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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RETAIN | RETAIN is a mainframe based database system, accessed via IBM 3270 terminals (or more likely, emulators), used internally within IBM providing service support to IBM field personnel and customers.
The acronym RETAIN stands for Remote Technical Assistance Information Network.
Predecessor system
Historically, two different, but similar, systems were called RETAIN. The first, dating to the mid-1960s was a system that provided technical information to people in the IBM Field Engineering Division in the form of short bulletins or tips, organized according to machine type number or, for software, according to software component ID number. This information was accessible using simple query commands from IBM service branch office terminals. The terminals supported by this early RETAIN system were typewriter-type terminals, such as the IBM 2740. These same terminals were also used to access the IBM Field Instruction System (FIS), which provided education in the form of programmed instruction courseware. The RETAIN system was built on the same software framework as that of FIS. In fact, most of the early support for RETAIN was actually written in the language of a "course".
The system was primarily used to provide field support for the System/360 family of mainframe systems, although it was used also to disseminate some technical information on other older systems.
RETAIN/370
In 1970, concurrent with the announcement of System/370, the next generation of mainframes after System/360, a new system was announced, called RETAIN/370. This system was designed for use by special Technical Support Centers located in regional centers, rather than by the branch office. This new system was designed to display terminals, rather than the old typewriter-based ones. A special version of the 2915 display, originally designed for the airline reservations systems, such as SABRE, was used. The 2915 was a small keyboard-display driven by a large electronic controller and data interchange unit, the IBM 2948. Each 2948 could control up to 31 display terminals, which had to be located within a few hundred feet. The cost of this display system, with its large controller, prevented the 2915 terminals from being used in branch offices, so they were used in regional support centers instead. The older RETAIN system continued to be used for several years afterwards, running in parallel with RETAIN/370, still connected to branch-office terminals. It was sometimes called the "RETAIN/360" system, although that designation was never formalized. In time, after RETAIN/370 became available via 3270 terminals in the branch offices, the old RETAIN system was phased out, and RETAIN/370 was renamed to simply RETAIN.
Search engine
RETAIN/370 ran special applications designed for technical support center use. Its most powerful feature was a full-text search engine, enabling most text documents in the system to be retrieved by using boolean search requests, similar in concept to ful |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-form%20radio | Free-form, or free-form radio, is a radio station programming format in which the disc jockey is given wide or total control over what music to play, regardless of music genre or commercial interests. Freeform radio stands in contrast to most commercial radio stations, in which DJs have little or no influence over programming structure or playlists. In the United States, freeform DJs are still bound by Federal Communications Commission regulations.
History in the United States
Many shows claim to be the first free-form radio program, but the earliest on record is "Nightsounds" on KPFA-FM in Berkeley, California, D.J.'d by John Leonard. Probably the best-remembered in the Midwest is Beaker Street, which ran for almost 10 years on KAAY "The Mighty 1090" in Little Rock, Arkansas, beginning in 1966, making it also probably the best-known such show on an AM station; its signal reached from Canada to Mexico and Cuba, blanketing the Midwest and Midsouth of the U.S. WFMU is currently the longest-running freeform radio station in the United States. WNEW-FM 102.7 in NYC was the first commercial station in the US to introduce a free-form format. It stayed that way under the ownership of Metromedia Broadcasting until it was sold and the new owners were not interested. WNEW-FM was a leader in introducing new music and making household names of a good deal of the bands we know from the 1960s and '70s. Jim Ladd of KLOS in Los Angeles, California was one of the most notable freeform DJs. Tom Petty wrote a song about Jim Ladd called "The Last DJ". The only time Jim Ladd didn't have complete control over what music is being played is when he turned control over to his faithful listeners commonly referred to as "The Tribe".
On October 26, 2011, Ladd was among various staffers let go from KLOS following the acquisition of station owner Citadel Broadcasting by Cumulus Media. As of 2012 Ladd is hosting a daily freeform show on Sirius XM's Deep Tracks.
The free-form ethos tends to disdain playlists confined to a single music genre. However, DJs may opt to play selections according to an arbitrary theme (e.g., Bob Dylan's "Subterranean Homesick Blues" followed by Radiohead's "Subterranean Homesick Alien"). Freeform-ish stations that played only or almost only rock music were known as progressive rock stations, while those that play mostly folk and/or country-leaning cuts are known as Americana stations.
Commercial free-form radio stations were common in the late 1960s and early '70s, particularly on the FM band, but are rare today. An exceptional case was Indie 103.1 FM of Santa Monica and Newport Beach, California. Indie 103.1 broadcast radio programs in which famous musicians from the world of popular music host radio programs and choose the playlist. Indie 103.1 recently left the FM airwaves, but currently continues on the internet.
Another commercial free-form radio station is KHUM, "radio without the rules", at 104.3 and 104.7 FM in Ferndale, California. KHUM |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hit106.9%20Newcastle | Hit106.9 (call sign: 2XXX) is a commercial FM radio station broadcasting in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia, on a frequency of 106.9 MHz, and is part of Southern Cross Austereo's Hit Network.
History
Hit106.9's history can be traced back to Singleton radio station 2SI, owned by Alex Mather (VK2JZ) and the Singleton Argus newspaper which never went to air. The licence was obtained by Hunter River Broadcasters Pty Ltd and changed to 2HR. The station launched on 30 August 1937. Shareholders included the Singleton Argus and the Robinson Family. Three years later, the station was moved to Maitland, with transmitter at Lochinvar.
In those days, 2HR operated on 680 kHz with 300 watts of power, and was affiliated with the Macquarie Broadcasting Network. Programs were originated locally between 6:30 am and 6:30 pm, before taking the Macquarie feed at 6:30 pm.
In the 1950s, 2HR was relocated to Newcastle, with its transmitter located in Bolwarra. Station manager Ken Robinson was a former Australian Army officer, and his identification number had the letters NX. Therefore, the station was given the callsign 2NX, and a new frequency at 1360 kHz .
In 1971, 2NX's owners Hunter Broadcasters were purchased by the Catholic Broadcasting Company, owned by the Catholic Church. 2NX programming still was relayed to 2NM overnight during this time, and was identified as 2NXNM.
In the early 1990s, the Catholic Church sold 2NX to Radio Newcastle, which was later taken over by Austereo, and then sold a 50% stake to RG Capital (which was taken over by Macquarie Bank). 2NX was granted a license to convert to FM in the 1990s and moved to 106.9 MHz, branding itself originally as X107, before changing to NXFM. In April 2011 Southern Cross Media bought out Austereo giving Southern Cross Media full ownership of NXFM.
On 15 December 2016, NXFM became known as hit106.9 in Southern Cross Austereo's mass re-branding of its regional radio network.
Hit 106.9 are a sponsor of local A-League team the Newcastle Jets.
Current On-Air Schedule
Weekdays:
Nick, Jess & Ducko 6:00am to 9:00am
Seany B 9:00am to 1:00pm
Pez 1:00pm to 3:00pm
Carrie & Tommy 3:00pm to 6:00pm
Hughesy, Ed & Erin 6:00pm to 7:00pm
Jimmy & Nath 7:00pm to 9:00pm
Saturdays:
Various Announcers 9:00am to 7:00pm
Saturday Night Party Playlist 7:00pm to 12:00am
Sundays:
Various Announcers 9:00am to 7:00pm
Australian Music 7:00pm to 12:00am
References
External links
NXFM
Contemporary hit radio stations in Australia
Radio stations established in 1937
Radio stations in Newcastle, New South Wales
Southern Cross Media Group
1937 establishments in Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303%20United%20States%20network%20television%20schedule | The following is the 2002–03 network television schedule for the six major English language commercial broadcast networks in the United States. The schedule covers primetime hours from September 2002 through June 2003. The schedule is followed by a list per network of returning series, new series, and series cancelled after the 2001–02 season. All times are Eastern and Pacific, with certain exceptions, such as Monday Night Football.
New series are highlighted in bold.
Each of the 30 highest-rated shows is listed with its rank and rating as determined by Nielsen Media Research.
Yellow indicates the programs in the top 10 for the season.
Cyan indicates the programs in the top 20 for the season.
Magenta indicates the programs in the top 30 for the season.
Other Legend
Light blue indicates local programming.
Gray indicates encore programming.
Blue-gray indicates news programming.
Light green indicates sporting events.
Light Purple indicates movies.
Red indicates series being burned off and other scheduled programs, including specials.
PBS is not included; member stations have local flexibility over most of their schedules and broadcast times for network shows may vary.
Sunday
NOTE: Fox was to have aired Oliver Beene and The Grubbs on Sundays at 7:30 p.m. and 9:30 p.m., respectively, but instead made last-minute changes by postponing Oliver Beene to the following spring and canceling The Grubbs. In their places, King of the Hill and reruns of Malcolm in the Middle were slotted.
Monday
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;margin-right:0;text-align:center"
|-
! colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| Network
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:00 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 8:30 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:00 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 9:30 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:00 PM
! style="background-color:#C0C0C0;text-align:center"| 10:30 PM
|-
!rowspan="9"|ABC
!Fall
|The Drew Carey Show
|Whose Line Is It Anyway?
|rowspan="3" bgcolor="lightgreen"| NFL Monday Showcase|bgcolor="#FFFF00" rowspan="3" colspan="3"|Monday Night Football (#10/11.4)
|-
!Follow Up
| bgcolor="#FF8888" colspan="2" | Various Specials|-
!December
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#C0C0C0"| Monk
|-
! January
| bgcolor="#CF9FFF" colspan="6" | ABC Monday Night Movie|-
! Follow Up
|colspan="2"|Veritas: The Quest|rowspan="3" colspan="2"|The Practice|rowspan="2" colspan="2"|Miracles|-
!Spring
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" bgcolor="#77AACC"|ABC News Specials|-
! Follow Up
|colspan="2"|The Practice|-
! Summer
| bgcolor="#C0C0C0" colspan="4" | 4 Back-to-Back Encore Episodes of Various ABC Comedies|colspan="2" bgcolor="#77AACC" |Primetime Live: Special Edition|-
! August
|colspan="6" bgcolor="lightgreen"| NFL Preseason Football|-
!rowspan="2"|CBS
! Fall
|bgcolor="#FF66FF"|The King of Queens (#25/8.5)
|bgcolor="#FF66FF"|Yes, Dear (#2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CARINE | CARINE (Computer Aided Reasoning Engine) is a first-order classical logic automated theorem prover. It was initially built for the study of the enhancement effects of the strategies delayed clause-construction (DCC) and attribute sequences (ATS) in a depth-first search based algorithm. CARINE's main search algorithm is semi-linear resolution (SLR) which is based on an iteratively-deepening depth-first search (also known as depth-first iterative-deepening (DFID)) and used in theorem provers like THEO. SLR employs DCC to achieve a high inference rate, and ATS to reduce the search space.
Delayed Clause Construction (DCC)
Delayed Clause Construction is a stalling strategy that enhances a theorem prover's performance by reducing the work to construct clauses to a minimum. Instead of constructing every conclusion (clause) of an applied inference rule, the information to construct such clause is temporarily stored until the theorem prover decides to either discard the clause or construct it. If the theorem prover decides to keep the clause, it will be constructed and stored in memory, otherwise the information to construct the clause is erased. Storing the information from which an inferred clause can be constructed require almost no additional CPU operations. However, constructing a clause may consume a lot of time. Some theorem provers spend 30%–40% of their total execution time constructing and deleting clauses. With DCC this wasted time can be salvaged.
DCC is useful when too many intermediate clauses (especially first-order clauses) are being constructed and discarded in a short period of time because the operations performed to construct such short lived clauses are avoided. DCC may not be very effective on theorems with only propositional clauses.
How does DCC work?
After every application of an inference rule, certain variables may have to be substituted by terms (e.g. ) and thus a substitution set is formed. Instead of constructing the resulting clause and discarding the substitution set, the theorem prover simply maintains the substitution set along with some other information, like what clauses where involved in the inference rule and what inference rule was applied, and continues the derivation without constructing the resulting clause of the inference rule. This procedure keeps going along a derivation until the theorem provers reaches a point where it decides, based on certain criteria and heuristics, whether to construct the final clause in the derivation (and probably some other clause(s) along the path) or discard the whole derivation i.e., deletes from memory the maintained substitution sets and whatever information stored with them.
Attribute sequences (ATS)
(An informal definition of) a clause in theorem proving is a statement that can result in a true or false answer depending on the evaluation of its literals. A clause is represented as a disjunction (i.e., OR), conjunction (i.e., AND), set, or multi-set (similar to a set but |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valid%20time | In temporal databases, valid time (VT) is the time period during which a database fact is valid in the modeled reality. As of December 2011, ISO/IEC 9075, Database Language SQL:2011 Part 2: SQL/Foundation included clauses in table definitions to define "application-time period tables" (that is, valid-time tables). Valid time was coined by Richard T. Snodgrass and his doctoral student.
In a database table valid time is often represented by two extra table-columns StartVT and EndVT. The time interval is closed at its lower bound and open at its upper bound.
Example:
Valid time is the time for which a fact is true in the real world. In the example above, the Person table gets two extra fields, Valid-From and Valid-To, specifying when a person's address was valid in the real world. On April 4, 1975, John's father proudly registered his son's birth. An official will then insert a new entry to the database stating that John lives in Smallville from April, 3rd. Notice that although the data was inserted on the 4th, the database states that the information is valid since the 3rd. The official does not yet know if or when John will ever move to a better place so in the database the Valid-To is filled with infinity (∞). Resulting in this entry in the database:
December 27, 1994 John reports his new address in Bigtown where he has been living since August 26, 1994. The Bigtown official does not change the address of the current entry of John Doe in the database. He adds a new one:
The original entry Person (John Doe, Smallville, 3-Apr-1975, ∞) is then updated (not removed!). Since it is now known that John stopped living in Smallville on August 26, 1994, the Valid-To entry can be filled in. The database now contains two entries for John Doe
When John dies the database is once more updated. The current entry will be updated stating that John does not live in Bigtown any longer. No new entry is being added because officials never report heaven as a new address. The database now looks like this
See also
Transaction time
Decision time
Slowly changing dimension
References
Database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transaction%20time | In temporal databases, transaction time (TT) is the time during which a fact stored in the database is considered to be true. As of December 2011, ISO/IEC 9075, Database Language SQL:2011 Part 2: SQL/Foundation included clauses in table definitions to define "system-versioned tables" (that is, transaction-time tables).
In a database table transaction interval is often represented as an interval allowing the system to "remove" entries by using two table-columns StartTT and EndTT. The time interval is closed at its lower bound and open at its upper bound.
When the ending transaction time is unknown, it may be considered as "Until Changed". Academic researchers and some RDBMS have represented "Until Changed" with the largest timestamp supported or the keyword "forever". This convention is not technically precise.
The term was coined by Richard T. Snodgrass and his doctoral student Ilsoo Ahn.
See also
Valid time
Decision time
Using transaction time
References
Database management systems
Transaction processing |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20en%20Espa%C3%B1ol | Cable News Network en Español (known as CNN en Español) is a Pan-American Spanish-language news channel, owned by CNN Global, a news division for Warner Bros. Discovery. It was launched on pay television, on March 17, 1997.
History
CNN en Español before 1997
In 1988, CNN began producing news in Spanish with Noticiero CNN, aimed at Spanish-speaking audiences in the United States and Latin America.
In 1992, CNN International started the Noticiero CNN Internacional, the first in Spanish on that channel. Other programs in Spanish were Las Noticias and Noticias México, all of them presented by the Colombian Patricia Janiot and the Uruguayan Jorge Gestoso, and with the direction of Rolando Santos. The following year, CNN en Español Radio was launched.
Launch (1997)
On March 17, 1997, CNN en Español began broadcasting 24 hours a day. In addition, the chain's production centers begin to operate in Buenos Aires and Havana. The correspondent in the Cuban capital was the first office of a U.S. organization on the island.
2010 change
In 2010, CNN en Español debuted a new logo, with a new programming lineup.
2022
On February 14, 2022, CNN en Español started broadcasts in 16:9.
Availability
CNN en Español is available throughout Hispanic America, and the United States. In Canada, a number of the network's shows are simulcast on Univision Canada. In Venezuela and Nicaragua, the channel is available via live-streaming on YouTube and its official website since 2017 and 2022 respectively.
On February 15, 2017, Venezuela's National Commission of Telecommunications (Conatel) blocked CNN en Español from any national TV provider, saying a report from the network regarding passport fraud was "a threat to the peace and democratic stability" of the nation. Conatel additionally blocked sister network CNN International and BBC World News on April 30, 2019 during an uprising attempt.
On September 22, 2022, CNN en Español was taken off the air from all cable providers in Nicaragua by order of the Nicaraguan Institute of Telecommunications and Post Office (TELCOR).
Programming
Live coverage
CNN en Español provides live coverage of some news and sporting events held by Turner channels via Warner Bros. Discovery Sports), and from 2016 until 2021, carried the Spanish-language audio for Major League Baseball postseason games carried by sister network TBS only in the United States and Latin America (there were no changes to the English-language visual presentation). CNN en Español features newscasts throughout the day. In 2022, the coverage moved to MLB Network, with added graphical translation.
Personalities
Senior Vice President
Cynthia Darr Hudson - VP
Anchors
Carmen Aristegui
Gabriela Frías
Alejandra Gutiérrez Oraa
Elizabeth Pérez
Mariela Encarnación
Fernando del Rincón
Juan Carlos Arciniegas
Andres Oppenheimer
Columnists
Ana Navarro
Andrés Oppenheimer
Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri
Alan Smolinisky
Austen Ivereigh
Carlos Alberto Montaner
Geovanny Vicente
Maria C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20assistant | In computer science and mathematical logic, a proof assistant or interactive theorem prover is a software tool to assist with the development of formal proofs by human-machine collaboration. This involves some sort of interactive proof editor, or other interface, with which a human can guide the search for proofs, the details of which are stored in, and some steps provided by, a computer.
A recent effort within this field is making these tools use artificial intelligence to automate the formalization of ordinary mathematics.
System comparison
ACL2 – a programming language, a first-order logical theory, and a theorem prover (with both interactive and automatic modes) in the Boyer–Moore tradition.
Coq – Allows the expression of mathematical assertions, mechanically checks proofs of these assertions, helps to find formal proofs, and extracts a certified program from the constructive proof of its formal specification.
HOL theorem provers – A family of tools ultimately derived from the LCF theorem prover. In these systems the logical core is a library of their programming language. Theorems represent new elements of the language and can only be introduced via "strategies" which guarantee logical correctness. Strategy composition gives users the ability to produce significant proofs with relatively few interactions with the system. Members of the family include:
HOL4 – The "primary descendant", still under active development. Support for both Moscow ML and Poly/ML. Has a BSD-style license.
HOL Light – A thriving "minimalist fork". OCaml based.
ProofPower – Went proprietary, then returned to open source. Based on Standard ML.
IMPS, An Interactive Mathematical Proof System
Isabelle is an interactive theorem prover, successor of HOL. The main code-base is BSD-licensed, but the Isabelle distribution bundles many add-on tools with different licenses.
Jape – Java based.
Lean
LEGO
Matita – A light system based on the Calculus of Inductive Constructions.
MINLOG – A proof assistant based on first-order minimal logic.
Mizar – A proof assistant based on first-order logic, in a natural deduction style, and Tarski–Grothendieck set theory.
PhoX – A proof assistant based on higher-order logic which is eXtensible.
Prototype Verification System (PVS) – a proof language and system based on higher-order logic.
TPS and ETPS – Interactive theorem provers also based on simply-typed lambda calculus, but based on an independent formulation of the logical theory and independent implementation.
User interfaces
A popular front-end for proof assistants is the Emacs-based Proof General, developed at the University of Edinburgh.
Coq includes CoqIDE, which is based on OCaml/Gtk. Isabelle includes Isabelle/jEdit, which is based on jEdit and the Isabelle/Scala infrastructure for document-oriented proof processing. More recently, Visual Studio Code extensions have been developed for Isabelle by Makarius Wenzel, and for Lean 4 by the leanprover developers.
F |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogg%20page | An Ogg page is a unit of data in an Ogg bitstream, usually between 4 kB and 8 kB, with a maximum size of 65,307 bytes.
Purpose
One of the purposes of multimedia container formats is to allow multiple codecs to be muxed into a single file or stream. For example, to combine audio, video, and subtitles into a single file.
The viewpoint held by Christopher Montgomery, creator of the Ogg format, is that the units of muxed codec data should be a separate abstraction layer from the units of data used by the codec in order to limit the amount of buffering necessary when decoding the contained data. In his opinion, which is supported by other developers working with the Xiph.org Foundation, this gives Ogg a technical advantage over alternative bitstream formats such as AVI, QuickTime, and MPEG.
Each Ogg page also provides the time offset of the contained data, which allows efficient seeking that is both accurate and compatible with streaming. In contrast, many other formats seek to byte positions in the stream or rely on a table of contents for seeking information.
Page structure
Every Ogg page begins with the four-byte magic string "OggS". If sync is lost a decoder can look for the next occurrence of this sequence to begin decoding again.
These four bytes are followed by a zero byte for Ogg version 0. The version field had originally been intended to allow multiple Ogg page types tuned for different payloads to coexist in the same stream. In the 2000s it became clear that only one page version will be used.
The sixth byte of each page specifies type flags. The value 1 specifies that the page contains data of a packet continued from the previous page. The value 2 specifies that this is the first page of the stream, and the value 4 specifies that this is the last page of the stream. These values can be combined with addition or logical OR.
The next 8 bytes, or 64 bits, is called the absolute granule position which is a synthetic value that encodes the Decode Timestamp, the Presentation time stamp and distance to first-needed reference. The exact encoding of the granule position is up to a specific codec.
The following 4 bytes are the stream serial number to which this page belongs. Each logical stream must have a unique serial number within a physical stream. It is also intended to be used like a weak hash so that a collision is very unlikely when multiplexing different streams, which eliminates the need for continuous recalculation of page headers at every multiplexing step.
The following 4 bytes are the page sequence number within the stream. This is a page counter that allows detection of lost pages. In comparison to other container formats, the large number of bits also allows direct UDP unicast/multicast with Ogg handling reordering and reassembly.
The next 4 bytes, starting at the 23rd byte of the page, is the CRC checksum of the page. Because the value of this field changes, the result of the check is computed with this field equal to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIM | Nim is a mathematical two player game.
Nim or NIM may also refer to:
Nim (programming language)
Nim Chimpsky, a signing chimpanzee
Nim Tottenham, American psychologist
Acronyms
Network Installation Manager, an IBM framework
Nuclear Instrumentation Module
Negative index metamaterial, a metamaterial which can direct and regulate wave propagation due to its negative refractive index
Net interest margin, a measure of banking performance
Nigerian Institute of Management, a professional association
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, a scientific journal
Diori Hamani International Airport (IATA code), Niamey, Niger
See also
Nym (disambiguation)
NIMH (disambiguation)
NIMS (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SACN | SACN can mean
South American Community of Nations, a former customs union
Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition, a United Kingdom government body
Streaming Architecture for Control Networks, a technology standard in the entertainment industry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyle%20Brandt | Kyle Robert Brandt (born January 24, 1979) is an American television host, media personality, and actor. He is one of the co-hosts of Good Morning Football on NFL Network. Previously, he served as executive producer of The Jim Rome Show from 2009 until 2016. He is also known for portraying Philip Kiriakis on the NBC soap opera Days of Our Lives, and starring on MTV's reality television series The Real World: Chicago.
Early life and education
Brandt attended Stevenson High School in Lincolnshire, Illinois and graduated in 1997 as the school's all-time leading rusher for football. He attended Princeton University, where he was a three-year starter at running back and kick returner. While serving as president of his fraternity, Beta Theta Pi, Brandt became increasingly interested in acting and entertainment. He participated in local theater and acted in numerous plays on campus, and wrote his senior thesis on the creative process of adapting books into films. He graduated in 2001 with a degree in English.
The Real World
In Spring of 2001, Brandt was selected from more than 50,000 applicants to be a cast member on MTV's The Real World: Chicago, the 11th season of The Real World. During the show, he and his fellow cast mates worked as lifeguards on North Avenue Beach. After the show, Brandt moved to Los Angeles, California to pursue acting.
Days of Our Lives
From 2003 to 2006, Brandt portrayed the character of Philip Kiriakis on the American soap opera, Days of Our Lives. As a U.S. Marine, Kiriakis' storylines included saving his girlfriend from mercenaries, being tortured as a POW, losing his leg at war.
The Jim Rome Show
In 2007, Brandt became a producer and writer on the nationally syndicated radio show, The Jim Rome Show, hosted by Jim Rome. In 2009, he became executive producer of the show, and in 2011, he began regularly hosting as a fill-in host. He has interviewed Peyton Manning, Troy Polamalu, Dana White, Vince Vaughn, Adam Carolla, and Rob Riggle, among others. Brandt's final day was on July 22, 2016, after which he joined NFL Network's revamped morning show.
CBS Sports Network
From 2013 to 2015, Brandt regularly appeared on Jim Rome's daily television show on CBS Sports Network, Rome. He hosted a segment every Friday called "The Sixer", where he would preview the upcoming weekend in sports, entertainment, and lifestyle. On Halloween of 2014, Brandt guest hosted a special edition of Rome, doing the entire show from the perspective of Han Solo. From 2012 to 2015, Brandt also served as a producer and writer for Jim Rome on Showtime until its cancellation in 2015.
NFL Network
On July 19, 2016, it was announced that Brandt would be one of the hosts of Good Morning Football, a daily morning show on NFL Network beginning August 1.
During his time on Good Morning Football, Brandt became known for his hype videos, particularly in favor of the Buffalo Bills and Cleveland Browns.
Other media
In August 2020, Brandt began hosting the interview |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cybertron | Cybertron may refer to:
A fictional planet, the homeworld of the Transformers and the planet form of their creator Primus
The English dub name for "Tobikage", a small robotic ninja in the TV series Ninja Senshi Tobikage
The Japanese name for the Autobot faction from the Transformers multimedia franchise
The Japanese name for the Maximal faction from Beast Wars: Transformers
A fictional robot in the TV series SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron
The original title for the show VR Troopers
An experimental learning machine (computer) developed by Raytheon Company in early 1960s to analyze sonar, electrocardiograms and speech, equipped with a "goof" button to correct its mistakes
See also
Cybotron (disambiguation)
Cybertron Mission, a 1984 video game
Transformers: Cybertron, a Transformers series known as Transformers: Galaxy Force in Japan
Transformers: War for Cybertron
Cyberon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whammy%21%20The%20All-New%20Press%20Your%20Luck | Whammy! (subtitled The All-New Press Your Luck for its first season) is an American television game show that aired new episodes on Game Show Network (GSN) from April 15, 2002, to December 5, 2003. The series was produced by Fremantle North America, in association with GSN. The main goal of the game is to earn as much money and prizes as possible through collecting spins by answering trivia questions correctly, then using those spins on a gameboard to win various prizes and cash amounts while attempting to avoid the show's eponymous character, the "Whammy." Contestants who do land on a Whammy lose all their prizes accumulated to that point; four Whammies eliminates a contestant from the game. The program is an updated version of Press Your Luck, which originally aired on CBS from September 19, 1983, to September 26, 1986. The series was taped at Tribune Studios and was hosted by Todd Newton, with Gary Kroeger announcing. The show aired in reruns on GSN until 2017, and came back on May 11, 2020, up until October 1, 2021.
Gameplay
Gameplay remained largely similar to Press Your Luck, with contestants accumulating cash and prizes and attempting to avoid landing on a Whammy, who took away the winnings of any contestant who landed on it. At the start of the game, each of the three contestants was spotted $1,000 and took turns taking one spin at a time on the board. After each cycle of spins, additional Whammies were added to the board replacing cash values or prizes, and contestants chose to spin again or freeze with their score at that point. Any contestant who hit a Whammy was eliminated from play for the rest of the round. Play continued until all three contestants froze or hit a Whammy. Cash values ranged from $100–$1,500 in round one, and prizes of similar values also appeared.
Round two consisted of five questions (four in some episodes) posed to the players. The host read a question, and one of the contestants buzzed-in and provided a response. Their response, along with two other choices, were provided to the other two contestants, who selected one of the choices. Correct answers earned three spins for a buzz-in answer and one spin for a multiple choice answer. After five questions, all three contestants advanced to the final round.
In the final round, cash values ranged from $500–$5,000, and some spaces offered additional spins in addition to cash. Other spaces offered the choice of up to four adjacent spaces, or directed the contestants directly to another space. Any contestant who accumulated a total of four Whammies, including any that were hit in round one, was eliminated from the game. Also added to the board were "Double Whammies," which, in addition to bankruptcy, added a physical consequence following the Whammy's appearance (e.g. spraying the contestant with water or dropping ping-pong balls on them). Play began with the contestant with the lowest score at the start of the round, or, in the case of a tie for last place, the contes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer%20Bees%21 | Killer Bees! is an action video game written by Robert S. Harris for the Magnavox Odyssey2 and published in 1983.
Reception
Art Levis for Electronic Fun with Computers & Games said "Here's a game that has great play value, doesn't involve the shopworn space or maze cliches, is graphically vivid and has great sound effects – yet only an eccentric handful of games players will ever know its joysticks".
Reviews
TeleMatch - Dec, 1983
Tilt - Sep, 1983
Games #42
Games #44
References
External links
"Bob Harris And The Secret Of The Killer Bees", Dieter Koenig, archived at classic-consoles-center, retrieved 2023-07-11
The Vid Kid's Book of Home Video Games
Review in Videogaming and Computer Gaming Illustrated
Odyssey 2 Adventure - Volume 2 Issue 2
in Electronic Games
1983 video games
Magnavox Odyssey 2 games
Shoot 'em ups
Video games about insects
Video games developed in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20in%20rail%20transport |
Events
January events
January 1 – METRORail light rail service in Houston, Texas, opens.
February events
February – Pacific National takes over Australian Transport Network.
February 3 – The first freight train travels the entire north-south transcontinental railroad in Australia between Adelaide, South Australia, and Darwin, Northern Territory.
February 6 – A suicide bomber kills 41 people near Avtozavodskaya subway station on Moscow Metro's Zamoskvoretskaya Line. See: February 2004 Moscow Metro bombing
March events
March 11 – 2004 Madrid train bombings: Simultaneous bombings on Cercanías commuter trains in Madrid (Spain) kill 191 people and injure more than 1,800.
March 13 – First services are operated by M250 series Super Rail Cargo high speed freight electric multiple units of the Japan Freight Railway Company.
March 20 – An agreement between the governments of Thailand and Laos is signed to extend the railway to Thanaleng Railway Station in Laos, about 3.5 km (2.2 mi) from the Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge, which would become the first railway link to Laos.
March 28 – First services operate on Binhai Mass Transit (or Jinbin light rail) in Tianjin, China, including No. 1 bridge (25.8 kilometres (16 mi) in length).
March 30 – High-speed train service is inaugurated in Korea between Seoul and Daegu.
April events
April – The United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit in Pierre, South Dakota, rules that the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad may use eminent domain to purchase land in South Dakota in order to build the railroad's extension into Wyoming's Powder River Basin.
April – Great North Eastern Railways, operators of services on the East Coast Main Line in England and Scotland, introduce 802.11b wireless LAN access to the Internet on their Mallard InterCity 225 trains.
April 1 – High speed train service is inaugurated in Korea between Seoul and Busan; the trains make the trip in 2 hours and 40 minutes.
April 1 - Tokyo subway system, Tokyo Metro replaced and private company from Teito Rapid Transit Authority.
April 5 - The Manila Line 2 commenced almost full commercial operations by opening the segment from Araneta Center–Cubao Station up to Legarda Station.
April 6 – Amtrak passenger train City of New Orleans en route to Chicago from New Orleans derails near Flora, Mississippi, resulting in one fatality.
April 18 – Connex takes over the half of the Melbourne suburban rail network formerly operated by M>Train.
April 29 – The European Railway Agency , headquartered in Lille, France, is formed.
May events
May 1 – The MAX Yellow Line, Interstate Avenue light rail line, opens in Portland, Oregon.
May 9 – Construction begins on a railway tunnel under the Bosphorus strait in Turkey; the tunnel opened for service in 2013.
May 10 – Canadian National Railway acquires Bessemer and Lake Erie Railroad and Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway
May 15 – With repairs to tunnels 8 and 16 complete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BIOS%20interrupt%20call | BIOS implementations provide interrupts that can be invoked by operating systems and application programs to use the facilities of the firmware on IBM PC compatible computers. Traditionally, BIOS calls are mainly used by DOS programs and some other software such as boot loaders (including, mostly historically, relatively simple application software that boots directly and runs without an operating system—especially game software). BIOS runs in the real address mode (Real Mode) of the x86 CPU, so programs that call BIOS either must also run in real mode or must switch from protected mode to real mode before calling BIOS and then switching back again. For this reason, modern operating systems that use the CPU in Protected mode or Long mode generally do not use the BIOS interrupt calls to support system functions, although they use the BIOS interrupt calls to probe and initialize hardware during booting. Real mode has the 1MB memory limitation, modern boot loaders (e.g. GRUB2, Windows Boot Manager) use the unreal mode or protected mode (and execute the BIOS interrupt calls in the Virtual 8086 mode, but only for OS booting) to access up to 4GB memory.
In all computers, software instructions control the physical hardware (screen, disk, keyboard, etc.) from the moment the power is switched on. In a PC, the BIOS, pre-loaded in ROM on the motherboard, takes control immediately after the CPU is reset, including during power-up, when a hardware reset button is pressed, or when a critical software failure (a triple fault) causes the mainboard circuitry to automatically trigger a hardware reset. The BIOS tests the hardware and initializes its state; finds, loads, and runs the boot program (usually, an OS boot loader, and historical ROM BASIC); and provides basic hardware control to the software running on the machine, which is usually an operating system (with application programs) but may be a directly booting single software application.
For IBM's part, they provided all the information needed to use their BIOS fully or to directly utilize the hardware and avoid BIOS completely, when programming the early IBM PC models (prior to the PS/2). From the beginning, programmers had the choice of using BIOS or not, on a per-hardware-peripheral basis. IBM did strongly encourage the authorship of "well-behaved" programs that accessed hardware only through BIOS INT calls (and DOS service calls), to support compatibility of software with current and future PC models having dissimilar peripheral hardware, but IBM understood that for some software developers and hardware customers, a capability for user software to directly control the hardware was a requirement. In part, this was because a significant subset of all the hardware features and functions was not exposed by the BIOS services. For two examples (among many), the MDA and CGA adapters are capable of hardware scrolling, and the PC serial adapter is capable of interrupt-driven data transfer, but the IBM BIOS su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20in%20rail%20transport |
Events
January events
January 1 – The national railway operator in the Republic of Ireland, Great Southern Railways, with responsibility for the southern part of the Irish railway network is merged into a new national transport operator, Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ).
January 10 – Los Angeles streetcars make their last run.
January 12 – Bituminous Coal Research Incorporated's Locomotive Study Group, made up of representatives from eastern railroads and locomotive manufacturers in the United States, meets to find ways to combat the rise of the diesel locomotive. They decide reciprocating steam is dead, and to explore coal-fired turbines.
January 19 – United States Army Transportation Corps personnel operate their first train on the Luzon Military Railway (over Manila Railway Company track) in the Philippines.
February events
February 23 – The Treuchtlingen railway station in Bavaria is bombed during World War II; with over 600 killed and 1500 injured, it is the worst railroad disaster in German history.
February – General Motors Electro-Motive Division introduces the EMD E7.
March events
March 6 – German military engineers blow up the Deutsche Reichsbahn's Hohenzollern Bridge across the Rhine at Cologne to inhibit the Allied assault on the city.
March 25 – Virginian Railway takes delivery of its first 2-6-6-6 (class AG) steam locomotives from Lima Locomotive Works.
April events
April 13 – Franklin D. Roosevelt's funeral train begins its journey.
April 27 – Austria's state railway becomes independent of the Deutsche Reichsbahn as the Österreichische Staatseisenbahn (ÖStB).
April – The first airlifts of U.S. Army Transportation Corps metre-gauge petrol locomotives into Burma take place.
May events
May 12 – The Rev. W. V. Awdry's book for children The Three Railway Engines is published in Leicester, England, the first in what is to become The Railway Series.
May 14 – Lima Locomotive Works ships the last Shay locomotive: Western Maryland Railway number 6.
May 25 – 'La Trochita' narrow gauge railway in Patagonia is completed throughout to Esquel, Argentina.
July events
July 16
A train collision near Munich, Germany kills 102 prisoners of war.
Canadian National Railway opens its ore dock at Port Arthur, Ontario.
July 23 – Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad introduces the first Vistadome car, Silver Dome, in the consist of the Twin Cities Zephyr.
July 30 – First SNCF Class 141R 2-8-2 steam locomotive completed by Lima Locomotive Works in the United States for service in France. 1340 of the class are built in North America.
July 31 – General Motors Electro-Motive Division completes the EMD F3 demonstrator.
August events
August 9 – Michigan train wreck: Near Michigan City, North Dakota, the second section of the Great Northern Railway's Empire Builder rear-ends the stalled first section at an estimated 45 mph, killing 34 people and injuring 110 others. The first section had been forced to stop due to a hotbox on the locom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your%20Computer%20%28Australian%20magazine%29 | Your Computer was an Australian computer magazine published by the White House Publishing Group (under licence from Motorword Pty Ltd.) and printed by The Lithgo Centre, Waterloo. Starting with the very first issue in May/June 1981 (102 pages) (with a limited print run of 30,000) at the recommended price of $2.00. Around 1985 the magazine was later published by Federal Publishing Company (Hannanprint Group) and printed by Macquarie Print. The monthly magazine's final issue was May/June 1997. The first editor of the magazine was Les Bell.
The articles in Your Computer catered for beginners to computing, through to highly technical programming techniques, industry updates, resources, user group and microcomputer-specific columns, and published many special features of Australian technology companies. Articles were written by both full-time magazine staff and freelance contributors, including Les Bell, Matt Whalen, Bill Bolton, Stewart White and Lloyd Borrett. Cartoonist Brendan J Ackhurst was also a frequent contributor of illustrations to the magazine. The magazine was launched in the pre-PC era, and so for many years, the magazine was focused on the then home computers such as the Commodore 64, Apple II, MicroBee and many others; however unlike most publications of this type, it never completely specialized on any one market, and so catered for hobbyists, serious hobbyists, and professionals, and remained platform agnostic.
References
Notes
– Apple's Lisa 2, the Australian Personal Computer of the Year. APPLE Computer's innovative Lisa personal computer was adjudged Australian Personal Computer of the Year by Your Computer magazine last month.
– Hewlett-Packard's Model 110 portable computer has been judged the personal computer of the year in a competition run by Your Computer magazine. Microsoft's $95 Flight Simulator II program has won the software product of the year award.
– IBM's PC AT has been awarded Your Computer magazine's 1986 award for personal computer of the year
– Your Computer magazine announced the winner of its Personal Computer of the Year Award. It was won by the ma chine that many people" think IBM should have designed but didn't, the remarkable 32 bit Compaq Deskpro 386. ... Aldus Corporation's Pagemaker was named software product of the year
– The Macintosh II has won the 1988 Australian Hardware of the Year Award. The annual award hosted by Your Computer magazine, is compiled by a group of industry specialists and is probably the most prestigious in the Australian computer industry.
1981 establishments in Australia
1997 disestablishments in Australia
Computer magazines published in Australia
Defunct computer magazines
Defunct magazines published in Australia
Home computer magazines
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines disestablished in 1997
Mass media in New South Wales
Monthly magazines published in Australia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accoona | Accoona was an internet company with offices in Jersey City, New Jersey, and Shanghai, China. Their main product was a search engine that claimed to use artificial intelligence to better understand searches. On June 23, 2005, in the ABC Times Square Studios, the AI Accoona Toolbar, driven by a Fritz 9 prototype, played against the chess grandmaster Rustam Kasimdzhanov. In addition to traditional searches, it allows business profile searches, and its signature "SuperTarget" feature. Their exclusive partnership with China Daily, a large Chinese internet portal, was seen as a highly strategic move.
The CEO of Accoona was Valentine J. Zammit, formerly of 24/7 Real Media and DoubleClick.
After IPO problems, Accoona shut down on October 5, 2008.
In October 2008 the web page said: "Dear Accoona search users, Due to an overwhelmingly competitive search market, Accoona.com and Accoona.cn will no longer be active. We thank you for your previous support. Sincerely, Accoona Management."
Accoona's domains and search facilities were acquired by Masterseek B2B (business-to-business) search engine on October 30, 2008.
Partnerships
Accoona provided the search technology to the Chinese portals Sina.com and Sohu. They also formed a 20-year exclusive partnership with China Daily. Through this partnership and its widespread Chinese affiliates, Accoona expected 10 million hits daily from the otherwise isolated Chinese user base.
Accoona signed a million dollar deal with FAST Search from Norway to help enhance their rankings.
Press
Accoona received attention after selecting former President Bill Clinton as a spokesperson on December 8, 2004.
Accoona also received significant coverage from the webmaster community after many forum sites were spammed with promotional Accoona entries.
Accoona was selected among the "50 Coolest Websites" of 2006 by Time magazine.
References
See also
Twing
External links
Accoona Business Directory
Internet search engines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailer | Mailer may refer to:
Mass mailer, a computer worm that spreads itself via e-mail
Mailer (occupation), an individual employed to handle newspapers from the press to the truck.
Mailer (surname)
Padded envelope
See also
Mail carrier
E-mailer
Central Mailer (disambiguation)
Mailer-Daemon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiled%20printing | Tiled printing is a method that computer programs use to enable users to print images larger than a standard page. This method was popularized by a program called The Rasterbator. A tiled printing program overlays a grid on the printed image in which each cell (or tile) is the size of a printed page and then prints each tile. A person can then arrange the tiles to reconstruct the full image.
Tiled printing has been widespread since the days of mainframe computers. An early example is the Unix banner program, which in some Unix variants created very large printable text banners out of ASCII characters. Programs were available to convert images to ASCII art that, when printed large enough and viewed sufficiently far away, appeared to be smoothly shaded. Modern software may use halftoning to achieve a similar effect.
Another form of tiled printing, inspired by continuous feed printers, involves making a long message of letters, possibly with inline graphics of the same height, and printing it sideways over several pages to make a banner. This type of printing is usually associated with The Print Shop, a 1980s software package.
Since high resolution images are used to create the prints, a large amount of ink is used in the process of making tiled prints. Inexpensive ink jet printers now allow people to make tiled printouts that do not sacrifice the original image's resolution at reasonable cost. These decorations are sometimes called rasterbations, after a popular tiled printing program, "The Rasterbator." The Rasterbator program accepts users' images and divides them into a grid format. Users can specify how big the final product should be, in terms of pages. The Rasterbator then produces PDF images that when printed out, form the entire picture.
World records
Rasterbation is often the subject of record-breaking attempts to create the largest and most impressive tiled prints. The title of the world's largest rasterbation was previously held by "the Doomtech crew". However, in June 2007 the graduating class of the University of Toronto Schools, a Toronto high school, produced a rasterbation incorporating 1462 sheets of "×14" legal-sized paper. This achievement surpassed the previous record by over two hundred sheets, but then was overtaken by a group from Groton School in May 2008. The Groton School Rasterbation used more than 1500 sheets of 11x14" paper and was 100' tall, making it the largest ever.
In June 2012, another graduating class from the University of Toronto Schools produced 74 rasterbations in one night, each incorporating 143 sheets of ×11" letter-sized paper, for a record-shattering total of 10,582 sheets. Each rasterbation included the face of one of the graduating students with a doorway cut out of his or her gaping mouth - altogether, they created a corridor of mouths throughout the school's hallways.
In March 2013, a rasterbation of Edvard Munchs iconic painting The Scream was created at Norway's largest computer party The |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avahi%20%28software%29 | Avahi is a free zero-configuration networking (zeroconf) implementation, including a system for multicast DNS/DNS-SD service discovery. It is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL).
Avahi is a system which enables programs to publish and discover services and hosts running on a local network. For example, a user can plug a computer into a network and have Avahi automatically advertise the network services running on its machine, facilitating user access to those services.
Software architecture
Avahi implements the Apple Zeroconf specification, mDNS, DNS-SD and RFC 3927/IPv4LL. Other implementations include Apple's Bonjour framework (the mDNSResponder component of which is licensed under the Apache License).
Avahi provides a set of language bindings (Python, Mono, etc.) and ships with most Linux and BSD distributions. Because of its modularized architecture, major desktop components like GNOME Virtual file system and KDE input/output architecture already integrate Avahi.
Avahi vs. Bonjour
The Avahi project started in 2004 because Apple's Zeroconf implementation, Bonjour, used the GPL-incompatible Apple Public Source License. In 2006 Apple relicensed parts of Bonjour under the Apache License.
Avahi's performance resembles that of Bonjour, sometimes exceeding it; however Avahi can lose services when managing large numbers of requests simultaneously.
History
Avahi was developed by Lennart Poettering and Trent Lloyd. It is the result of a merger in 2005 of Poettering's original mDNS/DNS-SD implementation called "FlexMDNS", and Lloyd's original code called "Avahi". While most of today's code originates from the former project, the name of the latter was used for the joint project. Development on "FlexMDNS" started in late 2004, and work on the original "Avahi" began in early 2004.
Avahi was originally developed under the freedesktop.org umbrella, but has now become a separate project. Avahi, however, makes use of freedesktop.org's D-Bus IPC layer.
The name Avahi is the Malagasy native name and scientific Latin name of a genus of woolly lemur, a family of primates indigenous to Madagascar. Trent Lloyd found the name, liked it, and it stuck. The logo reflects this. Perhaps in coincidence, Avahi backwards is "I-hav-a", a description of a discovery advertisement.
See also
Linux on the desktop
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
Network Information Service
OSGi Alliance
References
External links
Talk and slides by Poettering/Lloyd at linux.conf.au 2007
Freedesktop.org
Applications using D-Bus
Free network-related software
Free software programmed in C
GNOME
KDE |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam%20Register | Sam Register (born June 16, 1969) is an American television producer, animator, and businessman. He is currently the president of Warner Bros. Animation, Cartoon Network Studios, and Hanna-Barbera Studios Europe.
Career
Formerly Vice President of Cartoon Network, Register was the brain behind CartoonNetwork.com, which was launched in 1998. After creating CartoonNetwork.com, Register came up with the idea of Cartoon Orbit in 2000. He was the creative director of Cartoon Orbit during 2000 and 2001. Register had his head start at directing toy commercials, before he moved over to Cartoon Network.
He was the creator of Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi and The Looney Tunes Show, and served as executive producer of Teen Titans and Ben 10. He also served as executive producer for Transformers: Animated, based on the popular Transformers franchise, and Ben 10: Alien Force. He then became the executive producer of Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, Teen Titans Go!, Mike Tyson Mysteries, and Unikitty!
The fictional character, Dr. Samuel Register (from the Teen Titans comics), was named after Sam Register. On August 28, 2020, Register officially became the president of both Warner Bros. Animation and Cartoon Network Studios. Recently, he has been the executive producer of the HBO Max original series, Looney Tunes Cartoons and Jellystone! as well as Adult Swim original series Primal and Unicorn: Warriors Eternal (both created by Genndy Tartakovsky. He also served as an executive producer for films like Teen Titans Go! To the Movies and the 2021 live-action/animated Tom and Jerry hybrid movie.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Keynote: Sam Register, Warner Bros. Animation corporative conference at the 2011 MIP Junior screenings
LinkedIn Profile
1969 births
American television producers
Living people
Warner Bros. people
Cartoon Network Studios people
Warner Bros. Animation people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel%20Bassett | Isabel Bassett (born August 23, 1939) is a Canadian broadcaster and former politician. From 1999 until 2005 she was the chair and CEO of TVOntario/TFO, Ontario's provincial public television network. She has been a controversial figure at times, but is also a highly regarded pioneer in Canadian broadcasting.
Background
Bassett was born Isabel Glenthorne Macdonald in Halifax, Nova Scotia. She received a Bachelor of Arts from Queen's University and a Master of Arts from York University in 1973. As well, she graduated from teacher's college and taught English and French at Humberside Collegiate Institute.
Bassett first entered Canadian public life as a journalist for the Toronto Telegram in the 1960s. She later joined CTV, where she became a prominent reporter and documentary producer, including a stint with W5, after marrying Baton Broadcasting owner John Bassett on July 17, 1967. Although her documentary work for CTV won numerous awards, she was sometimes accused of having been given her position solely because she was married to the owner. John Bassett died in 1998, and Isabel subsequently began a relationship with cabinet colleague Ernie Eves. Bassett has also written a number of books on the political, social and historical achievements of Canadian women.
Politics
In the federal election of 1993, Bassett ran as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the Toronto riding of St. Paul's. She lost to Liberal Barry Campbell by over 15,000 votes.
Bassett was elected in the provincial election of 1995, defeating Liberal candidate Carolyn Bennett (later a federal Member of Parliament) by about 3,500 votes. She served as the Progressive Conservative Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP) for St. Andrew—St. Patrick for the next four years. On October 10, 1997, she was appointed Minister of Citizenship, Culture and Recreation in the government of Mike Harris. Despite the Harris government's right-wing reputation, Bassett is a Red Tory, and was one of the most socially progressive members of the Harris cabinet.
In the 1999 provincial election, Bassett was defeated in the new provincial riding of St. Paul's by Liberal candidate Michael Bryant. She was one of several Toronto Progressive Conservatives defeated in the city due to the unpopularity of Harris' government.
Cabinet positions
TV Ontario
After the election, Bassett was appointed as head of TVOntario by Mike Harris. Her mandate was to refocus the network on educational programming; however, Bassett successfully found ways to ensure that the network's most popular non-educational programs, such as Saturday Night at the Movies and Studio 2, could continue to air.
Bassett's position again became controversial when Eves became Premier of Ontario in 2002, with media critics noting the potential conflict of interest inherent in Bassett remaining as head of TVOntario while simultaneously in a common law relationship with the provincial premier. However, Bassett was popular within TVOntario, and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1894%20in%20rail%20transport |
Events
January events
January 1 – Bangor and Aroostook Railroad begins rail service connecting Aroostook County, Maine to the United States rail network.
April events
April 29 – The Lake Street Elevated Railroad in Chicago is extended west from California & Lake to Laramie (52nd) Avenue.
May events
May 11 – 3,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company go on strike to protest lowered wages without an equivalent reduction in expenses charged in the company town, Pullman, Illinois (a suburb of Chicago).
July events
July 7 – The Wichita Falls Railway, a predecessor of the Missouri–Kansas–Texas Railroad, is incorporated in Texas.
July 15 – Central Pacific Railroad scraps El Gobernador, at the time the largest locomotive in the world.
August events
August 4 – The Denver, Leadville and Gunnison Railway in Colorado, which purchased the Denver, South Park and Pacific Railroad five years earlier, enters receivership.
August 7 – The West Highland Railway, operated by the North British Railway, is publicly opened to Fort William, Scotland.
August 27 – Pontiac Pacific Junction Railway opens the segment between Fort-Coulonge and Waltham, Quebec, a line segment that was completed in February 1888.
October events
October – Mur Valley Railway opens in Austria with the first class U 0-6-2T.
November events
November – Eben B. Thomas succeeds John King as president of the Erie Railroad.
November 7 – The Southern Pacific Railroad inaugurates the Sunset Express passenger train between New Orleans and San Francisco.
December events
December 22 – The Chelford rail accident in England kills 14.
Unknown date events
The Southern Railway is formed from the combination of the Richmond and Danville Railroad system and the East Tennessee, Virginia and Georgia Railroad.
Stearns Manufacturing Company of Erie, Pennsylvania, starts manufacturing Heisler locomotives.
Oliver Robert Hawke Bury moves from the Chief mechanical engineer position at the Great Western Railway of Brazil to the same position at the Entre Ríos Railway in Argentina.
Construction of first oil-engined locomotive, an experimental unit designed by William Dent Priestman and built by his company, Priestman Brothers of Hull, England.
Births
Deaths
March 2 – William H. Osborn, president of Illinois Central Railroad 1855–1865, president of Chicago, St. Louis and New Orleans Railroad 1875–1882, dies (b. 1820).
September 1 – Robert Pearson Brereton, chief assistant to Isambard Kingdom Brunel who completed many engineering projects after Brunel's death in 1859 (b. 1818).
References
(January 16, 2005), Biographies of chairmen, managers & other senior officers. Retrieved February 10, 2005. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20state%20highways%20in%20New%20Jersey%20before%201927 | {
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "State highways in New Jersey before 1927.map"
}
New Jersey was one of the first U.S. states to adopt a system of numbered state highways. New Jersey's original numbered highway system was first legislated in 1916, succeeding another proposal submitted in 1913 by the State Highway commission. By 1923, 24 routes had been numbered. Due to a lack of central organizing oversight, many routes were legislated, but not numbered. A partial renumbering was proposed in 1926 to eliminate duplicates and give numbers to all routes, and in 1927 a full renumbering was carried out.
History
The earliest efforts for the state of New Jersey to maintain a network of highways dates back to 1891, when law was passed allotting funds for the construction of highways. This was bolstered in 1894 with the creation of a Commissioner of Public Roads, which evolved into the State Highway Commission in 1909. The first highways the commission created were the Ocean Highway and the Delaware River Drive, created in 1909 and 1911 respectively. The first effort at a state-wide highway network was begun by the commission in 1912 and submitted for approval in 1913. This system was never put in place; instead, the first permanent system to define a system of highways in the state was created by the Egan Bill (1916 state laws, chapter 285), which designated the initial system of 13 routes, bolstered by the Edge Bill (L. 1917 c. 14), which went into more detail on funding, maintenance, and similar issues. At this time most primary roads in the state had trail numbers which bore no resemblance to the highway numbers; these were soon obsoleted by the new system.
However, after 1921, the process was less coordinated, as local politicians tried to get their route built without concern for duplication of numbers. The State Highway Commission was not allowed to change the numbers; the best they could do was assign suffixes. Where multiple routes existed with the same number, suffixes of N and S were used for the northernmost and southernmost. Starting in 1923, various unnumbered routes were also assigned; none of these were taken over by 1927.
Construction and maintenance transfers began by 1917 with Route 13 (the Lincoln Highway, now Route 27) north of Kingston; the routes were marked by 1922.
In 1926, a partial renumbering was proposed to eliminate duplicates and assign a number to every route; this would have given the system numbers from 1 to 30. Instead, a total renumbering was adopted in 1927 as public law chapter 319. This system - the 1927 renumbering - assigned numbers from 1 to 12 in northern New Jersey, 21 to 28 roughly radiating from Newark, 29 to 37 from Trenton, 38 to 47 from Camden, and 48 to 50 in South Jersey. Portions of the pre-1927 routes that had been taken over or built, but were not assigned new numbers, kept their old numbers. These four routes - Route 4N, Route 5N, Route 8N and Route 18N - were all as |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub | Sub or SUB may refer to:
Places
Juanda International Airport, Surabaya, Indonesia, IATA code SUB
People
Bottom (BDSM), or "sub" for "submissive"
Substitute teacher
Computing and technology
<sub>, an HTML tag for subscript
SUB designates a subroutine in some programming languages
SUB, substitute character, ASCII character 26
SUB, subtraction processor command
.sub (disambiguation), several file extensions
Subeditor
Subwoofer loudspeaker
Typography
Subscript and superscript
Subtitle
Entertainment and media
Sub (TV channel)
Sub (album), a 2000 album by Swiss industrial metal band Apollyon Sun
The Sub, a 2017 American short horror film
Subs (film), a 2018 German film
Other uses
Seafarers' Union of Burma, or SUB
Submarine sandwich, or hero sandwich
Submarine boat
Submersible boat
Subscription
See also
Semisub
Süß
Substitute (disambiguation)
Submarine (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Davis%20%28programmer%29 | Paul Davis (formerly known as Paul Barton-Davis) is a British-American software developer best known for his work on audio software (JACK) for the Linux operating system, and for his role as one of the first two programmers at Amazon.com.
Davis grew up in the English Midlands and in London. After studying molecular biology and biophysics, he did post-graduate studies in computational biology at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot and EMBL in Heidelberg.
He immigrated to the U.S. in 1989. He lived in Seattle for seven years, where he worked for the Computer Science and Engineering Department at the University of Washington, and several smaller software companies in Seattle. While in Seattle, he helped to get Amazon.com off the ground during the period 1994–1996, making critical contributions to Amazon's backend systems alongside Shel Kaphan, before subsequently moving to Philadelphia in 1996. In 2019 he moved with his wife to Galisteo, NM
He went on to fund the development of various audio software for Linux, including Ardour and the JACK Audio Connection Kit. He works full-time on free software.
He is also an ultra-marathon runner and touring cyclist.
References
External links
Paul Davis' home page
Computer programmers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20Airport | CNN Airport was an American out-of-home television network owned and operated by AT&T's WarnerMedia through CNN, hence its name. The service broadcast general news, weather, stock market updates, entertainment, and travel content to airports across the United States. The founding management was led by Jon Petrovich and Scott Weiss. Deborah Cooper was the inaugural vice president/general manager.
CNN Airport's 24-hour schedule consisted of roughly 16% live news, 19% live sports, 24% lifestyle, 24% travel, and 10% for local inserts from airports if they warrant.
The network discontinued operations on March 31, 2021.
History
The network originally was test launched from June 3 to July 14, 1991, at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Hartsfield-Atlanta International Airport and O'Hare International Airport, and officially debuted on January 20, 1992, as the CNN Airport Network.
CNN Airport was available in 58 airports in the United States. CNN would pay local airport authorities for the exclusive rights to run its programming on monitors throughout their terminals.
Its breakfast and early fringe schedule included news programming from CNN and HLN, broadcast on a 10-second delay. The network also aired air travelers-designed weather, business and travel segments. CNN Airport broadcast 24/7, with around-the-clock technical and editorial staffing, including three of its own reporters. Due to the network's prominence in public waiting areas, the network had stricter content standards than the regular CNN; for instance, stories involving commercial aviation incidents and crashes did not appear on the network, and were overlaid with automated weather conditions. Stories that involved sexual content and graphic violence are similarly overlaid. The network's digital on-screen graphics were designed larger than industry standards, to allow readability of fonts at a distance. The network also carried sports coverage from Turner Sports properties, along with other sports rights such as the NFL and the Super Bowl from other networks which were contractually bound to only air on airport screens. Commercial breaks instead carried interstitials from other Turner and Time Warner properties, and the ability to break into programming for airport-wide advisory messages.
In 2018, Republican Iowa congressman Steve King accused CNN Airport of having a monopoly on partisan grounds, proposing an unsuccessful amendment to the FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 to prohibit a single broadcaster from holding a monopoly over television programming screened at airport terminals. Most American international airports and larger train stations also have shops managed by Paradies Lagardère or other vendors which license the names of other cable networks such as CNBC and Fox News (along with CNN itself) to brand those shops, and likewise screen those channels on the televisions within their premises inexclusive of an airport's advertising and screen deals.
On January 12, 202 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal%20Voices%20Radio%20Network | Aboriginal Voices Radio Network (rebranded as Voices Radio in 2014) was a Canadian radio network, which primarily broadcast music programming and other content of interest to aboriginal people. As of June 2015, the network operated stations in Toronto, Ontario (where its studios and offices were located), Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta, and Vancouver, British Columbia. All of its stations were licensed as rebroadcasters of its flagship station, CKAV-FM in Toronto. The network's administrative office was located in Ohsweken, Ontario, on the Six Nations Indian reserve near Brantford. The stations' music programming consisted mainly of adult contemporary music (including both mainstream and indigenous artists), along with specialty programs focusing on aboriginal-oriented content.
On June 25, 2015, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission revoked Voices Radio's broadcast licences effective July 25, 2015, citing a long-term history of non-compliance with conditions of their licences. The CRTC issued a call for applications for new radio services in the markets vacated by the network, with special priority given to new First Nations services. The suspension was stayed on July 23, 2015, by the Federal Court of Appeal, pending the outcome of a request for a leave to appeal the CRTC's decision. The stay was lifted on November 10, 2016, when AVR lost its appeal and the network left the air shortly afterwards.
History
Aboriginal Voices Radio Network (AVR) was founded in 1998 by a group of high-profile aboriginal Canadians, including actor Gary Farmer, playwright, novelist and author Tomson Highway, filmmaker Alanis Obomsawin and actress/producer Jennifer Podemski. The brand descended from Aboriginal Voices magazine, edited by Farmer, which published from 1993 to 1999, and Aboriginal Voices Festival which ran annually in Toronto from 1998 to 2000. Other founders and key contributors to creation of the network included project manager and training coordinator Brian Wright-McLeod, Christopher Spence and Andre Morriseau (production and programming), John Matthews and Mark MacLeod (licensing), Robert Templeton and J. Robert Wood (corporate funding), Elaine Bomberry, David Deleary, Sherman Maness, Nicole Robertson, Minnie Two Shoes and Doug Bingley (strategic advice). The network's original scope was to feature programming produced primarily by and for Aboriginal people in Canada, featuring music and personalities from around the world.
AVR's first station, CFIE-FM in Toronto, was licensed by the CRTC in 2000. CFIE changed its callsign to CKAV in 2006. AVR had previously operated on 106.3 FM (JUMP FM) for a short 6 day period in 1998 during the Aboriginal Voices Festival at Harbourfront Centre in Toronto. The network faced technical and logistical problems which have prevented it from launching some of its stations; and the original found here and management were forced out by 2004. The network had applied to the CRTC for extensions fi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look%20into%20the%20Eyeball | Look into the Eyeball is the sixth studio album by musician David Byrne, released on May 8, 2001. The single "Like Humans Do" was supplied with the Windows XP operating system to showcase Microsoft's Windows Media Player.
"" is a Spanish language song, performed with Nrü (a.k.a. Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega) from Café Tacuba. The title means "I Am Unknown" in English.
As of August 2001 the album has sold 63,000 copies in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan.
Track listing
All songs written and arranged by David Byrne
Personnel
David Byrne – vocals and guitar, keyboards on "Walk on the Water", Mellotron on "Everyone's in Love with You", and timpani on "The Accident"
Additional musicians
Thom Bell – Rhodes on "Neighborhood"
Herb Besson – trombone
Virgil Blackwell – clarinet on "Smile"
Kysia Bostic – back-up vocals
Paulo Braga – percussion on "The Great Intoxication"
Vinicius Cantuária – percussion on "The Great Intoxication"
Bob Carlisle – French horn
Tara Chambers – cello
Vivian Cherry – back-up vocals
Greg Cohen – upright bass
Imani Coppola – back-up vocals on "Everyone's in Love with You"
Nick Cords – viola
Michael Davis – trombone
Larry Etkin – flugelhorn and trumpet on "Broken Things"
Bruno Eicher – violin
Arlen Fast – bassoon on "The Accident""
Paul Frazier – bass guitar
Robert Funk – trombone on "Broken Things"
Karen Griffin – piccolo
Dawn Hannay – viola
Jim Hayes – trumpet on "Like Humans Do"
Birch Johnson – trombone on "Broken Things"
Bradley Jones – bass on "The Revolution", baby bass on "Everyone's in Love with You"
Rodd Kadleck – trumpet
Vivek Kamath – viola
Lisa Kim – violin
Judy Leclair – bassoon on "The Accident""
Ken Lewis – bass and keyboards
Eileen Moon – cello
Kristina Mosso – violin
Maxim Moston – violin
Nrü (a.k.a. Rubén Isaac Albarrán Ortega) – vocals on "Desconocido Soy"
Suzanne Ornstein – violin
Sandra Park – violin
Rajnhidur Pejursdottir – violin
Shawn Pelton – drum kit and percussion
Susan Pray – viola
Dan Reed – violin
Mauro Refosco – percussion
Robert Rinehart – viola
Stewart Rose – French horn
Roger Rosenberg – baritone saxophone
Marlon Saunders – back-up vocals
Laura Seaton – violin
Sarah Seiver – cello
Fiona Simon – violin
Alan Stepansky – cello
John Vercesi – Rhodes on "The Revolution"
Shelley Woodworth – English horn on "The Great Intoxication"
Sharon Yamada – violin
Production
David Byrne – photography
Greg Calbi – mastering
Danny Clinch – photography
Stephen Doyle – photography
Ken Lewis – engineering, mixing (tracks 2 to 12)
Michael Mangini – producer
Doyle Partners – artwork
Release history
References
External links
DavidByrne.com on Look into the Eyeball
2001 albums
David Byrne albums
Virgin Records albums
Spanish-language albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%20Internet%20Institute | The Oxford Internet Institute (OII) serves as a hub for interdisciplinary research, combining social and computer science to explore information, communication, and technology. It is an integral part of the University of Oxford's Social Sciences Division in England.
Overview
The OII is spread across three locations on St Giles in Oxford, with its main hub at 1 St Giles, owned by Balliol College. This department focuses on exploring digital life to influence Internet research, policy, and usage.
Founded in 2001, the OII explores how the Internet affects our lives. It unites experts in fields like politics, sociology, and science to study online behavior. The current director is Professor Victoria Nash.
Research
Research at the OII covers a diverse range of topics, with faculty publishing journal articles and books on issues including privacy and security, e-government and e-democracy, virtual economies, smart cities, digital exclusion, digital humanities, online gaming, big data and Internet geography. The OII currently has the following research clusters reflecting the diverse expertise of faculty:
Digital Politics and Government
Information Governance, and Security
Social Data Science
Connectivity, Inclusion, and Inequality
Internet Economies
Digital Knowledge and Culture
Education, Digital Life, and Wellbeing
Ethics and Philosophy of Information
The research conducted at the OII covers a wide range of topics in Internet studies and the social impact of online technologies. Online politics, online education, social media and mental health, Internet-based collaboration, online dating, digital economy, the geography of the internet, and ethical and legal aspects of online technologies are among the main research topics followed at the Oxford Internet Institute.
Studies of Wikipedia
OII has published several studies on Internet geography and Wikipedia. In November 2011, The Guardian Data Blog published maps of geotagged Wikipedia articles written in English, Arabic, Egyptian Arabic, French, Hebrew and Persian. OII researcher Mark Graham led the study and published the results on his blog, Zero Geography.
Graham also leads an OII project focused on how new users are perceived, represented, and incorporated into the Wikipedia community.
In 2013, OII researchers led by Taha Yasseri published a study of controversial topics in 10 different language versions of Wikipedia, using data related to "edit wars".
The OII has also been involved in research on the effects of computational propaganda, the ethics of big data in different contexts and the political implications of the Internet and social media. It collaborates with other institutions of the University of Oxford such as the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, the Department of Computer Science, and the Oxford Martin School.
In 2020, OII researcher Fabian Stephany and his colleague Hamza Salem published a study on using information-seeking behaviour patterns of Wikipe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIE%20121%20Class | The Córas Iompair Éireann 121 Class was a railway locomotive which was manufactured by General Motors Electro-Motive Division. These locomotives were in regular service on the Irish railway network until 2002, with the last two remaining in service until early 2008.
History
The poor availability of the A and C class locomotives in the late 1950s together with the split of the cross-border Great Northern Railway in 1958 and the target to eliminate Steam Locomotives led CIÉ to urgently seek more diesel locomotives, turning to an American-style single cab road switcher design from General Motors. The 121 Class were manufactured from December 1960 to January 1961 and numbered B121 to B135 inclusive. The locomotives proved an immediate success, with low maintenance and high availability, and led to further orders from the same supplier starting with the 141 class.
From the early 1970s onwards several locomotives of this class dropped the "B" prefix from their fleet number when re-liveried. The last two locomotives that survived in traffic (124 and B134) were both withdrawn from service on 3 May 2008. Prior to 1961, almost all Irish diesel locomotives were built in Great Britain, but from the 1960s onwards, GM became the sole supplier of locomotives to CIÉ, which eventually also extended to Northern Ireland Railways locomotives at a later stage. These were EMD's first ever fully American-built locomotives delivered to Europe. The layout of the cab was quite different from the other conventional CIÉ diesel models of the time, with the controls to the side of the driver, rather than the front. Due to apparent driver complaints of reduced visibility when operating with cab trailing, it was ultimately decided that these locomotives should only operate in a cab-leading formation. Later conversion for multiple-unit working allowed two 121 class locomotives to be coupled hood-end to hood-end, removing the need to turn them around for their return journey.
Although originally fitted with an EMD 8-567CR engine of , all were later fitted with 645 type "power packs" (piston & liner assemblies) for parts standardisation, while at the same time keeping their original power output for reliability reasons. They weighed and had a maximum speed of . Numbers B126-B129 were later rebuilt with an EMD 8-645E engine of ; as used in the 181 Class locomotives. The engine blocks were originally recycled from withdrawn rebuilt class B201s, but in their later years much swapping of engines occurred between classes 121, 141 and 181.
All but three (B121, B125, and B135) were fitted with Train Door Control equipment for operation with the Inchicore-built, British Rail Mark 3 based, push-pull train units. The push-pull equipment of locomotive B132 was subsequently decommissioned. Entering service in 1989, these trains, consisting of a single 121 Class and up to six carriages, were mainly used on the Dublin northern suburban passenger railway service. These were to be the last |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%20New%20Jersey%20state%20highway%20renumbering | {
"type": "ExternalData",
"service": "page",
"title": "New Jersey State Highway Renumbering 1927.map"
}
In 1927, New Jersey's state highways were renumbered. The old system, which had been defined in sequence by the legislature since 1916, was growing badly, as several routes shared the same number, and many unnumbered state highways had been defined. A partial renumbering was proposed in 1926, but instead a total renumbering was done in 1927.
Some amendments were made in 1929, including the elimination of Route 18N (by merging it into Route 1), and the addition of more spurs, as well as Route 29A, but the system stayed mostly intact until the 1953 renumbering.
Proposed 1926 Renumbering
A partial renumbering was proposed in 1926 to get rid of the duplicates and assigning numbers to many of the unnumbered routes. The proposed 1926 renumbering would have:
extended Route 4 over Route 19
renumbered Route 17N to Route 17
renumbered Route 18N to Route 18
renumbered Route 18S to Route 19
designated Route 21 from Trenton to Buttzville
renumbered Route 17S to Route 22
renumbered Route 18 (unsuffixed) to Route 23
designated Route 24 from Mount Holly to Freehold
renumbered the Route 20 "from a point on Route No. 3, extending by way of West Berlin, Gibbsboro and Haddonfield, connecting with Haddon Avenue in the Borough of Haddonfield, and continuing to approach the Delaware River Bridge" to Route 25, and extended it from West Berlin to Blue Anchor
designated Route 26 from Five Points to Hammonton
designated Route 27 from Camden to Atlantic City
designated Route 28 from South Amboy to Atlantic Highlands
designated Route 29 from Morristown to Hackettstown
designated Route 30 from Far Hills to Tri-State
It was eventually determined that an entire overhaul of the numbering system was necessary.
Design
Chapter 319 of the 1927 public laws defined the new system of routes. Major roads received numbers from 1 to 12 and 21 to 50, as follows:
1-12: northern New Jersey
21-28: radiating from Newark
29-37: radiating from Trenton
38-47: radiating from Camden
48-50: southern New Jersey
Spurs were also defined, being assigned a prefix of S. For example, Route S26 was a short spur of Route 26 connecting to Route 25 south of New Brunswick. A second spur of Route 4 was assigned Route S4A, but two separate spurs of Route 24 both received the Route S24 designation.
While the majority of already-acquired routes were included in the new system, four sections of pre-1927 routes were not. The law authorizing the renumbering indicated that these were to remain, and so the State Highway Commission added a suffix of N to distinguish them from the new routes of the same number:
Route 4N from pre-1927 Route 4, Eatontown to Belmar
Route 5N from pre-1927 Route 5, Morris Plains to Denville
Route 8N from pre-1927 Route 8, Sussex to Unionville, New York
Route 18N from pre-1927 Route 18N, Fort Lee to Alpine
List of new routes
Additions
1929 Amendment
Chapter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%2024 | France 24 ( in French) is a French state-owned international news television network based in Paris. Its channels broadcast in French, English, Arabic and Spanish are aimed at the overseas market.
Based in the Paris suburb of Issy-les-Moulineaux, the service started on 6 December 2006. It is aimed at a worldwide market and is generally broadcast by pay television providers around the world, but additionally, in 2010, France 24 began broadcasting online through its own iPhone and Android apps. It is a provider of live streaming world news which can be viewed via its website, YouTube, and various mobile devices and digital media players. The stated mission of the channels is to "provide a global public service and a common editorial stance".
Since 2008 the channel has been wholly owned by the French government, via its holding company France Médias Monde, having bought out the minority share of the former partners: Groupe TF1 and France Télévisions. The budget is approximately €100 million per year. The current director of France 24 is Vanessa Burggraf.
Programming
France 24 is broadcast on four channels: in French, in English, in Arabic and in Spanish. Their playout is outsourced to Red Bee Media.
France 24's programming is divided more or less equally between news coverage and news magazines or special reports.
Along with 260 journalists of its own, France 24 can call on the resources of the two main French broadcasters (Groupe TF1 and France Télévisions) as well as partners such as AFP and RFI.
In 2016, France 24 started sharing its French language night-time programming with the France-based France Info. According to Marie-Christine Saragosse, president and CEO of France Médias Monde, "part of the value added of this public channel" would be the fact that "[France 24 journalists] will be wide awake while others would be sleeping".
History
Channel inception
The channel was created with the backing of president Jacques Chirac, with the aim of providing a French perspective of the news, which was dominated by English-language media outlets.
First project (1987–1997)
In 1987, then French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac expressed his desire for an international television news channel in French and had requested a report into the activities of current international broadcasts from France (Radio France Internationale, TV5, and to a certain extent Réseau France Outre-Mer) and noted the collective offering was "fragmented, disorganised and ineffective."
With the arrival of François Mitterrand as president in 1981 and the naming of Michel Rocard as Prime Minister in 1988, the government launched a new project, (CFI), a package of programmes aimed at making programmes in French for foreign audiences, particularly in Africa, to be developed in parallel as a television channel.
The First Gulf War of 1990, relayed across the world by CNN International in particular, revealed the power of international news channels and their role in the formatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBLFT-DT | CBLFT-DT (channel 25) is an Ici Radio-Canada Télé station in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, which broadcasts programming to the province's Franco-Ontarian population. It is part of a twinstick with CBC Television flagship CBLT-DT (channel 5). Both stations share studios at the Canadian Broadcasting Centre on Front Street West in downtown Toronto, while CBLFT-DT's transmitter is located atop the CN Tower.
The station provides French-language programming to the Greater Toronto Area and most of Ontario, including the Southwestern, Central and Northeastern regions of the province.
History
CBLFT was originally licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) in 1972 as a standalone station; the station first signed on the air on March 23, 1973. Until CBLFT signed on, CBC O&O CBLT aired French-language programming from Radio-Canada on Sunday mornings. The station originally transmitted from the CBC's Jarvis Street transmitter site, but as with almost all other radio and television stations in Toronto, approval was given by the CRTC to move the transmitter site to the CN Tower on December 14, 1973. Several transmitters in Northern Ontario which were already in operation as rebroadcasters of CBOFT in Ottawa were reassigned to CBLFT's license, and various additional rebroadcasters were added throughout Ontario in the 1970s and 1980s.
In the early 1990s due to budget cutbacks at the CBC, all Radio-Canada transmitters in Ontario (except those in the northwest part of the province, which was served by CBWFT in Winnipeg) were reassigned to the license of CBOFT as rebroadcasters. All of the transmitters that were formerly part of CBLFT's license continued to broadcast a separate local early evening newscast, which was produced in Ottawa, but was only seen in that city via a late night rebroadcast, similar to the split broadcast used at CBC Radio One station CBLA-FM (99.1 FM) for its morning programs.
On April 28, 2010, the CRTC granted a license request by the CBC to relaunch CBLFT as a separate station which would once again produce a distinct local newscast from CBOFT. Most of the network's transmitters in Ontario, except for those in the Ottawa area, were again reassigned to CBLFT's license, and newscast production later returned to Toronto.
Technical information
Subchannel
Analogue-to-digital conversion
CBLFT shut down its analogue signal, over UHF channel 25, on August 31, 2011, the official date on which Canadian television stations in CRTC-designated mandatory markets transitioned from analogue to digital broadcasts. The station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 24 to post-transition (and former analogue) channel 25.
Transmitters in mandatory markets were required to switch to digital or shut down by the transition deadline of August 31, 2011. Radio-Canada requested to temporarily broadcast in analogue in these markets beyond 2011, as programming for Radio-Canada is not produced in these |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20in%20rail%20transport |
Events
January events
January 6 – A computer-controlled Washington Metro train overruns the platform at the Shady Grove station, colliding with a parked train and fatally injuring the operator.
February events
February 4 – The first two British passenger train operating companies begin operation of their service franchises as part of the privatisation of British Rail: South West Trains (part of the Stagecoach Group) and Great Western Trains (Great Western Holdings).
February 9 - 1996 Secaucus train collision: A southbound New Jersey Transit train (Train #1254) bound for Hoboken Terminal collides nearly head-on with a northbound NJ Transit train (Train #1107) heading to Suffern. 3 People are killed.
February 10 – Woodlands Extension of the MRT North South line in Singapore opened, adding six new stations to the current network.
February 16 – 1996 Maryland train collision: A Chicago bound Amtrak train, the Capitol Limited, collides with a MARC commuter train bound for Washington, killing 11 people.
February 19 – Approximately 1,000 passengers are trapped in the Channel Tunnel when two Eurostar trains break down due to electronic failures caused by snow and ice.
February 24 – The three British trainload freight companies, Loadhaul, Mainline Freight and Transrail, are acquired by North & South Railways, a subsidiary of Wisconsin Central, as part of the privatisation of British Rail.
March events
March 4 – Weyauwega, Wisconsin derailment: A Wisconsin Central freight train derails on a broken switch in Weyauwega, Wisconsin. The derailment forces the evacuation of the entire town until March 20 while fire crews work to control the resulting blaze.
March 15 – Amtrak selects the "American Flyer" design developed by Bombardier and Alstom, based on the TGV trains of France, as the design model for its Acela rolling stock.
March 18 – SNCF begins a construction project to renew the track ballast on the Paris-Lyon TGV line; the project is expected to last through 2006.
March 28
Muzha Line of Taipei Mass Rapid Transit, the first rapid transit line of Taiwan, opens.
Freight services between Higashi-Yokoze freight terminal and Shin-Akitsu on the Seibu Ikebukuro Line in Japan are discontinued.
March – Government of Guatemala suspends operation on the entire Ferrocarriles de Guatemala network.
April events
April 14 – The British trainload freight company North & South Railways Ltd becomes EWS.
April 21 – The Jokela rail accident, a derailment in thick fog, kills 4 in Tuusula, Finland.
April 27 – The Tōyō Rapid Railway Line, connecting Nishi-Funabashi and Katsutadai opens in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.
April 28 – Further British train operating companies begin operation of their passenger service franchises as part of the privatisation of British Rail: Gatwick Express and Midland Mainline (both National Express) and Great North Eastern Railway (Sea Containers).
May events
May 4 – Purchase by the Dakota, Minnesota and Eastern Railroad of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKNC-TV | CKNC-TV was a television station in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The station was in operation from 1971 to 2002 as a private affiliate of CBC Television, and then continued until 2012 as a network-owned rebroadcaster of the network's Toronto affiliate CBLT.
History
CKNC was established on October 8, 1971 by J. Conrad Lavigne, the owner of CFCL in Timmins. On the same day, the existing television station in Sudbury, CKSO, switched its affiliation to CTV. A rebroadcaster with the call sign CKNC-TV-1 went to air in Elliot Lake on the same date. That transmitter was sold to the CBC in 1982, although it continued to air CKNC's signal for the remainder of the station's existence.
Until 1980, CICI and CKNC aggressively competed with each other for advertising dollars, leaving both in a precarious financial position due to the Sudbury market's relatively small size. In 1980, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission approved the merger of the two stations, along with their co-owned stations in North Bay and Timmins, into the MCTV twinstick.
In 1990, the MCTV stations were acquired by Baton Broadcasting, which became the sole corporate owner of CTV in 1997.
End of operations
CTV subsequently sold its four CBC affiliates in Northern Ontario, CKNC, CHNB in North Bay, CJIC in Sault Ste. Marie and CFCL in Timmins directly to the CBC in 2002. All four ceased to exist as separate stations on October 27, 2002, becoming rebroadcasters of Toronto's CBLT, with CKNC's call sign changed to CBLT-6. These translators would close on July 31, 2012, due to budget cuts affecting the CBC.
Transmitters
Other notes
CKNC was also the original callsign, in the 1920s and 1930s, of a radio station in Toronto that now uses the callsign CJBC. The CKNC currently belongs to a radio station in Simcoe, Ontario as CKNC-FM.
References
External links
CRTC Decision 2001-457-6, license renewal for all MCTV stations.
KNC
KNC
Television channels and stations established in 1971
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2002
1971 establishments in Ontario
2002 disestablishments in Ontario
KNC-TV |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquila%20Solidarity%20Network | The Maquila Solidarity Network (MSN) based in Toronto describes itself as:
"A Canadian network promoting solidarity with groups in Mexico, Central America, Africa, and Asia organizing in maquiladora factories and export processing zones to improve conditions and win a living wage."
The network is the secretariat of the Ethical Trading Action Group (ETAG) in Canada. ETAG is an advocating coalition of faith, labour, and non-governmental organizations. They advocate to promote government policies, voluntary codes of conduct, and purchasing policies that promote humane labour practices based on accepted international standards.
A policy of the network is to launch campaigns to help achieve their stated goals. Some companies or countries being focused on by MSN for a campaign include:
Nike
Wal-Mart
Nation of Burma
Past campaigns of MSN have focused on the following companies among others:
The Walt Disney Company
The Gap
Hudson's Bay Company
La Senza
Liz Claiborne
Mattel
Woolworth
Gildan Activewear
External links
Official site of the Maquila Solidarity Network
Archives
Brand Responsibility Project Records 2004–2012.0.84 cubic feet (2 boxes) of textual materials plus 83.8 GB of digital files.
Political advocacy groups in Canada
Organizations based in Toronto
1995 establishments in Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal%20map | Normal map may refer to:
Normal mapping in 3D computer graphics
Normal invariants in mathematical surgery theory
Normal matrix in linear algebra
Normal operator in functional analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community%20areas%20in%20Chicago | The city of Chicago is divided into 77 community areas for statistical and planning purposes. Census data and other statistics are tied to the areas, which serve as the basis for a variety of urban planning initiatives on both the local and regional levels. The areas' boundaries do not generally change, allowing comparisons of statistics across time. The areas are distinct from but related to the more numerous neighborhoods of Chicago; an area often corresponds to a neighborhood or encompasses several neighborhoods, but the areas do not always correspond to popular conceptions of the neighborhoods due to a number of factors including historical evolution and choices made by the creators of the areas. , Near North Side is the most populous of the areas with over 105,000 residents, while Burnside is the least populous with just over 2,500. Other geographical divisions of Chicago exist, such as the "sides" created by the branches of the Chicago River, the wards of the Chicago City Council, and the parishes of the Roman Catholic Church.
The Social Science Research Committee at the University of Chicago defined the community areas in the 1920s based on neighborhoods or groups of related neighborhoods within the city. In this effort it was led by sociologists Robert E. Park and Ernest Burgess, who believed that physical contingencies created areas that would inevitably form a common identity. Except for the addition of two areas (O'Hare from land annexed by the city in 1956 and Edgewater's separation from Uptown in 1980) and expansions due to minor annexations, the areas' boundaries have never been revised to reflect change but instead have been kept stable. The areas have become a part of the culture of Chicago, contributing to its perception as a "city of neighborhoods" and breaking it down into smaller regions for easier analysis and local planning. Nevertheless, Park's and Burgess's ideas on the inevitability of physically related areas forming a common bond have been questioned, and the unchanging nature of the areas has at times been considered problematic with major subsequent changes in the urban landscape such as the construction of expressways.
History
During the 19th century wards were used by the Census Bureau for data at the level below cities. This was problematic as wards were political subdivisions and thus changed after each census, limiting their utility for comparisons over time. Census tracts were first used in Chicago in the 1910 Census. However, by the 1920s the Social Science Research Committee at the University of Chicago wanted divisions that were more natural and manageable than the arbitrarily-designated and numerous census tracts. The sociologist Robert E. Park led this charge, considering physical barriers such as railroads and the Chicago River to form distinctive and consistent areas within the city, which he deemed "natural" areas that would eventually merge into a distinctive identity. Ernest Burgess, a colleague of P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Derbyshire | John Derbyshire (born 3 June 1945) is a British-born American white supremacist political commentator, writer, journalist and computer programmer. He was noted for being one of the last paleoconservatives in the National Review, until he was fired in 2012 for writing an article for Taki's Magazine that was widely viewed as racist. Since 2012 he has written for white nationalist website VDARE.
In the article that caused his firing, Derbyshire suggested that white and Asian parents should talk to their children about the threats posed to their safety by black people. He also recommended that parents tell their children not to live in predominantly black communities. He included the line "If planning a trip to a beach or amusement park at some date, find out whether it is likely to be swamped with blacks on that date."
He has also written for the New English Review. His columns cover political-cultural topics, including immigration, China, history, mathematics, and race. Derbyshire's 1996 novel Seeing Calvin Coolidge in a Dream was a New York Times "Notable Book of the Year". His 2004 non-fiction book Prime Obsession won the Mathematical Association of America's inaugural Euler Book Prize. A political book, We Are Doomed: Reclaiming Conservative Pessimism, was released in September 2009.
Early life
Derbyshire attended the Northampton School for Boys and graduated from University College London, of the University of London, where he studied mathematics. Before turning to writing full-time, he worked on Wall Street as a computer programmer.
Career
National Review
Derbyshire worked as a writer at National Review until he was terminated in 2012 because of an article published in Taki's Magazine that was widely perceived as racist.
Derbyshire began writing for the far-right website VDARE in May 2012. In his first column for the website, Derbyshire wrote "White supremacy, in the sense of a society in which key decisions are made by white Europeans, is one of the better arrangements History has come up with."
Mathematics
Derbyshire's book Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics was first published in hardcover in 2003 and then paperback in 2004. It focuses on the Riemann hypothesis, one of the Millennium Problems. The book is aimed, as Derbyshire puts it in his prologue, "at the intelligent and curious but nonmathematical reader ..."
Prime Obsession explores such topics as complex numbers, field theory, the prime number theorem, the zeta function, the harmonic series, and others. The biographical sections give relevant information about the lives of mathematicians who worked in these areas, including Euler, Gauss, Lejeune Dirichlet, Lobachevsky, Chebyshev, Vallée-Poussin, Hadamard, as well as Riemann himself.
In 2006, Joseph Henry Press published another Derbyshire book of popular mathematics: Unknown Quantity: A Real And Imaginary History of Algebra.
Role in Way of the Dragon
Derbyshire had an uncre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%2C%20%28Annoyed%20Grunt%29-Bot | "I, (Annoyed Grunt)-Bot", also known as "I, D'oh-Bot", is the ninth episode of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on January 11, 2004. This episode represents a milestone in the history of the series as Snowball II is killed off, which, excluding the death of Homer's mother in Season 19's "Mona Leaves-a", is the closest thing to an actual Simpson family member actually being killed off as of Season 34.
The primary plot is based on Richard Matheson's short story "Steel".
Plot
Bart is taunted by school bullies Nelson, Jimbo, Dolph and Kearney because he does not have a 10-speed bike as they do. In order to get Homer to buy him one, Bart places his current bike so that it is run over and destroyed by Dr. Hibbert. Homer buys the 10-speed for Bart, but refuses to pay the small assembly fee and builds it himself. Bart is happy since it looks great and works perfectly at first, but it falls apart when he moons the bullies. Homer, wanting Bart to be proud of him, tries to build a battle robot for the show Robot Rumble. He fails to construct one, and instead assumes the identity of one, which Bart names "Chief Knock-a Homer". Unaware of Homer's ruse, Bart enters the robot in the Rumble.
Meanwhile, Dr. Hibbert's car runs over and kills the Simpsons' cat Snowball II, shortly after crushing Bart's bike. A devastated Lisa recites a poem tearfully at the funeral, where Snowball II is buried next to Snowball I. Lisa adopts a ginger cat, which she names Snowball III, but he drowns in the fish tank. The next cat, Coltrane (Snowball IV), jumps out of a window after hearing Lisa play her saxophone. The owner of the cat sanctuary refuses to give Lisa any more cats, but the Crazy Cat Lady wanders past and throws a cat at Lisa that strongly resembles Snowball II. Although Lisa tries to shoo it off, worried that it will meet the same fate as the others, it survives a near miss on the street when Gil Gunderson it swerves to avoid hitting it while driving and crashes into a tree. Lisa decides to keep the cat, officially naming it Snowball V; however, the family will call it Snowball II in order to maintain the status quo. Principal Skinner comments disparagingly on the choice, but relents when Lisa points out that the same had previously been done for him.
Homer defeats numerous opponents and makes it to the finals, despite being injured from the battles with the other robots. In the final match against Professor Frink's undefeated super-robot, an ED-209 look-a-like, Bart finds Homer in the bot after the grueling first round. Caught, Homer apologizes to Bart, but Bart is impressed because of all the pain Homer went through to win his son's admiration. In the second round, ED-209 squeezes Homer out of the robot, but immediately stops as soon as it sees him. Frink explains that the robot follows Isaac Asimov's Three Laws of Robotics and has been programmed to serve hu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20algorithm | The intersection algorithm is an agreement algorithm used to select sources for estimating accurate time from a number of noisy time sources. It forms part of the modern Network Time Protocol. It is a modified form of Marzullo's algorithm.
While Marzullo's algorithm will return the smallest interval consistent with the largest number of sources, the returned interval does not necessarily include the center point (calculated offset) of all the sources in the intersection. The intersection algorithm returns an interval that includes that returned by Marzullo's algorithm but may be larger since it will include the center points. This larger interval allows using additional statistical data to select a point within the interval, reducing the jitter in repeated execution.
Method
Given M intervals of the form c ± r (which means [c−r,c+r]), the algorithm seeks to find an interval with M−f sources. The value f is referred to as the number of falsetickers, those sources which are in error (the actual value is outside the confidence band). The best estimate is that which assumes the fewest falsetickers, f. The results will be considered valid if f < M/2, otherwise the algorithm will return failure instead of an interval.
The intersection algorithm begins by creating a table of tuples <offset, type>. For each interval there are three entries: the lower endpoint, the midpoint and the upper endpoint, labelled with types −1, 0 and +1 respectively. Thus the interval c ± r results in the entries <c−r,−1>, <c,0> and <c+r,+1>. These entries are then sorted by offset.
Variables: This algorithm uses f as number of false tickers, endcount and midcount are integers. Lower and upper are values of offsets.
[initialize best f] Start with f=0, assuming all input intervals are valid. Each time no interval is found f will be incremented until either an interval is found or f ≥ M/2.
[initialize] endcount=0 and midcount=0.
[find lower endpoint] Start at beginning of the list (lowest offset) consider each tuple in order. endcount = endcount−type. If endcount ≥ M−f then lower = offset and goto step 3 because the (possible) lower endpoint has been found. If the type = 0 then midcount = midcount+1. Repeat with next tuple. If reach end of list then goto step 6.
[tentative lower endpoint found, initialize to find upper endpoint] set endcount=0.
[determine number of midpoints] Start from end of list and work towards lower offsets. endcount = endcount+type. If endcount ≥ M−f then upper = offset, goto step 5. If type = 0 then midcount = midcount+1. Repeat for next tuple. If reach end of list then goto step 6.
if lower ≤ upper and midcount ≤ f then return interval [lowerendpoint, upperendpoint] as resulting confidence interval.
[increment number of falsetickers] f = f+1. If f ≥ M/2 then terminate and return FAILED, otherwise goto step 1.
References
Agreement algorithms |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCC | SCC may refer to:
Companies
Secure Computing Corporation
SCC (Specialist Computer Centres), British-based IT consulting company
Southern Copper Corporation, a mining company operating in Central and South America
Computing
Scenarist Closed captioning file
Small, Cheap Computer, a small, subnotebook computer
Source Control Plug-in API, also known as SCC API or Microsoft Source Code Control Interface (MSSCCI)
Serial Communication Controller
Single-chip Cloud Computer, Intel's 48-core research chip
Strongly connected component in graph theory
Conferences
Suncoast Conference
South Central Conference (disambiguation)
South Coast Conference (disambiguation)
Southern Comfort Conference, an annual transgender conference
Medicine
Sickle cell crisis, an episode of pain in sickle-cell disease
Short-course chemotherapy, chemotherapy of short duration
Small-cell carcinoma, a form of cancer that most commonly arises in the lung
Somatic cell count, a count of cells, usually to detect mastitis and thus to assess milk quality
Squamous-cell carcinoma, a form of cancer in squamous epithelial cells
Spinal cord compression, undue compressive force on the spinal cord
SCCmec, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec
Subgenual cingulate cortex, that is, Brodmann area 25, a part of the brain in primates
Superior semicircular canal, one of three semicircular canals in the vestibular system, within the inner ear
Succinylcholine
Military
Somaliland Camel Corps, British Army unit
Organisations
Special Criminal Court, Ireland
Sea Cadets, UK
Sierra Club Canada
Singapore Cricket Club
Singapore Cruise Centre
Society of Cosmetic Chemists, US
Standards Council of Canada
Swiss Cancer Centre, in Lausanne
Students for Concealed Carry (of firearms), US
Society of Cannabis Clinicians
Society of Cosmetic Chemists
Politics and government
United Kingdom
Scottish Constitutional Convention
Sheffield City Council, England
Shropshire County Council, England
Somerset County Council, England
Southampton City Council, England
Staffordshire County Council, England
Suffolk County Council, England
Surrey County Council, England
Swansea City Council, Wales
Other
State Corporation Commission (Virginia), American regulatory agency
Supreme Court of Canada, highest and final court of appeal in Canada
Santa Clara County, California, a county government in California
Schools and colleges
Sacramento City College, in Sacramento, California, United States
Saint Columban College, in Pagadian City, Philippines
Salem Community College, in Carneys Point, New Jersey, United States
Sampson Community College, in Clinton, North Carolina, United States
Sandhills Community College, in Pinehurst, North Carolina, United States
Santiago Canyon College, in Orange, California, United States
Scottish Church College, an undergraduate college in Kolkata, India
Scottsdale Community College, in Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
Seminole Community College, in Sanfo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Facility%20for%20Linux | The Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL) is an IBM mainframe and Power Systems processor dedicated to running the Linux operating system. On IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE machines, IFLs can be used with or without hypervisors such as z/VM and KVM. IFLs are one of three most common types of "specialty" IBM mainframe processors that give software vendors (and their customers) more granular control over software licensing and maintenance costs. (The other most common specialty processors are and ICFs). Microcode restricts IFLs to Linux workload by omitting some processor instructions not used by the Linux kernel (that other operating systems use), but the underlying processors are physically identical to general purpose processors (CPs). When IBM adds features and performance improvements to its mainframes' general purpose main processors (which can also run Linux), those features and improvements nearly always apply equally to IFLs. In fact, in recent IBM Z machines IFLs support simultaneous multithreading, a feature not available for general purpose processors.
IBM announced IFLs on August 1, 2000, and started shipping them on September 29, 2000. At the same time, IBM introduced a special Linux-only, VM-like product called the S/390 Virtual Image Facility for Linux to cater to IT staff previously unfamiliar with IBM mainframes. IBM soon discovered that z/VM was not too difficult for new IT staff to learn (and worked better), so IBM withdrew S/390 Virtual Image Facility for Linux from marketing on April 30, 2002.
Customers could purchase IFLs for all IBM mainframes as far back as the G5 series and can purchase IFLs for all recent IBM Z and LinuxONE machine models. IFLs also support select IBM software appliances such as the IBM Db2 Analytics Accelerator, zAware, and z/VSE Network Appliance, and they also supported the Z port of the now abandoned OpenSolaris operating system. Fujitsu and Hitachi also offered IFLs on certain models of their machines.
On Power Systems IFLs are also specially priced for both the processors and many software products.
See also
Linux on IBM Z
External links
IBM IFL
Power IFL
References
IBM mainframe technology
Server hardware |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VM | z/VM is the current version in IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems. z/VM was first released in October 2000 and remains in active use and development . It is directly based on technology and concepts dating back to the 1960s, with IBM's CP/CMS on the IBM System/360-67 (see article History of CP/CMS for historical details). z/VM runs on IBM's IBM Z family of computers. It can be used to support large numbers (thousands) of Linux virtual machines. (See Linux on IBM Z.)
On 16 September 2022, IBM released z/VM Version 7.3 which requires z/Architecture, implemented in IBM's EC12, BC12 and later models.
See also
OpenSolaris for System z
PR/SM
Time-sharing system evolution
z/OS
z/TPF
z/VSE
References
Citations
External links
IBM z/VM Evaluation Edition (free download)
Virtualization software
IBM mainframe operating systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPI | IPI or ipi may refer to:
Science and technology
International Prognostic Index, a medical tool used in oncology to predict the outcome of lymphoma patients
International Protein Index, a database covering information about the proteomes of humans, mice and other animals
Integrated Pulmonary Index, a single value that describes the patient's respiratory status
Inter-processor interrupt, a mechanism used between processors to maintain a sort of synchronization
Intelligent Peripheral Interface, a technology for connecting storage devices to computers
Organizations
Illinois Policy Institute, a libertarian think tank based in Illinois
Image Permanence Institute, an organization dedicated to scientific research in the preservation of recorded information
Imperial Pacific International, a former food manufacturer and gambling holding company
Indian Political Intelligence, the latter name of the former intelligence organisation Indian Political Intelligence Office
Institute for Private Investors, a private membership organization that provides peer-to-peer networking and investor education
Institute of Photogrammetry and GeoInformation, a research institute, part of the consortium of institutes operating under the aegis of Leibniz University situated in Hannover, Germany
International Peace Institute, a research and policy development institution
International Press Institute, a journalism organization
Inter-parliamentary institution, a type of parliamentary assembly
Intellectual Property Institute (United Kingdom), a UK non-profit organization
Irish Planning Institute, a professional body
Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, a Swiss federal agency
People
Ipi (vizier), Ancient Egyptian vizier
Ipi Morea (born 1975), Papua New Guinean cricketer
Faqir of Ipi (born 1897), Pashtun tribal leader from Waziristan
Other uses
Industrial Production Index, an economic indicator
Interested Parties Information, a unique identifying number assigned to each Interested Party in collective rights management
International Payment Instruction a uniform European payment receipt
Inwald Personality Inventory, a personality test
Income protection insurance, an insurance policy paying benefits to policyholders who are unable to work due to illness or accident
Ipili language (ISO 639 code: ipi)
San Luis Airport (Colombia) (IATA code IPI)
See also
Institute for Political and International Studies (IPIS) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrit%20Blaauw | Gerrit Anne "Gerry" Blaauw (July 17, 1924 – March 21, 2018) was a Dutch computer scientist, known as one of the principal designers of the IBM System/360 line of computers, together with Fred Brooks, Gene Amdahl, and others.
Biography
Born in The Hague, Netherlands, Blaauw received his BA from the Delft University of Technology in 1946. In 1947, Blaauw won an exclusive scholarship funded by IBM Chief Executive Officer Thomas J. Watson. After an initial year at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania, Blaauw studied at Harvard University. He received his MA in 1949 and his PhD in 1952 under supervision of Howard Aiken, inventor of the early Mark I computer. At Harvard, he worked on design of the Mark III and Mark IV computers. Blaauw met Fred Brooks while he was working for IBM and visited Harvard, where Fred Brooks was then a graduate student.
After graduation in 1952, Blaauw returned to the Netherlands where he worked at the Mathematical Centre on the second ARRA computer. In 1955 he returned to the United States to work at IBM's Poughkeepsie labs where he worked with Brooks on a number of projects:
He was a designer on the IBM 7030 STRETCH project.
He worked on the ill-fated IBM 8000 series, and in particular designed a paging system for the IBM 8106 in the 1960-1961 period.
He was a key engineer on the IBM System/360 project, announced in 1964. Among other contributions, Blaauw made the successful case for an 8-bit (as opposed to 6-bit) computer architecture.
Blaauw also designed a revolutionary address translation system, the "Blaauw Box", which was removed from the original System/360 design, but was later used in IBM's unsuccessful proposal to MIT's Project MAC. Subsequently, Dynamic Address Translation (DAT) hardware of a somewhat different design was incorporated in the important IBM System/360-67 computer. As implemented on the Model 67, DAT hardware allowed the implementation of some of the first practical paged virtual memory systems – perhaps the first to be commercially successful. The Model 67 was being used in commercial applications by 1968. The earlier Ferranti Atlas Computer was a seminal platform for paging research, but suffered from well-studied performance issues such as thrashing. Virtual memory address translation capabilities similar to those on the S/360-67 were subsequently included in all models of the IBM System/370 computer line that followed.
After leaving IBM, Blaauw became a computer science professor in the Netherlands. He retired in 1989 as professor emeritus with Universiteit Twente. In 1982 he was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1997 he co-authored Computer Architecture: Concepts and Evolution with Brooks.
Blaauw died in Utrecht.
Blaauw was a devout Christian who gave particular attention, especially after retirement, to the relationship of science and faith, a topic he explored in a booklet available in English, Dutch and Spanish.
Selected publications
Blaauw, Ge |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scancode | A scancode (or scan code) is the data that most computer keyboards send to a computer to report which keys have been pressed. A number, or sequence of numbers, is assigned to each key on the keyboard.
Variants
Mapping key positions by row and column requires less complex computer hardware; therefore, in the past, using software or firmware to translate the scancodes to text characters was less expensive than wiring the keyboard by text character. This cost difference is not as profound as it used to be. However, many types of computers still use their traditional scancodes to maintain backward compatibility.
Some keyboard standards include a scancode for each key being pressed and a different one for each key being released. In addition, many keyboard standards (for example, IBM PC compatible standards) allow the keyboard itself to generate "typematic" repeating keys by having the keyboard itself generate the pressed-key scancode repeatedly while the key is held down, with the release scancode sent once when the key is released.
Scancode sets
On some operating systems one may discover a key's downpress scancode by holding the key down while the computer is booting. With luck, the scancode (or some part of it) will be specified in the resulting "stuck key" error message. [Note: On Windows 7 only one byte of the scancode appears.]
PC compatibles
Scancodes on IBM PC compatible computer keyboards are sets of 1 to 3 bytes which are sent by the keyboard. Most character keys have a single byte scancode; keys that perform special functions have 2-byte or 3-byte scancodes, usually beginning with the byte (in hexadecimal) E0, E1, or E2. In addition, a few keys send longer scancodes, effectively emulating a series of keys to make it easier for different types of software to process.
PC keyboards since the PS/2 keyboard support up to three scancode sets. The most commonly encountered are the "XT" ("set 1") scancodes, based on the 83-key keyboard used by the IBM PC XT and earlier. These mostly consist of a single byte; the low 7 bits identify the key, and the most significant bit is clear for a key press or set for a key release. Some additional keys have an E0 (or rarely, E1 or E2) prefix. These were initially assigned so that ignoring the E0 prefix (which is in the key-up range and thus would have no effect on an operating system that did not understand them) would produce reasonable results. For example the numeric keypad's Enter key produces a scancode of E0 1C, which corresponds to the Return key's scancode of 1C.
The IBM 3270 PC introduced its own set of scancodes ("set 3"), with a different key numbering and where a key release is indicated by an F0 prefix. For backward compatibility, the 3270 PC translated these to XT (set 1) scancodes using an add-on card and a BIOS extension. This set is used by Linux by default when it detects a PS/2 keyboard that can properly support scan code set 3.
The IBM PC AT introduced the "AT" ("set |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950%20Atlantic%20hurricane%20season | The 1950 Atlantic hurricane season was the first year in the Atlantic hurricane database (HURDAT) that storms were given names in the Atlantic basin. Names were taken from the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet, with the first named storm being designated "Able", the second "Baker", and so on. It was a very active season with sixteen tropical storms, with eleven of them developing into hurricanes. Six of these hurricanes were intense enough to be classified as major hurricanes—a denomination reserved for storms that attained sustained winds equivalent to a Category 3 or greater on the present-day Saffir–Simpson scale. One storm, the twelfth of the season, was unnamed and was originally excluded from the yearly summary, and three additional storms were discovered in re-analysis. The large quantity of strong storms during the year yielded, prior to modern reanalysis, what was the highest seasonal accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) of the 20th century in the Atlantic basin; 1950 held the seasonal ACE record until broken by the 1995 Atlantic hurricane season. However, later examination by researchers determined that several storms in the 1950 season were weaker than thought, leading to a lower ACE than assessed originally. This season also set the record for the most tropical storms, eight, in the month of October.
The tropical cyclones of the season produced a total of 88 fatalities and $38.5 million in property damage (1950 USD). The first officially named Atlantic hurricane was Hurricane Able, which formed on August 12, brushed the North Carolina coastline, and later moved across Atlantic Canada. The strongest hurricane of the season, Hurricane Dog, reached the equivalent of a Category 4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale and caused extensive damage to the Leeward Islands. Two major hurricanes affected Florida: Easy produced the highest 24-hour rainfall total recorded in the United States, while King struck downtown Miami as a Category 4 hurricane and caused $27.75 million (1950 USD) of damage. The two major landfalls made the 1945–1950 period the only five-year period to feature five major hurricane landfalls in the United States—a record that held until tied in 2000–2005. The last storm of the year, an unnamed tropical storm, dissipated on November 12.
Seasonal summary
The season officially began on June 15 and ended on November 15; these dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the Atlantic basin. This season was the first time that the United States Weather Bureau operated with radar technology to observe hurricanes away from land. Although the season began on June 15, tropical activity typically does not begin before August. The tropics remained tranquil through early August, and the U.S. Weather Bureau noted that the season had been "remarkably quiet". The inactive period ended on August 12, when the first tropical storm developed east of the Lesser Antilles. This storm received the name "A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypervisor | A hypervisor (also known as a virtual machine monitor, VMM, or virtualizer) is a type of computer software, firmware or hardware that creates and runs virtual machines. A computer on which a hypervisor runs one or more virtual machines is called a host machine, and each virtual machine is called a guest machine. The hypervisor presents the guest operating systems with a virtual operating platform and manages the execution of the guest operating systems. Unlike an emulator, the guest executes most instructions on the native hardware. Multiple instances of a variety of operating systems may share the virtualized hardware resources: for example, Linux, Windows, and macOS instances can all run on a single physical x86 machine. This contrasts with operating-system–level virtualization, where all instances (usually called containers) must share a single kernel, though the guest operating systems can differ in user space, such as different Linux distributions with the same kernel.
The term hypervisor is a variant of supervisor, a traditional term for the kernel of an operating system: the hypervisor is the supervisor of the supervisors, with hyper- used as a stronger variant of super-. The term dates to circa 1970; IBM coined it for the 360/65 and later used it for the DIAG handler of CP-67. In the earlier CP/CMS (1967) system, the term Control Program was used instead.
Classification
In his 1973 thesis, "Architectural Principles for Virtual Computer Systems," Robert P. Goldberg classified two types of hypervisor:
Type-1, native or bare-metal hypervisors
These hypervisors run directly on the host's hardware to control the hardware and to manage guest operating systems. For this reason, they are sometimes called bare-metal hypervisors. The first hypervisors, which IBM developed in the 1960s, were native hypervisors. These included the test software SIMMON and the CP/CMS operating system, the predecessor of IBM's VM family of virtual machine operating systems.
Type-2 or hosted hypervisors
These hypervisors run on a conventional operating system (OS) just as other computer programs do. A virtual machine monitor runs as a process on the host. Type-2 hypervisors abstract guest operating systems from the host operating system.
The distinction between these two types is not always clear. For instance, KVM and bhyve are kernel modules that effectively convert the host operating system to a type-1 hypervisor. At the same time, since Linux distributions and FreeBSD are still general-purpose operating systems, with applications competing with each other for VM resources, KVM and bhyve can also be categorized as type-2 hypervisors.
Mainframe origins
The first hypervisors providing full virtualization were the test tool SIMMON and the one-off IBM CP-40 research system, which began production use in January 1967 and became the first version of the IBM CP/CMS operating system. CP-40 ran on a S/360-40 modified at the Cambridge Scientific Center to support |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei%C3%9Fkirchen%20radio%20transmitter | The transmitter Weißkirchen was a medium wave broadcasting facility located near Weißkirchen, Oberursel, Germany. It was the most powerful European AM transmitter of the American Forces Network and transmitted on 873 kHz with a power of 150 kilowatts. It started operation in May 1951 on 872 kHz and moved its frequency to 873 kHz in 1978 according to the regulations of Waveplan of Geneva. The transmitter ceased broadcasting on 31 May 2013, and was decommissioned in September 2014. Its aerial consisted of three guyed lattice steel masts built in 1954–55. These masts, each eighty-six metres tall and insulated against ground, were arranged in a row with a distance of 140 metres between each mast. On 23 April 2015 the aerial was dismantled.
As the numbers of American forces stationed in Europe has waxed and waned over the years, in response to developments in politics such as the end of the Cold War, this transmitter remained operational, though its observed signal strength appeared far less able to compete with other Medium-Wave broadcasters compared to reception reports made in the early to mid-1970s. For many European listeners in the 1970s and '80s, its relays of United States domestic networks provided the only American radio receivable in Germany, apart from stations specifically intended for overseas reception, such as the Voice of America.
References
See also
List of masts
Former radio masts and towers
Radio masts and towers in Germany
American Forces Network
Oberursel
Buildings and structures in Hochtaunuskreis
1951 establishments in West Germany
Towers completed in 1951
Buildings and structures demolished in 2015
2015 disestablishments in Germany |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TU%20Wien | TU Wien (), also known as the Vienna University of Technology, is a public research university in Vienna, Austria.
The university's teaching and research are focused on engineering, computer science, and natural sciences. It currently has about 28,100 students (29% women), eight faculties, and about 5,000 staff members (3,800 academics).
History
The institution was founded in 1815 by Emperor Francis I of Austria as the k.k. Polytechnische Institut (Imperial-Royal Polytechnic Institute). The first rector was Johann Joseph von Prechtl. It was renamed the Technische Hochschule (College of Technology) in 1872. When it began granting doctoral and higher degrees in 1975, it was renamed the Technische Universität Wien (Vienna University of Technology).
Academic reputation
As a university of technology, TU Wien covers a wide spectrum of scientific concepts from abstract pure research and the fundamental principles of science to applied technological research and partnership with industry.
TU Wien is ranked #192 by the QS World University Ranking, #406 by the Center of World University Rankings, and it is positioned among the best 401-500 higher education institutions globally by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings. The computer science department has been consistently ranked among the top 100 in the world by the QS World University Ranking and The Times Higher Education World University Rankings respectively.
Organization
TU Wien has eight faculties led by deans: Architecture and Planning, Chemistry, Civil Engineering, Computer Sciences, Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Mathematics and Geoinformation, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, and Physics.
The university is led by the Rector and four Vice Rectors (responsible for Research, Academic Affairs, Finance as well as Human Resources and Gender). The Senate has 26 members. The University Council, consisting of seven members, acts as a supervisory board.
Research
Development work in almost all areas of technology is encouraged by the interaction between basic research and the different fields of engineering sciences at TU Wien. Also, the framework of cooperative projects with other universities, research institutes and business sector partners is established by the research section of TU Wien. TU Wien has sharpened its research profile by defining competence fields and setting up interdisciplinary collaboration centres, and clearer outlines will be developed.
Research focus points of TU Wien are introduced as computational science and engineering, quantum physics and quantum technologies, materials and matter, information and communication technology and energy and environment.
The EU Research Support (EURS) provides services at TU Wien and informs both researchers and administrative staff in preparing and carrying out EU research projects.
Notable faculty and alumni
Adolph Giesl-Gieslingen (1903–1992), Austrian locomotive designer and engineer
Alex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teredo%20tunneling | In computer networking, Teredo is a transition technology that gives full IPv6 connectivity for IPv6-capable hosts that are on the IPv4 Internet but have no native connection to an IPv6 network. Unlike similar protocols such as 6to4, it can perform its function even from behind network address translation (NAT) devices such as home routers.
Teredo operates using a platform independent tunneling protocol that provides IPv6 (Internet Protocol version 6) connectivity by encapsulating IPv6 datagram packets within IPv4 User Datagram Protocol (UDP) packets. Teredo routes these datagrams on the IPv4 Internet and through NAT devices. Teredo nodes elsewhere on the IPv6 network (called Teredo relays) receive the packets, un-encapsulate them, and pass them on.
Teredo is a temporary measure. In the long term, all IPv6 hosts should use native IPv6 connectivity. Teredo should be disabled when native IPv6 connectivity becomes available. Christian Huitema developed Teredo at Microsoft, and the IETF standardized it as RFC 4380. The Teredo server listens on UDP port 3544.
Purpose
For 6to4, the most common IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling protocol, requires that the tunnel endpoint have a public IPv4 address. However, many hosts currently attach to the IPv4 Internet through one or several NAT devices, usually because of IPv4 address shortage. In such a situation, the only available public IPv4 address is assigned to the NAT device, and the 6to4 tunnel endpoint must be implemented on the NAT device itself. The problem is that many NAT devices currently deployed cannot be upgraded to implement 6to4, for technical or economic reasons.
Teredo alleviates this problem by encapsulating IPv6 packets within UDP/IPv4 datagrams, which most NATs can forward properly. Thus, IPv6-aware hosts behind NATs can serve as Teredo tunnel endpoints even when they don't have a dedicated public IPv4 address. In effect, a host that implements Teredo can gain IPv6 connectivity with no cooperation from the local network environment.
In the long term, all IPv6 hosts should use native IPv6 connectivity. The temporary Teredo protocol includes provisions for a sunset procedure: Teredo implementation should provide a way to stop using Teredo connectivity when IPv6 matures and connectivity becomes available using a less brittle mechanism. As of IETF89, Microsoft plans to deactivate their Teredo servers for Windows clients in the first half of 2014 (exact date TBD), and encourage the deactivation of publicly operated Teredo relays.
Overview
The Teredo protocol performs several functions:
Diagnoses UDP over IPv4 (UDPv4) connectivity and discovers the kind of NAT present (using a simplified replacement to the STUN protocol)
Assigns a globally routable unique IPv6 address to each host using it
Encapsulates IPv6 packets inside UDPv4 datagrams for transmission over an IPv4 network (this includes NAT traversal)
Routes traffic between Teredo hosts and native (or otherwise non-Teredo) IPv6 hosts
Node |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Davis | John Alexander Davis (born October 26, 1961) is an American film director, writer, animator, voice actor and composer known for his work both in stop-motion animation as well as computer animation, live action and live-action/CGI hybrids. Davis is best known for creating Nickelodeon's Jimmy Neutron franchise, which enjoyed popularity in the early to mid 2000s.
Early life
Davis began animating as a child using his parents' 8 mm camera to film action figures in stop motion. His interest in animation began when he watched a stop motion film called Icharus at a film festival. He worked on the stop motion film The Bermuda Triangle in 1981 while still attending Southern Methodist University, where he graduated in 1984.
Career
Soon after his graduation Davis joined the animation company K&H Productions, working with 2-D animator Keith Alcorn. Soon, Davis made the transition from claymation to 2-D animation with Alcorn's help. K&H did production work for commercials, public-access television cable TV animation, and film festivals. K&H Productions declared bankruptcy in early 1987; that same year DNA Productions was founded.
Davis came up with the idea for Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius (originally named Johnny Quasar) sometime during the 1980s and wrote a script titled Runaway Rocketboy (later the name of the second pilot) which was later abandoned. While moving to a new house in the early 1990s he stumbled upon the script and re-worked it as a short film titled Johnny Quasar and presented it in SIGGRAPH where he met Steve Oedekerk and worked on a television series as well as the film.
In 2006, he directed the film The Ant Bully after being approached by Tom Hanks to direct the film. Production on the film made Davis resign from production of Jimmy Neutron in January 2003. He gave his position away as executive in charge of production to Steve Oedekerk. He also directed the film's video game.
Davis was set to direct an upcoming feature film based on Neopets with Warner Bros., together with producer Dylan Sellers and writer Rob Lieber. It was originally set to release on April 20, 2009, but was changed to 2011 and later changed to winter of 2012, before finally being cancelled with no other projects announced.
Nominations
In 2000, Davis was up for an Emmy along with 8 others in the category Outstanding Animated Program (For Programming More Than One Hour) for Olive, the Other Reindeer, but lost to Discovery Channel's Walking with Dinosaurs.
In 2002, Davis was nominated for an Academy Award along with Steve Oedekerk in the category of Best Animated Feature for Jimmy Neutron: Boy Genius.
Filmography
Internet
Astrophotography
Since about 2007, Davis has become a recognized astrophotographer, publishing high-resolution, generally wide-field images in astronomy magazines, and in NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day.
In 2009, Davis largely founded and continues to lead APSIG, the Astrophotography Special Interest Group, associated with the Texas Astronomi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamburg%20S-Bahn | The Hamburg S-Bahn is a suburban commuter railway network in the Hamburg Metropolitan Region. Together, the S-Bahn, the Hamburg U-Bahn, the AKN railway and the regional railway form the backbone of railway public transport in the city and the surrounding area. The network has operated since 1907 as a commuter rail system, under the direction of the state railway, and is a member of the Hamburger Verkehrsverbund (HVV; Hamburg Transport Association). There are six lines, serving 68 stations, on of route. On an average working day the S-Bahn transports about 590,000 passengers; in 2010 about 221 million people used the S-Bahn.
The S-Bahn is the only railway in Germany that uses both 1,200 V DC supplied by a third rail and supplied by overhead lines. Most of the tracks are separated from other rail services. The S-Bahn is operated by S-Bahn Hamburg GmbH, a subsidiary of DB Regio.
Similarly to Berlin but unlike Hanover, the S-Bahn is an important part of public transport within the city due to its dense schedule and good coverage of the metropolitan region. Unlike both Berlin and Hanover, the S-Bahn is of little importance for regional traffic since the network lies mostly within the city, though in 2007 the southwestern S3 line was extended about into the state of Lower Saxony (the Neugraben - Stade portion, which included seven new stations).
History
1906: Opening
On 5 December 1906, under the description , the Prussian Eisenbahndirektion (railway division) of Altona opened with steam trains between Blankenese, Altona (Elbe) and Hamburg.
The Stadt- und Vorortbahn (City and Suburban railway) included the Altona-Blankenese line (Altona-Blankeneser Bahn, opened in 1867), the local tracks of the Hamburg-Altona link line (Verbindungsbahn, opened in 1866) and a new section to Ohlsdorf.
The Verbindungsbahn had been extended from one track to four and level crossings eliminated between 1893 and 1903. The new double-track line adjoining it was completed in the summer of 1906 after an eight-year construction period. It ran alongside the Lübeck–Hamburg line of the Lübeck-Büchen Railway Company as far as Hasselbrook and then on its own tracks as far as the new Ohlsdorf cemetery. A new main cemetery with good transit connections was necessary in part due to the extension of the central railway lines, which had reduced the area of the existing already strained cemeteries near the city's medieval fortifications.
1907/08: First electric operation
The line was electrified with overhead lines supplying 6,600 V alternating current at 25 Hz. The electricity came from a coal-fired power station in Leverkusenstraße in Bahrenfeld, which also provided power to the Altona harbour railway.
The first electric trains ran on 1 October 1907, and from 29 January 1908 the line from Blankenese to Ohlsdorf was served exclusively by electric trains. These dates are considered the birthdates of the S-Bahn.
The basic unit of an AC train consisted of two articulated compa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxos%20%28disambiguation%29 | Paxos or Paxi is a Greek island in the Ionian sea.
Paxos may also refer to:
Paxos (computer science), a family of algorithms
Paxos Trust Company, an American financial institution and technology company
See also
Paxo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofmap | is one of the largest personal computer and consumer electronics retailers in Japan. In 2000, it was the second largest e-commerce company in the country. Bic Camera acquired a majority stake in Sofmap in 2006, and turned it into a wholly owned subsidiary in January 2010. Formerly listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange under the code 2690, Sofmap was delisted on 26 January 2010 after the transaction was completed.
As of 2018, Sofmap has 29 stores in 21 districts, mainly in Tokyo and Akihabara.
History
Sofmap was established by in 1982 as a membership-based software rental business in Shinjuku, followed by branches in Kanda, Akihabara, and Shibuya, as well as franchise stores in Hiyoshi and Kawasaki in the Kanagawa Prefecture. In 1984, Sofmap expanded its business to new and used PC hardware, as well as Nintendo Family Computer and PC software sales. A year later, the software rental business was discontinued after it was declared illegal by the Japanese government.
At the beginning of their hardware sales, Sofmap specialized in "box sales", where it set up shops at small-sized commercial buildings in Akihabara and Osaka/Nipponbashi and sold computers at low prices. In 1986, the company published a free publication titled , which listed computer products and prices. To differentiate themselves from other PC stores, Sofmap introduced their warranty system: five years for new computers and three years for used computers.
In anticipation of the PC boom that started with the release of Windows 95, Sofmap increased its floor space and focused on display sales for new PC users. However, during the mid-1990s, sales declined due to a combination of factors such as falling prices of personal computers, reduced distribution and profitability due to shortened product cycles of used products, and sluggish sales of home video games. In 1997, amidst rumors of the company filing for bankruptcy, Sofmap was purchased by Marubeni.
In 2000, Suzuki retired and was replaced by . The sofmap.com website was also established that year.
In 2005, Marubeni partially transferred its shares of Sofmap to Bic Camera, with Bic owning 61.56% of Sofmap by 2006. On January 29, 2010, Sofmap became a wholly owned subsidiary of Bic Camera. On March 1, 2012, the retail division was split and Sofmap Co., Ltd. was established, and the remaining store real estate management division was merged into Bic Camera. On June 5, 2017, Sofmap's main Akihabara branch was converted into a Bic Camera branch while the rest of the Akihabara branches were rebranded as .
On October 31, 2019, Sofmap acquired anime shop from Bunkyodo Group Holdings.
Stores
Sofmap has stores in the following locations:
Tokyo
Akihabara
Akihabara Station Square Hall
Akiba Digital Building
Animega x Sofmap Amusement Building
Ikebukuro
Bic Camera Outlet x Sofmap Ikebukuro East Exit
Sofmap Re Collection Ikebukuro
Sofmap Re Collection Shimbashi
Sofmap Re Collection Nakano Broadway
Shinjuku
Tachikawa
Bic Camera |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratagnon%20language | Ratagnon (also translated as Latagnon or Datagnon, and Aradigi) is a regional language spoken by the Ratagnon people, an indigenous group from Occidental Mindoro. It is a part of the Bisayan language family and is closely related to other Philippine languages. Its speakers are shifting to Tagalog. In 2000, there were only two to five speakers of the language. However, in 2010 Ethnologue had reported there were 310 new speakers.
Classification
Ratagnon is closely related to the Cuyonon language, a Bisayan language spoken in the Cuyo Archipelago just to the south of Mindoro.
This may be brought about by migrations of Cuyonons to the southern tip of Mindoro, akin to their migrations to mainland Palawan, a very much gradual process. It could be inferred that these migrations happened at an earlier date before the migrations to mainland Palawan started (around the mid- to late 19th century) due to its diversion from the Cuyonon language (Given that Ratagnon descended from an older language spoken in the general area West of Panay, Ratagnon and Cuyonon are classified under Kuyan), whereas the Cuyonon of mainland Palawan, Calamian and that of the Cuyo itself remain the same language with relatively little dialectal difference.
Distribution
According to the Ethnologue, Ratagnon is spoken in the southernmost extreme tip of Mindoro islands, including the municipalities of Magsaysay and Bulalacao.
Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro
Bulalacao, Oriental Mindoro
lists the following locations.
lower Caguray River near Santa Teresa, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro
San Nicolas, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro
Bamban, Magsaysay, Occidental Mindoro
Vocabulary
Barbian (1977) provides lexical and phonological data for Ratagnon.
In contrast to Cuyonon, Ratagnon dropped the schwa sound, instead opting for a u/o sound. It too borrowed lexical terms from the languages of its Mangyan neighbors and to a lesser extent Spanish It is notable in Barbian's Mangyan – English Vocabulary, Ratagnon might have already experienced heavy Tagalization, present in words such as 'heart', in Cuyonon, albeit in Ratagnon, same with Tagalog's . The word 'why', in Cuyonon, is noted as and in Ratagnon, ( + ) being a loan from Tagalog, and , a Hanunuo Ambahan term ( being non-Ambahan), perhaps inferring that is a loan from Ratagnon, as Ambahans have been known to use archaic Hanunuo terms and loans from various languages, one being Ratagnon. This phenomenon is also observed in the Hanunuo traditions of Urukay, perhaps closely related to the Erekay of the Cuyonons, both being a form of Balagtasan. Ratagnon also has terms specific to the lowland river surroundings which are not present in modern Cuyonon, most of which are borrowings from Hanunuo and Buhid, whereas a few are either archaic Cuyonon terms or innovations made within the Ratagnon language. Aside from the aforementioned differences from the Cuyonon language, the two languages are still very much mutually intelligible.
Differenc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratagnon%20people | Ratagnon (also transliterated Datagnon or Latagnon) is one of the eight indigenous groups of Mangyan in the southernmost tip of Occidental Mindoro and the Mindoro Islands along the Sulu Sea. The Ratagnon live in the southernmost part of the municipality of Magsaysay in Occidental Mindoro. Their language is similar to the Visayan Cuyunon language, spoken by the inhabitants of Cuyo Island in Northern Palawan.
The Ratagnon women wear a wrap-around cotton cloth from the waistline to the knees and some of the males still wear the traditional g-string. The women's breast covering is made of woven nito (vine). They also wear accessories made of beads and copper wire. The males wear a jacket with simple embroidery during gala festivities and carry flint, tinder, and other paraphernalia for making fire. Both sexes wear coils of red-dyed rattan at the waistline. Like other Mangyan tribes, they also carry betel chew and its ingredients in bamboo containers. Today only around 310 people speak the Ratagnon language, which is nearly extinct, out of an ethnic population of 2,000 people.
See also
Ratagnon language
References
Ethnic groups in Mindoro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenGL%20ES | OpenGL for Embedded Systems (OpenGL ES or GLES) is a subset of the OpenGL computer graphics rendering application programming interface (API) for rendering 2D and 3D computer graphics such as those used by video games, typically hardware-accelerated using a graphics processing unit (GPU). It is designed for embedded systems like smartphones, tablet computers, video game consoles and PDAs. OpenGL ES is the "most widely deployed 3D graphics API in history".
The API is cross-language and multi-platform. The GLU library and the original GLUT are not available for OpenGL ES, freeglut however, supports it. OpenGL ES is managed by the non-profit technology consortium Khronos Group. Vulkan, a next-generation API from Khronos, is made for simpler high performance drivers for mobile and desktop devices.
Versions
Several versions of the OpenGL ES specification now exist. OpenGL ES 1.0 is drawn up against the OpenGL 1.3 specification, OpenGL ES 1.1 is defined relative to the OpenGL 1.5 specification and OpenGL ES 2.0 is defined relative to the OpenGL 2.0 specification. This means that, for example, an application written for OpenGL ES 1.0 should be easily portable to the desktop OpenGL 1.3; as the OpenGL ES is a stripped-down version of the API, the reverse may or may not be true, depending on the particular features used.
OpenGL ES comes with its own version of shading language (OpenGL ES SL), which is different from OpenGL SL.
Version 1.0 and 1.1 both have common (CM) and common lite (CL) profiles, the difference being that the common lite profile only supports fixed-point instead of floating point data type support, whereas common supports both.
OpenGL ES 1.0
OpenGL ES 1.0 was released publicly July 28, 2003. OpenGL ES 1.0 is based on the original OpenGL 1.3 API, with much functionality removed and a little bit added. One significant difference between OpenGL and OpenGL ES is that OpenGL ES removed the need to bracket OpenGL library calls with glBegin and glEnd. Other significant differences are that the calling semantics for primitive rendering functions were changed in favor of vertex arrays, and fixed-point data types were introduced for vertex coordinates. Attributes were also added to better support the computational abilities of embedded processors, which often lack a floating point unit (FPU). Many other functions and rendering primitives were removed in version 1.0 to produce a lightweight interface, including:
quad and polygon rendering primitives;
texgen, line, and polygon stipple;
polygon mode and antialiased polygon rendering are not supported, although rendering using multisample is still possible (rather than alpha border fragments);
ARB_Image pixel class operations, bitmaps, and 3D textures are not supported;
several of the more technical drawing modes are eliminated, including frontbuffer and accumulation buffer;
bitmap operations for copying pixels individually, evaluators, and user selection operations are not allowed;
di |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kottke | Kottke may refer to:
Leo Kottke - acoustic guitar player
Jason Kottke - blogger
Daniel Kottke - U.S. computer engineer and the first official Apple Computer employee |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose%20computing%20on%20graphics%20processing%20units | General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU, or less often GPGP) is the use of a graphics processing unit (GPU), which typically handles computation only for computer graphics, to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit (CPU). The use of multiple video cards in one computer, or large numbers of graphics chips, further parallelizes the already parallel nature of graphics processing.
Essentially, a GPGPU pipeline is a kind of parallel processing between one or more GPUs and CPUs that analyzes data as if it were in image or other graphic form. While GPUs operate at lower frequencies, they typically have many times the number of cores. Thus, GPUs can process far more pictures and graphical data per second than a traditional CPU. Migrating data into graphical form and then using the GPU to scan and analyze it can create a large speedup.
GPGPU pipelines were developed at the beginning of the 21st century for graphics processing (e.g. for better shaders). These pipelines were found to fit scientific computing needs well, and have since been developed in this direction.
History
In principle, any arbitrary boolean function, including addition, multiplication, and other mathematical functions, can be built up from a functionally complete set of logic operators. In 1987, Conway's Game of Life became one of the first examples of general-purpose computing using an early stream processor called a blitter to invoke a special sequence of logical operations on bit vectors.
General-purpose computing on GPUs became more practical and popular after about 2001, with the advent of both programmable shaders and floating point support on graphics processors. Notably, problems involving matrices and/or vectors especially two-, three-, or four-dimensional vectors were easy to translate to a GPU, which acts with native speed and support on those types. A significant milestone for GPGPU was the year 2003 when two research groups independently discovered GPU-based approaches for the solution of general linear algebra problems on GPUs that ran faster than on CPUs. These early efforts to use GPUs as general-purpose processors required reformulating computational problems in terms of graphics primitives, as supported by the two major APIs for graphics processors, OpenGL and DirectX. This cumbersome translation was obviated by the advent of general-purpose programming languages and APIs such as Sh/RapidMind, Brook and Accelerator.
These were followed by Nvidia's CUDA, which allowed programmers to ignore the underlying graphical concepts in favor of more common high-performance computing concepts. Newer, hardware-vendor-independent offerings include Microsoft's DirectCompute and Apple/Khronos Group's OpenCL. This means that modern GPGPU pipelines can leverage the speed of a GPU without requiring full and explicit conversion of the data to a graphical form.
Mark Harris, the founder of GPGPU.org, coined the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chronicle%20Herald | The Chronicle Herald is a broadsheet newspaper published in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, owned by SaltWire Network of Halifax.
The paper's newsroom staff were locked out of work from January 2016 until August 2017. Herald management continued to publish using strikebreaker labour, and were accused by the union of refusing to bargain in good faith with the intention of union busting.
History
Early years
Founded in 1874 as The Morning Herald, the paper quickly became one of Halifax's main newspapers. The same company also owned the Evening Mail, which was published in the afternoon. Its main competitors were the Chronicle in the morning, and the Star in the afternoon. By 1949 the papers had merged to become The Chronicle-Herald and Mail-Star respectively.
Graham Dennis era
Graham W. Dennis took over as publisher of the newspaper in 1954, at age 26, after the death of his father, senator William Henry Dennis, who in turn had succeeded senator William Dennis in running the paper. He led the newspaper for the next half century. Dennis was proud of the paper's independence and rebuffed numerous offers to buy it. He was known as a humanistic employer interested in the welfare of his employees, stating that his proudest moment was the introduction of a pension plan for Herald staff. He had a reputation as an "old-school media baron" who set up bureaus across Canada and even one in London, England. Dennis considered the paper essential to effecting positive change in Nova Scotia and ensured that it was available across the province.
In 1998 the company began producing a Sunday edition called The Sunday Herald, which ran until April 20, 2013. In 2004 The Chronicle-Herald and Mail-Star were merged to form the single The Chronicle Herald. In January 2004, The Chronicle Herald became the first newspaper in Canada, and one of only several in the world, to operate a WIFAG offset press. This development led to an increased use of colour, and changes in font and styling.
In 2002 the historic Herald headquarters on Argyle Street was listed for sale for $15 million and sold by the Dennis family to the cable TV mogul Charles Keating. Keating died in 2005. In 2007 Argyle Developments Ltd. purchased the property from his estate. The Chronicle Herald moved in 2008 to one of the buildings on the ex-Maritime Life campus in Armdale. The former Herald buildings were demolished and the site was redeveloped as the Nova Centre, which houses the new Halifax Convention Centre.
In October 2008, The Chronicle Herald was named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine.
On February 3, 2009, the paper laid off 24 employees, the first layoffs in the paper's 136-year history. The cuts represented approximately one quarter of its newsroom staff, but it remained the largest newsroom east of Montreal. These cuts impacted the production department where nine employees were laid off. The company stated that these layof |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%20Control%20Block | A File Control Block (FCB) is a file system structure in which the state of an open file is maintained. A FCB is managed by the operating system, but it resides in the memory of the program that uses the file, not in operating system memory. This allows a process to have as many files open at one time as it wants, provided it can spare enough memory for an FCB per file.
The FCB originates from CP/M and is also present in most variants of DOS, though only as a backwards compatibility measure in MS-DOS versions 2.0 and later. A full FCB is 36 bytes long; in early versions of CP/M, it was 33 bytes. This fixed size, which could not be increased without breaking application compatibility, led to the FCB's eventual demise as the standard method of accessing files.
The meanings of several of the fields in the FCB differ between CP/M and DOS, and also depending on what operation is being performed. The following fields have consistent meanings:
The 20-byte-long field starting at offset 0x0C contained fields which (among others) provided further information about the file:
Further values were used by newer versions of DOS until new information could no longer fit in these 20 bytes. Some preceding "negative offset" bytes were squeezed from reserved spaces in CP/M Zero Page and DOS Program Segment Prefix for storing file attributes.
Usage
In CP/M, 86-DOS and PC DOS 1.x/MS-DOS 1.xx, the FCB was the only method of accessing files. Under DOS a few INT 21h subfunctions provided the interface to operate on files using the FCB. When, with MS-DOS 2, preparations were made to support multiple processes or users, use other filesystems than FAT or to share files over networks in the future, FCBs were felt to be too small to handle the extra data required for such features and therefore FCBs were seen as inadequate for various future expansion paths. Also, they didn't provide a field to specify sub-directories. Exposing file system related data to user-space was also seen as a security risk. FCBs were thus superseded by file handles, as used on UNIX and its derivatives. File handles are simply consecutive integer numbers associated with specific open files.
If a program uses the newer file handle API to open a file, the operating system will manage its internal data structure associated with that file in its own memory area. This has the great advantage that these structures can grow in size in later operating system versions without breaking compatibility with application programs; its disadvantage is that, given the rather simplistic memory management of DOS, space for as many of these structures as the most "file-hungry" program is likely to use has to be reserved at boot time and cannot be used for any other purpose while the computer is running. Such memory reservation is done using the FILES= directive in the CONFIG.SYS file. This problem does not occur with FCBs in DOS 1 or in CP/M, since the operating system stores all that it needs to know about an open |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided%20technologies | Computer-aided technologies (CAx) is the use of computer technology to aid in the design, analysis, and manufacture of products.
Advanced CAx tools merge many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning, product
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Computer-aided architectural design (CAAD)
Computer-aided engineering (CAE)
Computer-aided fixture design (CAFD)
Computer-aided innovation (CAI)
Computer-aided industrial design (CAID)
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
Computer-aided process planning (CAPP)
Computer-aided requirements capture (CAR)
Computer-aided rule definition (CARD)
Computer-aided rule execution (CARE)
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE)
Computer-aided automation (CAA)
Computer-assisted surgery (CAS)
Computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS)
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
Component information system (CIS)
Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)
Computer Numerical Controlled (CNC)
Electronic design automation (EDA)
Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
Finite element analysis (FEA)
Knowledge-based engineering (KBE)
Knowledge Lifecylcle Management (KLM)
Manufacturing process management (MPM)
Manufacturing process planning (MPP)
Material requirements planning (MRP)
Manufacturing resource planning (MRP II)
Product data management (PDM)
Product lifecycle management (PLM)
Virtual prototyping
See also
List of CAx companies
References
External links
LearnCAx Online Education in CAx Technologies
Computer-aided engineering
fr:Conception et fabrication assistées par ordinateur
https://cdn.fbsbx.com/v/t59.2708-21/270156618_301929485049554_1684136057014570071_n.pdf/164077795716263.pdf?_nc_cat=108&ccb=1-5&_nc_sid=0cab14&_nc_ohc=RCd5CoR98p8AX8DvPo0&_nc_ht=cdn.fbsbx.com&oh=03_AVJ2seIi3yJCB0HN0Okij7pF615zXtD394f5pFH2_MIcJQ&oe=61CE3CEB&dl=1 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wily%20%28text%20editor%29 | Wily is a text editor created by Gary Capell for the X Window System. It is based on Acme, the mouse-centric editing environment for the Plan 9 operating system.
Wily is one of the few editors that supports mouse chording. Unlike Acme, it does not support mouse scrolls and its interface is black and white. Development and usage of Wily has been deprecated in favour of the port of Acme to Unix systems as part of Plan 9 from User Space.
See also
Whiley
Wile E. Coyote and Road Runner, cartoon characters, the first of whose names sounds similar to "Wily"
Wiley (disambiguation)
Willey (disambiguation)
Wily (disambiguation)
Wyle (disambiguation)
Wylie (disambiguation)
Wyllie
Wyly
Wylye (disambiguation)
External links
Wily Homepage
Comparison with other editors in The Art of Unix Programming
Gary Capell
Unix text editors
X Window programs
Software using the BSD license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2010303-21 | STEP-file is a widely used data exchange form of STEP. ISO 10303 can represent 3D objects in computer-aided design (CAD) and related information. Due to its ASCII structure, a STEP-file is easy to read, with typically one instance per line. The format of a STEP-file is defined in ISO 10303-21 Clear Text Encoding of the Exchange Structure.
ISO 10303-21 defines the encoding mechanism for representing data conforming to a particular schema in the EXPRESS data modeling language specified in ISO 10303-11. A STEP-File is also called p21-File and STEP Physical File. The file extensions .stp and .step indicate that the file contains data conforming to STEP application protocols while the extension .p21 should be used for all other purposes.
The use of ISO 10303-21 is not limited to STEP. The Industry Foundation Classes and earlier CIMSteel Integration Standard (CIS/2) define an EXPRESS schema for building information modeling data and specify ISO 10303-21 as an exchange encoding.
History
Some details to take note of:
The first edition, ISO 10303-21:1994, had some bugs, which were corrected by a Technical Corrigendum. Therefore, it is recommended that users study the second edition instead (see below).
The second edition, ISO 10303-21:2002, included the corrigendum and extensions for several data sections.
The third edition, ISO 10303-21:2016, added anchor, reference and signature sections to support external references, support for compressed exchange structures in a ZIP-based archive, digital signatures, and UTF-8 character encoding.
Part 21 defined two conformance classes. They differ only in how to encode complex entity instances.
Conformance class 1 is always used enforce the so-called internal mapping, which is more compact.
Conformance class 2, which is not used in practice, always enforces the external mapping. In theory this would allow better AP interoperability, since a post-processor may know how to handle some supertypes, but may not know the specified subtypes.
The 1st edition of part 21 enforces the use of so-called short names, which are optional in the 2nd edition. In practice, however, short names are rarely used.
The 2nd edition allows multiple data sections to be used. In practice, however, most implementations only use a single data section (1st edition encoding).
ISO 10303-21 building blocks
Example
A typical example looks like this:
ISO-10303-21;
HEADER;
FILE_DESCRIPTION(
/* description */ ('A minimal AP214 example with a single part'),
/* implementation_level */ '2;1');
FILE_NAME(
/* name */ 'demo',
/* time_stamp */ '2003-12-27T11:57:53',
/* author */ ('Lothar Klein'),
/* organization */ ('LKSoft'),
/* preprocessor_version */ ' ',
/* originating_system */ 'IDA-STEP',
/* authorization */ ' ');
FILE_SCHEMA (('AUTOMOTIVE_DESIGN { 1 0 10303 214 2 1 1}'));
ENDSEC;
DATA;
#10=ORGANIZATION('O0001','LKSoft','company');
#11=PRODUCT_DEFINITION_CONTEXT('part definition',#12,'manufacturing');
#12=APPLICATION_CONTEXT('mechanical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MuMATH | muMATH is a computer algebra system (CAS), which was developed in the late 1970s and early eighties by Albert D. Rich and David Stoutemyer of Soft Warehouse in Honolulu, Hawaii. It was implemented in the muSIMP programming language which was built on top of a LISP dialect called . Platforms supported were CP/M and TRS-DOS (since muMATH-79), Apple II (since muMATH-80) and DOS (in muMATH-83, the last version, which was published by Microsoft).
The Soft Warehouse later developed Derive, another computer algebra system. The company was purchased by Texas Instruments in 1999, and development of Derive ended in 2006.
Literature
David D. Shochat, A Symbolic Mathematics System, Creative Computing, Oct. 1982, p. 26
Gregg Williams, The muSIMP/muMATH-79 Symbolic Math system, a Review, BYTE, Nov. 1980, p. 324
Stuart Edwards, A Computer-Algebra-Based Calculating System, BYTE 12/1983, pp- 481-494 (Describes a calculator application of muSIMP / muMATH doing automatic unit conversion.)
Computer algebra systems
CP/M software
Discontinued software
Lisp (programming language) software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federated%20database%20system | A federated database system (FDBS) is a type of meta-database management system (DBMS), which transparently maps multiple autonomous database systems into a single federated database. The constituent databases are interconnected via a computer network and may be geographically decentralized. Since the constituent database systems remain autonomous, a federated database system is a contrastable alternative to the (sometimes daunting) task of merging several disparate databases. A federated database, or virtual database, is a composite of all constituent databases in a federated database system. There is no actual data integration in the constituent disparate databases as a result of data federation.
Through data abstraction, federated database systems can provide a uniform user interface, enabling users and clients to store and retrieve data from multiple noncontiguous databases with a single query—even if the constituent databases are heterogeneous. To this end, a federated database system must be able to decompose the query into subqueries for submission to the relevant constituent DBMSs, after which the system must composite the result sets of the subqueries. Because various database management systems employ different query languages, federated database systems can apply wrappers to the subqueries to translate them into the appropriate query languages.
Definition
McLeod and Heimbigner were among the first to define a federated database system in the mid-1980s.
A FDBS is one which "define[s] the architecture and interconnect[s] databases that minimize central authority yet support partial sharing and coordination among database systems". This description might not accurately reflect the McLeod/Heimbigner definition of a federated database. Rather, this description fits what McLeod/Heimbigner called a composite database. McLeod/Heimbigner's federated database is a collection of autonomous components that make their data available to other members of the federation through the publication of an export schema and access operations; there is no unified, central schema that encompasses the information available from the members of the federation.
Among other surveys, practitioners define a Federated Database as a collection of cooperating component systems which are autonomous and are possibly heterogeneous.
The three important components of an FDBS are autonomy, heterogeneity and distribution. Another dimension which has also been considered is the Networking Environment Computer Network, e.g., many DBSs over a LAN or many DBSs over a WAN update related functions of participating DBSs (e.g., no updates, nonatomic transitions, atomic updates).
FDBS architecture
A DBMS can be classified as either centralized or distributed. A centralized system manages a single database while distributed manages multiple databases. A component DBS in a DBMS may be centralized or distributed. A multiple DBS (MDBS) can be classified into two types depending |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derive%20%28computer%20algebra%20system%29 | Derive was a computer algebra system, developed as a successor to muMATH by the Soft Warehouse in Honolulu, Hawaii, now owned by Texas Instruments. Derive was implemented in , also by Soft Warehouse. The first release was in 1988 for DOS. It was discontinued on June 29, 2007, in favor of the TI-Nspire CAS. The final version is Derive 6.1 for Windows.
Since Derive required comparably little memory, it was suitable for use on older and smaller machines. It was available for the DOS and Windows platforms and was used also in TI pocket calculators.
Books
Jerry Glynn, Exploring Math from Algebra to Calculus with Derive, A Mathematical Assistant, Mathware Inc, 1992,
Leon Magiera, General Physics Problem Solving With Cas Derive, Nova Science Pub Inc 2001,
Vladimir Dyakonov. Handbook on application system Derive. Moscow (Russia) 1996, Phismatlit, 320 p,
Vladimir Dyakonov. Computers algebra systems Derive. Moscow (Russia) 2002, SOLON-R, 320 p,
See also
List of computer algebra systems
External links
Derive Review at scientific-computing.com
Derive Newsletter from the International Derive Users Group
1988 software
Computer algebra systems
Discontinued software
Lisp (programming language) software
Science software for Windows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grail%20%28web%20browser%29 | Grail was a free extensible multi-platform web browser written in the Python programming language. The project was started in August 1995, with its first public release in November of that year. The last official release was version 0.6 in 1999.
One of the major distinguishing features of Grail was the ability to run client-side Python code, in much the same way as mainstream browsers run client-side JavaScript code.
The name Grail is thought to be a tribute to Monty Python and the Holy Grail, a film by the British comedy group Monty Python. The name follows a similar suit to that of Python's─the programming language was too named after Monty Python.
References
External links
1995 software
Free software programmed in Python
Free web browsers
Macintosh web browsers
POSIX web browsers
Windows web browsers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myspace | Myspace (formerly stylized as MySpace) is a social networking service based in the United States. Launched on August 1, 2003, the site was the first social network to reach a global audience and had a significant influence on technology, pop culture and music. The site played a critical role in the early growth of companies like YouTube and created a developer platform that launched the successes of Zynga, RockYou and Photobucket, among others. From 2005 to 2009, Myspace was the largest social networking site in the world.
In July 2005, Myspace was acquired by News Corporation for $580 million and, in June 2006, it surpassed Yahoo! and Google to become the most visited website in the United States. It generated $800 million in revenue during the 2008 fiscal year. At its peak in April 2008, Myspace and Facebook reached 115 million monthly visitors, but Myspace narrowly lost to the newly emerging Facebook in terms of global users. In May 2009, Facebook surpassed Myspace in its number of unique U.S. visitors. Since then, the number of Myspace users has declined steadily despite several redesigns. By 2019, the site's monthly visitors had dropped to seven million.
In June 2009, Myspace employed approximately 1,600 employees. In June 2011, Specific Media Group and Justin Timberlake jointly purchased the company for approximately $35 million. On February 11, 2016, it was announced that Myspace and its parent company had been purchased by Time Inc. for $87 million. Time Inc. was in turn purchased by Meredith Corporation on January 31, 2018. On November 4, 2019, Meredith spun off Myspace and its original holding company (Viant Technology Holding Inc.) and sold it to Viant Technology LLC.
History
2003–2005: Beginnings and rise
In August 2003, several eUniverse employees with Friendster accounts saw potential in its social networking features. The group decided to mimic the more popular features of the website. Within 10 days, the first version of MySpace was ready for launch, implemented using ColdFusion. A complete infrastructure of finance, human resources, technical expertise, bandwidth, and server capacity was available for the site. The project was overseen by Brad Greenspan (eUniverse's founder, chairman and CEO), who managed Chris DeWolfe (MySpace's starting CEO), Josh Berman, Tom Anderson (MySpace's starting president), and a team of programmers and resources provided by eUniverse. It was during this early period in June 2003, just prior to the birth of MySpace, that Jeffrey Edell was brought on as chairman of parent company Intermix Media.
The first MySpace users were eUniverse employees. The company held contests to see who could sign up the most users. eUniverse used its 20 million users and e-mail subscribers to breathe life into MySpace and move it to the head of the pack of social networking websites. A key architect was tech expert Toan Nguyen, who helped stabilize the platform when Greenspan asked him to join the team. Co-founder and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore%20900 | The Commodore 900 (also known as the C900, Z-8000, and Z-Machine) was a prototype microcomputer originally intended for business computing and, later, as an affordable UNIX workstation. It was to replace the aging PET/CBM families of personal computers that had found success in Europe as business machines. The project was initiated in 1983 by Commodore systems engineers Frank Hughes, Robert Russell, and Shiraz Shivji.
In early 1983, Commodore announced an agreement with Zilog to adopt the Z8000 family of processors for its next generation of computers, conferring rights to Commodore to manufacture these processors and for Zilog to manufacture various Commodore-designed integrated circuit products. Zilog was to manufacture components for Commodore's computers, allowing Commodore to expand its own semiconductor operation. Commodore had reportedly been developing its own 16-bit microprocessor, abandoning this effort to adopt the Z8000.
Design
The C900 was a 16-bit computer based on the segmented version of the Zilog Z8000 CPU. Initial announcements indicated the use of a 10 MHz Z8001 processor, but earlier technical documentation suggested the use of a 6 MHz part and detailed the option of a Z8070 arithmetic processing unit (APU) running at 24 MHz. The specification as announced in 1984 featured 256 KB of RAM and a 10 MB hard drive, but subsequently settled on 512 KB of RAM and a 20 MB hard drive as the minimum configuration, with 40 MB and 67 MB hard drives offered as options. A minimum configuration system had been expected to provide only 128 KB of RAM and a 320 KB floppy drive, selling for under $1,000.
Two versions of the machine were developed: a workstation with pixel graphics and a multi-user system featuring a text-only display intended to act as a server for a number of connected character-based terminals. For the text-only configuration and for lower-resolution graphical output, the system employed the MOS Technology 8563 video controller, this supporting an colour textual display or a colour graphical display. The high-resolution display option employed 128 KB of dedicated video memory and featured hardware support for blitting operations, this being employed by a graphical environment featuring "multiple overlapping windows".
The C900 ran Coherent, a UNIX-like operating system, claimed in publicity as being "fully compatible with AT&T's Unix System V, version 5.2", although the Coherent system was generally regarded as merely providing a level of compatibility with Version 7 Unix. Some observers found the choice of an earlier form of Unix "surprising" given the availability of more recent versions and of Zilog's commitment among other manufacturers to promote System V as the industry standard for Unix. Onyx Systems, a pioneer of Z8000-based systems running Unix, had previously delivered ports of Version 7 Unix and Unix System III for their computers.
Manufacturing of the system was to commence in 1985 at Commodore Internationa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Media%20Server | Microsoft Media Server (MMS), a Microsoft proprietary network-streaming protocol, serves to transfer unicast data in Windows Media Services (previously called NetShow Services). MMS can be transported via UDP or TCP. The MMS default port is UDP/TCP 1755.
Microsoft deprecated MMS in favor of RTSP (TCP/UDP port 554) in 2003 with the release of the Windows Media Services 9 Series, but continued to support the MMS for some time in the interest of backward compatibility. Support for the protocol was finally dropped in Windows Media Services 2008.
Microsoft still recommends using "mms://" as a "protocol rollover URL". As part of protocol rollover a Windows Media Player version 9, 10, or 11 client opening an "mms://" URL will attempt to connect first with RTSP over UDP and if that fails it will attempt RTSP over TCP. After an RTSP attempt fails, Windows Media Player versions 9 and 10 will attempt MMS over UDP, then MMS over TCP. If using Windows Media Player 11 and an RTSP attempt fails, or if using a previous version of Windows Media Player and MMS fails, a modified version of a HTTP over TCP connection will be attempted. This modified version is referred to by some third parties as MMSH, and by Microsoft as MS-WMSP (Windows Media HTTP Streaming Protocol). The uniform resource identifier (URI) scheme mms has also been proposed to be used for the unrelated Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) protocol.
For several years developers of the SDP Multimedia download-tool reverse engineered the MMS protocol and published unofficial documentation for it. However, Microsoft finally released the protocol specification in February 2008.
See also
Advanced Systems Format
References
External links
Microsoft Media Server Protocol Documentation download
Microsoft Media Server Protocol Documentation on MSDN
Microsoft Media Services 9 Firewall Information
Software that plays MMS content or allows capture to a harddisk such as MPlayer, VLC and MiMMS
Streaming Download Project (SDP) – a free, but closed-source, implementation of the MMS protocol; reverse-engineered protocol documentation also freely available. It lets you download the videos available only for streaming forcing the use of TCP protocol (this can not be done with Windows Media Player).
libmms A free, open source implementation of the MMS protocol.
WMSAuth - Open source media contents authorization plugin.
Sample MMS-Video-Streams.
Application layer protocols
Streaming
Microsoft Windows multimedia technology
Internet Explorer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stingers%20%28TV%20series%29 | Stingers is an Australian police drama television series. It premiered on 29 September 1998, and ran for eight seasons on the Nine Network before it was canceled in late 2004 due to declining ratings, with its final episode airing on 14 December 2004. Inspired by true events, Stingers chronicled the cases of a deep undercover unit of the Victoria Police. The series also followed their personal lives, which sometimes became intertwined with their jobs. The original cast members include Peter Phelps, Joe Petruzzi, Kate Kendall, Ian Stenlake, Anita Hegh, and Jessica Napier. Phelps and Kendall were the only actors to remain with the show for its entire run.
The show received average ratings during its debut season, but after some major changes, including intensive character development, the series became a success the following year. The series has also aired in 65 countries, including Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Overview
Inspired by true events, Stingers chronicled the cases of a deep undercover unit of the Victoria police. The series also followed their personal lives, which sometimes became intertwined with their jobs. The original unit was composed of Senior Detective Peter Church (whose real name was Mike Fischer) played by Peter Phelps, Senior Detective Angie Piper (Kate Kendall), Constable Oscar Stone (whose real name was Cameron Pierce) played by Ian Stenlake, Det-Sgt. Ellen 'Mac' Mackenzie (Anita Hegh) and Det-Sen Sgt. Bernie Rocca (Joe Petruzzi), who led the unit. Rocca was shot and left the unit in season two, and Mac became the new head.
Constable Danni Mayo (Roxane Wilson) joined the unit in season three, while season five saw two casualties: Stone was killed while Mac ran away with a diamond robber. Detective Inspector Luke Harris (Gary Sweet) took over as head of the unit until the end of the series, and Danni quit the force after being enraged by him. Constable Christina Dichiera (Jacinta Stapleton) joined the unit in season six. Her real name is Felicity Matthews, but this was not known to the force, as she had a criminal history under that name. Senior Detective Leo Flynn (Daniel Frederiksen) joined in season seven.
Season eight saw the arrival of Detective Katherine Marks, who was revealed as Harris' daughter from his first marriage. The revelation also ended Harris and Angie's already shaky relationship, which had produced a son.
Characters
Main
Senior Constable Peter Church, played by Peter Phelps
(Detective) Constable Angie Piper, played by Kate Kendall
Det-Sen Sgt. Bernie Rocca, played by Joe Petruzzi (season 1)
Constable Oscar Stone, played by Ian Stenlake (seasons 1–5)
Det-Sen Sgt. (originally Det-Sgt.) Ellen 'Mac' Mackenzie, played by Anita Hegh (seasons 1–5)
Constable Daniella Mayo, played by Roxane Wilson (seasons 3–6)
Detective Inspector Luke Harris, played by Gary Sweet (seasons 6–8)
Constable (originally Probationary Constable) Christina Dichiera, played by Jaci |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STN | STN may refer to:
Broadcasting
Score Television Network, a Canadian specialty channel
Shalimar Television Network, a Pakistani television network
Student Television Network, in the United States
Transport
London Stansted Airport, England
Stanley station (North Dakota), an Amtrak station
Stonehaven railway station, Scotland
Other uses
Owa language
São Tomé and Príncipe dobra currency
Schaghticoke Tribal Nation
Stantec, a Canadian architectural and engineering consulting firm
State transition network
STN International, an information service
Subthalamic nucleus, a subcortical structure in the brain
Super-twisted nematic display, a type of liquid crystal display
Szczecin Scientific Society (), a Polish learned society
See also
Public switched telephone network
Station (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFTM-DT | CFTM-DT (channel 10) is a television station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, serving as the flagship of the French-language TVA network. Owned by Groupe TVA, the station has studios on Boulevard de Maisonneuve East and Rue Alexandre de Sève in the Ville-Marie borough of Montreal, and its transmitter is located on Voie Camillien Houde (near Mount Royal).
History
It opened on February 19, 1961, a few weeks after CFCF-TV went on the air for the first time. It was owned by Joseph Alexandre de Sève and his company, Télé-Métropole. At first it relied primarily on kinescopes from RTL, and also from Télé Monte Carlo, but it wasn't long before it settled into a more peculiar and local form. On April 14, 1963, CFTM started sharing programs with CJPM-TV in Chicoutimi (now Saguenay) in the Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean region on the day the latter station signed on. They were joined by CFCM-TV in Quebec City in 1964. This was the informal beginning of TVA, though the network wasn't officially established until September 12, 1971. When de Sève died in 1968, the city government renamed the street in front of CFTM's studios rue Alexandre de Sève in his honour.
CFTM has always been by far the largest station in the TVA network. As such, it dominated the network long before Télé-Métropole bought majority control of TVA in 1990. At one point, CFTM produced as much as 90 percent of TVA's programming. Even today, TVA's network feed is little more than a retransmission of CFTM. Whenever CFTM has to interrupt its programming for breaking news or weather alerts in Montreal, the entire network usually gets interrupted as well.
CFTM-TV was essentially available on satellite beginning November 1, 1981, as TCTV, carried via Cancom by cable television operators across Canada, though not in most major cities. TCTV carried mainly the same programs as CFTM, but with some local news and programming from other TVA affiliates.
The TCTV service ended when the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) approved TVA for a national network license in 1998. Since May 1, 1999, all Canadian cable companies have been required to carry a TVA station. CFTM is the affiliate carried in most markets outside of Quebec — excepting some markets in Northern Ontario, Eastern Ontario and New Brunswick, which have long carried the stations in adjacent markets. The station also provides a time-shifted feed for cable companies in western Canada, delayed three hours after the original broadcast, matching up with Pacific Time.
Digital television and high definition
CFTM received CRTC approval in March 2006 for its request to broadcast digitally on UHF channel 59 and was granted a requested extension to August 31, 2009, to launch this service but the launch never occurred. On July 6, 2009, as part of a license renewal hearing, TVA was granted a second extension in which to launch CFTM-DT.
During the analogue television shutdown and digital conversion, which took place on August 31, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFJP-DT | CFJP-DT (channel 35) is a television station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, serving as the flagship station of the French-language Noovo network. It is owned and operated by network parent Bell Media alongside CTV outlet CFCF-DT (channel 12). Both stations share studios at the Bell Media building (formerly the Montréal Téléport), at the intersection of Boulevard René-Lévesque Est and Avenue Papineau in downtown Montreal, while CFJP-DT's transmitter is located on Mount Royal.
History
The station was originally owned by the family of Jean Pouliot, then-owner of CFCF-TV. It was acquired by Cogeco in 2001 concurrently with Cogeco's acquisition of the network. It was later acquired by Remstar in June 2008, which had been owned by Cogeco and CTVglobemedia but entered bankruptcy protection in late 2007. The network was renamed V the following year. It was later reorganized into a separate entity named V Media Group, which was still majority-owned by Remstar, with a minority share held by a trust controlled by Remstar's owner, Maxime Rémillard. As an owned-and-operated station of the network, CFJP was part of V's takeover by Bell Media on May 15, 2020.
CFJP formerly had a rebroadcaster in Rimouski, CJPC-TV channel 18, but this switched to being a semi-satellite of CFTF-TV in June 2007.
Digital television and high definition
CFJP launched a high definition simulcast on June 4, 2007, and it's available on Vidéotron and Cogeco cable in Quebec. It signed on over the air on channel 42 from their studio building in Montreal in December 2007. However, through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display CFJP-TV's virtual channel as 35.1. After the analog television shutdown and digital conversion on August 31, 2011, CFJP-TV moved from its pre-transition channel number, 42, to its post-transition and old analog channel number, 35. Because of the placement of the digital broadcast antenna at a low elevation on top of a residential building in Montreal, the coverage area was greatly reduced as compared to its former analog signal, which broadcast from Mount Royal. Many viewers were no longer able to receive CFJP. The station moved its digital transmitter to Mount Royal on April 16, 2013, greatly increasing its coverage area.
References
External links
CFJP at TV Hat
FJP-DT
FJP-DT
Television channels and stations established in 1986
1986 establishments in Quebec |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKMI-DT | CKMI-DT (channel 15) is a television station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, part of the Global Television Network. Owned and operated by network parent Corus Entertainment, the station maintains studios inside the Dominion Square Building in downtown Montreal. Its primary transmitter is located atop Mount Royal, with rebroadcasters in Quebec City and Sherbrooke.
CKMI was established as Quebec City's second station in 1957. Originally a private affiliate of the CBC Television network, It was the only English-language station in the heavily francophone city. It struggled to survive for most of its first four decades, in part because its potential audience was barely large enough to support it. In 1997, it was transformed into a regional Global station for Quebec with additional transmitters, including in Montreal. It moved most of its operations to Montreal that year, though it would nominally remain licensed to Quebec City until 2009. The station's local news broadcasts have typically struggled in the ratings, never advancing beyond a distant second place.
History
MI-5 in Quebec City
The station launched on March 17, 1957, and was the second privately owned station in Quebec. It was licensed to Quebec City and aired an analogue signal on VHF channel 5. CKMI was originally owned by Télévision du Québec, a consortium of cinema chain Famous Players and Quebec City's three privately owned radio stations, CHRC, CKCV and CJQC, along with the province's first private station, CFCM-TV. The station's studios were located alongside CFCM's facilities in Sainte-Foy, then a suburb of Quebec City; CKMI and CFCM shared the same antenna, the first setup of its kind in the world for television. This allowed CKMI to sign on several months sooner than would have been the case under the normal engineering practices of the time and at a fraction of the cost.
Upon signing on, CKMI became Quebec City's CBC Television affiliate, taking all English-language programming from CFCM. Télévision de Québec had applied for an English-language station when a policy change at the CBC the previous year restricted CFCM to programming from CBC's French-language network, Radio-Canada (now Ici Radio-Canada Télé), rather than selecting French- and English-language shows, as it had done since signing on in 1954. CFCM disaffiliated from Radio-Canada in 1964 when the network opened its own station, CBVT, but CKMI remained with CBC. In 1971, CFCM became a charter affiliate of a privately-owned French network, TVA.
Télévision de Québec was nearly forced to sell its stations in 1969 due to the Canadian Radio and Television Commission's (CRTC) new rules requiring radio and television stations to be 80% Canadian-owned. The largest shareholder, Famous Players, was a subsidiary of American film studio Paramount Pictures. The CRTC had additionally denied a 1968 bid to sell CFCM and CKMI to Teltron Communications Ltd. In 1970, the CRTC ordered Télévision de Québec to present a plan for restruct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJNT-DT | CJNT-DT (channel 62) is a television station in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, part of the Citytv network. Owned and operated by network parent Rogers Sports & Media, the station maintains studios inside the Rogers Building at the corner of McGill College Avenue and Cathcart Street near the Place Ville Marie complex in downtown Montreal, and its transmitter is located at Mount Royal Park, near downtown Montreal.
History
The station signed on the air on September 8, 1997, but had its roots in the 1980s as La Télévision Ethnique du Québec (TEQ), a public access ethnic cable channel. It had plans on moving over-the-air as early as the early 1990s, but was dogged by financial problems. Even after it signed on, its finances were in such a state that it never signed on earlier than noon. Part of the problem was that its effective radiated power was only 11 kilowatts, easily the weakest full-power station in Montreal and one of the weakest in North America—roughly on the same level as low-powered UHF stations in the United States. This effectively limited its over-the-air footprint to the Island of Montreal, Jésus Island and a few areas on the mainland; even in those areas, its signal was marginal at best. Most viewers could only get a clear picture on cable.
Many shows that had aired on TEQ for many years did not make the cut for CJNT because they did not meet the standards for commercial broadcasting. However, many of the shows that did make it were of somewhat marginal quality. Its commitment to ethnic groups was questioned, especially late at night when it would frequently show English-language infomercials for a psychic hotline.
WIC and Canwest
Western International Communications bought CJNT in 1999. WIC owned Montreal's CTV affiliate, CFCF-TV (channel 12), but was facing serious competition from Global, which had expanded into Quebec the same year CJNT signed on. WIC figured CJNT would give it much-needed leverage in Montreal. It planned to relaunch CJNT on the model of Canada's first multicultural station, CFMT-TV in Toronto, with 60% ethnic content and 40% American content. However, WIC was only able to buy the shares of CJNT held by Marie Griffiths, as ownership of the rest of the shares was being contested in court. It was not allowed to make changes to CJNT's license without majority ownership, and its plans became moot when Canwest bought WIC's television assets in 2000. Canwest already held controlling interest in Global station CKMI-TV, which was licensed in Quebec City but had activated a rebroadcaster in Montreal and moved the bulk of its operations there. The CRTC forced Canwest to put CFCF up for sale. Well aware that Canwest had bought CKMI to get its programming into Montreal, the CRTC ruled that Montreal's anglophone population was too small to permit a twinstick between CFCF and CKMI (CFCF was eventually sold to CTV). However, Canwest was allowed to keep WIC's interest in CJNT, and bought the remaining shares.
Canwest had CJNT fil |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content%20Addressable%20File%20Store | The Content Addressable File Store (CAFS) was a hardware device developed by International Computers Limited (ICL) that provided a disk storage with built-in search capability. The motivation for the device was the discrepancy between the high speed at which a disk could deliver data, and the much lower speed at which a general-purpose processor could filter the data looking for records that matched a search condition.
Development of CAFS started in ICL's Research and Advanced Development Centre under Gordon Scarrott in the late 1960s following research by George Coulouris and John Evans who had completed a field study at Imperial College and Queen Mary College on database systems and applications (Scarrott, 1995). Their study had revealed the potential for substantial performance improvements in large-scale database applications by the inclusion of search logic in the disk controller.
In its initial form, the search logic was built into the disk head. A standalone CAFS device was installed with a few customers, including BT Directory Enquiries, during the 1970s.
The device was subsequently productised and in 1982 was incorporated as a standard feature within ICL's 2900 series and Series 39 mainframes. By this stage, to reduce costs and to take advantage of increased hardware speeds, the search logic was incorporated into the disk controller. A query expressed in a high-level query language could be compiled into a search specification that was then sent to the disk controller for execution. Initially this capability was integrated into ICL's own Querymaster query language, which worked in conjunction with the IDMS database; subsequently it was integrated into the ICL VME port of the Ingres relational database.
ICL received the Queen's Award for Technological Achievement for CAFS in 1985.
One factor which limited the adoption of CAFS was that the device needed to know the layout of data on disk, and placed constraints on this layout. Integrating database products with CAFS often involved a change in page layout, making the integration very expensive, especially with the market trend towards use of third-party database software. Managing data integrity in a concurrent environment also required close attention, since a CAFS search would execute without any knowledge of locks and caches maintained by the database software.
ICL also produced a version of CAFS for its DRS minicomputer range called SCAFS (Son of CAFS). Unlike its mainframe cousin, this was implemented using custom firmware running on an industry-standard microprocessor. Software supporting third-party databases including Ingres, Informix and Oracle was marketed as the Ingres Search Accelerator (etc.). Each third-party product required modification, and was supplied with a dummy SCAFS interface library, to be replaced by the ICL product. The technology was also licensed to IBM for use with DB2 on the RS/6000. The device eventually became obsolete as processor speeds increased, remo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixx | Mixx was a user-driven social media platform where peers may publish or find material based on their interests and location. It incorporated social networking and bookmarking, as well as online syndication, blogging, and personalization options. The service was sold to Chime.in in December 2011, and it was eventually shut down.
Details
Mixx was a platform that allowed its users to customize their web content by creating a personalized blend of text-based articles, images, and videos. The platform enabled users to search and discover media relevant to their interests and interact with other Mixx users.
Mixx partnered with several online publishing outlets, including CNN.com, USA Today, Reuters, The Los Angeles Times, and The Weather Channel, to expand its reach and provide a diverse range of content to its users.
Functionality
Mixx is a platform that offers its users the ability to create a personalized start page and curate their own unique blend of web-based media.
Users of Mixx can influence the flow of incoming media and recommend relevant media to other users by submitting, commenting on, and voting for or against stories, photos, and videos within specific categories such as business, sports, and health.
The platform employs a democratic voting method that allows users to have a say in the content they see and interact with.
History
Mixx was founded in 2007 by Chris McGill. The holding company was Recommended Reading, Inc. of McLean, Virginia.
In June 2007, Mixx received initial funding from Intersouth Partners of Durham, North Carolina. As of December 6, 2011, Mixx domain redirects to Chime.in. At that time Chime.in provided a similar experience as Mixx.com once did. As of July 30, 2014, Chime.in has since ceased services. Chime.in now recommends the developer's Twitter client applications.
References and notes
External links
archived website
American social networking websites
Defunct social networking services |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EB%20Games | EB Games (formerly known as Electronics Boutique and EB World) is an American computer and video games retailer. First established as an American company in 1977 by James Kim with a single electronics-focused location in the King of Prussia mall near Philadelphia, the company has grown into an international corporation. EB Games's parent corporation, GameStop, has its headquarters in Grapevine, Texas, a suburb of Dallas. When Electronics Boutique was an independent company, its headquarters was in West Goshen Township, Pennsylvania, near West Chester.
The EB Games brand still operates in Australia and New Zealand. GameStop also operates certain stores under the EBX brand.
History
Originally, the operation mainly sold calculators and digital watches. Between 1977 and the mid-1990s, the company expanded to (and later stopped) selling computers, software, and other related items (according to the EB Games employee handbook). Electronics Boutique also operated stores under the name Games 'n Gadgets. The Games 'n Gadgets stores were more centered on entertainment and gaming, rather than business and productivity. In the mid-1990s, the company's focus switched to TV-based video games and consoles, though many stores still maintain PC game sections.
On April 3, 2000, Electronics Boutique made an offer to purchase rivaling business FuncoLand for $110 million, paying $17.50 in cash for each of parent company Funco's shares. CEO Joseph Firestone remarked that his company had been "stalking" FuncoLand for two years, and waited until the stock price was right. On April 5, Funco received an unsolicited $135 million buyout offer from Barnes & Noble subsidiary Babbage's Etc., who offered to pay in either cash or a combination of cash and Barnes & Noble stock. On April 12, Funco gave Electronics Boutique five days to raise its offer before they would accept Barnes & Noble's offer. In response, Electronics Boutique matched Barnes & Noble's offer. On April 26, Barnes & Noble raised its bid to $161.5 million, or $24.75 a share, leaving Electronics Boutique with another five days to respond to the bid. On May 3, Electronics Boutique announced the withdrawal of its bid, and Funco accepted Barnes & Noble's buyout the following day. Electronic Boutique's original definitive agreement with Funco included a breakup fee of $3.5 million, the cost of which was covered by Barnes & Noble.
In May 2000, in order to unify their company, Electronics Boutique changed the vast majority of its current EB and EB Gameworld stores to the name EB Games. They also announced that they would be either closing or selling all of their EB Kids and Brandywine Sports Collectible Stores.
For years EB Games' primary distribution center was in Louisville, Kentucky, with two smaller distribution centers and a World Headquarters all located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. With video games becoming increasingly popular, EB Games decided it was time for a new distribution center. In October 2004, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBBS-PC | RBBS-PC (acronym for Remote Bulletin Board System for the Personal Computer) was a public domain, open-source BBS software program. It was written entirely in BASIC by a large team of people, starting with Russell Lane and then later enhanced by Tom Mack, Ken Goosens and others.
It supported messaging conferences, questionnaires, doors (through the dropfile), and much more.
History
In 1982, Larry Jordan of the Capital PC Users Group started modifying some existing BBS software that had been ported from CP/M by Russell Lane. The first major release of this effort, RBBS-PC CPC09, in May 1983 was written in interpreted BASIC and included the Xmodem file transfer protocol added by Jordan. In June 1983, Jordan turned over maintenance and enhancements to Tom Mack and Ken Goosens. The first release under Mack, version 10.0, was released July 4, 1983. New versions and features were released steadily throughout the rest of the 1980s. The final complete version, 17.4, was released March 22, 1992.
Since version 17.4 at least four other code paths have developed. Some work has been done to unify the code paths and to develop version 18.0. Dan Drinnons CDOR Mods and Mapleleaf versions were further enhanced by beta testers Mike Moore and Bob Manapeli using Ken Goosens LineBled program to manipulate the source code to endless variations of the program.
Philosophy
From the beginning of RBBS-PC's development, the authors of the software had two goals as stated in the RBBS-PC documentation:
To show what could be done with the BASIC language and that "real programmers can/do program in BASIC."
To open a new medium of communication where anyone with a personal computer the ability to communicate freely. This idea was summarized as "Users helping users for free to help the free exchange of information."
References
External links
RBBS-PC files
The BBS Software Directory - RBBS
Bulletin board system software
DOS software
Pre–World Wide Web online services
Computer-related introductions in 1983
Public-domain software with source code |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20Spoken%20at%20Home | Language Spoken at Home is a data set published by the United States Census Bureau on languages in the United States. It is based on a three-part language question asked about all household members who are five years old or older. The first part asks if the person speaks a language other than English at home. If the answer is 'yes,' the respondent is asked what that language is. The third part of the question asks how well the person speaks English ("Very well,' "Well," "not well," "Not at all").
The three-part question was first asked in 1980; It replaced a question about mother tongue. In 2000, the language question appeared on the long-form questionnaire which was distributed to 1 out of 6 households. After the long form census was eliminated (after the 2000 census), the language question was moved to the American Community Survey (ACS). The language questions used by the US Census changed numerous times during 20th century. Changes in the language questions are tied to the changing ideologies of language in addition to changing language policies.
Data published
The published data varies in the amount of detail provided each year.
In 2000 and 1990, language spoken was a part of Summary File 3. For the 2000 census, data was published for 30 languages, chosen for their nationwide distribution, and 10 language groupings (see list below). Data from households which report languages other than the 30 are reported under the language groupings. Thus, languages which are widespread in certain areas of the country but not nationally get put together, even in block level data. Lithuanian, and Welsh are simply "Other Indo-European languages," Yoruba and Swahili are simply "African languages," and Indonesian and Hakka are simply "Other Asian languages." Several locally very well represented languages, such as Punjabi and Pennsylvania German, are collated into smaller groupings. Native North American languages besides Navajo are also collated, though they are reported on several geographic levels in another data set.
For the 2009-2013 ACS data, detailed information was provided on over 300 languages. In addition to the number of speakers reported for each language, the count of speakers whose English speaking ability is less than "very well" is also reported.
Updated information is available via the Census Bureau's American Fact-finder.
Data usage
Statistics on English-speaking ability and language spoken at home are used by the Justice Department in the implementation of the Voting Rights Act and to allocate funds for to schools for programs for English Language Learners. Federal and local governments, as well as non-governmental and private interests also use these statistics.
Languages and language groupings
English
Spanish or Spanish Creole
French (incl. Patois, Cajun)
Nepali
German
Italian
Portuguese or Portuguese Creole
Romanian
Yiddish
Dutch (and Afrikaans) (West Germanic languages)
Scandinavian languages
Greek
Russian
P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tantek%20%C3%87elik | Tantek Çelik is a Turkish-American computer scientist, currently the Web standards lead at Mozilla Corporation. Çelik was previously the chief technologist at Technorati. He worked on microformats and is one of the principal editors of several Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) specifications. He is author of HTML5 Now: A Step-by-Step Video Tutorial for Getting Started Today (Voices That Matter) ().
Career
Çelik gained bachelor's and master's degrees in computer science from Stanford University. He worked at Microsoft from 1997 to 2004, where he helped lead development of the Macintosh version of Internet Explorer. Between 1998 and 2003, he managed a team of software developers that designed and implemented the Tasman rendering engine for Internet Explorer for Mac 5. During his time at Microsoft he also served as their alternate representative (1998–2000) and later their representative (2001–2004) to a number of working groups at the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); he is credited on a number of recommendations relating to XHTML and Cascading Style Sheets due to this work. While working for Microsoft, he also developed the "box model hack" that is used by web designers to work around the Internet Explorer box model bug.
Before working at Microsoft he worked in a variety of software engineer roles at Sun Microsystems, Oracle Corporation and Apple Computer. During his four years at Apple Computer (1992–1996), he spent most of his time on the OpenDoc project, first as a senior software developer and then as a technical lead. In 1996, he left Apple to form a software development and consulting company specialising in OpenDoc development, 6prime, with another OpenDoc technical lead Eric Soldan, however in 1997, Aladdin Systems purchased 6prime's main product REV releasing it as Flashback.
At Technorati, he led the adoption of better standards support (including microformats) throughout the company, including their website's front page. He was also involved with the special Election 2004 section of the website, including writing the initial version. He serves as a founder at the Global Multimedia Protocols Group.
, Çelik began working on IndieWebCamp, an effort to coordinate a community of people to build tools to complement and eventually provide an alternative to social networking services like Twitter and Facebook.
He is the owner of the Twitter account @T.
References
External links
Official website
Apple Inc. employees
Computer programmers
Web developers
Mozilla people
Microsoft employees
American people of Turkish descent
Stanford University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WhatPulse | WhatPulse is a key-counting program that monitors computer uptime, bandwidth usage and the number of keystrokes and mouse clicks made by a user over a period of time. Unlike keyloggers, the authors claim WhatPulse does not record the order in which keys are pressed but instead counts the number of times keys are pressed. As of March 7, 2023, over 380,000+ users are active on WhatPulse.
Features
The software tracks a user's pressed keys, mouse clicks and used bandwidth and the uptime of the system. Periodically, the user can upload to the server the number of keystrokes made; this is called "pulsing". Users can see where they are in a leaderboard of people who have joined the program and compare themselves against people from their own countries. Users can also join teams, which enables them to compare themselves against people with similar interests.
The program also has anti-cheat measures in place. Automated measures against cheating include a 50 keys per second maximum.
Platform compatibility
WhatPulse is a freeware cross-platform application, running on Windows, macOS, and Linux. However, the Mac and Linux clients were not always updated as often as the Windows client. This changed in version 2.0, which became available for all platforms at the same time and aims at letting the client act the same across all platforms.
References
External links
Freeware
Utilities for Linux
Utilities for macOS
Utilities for Windows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTN | MTN may refer to:
MTN Group, mobile telephone network operator in African and Middle Eastern countries
MTN-Qhubeka, cycling team sponsored by the telephone company
Maritime Telecommunications Network, satellite phone network
Martin State Airport, Baltimore, US, IATA code
Mauritania, IOC and ITU code
Manitoba Television Network, former branding of CHMI-TV, now known as Citytv Winnipeg
MTN (TV station), Griffith, New South Wales, Australia
Medium term note, a debt note
Michigan Talk Network, radio network
Metriol trinitrate, a liquid explosive similar to nitroglycerin
Montana Television Network, US
Montenegro, UNDP-Code
Mountain Air Cargo, ICAO airline designator
MountainWest Sports Network, dedicated to the Mountain West Conference
Multilateral trade negotiations, trade talks associated with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and World Trade Organization
Mountain Dew (stylized as Mtn Dew), carbonated soft drink |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNN | SNN may refer to:
Shannon Airport (Ireland), whose IATA airport code is SNN
Simulated neural network or static neural network, another term for an artificial neural network
Spiking neural network, a type of artificial neural network
Spatial neural network, another type of artificial neural network
SNN (gene), a human gene encoding the protein stannin
SNN: Student News Network, an Iranian news agency running in Tehran, Iran
SNN: Suncoast News Network, a 24/7 local news operation running in Sarasota, Florida
SNN: Showbiz News Ngayon, a Philippine news show for the showbiz
Sun News Network, a Canadian 24h news network
Suncoast News Network, also known as WSNN-LD, an independent television station (channel 39) licensed to Sarasota, Florida, United States
Sarimanok News Network, a Philippine 24/7 News Channel since 1996, Now ABS-CBN News Channel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20de%20g%C3%A9nie%20informatique%20et%20industriel | Ingénieur en Génie Informatique et Industriel (IG2I, EC-Lille) is an information engineering school in Lens, France.
Founded in 1992 by "Ecole Centrale de Lille", it offers courses in computer Science, networking, and industrial engineering.
References
IG2I web-site in French
IG2I page on Facebook
Grandes écoles
Educational institutions established in 1992
1992 establishments in France |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lite-On | Lite-On (also known as LiteOn and LiteON) is a Taiwanese company that primarily manufactures consumer electronics, including LEDs, semiconductors, computer chassis, monitors, motherboards, optical disc drives, and other electronic components. The Lite-On group also consists of some non-electronic companies like a finance arm and a cultural company.
History
Lite-On was started in 1975 by several Taiwanese Texas Instruments ex-employees. The original line of business was optical products (LEDs). They then branched out into computer power supplies by starting the Power Conversion Division. Other divisions were soon to follow.
In 1983 Lite-On Electronics issued initial public offering as the first technology company listed on the Taiwan Stock Exchange with Stock Code 2301.
In 2003 Lite-ON appoint Dragon Group as their sole distributor in Indonesia.
In 2006 Lite-On IT Corporation acquired BenQ Corporation's Optical Disk Drive Business to become one of the top 3 ODD manufacturers in the world.
In March 2007, Lite-On IT Corporation formed a joint venture with Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. for their optical disc drive division as Philips & Lite-On Digital Solutions Corporation (PLDS).
Kioxia (formerly Toshiba Memory) announced on August 30, 2019, that it signed a definitive agreement to acquire Lite-On's SSD business for . The transaction closed in 2020.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
References
External links
Components, trading, and service site (US)
PLDS new site
Companies based in Taipei
Electronics companies established in 1975
Computer storage companies
Electronics companies of Taiwan
Taiwanese brands
1975 establishments in Taiwan
2020 mergers and acquisitions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting%20information%20system | An accounting information system (AIS) is a system of collecting, storing and processing financial and accounting data that are used by decision makers. An accounting information system is generally a computer-based method for tracking accounting activity in conjunction with information technology resources. The resulting financial reports can be used internally by management or externally by other interested parties including investors, creditors and tax authorities. Accounting information systems are designed to support all accounting functions and activities including auditing, financial accounting porting, -managerial/ management accounting and tax. The most widely adopted accounting information systems are auditing and financial reporting modules.
History
Traditionally, accounting is purely based on a manual approach. The experience and skillfulness of an individual accountant are critical in accounting processes. Even using the manual approach can be ineffective and inefficient. Accounting information systems resolve many of the above issues. AISs can support the automation of processing a large amounts of data and produce timely and accurate information.
Early accounting information systems were designed for payroll functions in 1970s. Initially, accounting information systems were developed "in-house" as no packaged solutions were available. Such solutions were expensive to develop and difficult to maintain. Therefore, many accounting practitioners preferred the manual approach rather than computer-based. Today, accounting information systems are more commonly sold as prebuilt software packages from large vendors such as Microsoft, Sage Group, SAP and Oracle where it is configured and customized to match the organization's business processes. Small businesses often use accounting lower costs software packages such as Tally.ERP 9, MYOB and Quickbooks. Large organisations would often choose ERP systems. As the need for connectivity and consolidation between other business systems increased, accounting information systems were merged with larger, more centralized systems enterprise resource planning (ERP). Before, with separate applications to manage different business functions, organizations had to develop complex interfaces for the systems to communicate with each other. In ERP, a system such as an accounting information system is built as a module integrated into a suite of applications that can include manufacturing, supply chain, human resources. These modules are integrated together and are able to access the same data and execute complex business processes. Today, Cloud-based accounting information systems are increasingly popular for both SMEs and large organisations for lower costs. With adoption of accounting information systems, many businesses have removed low skills, transactional, and operational accounting roles.
An example of architecture
An AIS typically follows a multitier architecture separating the presentation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20ledger | In bookkeeping, a general ledger is a bookkeeping ledger in which accounting data are posted from journals and aggregated from subledgers, such as accounts payable, accounts receivable, cash management, fixed assets, purchasing and projects. A general ledger may be maintained on paper, on a computer, or in the cloud. A ledger account is created for each account in the chart of accounts for an organization and is classified into account categories, such as income, expense, assets, liabilities, and equity; the collection of all these accounts is known as the general ledger. The general ledger holds financial and non-financial data for an organization. Each account in the general ledger consists of one or more pages. An organization's statement of financial position and the income statement are both derived from income and expense account categories in the general ledger.
Terminology
The general ledger contains a page for all accounts in the chart of accounts arranged by account categories. The general ledger is usually divided into at least seven main categories: assets, liabilities, owner's equity, revenue, expenses, gains and losses. It is the system of record for an organization’s financial transactions.
The main categories of the general ledger may be further subdivided into subledgers to include additional details of such accounts as cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, etc.
The extraction of account balances is called a trial balance. The purpose of the trial balance is, at a preliminary stage of the financial statement preparation process, to ensure the equality of the total debits and credits.
Process
Posting is the process of recording amounts as credits (right side), and amounts as debits (left side), in the pages of the general ledger. Additional columns to the right hold a running activity total (similar to a chequebook).
The general ledger should include the date, description and balance or total amount for each account.
Because each bookkeeping entry debits one account and credits another account in an equal amount, the double-entry bookkeeping system helps ensure that the general ledger is always in balance, thus maintaining the accounting equation:
The accounting equation is the mathematical structure of the balance sheet. Although a general ledger appears to be fairly simple, in large or complex organizations or organizations with various subsidiaries, the general ledger can grow to be quite large and take several hours or days to audit or balance.
In a manual or non-computerized system, the general ledger may be a large book. Organizations may instead employ one or more spreadsheets for their ledgers, including the general ledger, or may utilize specialized software to automate ledger entry and handling. When a business uses enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, a financial-features module produces subledgers and the general ledger, with entries drawn from a database that is shared with other processes ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switched%20Multi-megabit%20Data%20Service | Switched Multi-megabit Data Service (SMDS) was a connectionless service used to connect LANs, MANs and WANs to exchange data, in early 1990s. In Europe, the service was known as Connectionless Broadband Data Service (CBDS).
SMDS was specified by Bellcore, and was based on the IEEE 802.6 metropolitan area network (MAN) standard, as implemented by Bellcore, and used cell relay transport, Distributed Queue Dual Bus layer-2 switching arbitrator, and standard SONET or G.703 as access interfaces.
It is a switching service that provides data transmission in the range between 1.544 Mbit/s (T1 or DS1) to 45 Mbit/s (T3 or DS3). SMDS was developed by Bellcore as an interim service until Asynchronous Transfer Mode matured. SMDS was notable for its initial introduction of the 53-byte cell and cell switching approaches, as well as the method of inserting 53-byte cells onto G.703 and SONET. In the mid-1990s, SMDS was replaced, largely by Frame Relay.
References
External links
Cisco guide to SMDS
SMDS | SIP Protocol
Computer networking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Available%20bit%20rate | Available bit rate (ABR) is a service used in ATM networks when source and destination don't need to be synchronized. ABR does not guarantee against delay or data loss. ABR mechanisms allow the network to allocate the available bandwidth fairly over the present ABR sources. ABR is one of five service categories defined by the ATM Forum for use in an ATM Network.
The network switches use locally available information to determine the explicit allowable rates or relative rate (increase/decrease) for the source. The newly calculated rates are then being sent to the sources using resource management records (RM-cells). RM-cells are generated by the source and travel along the data path to the destination and sent back. ABR sets a minimum cell rate (MCR) and a peak cell rate (PCR). When transfers exceed the PCR, cells are dropped.
Many implementers consider ABR to be overly complex, and its adoption has been modest.
See also
External links
Understanding the Available Bit Rate (ABR) Service Category for ATM VCs
Network protocols
Asynchronous Transfer Mode |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylver%20Stone | The Kylver stone, listed in the Rundata catalog as runic inscription G 88, is a Swedish runestone which dates from about 400 AD. It is notable for its listing of each of the runes in the Elder Futhark.
Description
The Kylver stone was found during the excavation of a cemetery near a farm at Kylver, Stånga, Gotland in 1903. The stone was a flat limestone rock used to seal a grave and the runic inscription was written on the underside, and could therefore not be read from above. The dating of the stone from 400 CE is based upon the archeological dating of the graves.
The Kylver stone was removed from Gotland and brought to the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm where it is on display .
The fact that the inscription was on the inside of a cover to a grave has resulted in speculation that it represented a use of the Elder Futhark to pacify the dead man in some manner. However, it has been pointed out that there is nothing in the inscription to support this. In addition, there is no evidence that the inscription was made for the purpose of being used on the cover of a grave. There are many examples where stone with runic inscriptions was reused for other purposes. It has been suggested that the likely purpose of making the inscription was for practice or instruction in the carving of the Elder Futhark.
Inscription
The Kylver stone is inscribed with the earliest known sequential listing of the 24 runes of the Elder Futhark,
[f] u þ a r k g [w] h n i j p ï z s t b e m l ŋ d o
with the a (ᚨ), s (ᛊ), and b runes (ᛒ) mirrored compared to later use, and the z rune (ᛉ) upside down (ᛦ). The dots in the image indicate incorrect or unorthodox forms like these in the original inscription. The f (ᚠ) and w runes (ᚹ) runes are only partially inscribed.
After the last rune follows a spruce- or tree-like rune, with six twigs to the left and eight to the right of a single stave. This is interpreted as a bindrune of stacked Tiwaz rune, or possibly of six Tiwaz and four Ansuz runes to invoke Tyr and the Æsir for protection.
At a separate space the word ᛊᚢᛖᚢᛊ sueus is inscribed. The meaning of this latter palindromic word is unknown, but it is possible that it is associated with magic. One suggestion presented by Marstrander is that it is a magical writing of the word 'eus' (the nominative form of the word horse) starting from the e and writing either way. However, this suggestion has been criticized as being "linguistically impossible" for that time period. The small inscription also uses the Younger Futhark version of the s-rune. It is also possible that it refers to the Germanic tribe of the Suiones that inhabited the region, whose realm laid the basis for what became Sweden.
See also
List of runestones
Rundata
Runic magic
Vadstena bracteate – Another Elder Futhark inscription.
References
External links
Photograph – Swedish National Heritage Board
Rune- and picture stones on Gotland
5th-century inscriptions
Gotland
Elder Futhark inscriptio |
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