" or as the "object identity problem". Commercial mail and database applications refer to it as "merge/purge processing" or "list washing". Other names used to describe the same concept include: "coreference/entity/identity/name/record resolution", "entity disambiguation/linking", "fuzzy matching", "duplicate detection", "deduplication", "record matching", "(reference) reconciliation", "object identification", "data/information integration" and "conflation".
While they share similar names, record linkage and Linked Data are two separate approaches to processing and structuring data. Although both involve identifying matching entities across different data sets, record linkage standardly equates "entities" with human individuals; by contrast, Linked Data is based on the possibility of interlinking any web resource across data sets, using a correspondingly broader concept of identifier, namely a URI.
History
The initial idea of record linkage goes back to Halbert L. Dunn in his 1946 article titled "Record Linkage" published in the American Journal of Public Health.
Howard Borden Newcombe then laid the probabilistic foundations of modern record linkage theory in a 1959 article in Science. These were formalized in 1969 by Ivan Fellegi and Alan Sunter, in their pioneering work "A Theory For Record Linkage", where they proved that the probabilistic decision rule they described was optimal when the comparison attributes were conditionally independent. In their work they recognized the growing interest in applying advances in computing and automation to large collections of administrative data, and the Fellegi-Sunter theory remains the mathematical foundation for many record linkage applications.
Since the late 1990s, various machine learning techniques have been developed that can, under favorable conditions, be used to estimate the conditional probabilities required by the Fell |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOS/V | DOS/V is a Japanese computing initiative starting in 1990 to allow DOS on IBM PC compatibles with VGA cards to handle double-byte (DBCS) Japanese text via software alone. It was initially developed from PC DOS by IBM for its PS/55 machines (a localized version of the PS/2), but IBM gave the driver source code to Microsoft, who then licensed a DOS/V-compatible version of MS-DOS to other companies. Kanji fonts and other locale information are stored on the hard disk rather than on special chips as in the preceding AX architecture. As with AX, its great value for the Japanese computing industry is in allowing compatibility with foreign software. This had not been possible under NEC's proprietary PC-98 system, which was the market leader before DOS/V emerged. DOS/V stands for "Disk Operating System/VGA" (not "version 5"; DOS/V came out at approximately the same time as DOS 5). In Japan, IBM compatible PCs became popular along with DOS/V, so they are often referred to as "DOS/V machine" or "DOS/V pasocom" even though DOS/V operating systems are no longer common.
The promotion of DOS/V was done by IBM and its consortium called PC Open Architecture Developers' Group (OADG).
Digital Research released a Japanese DOS/V-compatible version of DR DOS 6.0 in 1992.
History
In the early 1980s, IBM Japan developed two x86-based personal computer lines for the Asia-Pacific region, IBM 5550 and IBM JX. The 5550 reads Kanji fonts from the disk, and draws text as graphic characters on 1024×768 high resolution monitor. The JX extends IBM PCjr and IBM PC architecture. It supports English and Japanese versions of PC DOS with 720×512 resolution monitor. Both machines couldn't break dominant NEC's PC-98 in consumer market in Japan. Because the 5550 was expensive, it was mostly sold for large enterprises who used IBM's mainframe. The JX used 8088 processor instead of faster 8086 processor because IBM thought a consumer-class JX mustn't surpass a business-class 5550. It damaged buyer's reputations whatever the actual speed was. In another point, a software company said IBM was uncooperative for developing JX software. IBM Japan planned a 100% PC/AT compatible machine codenamed "JX2", but cancelled it in 1986.
Masahiko Hatori was a developer of JX's DOS. Through the development of JX, he learned the skills needed to localize an English computer into Japanese. In 1987, he started developing the DOS/V during spare time at IBM Yamato Development Laboratory. He thought the 480-line mode of VGA and a processor as fast as the 80386 would realize his idea, but they were expensive hardwares as of 1987. In this era, Toshiba released the J-3100 laptop computer, and Microsoft introduced the AX architecture. IBM Japan didn't join in the AX consortium. His boss, Tsutomu Maruyama , thought IBM's headquarters wouldn't allow to adopt the AX because they requested IBM Japan to use the same standard as worldwide IBM offices used. In October 1987, IBM Japan released the PS/55 Model 5535 w |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice%20League%20Unlimited | Justice League Unlimited (JLU) is an American superhero animated television series that was produced by Warner Bros. Animation and aired on Cartoon Network. Featuring a wide array of superheroes from the DC Comics universe, and specifically based on the Justice League superhero team, it is a direct sequel to the previous Justice League animated series and picks up around two years after it. JLU debuted on July 31, 2004, on Toonami and ended on May 13, 2006.
It is the eighth and final series of the DC Animated Universe, serving as the conclusion to a shared universe which began with Batman: The Animated Series. Notably, it is the most continuity heavy show of the DC Animated Universe, and weaves together characters and plot lines from past series. Justice League Unlimited received critical acclaim.
Overview
According to producer Bruce Timm, the series finale of Justice League, "Starcrossed", was possibly meant to be the final episode of the series; however, Cartoon Network ordered the production of season 3 and 4. The network wanted the show to be rebranded, including changing the episode format, so instead of two-part episode stories, the standard half an hour format was used. Additionally, alongside the name change, the show features a greatly expanded League, in which the characters from the original series—now referred to as "founding members"—are joined by many other superheroes from the DC Universe; in the first episode, well over 50 characters appear. A number of these were heroes who had made guest appearances in Justice League, but many heroes and other characters made their first animated appearances in this series. The general format of each episode is to have a small team assemble to deal with a particular situation, with a focus on both action and character interaction. This extension of the Justice League was originally planned to be explained in a planned direct-to-video feature film, but the project never materialized.
Production
Justice League Unlimited features both episodic and serialized episodes, the first major overarching story arc involves the growing conflict between the League and a secret government agency known as Project Cadmus. This plot line builds upon events that occurred during the second season of Justice League (which in turn built upon events in Batman: The Animated Series, Superman: The Animated Series, Batman Beyond, Static Shock, and The Zeta Project), and would go on to affect the plotlines of most of its episodes. It was resolved in a four-part story at the end of the second season of Justice League Unlimited.
The third and final season story arc focuses on the new Secret Society (which is based on the Legion of Doom of the Challenge of the Superfriends season of Super Friends), a loose-knit organization formed to combat the increased superhero coordination of the first season. Towards the end of the series, certain characters became off-limits to the show, particularly characters associated with Batma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 8th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, May 21, 1981, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from March 6, 1980 to March 5, 1981. The eighth awards did not include the cameo category from the previous year, so only five awards were given, like in previous years.
The ceremony was telecast from 3 to 4:30 p.m. on ABC, preempting General Hospital and The Edge of Night.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
General Hospital
Ryan's Hope
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Douglass Watson (Mac Cory, Another World)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Henderson Forsythe (David Stewart, As the World Turns)
Anthony Geary (Luke Spencer, General Hospital)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Julia Barr (Brooke English, All My Children)
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Judith Light (Karen Wolek, One Life to Live)
Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord, One Life to Live)
Helen Gallagher (Maeve Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Matthew Cowles (Billy Clyde Tuggle, All My Children)
William Mooney (Paul Martin, All My Children)
Justin Deas (Tom Hughes, As the World Turns)
Richard Backus (Barry Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Larry Haines (Stu Bergman, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Elizabeth Lawrence, (Myra Sloane, All My Children)
Lois Kibbee, (Geraldine Whitney Saxon, The Edge of Night)
Jane Elliot (Tracy Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Randall Edwards (Delia Ryan, Ryan's Hope)
Jacklyn Zeman (Bobbie Spencer, General Hospital)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Guiding Light: Douglas Marland, Robert Dwywer, Nancy Franklin & Harding Lemay All My Children: Agnes Nixon, Wisner Washam, Jack Wood
General Hospital
One Life to Live
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
General Hospital
One Life to Live
Outstanding Game Show
The $20,000 Pyramid – A Bob Stewart Production for ABC
Family Feud – A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for ABC
The Hollywood Squares – A Heatter-Quigley Production for NBC
Outstanding Game Show Host
Peter Marshall (The Hollywood Squares)
Dick Clark (The $20,000 Pyramid)
Richard Dawson (Family Feud)
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digicel | Digicel is a Jamaican and Caribbean mobile phone network and home entertainment provider operating in 25 markets worldwide.
Digicel has operated in several countries, including Guyana, Fiji, Haiti, Trinidad and Tobago, Samoa, St. Lucia, Suriname, and Jamaica.
History
Digicel was founded in 2001 by Irish entrepreneur Denis O'Brien. The company launched in April 2001 in Jamaica. In March 2003, Digicel expanded to St. Lucia and St. Vincent. In 2005, Digicel purchased Cingular Wireless’ Caribbean and Bermudan operations.
In April 2006, Digicel launched its services in Trinidad and Tobago. In May 2006, Digicel began operations in Haïti. Between 2006 and 2008, Digicel expanded into the Central American mainland, as well as the Pacific. In September 2006, it acquired an unrelated mobile phone provider: Digicel Holdings in El Salvador.
In 2007, Digicel acquired U*Mobile in Guyana, and launched in Suriname in December.
OUR court rulings
In April 2002, Digicel received permission from Jamaica's then-minister of industry, commerce and technology, Phillip Paulwell, to disregard the interconnectivity fee ceiling issued by the Offices of Utilities Regulation (OUR). Following a judicial review, it was determined that Paulwell did not have the power to make this decision. Digicel appealed the ruling to the Jamaican Supreme Court in 2003 and won. OUR appealed the decision to the appellate court, which ruled Paulwell's decision was outside his powers and OUR didn't have to comply with Paulwell's directive. Digicel appealed to the Privy Council, Jamaica's final court of appeal, which upheld the appellate court's decision in 2007.
Digicel appealed the decision to the United Kingdom Privy Council. In January 2010, the Council ruled in favour of the OUR, meaning LIME (formerly Cable & Wireless Jamaica) was allowed to keep the J$340 million Digicel had been ordered to pay them by the Jamaican courts. In 2015, LIME's parent company acquired Columbus Communications and decided to adopt the brand name FLOW for its consumer-facing business, replacing the LIME name. As of May 2016, the LIME name was fully discontinued.
2010–present
Digicel Mobile Money, a mobile banking service, was launched in Fiji in July 2010. Also in 2010, Digicel launched TchoTcho, a cash app for money transfers to phones in Haiti. In 2011, Mobile Money in Fiji was expanded to allow transfers to and from Australia and New Zealand at no cost.
In February 2011, Digicel took a controlling stake in Netxar Technologies, a leading systems integrator in the Caribbean region. In March, Digicel announced that it was selling its operations in Honduras and El Salvador to Mexican telecom company América Móvil, and América Móvil was selling its operations in Jamaica to Digicel. In March 2012, Digicel acquired Comcel/Voila, its main competitor in Haiti.
In May 2012, the Tax Authority Jamaica (TAJ) visited Digicel's offices in New Kingston with an order from the Jamaican Supreme Court to look for data rega |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 9th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Friday, June 11, 1982, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1981). The telecast aired from 3-4:30 p.m. on CBS, preempting Guiding Light and Tattletales.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
General Hospital
Guiding Light
Ryan's Hope
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Richard Shoberg (Tom Cudahy, All My Children)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Stuart Damon (Alan Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Anthony Geary (Luke Spencer, General Hospital)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Ann Flood (Nancy Pollock, The Edge of Night)
Sharon Gabet (Raven Whitney, The Edge of Night)
Leslie Charleson (Monica Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Darnell Williams (Jesse Hubbard, All My Children)
David Lewis (Edward Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Douglas Sheehan (Joe Kelly, General Hospital)
Gerald Anthony (Marco Dane, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Elizabeth Lawrence (Myra Sloane, All My Children)
Dorothy Lyman (Opal Cortlandt, All My Children)
Meg Mundy (Mona Croft, The Doctors)
Louise Shaffer (Rae Woodward, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Guiding Light
All My Children
One Life to Live
The Edge of Night
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
General Hospital
One Life to Live
The Edge of Night
Outstanding Game Show
Password Plus - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for NBC
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Production for CBS
Wheel of Fortune - A Merv Griffin Production for NBC
Outstanding Game Show Host
Bob Barker (The Price Is Right)
Bill Cullen (Blockbusters)
Richard Dawson (Family Feud)
External links
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Daytime Emmy Awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 10th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Wednesday, June 8, 1983, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1982). Unlike previous years, the ceremony was not telecast, although NBC had the option to do so.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
General Hospital
One Life to Live
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Peter Bergman (Cliff Warner, All My Children)
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Stuart Damon (Alan Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Anthony Geary (Luke Spencer, General Hospital)
Robert S. Woods (Bo Buchanan, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Dorothy Lyman (Opal Cortlandt, All My Children)
Leslie Charleson (Monica Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Erika Slezak (Victoria Lord, One Life to Live)
Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Darnell Williams (Jesse Hubbard, All My Children)
Howard E. Rollins, Jr. (Ed Hardy, Another World)
David Lewis (Edward Quartermaine, General Hospital)
John Stamos (Blackie Parrish, General Hospital)
Anthony D. Call (Herb Callison, One Life to Live)
Al Freeman, Jr. (Ed Hall, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Kim Delaney (Jenny Gardner, All My Children)
Eileen Herlie (Myrtle Fargate, All My Children)
Marcy Walker (Liza Colby, All My Children)
Robin Mattson (Heather Webber, General Hospital)
Brynn Thayer (Jenny Wolek, One Life to Live)
Louise Shaffer (Rae Woodward, Ryan's Hope)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
All My Children General Hospital One Life to Live Ryan's HopeOutstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children General Hospital One Life to LiveOutstanding Game ShowThe $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob-Sande Stewart Production for CBSThe Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBSFamily Feud - A Mark Goodson Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
Outstanding Game Show Host or Hostess
Betty White (Just Men!)
Dick Clark (The $25,000 Pyramid)
Richard Dawson (Family Feud'')
Outstanding Children's Entertainment Series (Tie)
William Hanna, Joseph Barbera and Gerard Baldwin (The Smurfs)
Robert Keeshan and Jim Hirschfeld (Captain Kangaroo)
External links
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 11th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Wednesday, June 27, 1984, to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from the previous year (1983). Once again, the ceremony was not telecast.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
General Hospital
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Joel Crothers (Miles Cavanaugh, The Edge of Night)
Larkin Malloy (Schuyler Whitney, The Edge of Night)
Stuart Damon (Alan Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Terry Lester (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Deidre Hall (Marlena Evans, Days of Our Lives)
Ann Flood (Nancy Karr, The Edge of Night)
Sharon Gabet (Raven Whitney, The Edge of Night)
Erika Slezak (Victoria Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Louis Edmonds (Langley Wallingford, All My Children)
Paul Stevens (Brian Bancroft, Another World)
Justin Deas (Tom Hughes, As the World Turns)
David Lewis (Edward Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Anthony Call (Herb Callison, One Life to Live)
John Stamos (Blackie Parrish, General Hospital)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Eileen Herlie (Myrtle Fargate, All My Children)
Marcy Walker (Liza Colby, All My Children)
Lois Kibbee (Geraldine Whitney Saxon, The Edge of Night)
Loanne Bishop (Rose Kelly, General Hospital)
Judi Evans (Beth Raines, Guiding Light)
Christine Ebersole (Maxie McDermott, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Days of our Lives: Margaret DePriest, Leah Markus , Sheri Anderson, Maralyn Thoma, Michael Robert David, Susan Goldberg , Bob Hansen, Dana Soloff
All My Children
General Hospital
Ryan's Hope: Claire Labine; Paul Avila Mayer; Mary Munisteri; Judith Pinsker; Nancy Ford; B.K. PerlmanOutstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
One Life to Live
Outstanding Game Show
The $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob-Sande Stewart Production for CBS
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBS
Wheel of Fortune - A Merv Griffin Production for NBC (Syn. by KingWorld)
Outstanding Game Show Host/Hostess
Bob Barker (The Price Is Right)
Richard Dawson (Family Feud)
Betty White (Just Men!)
Outstanding Children's Entertainment Special
ABC Afterschool Specials - The Woman Who Willed a Miracle
Dick Clark (executive producer)
Sharron Miller (producer)
Outstanding Performer in Children's Programing
Cloris Leachman - ABC Afterschool Specials - The Woman Who Willed a Miracle
Outstanding Individual Direction in Children's Programming
Sharron Miller - ABC Afterschool Specials - The Woman Who Willed a Miracle
Outstanding Children's Entertainment Series (Tie)
William Hanna, Joseph Barbera and Gerard Baldwin (The Smurfs)
Robert K |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 12th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, August 1, 1985, on CBS to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from March 6, 1984 to March 5, 1985. Two new categories were added: Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series and Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series. Of the 13 categories (including Lifetime Achievement) available that year, the broadcast showed the presentation of awards in seven categories.
Broadcast from 3-4:30 p.m., it preempted Guiding Light and Body Language. The telecast marked the last time the Daytime Emmys would preempt any network programming airing at 4 p.m. EST.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
The Young and the Restless
All My Children
Days of Our Lives
General Hospital
Guiding Light
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
David Canary (Adam Chandler and Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
James Mitchell (Palmer Cortlandt, All My Children)
Darnell Williams (Jesse Hubbard, All My Children)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Terry Lester (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Gillian Spencer (Daisy Cortlandt, All My Children)
Deidre Hall (Marlena Evans, Days of Our Lives)Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne, Guiding Light)
Robin Strasser (Dorian Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Louis Edmonds (Langley Wallingford, All My Children)
Robert LuPone (Zach Grayson, All My Children)
David Lewis (Edward Quartermaine, General Hospital)Larry Gates (H.B. Lewis, Guiding Light)
Anthony Call (Herb Callison, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Eileen Herlie (Myrtle Fargate, All My Children)
Elizabeth Lawrence (Myra Sloane, All My Children)
Norma Connolly (Ruby Anderson, General Hospital)
Maeve Kinkead (Vanessa Chamberlain, Guiding Light)Beth Maitland (Traci Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series
Steve Caffrey (Andrew Cortlandt, All My Children)
Michael E. Knight (Tad Martin, All My Children)Brian Bloom (Dusty Donovan, As the World Turns)
Jack Wagner (Frisco Jones, General Hospital)
Michael O'Leary (Rick Bauer, Guiding Light)
Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama SeriesTracey E. Bregman (Lauren Fenmore Williams, The Young and the Restless)
Kristian Alfonso (Hope Williams, Days of Our Lives)
Melissa Leo (Linda Warner, All My Children)
Lisa Trusel (Melissa Anderson, Days of Our Lives)
Tasia Valenza (Dottie Thornton, All My Children)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
Another World
Days of our Lives
Guiding Light
All My ChildrenOutstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
All My Children
One Life to Live
As the World Turns
Guiding Light Days of our Lives
Outstanding Game ShowThe $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob-Sande Stewart Production for CBS
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
Jeopardy! - A Merv Griffin Production |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 13th Daytime Emmy Awards were held on Thursday, July 17, 1986, on NBC to commemorate excellence in daytime programming from March 6, 1985 to March 5, 1986. The telecast, lasting from 3-4:30 p.m., preempted Santa Barbara.
Winners in each category are in bold.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series
All My Children
As the World Turns
General Hospital
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
David Canary (Adam Chandler and Stuart Chandler, All My Children)
Scott Bryce (Craig Montgomery, As the World Turns)
Larry Bryggman (John Dixon, As the World Turns)
Robert S. Woods (Bo Buchanan, One Life to Live)
Nicolas Coster (Lionel Lockridge, Santa Barbara)
Terry Lester (Jack Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Susan Lucci (Erica Kane, All My Children)
Elizabeth Hubbard (Lucinda Walsh, As the World Turns)
Peggy McCay (Caroline Brady, Days of Our Lives)
Kim Zimmer (Reva Shayne, Guiding Light)
Erika Slezak (Victoria Lord, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Daytime Drama Series
Louis Edmonds (Langley Wallingford, All My Children)
Gregg Marx (Tom Hughes, As the World Turns)
John Wesley Shipp (Douglas Cummings, As the World Turns)
Larry Gates (H.B. Lewis, Guiding Light)
Al Freeman, Jr. (Ed Hall, One Life to Live)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Daytime Drama Series
Eileen Herlie (Myrtle Fargate, All My Children)
Kathleen Widdoes (Emma Snyder, As the World Turns)
Leann Hunley (Anna DiMera, Days of Our Lives)
Uta Hagen (Hortense, One Life to Live)
Dame Judith Anderson (Minx Lockridge, Santa Barbara)
Outstanding Young Man in a Daytime Drama Series
Michael E. Knight (Tad Martin, All My Children)
Don Scardino (Chris Chapin, Another World)
Brian Bloom (Dusty Donovan, As the World Turns)
Jon Hensley (Holden Snyder, As the World Turns)
Vincent Irizarry (Lujack Luvonaczek, Guiding Light)
Outstanding Ingenue in a Daytime Drama Series
Debbi Morgan (Angie Hubbard, All My Children)Ellen Wheeler (Vicky Hudson and Marley Hudson, Another World)
Martha Byrne (Lily Walsh, As the World Turns)
Robin Wright (Kelly Capwell, Santa Barbara)
Jane Krakowski (T.R. Kendall, Search for Tomorrow)
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Writing
General Hospital
As the World Turns
Guiding Light (John B Kuntz) The Young and the Restless
NOTE: The award was originally given to The Young and the Restless until a tally miscount forced The Young and the Restless to hand over the award to Guiding Light.
Outstanding Daytime Drama Series Directing
As the World Turns
Guiding Light
The Young and the Restless Days of our Lives
One Life to Live
Outstanding Game ShowThe $25,000 Pyramid - A Bob-Sande Stewart Production for CBS (Syn. by 20th Century Fox)
Family Feud - A Mark Goodson Production for ABC (Syn. by Viacom)
Jeopardy! - A Merv Griffin Production (Syn. by KingWorld)
The Price Is Right - A Mark Goodson Production for CBS (Syn. by Television Program Source)
Wheel of Fortune - A Merv Griffin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20Ireland%20Electricity | Northern Ireland Electricity Networks Limited (NIE Networks) is the electricity asset owner of the transmission and distribution infrastructure in Northern Ireland, established in 1993 when the business was privatised. NIE Networks does not generate or supply electricity. Since 2010 it has been a subsidiary of ESB Group.
NIE Networks has three transmission interconnectors with the transmission grid in the Republic of Ireland. The main interconnector was built in 1970 between Tandragee and Louth but The Troubles saw the interconnector destroyed in 1975 and left in that state for twenty years until repair.
NIE Networks should not be confused with Power NI, its own former supply business, which was not part of the sale to the ESB and remains owned by Viridian. NIE Energy changed its name to Power NI on 25 July 2011, as ESB retained the NIE name in Northern Ireland.
History
Background
Electricity supplies in Northern Ireland started in the early 1890s with the establishment of electricity undertakings by the Belfast and Londonderry City Corporations. The co-ordination of supplies took place in 1931 with the foundation of the Electricity Board for Northern Ireland. The ownership of the all public power stations in Northern Ireland was vested in the Electricity Board in 1949.
Belfast Corporation
Belfast Corporation Electricity Department gained the authority to generate and sell electricity under the provisions of the Belfast Electric Lighting Order 1890, confirmed by the Electric Lighting Orders Confirmation (No.7) Act 1890. The corporation's area of supply was 83 square miles with a population of 502,000 (1958). By 1958 there were three electricity generating stations at Belfast East, Belfast West and East Bridge.
Belfast East power station (formerly Harbour power station) comprised eight turbo-alternator generating sets: 1 × 6 MW British Thomson-Houston, 2 × 15 MW, 1 × 18.75 MW and 4 × 30 MW Metropolitan Vickers, a total electricity capacity of 174.75 MW. These were supplied with up to 2,010,000 pounds per hour (253 kg/s) of steam from 18 Babcock and Stirling coal-fired boilers.
Belfast West power station (formerly Victoria power station) comprised five turbo-alternator generating sets: 2 × 30 MW Parsons low pressure sets and 3 × 60 MW Parsons high pressure sets, giving a total capacity of 240 MW. The low pressure sets were supplied with up to a total of 540,000 pounds per hour (68 kg/s) of steam at 650 psi and 925 °F (44.8 bar and 496 °C) from four Clarke Chapman tri-drum coal-fired boilers. The high pressure sets were supplied with steam at 900 psi and 925 °F (62 bar and 496 °C) from three Babcock & Wilcox radiant open pass type coal-fired boilers (each 220,000 lb/hr, 27.7 kg/s) and from six Mitchell two-drum coal-fired boilers (also each 220,000 lb/hr).
The East Bridge power station comprised two 6 MW turbo-alternators supplied with up to 120,000 lb/hr (15.1 kg/s) of steam from two Stirling coal-fired boilers.
From 1958 all the electri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exatron%20Stringy%20Floppy | The Exatron Stringy Floppy (or ESF) is a continuous-loop tape drive developed by Exatron.
History
The company introduced an S-100 stringy floppy drive at the 1978 West Coast Computer Faire, and a version for the Radio Shack TRS-80 in 1979. Exatron sold about 4,000 TRS-80 drives by August 1981 for $249.50 each, stating that it was "our best seller by far". The tape cartridge is about the size of a business card, but about thick. The magnetic tape inside the cartridge is wide.
Format
There is no single catalog of files; to load a specific file the drive searches the entire tape, briefly stopping to read the header of each found file. The tape loop only moves in one direction, so a file that starts behind the current location cannot be read until the drive searches the entire loop for it. The device is capable of reading and writing random access data files (unlike a datacassette). If a record being sought has been overshot, the drive advances the tape until it loops around to the beginning and continues seeking from there.
According to Embedded Systems magazine, the Exatron Stringy Floppy uses Manchester encoding, achieving 14K read-write speeds and the code controlling the device was developed by Li-Chen Wang, who also wrote a Tiny BASIC, the basis for the TRS-80 Model I Level I BASIC.
Reception
In the July 1983 issue of Compute!'s Gazette, the Exatron Stringy Floppy for the VIC-20 and the Commodore 64 was reviewed. Calling the peripheral "a viable alternative" to tape or disk, the magazine noted that "under ideal conditions, a Stringy Floppy can outperform a VIC-1540/1541 disk drive". Texas Instruments licensed the Stringy Floppy as the Waferdrive for its cancelled TI 99/2 computer and a Compact Computer 40 peripheral which never shipped.
Use and distribution
The Exatron drive was initially used in the Prophet-10 music synthesizer and was later replaced with a micro-cassette drive from Braemar, reportedly due to unreliability and poor mutual compatibility of the former.
Cartridges, or "wafers", were available in tape lengths ranging from . Known data capacities/tape length are: 4 kB/5 feet, 16 kB/20 feet, 48 kB/50 feet, and 64 kB/75 feet. One complete cycle through a tape takes 55 to 65 seconds, depending on the number of files it contains.
See also
ZX Microdrive
Rotronics Wafadrive
References
External links
Exatron Stringy Floppy as described by Bill Fletcher
Getting Files off Stringy Floppy Wafers for use in Emulators
Advertisements
Exatron Official Website
Computer storage devices
Home computer peripherals
TRS-80
Computer-related introductions in 1979 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperBASIC | SuperBASIC is an advanced variant of the BASIC programming language with many structured programming additions. It was developed at Sinclair Research by Jan Jones during the early 1980s.
Originally SuperBASIC was intended as the BASIC interpreter for a home computer code-named SuperSpectrum, then under development. This project was later cancelled; however, SuperBASIC was subsequently included in the ROM firmware of the Sinclair QL microcomputer (announced in January 1984), also serving as the command line interpreter for the QL's QDOS operating system.
It was one of the first second-generation BASICs to be integrated into a microcomputer's operating system (unlike BBC BASIC which preceded it in 1981), making the OS user-extendable—as done by Linus Torvalds in his formative years.
Advanced features
RESPR for resident procedures, e.g. to extend QDOS
choice of parameters passed to procedures
procedures return parameters as chosen
IF - THEN - ELSE - END IF
FOR - NEXT - EXIT - END FOR
REPeat - NEXT - EXIT - END REPeat
SELect ON - ON - REMAINDER - END SELect
arbitrarily RETurn from within procedures & functions
data type coercion between numeric and string variables
actual parameters passing data type to formal parameters
array operations: slicing, joining etc.
LOCal arrays & (string) variables
AUTOmatic line numbering
relative RESTORE & DATA
The function below illustrates the last eight of these features. After having RUN it, entering
PRINT weekdays$(Iso("19631122",1))
will print FRI to the screen. Until cleared (e.g. by entering NEW), the function will act like an extension to the operating system. Similarly, according to the QL User Guide, "many of the operating system commands are themselves defined as procedures."
Example
AUTO 11,2
DEFine FN Iso(S,O)
LOCal y%,m%,d%,i$,n%,w%
REM Step 0 - to isolate components of date-stamp S="YEARMoDa"
LET y%=S(1TO 4) : m%=S(5TO 6) : d%=S(7TO 8)
REM Step 1 - to initiate Lachman's Congruence
LET i$=m%*2.56+ 193 : S=S(1TO 6)- 3
REM Step 2 - to compute the day-number within the week
LET w%=(S(1TO 2)&"32"DIV 16+ S(1TO 4)DIV 4+ y%+ i$(2TO 3)+ d%)MOD 7
REM Step 3 - to return result
SELect ON O
ON O= 5 : n%=i$(2TO 3)
ON O= 4 : n%=y%
ON O= 3 : n%=m%
ON O= 2 : n%=d%
ON O= 1 : n%=w%
ON O= REMAINDER : n%=-1
END SELect
RETurn n%
REM data statements
DIM weekdays$(6,3)
RESTORE 190
FOR count=0 TO 6 : READ weekdays$(count)
100 DIM month$(12,9)
110 RESTORE
120 REM QL User Guide's "Data Read Restore" example ii
130 REM appropriately amended relative to example i
140 FOR count=1 TO 12 : READ month$(count)
150 DATA "January","February","March"
160 DATA "April","May","June"
170 DATA "July","August","September"
180 DATA "October","November","December"
190 DATA "SUN","MON","TUE","WED","THU","FRI","SAT"
199 END DEFi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Perry | Dave Perry (born 21 May 1966) was co-commentator on the UK computer and video games television shows GamesMaster and Games World. Perry was most famous for walking off GamesMaster.
He was responsible for launching many games magazines, including Games World, Play, PowerStation, X-Gen, STATION and Mega Power. He has since opened a tattoo parlour named Revolver Tattoo Rooms.
References
External links
GamesMaster the inside story 2016 at The Retro Hour
Interview and Feature at end of 2006 at NTSC-UK
2006 interview at Way of the Rodent
2003 interview at Jolt Online Gaming
Interview at UK Resistance
2007 Interview at Prankster101 Productions
1966 births
Living people
British tattoo artists
English television presenters
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COSMAC%20VIP | The COSMAC VIP (1977) was an early microcomputer that was aimed at video games. Essentially, it was a COSMAC ELF with a supplementary CDP1861/CDP1864 video display chip. For a price of US$275, it could be purchased from RCA by mail order. It came in kit form, and had to be assembled. Its dimensions were 22 x 28 cm, and it had a RCA 1802 processor; along with a crystal clock operating at 1.76 MHz. It had 2 KB (2048 bytes) of RAM, which could be expanded to 4 KB on board, and 32 KB via an expansion slot. Its 5V DC CDP18S023 power supply had an output of 600 mA. I/O ports could be added to connect to sensors, interface relays, an ASCII keyboard, or a printer.
The machine connected to either a video monitor or to a TV with video input or by means of an external RF modulator. The VIP used a CDP1861/CDP1864 video display chip to generate the video output, and sound could be played using its integrated speaker. It had a 100 bytes per second cassette tape interface as well. Programs could be loaded into RAM from tapes, and vice versa. It also had a hex keyboard for input, which had 16 keys spanning the hex digits 0 to F. LED indicators were used to display power status and tape input; a third LED along with an on-board beeper were activated by the CPU's 1-bit "Q" register. A run/reset switch was used to start user programs or the operating system, respectively.
A simple 4-kilobit (512-byte) operating system was built into its ROM. It allowed one to type in programs using its hex keyboard, show memory contents on its display (step through the bytes of RAM), and view the values of the processor registers. The ROM monitor was accessed by holding the "C" key while switching from Reset to Run. The COSMAC VIP was shipped with 20 video games, which were programmed in CHIP-8. CHIP-8 was an early interpreted programming language that was used on this machine and other early microcomputers, such as the Telmac 1800. The video games that were provided came as a list of instructions that had to be typed in by the user.
The COSMAC VIP was created by Joseph Weisbecker of the RCA Laboratories in New Jersey. His daughter Joyce created some of the games included with it. RCA sold a $39 version of Tiny BASIC on an expansion board.
A VIP II version was designed, bundling the VIP with several expansion cards and selling it in fully assembled form. Marketing materials from 1979 refer to a 1980 release, but this never occurred. Several years later the VIP II was equipped with a ROM containing a terminal program and sold as a portable terminal device under the name RCA VP 3000.
Notes
References
Notes
The December 1978 BYTE magazine featured an article on CHIP-8 ("An Easy Programming System") as well as an advertisement for the VIP system.
The May 1977 Dr. Dobb's Journal reprinted an article by Joseph Weisbecker ("A Practical, Low-cost, Home/School Microprocessor System") describing the design philosophies and economies that went into designing the VIP—which was at the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compukit%20UK101 | The Compukit UK101 microcomputer (1979) is a kit clone of the Ohio Scientific Superboard II single-board computer, with a few enhancements for the UK market - notably replacing the 24×24 (add guardband kit to give 32×32) screen display with a more useful 48×16 layout working at UK video frequencies. The video output is black and white with 256 semigraphic characters generated by a two kilobyte ROM. It has no bit-mapped graphics capability. The video is output through a UHF modulator, designed to connect to a TV set.
History
The UK101 design was published in Practical Electronics, a popular hobbyists magazine at the time. The August, September, October and November 1979 issues carried the four parts of the article, by Dr. Anthony A Berk. Later issues of the magazine contained information on modifications and additions to the machine, including a series of articles on building an expansion unit.
Kits of parts for building the machine were available from Compukit Ltd. / CompShop Ltd. of 14 Station Road, Barnet, Hertfordshire. It is thought that around 5000 kits were produced.
Description
Processor
The Compukit UK101 is powered by a 6502 microprocessor CPU running at 1 MHz, and is equipped with up to 8 kilobytes of RAM using 2114 static RAM chips of 1024×4-bit. An additional memory-mapped 1 KB of RAM is used for the video display. It has the 8K Microsoft BASIC interpreter stored in ROM. In addition to Basic, a 6502 machine code monitor (2K bytes) is built into ROM. It allows programming by entering sequences of 6502 opcodes. Later a two-pass assembler was available which allows the use of assembly language.
Although the 6502 has two interrupt input pins (NMI and IRQ), neither is used by the UK101.
Display
The UK101 has a 16-row, 48-column memory-mapped character semigraphics display, with each character taking up 8x8 pixels with an aspect ratio of about 1:2 (corresponding to an effective resolution of 384x128). All scrolling and character output functions are handled by firmware. In the original ROMs, the output functions were rudimentary and did not include a clear-screen function. CPU access to video memory causes noticeable glitches (known as "snow") on the screen.
Keyboard
The keyboard of the UK101 is located on the main PCB, and comprises a matrix of keyswitches. The matrix is interfaced to the CPU via two 8-bit I/O ports, and is polled by firmware in the machine's ROMs. One key is a latching type, the shift-lock key. When supplied as a kit, the keyboard was assembled by the purchaser from a bag of switches and keytops.
The keyboard ports are located at address DF00 (hex), or 57088 (decimal). BASIC programs typically poll for real-time keyboard input by using the PEEK and POKE commands at that address. Because the keyboard lacks any way to generate an interrupt, it is not possible to implement a typeahead buffer. The keyboard matrix also lacks any diodes at the intersections of the matrix. This leads to problems when reading certain |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag%20Team%20Wrestling | Tag Team Wrestling, known as in Japan, is a wrestling video game developed by Technōs Japan and released for arcades in 1983. The arcade version was published by Data East both in Japan and North America, but only the North American version mentions the name of Data East in-game. It was later ported in the mid-1980s to computers and the Famicom/NES.
Gameplay
In the original game, the player controls a professional wrestling tag-team, two identical wrestlers with black hair, orange trunks and brown boots named Sunny and Terry (Jocko and Spike in the U.S. version) who must defeat a couple of masked wrestlers known as the Heel Team (Mad Maulers in the U.S. version): one of them a skinny wrestler with an orange mask and boots and white trunks, the other a fat wrestler in a black mask and tights with white boots. The player's team must continually beat the Heel Team in order to win trophies and maintain gameplay. After the tenth match, the player's team is designated the world champions and must keep playing in order to maintain their title. In the event of the Heel Team winning or tying a match, the game is over.
The player is provided with a joystick and two buttons: a "select" button and an "action/pin" button. The player uses the joystick to move Sunny or Terry around the ring, where they must make contact with the member of the Heel Team (in the first match, the skinny wrestler from the Heel Team starts, then the fat one in the second, and it continues that way from there on in, as does with the player's wrestlers). Upon making contact with the opposing wrestler, the two wrestlers will immediately grapple. The player then releases the opposing wrestler by pulling away, then grappling again, waiting for the "Action" command to flash onscreen. Due to being one of the earliest professional wrestling video games, Tag Team Wrestling has a limited number of wrestling moves and characters. Moves and counters are performed through the use of a real-time, menu-based action-reaction fighting module. After engaging in a grapple with the "Action" command flashing, players quickly scroll through a menu and choose a maneuver to perform.
This means that the player has an advantage over the opponent, and must utilize the "select" button to go over the list of wrestling moves provided, and then the "action" button to choose the desired move. The player has 3 seconds to choose the desired move, or else the opposing wrestler will gain an advantage over the player's wrestler and execute their own move. If the Heel Team wrestler in the ring has not been grappled with in a while, they will enter their "red" mode: The wrestler will turn all red and, moving at twice the normal speed, attack the player's wrestler in the ring with an immediate advantage. In this situation, the player can only tag out with the "Action" button (if the wrestler is weakened and the tagged-in wrestler is strong enough to withstand the attack) or keep away from the Heel Team wrestler until |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JFP | JFP may refer to:
Media
Jackson Free Press, an alternative weekly newspaper in Jackson, Mississippi
Journal of Functional Programming, a scientific journal
Other
Jacketed flat point, a type of soft-point bullet
Justice and Freedom Party, a former political party in Fiji
Japan Future Party, Japanese political party. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idris%20%28operating%20system%29 | Idris is a discontinued multi-tasking, Unix-like, multi-user, real-time operating system released by Whitesmiths, of Westford, Massachusetts. The product was commercially available from 1979 through 1988.
Background
Idris was originally written for the PDP-11 by P. J. Plauger, who started working on Idris in August 1978. It was binary compatible with Unix V6 on PDP-11, but it could run on non-memory managed systems (like LSI-11 or PDP-11/23) as well. The kernel required 31 KB of RAM, and the C compiler (provided along with the standard V6 toolset) had more or less the same size.
Ports
Although Idris was initially available for the PDP-11, it was later ported to run on a number of platforms, such as the VAX, Motorola 68000, System/370 and Intel 8086. There was also a version that used bank-switching for memory management, that ran on the Intel 8080.
In 1986, David M. Stanhope at Computer Tools International ported Idris to the Atari ST and developed its ROM boot cartridge. This work also included a port of X to Idris. Computer Tools and Whitesmiths offered it to Atari as a replacement for Atari TOS, but eventually marketed it directly to ST enthusiasts.
A specific version of Idris (CoIdris) was packaged as a .COM file under DOS and used it for low level I/O services.
Idris was ported to the Apple Macintosh (as MacIdris) by John O'Brien (of Whitesmiths Australia) and remained available until the early 1990s. MacIdris ran as an application under the Finder or MultiFinder.
After Whitesmiths had been merged with Intermetrics, Idris along with its development toolchain was ported by Real Time Systems Ltd to the INMOS T800 transputer architecture for the Parsytec SN1000 multiprocessor.
References
Discontinued operating systems
PDP-11
Unix variants
68k architecture |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX%20file%20system | The Minix file system is the native file system of the Minix operating system. It was written from scratch by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the 1980s and aimed to replicate the structure of the Unix File System while omitting complex features, and was intended to be a teaching aid. It largely fell out of favour among Linux users by 1994 due to the popularity of other filesystems - most notably ext2 - and its lack of features, including limited partition sizes and filename length limits.
History
MINIX was written from scratch by Andrew S. Tanenbaum in the 1980s, as a Unix-like operating system whose source code could be used freely in education. The MINIX file system was designed for use with MINIX; it copies the basic structure of the Unix File System but avoids any complex features in the interest of keeping the source code clean, clear and simple, to meet the overall goal of MINIX to be a useful teaching aid.
When Linus Torvalds first started writing his Linux operating system kernel (1991), he was working on a machine running MINIX, and adopted its file system layout. This soon proved problematic, since MINIX restricted filename lengths to 14 characters (30 in later versions), it limited partitions to 64 megabytes, and the file system was designed for teaching purposes, not performance. The extended file system (ext; April 1992) was developed to replace MINIX's, but it was only with the second version of this, ext2, that Linux obtained a commercial-grade file system. As of 1994, the MINIX file system was "scarcely in use" among Linux users.
Design and implementation
A MINIX file system has six components:
The Boot Block which is always stored in the first block. It contains the boot loader that loads and runs an operating system at system startup.
The second block is the Superblock which stores data about the file system, that allows the operating system to locate and understand other file system structures. For example, the number of inodes and zones, the size of the two bitmaps and the starting block of the data area.
The inode bitmap is a simple map of the inodes that tracks which ones are in use and which ones are free by representing them as either a one (in use) or a zero (free).
The zone bitmap works in the same way as the inode bitmap, except it tracks the zones.
The inodes area. Each file or directory is represented as an inode, which records metadata including type (file, directory, block, char, pipe), IDs for user and group, three timestamps that record the date and time of last access, last modification and last status change. An inode also contains a list of addresses that point to the zones in the data area where the file or directory data is actually stored.
The data area is the largest component of the file system, using the majority of the space. It is where the actual file and directory data are stored.
See also
List of file systems
MINIX 3
Minix-vmd
References
External links
File, file system, and memory size limits in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20railway%20lines%20in%20New%20Zealand | The railway network in New Zealand consists of four main lines, six secondary lines and numerous short branch lines in almost every region. It links all major urban centres except Nelson, Taupō, Queenstown, Whakatane and (since 2012) Gisborne. The network is owned and managed by KiwiRail. The network was constructed starting in 1863, mostly by government bodies, initially provincial governments and later the central government (usually by the Public Works Department) under the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR or NZGR). In 1981 NZR was corporatised as the New Zealand Railways Corporation, and in 1991 New Zealand Rail Limited was split from the corporation. New Zealand Rail was privatised in 1993 (and later renamed Tranz Rail), with the New Zealand Railways Corporation retaining the land (due to Treaty of Waitangi claims on land taken for railway construction). In 2003 the government renationalised the network. KiwiRail operates all freight lines and a small number of passenger services primarily for tourists on certain routes in both islands; Auckland One Rail operates Auckland Transport "AT Metro" suburban passenger trains in Auckland and Transdev operates Metlink passenger trains in the Wellington region; Dunedin Railways (formerly Taieri Gorge Railway) operates tourist passenger trains in Dunedin.
New Zealand national rail network
Lines in bold type are currently operated by KiwiRail
Main trunk lines
The last two lines are sometimes referred to as the South Island Main Trunk Railway.
Secondary main lines
Branch lines
Northland
Auckland
Suburban passenger rail lines
Waikato / Coromandel
Bay of Plenty
Gisborne – Hawke's Bay
Central North Island
Taranaki
Manawatū
Wairarapa
Wellington
Suburban rail lines
Nelson
Westland
Canterbury
Otago
Southland
Private lines
Parts of the network were constructed by private companies, and most were unsuccessful. All except the Whakatane Board Mills line and the Sanson Tramway were later acquired by the government. The most successful was the Wellington and Manawatu Railway, which operated between Wellington and Longburn (near Palmerston North) from 1885 to 1908. After the WMR, perhaps the best-known private railway was the New Zealand Midland Railway Company, which constructed parts of the Midland, Nelson and West Coast lines. After the company was dissolved in 1900 the railway lines and their construction were taken over by the government. Some lines were built by companies for access such as to coal mines, and by local government bodies.
Cape Foulwind Branch
Castlecliff Railway
Fernhill Branch
Hutt Park Railway
Kaitangata Line
Kakanui McDonald Limeworks Branch
Kurow Branch (Duntroon – Hakataramea portion)
Mokai Tramway (TTT Co line, Putāruru to Mokai near Lake Taupō)
New Zealand Midland Railway Company Limited
Ohai Railway Board
Port Chalmers Railway Company Limited
Riccarton Racecourse Siding
Rakaia and Ashburton Forks Railway Limited
Sanson Tramway
Taratu Railway (L |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaksija%20%28computer%29 | The Galaksija (; , meaning "Galaxy") was a build-it-yourself computer designed by Voja Antonić. It was featured in the special edition Računari u vašoj kući (Computers in your home, written by Dejan Ristanović) of a popular eponymous science magazine, published late December 1983 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Kits were available but not required as it could be built entirely out of standard off-the-shelf parts. It was later also available in complete form.
History
In the early eighties, restrictions in SFR Yugoslavia prevented importing computers into the country. At the same time, even the cheapest computers available in the West were nearing average monthly salaries. This meant that only a relative minority of people owned one – mostly a ZX Spectrum or a Commodore 64, though most Yugoslavs were only familiar with a programmable calculator.
According to his own words, some time in 1983, Voja Antonić, while vacationing in Hotel Teuta in Risan, was reading the application handbook for the RCA CDP1802 CPU and stumbled upon CPU-assisted video generation. Since the CDP1802 was very primitive, he decided that a Zilog Z80 processor could perform the task as well.
Before he returned home to Belgrade, he already had the conceptual diagrams of a computer that used software to generate a video picture. Although using software as opposed to hardware would significantly reduce his design's performance, it also simplified the hardware and reduced its cost.
His next step was to find a magazine to publish the diagrams in. The obvious choice was SAM Magazine published in Zagreb, but due to prior bad experiences he decided to publish elsewhere. Near the same time that Antonić made his discovery, Dejan Ristanović, a computer programmer and journalist was entrusted with preparing a special edition of the Galaksija magazine that would be focused on home computers. After Ristanović and Antonić met, they decided to collaborate and publish the computer's diagram in a special issue of the magazine entitled Računari u vašoj kući (Computers in your home). It was released late December 1983. The name of the magazine (Galaksija) would become twinned with the name of the computer.
Antonić and Ristanović guesstimated that around a thousand people would try to build the computer by themselves, given that the magazine's circulation was 30,000. Some 8,000 people wound up ordering the build-it-yourself kits from Antonić. This number may in reality be greater if people who did not purchase any kits (including PCB and ROMs) were accounted for.
Components were provided by various manufacturers and suppliers:
MIPRO and Elektronika from Buje, together with Institut za elektroniku i vakuumsku tehniku (en. Institute for electronics and vacuum technology) delivered PCBs, keyboards and masks
Mikrotehnika from Graz sent integrated circuits
Voja Antonić personally programmed all EPROMs
Galaksija collected requisition forms and organized deliveries
Later, Institute for school books a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20News%20Network | The Japan News Network (JNN; ) is a Japanese commercial television network run by TBS Television, owned by TBS Holdings (which is a part of the major conglomerate Mitsui Group). The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations. Its affiliate stations also broadcast non-news programs originating from TBS Television. Founded on 1 August 1959, JNN is made up of 28 full-time affiliates.
It also operates the 24-hour satellite and cable news channel TBS News.
History
Initial news exchange agreement
In 1956, when there were only four commercial television stations in Japan (Nippon Television, Tokyo Radio and Television (hereinafter referred to as KRT), Osaka Television Broadcasting, and Chubu Nippon Broadcasting), the television network was quite loose. Nippon Television and KRT in Tokyo had to sell their programs to the two commercial stations (Osaka TV Broadcasting and Chubu Nippon Broadcasting) outside of Tokyo as much as possible in order to recoup their production costs and meet the needs of advertisers. This puts the two stations in an advantageous position by allowing them to freely choose the programs they want to syndicate.On November 15, 1956, four commercial television stations signed the Memorandum of Understanding on Television Broadcasting Program Exchange among Four Companies, which specifically stipulated matters related to the syndication of programs.Later, Hokkaido Broadcasting and RKB Mainichi Broadcasting joined the agreement, and the four-company agreement was expanded to a six-company agreement. There were no major changes in the contents of the agreement at that time.
The agreement later expanded into 10 member stations as Sanyo Broadcasting, Nishinippon Broadcasting, Yomiuri TV, and Television Nishinippon joined into the agreement. With that, the contents of the agreement were drastically changed, centering on special contributions.In October 1957, the Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued licenses for 34 commercial TV broadcasters as it became the period of rapid expansion of commercial broadcasters in Japan. The opening of commercial television outside the metropolitan area meant that the importance of interconnection was increasing.During this period, only a limited number of frequencies available were allocated to few broadcasters, resulting in limited affiliation options for the succeeding broadcasters.
In October 1958, Osaka Television Broadcasting, RKB Mainichi Broadcasting, and Sanyo Broadcasting were explicitly part of the same syndication as KRT, while the Nippon Television syndication consisted of Yomiuri TV, Television Nishinippon, and Nishinippon Broadcasting, and the other three were cross-networked with a slight advantage for KRT.
At that time, Nippon Television, which had its own highlight programs such as baseball broadcasts, was trying to expand its network through the broadcasting righ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETV%20Network | ETV Network is a network of Telugu language news and entertainment satellite television channels in India. It is based in Hyderabad, Telangana. It also had some non Telugu language satellite television channels. All non-Telugu language satellite television channels were acquired by Reliance Industries-owned TV18 for ₹2,053 crore in FY 2014–15 and later rebranded.
History
Telugu language network
The Hyderabad daily newspaper Eenadu (Telugu for 'today') started its own Telugu language channel named Eenadu TV on 27 August 1995.
The flagship company ETPL launched four new television channels in November 2015 - namely ETV Life - a health and wellness channel, ETV Abhiruchi, a cookery channel, ETV Plus - an entertainment and reality channel, and ETV Cinema - a movie channel in Telugu language. In May 2014, ETV2 and ETV3 were renamed to ETV Andhra Pradesh and ETV Telangana respectively.
On 27 December 2018, the network launched ETV Plus HD, ETV Life HD, ETV Abhiruchi HD, and ETV Cinema HD.
Non-Telugu language TV assets
The network also added regional channels in other Indian languages and built a large local news network using ETV brand after success in the Telugu-speaking region. Ramoji Group sold its non Telugu language TV assets to TV18 in January 2014 with a permission to use ETV brand name.
In March 2015, TV18's Viacom 18 decided to rebrand all five non-Telugu language ETV regional general entertainment channels. ETV Marathi, ETV Gujarati, ETV Kannada, ETV Bangla and ETV Odia were rebranded into Colors Marathi, Colors Gujarati, Colors Kannada, Colors Bangla and Colors Odia, respectively.
In March 2018, non-Telugu language TV assets of TV18 still using the ETV brand were rebranded as part of the News18 network.
In April 2016, ETV network added three more regional news channels catering to the audience of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Assam and North East under the brand name of News18. The channels are named News18 Kerala, News18 Tamil Nadu and News18 Assam-NE.
Owned channels
On air channels
Former channels
Telugu language channels
Non-Telugu language channels
References
External links
Television networks in India
1995 establishments in India
Telugu-language television
Mass media in Hyderabad, India
Television broadcasting companies of India
Mass media companies of India
Broadcasting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20operating%20systems | These tables provide a comparison of operating systems, of computer devices, as listing general and technical information for a number of widely used and currently available PC or handheld (including smartphone and tablet computer) operating systems. The article "Usage share of operating systems" provides a broader, and more general, comparison of operating systems that includes servers, mainframes and supercomputers.
Because of the large number and variety of available Linux distributions, they are all grouped under a single entry; see comparison of Linux distributions for a detailed comparison. There is also a variety of BSD and DOS operating systems, covered in comparison of BSD operating systems and comparison of DOS operating systems.
General information
Technical information
Security
Commands
For POSIX compliant (or partly compliant) systems like FreeBSD, Linux, macOS or Solaris, the basic commands are the same because they are standardized.
NOTE: Linux systems may vary by distribution which specific program, or even 'command' is called, via the POSIX function. For example, if you wanted to use the DOS to give you a directory listing with one detailed file listing per line you could use (e.g. in a session configuration file).
See also
Comparison of command shells
Comparison of file systems
List of operating systems
Light-weight Linux distribution
Security-focused operating system
Timeline of operating systems
Usage share of operating systems
Operating system comparisons
Comparison of BSD operating systems
Comparison of DOS operating systems
Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems
Comparison of operating system kernels
Comparison of Linux distributions
Comparison of netbook-oriented Linux distributions
Comparison of Microsoft Windows versions
Comparison of mobile operating systems
Comparison of open-source operating systems
Comparison of real-time operating systems
Comparison of OpenSolaris distributions
Comparison of Windows Vista and Windows XP
References
External links
Comparison of operating systems
Operating systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POP-2 | POP-2 (also referred to as POP2) is a programming language developed around 1970 from the earlier language POP-1 (developed by Robin Popplestone in 1968, originally named COWSEL) by Robin Popplestone and Rod Burstall at the University of Edinburgh. It drew roots from many sources: the languages LISP and ALGOL 60, and theoretical ideas from Peter J. Landin. It used an incremental compiler, which gave it some of the flexibility of an interpreted language, including allowing new function definitions at run time and modification of function definitions while a program was running (both of which are features of dynamic compilation), without the overhead of an interpreted language.
Description
Stack
POP-2's syntax was Algol-like, except that assignments were the other way round: instead of writing
a := 3;
one wrote
3 -> a;
The reason for this was that the language had explicit notion of an operand stack; thus, the previous assignment could be written as two separate statements:
3;
which evaluated the value 3 and left it on the stack, and
-> a;
which popped the top value off the stack and assigned it to the variable 'a'. Similarly, the function call
f(x, y, z);
could be written as
x, y, z; f();
(commas and semicolons being largely interchangeable) or even
x, y, z.f;
or
(x, y, z).f;
Because of the stack-based paradigm, there was no need to distinguish between statements and expressions; thus, the two constructs
if a > b then
c -> e
else
d -> e
close;
and
if a > b then
c
else
d
close -> e;
were equivalent (note the use of close, as endif hadn't become a common end-of-if-clause notation yet).
Arrays and doublet functions
There were no special language constructs for creating arrays or record structures as they are commonly understood: instead, these were created with the aid of special builtin functions, e.g. newarray (for arrays that could contain any type of item) and newanyarray for creating restricted types of items.
Thus, array element and record field accessors were simply special cases of a doublet function: this was a function that had another function attached as its updater, which was called on the receiving side of an assignment. Thus, if the variable a contained an array, then
3 -> a(4);
was equivalent to
updater(a)(3, 4);
the builtin function updater returning the updater of the doublet. Of course, updater was itself a doublet and could be used to change the updater component of a doublet.
Functions
Variables could hold values of any type, including functions, which were first-class objects. Thus, the following constructs
function max x y; if x > y then x else y close end;
and
vars max;
lambda x y; if x > y then x else y close end -> max;
were equivalent.
An interesting operation on functions was partial application, (sometimes referred to as "currying"). In partial application some number of the rightmost arguments of the function (which would |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuji%20News%20Network | Fuji News Network (FNN) is a Japanese commercial television network run by Fuji Television Network, Inc. (Fuji TV), part of the Fujisankei Communications Group. The network's responsibility includes the syndication of national television news bulletins to its regional affiliates, and news exchange between the stations.
Distribution of non-news television programmes is handled by Fuji Network System (FNS), another network set up by Fuji TV.
History
The network was formed on 3 October 1966 which comprised 7 television stations: Fuji TV (the flagship station), Sendai Television, Tōkai TV, Kansai TV, Hiroshima Telecasting (now affiliated with NNN and NNS), Nihonkai Telecasting, and Television Nishinippon Corporation.
Since April 1, 1997, the network has 26 full members, and two members that are affiliates of more than one network (Television Oita System Co., Ltd and TV Miyazaki). In terms of the number of participating stations, it is the third largest in Japan, following NNN (NTN group) and JNN (TBS-group). FNS does not currently have any affiliates in four prefectures: Aomori, Yamanashi, Yamaguchi, and Tokushima.
List of affiliates
References
External links
Television channels and stations established in 1966 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TX%20Network | TX Network (TXN) is a commercial television network in Japan owned by Nikkei, Inc. The "TX" is taken from the callsign of its flagship station, TV Tokyo. It is also known as TV Tokyo Network.
Overview
It is named "TXN" because of the call sign of TV Tokyo, its key station, JOTX-DTV. The official name of the network is "TXN Network", and its abbreviation is "TXNN", with the "N" part intentionally duplicated with "Network", or it could also be News and Nationwide due to ambiguous meanings. There is no official explanation about the meaning. For that reason, it is sometimes called by various aliases such as TX Network, TV Tokyo Network, TV Tokyo keiretsu, and TXN keiretsu.
Unlike other networks, it is a network that has not been distinguished from news networks, program supply networks, and network organizations since the era of the former name (described later) "Mega TON Network".
Also, before TXN was officially launched, there were secondary affiliations with other stations. Chukyo Television in the complex network era and Mainichi Broadcasting in the era before the affiliation change correspond to this. First of all, the former was initially based on TV Asahi, but the Chunichi Shimbun invests in the principle of eliminating concentration. Since it was not possible to do so, it was decided to receive investment from Nihon Keizai Shimbun, so there was a network relationship with Tokyo 12 Channel → TV Tokyo. Chukyo TV subsequently joined NNN in April 1973, then NNS and became a full Nippon Television affiliated station, but until the opening of TV Aichi in 1983, partly with three other wide-area stations (Chubu Nippon Broadcasting, Tokai Television, Nagoya Television), TV Tokyo were broadcast in the form of program sales. Next, the latter was mainly NET after the establishment of the Federation of Five Companies in 1960, but in 1968 the Japan Science and Technology Foundation fell into a management crisis. At that time, Mainichi Broadcasting invested in "Tokyo 12 Channel Production", which is a broadcast program production company. Broadcast TV) continued the cross-net station until the net change. After that, Mainichi Broadcasting moved to the TBS affiliation station due to the network change, but from the remnants of the swap era, even after the transition to TBS, Tokyo 12 Channel → Listed as a major shareholder of TV Tokyo, and is still listed in the top 10 major shareholders of TV Tokyo Holdings. Conversely, programs produced by Mainichi Broadcasting were sometimes broadcast on TV Tokyo only in the Kanto region (such as "Fortune Quest L"). Since TXN was officially launched on April 1, 1989, there have been no crossnet stations with other affiliates.
The stations affiliated with TXN are all TV stations.
The TXN network is one of Japan's five major commercial networks that does not have a page for breaking news.
History
Tokyo Channel 12 almost went into bankruptcy in 1968. At the time, a television production company was established, with |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sloot%20Digital%20Coding%20System | The Sloot Digital Coding System was an alleged data sharing technique that its inventor claimed could store a complete digital movie file in 8 kilobytes of data — violating Shannon's source coding theorem by many orders of magnitude. The alleged technique was developed in 1995 by Romke Jan Bernhard Sloot (27 August 1945, Groningen – 11 July 1999, Nieuwegein), a Dutch electronics engineer. In 1999, just days before the conclusion of a contract to sell his invention, Sloot died suddenly of a heart attack. The source code was never recovered, and the technique and claim have never been reproduced or verified.
Background
Sloot was born the youngest of three children. His father, a school headmaster, left his family quite soon after Sloot's birth. Sloot was enrolled at a Dutch technical school, but dropped out early to work at a radio station. After fulfilling mandatory military service, Sloot settled in Utrecht with his wife. He worked briefly for Philips Electronics in Eindhoven. He left this job in 1978 after a year and a half, starting his next job in Groningen at an audio and video store. A few years later he moved to Nieuwegein where he started his own company repairing televisions and stereos.
In 1984, Sloot began focusing on computer technology such as the Philips P2000, Commodore 64, IBM PC XT, and AT. Sloot developed the idea of a countrywide repair service network called RepaBase with a database containing details on all repairs carried out. This concept was the motivation to develop alternative data storage techniques that would require significantly less space than traditional methods.
Sloot Encoding System
In 1995, Sloot claimed to have developed a data encoding technique that could store an entire feature film in only 8 kilobytes (8000 bytes). For comparison, a very low-quality video file normally requires several million bytes, and a 1080p movie requires about 3 gigabytes (3,000,000,000 bytes) per hour of playing time. , the plain text of the Dutch Wikipedia page describing the film Casablanca occupies 29,000 bytes.
Roel Pieper, former CTO and board member of Philips, is quoted as saying (translated from Dutch):
Pieter Spronck rebuts Pieper's codebook analogy by pointing out that Sloot claimed his invention was capable of encoding any video, not only those videos composed from a particular finite set of "recipes".
In 1996, Sloot received an investment from colleague Jos van Rossum, a cigarette machine operator. The same year, Sloot and van Rossum were granted a 6-year Dutch patent for the Sloot Encoding System, naming Sloot as inventor and van Rossum as patent owner.
Despite the apparent impossibility of the encoding system, there were investors who saw potential. In early 1999, Dutch investor Marcel Boekhoorn joined the group. In March 1999, the system was demonstrated to Pieper. Pieper resigned from Philips in May 1999 and joined Sloot's company as CEO, which was re-branded as The Fifth Force, Inc. The story — including an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UDE | The Unix Desktop Environment (UDE) is a desktop environment for the X Window System. Given its efficient and lightweight design it can be used on almost any Unix-like operating system, mostly without any porting effort.
User interface
UDE's user interface philosophy is quite different from that of other desktop environments. It is designed to be used very efficiently after a short learning phase. There is no taskbar or desktop panel or equivalent. Windows lack a title bar and as such there are no buttons to close, resize, iconify or maximize windows on the window borders. These buttons are replaced by the so-called hex menu or honeycomb that appears when the user clicks on the window border (See picture).
User interaction works entirely by using the different mouse buttons on window borders and the desktop background. Combinations of mouse clicks can trigger more complex actions such as moving a window from one workspace to another or loading multiple programs (or multiple instances of a single program) at a time. For that reason, efficient usage of UDE is only possible using a three-button mouse. As of 2004, UDE offers only very basic support for keyboard shortcuts.
The window manager is uwm (unrelated to the older uwm from 1985 or previous).
External links
Official website
http://www.agutscher.de/udepatch.html
http://www.agutscher.de/udethemes.html
Free desktop environments
de:UWM (Computer)#UDE_Window_Manager |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail%20transport%20in%20New%20Zealand | Rail transport in New Zealand is an integral part of New Zealand's transport network, with a nationwide network of of track linking most major cities in the North and South Islands, connected by inter-island rail and road ferries. Rail transport in New Zealand has a particular focus on bulk freight exports and imports, with 19 million net tonnes moved by rail annually, and 99.5% of New Zealand's exports and imports being transported through the country's seaports.
Rail transport played an important role in the opening up and development of the hinterland outside of New Zealand's predominantly dispersed and coastal settlements. Starting with the Ferrymead Railway in 1863, most public railway lines were short, built by provincial governments and connected major centres to their nearest seaport (such as Christchurch and its port at Lyttelton Harbour). From the 1870s, the focus shifted to building a nationwide network linking major centres, especially during the Vogel Era of railway construction following the abolition of the provinces. Narrow gauge of 3ft 6in (1,067mm) was adopted nationally. Bush tramways or light industrial railways sprang up connecting to the national network as it expanded. Railways became centrally controlled as a government department under the names New Zealand Government Railways or New Zealand Railways Department (NZR), and land transport was heavily regulated from 1931 onwards. NZR eventually expanded into other transport modes, especially with the Railways Road Services, inter-island ferries and Rail Air service. NZR also had an extensive network of workshops. By 1981, NZR employed 22,000 staff.
In the early 1980s, NZR was corporatised as the New Zealand Railways Corporation and drastically restructured, especially following the deregulation of land transport in 1983. The Corporation became a state-owned enterprise (SOE) in 1987, required to run at a profit. In 1991, the rail, inter-island ferry and infrastructure businesses of the Railways Corporation were split off into a new SOE, New Zealand Rail Limited, which was in turn privatised in 1993, and renamed Tranz Rail in 1995. The parcels and bus service business units were also privatised, and the Railways Corporation continued to dispose of surplus land. The central government renationalised first the Auckland metro railway network in 2001, then the rest of the network in 2004, and finally the rail and ferry operations in 2008, creating another SOE, KiwiRail.
Today, services are primarily provided by KiwiRail and focused on bulk freight, with a small number of tourist orientated passenger services, such as the TranzAlpine, Coastal Pacific and Northern Explorer. Dunedin Railways also operate tourist trains out of Dunedin, and a number of heritage operators run charter specials from time to time. Urban passenger rail services exist only in Auckland and Wellington. Rail in New Zealand has received significant and ongoing government investment since re-nationalisation i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart%20to%20the%20Future | "Bart to the Future" is the seventeenth episode of the eleventh season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 2000. In the episode, after their picnic in the park is cut short due to a mosquito infestation, the Simpsons stop by at an Indian casino. There, Bart is prevented from entering because he is 10 years old. He manages to sneak in but is caught by the guards and sent to the casino manager's office. The Native American manager shows Bart a vision of his future as a wannabe rock musician living with Ralph Wiggum, while Lisa has become the President of the United States and tries to get the country out of financial trouble. "Bart to the Future" was the second episode of The Simpsons to be set in the future, following "Lisa's Wedding."
The episode was directed by Michael Marcantel and written by Dan Greaney, who wanted to explore what Bart's life would end up like. Several designs were made by the animators for future Bart, but Greaney did not think they matched the personality of the character and had to give clearer instructions on how he wanted him to look.
Reception of "Bart to the Future" by critics has been generally mixed. Around 8.77 million American homes tuned in to watch the episode during its original airing. In 2008, it was released on DVD along with the rest of the episodes of the eleventh season. The episode attracted renewed attention in the events leading up to the 2016 presidential election, because of a reference to the presidency of Donald Trump.
Plot
The Simpsons drive to the park for a picnic but discover that it has been overrun by mosquitoes. While heading home, the family finds a Native American casino. Bart is turned away because he is 10 years old but is able to sneak in by hiding in ventriloquist Arthur Crandall's dummy case. During Crandall's performance at the casino, Bart bursts out of the case and gets caught by casino guards. He is sent to the casino manager's office, where the Native American manager shows him a vision of how his future will turn out if he does not change his ways.
Thirty years into the future, Bart is a 40-year-old beer-drinking slacker trying to launch his music career after dropping out of the DeVry Institute. He lives with his bandmate Ralph Wiggum in a beach cottage by the shore, where they are struggling to make ends meet and have resorted to mooching off Bart's parents and their neighbor Ned Flanders. The only gig Bart and Ralph can get is at a beach bar owned by Nelson Muntz, and even then, they are only paid in popcorn shrimp. The morning after their disastrous concert at Nelson's bar, Bart and Ralph find out that they have been evicted from their house.
Meanwhile, 38-year-old Lisa becomes "the first straight female President of the United States", and moves into the White House, to where Bart quickly moves in and invites their parents to live in, and his antics prove a burden on Lisa's poli |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast%20automation | Broadcast automation incorporates the use of broadcast programming technology to automate broadcasting operations. Used either at a broadcast network, radio station or a television station, it can run a facility in the absence of a human operator. They can also run in a live assist mode when there are on-air personnel present at the master control, television studio or control room.
The radio transmitter end of the airchain is handled by a separate automatic transmission system (ATS).
History
Originally, in the US, many (if not most) broadcast licensing authorities required a licensed board operator to run every station at all times, meaning that every DJ had to pass an exam to obtain a license to be on-air, if their duties also required them to ensure proper operation of the transmitter. This was often the case on overnight and weekend shifts when there was no broadcast engineer present, and all of the time for small stations with only a contract engineer on call.
In the U.S., it was also necessary to have an operator on duty at all times in case the Emergency Broadcast System (EBS) was used, as this had to be triggered manually. While there has not been a requirement to relay any other warnings, any mandatory messages from the U.S. president would have had to first be authenticated with a code word sealed in a pink envelope sent annually to stations by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).
Gradually, the quality and reliability of electronic equipment improved, regulations were relaxed, and no operator had to be present (or even available) while a station was operating. In the U.S., this came about when the EAS replaced the EBS, starting the movement toward automation to assist, and sometimes take the place of, the live disc jockeys (DJs) and radio personalities. in 1999, The Weather Channel launched Weatherscan Local, a cable television channel that broadcast uninterrupted live local weather information and forecasts. Weatherscan Local became Weatherscan in 2003 but was shut down in 2022.
Early analog systems
Early automation systems were electromechanical systems which used relays. Later systems were "computerized" only to the point of maintaining a schedule, and were limited to radio rather than TV. Music would be stored on reel-to-reel audio tape. Subaudible tones on the tape marked the end of each song. The computer would simply rotate among the tape players until the computer's internal clock matched that of a scheduled event. When a scheduled event would be encountered, the computer would finish the currently-playing song and then execute the scheduled block of events. These events were usually advertisements, but could also include the station's top-of-hour station identification, news, or a bumper promoting the station or its other shows. At the end of the block, the rotation among tapes resumed.
Advertisements, jingles, and the top-of-hour station identification required by law were commonly stored on Fidelipac end |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%27s%20Wedding | "Lisa's Wedding" is the nineteenth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 19, 1995. The plot focuses on Lisa visiting a carnival fortune teller and learning about her future love. It was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Jim Reardon. Mandy Patinkin guest stars as Hugh Parkfield and Phil Hartman guest stars as Troy McClure. The episode won an Emmy Award in 1995 for Outstanding Animated Program, becoming the third episode of The Simpsons to win the award.
Plot
The Simpson family visit a Renaissance fair, where Lisa finds a fortune-telling booth. The clairvoyant says she will predict Lisa's future and tell the story of her true love.
In the year 2010 – 15 years in the future – 23-year-old Lisa meets a fellow university student named Hugh Parkfield from London. The pair fall madly in love and soon plan to marry. Lisa and Hugh travel to Springfield, where they plan to hold the wedding. Marge is still a housewife; 25-year-old Bart is twice-divorced and works as a building demolition expert while planning on going to law school; 16-year-old Maggie apparently never shuts up (although she never talks in the episode, and whenever she tries to she is interrupted); and Homer still works at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant in Sector 7G, with Milhouse as his supervisor.
Despite Lisa's hopes, Hugh does not get along with her family, and is particularly dismayed when Homer wants him to wear family-tradition cufflinks resembling pigs on his wedding day. Lisa begs Hugh to wear the cufflinks, and he agrees on the condition that Lisa abandon her family after the wedding because Hugh is deeply embarrassed by them (although he agrees to let Marge visit once they have children). Outraged, Lisa insists she cannot marry him if he cannot understand that she loves her family members – despite their shortcomings – and calls off the wedding. Hugh returns to England and never sees Lisa again.
In the present, Lisa questions the fortune-teller about her "true love" and the fortune-teller reveals that although Lisa will have a true love, she specializes in foretelling doomed romances. Lisa leaves the booth and finds Homer, who is excited to tell her about his day at the fair.
Production
The episode was written by Greg Daniels and directed by Jim Reardon. The idea for the episode came from James L. Brooks, who called David Mirkin and pitched the idea as traveling to the future and Lisa meeting the perfect guy, who in turn cannot stand her family. Believing that it would be a tough episode to write, Brooks gave the job to Greg Daniels, who was enthusiastic about it and has said that it was a lot easier and more fun to write than expected. The plot involving Homer's cuff links was not in the original draft; it was later added because the writers felt that something was needed to represent Hugh's disdain for the Simpson family. The end theme was redone by |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Frontal%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29 | Full Frontal was an Australian sketch comedy series which ran on the Seven Network from 1993 to 1997. It launched the television careers of Eric Bana, Shaun Micallef, Kitty Flanagan, Julia Morris and Denise Scott.
In 1998 a spin-off of the show moved to Network Ten under the name Totally Full Frontal, losing most of the original cast in the process; it finished in 1999.
Since 2008 till approx 2010, re-runs were screening on The Comedy Channel as part of the channel's "Aussie Gold" block of locally made, classic comedy programming.
History
The series began screening shortly after the similar sketch comedy program Fast Forward (from which Full Frontal derived) ended. Full Frontal retained the same general format of Fast Forward. It was formatted in a way such as to create the effect of someone continuously channel surfing; after the punchline of each sketch, it would abruptly switch to the next as if the viewer had switched channels. However, the new show had an all-new regular cast. Initially, some members of the Fast Forward cast made guest appearances in occasional Full Frontal sketches, easing the transition into the new series. Several members of the new cast had appeared in the earlier The Comedy Company, including Kym Gyngell and Glenn Butcher.
The show first aired on the Seven Network on 13 May 1993, and finished on 15 September 1997.
DVD releases
Full Frontal - Series 1: Vol. 1 (2 Disc Set) - 23 May 2005
Full Frontal - Series 1: Vol. 2 (2 Disc Set) - 20 June 2005
Full Frontal - Series 2: Vol. 1 (2 Disc Set) - 25 October 2006
Full Frontal - Series 2: Vol. 2 (3 Disc Set) - 5 December 2006
Full Frontal - Series 3: Vol. 1 (3 Disc Set) - 20 February 2007
Full Frontal - Series 3: Vol. 2 (3 Disc Set) - 20 February 2007
Full Frontal - Series 1 (4 Disc Set) - 10 February 2010
Full Frontal - Series 2 (5 Disc Set) - 10 February 2010
Full Frontal - Series 3 (6 Disc Set) - 10 February 2010
Full Frontal - Series 4 (6 Disc Set) - 1 June 2011
Full Frontal - Series 5 (4 Disc Set) - 1 June 2011
Totally Full Frontal - Series 1 (4 Disc Set) - 29 June 2011
Totally Full Frontal - Best of Series 2 – 30 November 2011
Totally Full Frontal - Series 2 (3 Disc Set) - 7 March 2012
Series Cast
Seven Network
Years: 1993, Episodes 1-18; 1994, Episodes 19-40; 1995, Episodes 41-66; 1996, Episodes 67-92; 1997, Episodes 93-112.
Matt Parkinson (1993)
Matthew Quartermaine (1993)
Greg Fleet (1993, Episodes 1–9)
Michael Veitch (1993, Episodes 10–18)
Jennifer Ward-Lealand (1993–1994)
Rima Te Wiata (1993–1994)
Eric Bana (1993–1996)
Glenn Butcher (1993–1997)
Kym Gyngell (1993–1997)
Ross Williams (1993–1997)
Denise Scott (1994)
Sue Yardley (1994)
John Walker (1994–1997)
Francis Greenslade (1995, Episodes 49–66)
Julia Morris (1995–1996)
Kitty Flanagan (1995–96, Episodes 41–81)
Daina Reid (1995–1997)
Shaun Micallef (1995–97, Episodes 41–105)
Jackie Loeb (1996)
Darren Gilshenan (1997)
Gabby Millgate (1997)
Ursula Brooks (1997, Episodes 93–99)
Network Ten |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchanter%20%28video%20game%29 | Enchanter is a 1983 interactive fiction computer game written by Marc Blank and Dave Lebling and published by Infocom. The first fantasy game published by Infocom after the Zork trilogy, it was originally intended to be Zork IV. The game has a parser that understands over 700 words, making it the most advanced interactive fiction game of its time. It was Infocom's ninth game.
Plot
Krill, a powerful evil warlock, is spreading chaos and destruction. None of the more experienced members of the Circle of Enchanters dare to attempt to stop him. In desperation, the player, a novice Enchanter with only a few weak spells in his spell book, is sent in hopes that Krill will either fail to detect him or dismiss him as harmless. More powerful spells can be found on scrolls hidden in various locations, but as the player becomes more of a threat, Krill will respond accordingly.
Gameplay
This game has a new spell system based partially on Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea series and partially Dungeons & Dragons''' Vancian spell system, where spells must be prepared through "memorization" before being cast. As in the Earthsea series, each spell is represented by some nonsense "magic word" which is treated as a verb by the game's text parser, so that one can use the FROTZ spell (which causes objects to glow and give off light) by typing FROTZ BOOK, in exactly the same way as one might type PICK UP BOOK or READ BOOK.
Notes
In the game Zork III, a device slowly cycles through "scenes" from each of the Zork games as a number is displayed above it. A depiction of the sacrificial altar from the then-unreleased Enchanter appeared under the number "IV". Creators Dave Lebling and Marc Blank decided during the game's design that the magic system made it a standalone product. It became the first game of its own trilogy, usually referred to as "The Enchanter Trilogy". The others in the series are 1984's Sorcerer and 1985's Spellbreaker.
Infocom rated Enchanter as "Standard" in difficulty.Enchanter is the only game in the Zork universe where lurking grues, although they still exist, are not mentioned by name; the game doesn't even know the word "grue".
The game has 17 ways to die.
Legacy
Robin Wayne Bailey's 1989 novel Enchanter is a companion rather than a novelisation.
In 1993, about ten years after the original Enchanter, a remake of the game with graphics was developed and published by Japanese software development company SystemSoft for the NEC PC-9801, entitled .
Frotz, a modern open-source interpreter for Infocom games (as well as independently written interactive fiction) draws its name from a spell ("cause object to glow with illumination") in Enchanter and its sequels. Another spell, Blorb ("hide an object in a strongbox"), provides the name for a standard wrapper for interactive fiction multimedia resources. Several other IF tools have also been named after spells from the series.
Reception
Released in September, 1983, Infocom sold about 50,000 copies of Encha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMac%20G5 | The iMac G5 is an all-in-one personal computer that was designed, manufactured and sold by Apple Computer from August 2004 to March 2006. It is the final iMac to use a PowerPC processor, making it the last model that could natively run Mac OS 9 (Classic) applications.
The iMac G5 was announced at the Apple Expo 2004 in Paris in August of 2004.
The iMac G5 replaced the iMac G4 and was succeeded in January 2006 by the first Intel-based iMac.
History
In August 2004, the iMac design was overhauled. By this time, the PowerPC 970 (G5) processor had been released and was being used in the Power Mac G5. Famously, the Power Mac G5 needed multiple fans in a large casing (or else liquid cooling, an innovative solution Apple adopted for the highest-end Power Mac G5s) because of the high heat output from those CPU's.
Apple's new iMac managed to incorporate the PowerPC 970 into an all-in-one design with a distinctive form factor. The computer used the same 17 and 20-inch widescreen LCDs found in the iMac G4, with the main logic board and optical drive now mounted directly behind the LCD panel; this gave the appearance of a thickened desktop LCD monitor. The approximately two inches deep enclosure is suspended above the desk by an aluminum arm that can be replaced by a VESA mounting plate. The iMac G5 uses an advanced cooling system controlled by the operating system; at low CPU loads this rendered the iMac G5 virtually silent. Apple boasted that it was the slimmest desktop computer on the market.
The iMac G5 was updated in March 2005 to the Ambient Light Sensor (ALS) revision. It included a handful of configuration differences – more RAM, a larger hard drive, improved graphics, Gigabit Ethernet, and standard AirPort Extreme (802.11g) and Bluetooth 2.0+EDR.
In October 2005, the final revision was released, adding an integrated iSight webcam mounted above the LCD and Apple's Front Row media interface. Other improvements included faster processors, more RAM, larger hard drives, and improved graphics. Notably this became the first Apple computer to use the PCI Express expansion bus and DDR2 SDRAM, with these features appearing shortly before they were incorporated into the Power Mac G5. It was declared "The Gold Standard of desktop PCs" by Walt Mossberg of The Wall Street Journal.
Although the iMac G5 iSight looked outwardly similar to the two previous revisions, it had a slimmer, internally new design. Improvements included superior cooling and performance increases. The stand could no longer be replaced with a VESA mount. This case, unlike the previous models, opened only from the front and requires the LCD screen to be removed before internal components can be accessed. Apple recommend no user service items other than RAM, which is accessible through a small door at the base of the housing. In the intervening years, many guides have been posted on the internet to support replacing other components including the hard drive and optical drive, though doin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20server | A video server is a computer-based device that is dedicated to delivering video. Video servers are used in a number of applications, and often have additional functions and capabilities that address the needs of particular applications. For example, video servers used in security, surveillance and inspection applications typically are designed to capture video from one or more cameras and deliver the video via a computer network. In video production and broadcast applications, a video server may have the ability to record and play recorded video, and to deliver many video streams simultaneously.
Video broadcast and production
In TV broadcast industries, a server is a device used to store broadcast quality images and allows several users to edit stories using the images they contain simultaneously.
The video server can be used in a number of contexts, some of which include:
News: providing short news video clips as part of a news broadcast as seen on networks such as CNN, Fox News and the BBC.
Production: enhance live events with instant replays and slow motion and highlights (sport production) (see OB Vans)
Instruction: delivering course material in video format.
Public Access: delivering city specific information to residents over a cable system.
Surveillance: deliver real-time video images of protected site.
Entertainment: deliver anything used for entertainment. It can be gaming, news, movie trailers, or movies.
A professional-grade video server performs recording, storage, and playout of multiple video streams without any degradation of the video signal. Broadcast quality video servers often store hundreds of hours of compressed audio and video (in different codecs), play out multiple and synchronised simultaneous streams of video by, and offer quality interfaces such as SDI for digital video and XLR for balanced analog audio, AES/EBU digital audio and also Time Code. A genlock input is usually provided to provide a means of synchronizing with the house reference clock, thereby avoiding the need for timebase correction or frame synchronizers.
Video servers usually offer some type of control interface allowing them to be driven by broadcast automation systems that incorporate sophisticated broadcast programming applications. Popular protocols include VDCP and the 9-Pin Protocol.
They can optionally allow direct to disk recording using the same codec that is used in various post-production video editing software packages to prevent any wasted time in transcoding.
Features
Typically, a video server can do the following:
Ingest of different sources : video cameras (multiple angles), satellite data feeds, disk drives and other video servers. This can be done in different codecs.
Temporary or definitive storage of these video feeds.
Maintain a clear structure of all stored media with appropriate metadata to allow fast search : name, remarks, rating, date, time code, etc.
video editing of the different clips
Transfer those c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20%28English%20former%20radio%20network%29 | Magic was an AM radio network based in Northern England.
History
The Magic brand in UK radio originated with Magic 828, the sister station of Radio Aire in Leeds which was launched in July 1990, although no other stations were branded 'Magic' until the Emap group purchased the Metro Radio group in 1995. It can be regarded as the successor to Great North Radio which was a small network in the North East that consisted of what became Magic 1170 and Magic 1152. Preston's Red Rose Gold was the last to be converted to the Magic brand, in 2000, two or so years since the conversion of the majority of the stations. In London, Melody FM was rebranded Magic 105.4 in 1998.
The northern AM stations played Hot Adult Contemporary music. The playlists of these Magic stations predominantly consisted of hits from the 1960s and 1970s, although music from other decades was included in the mix.
The London station is more laid-back and its playlist more contemporary, playing soft adult contemporary hits from the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. The London station is branded with the tagline, "More music, less talk".
On 5 January 2015, the network merged with the Greatest Hits Network of Scottish AM stations to form the Bauer City 2 network. The London-based Magic became available nationally via DAB at the same time.
Directory of stations
Television channel
Following the success of the radio stations, Emap set up a corresponding Magic TV channel which is available through satellite and cable television systems and plays non-stop videos of songs established as typical of the Magic brand.
Magic albums
The Magic network released several albums since the formation of the network in the late 1990s. The albums predominantly feature music on the Magic 105.4 play list, but were also promoted on the Northern England stations too.
References
External links
Bauer Radio
Former British radio networks
Franchised radio formats |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon | Fon or FON may refer to:
Terms
Fon (title), a traditional title for a ruler in Cameroon
Fiber-optic network
Freedom of navigation
The chemistry mnemonic "FON", used for determining which elements hydrogen forms hydrogen bonds with.
Fon language, spoken by the Fon people
Funding Opportunity Number, assigned by United States federal agencies to available grants
Organizations
Fon (company), a Wi-Fi provider
Federation of Ontario Naturalists, now Ontario Nature, a Canadian environmental organization
FON University, university in Macedonia
University of Belgrade Faculty of Organizational Sciences, faculty in Serbia
Fundusz Obrony Narodowej, or Fund for National Defense, a collection attempt in Poland prior to World War II
Sprint Corporation
People
Fon people, a major West African ethnic and linguistic group
Bryn Fôn (born 1954), Welsh actor and musician
Other
Fish On Next, a video game
Fon Fjord in Greenland
See also
Fun (disambiguation)
Fawn (disambiguation)
Faun (disambiguation)
Phon (disambiguation)
Language and nationality disambiguation pages |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20controller%20%28Windows%29 | On Microsoft Servers, a domain controller (DC) is a server computer that responds to security authentication requests (logging in, etc.) within a Windows domain. A domain is a concept introduced in Windows NT whereby a user may be granted access to a number of computer resources with the use of a single username and password combination.
History
With Windows NT 4 Server, one domain controller per domain was configured as the primary domain controller (PDC); all other domain controllers were backup domain controllers (BDC).
Because of the critical nature of the PDC, best practices dictated that the PDC should be dedicated solely to domain services, and not used for file, print or application services that could slow down or crash the system. Some network administrators took the additional step of having a dedicated BDC online for the express purpose of being available for promotion if the PDC failed.
A BDC could authenticate the users in a domain, but all updates to the domain (new users, changed passwords, group membership, etc.) could only be made via the PDC, which would then propagate these changes to all BDCs in the domain. If the PDC was unavailable (or unable to communicate with the user requesting the change), the update would fail. If the PDC was permanently unavailable (e.g. if the machine failed), an existing BDC could be promoted to be a PDC.
Windows 2000 and later versions introduced Active Directory ("AD"), which largely eliminated the concept of PDC and BDC in favor of multi-master replication. However, there are still several roles that only one domain controller can perform, called the Flexible single master operation roles. Some of these roles must be filled by one DC per domain, while others only require one DC per AD forest. If the server performing one of these roles is lost, the domain can still function, and if the server will not be available again, an administrator can designate an alternate DC to assume the role in a process known as "seizing" the role.
Primary domain controller
In Windows NT 4, one DC serves as the primary domain controller (PDC). Others, if they exist, are usually a backup domain controller (BDC). The PDC is typically designated as the "first". The "User Manager for Domains" is a utility for maintaining user/group information. It uses the domain security database on the primary controller. The PDC has the master copy of the user accounts database which it can access and modify. The BDC computers have a copy of this database, but these copies are read-only. The PDC will replicate its account database to the BDCs on a regular basis. The BDCs exist in order to provide a backup to the PDC, and can also be used to authenticate users logging on to the network. If a PDC should fail, one of the BDCs can then be promoted to take its place. The PDC will usually be the first domain controller that was created unless it was replaced by a promoted BDC.
PDC emulation (Prim |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBN | CBN, or cbn, may refer to:
Broadcasting organizations
Radio stations in St. John's, Newfoundland:
CBN (AM), CBC Radio One
CBN-FM, CBC Music
Chronicle Broadcasting Network, the predecessor of ABS-CBN
CBN (Australian TV station), a TV station in southern New South Wales, Australia
Central Brasileira de Notícias, a Brazilian radio network
Christian Broadcasting Network, United States
Caribbean Broadcast Network, British Virgin Islands
Commonwealth Broadcasting Network, Canada
Other organizations
Central Bank of Nigeria
Canadian Bank Note Company, security printers
China Business Network, Chinese media company
Colorado Badged Network, a Colorado cannabis industry organization
Compal Broadband Networks, a brand of Compal Electronics
Academic and education
Convent Bukit Nanas, a Malaysian all-girls school
Persons
N. Chandrababu Naidu (born 1950), Indian politician
Science, technology, and medicine
Chemical, biological, or nuclear (warfare or defence): types of weapon of mass destruction
Related terms: NRBC (nuclear, radiological, biological, and chemical); CBRN (chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear); NBC (nuclear, biological, and chemical)
Cannabinol, a non-psychoactive cannabinoid from the Cannabis plant
Cubic boron nitride, a high-hardness material useful for abrasive cutting and for coatings for machine parts
Certified Bariatric Nurse, one of many nursing credentials and certifications
Transportation
CBN, the IATA code for Penggung Airport, West Java, Indonesia
CBN, the MTR code for Causeway Bay North station, Hong Kong
CBN, the National Rail code for Camborne railway station, Cornwall, UK
See also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typecasting%20%28disambiguation%29 | Typecasting is the process by which an actor is strongly identified with a specific character, role, or trait.
Typecast, typecasting, or type casting may also refer to:
Type casting (computer programming), the act or result of changing an entity of one data type into another
Type casting (typography), a technique for casting individual letters for use in printing presses
Typecast (band), a Filipino band
Typecast (horse), an American racehorse
See also
Stereotyping, similar to the acting concept |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knick%20Knack | Knick Knack is a 1989 American computer-animated short film produced by Pixar that was written and directed by John Lasseter. The short is about a snow globe snowman who wants to join the other travel souvenirs in a summer-themed party. However, the glass dome that surrounds him prevents him from doing so, thus leading to his many attempts to break out of his snow globe. Knick Knack is Pixar's fourth short and the final short produced during the company's tenure as a hardware company.
The short stands out from Lasseter's other early short films at Pixar in its reliance on pure comedy to drive the story. It was inspired by Tom and Jerry, Looney Tunes, and the work of animators Chuck Jones and Tex Avery. Lasseter and his wife, Nancy, collected snow globes and also enjoyed souvenirs from distant places and those elements made their way into the short as well. Singer Bobby McFerrin improvised the a cappella vocal jazz soundtrack to the film while watching a rough cut which was eventually left unchanged in its final edition.
Knick Knack premiered at the 1989 SIGGRAPH convention in Boston and was presented in 3D. The short has enjoyed positive reviews since its debut and has been screened as a part of numerous film festivals. The short has now been associated with Finding Nemo, with a remade version of the short being shown before it in that film's original theatrical runs.
Plot
On a bookshelf filled with vacation-themed souvenirs, a lonely and grumpy playboy knick-knack named Knick the Snowman (who is Frosty the Snowman's cousin, according to the audio commentary), who resides in a Nome, Alaska snow globe, wants to reach a female "Sunny Miami" knick-knack that shows an attractive blonde and tanned pool-lounger, wearing a blue speedo and sunglasses. Knick tries several unsuccessful methods to break out of the globe, which includes ramming the glass with the snow globe's igloo backdrop, using his carrot nose and a hammer on the glass, using a jackhammer (which causes his facial features to fall off), trying to cut the glass using a blowtorch and an igniter, and detonating TNT explosives. The latter causes the globe to fall over the edge. Knick notices an emergency exit in the base and frees himself just before he and the globe fall into a fishbowl where Knick sees an identical mermaid souvenir from "Sunny Atlantis" and starts gawking at her, this only backfires when he attempts to run towards her, the globe settles to the bottom and traps him again, much to his annoyance.
Background
In 1988, Pixar's third short film, Tin Toy, won the Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film, the first computer-animated film to claim the award. It was also the first win for the hardware company, which was still struggling to sell its main product: the Pixar Image Computer. The key animator and director behind Tin Toy, John Lasseter, had once worked at Disney several years prior but was fired by unknowingly stepping on his superiors' toes with his support for comp |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguasphere%20Observatory | The Linguasphere Observatory (or the Observatoire, based on its original French and legal title: Observatoire Linguistique) is a non-profit transnational research network, devoted (alongside related programs) to the gathering, study, classification, editing and free distribution online of the updatable text (initially in English) of a fully indexed and comprehensive Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities.
History
The Observatoire was created in Quebec in 1983 and was subsequently established and registered in Normandy as a non-profit association under the honorary presidency of the late Léopold Sédar Senghor, a French-language poet and the first president of Senegal. Its founding director is David Dalby, former director of the International African Institute and emeritus reader in the University of London, and its first research secretary was Philippe Blanchet, a Provençal-language poet currently serving as Professor of Sociolinguistics at the University of Rennes. Since 2010, the deputy director and webmaster of the Observatoire has been Pierrick le Feuvre, with the chairman of its research council being Roland Breton, emeritus professor at the University of Paris VIII. The Observatoire's research hub is currently based in the preserved county of Dyfed, Wales and, in the European Union, in Normandy, France. Its title in Welsh is Wylfa Ieithoedd, literally the "Observatory (of) languages", together with its publishing program (in Cymraeg or "Welsh" = cy. Gwasg y Byd Iaith, i.e. "Press (of) the World (of) Language").
The Observatoire has developed an innovative scheme of philological classification, coding all living and recorded languages within a global referential framework or "linguascale". This Linguascale Framework uses a decimal structure (see below) to record both genetic and geographic categories of relationship (termed phylozones and geozones, respectively).
In 1999/2000, the Observatoire published its first 2-volume Linguasphere Register of the World's Languages and Speech Communities. Reviews were published by Edward J. Vajda in Language and by Anthony P. Grant in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Society.
The Observatoire has now prepared a revised edition of the Linguasphere Register from 2010, the first of a projected series of regular updates at 10-year intervals. The current edition (LS-2010), comprising substantial materials from the foundation edition of 2000, is published online from 2011 as a freely available public resource and an online data-base, compiled and co-ordinated by David Dalby and Pierrick le Feuvre. Provision is made for the online gathering of additional and improved data, and for the open discussion of proposals and criticisms.
From 2001 until December 2005, the Linguasphere Observatory was actively involved in collaboration with the British Standards Institution BSI Group and with ISO/TC 37in the design and development of a four-letter (alpha-4) code covering—potentially— |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20sociology | Computational sociology is a branch of sociology that uses computationally intensive methods to analyze and model social phenomena. Using computer simulations, artificial intelligence, complex statistical methods, and analytic approaches like social network analysis, computational sociology develops and tests theories of complex social processes through bottom-up modeling of social interactions.
It involves the understanding of social agents, the interaction among these agents, and the effect of these interactions on the social aggregate. Although the subject matter and methodologies in social science differ from those in natural science or computer science, several of the approaches used in contemporary social simulation originated from fields such as physics and artificial intelligence. Some of the approaches that originated in this field have been imported into the natural sciences, such as measures of network centrality from the fields of social network analysis and network science.
In relevant literature, computational sociology is often related to the study of social complexity. Social complexity concepts such as complex systems, non-linear interconnection among macro and micro process, and emergence, have entered the vocabulary of computational sociology. A practical and well-known example is the construction of a computational model in the form of an "artificial society", by which researchers can analyze the structure of a social system.
History
Background
In the past four decades, computational sociology has been introduced and gaining popularity . This has been used primarily for modeling or building explanations of social processes and are depending on the emergence of complex behavior from simple activities. The idea behind emergence is that properties of any bigger system do not always have to be properties of the components that the system is made of. Alexander, Morgan, and Broad, classical emergentists, introduced the idea of emergence in the early 20th century. The aim of this method was to find a good enough accommodation between two different and extreme ontologies, which were reductionist materialism and dualism.
While emergence has had a valuable and important role with the foundation of Computational Sociology, there are those who do not necessarily agree. One major leader in the field, Epstein, doubted the use because there were aspects that are unexplainable. Epstein put up a claim against emergentism, in which he says it "is precisely the generative sufficiency of the parts that constitutes the whole's explanation".
Agent-based models have had a historical influence on Computational Sociology. These models first came around in the 1960s, and were used to simulate control and feedback processes in organizations, cities, etc. During the 1970s, the application introduced the use of individuals as the main units for the analyses and used bottom-up strategies for modeling behaviors. The last wave occurred in t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Society%20of%20Southern%20Africa | The Computer Society of South Africa is a representative association for ICT practitioners and professionals throughout South Africa.
The Computer Society of South Africa focuses its activities, events and publications in five primary areas:
ICT Policy representing industry practitioners at a local level.
Education and training to elevate the level of ICT capability in South Africa.
Professional development and advancement.
Community development, in terms of projects, that enhances the standards and levels of ICT for the greater good of the country.
See also
Australian Computer Society (ACS)
British Computer Society (BCS)
Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS)
New Zealand Computer Society (NZCS)
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
External links
Home Page
Professional associations based in South Africa
Research institutes in South Africa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.1 | Windows NT 3.1 is the first major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft, released on July 27, 1993.
At the time of Windows NT's release, Microsoft's Windows 3.1 desktop environment had established brand recognition and market share; but Windows 3.1 relied on the DOS operating system for essential functions, and it had a constrictive 16-bit architecture. Windows NT, however, was a complete, 32-bit operating system that retained a desktop environment familiar to Windows 3.1 users.
By extending the Windows brand and beginning Windows NT at version 3.1, Microsoft implied that consumers should expect a familiar user experience. The name Windows NT ("New Technology") advertised that this was a re-engineered version of Windows.
Windows NT began as a rewrite of the OS/2 operating system, which Microsoft had co-developed with IBM in the 1980s. For several reasons, including the market success of Windows 3.0 in 1990, Microsoft decided to advance Windows rather than OS/2. They relinquished their OS/2 development responsibilities to IBM, and forked their work on OS/2 v3.0 into a competing operating system. Windows NT 3.1 sold about 300,000 copies before it was succeeded by Windows NT 3.5 in 1994.
Windows NT 3.1 was available in two editions: Windows NT 3.1 for workstations, and Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server for servers. When these premiered, their sales were limited by high system requirements, and a general lack of 32-bit applications to take advantage of the OS's data processing capabilities.
On December 31, 2000, Microsoft declared Windows NT 3.1 obsolete and stopped providing support and updates for the system.
Development history
The origins of Windows NT date back to 1988, where Microsoft had a major foothold on the personal computer market due to the use of its MS-DOS as the operating system of IBM PC compatibles. Nathan Myhrvold, who had joined Microsoft after its acquisition of Dynamical Systems Research, identified two major threats to Microsoft's monopoly—RISC architectures, which proved to be more powerful than the equivalent Intel processors that MS-DOS ran on, and Unix, a family of cross-platform multitasking operating systems with support for multiprocessing and networking. While the widespread use of Unix was hindered by the need to adapt programs for each individual variant, Bill Gates believed that the combination of a Unix-like operating system with RISC processors could be a market threat, prompting the need for Microsoft to develop a "Unix killer" that could run on multiple architectures. Myhrvold wanted to develop a new system that would run on RISC workstations and Intel chips and multiprocessing computers. Gates had also hired Dave Cutler from Digital Equipment Corporation to assist in developing the new operating system; Cutler left DEC after the cancellation of the PRISM architecture and its MICA operating system, and agreed to join Microsoft on the condition that he be able to bring a number of s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.5 | Windows NT 3.5 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and oriented towards businesses. It was released on September 21, 1994, as the successor to Windows NT 3.1 and the predecessor to Windows NT 3.51.
One of the primary goals during Windows NT 3.5 development was to improve the operating system's performance. As a result, the project was codenamed "Daytona", after the Daytona International Speedway in Daytona Beach, Florida.
On December 31, 2001, Microsoft declared Windows NT 3.5 obsolete and stopped providing support and updates for the system.
Features
Windows NT 3.5 comes in two editions: NT Workstation and NT Server. They respectively replace the NT and NT Advanced Server editions of Windows NT 3.1. The Workstation edition allows only 10 concurrent clients to access the file server and does not support Mac clients.
Windows NT 3.5 includes integrated Winsock and TCP/IP support. (Its predecessor, Windows NT 3.1, only includes an incomplete implementation of TCP/IP based on the AT&T UNIX System V "STREAMS" API.) TCP/IP and IPX/SPX stacks in Windows NT 3.5 are rewritten. NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT) support as a compatibility layer for TCP/IP was introduced as also the Microsoft DHCP and WINS clients and DHCP and WINS servers.
Windows NT 3.5 can share files via the File Transfer Protocol, and printers through the Line Printer Daemon protocol. It can act as a Gopher, HTTP, or WAIS server, and includes Remote Access Service for remote dial-up modem access to LAN services using either SLIP or PPP protocols. Windows NT 3.5 Resource Kit includes the first implementation of Microsoft DNS.
Other new features in Windows NT 3.5 include support for the VFAT file system, Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) version 2.0 and support for input/output completion ports. Microsoft updated the graphical user interface to be consistent with that of Windows for Workgroups 3.11. NT 3.5 shows performance improvements over NT 3.1, and requires less memory.
Limitations
A lack of drivers for PCMCIA cards limited NT 3.5's suitability for notebook computers.
To install Windows NT 3.5 on a computer that has a sixth-generation or later x86 processor, one has to modify files on the installation CD-ROM.
Reception
In July 1995, Windows NT 3.5 with Service Pack 3 was rated by the National Security Agency as complying with Trusted Computer System Evaluation Criteria (TCSEC) C2 criteria.
Source code
In May 2020, the full source code for the second release candidate build (build 782.1) of Windows NT 3.5, along with source code for the original Xbox leaked onto the Internet. Microsoft stated it had nothing to share about the leaks.
References
External links
Guidebook: Windows NT 3.51 Gallery – A website dedicated to preserving and showcasing Graphical User Interfaces
1994 software
Products and services discontinued in 2001
3.5
IA-32 operating systems
MIPS operating systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20NT%203.51 | Windows NT 3.51 is a major release of the Windows NT operating system developed by Microsoft and oriented towards businesses. It is the third version of Windows NT and was released on May 30, 1995, eight months following the release of Windows NT 3.5. The most significant enhancement offered in this release was that it provides client/server support for inter-operating with Windows 95, which was released almost three months after NT 3.51. Windows NT 4.0 became its successor a year later. Mainstream support for Windows NT 3.51 Workstation ended on December 31, 2000, and extended support ended on December 31, 2001, while Windows NT 3.51 Server mainstream support ended on September 30, 2000, followed by extended support on September 30, 2002. Both editions were succeeded by Windows NT 4.0 Workstation and Windows NT 4.0 Server, respectively.
Overview
The release of Windows NT 3.51 was dubbed "the PowerPC release" at Microsoft. The original intention was to release a PowerPC edition of NT 3.5, but according to Microsoft's David Thompson, "we basically sat around for 9 months fixing bugs while we waited for IBM to finish the Power PC hardware". Editions of NT 3.51 were also released for the x86, MIPS, and Alpha architectures.
New features introduced in Windows NT 3.51 include PCMCIA support, NTFS file compression, replaceable WinLogon (GINA), 3D support in OpenGL, persistent IP routes when using TCP/IP, automatic display of textual descriptions when the mouse pointer was placed on toolbar buttons ("tooltips") and support for Windows 95 common controls.
In view of the significant difference in the kernel base, Windows NT 3.51 is readily able to run a large number of Win32 applications designed for Windows 95. More recent 32-bit applications will not work, as the developers have prevented their application from working with any Windows version earlier than Windows 98, and also because some applications do not work properly with the older Windows NT 3.51 interface.
Despite this, Microsoft in their application releases muddied the issue, releasing 32-bit versions of Microsoft Office right up to Office 97 (the last version of Microsoft Office supported on NT 3.51), but relying upon 16-bit versions of Internet Explorer technology from versions 3.0 to 5.0. Web browsers based on and including Firefox were operable up to version 2.0.0.22, released in April 2009; they required a few manual file updates to work without compromising browsing security.
Windows NT 3.51 is the last of the series to be compatible with the Intel 80386 processor.
NewShell
On May 26, 1995, Microsoft released a test version of a shell refresh, named the Shell Technology Preview, and often referred to informally as "NewShell". This was the first incarnation of the modern Windows GUI with the Taskbar and Start menu. It was designed to replace the Windows 3.x Program Manager/File Manager based shell with Windows Explorer-based graphical user interface. The release provided capabilities |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos%20Aires%20Underground | The Buenos Aires Underground (), locally known as Subte (), is a rapid transit system that serves the area of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The first section of this network (Plaza de Mayo–Plaza Miserere) opened in 1913, making it the 13th subway in the world and the first underground railway in Latin America, the Southern Hemisphere, and the Spanish-speaking world, with the Madrid Metro opening five years later, in 1919. As of 2023, Buenos Aires is the only Argentine city with a metro system.
Currently, the underground network's six lines—A, B, C, D, E, and H—comprise of routes that serve 90 stations. The network is complemented by the Premetro line, and the Urquiza suburban line, with 17 more stations in total. Traffic on lines moves on the left because Argentina drove on the left at the time the system opened. Over a million passengers use the network, which also provides connections with the city's extensive commuter rail and bus rapid transport networks.
The network expanded rapidly during the early decades of the 20th century; by 1944, its main routes were completed, with the addition of its newest line occurring as late as 2007. The pace of expansion fell sharply after the Second World War. In the late 1990s, expansion resumed at a quicker pace, and four new lines were planned for the network. Despite this, the network's expansion has been largely exceeded by the transportation needs of the city and is said to be overcrowded. As of 2015, two modernisation plans have been presented: City of Buenos Aires law 670, proposing the creation of 3 new lines (F, G, and I), and the PETERS plan, wherein 2 lines are created and the I line is postponed for future expansion, plus several other route amendments. Since 2019, there are no expansions under construction, for the first time in half a century.
The entire network was nationalised in 1939, remaining in state hands and operation until the mid-1990s, when it entered into a concession model. The previously state-operated lines were offered as 20-year concessions to interested private parties; the two complementary lines were also included in this privatisation, and all have been operated by Metrovías since 1995, though the network and rolling stock remain the property of the City of Buenos Aires.
History
The Subte opened in 1913, becoming the 13th underground system in the world, as well as the first in Latin America, the Southern Hemisphere and the Hispanophone world, followed by the Madrid Metro in 1919. The network was originally built and operated by three separate private companies and later nationalised in 1939. In 1952 it was absorbed by a unified state administration, in 1963 it became the property of a newly founded company, which changed hands in 1979. The Subte then entered into a concession model in the mid-1990s through which private sector parties were to submit bids to execute investment plans "designed and funded" by the state, while implemented by the concessionaire. A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20GCD%20algorithm | The binary GCD algorithm, also known as Stein's algorithm or the binary Euclidean algorithm, is an algorithm that computes the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two nonnegative integers. Stein's algorithm uses simpler arithmetic operations than the conventional Euclidean algorithm; it replaces division with arithmetic shifts, comparisons, and subtraction.
Although the algorithm in its contemporary form was first published by the Israeli physicist and programmer Josef Stein in 1967, it may have been known by the 2nd century BCE, in ancient China.
Algorithm
The algorithm reduces the problem of finding the GCD of two nonnegative numbers v and u by repeatedly applying these identities:
gcd(0, v) = v, because everything divides zero, and v is the largest number that divides v. Similarly, gcd(u, 0) = u.
gcd(2u, 2v) = 2·gcd(u, v)
gcd(2u, v) = gcd(u, v), if v is odd (2 is not a common divisor). Similarly, gcd(u, 2v) = gcd(u, v) if u is odd.
gcd(u, v) = gcd(|u − v|, min(u, v)), if u and v are both odd.
Implementation
While the above description of the algorithm is mathematically correct, performant software implementations typically differ from it in a few notable ways:
eschewing trial division by in favour of a single bitshift and the count trailing zeros primitive; this is functionally equivalent to repeatedly applying identity 3, but much faster;
expressing the algorithm iteratively rather than recursively: the resulting implementation can be laid out to avoid repeated work, invoking identity 2 at the start and maintaining as invariant that both numbers are odd upon entering the loop, which only needs to implement identities 3 and 4;
after the initial checks for either number being zero, using the fact that to stop when rather than doing an extra subtraction to get .
Following is an implementation of the algorithm in Rust exemplifying those differences, adapted from uutils:
/// Gives the greatest common denominator of the two inputs, unless that's 2³¹.
/// 2³¹ doesn't fit in an `i32`, so it returns -2³¹, which does.
pub fn gcd(u: i32, v: i32) -> i32 {
// `wrapping_abs` gives a number's absolute value, unless that's 2³¹. 2³¹
// won't fit in `i32`, so it gives -2³¹ instead.
let mut v = v.wrapping_abs() as u32;
if u == 0 {
return v as i32;
}
let mut u = u.wrapping_abs() as u32;
if v == 0 {
return u as i32;
}
// `|` is bitwise OR. `trailing_zeros` quickly counts a binary number's
// trailing zeros, giving its prime factorization's exponent on two.
let gcd_exponent_on_two = (u | v).trailing_zeros();
// `>>=` divides the left by two to the power of the right, storing that in
// the left variable. `u` divided by its prime factorization's power of two
// turns it odd.
u >>= u.trailing_zeros();
v >>= v.trailing_zeros();
while u != v {
if u < v {
// Swap the variables' values with each other.
core::mem::swap(&mut u, &mut v);
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial%20society | An artificial society is an agent-based computational model for computer simulation in social analysis. It is mostly connected to the themes of complex systems, emergence, the Monte Carlo method, computational sociology, multi-agent systems, and evolutionary programming. While the concept was simple, actually realizing this conceptual point took a while. Complex mathematical models have been, and are, common; deceivingly simple models only have their roots in the late forties, and took the advent of the microcomputer to really get up to speed.
Overview
The aim is to construct parallel simulations consisting of computational devices, referred to as agents, with given properties, in order to model the target phenomena. The subject is the process of emergence from the lower (micro) level of a social system to the higher (or macro) level.
The history of agent-based modeling can be traced back to Von Neumann machines, the concept of a machine capable of reproduction. The device he proposed would follow precisely detailed instructions to fashion a copy of itself. The concept was then extended by von Neumann's friend Stanislaw Ulam, also a mathematician, who suggested that the machine be built on paper, as a collection of cells on a grid. The idea intrigued von Neumann, who drew it up, thus creating the first of the devices later termed cellular automata.
A further advance was achieved by mathematician John Conway. He constructed the well-known game of life. Unlike von Neumann's machine, Conway's Game of Life operated according to tremendously simple rules in a virtual world in the form of a 2-dimensional checkerboard.
The application of the agent-based model as a social model was primarily initiated by computer scientist Craig Reynolds. He attempted to model living biological agents, a method known as artificial life, a term coined by Christopher Langton.
The computational methods of artificial life were applied to the analysis of social systems, christened "the artificial society" by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell. Eventually, the artificial society provided a new method for sociological analysis in the form of computational sociology. The principal problem is that of classical sociology, the issue of macro-micro linkage: as first articulated by French Sociologist Émile Durkheim, the question of how individuals within a social system influence and are influenced by the macrosocial level.
The artificial society has been widely accepted by recent sociology as a promising method characterized by the extensive use of computer programs and computer simulations which include evolutionary algorithms (EA), genetic algorithms (GA), genetic programming (GP), memetic programming (MP), agent based models, and cellular automata (CA).
For many, artificial society is a meeting point for people from many other more traditional fields in interdisciplinary research, such as linguistics, social physics, mathematics, philosophy, law, computer sc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anticybersquatting%20Consumer%20Protection%20Act | The Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act (ACPA), 15 U.S.C. § 1125(d),(passed as part of ) is a U.S. law enacted in 1999 that established a cause of action for registering, trafficking in, or using a domain name confusingly similar to, or dilutive of, a trademark or personal name. The law was designed to thwart "cybersquatters" who register Internet domain names containing trademarks with no intention of creating a legitimate web site, but instead plan to sell the domain name to the trademark owner or a third party. Critics of the ACPA complain about the non-global scope of the Act and its potential to restrict free speech, while others dispute these complaints. Before the ACPA was enacted, trademark owners relied heavily on the Federal Trademark Dilution Act (FTDA) to sue domain name registrants. The FTDA was enacted in 1995 in part with the intent to curb domain name abuses. The legislative history of the FTDA specifically mentions that trademark dilution in domain names was a matter of Congressional concern motivating the Act. Senator Leahy stated that "it is my hope that this anti-dilution statute can help stem the use of deceptive Internet addresses taken by those who are choosing marks that are associated with the products and reputations of others".
For example, in Panavision Int'l L.P. v. Toeppen, 141 F.3d 1316 (9th Cir. 1998), Dennis Toeppen registered the domain name Panavision.com. Panavision, the trademark owner, learned that Toeppen had registered its trademark when it attempted to register the trademark "Panavision" as a domain name. Toeppen was using the domain panavision.com to display photographs of Pana, Illinois, and, when asked to cease, he offered to sell the domain name to Panavision for $13,000. After Panavision refused to buy the domain name from Toeppen, he registered its other trademark, Panaflex, as a domain name. The Court held that the FTDA could be violated without the traditional tarnishing or blurring the courts had required. Rulings like this extended the FTDA substantially.
Overview
Under the ACPA, a trademark owner may bring a cause of action against a domain name registrant who:
Has a bad faith intent to profit from the mark
Registers, traffics in, or uses a domain name that is
Identical or confusingly similar to a distinctive mark
Identical or confusingly similar to or dilutive of a famous mark
Is a trademark protected by 18 U.S.C. § 706 (marks involving the Red Cross) or 36 U.S.C. § 220506 (marks related to the "Olympics")
A trademark is famous if the owner can prove that the mark "is widely recognized by the general consuming public of the United States as a designation of source of the goods or services of the mark's owner".
"Trafficking" in the context of domain names includes, but is not limited to "sales, purchases, loans, pledges, licenses, exchanges of currency, and any other transfer for consideration or receipt in exchange for consideration". The ACPA also requires that the mark be disti |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarus%20%28typography%20software%29 | Ikarus is a type design and production software developed by URW and Brendel Informatik foundries, for converting existing typefaces and logos into digital format for use on computer driven printing, plotting and sign cutting devices.
It was licensed by major foundries such as Agfa-Compugraphic, Autologic, Berthold, ITC International Typeface Corporation, Letraset, Linotype, Monotype, Stempel, and others.
Its "IK" format was convertible into diverse vendor representations, including Type3 and Type1 PostScript formats as well as the TrueType format by Apple and Microsoft.
Ikarus uses a spline model of the outline shape of each character within a typeface to give a fully scalable representation. The curve segments are essentially circle arcs, with tangent continuity maintained at joins. It is a very simple format to mark up manually. Being a vector/curve based format, any rendering resolution can be attained (by rasterisation) with equal accuracy from one relatively small set of data. The Ikarus coordinates for a shape all fall on the outline of that shape (as opposed to Bézier curves where 'control' points can be inside or outside the outline).
The functionality of Ikarus can be expanded using plug-ins.
History
Originally invented by URW employee Dr Peter Karow, Ikarus (German spelling of the mythical figure Icarus) got its name from the frequency with which it crashed in the early days of its development. It was designed to run on minicomputers such as DEC VAX and later adapted to microcomputers as they became increasingly powerful. In 1975, IKARUS was introduced at ATypI in Warsaw.
By the 1980s a huge library of typefaces and logos existed as photographic film and needed to be input into computers for the latest generation of printing and sign-making devices. Unfortunately, normal scanning gives a rasterized shape at the resolution of the scanning device which leads to degradation of quality when scaling up and down. This is a particular concern in the sign making industry where individual letters may be metres across, many times the size of the original artwork. Ikarus enables a human operator to input the features of a complex shape with curves, corners and straight lines (e.g. a letter of the alphabet) to a computer which stores it as a mathematical representation, for all intents and purposes independent of the size of the original artwork and of the final output. A version of Ikarus tailored for signmaking applications was released by URW as "Signus".
The advent of desktop publishing in the 1980s using Apple Macintosh computers coupled with laser printers led to a shift away from a small number of specialized print bureaux acquiring relatively expensive fonts to a growing market for cheap mass-produced fonts. The drawback of Ikarus for catering for this new market was that, while extremely accurate, it was very labour-intensive.
After Adobe Systems started licensing BuildFont, its technology for converting existing digital typeface |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-gram | n-gram is a series of n adjacent letters (including punctuation marks and blanks), syllables, or rarely whole words found in a language dataset; or adjacent phonemes extracted from a speech-recording dataset, or adjacent base pairs extracted from a genome. They are collected from a text or speech corpus. If Latin numerical prefixes are used, then n-gram of size 1 is called a "unigram", size 2 a "bigram" (or, less commonly, a "digram") etc. If, instead of the Latin ones, the English cardinal numbers are furtherly used, then they are called "four-gram", "five-gram", etc. Similarly, using Greek numerical prefixes such as "monomer", "dimer", "trimer", "tetramer", "pentamer", etc., or English cardinal numbers, "one-mer", "two-mer", "three-mer", etc. are used in computational biology, for polymers or oligomers of a known size, called k-mers. When the items are words, -grams may also be called shingles.
Examples
Figure 1 shows several example sequences and the corresponding 1-gram, 2-gram and 3-gram sequences.
Here are further examples; these are word-level 3-grams and 4-grams (and counts of the number of times they appeared) from the Google n-gram corpus.
3-grams
ceramics collectables collectibles (55)
ceramics collectables fine (130)
ceramics collected by (52)
ceramics collectible pottery (50)
ceramics collectibles cooking (45)
4-grams
serve as the incoming (92)
serve as the incubator (99)
serve as the independent (794)
serve as the index (223)
serve as the indication (72)
serve as the indicator (120)
References
Further reading
Christopher D. Manning, Hinrich Schütze, Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing, MIT Press: 1999. .
Frederick J. Damerau, Markov Models and Linguistic Theory. Mouton. The Hague, 1971.
External links
Ngram Extractor: Gives weight of n-gram based on their frequency.
Google's Google Books n-gram viewer and Web n-grams database (September 2006)
STATOPERATOR N-grams Project Weighted n-gram viewer for every domain in Alexa Top 1M
1,000,000 most frequent 2,3,4,5-grams from the 425 million word Corpus of Contemporary American English
Peachnote's music ngram viewer
Stochastic Language Models (n-Gram) Specification (W3C)
Michael Collins's notes on n-Gram Language Models
OpenRefine: Clustering In Depth
Natural language processing
Computational linguistics
Language modeling
Speech recognition
Corpus linguistics
Probabilistic models |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network%20SouthEast | Network SouthEast (NSE) was one of the three passenger sectors of British Rail created in 1982. NSE mainly operated commuter rail trains within Greater London and inter-urban services in densely populated South East England, although the network went as far west as Exeter and also covered the inner East of England. Before 1986, the sector was originally known as London & South Eastern.
During the privatisation of British Rail, it was gradually divided into a number of franchises.
History
Before the sectorisation of British Rail (BR) in 1982 the system was split into largely autonomous regional operations: those operating around London were the London Midland Region, Southern Region, Western Region, and Eastern Region. Sectorisation of BR changed this setup by organising by the traffic type: commuter services in the south-east of England, long-distance intercity services, local services in the UK regions, parcels and freight. The aim was to introduce greater budgetary efficiency and managerial accountability by building a more market-focused and responsive business, rather than privatising BR completely. It was expected that the London and South East sector would cover most of its operating costs from revenues, in contrast to heavily subsidised rural services.
Upon sectorisation, the London & South Eastern sector took over responsibility for passenger services in the south-east of England, working with the existing BR business units of Regions and Functions to deliver the overall service. Day-to-day operation, staffing and timetabling continued to be delivered by the Regions – and the sector came into existence with barely thirty staff based at Waterloo.
On 10 June 1986, L&SE was relaunched as Network SouthEast, along with a new red, white and blue livery. The relaunch was intended to be more than a superficial rebranding and was underpinned by considerable investment in the presentation of stations and trains, as well as efforts to improve service standards. This approach was largely brought about by a new director, Chris Green, who had presided over similar transformation and rebranding of ScotRail.
The relaunch was marked by the first 'Network Day', on 21 June 1986. For £3 passengers could travel anywhere within the Network. 200 extra services were provided and over 200,000 passengers took advantage of the offer. There was a second Network Day on 13 September, and others in subsequent years, though passengers for these required a Network Card to qualify.
Although NSE did not originally own or maintain infrastructure, it exercised control over almost all carrier core functions. NSE set its own goals and service standards in consultation with BR, and created its own management structure and oversight. BR allowed NSE to decide about scheduling, marketing, infrastructure enhancements, and rolling stock specifications on NSE-assigned lines and services.
In April 1990, British Rail Chairman Bob Reid announced that sectorisation would be made |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX%20%28magazine%29 | iX is a German monthly computer magazine, published by the Heise Verlag publishing house since 1988. The magazine focuses primarily on professional IT. Within this area it deals with a broad range of issues, ranging from various programming topics, server hardware reviews and virtualization, computer security to articles about emerging technologies and current IT related legal or political issues. The magazine is headquartered in Hannover.
It has an older sister magazine, c't, which covers general computer technology.
The magazine had a sold circulation of about 51,000 (Q3/2008; printed circulation: 72,000)..
External links
Homepage
Heise Verlag homepage and news site
Mediadata iX
1988 establishments in West Germany
Computer magazines published in Germany
German-language magazines
Magazines established in 1988
Mass media in Hanover
Monthly magazines published in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBP | SBP may refer to:
Science, medicine and technology
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
Scannerless Boolean Parser, a software development tool
Serial Bus Protocol 2, a computer interconnect specification
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
SBP-tag (Streptavidin-Binding Peptide-tag), an amino acid sequence
Solitary bone plasmacytoma, a type of cancer
Sex steroid-binding protein
Systolic blood pressure, maximum blood pressure during one heartbeat
Schools
Sekolah Berasrama Penuh, a school system in Malaysia
Student body president
Organizations
Samahang Basketbol ng Pilipinas, the national basketball federation of the Philippines
Society of Business Practitioners, a British professional institute
St. Bernard Project, a disaster relief organization
State Bank of Pakistan
Swatantra Bharat Party, an Indian political party
The Sunday Business Post, an Irish financial newspaper
Transport
IATA airport code for San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport in California, US
National Rail station code for Stonebridge Park station in London, England
Other uses
SIL International code for Sangu, a language of Tanzania
Soft Border Patrol, a Northern Irish mockumentary sitcom
"Sweet but Psycho", a 2018 song by Ava Max |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended%20file%20system | The extended file system, or ext, was implemented in April 1992 as the first file system created specifically for the Linux kernel. It has metadata structure inspired by traditional Unix filesystem principles, and was designed by Rémy Card to overcome certain limitations of the MINIX file system. It was the first implementation that used the virtual file system (VFS), for which support was added in the Linux kernel in version 0.96c, and it could handle file systems up to 2 gigabytes (GB) in size.
ext was the first in the series of extended file systems. In 1993, it was superseded by both ext2 and Xiafs, which competed for a time, but ext2 won because of its long-term viability: ext2 remedied issues with ext, such as the immutability of inodes and fragmentation.
Other extended file systems
There are other members in the extended file system family:
ext2, the second extended file system.
ext3, the third extended file system.
ext4, the fourth extended file system.
See also
List of file systems
Comparison of file systems
References
1992 software
Disk file systems
File systems supported by the Linux kernel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homer%20the%20Great | "Homer the Great" is the twelfth episode of the sixth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 8, 1995. In the episode, Homer joins an ancient secret society known as the Stonecutters.
The episode was written by John Swartzwelder and directed by Jim Reardon. Patrick Stewart guest stars as "Number One", the leader of the Springfield chapter of the Stonecutters. It features cultural references to Freemasonry and the films Raiders of the Lost Ark and The Last Emperor.
The episode has received universal acclaim from fans and television critics and has been called one of the best episodes of the series by Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood in their book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide.
The song "We Do" was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics.
Plot
After Homer notices that his coworkers Lenny and Carl enjoy special privileges at the Springfield Nuclear Power Plant, such as better chairs and better parking, he learns they are part of an ancient secret society known as the Stonecutters. To join, one must either be the son of a Stonecutter or save the life of a Stonecutter. While extolling the secret society at the dinner table, Homer discovers that his father is a member and is admitted.
After his initiation, Homer takes great pleasure in the society's secret privileges, such as better service, better chairs and a secret road which helps to avoid traffic. He still does not receive better parking, but is given rollerskates to get to work faster. During a celebratory dinner with his fellow Stonecutters, he unwittingly destroys their Hallowed Sacred Parchment. He is stripped of his Stonecutter robes and sentenced to walk home naked. Before he leaves, the Stonecutters see that Homer has a birthmark in the shape of their emblem, signifying he is the Chosen One who will lead them to greatness, as prophesied by the Hallow Sacred Parchment.
Homer is crowned the new leader of the Stonecutters. While initially enjoying the power he receives, He soon feels isolated by his power when the other members treat him differently because he is their leader. When Homer asks Lisa for advice, she suggests that he have the Stonecutters perform volunteer work for the community. The Stonecutters mistake this for going mad with power and form a new society in a Baskin-Robbins called the Ancient Mystic Society of No Homers.
Homer becomes despondent about losing his secret club. Marge consoles him by telling him he is a member of a very selective club: the Simpson family. To initiate Homer, Bart and Lisa paddle his butt.
Production
Although "Homer the Great" was written by John Swartzwelder, the story was suggested by executive producer David Mirkin. Mirkin did not have enough time to write the episode and asked Swartzwelder to do it. Mirkin came up with the idea while driving home from a rewrite ear |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence%20breaking | In computer and video games, sequence breaking is the act of performing actions or obtaining items out of the intended linear order or of skipping "required" actions or items entirely. Sequence breaking is often used to beat a game unusually quickly (see speedrunning), to beat it while only completing a few objectives or obtaining a few items, to obtain useful items early in the game, to make the game more difficult, or to help push a game as far as possible in some other way.
History of the term
Though sequence breaking as a concept has existed almost since the inception of computer games complex enough to have sequential storylines, the first documented action in a video game to be called a sequence break occurred in the Nintendo GameCube game Metroid Prime, in a thread called "Gravity Suit and Ice Beam before Thardus." In the game, the rock monster Thardus was designed to be a required boss before the Gravity Suit and the Ice Beam could be obtained, hence the novelty of bypassing the boss while still obtaining the items and thus saving time if the goal is to complete the game as quickly as possible. When a man named Steven Banks achieved this feat on January 18, 2003, he posted his discovery on the Metroid Prime message board on GameFAQs. The thread attracted a number of interested gamers, and the term sequence breaking was incidentally coined. The term has since grown in popularity and is now often applied to unintended shortcuts in any game.
The term has become so pervasive that it has begun appearing in video games itself, and, inspired by games such as Super Metroid, game designers may create their games with sequence breaking in mind.
See also
Emergent gameplay
Speedrun
Notes
References
Emergent gameplay
Esports techniques |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate%20limiting | In computer networks, rate limiting is used to control the rate of requests sent or received by a network interface controller. It can be used to prevent DoS attacks and limit web scraping.
Research indicates flooding rates for one zombie machine are in excess of 20 HTTP GET requests per second, legitimate rates much less.
Hardware appliances
Hardware appliances can limit the rate of requests on layer 4 or 5 of the OSI model.
Rate limiting can be induced by the network protocol stack of the sender due to a received ECN-marked packet and also by the network scheduler of any router along the way.
While a hardware appliance can limit the rate for a given range of IP-addresses on layer 4, it risks blocking a network with many users which are masked by NAT with a single IP address of an ISP.
Deep packet inspection can be used to filter on the session layer but will effectively disarm encryption protocols like TLS and SSL between the appliance and the protocol server (i.e. web server).
Protocol servers
Protocol servers using a request / response model, such as FTP servers or typically Web servers may use a central in-memory key-value database, like Redis or Aerospike, for session management. A rate limiting algorithm is used to check if the user session (or IP address) has to be limited based on the information in the session cache.
In case a client made too many requests within a given time frame, HTTP servers can respond with status code 429: Too Many Requests.
However, in some cases (i.e. web servers) the session management and rate limiting algorithm should be built into the application (used for dynamic content) running on the web server, rather than the web server itself.
When a protocol server or a network device notice that the configured request limit is reached, then it will offload new requests and not respond to them. Sometimes they may be added to a queue to be processed once the input rate reaches an acceptable level, but at peak times the request rate can even exceed the capacities of such queues and requests have to be thrown away.
Data centers
Data centers widely use rate limiting to control the share of resources given to different tenants and applications according to their service level agreement. A variety of rate limiting techniques are applied in data centers using software and hardware. Virtualized data centers may also apply rate limiting at the hypervisor layer. Two important performance metrics of rate limiters in data centers are resource footprint (memory and CPU usage) which determines scalability, and precision. There usually exists a trade-off, that is, higher precision can be achieved by dedicating more resources to the rate limiters. A considerable body of research with focus on improving performance of rate limiting in data centers.
See also
Bandwidth management
Bandwidth throttling
Project Shield
Algorithms
Token bucket
Leaky bucket
Fixed window counter
Sliding window log
Sliding window cou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ext | Ext, ext or EXT may refer to:
Ext functor, used in the mathematical field of homological algebra
Ext (JavaScript library), a programming library used to build interactive web applications
Exeter Airport (IATA airport code), in Devon, England
Exeter St Thomas railway station (station code), in Exeter, England
Extended file system, a file system created for Linux
Exton station (Pennsylvania) (Amtrak station code), in Exton, Pennsylvania
Extremaduran language (ISO language code), spoken in Spain
Extremeroller, a former roller coaster at Worlds of Fun, Kansas City, Missouri
Cadillac Escalade EXT, a sport utility truck |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasi%C3%B3n%20de%20Gavilanes | Pasión de Gavilanes (international title: Hidden Passion) is a Colombian telenovela written by Julio Jiménez. It is produced by RTI Colombia in conjunction with the Telemundo network and with the participation of Caracol TV company. The telenovela is based on the 1994 telenovela Las aguas mansas, also written by Jiménez and produced by RTI. It premiered on Telemundo on 21 October 2003, while in Colombia it premiered on Caracol TV.
On May 12, 2021, Telemundo announced a second season through its upfront for the 2021-2022 television season, taking place 20 years after the events of the original series. Production of the season began on 18 October 2021. The season premiered on 14 February 2022, and ended on 31 May 2022.
Plot
Series overview
Season 1
Bernardo Elizondo is the owner of a hacienda, where he lives with his wife, Doña Gabriela, their daughters: Norma, Jimena and Sara, Norma's husband: Fernando Escandón, and his father-in-law, Don Martín Acevedo, a retired military man who is paralyzed. Norma and Fernando's marriage was arranged by Doña Gabriela to hide that Norma had been the victim of a rape, but the marriage is in name only and has not been consummated, due to her trauma. Apart from that, Gabriela is in love with Fernando, so she forces her daughter to marry him to keep him close. Although Bernardo is in love with Libia Reyes, a humble young woman, he knows that he could not marry her, since Gabriela, a very despotic woman and very old-fashioned, would never give him a divorce. Bernardo is determined to break with everything in order to live out his love for Libia, and he decides to formally appear before the young woman's brothers; Juan, Óscar and Franco Reyes, who did not support the relationship but approve it, since the happiness of their sister depends on it. Unfortunately, Bernardo has a horse accident and dies. At the same time, Libia discovers that she is pregnant and finds out that Bernardo has died, so she decides to go to the Elizondo to claim the money, although she is scared and not convinced if she should go. When she arrives at the Elizondo house, Doña Gabriela humiliates and despises her family. Libia flees desperate and commits suicide by jumping off a bridge.
When the Reyes brothers find out everything, they swear to avenge the death of their sister and go to the Elizondo estate, posing as some bricklayers that Doña Gabriela has contracted to build a cabin for Norma and Fernando. This is achieved thanks to the Elizondo housekeeper, Eva Rodríguez, who also wants revenge on Gabriela for having forced her to give up her only daughter, Ruth, for having kept her single and having no resources to support her. By meeting the Elizondo sisters, Óscar Reyes intends to convince his brothers to change their revenge plans and seduce the Elizondo sisters, to pay them with the same price, although what he really intends is to get the Elizondo money to improve their situation. His brother Juan does not agree with their plans, but |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applicative%20programming%20language | In the classification of programming languages, an applicative programming language is built out of functions applied to arguments. Applicative languages are functional, and applicative is often used as a synonym for functional. However, concatenative languages can be functional, while not being applicative.
The semantics of applicative languages are based on beta reduction of terms, and side effects such as mutation of state are not permitted.
Lisp and ML are applicative programming languages.
See also
Applicative universal grammar
Function-level programming
References
Programming language classification
Applicative computing systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL%20Computer%20Systems | HAL Computer Systems, Inc was a Campbell, California-based computer manufacturer founded in 1990 by Andrew Heller, a principal designer of the original IBM POWER architecture. His idea was to build computers based on a RISC architecture for the commercial market. The inspiration of the name comes from the novel 2001: A Space Odyssey.
The company's intent to develop a high-performance microprocessor implementing the SPARC architecture prompted Fujitsu to fund the company in 1991. $40.2 million was invested in return for a 44% stake. As part of the deal:
Fujitsu agreed to not increase their ownership of HAL.
Fujitsu would fabricate HAL's microprocessor designs.
Fujitsu would make its patents available to HAL.
Fujitsu would manufacture some of the HAL machines, and market them in Asia.
In return, HAL gave Fujitsu access to the technology it was developing. By this time, HAL had 140 employees.
In mid-1993, Heller resigned from his position as chairman and chief executive officer to become a consultant to Fujitsu Ltd. HAL said Heller had been developing roadmaps for Fujitsu and its subsidiaries ICL plc and Amdahl Corporation for the six months prior to his resignation, and had been less involved with HAL's daily operation. There were suggestions that Fujitsu was dissatisfied with HAL's progress and their failure to introduce systems with their 64-bit processor, but the company had no comment on the suggestions. The position of president was taken by Scott Metcalf, who was also the chief operating officer.
In November 1993, Fujitsu paid more than $50 million for the remaining 56% of HAL it did not own. HAL became a wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu.
HAL was very secretive about their product plans during their operation as an independent company. Initial systems were intended for a 1994 launch.
The company produced multiple generations of computers based on microprocessors they had designed to the 64-bit SPARC V9 specification. Their processor design, known as SPARC64, combined out-of-order execution with mainframe-style reliability, availability and serviceability features. SPARC64 beat out Sun Microsystems' UltraSPARC I by a few months to be the first SPARC V9 microprocessor produced.
Most of the sales of the company went to the Japanese market. Fujitsu closed the subsidiary in mid-2001.
HAL later designed the SPARC64 II (previously known as the SPARC64+), SPARC64 III microprocessors. They also designed a microprocessor that was canceled when the division was closed by Fujitsu, known as the SPARC64 V. Fujitsu would later develop a microprocessor with the same name.
HAL Software Systems
HAL Software Systems was HAL's software division. Their first product was a Distributed Computing Environment (DCE) management tool. Later products, introduced in March 1994, included the Olias Browser, Olias Build Tools, Olias Remote Information Broker, and Olias Filter Development Kit. These products were for browsing and managing Standard Generalize |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberman%20%28film%29 | Cyberman is a 2001 documentary film about Steve Mann, inventor of the EyeTap. It was directed by Peter Lynch, but much of the material in the film was also shot by Mann himself, through his EyeTap. Thus Cyberman may well have been the first film in which the subject incidentally or existentially (i.e. just by being himself) shot much of the material used in the film.
The book Cyborg... was released the same year, and much of the material in the film is based on material in an early draft of the book's manuscript.
Novelist William Gibson appears in the film, in conjunction with Mann's presentation at the TED (Technology Entertainment and Design) conference. Mann and Gibson were both presenters at TED, and the interview takes place immediately following their presentations at the conference.
References
External links
2001 films
Canadian documentary films
2001 documentary films
Films directed by Peter Lynch
2000s English-language films
2000s Canadian films
English-language Canadian films
English-language documentary films |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data%20logger | A data logger (also datalogger or data recorder) is an electronic device that records data over time or about location either with a built-in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors. Increasingly, but not entirely, they are based on a digital processor (or computer), and called digital data loggers (DDL). They generally are small, battery-powered, portable, and equipped with a microprocessor, internal memory for data storage, and sensors. Some data loggers interface with a personal computer and use software to activate the data logger and view and analyze the collected data, while others have a local interface device (keypad, LCD) and can be used as a stand-alone device.
Data loggers vary from general-purpose types for a range of measurement applications to very specific devices for measuring in one environment or application type only. It is common for general purpose types to be programmable; however, many remain as static machines with only a limited number or no changeable parameters. Electronic data loggers have replaced chart recorders in many applications.
One of the primary benefits of using data loggers is the ability to automatically collect data on a 24-hour basis. Upon activation, data loggers are typically deployed and left unattended to measure and record information for the duration of the monitoring period. This allows for a comprehensive, accurate picture of the environmental conditions being monitored, such as air temperature and relative humidity.
The cost of data loggers has been declining over the years as technology improves and costs are reduced. Simple single-channel data loggers cost as little as $25. More complicated loggers may cost hundreds or thousands of dollars.
Data formats
Standardization of protocols and data formats has been a problem but is now growing in the industry and XML, JSON, and YAML are increasingly being adopted for data exchange. The development of the Semantic Web and the Internet of Things is likely to accelerate this present trend.
Instrumentation protocols
Several protocols have been standardized including a smart protocol, SDI-12, that allows some instrumentation to be connected to a variety of data loggers. The use of this standard has not gained much acceptance outside the environmental industry. SDI-12 also supports multi-drop instruments. Some data logging companies are also now supporting the MODBUS standard. This has been used traditionally in the industrial control area, and many industrial instruments support this communication standard. Another multi-drop protocol that is now starting to become more widely used is based upon CAN-Bus (ISO 11898). Some data loggers use a flexible scripting environment to adapt themselves to various non-standard protocols.
Data logging versus data acquisition
The terms data logging and data acquisition are often used interchangeably. However, in a historical context, they are quite different. A data logger is a data acquisitio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrcher%20Verkehrsverbund | The Zürcher Verkehrsverbund (ZVV, Zürich Transport Network) is the largest public transportation network in Switzerland. It covers the canton of Zürich and adjacent areas. All public transportation means (rail, light rail, bus, trolleybus, lake passenger liner, cable car) within the chosen area can be used indiscriminatorily during the time of the ticket validity (one hour, 24 hours, 1 month, 1 year).
History
The system was established in May 1990 as a unified fare system with a coordinated local train network. Local train lines were prefixed with the letter S (S-Bahn). S-Lines 1 through 43 (with some lines missing) and now form part of the S-Bahn Network. A proof-of-payment fare system is in force on all S-Bahn trains. Fare gates are not used, but those caught without a valid ticket during a random inspection face a minimum fine of CHF 100.
Zones
The ZVV system uses an integrated a ticket network. The zones are numbered 110–184; the numbers 180–184 designates zones outside of the canton's border. Passengers purchase a base ticket for particular zones. Upgrades and extension tickets are available as supplements.
Trips by fast trains and regional trains by any operator, such as ICN, InterCity (IC), InterRegio (IR), RegioExpress (RE), regional (R) lines, and even international railways are part of the fare network as long as they stop within the fare network's borders.
The zone system approach has been adopted by many other fare networks in Switzerland, such as libero (fare network) in cantons of Bern and Solothurn, and OSTWIND in Thurgau, St. Gallen, Glarus, both Appenzells (AI and AR), and Fürstentum Liechtenstein.
For journeys just beyond ZVV's borders, some zones of the neighboring cantons' fare networks are combined within the extended fare network Z-Pass:
Aargau: Corridor A-Welle–ZVV
Thurgau/St. Gallen/Glarus: Corridor OSTWIND–ZVV
Schwyz/Zug: Corridor Schwyz-Zug–ZVV
Operators
The operators that make up the ZVV are:
Aargau Verkehr
Busbetriebe Bamert
Dolderbahn
Forchbahn
Luftseilbahn Adliswil-Felsenegg
Polybahn
PostAuto Schweiz Region Zürich
Schifffahrts-Genossenschaft Greifensee (SGG)
Schneider Busbetriebe
Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn
Stadtbus Winterthur
Südostbahn (SOB)
Swiss Federal Railways (SBB)
THURBO
Verkehrsbetriebe Glattal (VBG)
Verkehrsbetriebe Zürich (VBZ)
Verkehrsbetriebe Zürichsee und Oberland (VZO)
Zürichsee-Schifffahrtsgesellschaft (ZSG)
Leadership
The current director of the ZVV is Dominik Brühwiler, appointed 1. January 2021. Dominik Brühwiler was Head of the Traffic Planning Department and Deputy Director for 13 years. Over 60 people applied for the position of Director and the Swiss Department for Transport picked him because of his past experience in the service.
See also
Trams in Zürich
Trolleybuses in Zürich
Zürich S-Bahn
References
External links
Public transport in Switzerland
Transport in Zürich
1990 establishments in Switzerland |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygon%20mesh | In 3D computer graphics and solid modeling, a polygon mesh is a collection of , s and s that defines the shape of a polyhedral object. The faces usually consist of triangles (triangle mesh), quadrilaterals (quads), or other simple convex polygons (n-gons), since this simplifies rendering, but may also be more generally composed of concave polygons, or even polygons with holes.
The study of polygon meshes is a large sub-field of computer graphics (specifically 3D computer graphics) and geometric modeling. Different representations of polygon meshes are used for different applications and goals. The variety of operations performed on meshes may include: Boolean logic (Constructive solid geometry), smoothing, simplification, and many others. Algorithms also exist for ray tracing, collision detection, and rigid-body dynamics with polygon meshes. If the mesh's edges are rendered instead of the faces, then the model becomes a wireframe model.
Volumetric meshes are distinct from polygon meshes in that they explicitly represent both the surface and volume of a structure, while polygon meshes only explicitly represent the surface (the volume is implicit).
Several methods exist for mesh generation, including the marching cubes algorithm.
Elements
Objects created with polygon meshes must store different types of elements. These include vertices, edges, faces, polygons and surfaces. In many applications, only vertices, edges and either faces or polygons are stored. A renderer may support only 3-sided faces, so polygons must be constructed of many of these, as shown above. However, many renderers either support quads and higher-sided polygons, or are able to convert polygons to triangles on the fly, making it unnecessary to store a mesh in a triangulated form.
Representations
Polygon meshes may be represented in a variety of ways, using different methods to store the vertex, edge and face data. These include:
Each of the representations above have particular advantages and drawbacks, further discussed in Smith (2006).
The choice of the data structure is governed by the application, the performance required, size of the data, and the operations to be performed. For example, it is easier to deal with triangles than general polygons, especially in computational geometry. For certain operations it is necessary to have a fast access to topological information such as edges or neighboring faces; this requires more complex structures such as the winged-edge representation. For hardware rendering, compact, simple structures are needed; thus the corner-table (triangle fan) is commonly incorporated into low-level rendering APIs such as DirectX and OpenGL.
Vertex-vertex meshes
Vertex-vertex meshes represent an object as a set of vertices connected to other vertices. This is the simplest representation, but not widely used since the face and edge information is implicit. Thus, it is necessary to traverse the data in order to generate a list of fa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Spritz%20Goes%20to%20Washington | "Mr. Spritz Goes to Washington" is the fourteenth episode of the fourteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on March 9, 2003. In this episode, the Simpsons' home becomes uninhabitable because of airplane noise. Krusty is elected to Congress and eventually has a bill passed to change the flight path.
Plot
After their house is shaken by a tremendous rumble one morning, the Simpsons discover that they're living directly beneath the newest flight path to Springfield International Airport. A complaint to an airport official has no effect, and the house is now unsellable. Homer and Marge then go to their congressman Horace Wilcox, who has been Springfield's representative since 1933. While Wilcox is eager to help, he is so upset by their misfortune that he suffers a heart attack and dies.
Bart asks Krusty the Clown to run for Congress and he agrees, thinking he can also eliminate everything with which the Government is harassing him. He is adopted as the Republican candidate. His campaign starts badly because he has offended so many minorities with his politically incorrect jokes, but Lisa helps him turn his campaign around by having him connect with regular families and citizens. With this advice and a very helpful Fox News programme, he is elected.
To Krusty's chagrin, no-one pays attention to a freshman Congressman, and he is appointed to useless committees, or set to work cleaning the graffiti off the walls. He, and the Simpsons, are about to give up, but Walter Mondale, who is working as a janitor in Congress, explains to them how a bill really becomes a law. With his help, Bart blackmails a key congressman with a videotape that shows him abusing the free mail policy. Homer manages to get another congressman drunk (and himself as well). Finally, during a session in Congress, Mondale and Lisa, with Homer's drunken diversion, fix the Air Traffic Bill with a paperclip to another bill giving orphans American flags. When the bill comes up for a vote, both the blackmailed congressman and the drunk one consent, and it is passed. Krusty praises the processes of democracy. At home, the Simpsons are happy to get the peace and quiet that they heroically fought for. Homer says that the planes are now flying where they belong — over the homes of poor people.
Controversy
At one point during the episode, the family is watching Krusty and his opponent debate on the Fox News Channel, which showed several headlines in its news ticker that parodied the right-leaning network's political views. Among the headlines in the news ticker were "Pointless news crawls up 37 percent," "Do Democrats cause cancer? Find out at foxnews.com," "Rupert Murdoch: Terrific dancer," "Dow down 5,000 points," "Study: 92 percent of Democrats are gay," "JFK posthumously joins Republican Party," and "Oil slicks found to keep seals young, supple." Several months after the episode originally aired, M |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%BCrich%20S-Bahn | The Zürich S-Bahn () system is a network of rail lines that has been incrementally expanded to cover the ZVV area, which comprises the entire canton of Zürich and portions of neighbouring cantons (Aargau, Glarus, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, St. Gallen, Thurgau and Zug), with a few lines extending into or crossing the territory of southern Germany. The network is one of many commuter rail operations in German speaking countries to be described as an S-Bahn.
The entire ZVV S-Bahn network went into operation in May 1990, although many of the lines were already in operation.
Unusual among rapid transit services, the Zürich S-Bahn provides first class commuter travel; about a quarter of seats on each train are first class.
History
Before the construction of the Zürich S-Bahn, most trains to Zürich terminated at Zürich Hauptbahnhof (literally Zürich Main Station), apart from the Sihltal Zürich Uetliberg Bahn lines which terminated at Zürich Selnau. Originally built as a west-facing terminus, the Hauptbahnhof acted as a terminus for trains coming from all directions. It was connected to lines to the north and northeast via the Wipkingen Tunnel and Zürich Oerlikon railway station. The Hauptbahnhof was also connected via the Letten Tunnel to the Lake Zürich right-bank railway line to the southeast. This line also stopped at Stadelhofen station at the opposite side of the city centre, before passing through the single track tunnel to Letten station, then turning 180 degrees to reach the Hauptbahnhof. This line travelled 5 km to cover the 1.5 km distance between Stadelhofen and the Hauptbahnhof.
Gold Coast Express
The first step in developing Zürich's rail system which eventually led to the establishment of the S-Bahn was the establishment of the so-called Gold Coast Express (German: Goldküstenexpress) on 26 May 1968 between Zürich Stadelhofen and Rapperswil via Meilen along the wealthy north shore of Lake Zürich, popularly known as the Gold Coast. This development came about because, after World War II, there was a rapid expansion of commuting to Zürich from the former wine-growing villages along the railway line, which originally opened in 1894. As a result, commuters complained that the trains were overcrowded, slow and often delayed.
The canton of Zürich began to develop a project to improve the railway in the 1950s. Because it was not used by either long-distance passenger or freight trains, improvements in local services were possible. Double track sections were built between Kuesnacht and Herrliberg and between Stäfa and Uerikon, along with new stations. The main problem was finance. Development of the line would only serve local interests and would not lead to increased revenue for Swiss Federal Railways (SFR). At the time the canton and cities affected could not fund improvements to an SFR line, so the law was changed to allow local contributions.
The new Gold Coast Express service operated a regular schedule every half-hour, with the total journe |
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