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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color%20cycling | Color cycling, also known as palette shifting or palette animation, is a technique used in computer graphics in which colors are changed in order to give the impression of animation. This technique was used in early video games, as storing one image and changing its palette requires less memory and processor power than storing multiple frames of animation.
Examples of use
The Windows 9x boot screen used color cycling to provide animation.
The 3D maze screensaver included with earlier versions of Windows used color cycling to animate the four fractal textures available.
The Amiga Boing Ball cycled the ball's checkerboard pattern between red and white to create the illusion of the ball rotating. The same technique was used by Sonic the Hedgehog 3 on the Sega Genesis in its bonus stages featuring a rolling checkerboard sphere.
SimCity 2000 made extensive use of this technique: every building with animation had its animation provided by color cycling. This was used to provide effects such as blinking lights, flowing water, cars moving on roads, and even four frames of animation displaying on a tiny movie screen in a drive-in theater.
Many adventure games used color cycling to simulate moving water, lava and similar effects.
Mickey Mania, on the Sega Genesis, used color cycling to simulate ground movement in a pseudo-3D section.
Approach
Color cycling is powered by changing specific colors in a color pallet that gives the illusion of animation. To quote Mark Ferrarri:
References
External links
Gallery featuring the color cycling effect through HTML 5
Gallery featuring the color cycling effect through HTML5 with extra features
Computer animation
Demo effects
Amiga |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20S%C3%A9n%C3%A9gal%20International | Air Sénégal International was an airline with its head office in Dakar, Senegal. It was a regional carrier operating a scheduled domestic network and regional flights to neighbouring countries. It also operated charter and air taxi flights. Its main base was Dakar-Yoff-Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport.
On April 24, 2009, the airline suspended all of its operations.
History
The airline was established on 1 February 1971 as Air Sénégal and started operations on 23 February 2001. It was restructured as an international carrier following the acquisition of a majority stake by Royal Air Maroc in 2001. It was part of Groupe Royal Air Maroc, who owned 51% of the company's shares, with 49% being held by the Senegalese government.
At one time the airline had its head office on the grounds of Dakar-Yoff-Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in Yoff, Senegal.
In 2006 the airline disclosed losses of $16 million. In 2007, the Senegalese government stated that effective 5 November 2006, it would purchase a further 26% of the airline, raising its stake to 75%. The Senegalese government stated that support from Royal Air Maroc had "shown its limitations", and that the airline needed to be recapitalised.
In late 2009, a new airline was announced to replace Air Sénégal International. The new airline was called Senegal Airlines and had a fleet of 4 Airbus A320 aircraft and 2 Airbus A330 aircraft. Operations commenced in January 2011, but ceased by April 2016. Senegal Airlines was then also replaced as flag carrier by Air Senegal, which began operations in May 2018.
Destinations
As of 2007, Air Sénégal International operated scheduled passenger flights to the following destinations:
Africa
Benin
Cotonou - Cadjehoun Airport
Burkina Faso
Ouagadougou - Ouagadougou Airport
Cape Verde
Praia - Nelson Mandela International Airport
Côte d'Ivoire
Abidjan - Port Bouet Airport
The Gambia
Banjul - Banjul International Airport
Guinea-Bissau
Bissau - Osvaldo Vieira International Airport
Guinea
Conakry - Conakry International Airport
Mali
Bamako - Senou International Airport
Mauritania
Nouakchott - Nouakchott International Airport
Niger
Niamey - Diori Hamani International Airport
Senegal
Cap Skirring - Cap Skirring Airport
Dakar - Dakar-Yoff-Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport
Saint Louis - Saint Louis Airport
Tambacounda - Tambacounda Airport
Ziguinchor - Ziguinchor Airport
Togo
Lomé - Tokoin Airport
Europe
France
Marseille - Marseille Provence Airport
Paris - Orly Airport
Italy
Milan - Malpensa Airport
Spain
Gran Canaria - Gran Canaria Airport
Madrid - Barajas Airport
Codeshares
At May 2007, Air Sénégal International had codeshare agreements with the following airlines:
Brussels Airlines (Star Alliance)
Iberia Airlines (Oneworld)
Royal Air Maroc
South African Airways (Star Alliance)
TACV
Fleet
At March 2008, the Air Sénégal International fleet consisted of the following aircraft:
Previously operated
At August 2006 th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-Love | K-Love (stylized as K-LOVE) is an American contemporary Christian music radio network owned by the Educational Media Foundation (EMF), a non-profit Christian ministry.
As of June 2019, the network's programming is aired over 520 FM stations and translators in 48 U.S. states, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia. As of 2018, K-Love and its sister network Air1 reportedly had a weekly cumulative audience of about 20 million listeners.
History
1980s
In 1980, the Christian Life Center First Assembly of God of Santa Rosa, California, received a construction permit to operate a new noncommercial radio station in that city, KCLB on 91.9 MHz. The church, however, was being affected by a major scandal involving its trust fund, which had forced it into bankruptcy two years prior and had required the church to abandon its plans for the time being. Later in 1980, under new management, the church hoped to raise the funds to put the nearly fully equipped station on the air as a contemporary Christian music radio station.
In 1982, after several attempts to purchase a station in San Francisco, the Educational Media Foundation purchased KCLB for $65,760. Bob Anthony Fogel, a former DJ at KFRC, founded EMF, which in its early years was also known as Christian Media Ministries. Charles Colson assisted in fundraising efforts for KCLB in the San Francisco area. KCLB signed on October 15, 1982; the first song played on the station was "Praise the Lord" by the Imperials, which was a hit on the Christian music charts in 1979.
KCLB expanded in 1987 with new translators at San Rafael and Salinas.
On August 1, 1988, KCLB changed its call letters to KLVR and adopted its present K-LOVE moniker. A month and a half later, on September 12, its wooden transmitter building on Geyser Peak was burned to the ground by a brush fire believed to have been set by an arsonist. After the fire, the transmitter was relocated to Mount Saint Helena. The new location improved signal strength, and listeners reported they could now hear the station as far as away. By 1989, KLVR had expanded further to include translators covering Santa Cruz, San Jose, and Los Gatos.
1990s
K-Love expanded its reach during the 1990s by purchasing small stations and translators, and repeating its signal. In 1992, K-LOVE began using satellite technology to expand to locations further away than just northern California. The Educational Media Foundation continued to purchase small translators in California but also bought stations in Portland, Oregon (KLVP), Phoenix, Arizona (KLVA), Oklahoma City (KYLV) and San Antonio (KZLV).
During the 1990s, K-Love also began to expand its on-air personalities. David Pierce joined in 1991 from KLTY in Dallas/Ft. Worth. Also Mike Novak, JD Chandler and Larry Wayne started working air shifts in the late 1990s. In addition to expanding the on-air talent, K-LOVE expanded its facilities and moved its headquarters from Santa Rosa to Sacramento in 1993. In |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected%20procedure%20call | A Protected Procedure Call (PPC) is a messaging facility wherein messages are sent and received using procedure call interfaces. They are a core component of the K42 operating system.
Inter-process communication
Subroutines |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead%20Putting%20Society | "Dead Putting Society" is the sixth episode of the second season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on November 15, 1990. In the episode, Homer and Ned quarrel and bet which of their sons, Bart or Todd, will win a miniature golf tournament. Homer is confident Bart will win and bets that the father of the boy who does not win must mow the other's lawn in his wife's Sunday dress.
The episode, which was the first to prominently feature Ned and the rest of his family, was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Rich Moore. While animating "Dead Putting Society", the animators went on a field trip to a local miniature golf course to study the mechanics of a golf club swing. Since airing, the episode has received positive reviews from critics. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.3, and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired.
Plot
Watching Homer mow his lawn with frustration, Ned invites him to Ned's basement rec room for a beer. When Homer sees Ned's well-furnished house and his perfect relationship with his family, he angrily accuses Ned of showing off and is asked to leave. Later Ned feels guilty about his outburst and writes a letter of apology to Homer. Homer reads the letter aloud at the breakfast table, where the Simpson family laugh at Ned's sentimentality, as well as his use of the word "bosom".
Homer takes Bart and Maggie to Sir Putt-A-Lot's Merrie Olde Fun Centre for a round of miniature golf. They encounter Ned and his son Todd there and play golf together. Bart and Todd learn of an upcoming children's miniature golf tournament and enter it. Although Todd is skilled at playing, Homer is confident Bart will win. He tells Bart that it is not acceptable to lose and forces him to angrily stare at a picture of Todd for fifteen minutes every day.
Doubting his golfing skills after seeing his meager collection of sports trophies, Bart accepts Lisa's offer to help him practice. Lisa approaches the task as a zen master, teaching Bart to meditate. She finds the golf course is based on simple geometry and teaches Bart how to achieve a low par. Homer makes a bet with Ned about whose son is a better golfer: the father of the boy who does not win the tournament will mow the other father's lawn in his wife's Sunday dress.
On the day of the tournament, Homer encourages Bart to win at all costs. Bart and Todd play well and are tied when they reach the eighteenth hole. Realizing that they are equally skilled at golf, they call it a draw and split the $50 prize. Ned suggests that means their bet is off, but Homer insists that they both must mow each other's lawn in their wife's Sunday dress because of the way their bet is worded. To Homer's dismay, Ned is not humiliated but actually enjoys mowing Homer's lawn in his wife's dress because it reminds him of his college fraternity days.
Production
"Dead Putting Society" was written by Jeff Martin and dir |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aga%20Khan%20Development%20Network | The Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN) is a network of private, non-denominational (de jure) development agencies founded by the Aga Khan that work primarily in the poorest parts of Asia and Africa. Aga Khan IV succeeded to the office of the 49th hereditary Imam as spiritual and administrative leader of the Shia faith-rooted Nizari Ismaili Muslim supranational union in 1957. Ismailis consist of an estimated 25–30 million adherents (about 20% of the world's Shia Muslim population).
The network focuses on health, education, culture, rural development, institution building and the promotion of economic development. The AKDN aims to improve living conditions and opportunities for the poor, without regard to their faith, origin or gender. Its annual budget for not-for-profit activities is approximately US $ 950 million – mainly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. The AKDN works in 30 countries around the world, and it employs approx 96,000 paid staff, mostly in developing countries. While the agencies are secular, they are guided by Islamic ethics, which bridge faith and society.
AKDN agencies
AKDN agencies work towards the elimination of global poverty; the promotion and implementation of pluralism; the advancement of the status of women; and the honouring of Islamic art and architecture.
The following is a list of AKDN agencies:
Collectively they are leading development organisations around the world, focusing on the improving the livelihoods of Ismailis. The Aga Khan's secular development institutions – such as AKDN and AKRSP – provide services and direction for sustainable development around the world.
The Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development with its affiliates, Tourism Promotion Services, Industrial Promotion Services, and the Aga Khan Agency for Microfinance, seek to strengthen the role of the private sector in developing countries by supporting private sector initiatives in the development process. The fund and the foundation also encourage government policies that foster what the Aga Khan first called an enabling environment of favourable legislative and fiscal structures.
The agencies' common goal is to help the poor achieve a level of self-reliance whereby they are able to plan their own livelihoods and help those even more needy than themselves. To pursue their mandates, AKDN institutions rely on volunteers as well as remunerated professionals.
AKDN focuses on civil society with the Civil Society Programme. A number of organizations are sponsored by the World Bank with the help of partner foundations.
The Aga Khan Trust for Culture co-ordinates the Imamat's cultural activities. Its programmes include the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, the Aga Khan Historic Cities Programme, and the Education and Culture Programme. The trust also provides financial support for the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture at Harvard University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the United States, and also support to cultural d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20Woodbridge | Todd Andrew Woodbridge, OAM (born 2 April 1971) is an Australian former professional tennis player and current sports broadcaster with the Nine Network.
Woodbridge is best known for his successful Doubles partnerships with Mark Woodforde (nicknamed "The Woodies") and later Jonas Björkman. His nickname was “a little bit wet”. He is among the most successful doubles players of all time, having won 16 Grand Slam men's doubles titles (nine Wimbledons, three US Opens, three Australian Opens and one French Open), and a further six Grand Slam mixed doubles titles (three US Opens, one French Open, one Wimbledon, one Australian Open). Additionally, he was a gold medalist with Woodforde at the 1996 Summer Olympics to complete a career Golden Slam. In total he has won 83 ATP doubles titles. Woodbridge reached the World No. 1 doubles ranking in July 1992.
Woodbridge was awarded the Medal of the Order of the Australia in the 1997 Australia Day Honours "for service to sport as gold medallist at the Atlanta Olympic Games, 1996". In 2002, he was inducted into the Australian Institute of Sport 'Best of the Best'.
Woodbridge was at the Seven Network between 2006 and 2018, working for Seven Sport as a tennis commentator, where he was also a host of the network's Australian Open coverage. In April 2018, he hosted the morning sessions of the 2018 Commonwealth Games on the Gold Coast for the network.
In 2014, alongside Woodforde, the International Tennis Federation (ITF) presented him with its highest accolade, the Philippe Chatrier award, for his contributions to tennis.
In 2018, Woodbridge was signed by the Nine Network as a commentator for Wide World of Sports tennis, including the Australian Open after winning the broadcast rights for 6 years. Wimbledon 2018 was the final event he covered for the Seven Network.
Tennis career
Juniors
In juniors, Woodbridge made the finals of the Jr Australian Open in 1987 and 1989, and Wimbledon in 1989.
Pro tour
He is best known as one of the top doubles players in the world for most of the 1990s and into the early 2000s (decade). His primary doubles partnerships were first with fellow Australian Mark Woodforde and later with Swede Jonas Björkman. Woodbridge and Woodforde are often referred to as "The Woodies" in the tennis world. Woodbridge also had a career high singles ranking of 19 after reaching the semifinals of Wimbledon in 1997, beating Michael Chang, Marcos Ondruska, Alex Rădulescu, Patrick Rafter and Nicolas Kiefer before losing to Pete Sampras. He did however have the distinction of being one of only seven players to beat Sampras at Wimbledon, knocking him out in the first round in 1989 (Sampras's first ever Wimbledon match). Woodbridge is also notable for being one of only 17 players in the Open Era (as of 2017) to achieve a triple bagel, against Johan Örtegren at the 2001 Wimbledon Championships.
The Woodies won a record 61 ATP doubles titles as a team, including 11 Grand Slam events. Woodforde and Woodbrid |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient%20occlusion | In 3D computer graphics, modeling, and animation, ambient occlusion is a shading and rendering technique used to calculate how exposed each point in a scene is to ambient lighting. For example, the interior of a tube is typically more occluded (and hence darker) than the exposed outer surfaces, and becomes darker the deeper inside the tube one goes.
Ambient occlusion can be seen as an accessibility value that is calculated for each surface point. In scenes with open sky, this is done by estimating the amount of visible sky for each point, while in indoor environments, only objects within a certain radius are taken into account and the walls are assumed to be the origin of the ambient light. The result is a diffuse, non-directional shading effect that casts no clear shadows, but that darkens enclosed and sheltered areas and can affect the rendered image's overall tone. It is often used as a post-processing effect.
Unlike local methods such as Phong shading, ambient occlusion is a global method, meaning that the illumination at each point is a function of other geometry in the scene. However, it is a very crude approximation to full global illumination. The appearance achieved by ambient occlusion alone is similar to the way an object might appear on an overcast day.
The first method that allowed simulating ambient occlusion in real time was developed by the research and development department of Crytek (CryEngine 2). With the release of hardware capable of real time ray tracing (GeForce 20 series) by Nvidia in 2018, ray traced ambient occlusion (RTAO) became possible in games and other real time applications. This feature was added to the Unreal Engine with version 4.22.
Implementation
In the absence of hardware-assisted ray traced ambient occlusion, real-time applications such as computer games can use screen space ambient occlusion (SSAO) or horizon-based ambient occlusion (HBAO) as a faster approximation of true ambient occlusion, using per-pixel depth, rather than scene geometry, to form an ambient occlusion map.
Ambient occlusion is related to accessibility shading, which determines appearance based on how easy it is for a surface to be touched by various elements (e.g., dirt, light, etc.). It has been popularized in production animation due to its relative simplicity and efficiency.
The ambient occlusion shading model offers a better perception of the 3D shape of the displayed objects. This was shown in a paper where the authors report the results of perceptual experiments showing that depth discrimination under diffuse uniform sky lighting is superior to that predicted by a direct lighting model.
The occlusion at a point on a surface with normal can be computed by integrating the visibility function over the hemisphere with respect to projected solid angle:
where is the visibility function at , defined to be zero if is occluded in the direction and one otherwise, and is the infinitesimal solid angle step of the integration |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantom%20Slayer%20%28video%20game%29 | Phantom Slayer is a video game released by Med Systems in 1982 for the TRS-80 Color Computer and Dragon 32/64. Written by Ken Kalish, Phantom Slayer is considered by some an early forerunner of the modern first-person shooter genre.
Gameplay
The player moves around a randomly generated maze, attempting to kill the eponymous phantoms by shooting them. As each level is cleared, a new maze is created, and the phantoms became harder (requiring more shots) to kill.
The game combines a relatively sedate pace and a then-rare first-person point of view (using simple fixed-perspective graphics) to produce high levels of dramatic tension for a game on such primitive hardware. As the player moves around the maze, the only indication that a phantom is encroaching is an ominous sound played when the phantom is a few squares away from the player's position. The player can adjust the setting for the audio range finder to indicate the phantom's presence at close or further number of squares to help locate the phantom.
A power-up time is required for the player's weapon, leading to the player holding a position in order to charge the weapon while stalking (or being stalked). The phantoms can take multiple hits (usually two). Combined with their creepy ability to get in close and blind-side the player, this is effective for elevating the fear factor.
See also
Dungeons of Daggorath
References
External links
Phantom Slayer - Fan site, includes more screenshots and a (legal) download of the game binary, for use with emulators.
1982 video games
Dragon 32 games
Maze games
Microdeal games
Single-player video games
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Med Systems Software games |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Kalish | Kenneth Kalish is a game programmer who wrote TRS-80 Color Computer and Dragon 32/64 home computers in the 1980s. In the United Kingdom, most of Kalish's games were published by Microdeal.
Games
Danger Ranger
Dungeon Raid
El Diablero
Monkey Kong
Phantom Slayer
Devil Assault
References
External links
An Interview with Ken Kalish by L. Curtis Boyle
Year of birth missing (living people)
Video game programmers
TRS-80 Color Computer
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hex%20dump | In computing, a hex dump is a textual hexadecimal view (on screen or paper) of (often, but not necessarily binary) computer data, from memory or from a computer file or storage device. Looking at a hex dump of data is usually done in the context of either debugging, reverse engineering or digital forensics.
In a hex dump, each byte (8 bits) is represented as a two-digit hexadecimal number. Hex dumps are commonly organized into rows of 8 or 16 bytes, sometimes separated by whitespaces. Some hex dumps have the hexadecimal memory address at the beginning.
Some common names for this program function are hexdump, hd, od, xxd and simply dump or even D.
Samples
A sample text file:
0123456789ABCDEF
/* ********************************************** */
Table with TABs (09)
1 2 3
3.14 6.28 9.42
as displayed by Unix hexdump:
0000000 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46
0000010 0a 2f 2a 20 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a
0000020 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a
*
0000040 2a 2a 20 2a 2f 0a 09 54 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74
0000050 68 20 54 41 42 73 20 28 30 39 29 0a 09 31 09 09
0000060 32 09 09 33 0a 09 33 2e 31 34 09 36 2e 32 38 09
0000070 39 2e 34 32 0a
0000075
The leftmost column is the hexadecimal displacement (or address) for the values of the following columns. Each row displays 16 bytes, with the exception of the row containing a single *. The * is used to indicate multiple occurrences of the same display were omitted.
The last line displays the number of bytes taken from the input.
An additional column shows the corresponding ASCII character translation with or :
00000000 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 |0123456789ABCDEF|
00000010 0a 2f 2a 20 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |./* ************|
00000020 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************|
*
00000040 2a 2a 20 2a 2f 0a 09 54 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74 |** */..Table wit|
00000050 68 20 54 41 42 73 20 28 30 39 29 0a 09 31 09 09 |h TABs (09)..1..|
00000060 32 09 09 33 0a 09 33 2e 31 34 09 36 2e 32 38 09 |2..3..3.14.6.28.|
00000070 39 2e 34 32 0a |9.42.|
00000075
This is helpful when trying to locate TAB characters in a file which is expected to use multiple spaces.
The option causes hexdump to display all data verbosely:
00000000 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 41 42 43 44 45 46 |0123456789ABCDEF|
00000010 0a 2f 2a 20 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |./* ************|
00000020 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************|
00000030 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a 2a |****************|
00000040 2a 2a 20 2a 2f 0a 09 54 61 62 6c 65 20 77 69 74 |** */..Table wit|
00000050 68 20 54 41 42 73 20 28 30 39 29 0a 09 31 09 09 |h TABs (09)..1..|
00000060 32 09 09 33 0a 09 33 2e 31 34 09 36 2e 32 38 09 |2..3..3.14.6.28.|
00000070 39 2e 34 32 0a | |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WRDC | WRDC (channel 28) is a television station licensed to Durham, North Carolina, United States, serving the Research Triangle area as an affiliate of MyNetworkTV. It is owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group alongside Raleigh-licensed CW affiliate WLFL (channel 22). Both stations share studios in the Highwoods Office Park, just outside downtown Raleigh, while WRDC's transmitter is located in Auburn, North Carolina.
Channel 28 is the third-oldest television station in the Triangle and was the market's NBC affiliate for its first 27 years of operation. It was perennially the third-rated station in the market and did not produce local newscasts for significant portions of its tenure with NBC, which contributed to the network moving to another station.
Prior use of channel 28 in Raleigh
Channel 28 in Raleigh was initially occupied by WNAO-TV, the first television station in the Raleigh–Durham market and North Carolina's first UHF station. Owned by the Sir Walter Television Company, WNAO-TV broadcast from July 12, 1953, to December 31, 1957, primarily as a CBS affiliate with secondary affiliations with other networks. The station was co-owned with WNAO radio (850 AM and 96.1 FM)), which Sir Walter had bought from The News & Observer newspaper after obtaining the television construction permit. After the Raleigh–Durham market received two VHF television stations in 1954 and 1956 (WTVD, channel 11, and WRAL-TV, channel 5, respectively), WNAO-TV found the going increasingly difficult, as did many early UHF stations. The station signed off December 31, 1957, and its owner entered into a joint venture with another dark UHF outlet that was successful in obtaining channel 8 in High Point.
History
WRDU-TV/Triangle Telecasters
In 1966, a major overhaul of the UHF allocation table moved the market's channel 28 allotment from Raleigh to Durham. On November 18 of that year, Triangle Telecasters, Inc., a group led by law professor Robinson O. Everett, applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a construction permit to build a new channel 28 station in Durham. The Everett group competed with a very similarly named company, Durham–Raleigh Telecasters (owned by the same interests that were building WCTU-TV in Charlotte), which also applied for the channel. Triangle Telecasters won out on April 29, 1968. Everett sold a minority stake to Charles Woods, owner of WTVY-TV in Dothan, Alabama. Other minority partners included then-mayor of Chapel Hill and WCHL founder Roland "Sandy" McClamroch, former Durham mayor E. J. Evans and former Raleigh mayor Jim Reid.
The new channel 28 began broadcasting on the afternoon of November 4, 1968, as WRDU-TV. The station had no single full affiliation: its first programs were an episode of the CBS soap opera Love is a Many Splendored Thing followed by the NBC soaps The Doctors and Another World. The new station's studios were on North Carolina Highway 54 in southern Durham, with a transmitter near Terrells Mountain in Chat |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twisted%20Metal%202 | Twisted Metal 2 (known as Twisted Metal: World Tour in Europe and Twisted Metal EX in Japan) is a vehicular combat video game developed by SingleTrac and published by Sony Computer Entertainment. The second game in the Twisted Metal series, it was originally released in 1996 for PlayStation and Windows.
The Microsoft Windows version features slightly cut-down graphics compared to the PlayStation version but doesn't require a 3D accelerator video card. It also features multiplayer mode over a modem line or Internet.
Two years after its release, Twisted Metal 2 was re-released as a PlayStation Greatest Hits game, however under the developer 989 Studios instead of SingleTrac. It was also released for download on the PlayStation Network in Japan on July 26, 2007 and North America on November 1, 2007.
Gameplay
In concept, Twisted Metal 2 is a demolition derby which permits the usage of ballistic projectiles. Players choose a vehicle and an arena—or a series of arenas in the story mode—to engage in battle with opposing drivers. A variety of weapons are obtainable by pick-ups scattered throughout the stage. The objective of the game is to be the last remaining player. Two player duel mode makes a return from the first Twisted Metal, and a co-operative mode allows players to fight through tournament mode with a teammate. There is no ending if the game is completed in co-operative mode.
Plot
In 2006, Los Angeles is in ruins and its citizens left to struggle for survival after the conclusion of Twisted Metal, a brutal contest held by Calypso, exactly one year earlier on Christmas Eve. Aboard his airship (running the ticker "CALYPSO RULER OF THE EARTH") in the skies over the destroyed City of Angels, Calypso wonders where the next Twisted Metal will take place; fourteen of the world's best drivers are already assembled to compete for whatever prize they desire. Ultimately, Calypso decides that the world itself shall serve as a battleground. In addition to the remains of Los Angeles, drivers will also battle in Moscow, Paris, Amazonia, New York City, Antarctica, Holland, and Hong Kong.
After defeating all the opponents in Amazonia, the player must face Minion before proceeding to New York City. The Dark Tooth boss fight takes place after the player defeats all the opponents in Hong Kong; once Dark Tooth (and his flaming head) is defeated, the driver meets with Calypso in New York to receive their prize.
Development
SingleTrac began brainstorming ideas for a Twisted Metal sequel in late 1995. Due to the success of the original, Twisted Metal 2 was allotted 16 months for development, much longer than the previous game.
Reception
Twisted Metal 2 was both a financial and critical success. The PlayStation version sold 1.74 million copies in the United States alone. The PlayStation version has an aggregate score of 86.44% on GameRankings, based on eight reviews. The PC version averages 49.50% on the same website, based on two reviews.
Critics generall |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AES47 | AES47 is a standard which describes a method for transporting AES3 professional digital audio streams over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks.
The Audio Engineering Society (AES) published AES47 in 2002. The method described by AES47 is also published by the International Electrotechnical Commission as IEC 62365.
Introduction
Many professional audio systems are now combined with telecommunication and IT technologies to provide new functionality, flexibility and connectivity over both local and wide area networks. AES47 was developed to provide a standardised method of transporting the standard digital audio per AES3 over telecommunications networks that provide a quality of service required by many professional low-latency live audio uses. AES47 may be used directly between specialist audio devices or in combination with telecommunication and computer equipment with suitable network interfaces. In both cases, AES47 the same physical structured cable used as standard by the telecommunications networks.
Common network protocols like Ethernet use large packet sizes, which produce a larger minimum latency. Asynchronous transfer mode divides data into 48-byte cells which provide lower latency.
History
The original work was carried out at the British Broadcasting Corporation’s R&D department and published as "White Paper 074", which established that this approach provides the necessary performance for professional media production. AES47 was originally published in 2002 and was republished with minor revisions in February 2006. Amendment 1 to AES47 was published in February 2009, adding code points in the ATM Adaptation Layer Parameters Information Element to signal that the time to which each audio sample relates can be identified as specified in AES53.
The change in thinking from traditional ATM network design is not to necessarily use ATM to pass IP traffic (apart from management traffic) but to use AES47 in parallel with standard Ethernet structures to deal with extremely high performance secure media streams.
AES47 has been developed to allow the simultaneous transport and switched distribution of a large number of AES3 linear audio streams at different sample frequencies. AES47 can support any of the standard AES3 sample rates and word size. AES11 Annex D (the November 2005 printing or version of AES11-2003) shows an example method to provide isochronous timing relationships for distributed AES3 structures over asynchronous networks such as AES47 where reference signals may be locked to common timing sources such as GPS. AES53 specifies how timing markers within AES47 can be used to associate an absolute time stamp with individual audio samples as described in AES47 Amendment 1.
An additional standard has been published by the Audio Engineering Society to extend AES3 digital audio carried as AES47 streams to enable this to be transported over standard physical Ethernet hardware. This additional standard is known as AES51-2006.
A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20Q | 20Q is a computerized game of twenty questions that began as a test in artificial intelligence (AI). It was invented by Robin Burgener in 1988. The game was made handheld by Radica in 2003, but was discontinued in 2011 because Techno Source took the license for 20Q handheld devices.
The game 20Q is based on the spoken parlor game known as twenty questions, and is both a website and a handheld device. 20Q asks the player to think of something and will then try to guess what they are thinking of with twenty yes-or-no questions. If it fails to guess in 20 questions, it will ask an additional 5 questions. If it fails to guess even with 25 (or 30) questions, the player is declared the winner. Sometimes the first guess of the object can be asked at question 14.
Principle and history
The principle is that the player thinks of something and the 20Q artificial intelligence asks a series of questions before guessing what the player is thinking. This artificial intelligence learns on its own with the information relayed back to the players who interact with it, and is not programmed. The player can answer these questions with: Yes, No, Unknown, and Sometimes. The experiment is based on the classic word game of Twenty Questions, and on the computer game "Animals," popular in the early 1970s, which used a somewhat simpler method to guess an animal.
The 20Q AI uses an artificial neural network to pick the questions and to guess. After the player has answered the twenty questions posed (sometimes fewer), 20Q makes a guess. If it is incorrect, it asks more questions, then guesses again. It makes guesses based on what it has learned; it is not programmed with information or what the inventor thinks. Answers to any question are based on players’ interpretations of the questions asked. Newer editions were made for different categories, such as music 20Q which has the player think of a song, and Harry Potter 20Q, which has the player think of something from the world of the Harry Potter series.
The 20Q AI can draw its own conclusions on how to interpret the information. It can be described as more of a folk taxonomy than a taxonomy. Its knowledge develops with every game played. In this regard, the online version of the 20Q AI can be inaccurate because it gathers its answers from what people think rather than from what people know. Limitations of taxonomy are often overcome by the AI itself because it can learn and adapt. For example, if the player was thinking of a "Horse" and answered "No" to the question "Is it an animal?," the AI will, nevertheless, guess correctly, despite being told that a horse is not an animal.
Patent applications in the US and Europe were submitted in 2005.
In August 2014, 20Q.net Inc., with Brashworks Studios, developed and released an iOS iPad version available at the Apple iTunes store.
Handheld device
The built Artificial Neural Network is not resource intensive either to store or to compute, thus it could be embedded in small, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20over%20Heels%20%28video%20game%29 | Head Over Heels is an action-adventure video game released by Ocean Software in 1987 for several 8-bit home computers. It uses an isometric engine that is similar to the Filmation technique first developed by Ultimate Play the Game.
Head Over Heels is the second isometric game by Jon Ritman and Bernie Drummond, after their earlier Batman computer game was released in 1986. The game received very favourable reviews and was described as an all time classic.
In 2003, Retrospec released a remake of Head Over Heels for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, BeOS, and Linux. In 2019, Piko Interactive released an Atari ST port of Head Over Heels for Atari Jaguar. A Nintendo Switch port was released on October 28, 2021.
Gameplay
The player controls two characters instead of just one, each with different abilities.
Head can jump higher than Heels, control himself in the air, and fire doughnuts from a hooter to paralyze enemies.
Heels can run twice as fast as Head, climb certain staircases that Head cannot, and carry objects around a room in a bag.
These abilities become complementary when the player combines them after completing roughly a sixth of the game. Compared to its predecessors, the game offers unique and revolutionary gameplay, complex puzzles, and more than 300 rooms to explore.
Drummond contributed some famously surreal touches, including robots (controlled by push switches) that bore a remarkable resemblance to the head of Charles III (then Prince of Wales) on the body of a Dalek. Other surreal touches include enemies with the heads of elephants and staircases made of dogs that teleport themselves away as soon as Head enters the room.
Plot
Headus Mouthion (Head) and Footus Underium (Heels) are two spies from the planet Freedom. They are sent to Blacktooth to liberate the enslaved planets of Penitentiary, Safari, Book World and Egyptus, and then to defeat the Emperor to prevent further planets from falling under his rule.
Captured and separated, the spies are placed in the prison headquarters of Castle Blacktooth. They must first escape, then break through the market to the orbiting Moonbase. From there they can teleport down to each planet and locate and reclaim the stolen crowns. Liberating the planets and defeating the Emperor will allow Head and Heels to return to Freedom as heroes.
Development
Jon Ritman re-used and modified the isometric engine he created for Batman to support the control of 2 players instead of just 1. Modifications were made to the code for the C64 version to lower processor load, but in the end there was very little difference between the versions.
Reception
Your Sinclair awarded Head over Heels 9/10 in the June 1987 issue and the game was placed at number 5 in the Your Sinclair official top 100. Sinclair User also awarded 9/10. It was chosen by Your Sinclair editors and readers as the ZX Spectrum's 1987 Game of the Year.
Crash magazine gave Head over Heels 97% and called the game "The best fun you are likely to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st%20Daytime%20Emmy%20Awards | The 31st Daytime Emmy Awards, commemorating excellence in American daytime programming from 2003, was held on May 21, 2004 at Radio City Music Hall in New York City, Vanessa Marcil hosted. Creative Arts Emmy Awards were presented on May 15, 2004. , it is the last Daytime Emmy Awards ceremony to have aired on NBC. The nominees were announced on May 4, 2004.
Nominations and winners
The following is a partial list of nominees, with winners in bold:
Outstanding Drama Series
As the World Turns
The Bold and the Beautiful
General Hospital
Guiding Light
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Grant Aleksander (Phillip Spaulding, Guiding Light)
Maurice Benard (Sonny Corinthos, General Hospital)
Eric Braeden (Victor Newman, The Young and the Restless)
Anthony Geary (Luke Spencer, General Hospital)
Roger Howarth (Paul Ryan, As the World Turns)
Thorsten Kaye (Ian Thornhart, Port Charles)
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series
Tamara Braun (Carly Corinthos, General Hospital)
Nancy Lee Grahn (Alexis Davis, General Hospital)
Michelle Stafford (Phyllis Abbott, The Young and the Restless)
Maura West (Carly Snyder, As the World Turns)
Kim Zimmer (Reva Lewis, Guiding Light)
Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
William deVry (Michael Cambias, All My Children)
Rick Hearst (Ric Lansing, General Hospital)
Christian LeBlanc (Michael Baldwin, The Young and the Restless)
Ron Raines (Alan Spaulding, Guiding Light)
James Reynolds (Abe Carver, Days of Our Lives)
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Kathy Brier (Marcie Walsh, One Life to Live)
Sharon Case (Sharon Newman, The Young and the Restless)
Ilene Kristen (Roxy Balsom, One Life to Live)
Cady McClain (Rosanna Cabot, As the World Turns)
Heather Tom (Victoria Newman, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series
Chad Brannon (Zander Smith, General Hospital)
Scott Clifton (Dillon Quartermaine, General Hospital)
Agim Kaba (Aaron Snyder, As the World Turns)
David Lago (Raul Guittierez, The Young and the Restless)
Brian Presley (Jack Ramsey, Port Charles)
Outstanding Younger Actress in a Drama Series
Jennifer Finnigan (Bridget Forrester, The Bold and the Beautiful)
Christel Khalil (Lily Winters, The Young and the Restless)
Eden Riegel (Bianca Montgomery, All My Children)
Alicia Leigh Willis (Courtney Matthews, General Hospital)
Lauren Woodland (Brittany Hodges, The Young and the Restless)
Outstanding Drama Series Writing Team
All My Children
As the World Turns
General Hospital
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Drama Series Directing Team
General Hospital
One Life to Live
Passions
The Young and the Restless
Outstanding Game/Audience Participation Show
Jeopardy!
The Price is Right
Who Wants to be a Millionaire
Outstanding Game Show Host
Bob Barker, The Price is Right
Alex Trebek, Jeopardy!
Meredith Vieira, Who Wants to be a Millionaire
Outstanding Talk Show
Dr. Phil
The Ellen DeGeneres Show
Live With Regis and Kelly
The View
The Wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehouse%20of%20Horror%20II | "Treehouse of Horror II" is the seventh episode of the third season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 31, 1991. It is the second annual Treehouse of Horror episode, consisting of three self-contained segments, told as dreams of Lisa, Bart and Homer and is the only Treehouse of Horror episode to date where each segment name is not stated inside the episode. In the first segment, which was inspired by W. W. Jacobs's short story The Monkey's Paw and The New Twilight Zone episode "A Small Talent for War", Homer buys a Monkey's Paw that has the power to grant wishes, although all the wishes backfire. In the second part, which parodies the Twilight Zone episode "It's a Good Life", Bart is omnipotent, and turns Homer into a jack-in-the-box, resulting in the two spending more time together. In the final segment, Mr. Burns attempts to use Homer's brain to power a giant robotic laborer.
The episode was written by Al Jean, Mike Reiss, Jeff Martin, George Meyer, Sam Simon and John Swartzwelder while Jim Reardon was the director. The episode is presented in a similar format to the previous season's "Treehouse of Horror" and contains several similarities to the previous episode, such as Marge's opening warning, the tombstones in the opening credits and the appearance of the alien characters Kang and Kodos. "Treehouse of Horror II" was the first episode that employed the "scary names" idea, in which many of the credits have unusual names. The episode contains numerous parodies and references to horror and science fiction works, including The Twilight Zone, Frankenstein, Bride of Frankenstein, The Thing with Two Heads and Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
In its original airing on Fox, the episode had a 12.1 Nielsen rating and finished the week ranked 39th. The episode received positive reviews, and in 2006, IGN listed the third story as the eighth best Treehouse of Horror segment. The episode was nominated for two Primetime Emmy Awards: Outstanding Individual Achievement in Sound Mixing for a Comedy Series or a Special and Alf Clausen for Outstanding Music Composition for a Series.
Plot
After eating too much Halloween candy, Homer, Lisa and Bart have nightmares.
In Lisa's nightmare, Homer buys a cursed monkey's paw that will grant its owner four wishes. While he, Bart and Lisa argue, Marge pleads with them to heed the vendor's warning and not use it at all. Despite this, Maggie is granted the first wish: a new pacifier. Bart wishes for the Simpsons to be rich and famous, but the public soon tires of the family's antics and ubiquity. Horrified by the wasteful wishes, Lisa wishes for world peace, but aliens Kang and Kodos enslave the defenseless Earth. Determined to make a harmless wish, Homer demands a turkey sandwich, but the turkey is dry. With all the wishes used, he gives the paw to his neighbor Ned, who wishes for the aliens to leave and transforms his home into a cas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20calculus%20algorithm | In computational number theory, the index calculus algorithm is a probabilistic algorithm for computing discrete logarithms.
Dedicated to the discrete logarithm in where is a prime, index calculus leads to a family of algorithms adapted to finite fields and to some families of elliptic curves. The algorithm collects relations among the discrete logarithms of small primes, computes them by a linear algebra procedure and finally expresses the desired discrete logarithm with respect to the discrete logarithms of small primes.
Description
Roughly speaking, the discrete log problem asks us to find an x such that , where g, h, and the modulus n are given.
The algorithm (described in detail below) applies to the group where q is prime. It requires a factor base as input. This factor base is usually chosen to be the number −1 and the first r primes starting with 2. From the point of view of efficiency, we want this factor base to be small, but in order to solve the discrete log for a large group we require the factor base to be (relatively) large. In practical implementations of the algorithm, those conflicting objectives are compromised one way or another.
The algorithm is performed in three stages. The first two stages depend only on the generator g and prime modulus q, and find the discrete logarithms of a factor base of r small primes. The third stage finds the discrete log of the desired number h in terms of the discrete logs of the factor base.
The first stage consists of searching for a set of r linearly independent relations between the factor base and power of the generator g. Each relation contributes one equation to a system of linear equations in r unknowns, namely the discrete logarithms of the r primes in the factor base. This stage is embarrassingly parallel and easy to divide among many computers.
The second stage solves the system of linear equations to compute the discrete logs of the factor base. A system of hundreds of thousands or millions of equations is a significant computation requiring large amounts of memory, and it is not embarrassingly parallel, so a supercomputer is typically used. This was considered a minor step compared to the others for smaller discrete log computations. However, larger discrete logarithm records were made possible only by shifting the work away from the linear algebra and onto the sieve (i.e., increasing the number of equations while reducing the number of variables).
The third stage searches for a power s of the generator g which, when multiplied by the argument h, may be factored in terms of the factor base gsh = (−1)f0 2f1 3f2···prfr.
Finally, in an operation too simple to really be called a fourth stage, the results of the second and third stages can be rearranged by simple algebraic manipulation to work out the desired discrete logarithm x = f0logg(−1) + f1logg2 + f2logg3 + ··· + frloggpr − s.
The first and third stages are both embarrassingly parallel, and in fact the third sta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising%20network | An online advertising network or ad network is a company that connects advertisers to websites that want to host advertisements. The key function of an ad network is an aggregation of ad supply from publishers and matching it with the advertiser's demand. The phrase "ad network" by itself is media-neutral in the sense that there can be a "Television Ad Network" or a "Print Ad Network", but is increasingly used to mean "online ad network" as the effect of aggregation of publisher ad space and sale to advertisers is most commonly seen in the online space. The fundamental difference between traditional media ad networks and online ad networks is that online ad networks use a central ad server to deliver advertisements to consumers (ad serving), which enables targeting, tracking and reporting of impressions in ways not possible with analog media alternatives.
Overview
The advertising network market is a large and growing market, with Internet advertising revenues expected to grow from $135.42 bn in 2014 to $239.87 bn in 2019. Digital advertising revenues in the United States alone are set to reach $107.30 bn in 2018 which is an 18.7% increase from 2017 ad spend. This growth will result in many new players in the market and encourage acquisitions of ad networks by larger companies that either enter the market or expand their market presence. Currently, there are hundreds of ad networks worldwide and the landscape changes daily.
The inventory of online advertising space comes in many different forms, including space on the desktop and mobile websites, in RSS feeds, blogs, instant messaging applications, mobile apps, adware, e-mails, and other media. The dominant forms of inventory include third-party content websites, which work with advertising networks for either a share of the ad revenues or a fee, as well as search engines, mobile, and online video resources.
An advertiser can buy a run of network package, or a run of category package within the network. The advertising network serves advertisements from its central ad server, which responds to a site once a page is called. A snippet of code is called from the ad server, that represents the advertising banner.
Large publishers often sell only their remnant inventory through ad networks. Typical numbers range from 10% to 60% of total inventory being remnant and sold through advertising networks.
Smaller publishers often sell all of their inventory through ad networks. One type of ad network, known as a blind network, is such that advertisers place ads, but do not know the exact places where their ads are being placed.
Types
There are several criteria for categorizing advertising networks. In particular, the company's business strategy, as well as the quality of the networks' traffic and volume of inventory can serve as bases for categorization.
Based on business strategy
Online advertising networks can be divided into three groups based on how they work with advertisers and publishers:
Ve |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDI | WDI may refer to:
Walt Disney Imagineering
Web data integration
Windows Diagnostic Infrastructure, a component of Microsoft Windows
Wood Destroying Insect
World Development Indicators, a World Bank database
Workforce Development Institute
Women's Declaration International |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructor%20%28video%20game%29 | Constructor is a 1997 video game released originally for MS-DOS computers and later ported to the PlayStation, macOS and Microsoft Windows-native DirectX 3. It was developed by System 3 and published by Acclaim Entertainment.
In the game, packed with humorous undertones, the player controls a construction company in a map split between several estates, and must deal with other teams to win the game.
On July 31, 2015, System 3 announced that Constructor was getting an HD re-release on consoles and PC in 2016, but it was delayed to May 26, 2017.
Gameplay
The player controls a construction company, and aim to drive the other players out of business. Using teams of workers and foremen, the player must build facilities to manufacture building materials (a sawmill, concrete works, etc.), in order to build houses (ranging from simple wooden cabins to large mansions) in which to house tenants who pay rent and thus fund the company, as well as producing new workers, tenants and other characters. Along the way, the player can build homes for undesirables such as gangsters and hippies, who work to undermine the enemy.
Development
Constructor's development was first revealed in a January 1991 issue of The One, where the player's role was described as "You play an architect on a planet subject to freak weather conditions. Like Jupiter it has a huge red spot which revolves every hundred years flattening everything in its path. While not being good news for most of the inhabitants of the planet it is very good news for you and your fellow architects ... From your sophisticated office console you control the planning and building of building of new properties and then attract the right sort of tenants to them." More information regarding Constructor was to be announced in the first quarter of 1992, but its development was delayed.
Fergus McGovern of Probe Entertainment said in 1997, "[Constructor] was a project that we'd been after for a long time, but it was originally with Warner. When they were going through some problems, we jumped in and snapped it up. We've been working on it ever since."
Releases
The game was originally released for MS-DOS computers in 1997.
Ports
The game was later ported to the PlayStation, Mac OS and Windows-native Directxx3.
On January 14, 2010, System 3 Software re-released Constructor for Sony PSP and PS3 systems in Europe via the PlayStation Network.
A remake of the original was heading to tablets and other platforms in 2013. On March 29, 2013, it was announced that Constructor would make a return and also debut on tablets.
A HD version of Constructor was announced by System 3 on July 31, 2015. It was originally planned to be released on January 29, 2016, but was delayed six times. It was first delayed until April 29, 2016, then postponed to late summer 2016, January 31, 2017, February 28, 2017, April 28, 2017 with a new projected date of May 26, 2017, on PC, PS4 and Xbox One, with a Nintendo Switch version to be rele |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%20Clayton | Joshua Kit Clayton, better known by his stage name Kit Clayton, is a San Francisco-based electronic and digital musician and computer programmer. He is a developer at San Francisco software company Cycling '74, helping create the Max/MSP MIDI/audio programming environment. He is also a significant contributor to Jitter, the multi-dimensional data set processing and visualizing architecture for audio, video, and 3D graphics (part of the Max multimedia package). Clayton uses Max, MSP, and Jitter extensively in his own abstract musical compositions, which have been described as including aspects of ambient computer music and glitch.
In 2000 Clayton founded and operated his own label, Orthlorng Musork. Musork released seminal works by AGF, Akira Rabelais, Alejandra and Aeron, Kevin Blechdom, Blevin Blectum, Blectum from Blechdom, Eight Frozen Modules, Gold Chains, Secret Mommy, Stephan Mathieu, Sutekh, Timeblind, and others, until closing in 2004. Musork announced its final release and the closing of label operations with the following statement:
"Why do we stop? The simple and honest truth is that we want to devote our time to other creative things. We still love music and we will still be active and supportive of the scene. We aren't in financial ruin, we don't think p2p networks have destroyed the music industry, we don't only want to listen to country western, we just want to take on other projects with as much love and intensity as we did this one."
He continues to compose, perform and develop Max/MSP, and Jitter.
Clayton graduated from Wesleyan University, where he studied electronic music and computer science.
References
External links
Kit Clayton's personal site
Live Kit Clayton Reviews
American electronic musicians
Wesleyan University alumni
Living people
American computer programmers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Carpark Records artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Easley | Annie Jean Easley (April 23, 1933 – June 25, 2011) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and rocket scientist. She worked for the Lewis Research Center (now Glenn Research Center) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and its predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). She was a leading member of the team which developed software for the Centaur rocket stage, and was one of the first African-Americans to work at NASA. Easley was posthumously inducted into the Glenn Research Hall of Fame in 2015. On February 1, 2021, a crater on the Moon was named after Easley by the IAU.
Education
Before the Civil Rights Movement, educational and career opportunities for African-American children were very limited. Segregation was prevalent, African-American children were educated separately from white children, and their schools were often inferior to white schools. Annie's mother told her that she could be anything, but she would have to work at it. She encouraged Annie to get a good education. From the fifth grade through high school, Annie attended Holy Family High School, and was valedictorian of her graduating class. At a young age Annie had interest in becoming a nurse, but around the age of 16 she decided to study pharmacy.
In 1950, Easley enrolled in classes at Xavier University in New Orleans, an African-American Catholic university, and majored in pharmacy for about two years.
In 1977, she obtained a Bachelor of Science in Mathematics from Cleveland State University.
Career
In 1955, Easley read a story in a local newspaper about twin sisters who worked for the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) as "computers". She applied for a job the next day, and was hired two weeks later - one of four African Americans out of about 2500 employees. She began her career as computer at the NACA Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (which became NASA Lewis Research Center, 1958–1999, and subsequently the John H. Glenn Research Center) in Cleveland, Ohio. Later after electronic computers started being used at NASA her title changed to mathematician and computer technician. Even with a degree, at NASA, Easley also had to complete internal specialization courses to be considered a professional. Easley was denied financial aid that other employees received for education, without explanation from the agency. She also noted that she did not feel that her pay was very high when she first started with two years of college. Although she was promised a GS-3 in her interview, her first paycheck was a GS-2, and when she questioned it she was told there were no more GS-3s available.
Easley's outreach for minorities did not end with her volunteer work at college career days. At NASA she took upon herself to be an Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) counselor. This was one of the formal ways that she helped her supervisors at NASA address discrimination complaints from all levels. She was also part of a re |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treehouse%20of%20Horror%20III | "Treehouse of Horror III" is the fifth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 29, 1992. The third annual Treehouse of Horror episode, it features segments in which Homer buys Bart an evil talking doll, Homer is a giant ape which is captured by Mr. Burns in a parody of the 1933 version of King Kong, and Bart and Lisa inadvertently cause zombies to attack Springfield.
The episode was written by Al Jean, Mike Reiss, Jay Kogen, Wallace Wolodarsky, Sam Simon, and Jon Vitti, and directed by Carlos Baeza.
Plot
The episode's wraparound segment shows the Simpson family having a Halloween party for the children of Springfield. Lisa, Grampa, and Bart each tell a horror story.
In Lisa's story, "Clown Without Pity", Homer buys a cursed Krusty the Clown doll as a last-minute birthday present for Bart. After the doll makes numerous attempts on Homer's life, he captures the doll, locks it in a suitcase, and drops it in a "Bottomless Pit". Returning home, Homer is ambushed by the escaped doll, who tackles him into the kitchen and tries to drown him in a dog bowl. Marge calls the consumer service hotline. A repairman arrives and discovers that the doll has been set to "evil" mode. He flips the switch to "good" and the Krusty doll becomes friends with Homer, although it is quickly put to work as Homer's slave.
In Grampa's story, "King Homer", inspired by Grampa watching lots of movies, Marge joins Mr. Burns and Mr. Smithers on an expedition to Ape Island as bait for the legendary giant ape King Homer in 1936. The natives of Ape Island capture Marge and tie her to a post as an offering for King Homer, who is summoned by the sound of drums. Marge is initially terrified but sees the friendly side of Homer, and the two form a friendship. Nonetheless, Mr. Burns is determined to capture King Homer and Smithers knocks Homer unconscious with a gas bomb. Returning to Springfield, the group display King Homer at a theater. The photographers' flashes enrage King Homer, who breaks free from his restraints. He abducts Marge and attempts to climb a skyscraper, but is unable to get past the second story of the building and collapses in exhaustion. In the end, King Homer and Marge get married.
In Bart's story, "Dial "Z" for Zombies", Bart finds a book of black magic in Springfield Elementary Library when he is asked to write a book report for class. That night, he tries to resurrect the family's dead cat, Snowball I, but accidentally reanimates corpses from the nearby human cemetery instead. The zombies terrorize Springfield, turning many people into zombies. Aided by Homer wielding a shotgun, Lisa and Bart find a book at the library to cast the appropriate counter-spell, causing all of the zombies to return to their graves.
Production
This episode originally encountered trouble when the color version came back from South Korea. With only six weeks to the air |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Pedway | The Chicago Pedway is a network of tunnels, ground-level concourses and bridges connecting skyscrapers, retail stores, hotels, and train stations throughout the central business district of Chicago, Illinois.
With a length of more than 40 downtown blocks, it contains shops, restaurants, and public art and helps pedestrians in inclement weather. Most connections to the pedway are commercial or government buildings, including hotels. Columbus Plaza, The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Park Millennium, 200 North Dearborn Apartments, and Aqua are the only residential buildings connected to the pedway.
History
The oldest portions of the Pedway, aside from the interiors of some included buildings, are the corridors between State and Dearborn Streets, linking Chicago Transit Authority's Red Line and Blue Line stations at Washington and Lake Streets and at Jackson Street. These were constructed with the subways; while the completion and outfitting of the Blue Line under Dearborn Street were interrupted by rationing in World War II, the two mezzanine connector tunnels were opened and linked the Red Line under State Street to the sidewalks of Dearborn Street.
Construction on the pedway proper began in 1951 and has continued since then, especially after expansion was included in both 1968's Transit Planning Study: Chicago Central Area and the Chicago 21 Plan introduced in 1973.
The smaller but more elaborate eastern section of the pedway, connecting the Illinois Center buildings, Hyatt Regency, Fairmont Hotel, Swissôtel, and (later) Aqua, are indirectly accessible from the main (Loop-centric) pedway network, as each is linked to one end of the Metra Electric Line rail platforms. Since the Regional Transportation Authority's removal of the turnstiles in November 2003, the two large pedway sections have been united by the platforms.
The southern reach of the main network was reduced when the 2nd floor passage across Madison Street, linking Three First National Plaza with Bank One Plaza (now Chase Tower), was removed after the two buildings restricted public access to upper levels. The tunnels between Chase Tower and Two First National Plaza remain but are closed to the general public. Chase Tower is still connected to the Blue Line subway and to the restaurant structure in the south-west corner of the adjoining Exelon Plaza, and public access is permitted during workday hours.
In December 2013, 22 stained glass panels were installed on the wall opposite the entrance to Macy's food court, in a collaboration with the Smith Museum of Stained Glass Windows; these remain in place, although the museum has closed. The Environmental Law and Policy Center plans to install more art exhibits and a public library as part of a revitalization of the Pedway.
Numerous smaller pedways throughout the central business district are not connected to the main network. These include the tunnel below Quincy Street and the Dirksen Federal Courthouse, connecting the Red and B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoonTV | MoonTV was a free Finnish cable network channel. It started off as a channel for programmes about computer and video games but later grew into a channel covering several areas of youth culture. In its prime it was the first interactive TV channel in the world. At its best MoonTV could reach 1.3 million potential viewers in the 12 biggest cities across Finland. In 2003 the channel was shut down after the company that owned it filed for bankruptcy.
MoonTV was relaunched in 2010 online with new hosts and a new program line-up.
People
Mika Koivula and Hannu and Pekka Kossila were the founding members of MoonTV. Koivula came up with the name "MoonTV" back in 1996. Pekka Kossila was in charge of creating economical interactive TV formats which were the core of the channel when it started its test broadcasts in November 1996. Hannu Kossila, CEO, took care of the marketing and expansion of the channel.
MoonTV is noted for bringing forth youth-icon and political representative Wallu Valpio former member of the music group "Arto Muna ja Millennium Orkesteri".
Programming and production style
The programs were shot primarily around the city of Helsinki, with occasional programming such as concert events and E3 shot elsewhere. If shows were not hosted at MoonTV's studios they were usually shot at public locales. MoonTV employees were notorious for relying heavily on guerilla shoots (shooting without permits). This was poked fun at in the early airings in commercials which showed candid footage of a police-car chasing the film crew. For these reasons certain inserts were usually hosted at playgrounds or inside clubs or restaurants. As MoonTV became better recognised such problems with shooting became less of an issue.
MoonTV gathered the support of several Finnish musical artists who would regularly shoot inserts and commercials for the show. Most noticeably Jimi Pääkallo's "Se on ihmisten tekemä" (It's made by humans) insert became extremely popular amongst viewers. Pääkallo was also a regular guest and even shot a commercial for the channel's cooking show Musta Pippuri.
MoonTV's initial purpose was to be, according to channel's co-founder Pekka Kossila, a 24/7 video game-oriented channel. Originally channel's programs were very short, sometimes only 15 minutes, but with the introduction of more youth-oriented programs the average show-length became 30 minutes (with commercials). MoonTV's programming was updated weekly (originally on Mondays, later on Thursdays) and this meant that reruns of any show could be seen several times daily like in today's movie or music channels. However, there were several programmes like the entertainment and sport news that were updated on a daily basis via the Web. Aivoradio (Brain Radio), a 15-minute news and current events programme was the only show to be updated daily, but appeared only for a brief time very late into MoonTV's existence.
Being a completely computer-run channel MoonTV was prone to various technic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Init | In Unix-based computer operating systems, init (short for initialization) is the first process started during booting of the operating system. Init is a daemon process that continues running until the system is shut down. It is the direct or indirect ancestor of all other processes and automatically adopts all orphaned processes. Init is started by the kernel during the booting process; a kernel panic will occur if the kernel is unable to start it, or it should die for any reason. Init is typically assigned process identifier 1.
In Unix systems such as System III and System V, the design of init has diverged from the functionality provided by the init in Research Unix and its BSD derivatives. Up until recently, most Linux distributions employed a traditional init that was somewhat compatible with System V, while some distributions such as Slackware use BSD-style startup scripts, and others such as Gentoo have their own customized versions.
Since then, several additional init implementations have been created, attempting to address design limitations in the traditional versions. These include launchd, the Service Management Facility, systemd, Runit and OpenRC.
Research Unix-style/BSD-style
Research Unix init runs the initialization shell script located at /etc/rc, then launches getty on terminals under the control of /etc/ttys. There are no runlevels; the /etc/rc file determines what programs are run by init. The advantage of this system is that it is simple and easy to edit manually. However, new software added to the system may require changes to existing files that risk producing an unbootable system.
BSD init was, prior to 4.3BSD, the same as Research UNIX's init; in 4.3BSD, it added support for running a windowing system such as X on graphical terminals under the control of /etc/ttys. To remove the requirement to edit /etc/rc, BSD variants have long supported a site-specific /etc/rc.local file that is run in a sub-shell near the end of the boot sequence.
A fully modular system was introduced with NetBSD 1.5 and ported to FreeBSD 5.0 and successors. This system executes scripts in the /etc/rc.d directory. Unlike System V's script ordering, which is derived from the filename of each script, this system uses explicit dependency tags placed within each script. The order in which scripts are executed is determined by the rcorder utility based on the requirements stated in these tags.
SysV-style
When compared to its predecessors, AT&T's UNIX System III introduced a new style of system startup configuration, which survived (with modifications) into UNIX System V and is therefore called the "SysV-style init".
At any moment, a running System V is in one of the predetermined number of states, called runlevels. At least one runlevel is the normal operating state of the system; typically, other runlevels represent single-user mode (used for repairing a faulty system), system shutdown, and various other states. Switching from one runlevel to ano |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commercial%20broadcasting | Commercial broadcasting (also called private broadcasting) is the broadcasting of television programs and radio programming by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to state sponsorship, for example. It was the United States' first model of radio (and later television) during the 1920s, in contrast with the public television model in Europe during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s, which prevailed worldwide, except in the United States, Mexico, and Brazil, until the 1980s.
Features
Advertising
Commercial broadcasting is primarily based on the practice of airing radio advertisements and television advertisements for profit. This is in contrast to public broadcasting, which receives government subsidies and usually does not have paid advertising interrupting the show. During pledge drives, some public broadcasters will interrupt shows to ask for donations.
In the United States, non-commercial educational (NCE) television and radio exists in the form of community radio; however, premium cable services such as HBO and Showtime generally operate solely on subscriber fees and do not sell advertising. This is also the case for the portions of the two major satellite radio systems that are produced in-house (mainly music programming).
Radio broadcasting originally began without paid commercials. As time went on, however, advertisements seemed less objectionable to both the public and government regulators and became more common. While commercial broadcasting was unexpected in radio, in television it was planned due to commercial radio's success. Television began with commercial sponsorship and later transformed to paid commercial time. When problems arose over patents and corporate marketing strategies, regulatory decisions were made by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to control commercial broadcasting.
Paid programming
Commercial broadcasting overlaps with paid services such as cable television, radio and satellite television. Such services are generally partially or wholly paid for by local subscribers and is known as leased access. Other programming (particularly on cable television) is produced by companies operating in much the same manner as advertising-funded commercial broadcasters, and they (and often the local cable provider) sell commercial time in a similar manner.
The FCC's interest in program control began with the chain-broadcasting investigation of the late 1930s, culminating in the "Blue Book" of 1946, Public Service Responsibility For Broadcast Licensees. The Blue Book differentiated between mass-appeal sponsored programs and unsponsored "sustaining" programs offered by the radio networks. This sustained programming, according to the Blue Book, had five features serving the public interest:
Sustaining programs balanced the broadcast schedule, supplementing the soap operas and popular-music programs receiving the highest ratings and most commercial sponsors
They allowed for the broadcast of programs which, by their co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Medication%20Algorithm%20Project | The Texas Medication Algorithm Project (TMAP) is a decision-tree medical algorithm, the design of which was based on the expert opinions of mental health specialists. It has provided and rolled out a set of psychiatric management guidelines for doctors treating certain mental disorders within Texas' publicly funded mental health care system, along with manuals relating to each of them. The algorithms commence after diagnosis and cover pharmacological treatment (hence "Medication Algorithm").
History
TMAP was initiated in the fall of 1997 and the initial research covered around 500 patients.
TMAP arose from a collaboration that began in 1995 between the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TDMHMR), pharmaceutical companies, and the University of Texas Southwestern. The research was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Meadows Foundation, the Lightner-Sams Foundation, the Nanny Hogan Boyd Charitable Trust, TDMHMR, the Center for Mental Health Services, the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Health Services Research and Development Research Career Scientist Award, the United States Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc. and Mental Health Connections.
Numerous companies that invent and develop antipsychotic medications provided use of their medications and furnished funding for the project. Companies did not participate in the production of the guidelines.
In 2004 TMAP was mentioned as an example of a successful project in a paper regarding implementing mental health screening programs throughout the United States, by the President George W. Bush's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, which looks to expand the program federally. The President had previously been Governor of Texas, in the period when TMAP was implemented. Similar programs have been implemented in about a dozen States, according to a 2004 report in the British Medical Journal.
Similar algorithms with similar prescribing advice have been produced elsewhere, for instance at the Maudsley Hospital, London.
References
External links
MentalHealthCommission.gov - President's New Freedom Commission on Mental Health (official US government website)
Health informatics
Treatment of mental disorders
Drugs in the United States
Mental disorders screening and assessment tools |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Perlin | Kenneth H. Perlin is a professor in the Department of Computer Science at New York University, founding director of the Media Research Lab at NYU, director of the Future Reality Lab at NYU, and the Director of the Games for Learning Institute. He holds a BA. degree in Theoretical Mathematics from Harvard University (7/1979), a MS degree in Computer Science from the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University (6/1984), and a PhD degree in Computer Science from the same institution (2/1986). His research interests include graphics, animation, multimedia, and science education. He developed or was involved with the development of techniques such as Perlin noise, real-time interactive character animation, and computer-user interfaces. He is best known for the development of Perlin noise and Simplex noise, both of which are algorithms for realistic-looking Gradient noise.
He is a collaborator of the World Building Institute.
Awards
In 1996, K. Perlin received an Academy Award for Technical Achievement from the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, for the development of Perlin noise. He had introduced this technique with the goal to produce natural-appearing textures on computer-generated surfaces for motion picture visual effects, while working on the Walt Disney Productions' 1982 feature film TRON for which he had developed a large part of the software.
See also
Perlin noise
Quikwriting
Simplex noise
References
External links
Ken Perlin's NYU home page
Ken Perlin's WebLog
Ken Perlin as Featured Speaker at SIGGRAPH Asia 2011
Living people
American computer scientists
Computer graphics professionals
Computer graphics researchers
Human–computer interaction researchers
Harvard University alumni
New York University alumni
New York University faculty
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical%20algorithm | A medical algorithm is any computation, formula, statistical survey, nomogram, or look-up table, useful in healthcare. Medical algorithms include decision tree approaches to healthcare treatment (e.g., if symptoms A, B, and C are evident, then use treatment X) and also less clear-cut tools aimed at reducing or defining uncertainty. A medical prescription is also a type of medical algorithm.
Scope
Medical algorithms are part of a broader field which is usually fit under the aims of medical informatics and medical decision-making. Medical decisions occur in several areas of medical activity including medical test selection, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis, and automatic control of medical equipment.
In relation to logic-based and artificial neural network-based clinical decision support systems, which are also computer applications used in the medical decision-making field, algorithms are less complex in architecture, data structure and user interface. Medical algorithms are not necessarily implemented using digital computers. In fact, many of them can be represented on paper, in the form of diagrams, nomographs, etc.
Examples
A wealth of medical information exists in the form of published medical algorithms. These algorithms range from simple calculations to complex outcome predictions. Most clinicians use only a small subset routinely.
Examples of medical algorithms are:
Calculators, e.g. an on-line or stand-alone calculator for body mass index (BMI) when stature and body weight are given;
Flowcharts and drakon-charts, e.g. a binary decision tree for deciding what is the etiology of chest pain
Look-up tables, e.g. for looking up food energy and nutritional contents of foodstuffs
Nomograms, e.g. a moving circular slide to calculate body surface area or drug dosages.
A common class of algorithms are embedded in guidelines on the choice of treatments produced by many national, state, financial and local healthcare organisations and provided as knowledge resources for day to day use and for induction of new physicians. A field which has gained particular attention is the choice of medications for psychiatric conditions. In the United Kingdom, guidelines or algorithms for this have been produced by most of the circa 500 primary care trusts, substantially all of the circa 100 secondary care psychiatric units and many of the circa 10 000 general practices. In the US, there is a national (federal) initiative to provide them for all states, and by 2005 six states were adapting the approach of the Texas Medication Algorithm Project or otherwise working on their production.
A grammar—the Arden syntax—exists for describing algorithms in terms of medical logic modules. An approach such as this should allow exchange of MLMs between doctors and establishments, and enrichment of the common stock of tools.
Purpose
The intended purpose of medical algorithms is to improve and standardize decisions made in the delivery of medical care. Medical algorit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golf%20Channel | Golf Channel (also verbally referred to as simply "Golf" or "NBC Golf") is an American sports television network owned by the NBC Sports Group division of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. Founded in Birmingham, Alabama, it is currently based out of NBC Sports' headquarters in Stamford, Connecticut.
The channel focuses on coverage of the sport of golf, including live coverage of tournaments, as well as factual and instructional programming. It is the cable television rightsholder of the PGA Tour, LPGA Tour, and PGA European Tour, and also holds rights to selected USGA tournaments and the NCAA Division I golf championships. Since 2016, it has also participated in NBC's coverage of the Summer Olympics, focusing on its golf competitions.
Via the Golf Channel unit, Comcast also owns other golf-related businesses, including the course reservation service GolfNow, online golf instruction provider Revolution Golf, and the World Long Drive Championship. Some of these associated properties operate from the network's former home of Orlando, Florida.
, Golf Channel was available to approximately 70.3 million pay television households (76.2% of households with cable) in the United States. , the channel was available in 61.0 million homes.
History
The idea of a 24-hour golf network came from media entrepreneur Joseph E. Gibbs of Birmingham, Alabama, who first thought of such a concept in 1991. Gibbs felt there was enough interest in golf among the public to support such a network, and commissioned a Gallup Poll to see if his instincts were correct. With the support of the polling behind him, Gibbs and legendary golfer Arnold Palmer then secured $80 million in financing from several cable television providers (including Adelphia Communications Corporation, Cablevision Industries, Comcast, Continental Cablevision, Newhouse, and the Times Mirror Company) to launch the network, which was among the first subscription networks developed to cover one singular sport.
Announced in February 1993, the launch date was targeted for May 1994; and it was launched on January 17, 1995 as The Golf Channel with a ceremonial flip of the switch by co-founder Arnold Palmer. The first live tournament the channel televised was the Dubai Desert Classic, held January 19–22. Originally a premium channel with limited subscribers, it retooled in September 1995 to be part of basic-tier pay TV to reach more viewers, and ratings rapidly increased. In 1996, Fox Cable Networks acquired a minority stake in the channel for $50 million.
From 1999 to 2001, Golf Channel held part of the PGA Tour's cable rights for early-round coverage. To boost their availability, Golf Channel reached an agreement with Fox Sports Networks (FSN) to air simulcasts of the coverage. In 2002, Golf Channel lost its rights to the main PGA Tour, but gained rights to the developmental Buy.com Tour.
Acquisition by Comcast
In 2001, Fox sold its 30.9% stake in Golf Channel, as well as its stake in Outdoor Life N |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPOC | EPOC may be:
Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption
Emotiv EPOC, consumer brain–computer interface devices for PC.
EPOC (operating system), the precursor OS to the Symbian operating system
Efficient Probabilistic Public-Key Encryption Scheme
The Electric Power Optimization Centre
EPoC - Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) Protocol over Coax
cs:EPOC
de:EPOC
it:EPOC
nl:EPOC
pl:EPOC
pt:EPOC
ru:EPOC
sv:EPOC |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Congress%20on%20Surveying%20and%20Mapping | The American Congress on Surveying and Mapping (ACSM) was an American professional association representing the interests of those engaged in measuring and communicating geospatial data.
Originally, it was composed of four organizations:
American Association for Geodetic Surveying (AAGS)
National Society of Professional Surveyors (NSPS)
Cartographic and Geographic Information Society (CaGIS)
Geographic and Land Information Society (GLIS)
During the 2000s, CaGIS and GLIS removed themselves from ACSM; in 2012, ACSM legally merged into the NSPS, while AAGS remained separate.
It published the bimonthly ACSM Bulletin, no longer in publication.
ACSM also published the quarterly Surveying and Land Information Science (SaLIS) technical journal, now officially published by the AAGS.
See also
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
ALTA Survey
Canadian Institute of Geomatics
International Federation of Surveyors
References
External links
Official website
The American Association for Geodetic Surveying Official website
The National Society of Professional Surveyors, Inc. Official website
Professional associations based in the United States
Surveying organizations
Geographic data and information organizations in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XDarwin | XDarwin is an obsolete X Window System (X11) display server for the Darwin operating system and early versions of Mac OS X. XDarwin allows one to use programs written for X11 on those operating systems.
XDarwin was ported by the XonX project, an offshoot project created by XFree86 developers. It is integrated in the upstream source code of the XFree86 and Xorg servers, where it is maintained.
Originally, XDarwin required an X window manager to run. For this task, a window manager called OroborOSX was created; this was based on Oroborus, another X window manager, but modified to look like the native Mac OS window manager. More recent versions of XDarwin can also run in rootless mode, which is to say that it integrates with the native window manager instead of requiring such a program specifically for X.
Before the introduction of Apple's X11.app, XDarwin was the only X11 server available for OS X. According to the XonX project, X11.app itself contains code from XDarwin. Programs such as OpenOffice.org use XDarwin to run in the X11 windowing environment, either in a rootless or full-screen mode. A version of the program was created for Mac OS X Panther or higher that runs in the native Aqua interface.
See also
MacX – X11 support on Classic Mac OS
External links
X.org – Official home of the X Window System
X on Darwin and Mac OS X from X11R7.0 documentation
XonX project
OroborOSX
X servers
Discontinued software |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector | Cylinder-head-sector (CHS) is an early method for giving addresses to each physical block of data on a hard disk drive.
It is a 3D-coordinate system made out of a vertical coordinate head, a horizontal (or radial) coordinate cylinder, and an angular coordinate sector. Head selects a circular surface: a platter in the disk (and one of its two sides). Cylinder is a cylindrical intersection through the stack of platters in a disk, centered around the disk's spindle. Combined, cylinder and head intersect to a circular line, or more precisely: a circular strip of physical data blocks called track. Sector finally selects which data block in this track is to be addressed, as the track is subdivided into several equally-sized portions, each of which is an arc of (360/n) degrees, where n is the number of sectors in the track.
CHS addresses were exposed, instead of simple linear addresses (going from 0 to the total block count on disk - 1), because early hard drives didn't come with an embedded disk controller, that would hide the physical layout. A separate generic controller card was used, so that the operating system had to know the exact physical "geometry" of the specific drive attached to the controller, to correctly address data blocks. The traditional limits were 512 bytes/sector × 63 sectors/track × 255 heads (tracks/cylinder) × 1024 cylinders, resulting in a limit of 8032.5 MiB for the total capacity of a disk.
As the geometry became more complicated (for example, with the introduction of zone bit recording) and drive sizes grew over time, the CHS addressing method became restrictive. Since the late 1980s, hard drives began shipping with an embedded disk controller that had good knowledge of the physical geometry; they would however report a false geometry to the computer, e.g., a larger number of heads than actually present, to gain more addressable space. These logical CHS values would be translated by the controller, thus CHS addressing no longer corresponded to any physical attributes of the drive.
By the mid 1990s, hard drive interfaces replaced the CHS scheme with logical block addressing (LBA), but many tools for manipulating the master boot record (MBR) partition table still aligned partitions to cylinder boundaries; thus, artifacts of CHS addressing were still seen in partitioning software by the late 2000s.
In the early 2010s, the disk size limitations imposed by MBR became problematic and the GUID Partition Table (GPT) was designed as a replacement; modern computers using UEFI firmware without MBR support no longer use any notions from CHS addressing.
Definitions
CHS addressing is the process of identifying individual sectors (aka. physical block of data) on a disk by their position in a track, where the track is determined by the head and cylinder numbers. The terms are explained bottom up, for disk addressing the sector is the smallest unit. Disk controllers can introduce address translations to map logical to physical positio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Vall%C3%A9e | Jacques Fabrice Vallée (; born September 24, 1939) is an Internet pioneer, computer scientist, venture capitalist, author, ufologist and astronomer currently residing in San Francisco, California and Paris, France.
His scientific career began as a professional astronomer at the Paris Observatory. Vallée co-developed the first computerized map of Mars for NASA in 1963. He later worked on the network information center for the ARPANET, a precursor to the modern Internet, as a staff engineer of SRI International's Augmentation Research Center under Douglas Engelbart.
Vallée is also an important figure in the study of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), first noted for a defense of the scientific legitimacy of the extraterrestrial hypothesis and later for promoting the interdimensional hypothesis.
Early life
Vallée was born in Pontoise, France in 1939. He completed his undergraduate degree in mathematics at the University of Paris in 1959 and received the equivalent of an MS in astrophysics from the University of Lille Nord de France in 1961. He began his professional life as an astronomer at the Paris Observatory in 1961. He was awarded the Jules Verne Prize for his first science fiction novel, Le Sub-espace (1961), published under the pseudonym of Jérôme Sériel.
Academic and business career
Vallée moved to the United States in 1962 and began working as a research associate in astronomy under Gérard de Vaucouleurs at the University of Texas at Austin. While at McDonald Observatory, he compiled NASA's first detailed informational map of Mars with de Vaucouleurs.
In 1963, Vallée relocated to Chicago, Illinois. He was initially employed as a systems analyst at nearby Northwestern University while continuing to pursue non-institutional ufological research with his mentor, J. Allen Hynek, the chair of the University's astronomy department. Professionally, he began to conduct early artificial intelligence research and received a PhD in industrial engineering and computer science from the institution in 1967. Thereafter, he briefly worked for Royal Dutch Shell (in Paris) and the RCA Service Company (in Cherry Hill, New Jersey) as an engineer before joining the Stanford University Computer Center as manager of information systems in 1969. In 1970, Vallée became a consultant to Stanford applied physicist Peter A. Sturrock's Institute for Plasma Research. Upon learning that Vallée had written several books about UFOs, Sturrock felt a professional obligation to peruse Vallée's work, prompting his own research in the subject.
In 1971, Vallée left Stanford to join the Engelbart group as a senior research engineer. His tenure at ARC coincided with the group's immersion in Erhard Seminars Training and other social experiments, ultimately prompting his departure. While at the Institute for the Future as a senior research fellow from 1972 to 1976, he succeeded Paul Baran as principal investigator on the large National Science Foundation project for computer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exposed%20node%20problem | In wireless networks, the exposed node problem occurs when a node is prevented from sending packets to other nodes because of co-channel interference with a neighboring transmitter. Consider an example of four nodes labeled R1, S1, S2, and R2, where the two receivers (R1, R2) are out of range of each other, yet the two transmitters (S1, S2) in the middle are in range of each other. Here, if a transmission between S1 and R1 is taking place, node S2 is prevented from transmitting to R2 as it concludes after carrier sense that it will interfere with the transmission by its neighbor S1. However note that R2 could still receive the transmission of S2 without interference because it is out of range of S1.
IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS mechanism helps to solve this problem only if the nodes are synchronized and packet sizes and data rates are the same for both the transmitting nodes. When a node hears an RTS from a neighboring node, but not the corresponding CTS, that node can deduce that it is an exposed node and is permitted to transmit to other neighboring nodes.
If the nodes are not synchronised (or if the packet sizes are different or the data rates are different) the problem may occur that the sender will not hear the CTS or the ACK during the transmission of data of the second sender.
The exposed node problem is not an issue in cellular networks as the power and distance between cells is controlled to avoid it.
See also
Hidden node problem
IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS
Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance for Wireless (MACAW)
References
Further reading
Wireless networking
E |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesia%20%28video%20game%29 | Synthesia is a piano keyboard trainer for Microsoft Windows, iOS, macOS, and Android which allows users to play a MIDI keyboard or use a computer keyboard in time to a MIDI file by following on-screen directions, much in the style of Keyboard Mania or Guitar Hero. Additionally, Synthesia can be paired with MIDI keyboards that have illuminated keys, or with virtual player piano on screen, which some people believe makes learning piano easier for beginners. It was originally named Piano Hero, due to the similarity of gameplay with Guitar Hero; this was until Activision (the owners of the rights to Guitar Hero) sent a cease and desist to the program's creator, Nicholas Piegdon.
History
Synthesia was started around 2006 by Nicholas Piegdon, and was originally named "Piano Hero". Hosted as an open-source project on SourceForge, it was released under the MIT license.
The program was originally for Windows-only, but after a donation drive in early 2007, it was ported to Mac OS X. An open source fork for Linux called Linthesia also exists, which is used as a base of other forks to fix compilation issues on recent Linux systems.
Cease and desist letter
In a letter dated 26 March 2007, Activision requested that Piegdon "immediately cease any and all use of the "Piano Hero" name in connection with the distribution and promotion of [his] video game and agree not to use such in the future". Piegdon responded by hosting a contest for a new name for the project, resulting in the name, Synthesia, suggested by Daniel Lawrence.
Continued development as closed-source project
After May 2012, Piegdon decided to stop releasing the source code, as he saw the potential commercial value of the program. However the last open-source release version 0.6.1b is still available for download.
In the continued commercial version the basic functionality was still freeware.
A "Learning Pack" key could be purchased to unlock the freemium additional features, such as a sheet music display mode.
In December 2014, with Version 10 of Synthesia, the ability to use the program without purchasing it was removed, with the exception of several playable included demo MIDIs. However, an older version can still be downloaded, thus still being able to use the program for free.
Features
Synthesia has support for playing custom MIDI and MusicXML files, as well as linking with MIDI controllers. Synthesia will rate the player's performance afterwards, and give a score which can be submitted to an online scoreboard. Synthesia also has a paid "Learning Pack" that allows users to view music in musical notation, as well as multiple practice features, such as "Melody Practice" which pauses the piece whenever the user misses a note, and only continues when the right note is played.
See also
Scorewriter
List of music software
References
External links
Original Piano Hero project page
2006 video games
Android (operating system) games
Computer music software
Formerly free software
IOS games
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhapsody%20%28operating%20system%29 | Rhapsody is an operating system that was developed by Apple Computer after its purchase of NeXT in the late 1990s. It is the fifth major release of the Mach-based operating system that was developed at NeXT in the late 1980s, previously called OPENSTEP and NEXTSTEP. Rhapsody was targeted to developers for a transition period between the Classic Mac OS and Mac OS X. Rhapsody represented a new and exploratory strategy for Apple, more than an operating system, and runs on x86-based PCs and on Power Macintosh.
Rhapsody's OPENSTEP based Yellow Box API frameworks were ported to Windows NT for creating cross-platform applications. Eventually, the non-Apple platforms were discontinued, and later versions consist primarily of the OPENSTEP operating system ported to Power Macintosh, merging the Copland-originated GUI of Mac OS 8 with that of OPENSTEP. Several existing classic Mac OS frameworks were ported, including QuickTime and AppleSearch. Rhapsody can run Mac OS 8 and its applications in a paravirtualization layer called Blue Box for backward compatibility during migration to Mac OS X.
Background
Naming
Rhapsody follows Apple's pattern through the 1990s of music-related codenames for operating system releases (see Rhapsody (music)). Apple had canceled its previous next-generation operating system strategy of Copland (named for American composer, Aaron Copland) and its pre-announced successor Gershwin (named for George Gershwin, composer of Rhapsody in Blue). Other musical code names include Harmony (Mac OS 7.6), Tempo (Mac OS 8), Allegro (Mac OS 8.5), and Sonata (Mac OS 9).
Previous attempts to develop a successor to the Classic Mac OS
In the mid-1990s, Mac OS was falling behind Windows. In 1993, Microsoft had introduced the next-generation Windows NT, which was a processor-independent, multiprocessing and multi-user operating system. At the time, Mac OS was still a single-user OS, and had gained a reputation for being unstable. Apple made several attempts to develop modern replacements for Mac OS, which all failed, harming public confidence in the company, while Macintosh sales continued to decline. Apple's most promising next-generation operating system, Copland, was mismanaged and had to be abandoned in 1996. In response, Apple CEO Gil Amelio decided to acquire or license an already-built operating system from another company. Apple's executive team considered BeOS, NeXT's NeXTSTEP, Sun Microsystems' Solaris, and Windows NT, and eventually acquired NeXT in December 1996.
Announcement
Rhapsody was announced by Gil Amelio at the January 7, 1997 Macworld Expo SF, and first demonstrated at the May 1997 Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC).
Pitch to developers
At Macworld SF 1997, Steve Jobs said that Mac OS and its Macintosh Toolbox placed developers on the "fifth floor", Windows NT on the "seventh floor", while Rhapsody's OpenStep libraries would let developers start on the "twentieth floor". Jobs argued that this would make it faster to im |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assault%20Suits%20Valken | , also known as Cybernator, is a 2D mecha action game developed by Masaya and released in 1992 for the Super Nintendo Entertainment System. The second entry in the Assault Suit series, it is a prequel to the first game, Target Earth. The game was localized and published overseas by Konami. The story follows Jake Brain who pilots a giant mecha and fights in a war engulfing the entire world.
Plot
The game takes place in the future, during a time when Earth's fossil fuels have begun to dwindle. There is a massive war taking place all over the earth for control of these resources, as well as for territorial rights on the moon. The two warring governments, the Axis and Federation, have the ability to go into space and create giant space stations and weapons of mass destruction.
Jake is the game's protagonist. He is a soldier drafted into the Pacific States' Marine Corp and pilots a Federation Assault Suit. In the prologue text he states he only fights because he is a soldier, not concerned with patriotism or politics. Survival for a soldier means defeating the enemy.
The Suit has a humanoid shape, with arms, legs, a torso, and a head. It is equipped with a variety of weapons and other special accessories, giving it full land and minor air capabilities.
Jake and his platoon, which operate from the warship Versis are tasked with destruction of Bildvorg, the most powerful mech of the Axis forces. The various missions in the game lead up to the completion of this objective. (It is piloted by Major Beldark, whom Jake meets first in mission 4 and would later meet Jake once before the final boss). Versis sends out 2 other suits, one is unnamed and another is named Apollo in stage 4, who is killed offscreen by one suit that is really fast (Beldark). Ironically in that mission the player saves an enemy suit entering the Earth's atmosphere, whereas Beldark kills Jake's ally Apollo soon after.
Although Cybernator was released after Target Earth, Cybernator takes place a century before Target Earth.
In Assault Suits Valken 2, Jake makes a cameo appearance as a 30-year-old veteran soldier who assists in battles as an NPC.
The game has two endings. The bad ending can be acquired if the player fails any mission in the game, such as failing to stop Arc Nova from falling and/or allowing the enemy space shuttle to escape in the 5th mission. In this ending, the Versis is critically damaged and most of her crew are killed, including Crea (Jake's partner and superior), which leaves Jake devastated in the credits. The game over screen also states the player has not completed their mission.
If the player succeeds in the side missions, the Versis survives and Jake returns to the carrier, the war is over and Jake and Crea embrace each other on the Versis' deck as the Cybernator suit falls into pieces.
Development
Toshiro Tsuchida served as producer for the game. Afterwards, he joined G-Craft and worked on the game Front Mission.
The soundtrack, composed by Masanao Aka |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/415%20Palatia | Palatia (minor planet designation: 415 Palatia) is a large main belt asteroid that was discovered by German astronomer Max Wolf on 7 February 1896 in Heidelberg.
10μ radiometric data collected from Kitt Peak in 1975 gave an overly large diameter estimate of 93 km. It has a very low radiometric albedo of 0.026 and the spectrum suggests a metal-rich enstatite composition.
References
External links
Background asteroids
Palatia
Palatia
DP-type asteroids (Tholen)
18960207 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chubu-Nippon%20Broadcasting | is a regional radio and television service serving Nagoya, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It is majorly owned by the Chunichi Shimbun. Its radio service is affiliated with the Japan Radio Network (JRN) and its television service affiliated with the Japan News Network (JNN).
History
On December 15, 1950, Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting Corporation was formally established. The capital at the time of establishment was 80 million yen, with a transmission power of 10 kilowatts. The first-generation logo of Central Nippon Broadcasting Corporation was obtained through open call, and the selected design was the work of Shojiro Shimazaki. On April 21, 1951, Central Nippon Broadcasting Corporation obtained the broadcasting license and the identification call sign "JOAR" representing Japan's first private broadcasting station.
At 6:30am on September 1, 1951, Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting announcer Noboru Ui broadcast "Central Nippon Broadcasting, JOAR, broadcasting at 1090 kHz. Good morning everyone. This is CBC in Nagoya, Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting", announcing the official launch of CBC, also marking the beginning of private broadcasting in Japan. CBC achieved profitability in the first year of broadcasting, and implemented stock dividends and a capital increase of 40 million yen in the second year of broadcasting.
In July 1952, CBC decided to apply for a TV broadcast license, but it was retained because the application was too late. In June 1954, the Nagoya TV Tower, jointly funded by CBC and NHK, was completed. In December of the same year, CBC obtained a TV broadcasting license. At 10am on December 1, 1956, CBC officially started broadcasting TV programs, becoming the third private TV station in Japan (the first two were Nippon TV and Radio Tokyo TV). In order to make more viewers interested in TV, CBC set up 30 street TVs within the broadcast range. According to a survey in 1958, the broadcasting unit of CBC accounted for 72.7% of the listening share in the Tokai area, and the TV unit accounted for 62% of the viewing share, which was far ahead of NHK. In 1959, the TV division of Central Nippon Broadcasting joined the JNN network. Central Nippon Broadcasting Corporation used a helicopter to broadcast Ise Shrine Hatsune on New Year's Day of this year. The scenery is the first helicopter live broadcast in the history of world television. In the same year, CBC also participated in the broadcast of the wedding of Crown Prince Akihito (now the emperor emeritus) and Michiko Shoda. In September 1959, the Isewan typhoon caused serious disasters in the East China Sea. Central Nippon Broadcasting Corporation used its own generator to continue broadcasting programs despite a power outage, and broadcast a large number of typhoon news, which was affirmed by the chairman of the Democratic Federation of Freedom.
In 2013, the radio and television companies spun off. In 2013, Chūbu Nippon Hōsō as name is CBC Radio and in 2014, as name is CBC Television, his now this name is Chūbu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert-L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3%20Barab%C3%A1si | Albert-László Barabási (born March 30, 1967) is a Romanian-born Hungarian-American physicist, best known for his discoveries in network science and network medicine.
He is a distinguished university professor and Robert Gray Professor of Network Science at Northeastern University, and holds appointments at the department of medicine, Harvard Medical School and the department of network and data science at Central European University. He is the former Emil T. Hofmann Professor of Physics at the University of Notre Dame and former associate member of the Center of Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB) at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University.
He discovered in 1999 the concept of scale-free networks and proposed the Barabási–Albert model to explain their widespread emergence in natural, technological and social systems, from the cellular telephone to the World Wide Web or online communities. He is the founding president of the Network Science Society, which sponsors the flagship NetSci conference held yearly since 2006.
Birth and education
Barabási was born to an ethnic Hungarian family in Cârța, Harghita County, Romania. His father, László Barabási, was a historian, museum director and writer, while his mother, Katalin Keresztes, taught literature, and later became director of a children's theater. He attended a high school specializing in science and mathematics; in the tenth grade, he won a local physics olympiad. Between 1986 and 1989, he studied physics and engineering at the University of Bucharest; during that time, he began doing research on chaos theory, publishing three papers.
In 1989, Barabási emigrated to Hungary, together with his father. In 1991, he received a master's degree at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, under Tamás Vicsek, before enrolling in the Physics program at Boston University, where he earned a PhD in 1994. His thesis, written under the direction of H. Eugene Stanley, was published by Cambridge University Press under the title Fractal Concepts in Surface Growth.
Academic career
After a one-year postdoc at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Barabási joined the faculty at the University of Notre Dame in 1995. In 2000, at the age of 32, he was named the Emil T. Hofman Professor of Physics, becoming the youngest endowed professor. In 2004 he founded the Center for Complex Network Research.
In 2005–06 he was a visiting professor at Harvard University. In fall 2007, Barabási left Notre Dame to become the distinguished professor and director of the Center for Network Science at Northeastern University and to take up an appointment in the department of medicine at Harvard Medical School.
As of 2008, Barabási holds Hungarian, Romanian and U.S. citizenship.
Research and achievements
Barabási has been a major contributor to the development of network science, the statistical physics of complex systems and network medicine.
Scale-Free Networks
His biggest role has been the discovery of the scale-free n |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActiveSync | ActiveSync is a mobile data synchronization app developed by Microsoft, originally released in 1996. It synchronizes data with handheld devices and desktop computers. In the Windows Task Manager, the associated process is called wcescomm.exe.
Overview
ActiveSync allows a mobile device to be synchronized with either a desktop PC or a server running a compatible software product.
On desktops, ActiveSync synchronizes emails, calendar, contacts and tasks with Microsoft Outlook, along with Internet bookmarks and files. ActiveSync does not support all features of Outlook. For instance, contacts grouped into subfolders are not transferred. Only the contacts which are not in a subfolder are synchronized. In case of Exchange Server, only emails, calendar, contacts and tasks may be synchronized.
ActiveSync also provides for the manual transfer of files to a mobile device, along with limited backup functionality, and the ability to install and uninstall mobile device applications.
Supported mobile devices include PDAs or smartphones running Windows Mobile, Windows CE, BlackBerry 10 or iOS but not the older BlackBerry versions, Palm OS and Symbian platforms. Windows Phone 7 doesn't support desktop ActiveSync synchronization.
Starting with Windows Vista, ActiveSync has been replaced with the Windows Mobile Device Center, which is included as part of the operating system.
Release history
See also
Software
Handheld PC Explorer
SyncToy
Windows Mobile Device Center
Devices
Handheld PC
Palm-size PC
Pocket PC
Smartphone
Concepts
Push email
Protocols
Exchange ActiveSync
References
External links
Microsoft Exchange ActiveSync
Microsoft ActiveSync
Discontinued Microsoft software
Data synchronization
Windows Mobile
Discontinued Windows components |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Animation%20Production%20System | The Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) was a proprietary collection of software, scanning camera systems, servers, networked computer workstations, and custom desks developed by The Walt Disney Company and Pixar in the late 1980s. Although outmoded by the mid-2000s, it succeeded in reducing labor costs for ink and paint and post-production processes of traditionally animated feature films produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios. It also provided an entirely new palette of digital tools to the filmmakers.
History and evolution
The Computer Graphics Lab at the New York Institute of Technology (NYIT) developed a "scan and paint" system for cel animation in the late 1970s. It was used to produce a 22-minute computer-animated television show called Measure for Measure. Industry developments with computer systems led Marc Levoy of Cornell University and Hanna-Barbera Productions to develop a video animation system for cartoons in the early 1980s.
The first usage of the CAPS process was Mickey standing on Epcot's Spaceship Earth for "The Magical World of Disney" titles. The system's first feature film test was in the production of The Little Mermaid in 1989 where it was used in a single shot of the rainbow sequence at the end of the film. After Mermaid, films were made completely using CAPS; the first of these, The Rescuers Down Under, was the first 100% digital feature film ever produced. Later films, including Beauty and the Beast, Aladdin, The Lion King, and The Hunchback of Notre Dame took more advantage of CAPS' 2D and 3D integration.
In the early days of CAPS, Disney did not discuss the system in public, being afraid that the magic would go away if people found out that computers were involved. Computer Graphics World magazine, in 1994, was the first to have a look at the process.
Awards
In 1992, the team that developed CAPS won an Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Scientific and Engineering Award. They were:
Randy Cartwright (Disney)
David B. Coons (Disney)
Lemuel Davis (Disney)
Thomas Hahn (Pixar)
James Houston (Disney)
Mark Kimball (Disney)
Dylan W. Kohler (Disney)
Peter Nye (Pixar)
Michael Shantzis (Pixar)
David F. Wolf (Disney)
Walt Disney Feature Animation Department
Technical capabilities
CAPS was a digital ink and paint system used in animated feature films, the first at a major studio. Using CAPS, enclosed areas and lines could be easily colored in a computer environment using an unlimited palette. This replaced the expensive process of transferring animated drawings to cels using India ink or xerographic technology, and painting the reverse sides of the cels with gouache paint. It also allowed for sophisticated new techniques such as transparent shading and blended colors.
The completed digital cels were composited over scanned background paintings, and camera or pan movements were programmed into a computer exposure sheet simulating the actions of old style animation cameras. Additionally, co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skia%20%28typeface%29 | Skia is a humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Matthew Carter for Apple Computer in 1994. Skia is Greek for "shadow", and the letterforms take inspiration from stone-carved 1st century BC Greek writing. The typeface was the first QuickDraw GX font, and has been pre-installed in Mac operating systems since System 7.5 (1994), and is in the current Mac OS.
Skia includes "GX variations" technology that – if an application offers the UI – allows its weight to be adjusted smoothly between thin and bold, and its width between narrow and extended. (Adobe's "multiple master" technology was similar.) In 2016 it was announced that several technology companies, including Google, Microsoft and Adobe, are adopting Apple's GX variations as the basis of the variations specification inside OpenType 1.8, and since that announcement Skia has been much used to demonstrate the capabilities of the technology.
References
External links
Skia at myfonts.com
TrueType GX Variations — Skia by Matthew Carter (a video showing the variations axes being adjusted)
Humanist sans-serif typefaces
Incised typefaces
Apple Inc. typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1994
Typefaces designed by Matthew Carter |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coreboot | coreboot, formerly known as LinuxBIOS, is a software project aimed at replacing proprietary firmware (BIOS or UEFI) found in most computers with a lightweight firmware designed to perform only the minimum number of tasks necessary to load and run a modern 32-bit or 64-bit operating system.
Since coreboot initializes the bare hardware, it must be ported to every chipset and motherboard that it supports. As a result, coreboot is available only for a limited number of hardware platforms and motherboard models.
One of the coreboot variants is Libreboot, a software distribution fully free of proprietary blobs, aimed at end users.
History
The coreboot project began with the goal of creating a BIOS that would start fast and handle errors intelligently. It is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2). Main contributors include LANL, SiS, AMD, Coresystems and Linux Networx, Inc, as well as motherboard vendors MSI, Gigabyte and Tyan, which offer coreboot alongside their standard BIOS or provide specifications of the hardware interfaces for some of their motherboards. Google partly sponsors the coreboot project. CME Group, a cluster of futures exchanges, began supporting the coreboot project in 2009.
Other than the first three models, all Chromebooks run coreboot. Code from Das U-Boot has been assimilated to enable support for processors based on the ARM instruction set.
In June 2019, coreboot began to use the NSA software Ghidra for its reverse engineering efforts on firmware-specific problems following the release of the suite as free and open source software.
Supported platforms
CPU architectures supported by coreboot include IA-32, x86-64, ARM, ARM64, MIPS and RISC-V. Supported system-on-a-chip (SOC) platforms include AMD Geode, starting with the Geode GX processor developed for the OLPC. Artec Group added Geode LX support for its ThinCan model DBE61; that code was adopted by AMD and further improved for the OLPC after it was upgraded to the Geode LX platform, and is further developed by the coreboot community to support other Geode variants. coreboot can be flashed onto a Geode platform using Flashrom.
From that initial development on AMD Geode based platforms, coreboot support has been extended onto many AMD processors and chipsets. The processor list includes Family 0Fh and 10h (K8 core), and recently Family 14h (Bobcat core, Fusion APU). coreboot support also extends to AMD chipsets: RS690, RS7xx, SB600, and SB8xx.
In AMD Generic Encapsulated Software Architecture (AGESA)a bootstrap protocol by which system devices on AMD64 mainboards are initializedwas open sourced in early 2011, aiming to provide required functionality for coreboot system initialization on AMD64 hardware. However, as of 2014 such releases never became the basis for future development by AMD, and were subsequently halted.
Devices that could be preloaded with coreboot or one of its derivatives include:
Lenovo/IBMThe Libreboot T400 and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20McDonough | Sean McDonough (born May 13, 1962) is an American sportscaster, currently employed by ESPN and the WEEI Boston Red Sox Radio Network.
Early life
The son of Boston Globe sportswriter Will McDonough, McDonough graduated from the S. I. Newhouse School of Public Communications of Syracuse University in 1984 with a degree in broadcast journalism. At Syracuse, he joined the WAER-FM sports department and provided play-by-play calls for Syracuse Chiefs baseball games. During college, he worked for Syracuse football coach Dick MacPherson.
Career
Early career
McDonough was an intern at the short-lived Enterprise Radio Network in 1981.
It was in Syracuse where McDonough began his broadcasting career in 1982 as the play-by-play announcer for the Syracuse Chiefs of the International League. McDonough was also an Ivy League football announcer for PBS. He was a sideline reporter from 1984 to 1985 and a play-by-play announcer from 1986 to 1987.
Boston Red Sox
Four years after graduating from Syracuse, he began broadcasting Boston Red Sox games on WSBK-TV (Channel 38) in Boston with former Red Sox catcher Bob Montgomery and later former Red Sox second baseman Jerry Remy.
McDonough continued announcing broadcast Red Sox games through the 2004 season, moving over the years to various local stations, including WFXT (Channel 25), WABU (Channel 68), and WLVI (Channel 56). In 1996, he was teamed with Jerry Remy. He worked with Remy for nine seasons, ultimately only Friday night games, before being replaced in 2005 by NESN announcer Don Orsillo. McDonough attributed his firing to his salary and disputed talk that his "candor" was to blame.
He turned down an offer to become the New York Mets play-by-play man on television in 2005 before the Red Sox notified him that they would not pick up his option for 2005.
In 2019, McDonough returned to Red Sox broadcasts as a part-time play-by-play announcer on the team's radio network, announcing 30-32 games that season and becoming a permanent part-time announcer alongside Joe Castiglione, Will Flemming, and Lou Merloni in 2020.
CBS Sports
He began work for CBS Sports in 1990, where he broadcast college basketball (including 10 NCAA tournaments), college football (including the prestigious Orange Bowl game), the College World Series, the NFL, US Open tennis, three Winter Olympics (bobsled and luge in 1992 and 1994 and ice hockey in 1998), and golf (including four Masters and PGA Championships).
In December 1999, CBS Sports President Sean McManus informed McDonough that his contract would not be renewed. Once Dick Enberg, late of NBC was available, McDonough became the odd man out.
Major League Baseball on CBS
Outside of New England, he is probably best remembered for his time as CBS's lead baseball announcer, a role in which he was teamed with Tim McCarver. In 1992 at the age of 30, he became the youngest man to announce the national broadcast (and all nine innings of all of the games played) of the World Series. Coinci |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quicklaw | LexisNexis Quicklaw is a Canadian electronic legal research database. It catalogues court decisions from all levels, news reports, provincial and federal statutes, journals, and other legal commentary. LexisNexis Quicklaw also offers a case citator and case digests. In 2002, Quicklaw was purchased by LexisNexis and is a subsidiary of LexisNexis Canada.
LexisNexis Quicklaw is often used by law students, lawyers, and law firms in Canada. In addition the LexisNexis Quicklaw service includes citation tools to help law students, lawyers, and law firms validate the authority of cases, find summaries of judicial considerations, and pinpoint references.
References
External links
Quicklaw
RELX
Online law databases
Legal research
Databases in Canada |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfa%20TV | Alfa TV was a former pay television service available in Cyprus, that broadcast sports and children's programming as well as the odd film. It was owned by Alfa TV Ltd. and was launched in 1998. Alfa TV was one of only 2 pay-TV services in Cyprus, the other being Lumiere TV with whom Alfa TV had a programming agreement. Some of the programs on Alfa TV were broadcast incorporation with well-known pay-TV channels, and specifically with those of MultiChoice (CineMagic, SuperSport and K-T.V.).
It was broadcast over the air, together with Lumiere TV, on several platforms, like CytaVision, with an extra fee. Repeaters had been set up across the country that enabled more than 80% of the population to receive those services. Alfa TV was available on the Nova Cyprus platform but due to a financial dispute with the provider, the channel was removed and signed on with rival Athina Sat in July 2006. It was also available through IPTV providers CytaVision & PrimeTel.
As of March 3, 2008, Alfa TV returned to NOVA Cyprus following a new agreement whilst Athina Sat, had ceased operations. During the summer of 2011, the channel, was expected to be renamed to STAR Channel. The owner and former member of the parliament, Sokratis Chasikos, hired the former head manager of ANT1 Cyprus, Giorgos Tsalakos, as head manager. The contract with LTV ended in May and was not renewed.
Former Programming
Sports
Alfa TV featured sports programming from Cyprus and around the world, as some of them were broadcast in corporation with SuperSport. Sports coverage included live action from NBA, WNBA, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, WWE Bottom Line, World Rally Championship, NASCAR and Champ Car World Series. In addition, Alfa TV had extensive coverage of championship football including matches from the following leagues: Super League, Premier League, Serie A, German Bundesliga and Portuguese Primeira Liga. Alfa TV also covered other events such as horse racing from the Nicosia Racing Club, tennis, boxing, bowling, billiards, rodeo, golf and extreme sports. Shows regarding sports would include:
Children's
Initially, Alfa TV would broadcast children's programs incorporation with K-T.V. At a time the latter network would collapse, Kids TV, its spiritual successor, was formed. Independently managed, it would air Warner Bros. and Nickelodeon cartoons. Coincidentally, K-T.V. in South Africa would also air Nickelodeon programming.
References
Defunct television channels in Cyprus
Greek-language television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1998
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LWN.net | LWN.net is a computing webzine with an emphasis on free software and software for Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. It consists of a weekly issue, separate stories which are published most days, and threaded discussion attached to every story. Most news published daily are short summaries of articles published elsewhere, and are free to all viewers. Original articles are usually published weekly on Thursdays and are available only to subscribers for two weeks, after which they become free as well. LWN.net is part of Eklektix, Inc.
LWN caters to a more technical audience than other Linux/free software publications. It is often praised for its in-depth coverage of Linux kernel internals and Linux kernel mailing list (LKML) discussions.
The acronym "LWN" originally stood for Linux Weekly News; that name is no longer used because the site no longer covers exclusively Linux-related topics, and it has daily as well as weekly content.
History
Founded by Jonathan Corbet and Elizabeth Coolbaugh and published since January 1998, LWN was originally a free site devoted to collecting Linux news, published weekly.
In 2000, Tucows acquired Linux Weekly News (which was then "unacquired" in 2002).
At the end of May 2002, LWN announced a redesigned site. Among the changes was a facility for readers to post comments about stories.
On July 25, 2002, LWN announced that due to its inability to raise enough funds through donations, the following issue would be its last.
Following an outpouring of support from readers, the editors of LWN decided to continue publishing, albeit with a subscription model. New weekly editions of LWN are initially only available to readers who subscribe at one of three levels (group subscriptions are also available). After a two-week delay, each issue becomes freely available to readers who are unable or unwilling to pay.
Contributors
LWN.net staff, as of February 2023, consists of:
Jonathan Corbet, Executive Editor, who manages "Kernel coverage and more"
Jake Edge, Editor, who manages "Python coverage and more"
LWN.net also purchases a number of articles from freelance authors.
See also
DistroWatch
Slashdot
Phoronix
References
External links
American technology news websites
Companies based in Colorado
Online computer magazines
Internet properties established in 1998
Linux magazines
Linux websites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LWN | LWN may refer to:
LWN.net, a computing webzine
LandWarNet, the United States Army's contribution to the Global Information Grid
Live Well Network, a television network
Shirak Airport (IATA code), Armenia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kees%20Schouhamer%20Immink | Kornelis Antonie "Kees" Schouhamer Immink (born 18 December 1946) is a Dutch engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur, who pioneered and advanced the era of digital audio, video, and data recording, including popular digital media such as compact disc (CD), DVD and Blu-ray disc. He has been a prolific and influential engineer, who holds more than 1100 U.S. and international patents.
A large portion of the commonly used audio and video playback and recording devices use technologies based on his work. His contributions to coding systems assisted the digital video and audio revolution, by enabling reliable data storage at information densities previously unattainable.
Immink received several tributes that summarize the impact of his contributions to the digital audio and video revolution. Among the accolades received are the IEEE Medal of Honor "for pioneering contributions to video, audio, and data recording technology, including compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray", the Edison Medal and an individual Technology Emmy award by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS). Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands bestowed him a knighthood in 2000. He was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 2007 for pioneering and advancing the era of digital audio, video, and data recording. Royal Holland Society of Arts and Sciences introduced the Kees Schouhamer Immink Prize in 2019 as a means to encourage research on information science and tele-communications.
Currently, Immink holds the position of president of Turing Machines Inc, which was founded in 1998. During his career, Immink, in addition to his practical contributions, has contributed to information theory. He has written over 120 articles and four books, including Codes for Mass Data Storage Media. He has been an adjunct professor at the Institute for Experimental Mathematics, University of Duisburg and Essen, Germany, since 1994, as well as affiliated with the National University of Singapore (NUS) and Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) as a visiting professor.
Education
Immink obtained an Engineer's degree (Ir.) in electrical engineering (1974, cum laude) and a PhD degree (1985) from Eindhoven University of Technology on a thesis entitled Properties and Constructions of Binary Channel Codes
.
Early years at Philips Research
Fresh from engineering school, in 1967, he joined Philips Research Labs in Eindhoven, where he spent thirty years in a fruitful association. The renowned physicist Hendrik Casimir was director of Philips Research till 1972. Immink described the atmosphere at that time: "We were able to conduct whatever research we found relevant, and had no pre-determined tasks; instead, we received full freedom and support of autonomous research. We went to work, not knowing that we would do that day. This view – or rather ambiguous view – on how research should be conducted, led to amazing inventions as a result. It was an innovation heaven". Immink |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNJP | WNJP (88.5 FM) is a radio station licensed to Sussex, New Jersey. The station is owned by New York Public Radio, and is an affiliate of their New Jersey Public Radio network. On July 1, 2011, WNYC assumed control of the stations that comprise NJPR under a management agreement.
References
External links
NJP
Radio stations established in 1998
1998 establishments in New Jersey
NPR member stations
New York Public Radio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNJM | WNJM (89.9 FM) is a radio station licensed to Manahawkin, New Jersey. The station is owned by WHYY, Inc., and simulcasts the public radio news and talk programming of WHYY-FM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
History
The station was formerly owned and operated by the New Jersey Network. NJN's radio network began operation May 20, 1991, when WNJT-FM in Trenton signed on. Eight other stations would be established over the following seventeen years.
On June 6, 2011, the New Jersey Public Broadcasting Authority agreed to sell five FM stations in southern New Jersey to WHYY. The transaction was announced by Governor Chris Christie, as part of his long-term goal to end State-subsidized public broadcasting. The five stations previously belonged to New Jersey Network's statewide radio service. WHYY assumed control of the stations through a management agreement on July 1, 2011, pending Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval for the acquisition; at that point, the stations began to carry the WHYY-FM schedule.
References
External links
whyy.org
NJM
Radio stations established in 1999
NPR member stations
1999 establishments in New Jersey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNJZ | WNJZ (90.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to Cape May Court House, New Jersey. The station is owned by WHYY, Inc., and simulcasts the public radio news and talk programming of WHYY-FM in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
History
The station was formerly owned and operated by the New Jersey Network. NJN's radio network began operation May 20, 1991, when WNJT-FM in Trenton signed on. Eight other stations would be established over the following seventeen years.
On June 6, 2011, the New Jersey Public Broadcasting Authority agreed to sell five FM stations in southern New Jersey to WHYY. The transaction was announced by Governor Chris Christie, as part of his long-term goal to end State-subsidized public broadcasting. The five stations previously belonged to New Jersey Network's statewide radio service. WHYY assumed control of the stations through a management agreement on July 1, 2011, pending Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approval for the acquisition; at that point, the stations began to carry the WHYY-FM schedule.
References
External links
whyy.org
NJZ
Radio stations established in 1999
NPR member stations
1999 establishments in New Jersey |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM%20ROMP | The ROMP is a reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor designed by IBM in the late 1970s. It is also known as the Research OPD Miniprocessor (after the two IBM divisions that collaborated on its inception, IBM Research and the Office Products Division [OPD]) and 032. The ROMP was originally developed for office equipment and small computers, intended as a follow-on to the mid-1970s IBM OPD Mini Processor microprocessor, which was used in the IBM Office System/6 word-processing system. The first examples became available in 1981, and it was first used commercially in the IBM RT PC announced in January 1986. For a time, the RT PC was planned to be a personal computer, with ROMP replacing the Intel 8088 found in the IBM Personal Computer. However, the RT PC was later repositioned as an engineering and scientific workstation computer. A later CMOS version of the ROMP was first used in the coprocessor board for the IBM 6152 Academic System introduced in 1988, and it later appeared in some models of the RT PC.
History
The architectural work on the ROMP began in late spring of 1977, as a spin-off of IBM Research's 801 RISC processor (hence the "Research" in the acronym). Most of the architectural changes were for cost reduction, such as adding 16-bit instructions for byte-efficiency. The original ROMP had a 24-bit architecture, but the instruction set was changed to 32 bits a few years into the development.
The first chips were ready in early 1981, making ROMP the first industrial RISC. The processor was revealed at the International Solid-State Circuits Conference in 1984 ROMP first appeared in a commercial product as the processor for the IBM RT PC workstation, which was introduced in 1986. To provide examples for RT PC production, volume production of the ROMP and its MMU began in 1985. The delay between the completion of the ROMP design, and introduction of the RT PC was caused by overly ambitious software plans for the RT PC and its operating system (OS). This OS virtualized the hardware and could host multiple other operating systems. This technology, called virtualization, while commonplace in mainframe systems, only began to gain traction in smaller systems in the 21st century. An improved CMOS version of the ROMP was first used in the IBM 6152 Academic System workstation, and later in some models of the RT PC.
IBM Research used the ROMP in its Research Parallel Processor Prototype (RP3), an early experimental scalable shared-memory multiprocessor that supported up to 512 processors first detailed in 1985; and the CMOS version in its ACE, an experimental NUMA multiprocessor that was operational in 1988.
Architecture
The ROMP's architecture was based on the original version of the IBM Research 801 minicomputer. The main differences were a larger word size (32 bits instead of 24), and the inclusion of virtual memory. The architecture supported 8-, 16-, and 32-bit integers, 32-bit addressing, and a 40-bit virtual address space. It |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telex%20%28disambiguation%29 | Telex may refer to:
Telex (network), (TELegraph EXchange), a communications network
Teleprinter, the device used on the above network
Telegraphic transfer, an electronic means of transferring funds overseas
Telex (anti-censorship system), a research project that would complement Tor (anonymity network)
Telex (band), a Belgian pop group
Telex (IME), a convention for writing Vietnamese using ASCII characters commonly found on computer keyboard layouts
Tele-X, a Nordic communications satellite
Telex Communications (formerly Telex Corporation), an American manufacturer of hearing aids, audio equipment, and computer peripherals.
Telex II, a later name for the TWX teletypewriter network
"Planet Telex", a song by rock band Radiohead
Telephone exchange
Telephone extension
Telex.hu, a Hungarian news portal
See also
Telix, terminal emulation software
Teletex, an old ITU-T standard
Teletext, television information retrieval service |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jikes | Jikes is an open-source Java compiler written in C++. It is no longer being updated.
The original version was developed by David L. "Dave" Shields and Philippe Charles at IBM but was quickly transformed into an open-source project contributed to by an active community of developers. Initially hosted by IBM, the project was later transferred to SourceForge. Among its accomplishments, it was much faster in compiling small projects than Sun's own compiler, and provided more helpful warnings and errors.
Project status
the project is no longer being actively developed. The last 1.22 version was released in October 2004 and partially supports Java 5.0 (with respect to new classes, but not new language features). As no further versions were released since, Java SE 6 is not supported.
While the free software community needed free Java implementations, the GNU Compiler for Java became the most commonly used compiler.
See also
Jikes RVM
References
External links
Jikes Archives, hosted by David Shields on WordPress.com
Discontinued development tools
Free compilers and interpreters
Java compilers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Bensley | Peter Bensley (born 6 February 1954, Warialda, New South Wales) is an Australian actor.
Career
Television
One of Bensley's earliest roles was as Dennis Braithwaite on the Seven Network drama series Class of '74. He also appeared in ABC Television children's show, Waterloo Street.
Bensley appeared in several Grundy Television soap operas including The Restless Years (1979); The Young Doctors as Dr. Mike Newman (from 1980 until the show finished in 1983); Prisoner as one of the three male prisoners, Matt Delaney (for 34 episodes in 1984); Neighbours (1986) as Tony Chapman; and Home and Away (1988 to 1990) as school teacher Andrew Foley. In 2009, he returned to Neighbours for a two-episode guest role as Dean.
In 1992, Bensley appeared as Dr. John Austin in the Australian miniseries The New Adventures of Black Beauty. In 1995, he appeared in the Australian/New Zealand co-production Mirror, Mirror, as Andrew Teigan, father of Jo Teigan.
Bensley also appeared in the long-running television series Water Rats about the Sydney Harbour Water Police Squad, in which he had the major role of Chief Inspector Jeff Hawker for the entire series run (1996–2001).
Film
In 1983, Bensley played the title role of Stanley in the film Stanley. His most recent film appearance was in Romance on the Menu (2020).
Advertisements
In the 1980s, Bensley appeared as a nude centrefold in the magazine, Cleo, wearing only strategically placed scuba gear. He also featured in a cheeky advertisement for Palmolive Gold, in which he is seen in bed with fellow The Young Doctors actress Judy McBurney, and semi-naked in a shower.
Filmography
Film
Television
As director
Author
His first fiction book, On a Wing and a Prayer, was published in 2006.
Personal life
Bensley and his partner have 3 children.
References
External links
Peter Bensley – "The Young Doctors"
Peter Bensley – "Water Rats"
Peter Bensley – "Water Rats"
Author page at Random House publishers
1954 births
Living people
Australian male film actors
Australian male soap opera actors
20th-century Australian male actors
21st-century Australian male actors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vmobile | Vmobile was a Nigerian mobile phone network provider with close to a million subscribers in 2004. The company was previously owned by Econet Wireless Nigeria, but after a shareholder dispute was purchased (for a month) by Vodacom of South Africa. The Vodacom deal was short-lived, and the operator soon thereafter began trading as VMobile Nigeria, owned by Vee Networks Limited. The name Vee was based on Vee from Vodacom after Vodacom pulled out of the deal. Vodacom's South African staff was retained by the Nigerian Investors, to run the now called VMobile network. Willem Swart was appointed as CEO, with several previous Econet staff as directors.
The company claimed that all investors were Nigeria-based. They included the state governments of Lagos, Delta , and Akwa Ibom. On April 16, 2006, Celtel made a conditional offer for Vmobile and in May 2006, Vmobile was bought by Celtel for US$1.005. billion after Celtel acquired a controlling stake of 65% in Vmobile
During its time, Vmobile branded itself as the network for the Nigerian people, with the catchphrase being "it's all about you".
References
External links
Celtel Company Website
Interview with Willem Swart
Telecommunications companies of Nigeria
Defunct mobile phone companies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wake-on-ring | Wake-on-Ring (WOR), sometimes referred to as Wake-on-Modem (WOM), is a specification that allows supported computers and devices to "wake up" or turn on from a sleeping, hibernating or "soft off" state (e.g. ACPI state G1 or G2), and begin operation.
The basic premise is that a special signal is sent over phone lines to the computer through its dial-up modem, telling it to fully power-on and begin operation. Common uses were archive databases and BBSes, although hobbyist use was significant.
Fax machines use a similar system, in which they are mostly idle until receiving an incoming fax signal, which spurs operation.
This style of remote operation has mostly been supplanted by Wake-on-LAN, which is newer but works in much the same way.
See also
ACPI
RS-232 Signals, Ring Indicator
Wake-on-LAN
Additional resources
"Wake on Modem" entry from Smart Computing Encyclopedia
Networking standards
BIOS
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface
Remote control |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Lesk | Michael E. Lesk (born 1945) is an American computer scientist.
Biography
In the 1960s, Michael Lesk worked for the SMART Information Retrieval System project, wrote much of its retrieval code and did many of the retrieval experiments, as well as obtaining a BA degree in Physics and Chemistry from Harvard College in 1964 and a PhD from Harvard University in Chemical Physics in 1969.
From 1970 to 1984, Lesk worked at Bell Labs in the group that built Unix. Lesk wrote Unix tools for word processing (tbl, refer, and the standard ms macro package, all for troff), for compiling (Lex), and for networking (uucp). He also wrote the Portable I/O Library (the predecessor to stdio.h in C) and contributed significantly to the development of the C language preprocessor.
In 1984, he left to work for Bellcore, where he managed the computer science research group. There, Lesk worked on specific information systems applications, mostly with geography (a system for driving directions) and dictionaries (a system for disambiguating words in context).
In the 1990s, Lesk worked on a large chemical information system, the CORE project, with Cornell, Online Computer Library Center, American Chemical Society, and Chemical Abstracts Service.
From 1998 to 2002, Lesk headed the National Science Foundation's Division of Information and Intelligent Systems, where he oversaw Phase 2 of the NSF's Digital Library Initiative.
Currently, he is a professor on the faculty of the Library and Information Science Department, School of Communication & Information, Rutgers University.
Lesk received the Flame award for lifetime achievement from Usenix in 1994, is a Fellow of the ACM in 1996, and in 2005 was elected to the National Academy of Engineering. He has authored a number of books.
See also
Lesk algorithm
Bibliography
Selected books by Michael Lesk:
Practical Digital Libraries: Books, Bytes, and Bucks, 1997. .
Understanding Digital Libraries, 2nd ed., December 2004. .
References
External links
Michael Lesk personal website
1945 births
Living people
Harvard College alumni
American computer programmers
Scientists at Bell Labs
Rutgers University faculty
Unix people
Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Troff
Computational linguistics researchers
Data miners |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%20for%20National%20Policy | The Council for National Policy (CNP) is an umbrella organization and networking group for conservative and Republican activists in the United States. It was launched in 1981 during the Reagan administration by Tim LaHaye and the Christian right, to "bring more focus and force to conservative advocacy". The membership list for September 2020 was later leaked, showing that members included prominent Republicans and conservatives, wealthy entrepreneurs, and media proprietors, together with anti-abortion and anti-Islamic extremists. Members are instructed not to reveal their membership or even name the group.
The CNP has been described by The New York Times as "a little-known club of a few hundred of the most powerful conservatives in the country", who meet three times yearly behind closed doors at undisclosed locations for a confidential conference. The Nation has called it a secretive organization that "networks wealthy right-wing donors together with top conservative operatives to plan long-term movement strategy". The organization has been described by Anne Nelson as a "pluto-theocracy" (plutocracy/theocracy).
Meetings and membership
About the CNP, Marc Ambinder of ABC News said: "The group wants to be the conservative version of the Council on Foreign Relations." The CNP was founded in 1981. Among its founding members were: Tim LaHaye, then the head of the Moral Majority, Nelson Bunker Hunt, T. Cullen Davis, William Cies, Howard Phillips, and Paul Weyrich.
Members of the CNP have included General John Singlaub, shipping magnate J. Peter Grace, Edwin Feulner of The Heritage Foundation, Rev. Pat Robertson of the Christian Broadcasting Network, Jerry Falwell, U.S. Senator Trent Lott, Southern Baptist Convention activists and retired Texas Court of Appeals Judge Paul Pressler, lawyer and paleoconservative activist Michael Peroutka, Reverend Paige Patterson, Senator Don Nickles, former United States Attorneys General Edwin Meese and John Ashcroft, gun-rights activist Larry Pratt, Colonel Oliver North, Steve Bannon, Kellyanne Conway, philanthropist Elsa Prince (mother of Blackwater founder and former CEO Erik Prince and Trump Administration Secretary of Education Betsy Devos), Leonard Leo, and Virginia Thomas (wife of Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas). Former California State Assemblyman Steve Baldwin was CNP's executive director from 2000 to 2008. Conservative attorney Cleta Mitchell sits on the board of governors for the organization.
Membership is by invitation only. The organization's membership list is considered "strictly confidential". Guests may attend "only with the unanimous approval of the executive committee." Members are instructed not to refer to the organization by name to protect against leaks. The New York Times political writer David D. Kirkpatrick suggested that the organization's secrecy since its founding was intended to insulate it "from what its members considered the liberal bias of the news media."
CNP's meeting |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WWJ-TV | WWJ-TV (channel 62), branded on-air as CBS Detroit, is a television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States, owned and operated by the CBS television network. It is owned by the network's CBS News and Stations group alongside WKBD-TV, an independent station; the stations share studios on Eleven Mile Road in the Detroit suburb of Southfield. WWJ-TV's transmitter is located in Oak Park.
Founded as WGPR-TV in 1975 by Dr. William V. Banks and the International Free and Accepted Modern Masons as an extension of WGPR (), channel 62 in Detroit was the first Black-owned television station in the continental United States. Though its ambitious early programming plans catering to the Black community were not entirely successful due to economic and financial limitations, the station still produced several locally notable shows and housed a fully-staffed news department. WGPR-TV helped launch the careers of multiple local and national Black television hosts and executives, including Pat Harvey, Shaun Robinson, Sharon Dahlonega Bush, and Amyre Makupson. The original studios for WGPR-TV, still in use by the radio station, have been preserved as a museum and recognized as a historical landmark with inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places.
In 1994, when a major affiliation switch threatened to leave CBS without an affiliate in the Detroit market after multiple failures to secure a more successful station, the network bought WGPR-TV and dropped all existing programming in favor of CBS and syndicated programs, later changing the call letters to WWJ-TV. The station has made multiple unsuccessful attempts at producing local newscasts in its more than 25 years under CBS ownership. From assuming the affiliation in 1994 until 2001, from 2002 to 2009 and again from 2012 until 2023, WWJ-TV was the only station directly owned by any of the "Big Three" networks not to have any significant local news presence. A full news department, known as CBS News Detroit, began operation in January 2023 as an extension of CBS News's streaming service.
Prior use of channel 62 in Detroit
On September 15, 1968, WXON-TV began broadcasting on channel 62. Licensed to nearby Walled Lake, Michigan, WXON-TV operated on channel 62 for four years. In 1970, it purchased the construction permit of WJMY, a channel 20 station that was built out but which its owner, United Broadcasting, had no financial resources to operate, for $413,000 in United's expenses related to the permit. Land mobile interests pushed back against the sale, seeking that channel 20 be reassigned for their use in metro Detroit. The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the move in June 1972, and WXON moved from channel 62 to channel 20, using the former WJMY construction permit, on December 9, 1972.
WGPR-TV
Built by Masons
The move of WXON-TV from channel 62 to channel 20 left the former available for assignment again in Detroit. On October 10, 1972, less than two months before WXON vacated |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJBK | WJBK (channel 2) is a television station in Detroit, Michigan, United States, serving as the market's Fox network outlet. Owned and operated by the network's Fox Television Stations division, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on West 9 Mile Road in the Detroit suburb of Southfield.
WJBK's over-the-air signal covers all of Metro Detroit, along with Southwestern Ontario, Canada, surrounding the city of Windsor. The station is also carried on most cable systems in southeast Michigan, southwestern Ontario and northwest Ohio.
History
As a CBS affiliate (1948–1994)
WJBK-TV first signed on the air on October 24, 1948. It was the third television station to sign-on in Detroit and Michigan, after WWJ-TV (channel 4, now WDIV-TV) and WXYZ-TV (channel 7)—all of which have signed on in a 14-month timeframe. Despite Detroit being a major television market, it only accommodated three VHF allocations due to being shortspaced between Flint (channel 12) and Saginaw (channel 5) to the north; Lansing (channels 6 and 10) to the west; Toledo (channels 11 and 13) to the south; and Cleveland (channels 3, 5 and 8); Windsor, Ontario (channel 9); and London, Ontario (channel 10) to the east. For this reason, WJBK was assigned the final VHF channel in Detroit.
At sign on, the first program broadcast by WJBK was a presentation of Lucky Pup at 6:15 p.m. that evening. The station was originally an affiliate of both CBS and the DuMont Television Network. It was originally owned by Fort Industry Broadcasting, owned by George B. Storer and then based in nearby Toledo, Ohio. Fort Industry, which would later be renamed Storer Broadcasting, also owned WJBK radio (1500 AM, now WLQV, and 93.1 FM, now WUFL). The station originally operated from Detroit's Masonic Temple until 1956, when its operations were moved to a purpose-built studio facility on Second Avenue in Detroit's New Center section, which would be occupied by PBS member station WTVS for nearly 40 years and is now being reconstructed for use as headquarters for the nonprofit Midnight Golf Program. WJBK-TV would eventually become an exclusive CBS affiliate by 1955, when Windsor, Ontario-based CKLW-TV (channel 9, now CBC O&O CBET-DT) became a DuMont affiliate. WJBK first broadcast in color around 1956. In 1970, the station moved to its current broadcast facilities on West Nine Mile Road in Southfield. Like most studio facilities built by Storer during that time, it resembles a Southern antebellum mansion.
The station went through a number of ownership and management changes with its parent companies in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1985, the equity firm Kohlberg Kravis Roberts (KKR) acquired Storer Communications, Incorporated in a leveraged buyout. Storer spurned offers from Knight-Ridder Newspapers, Tele-Communications, Inc. and Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co., though Scripps-Howard would successfully acquire cross-town rival ABC owned and operated station WXYZ-TV in 1986 after the ABC-Capital Cities C |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experix | Experix is an open-source command interpreter designed for operating laboratory equipment, especially data acquisition devices, and processing, displaying and storing the data from them. It is usable now, only under Linux on the x86 architecture, but still under development, and users are welcome to participate in extending and improving it.
Experix is radically different from most
commercial data acquisition programs, for example LabVIEW, which model a measurement and control application as a network of operational units represented graphically as boxes with connections that stand for data flow. In these systems an application is created by manipulating these symbols on the screen, and then it is used by clicking buttons and filling dialog boxes in a GUI environment.
Experix, in contrast, represents the application as a series of operations generally taking place one after another. It processes a command line in a sequential way, and numbers, operators, functions and commands in the command line consume and create objects on a stack. These objects include integers and floating-point numbers in several sizes, complex and polar numbers, multi-dimensional arrays made from any of the numerical types, several kinds of strings, and pointers to functions, commands and variables (which can be numbers, arrays and strings). A function, command or operator requires certain types of objects on the stack and puts objects on the stack, and may also change values in stack objects and variables, draw graphs, order operations in device drivers, and read and write files.
Experix is released under the GNU GPL.
Syntax
A command line can have practically arbitrary length, and is a series of tokens. For example,
.01 1000 ]+ \c .sin * graph/yK function1=
would create an array of 1000 double-precision values representing the function j*0.01*sin(j*.01) for j from 0 to 999; draw a graph of that using black points on a yellow background; and copy that array into a variable called function1. This sample of command tokens will give an idea of the range of capabilities that experix has.
123e4 puts the double-precision number 1.23*10^6 on the stack
#x5a1 puts the integer 0x5a1 on the stack
+ adds the object in stack level 1 to the object in level 2; what that means exactly depends on what those objects are: add two numbers, or add a number to each member of an array, or add corresponding members of two arrays
.cos replaces the number in stack level 1, or each member of the array in stack level 1, with cosine (that number)
;c puts the speed of light on the stack
:BS sets the bit designated by stack level 1 (integer) in the integer in stack level 2; does arrays too
] makes an array from numbers on the stack
]+ makes a ramp array using the increment value in level 2 and number of elements in level 1
[= sets the value of an array element
[s extracts a subspace of an array as specified by stack arguments
%v gets the smaller value of two stack objects
\/D (that's bac |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Adventures%20of%20Captain%20Comic | The Adventures of Captain Comic is a platform game written by Michael Denio for MS-DOS compatible operating systems and released as shareware in 1988. It was one of the first side-scrolling games for IBM PC compatibles reminiscent of games for the Nintendo Entertainment System, and it presaged a trend of shareware platform games in the early 1990s. A version for the NES was later published by Color Dreams as an unlicensed title.
A sequel, Captain Comic II: Fractured Reality, was released in 1990.
Plot
Captain Comic is on a mission to the planet Tambi, where the quest begins. Comic must find three artifacts: the Mystical Gems of Lascorbanos, the Thousand Coins of Tenure, and the Crown of the Ages. To find them, he must travel through many varied environments. The game is completed when Comic is in possession of all three treasures.
Gameplay
The game is divided into eight major areas, and each contains three smaller zones. Transitioning between zones plays a short tune, all enemies are removed from the screen, and Comic's position is saved.
Comic has twelve "shield" points which act as health. Each time an enemy hits him, two points are removed. When at zero, Comic dies on the next hit. Occasionally, shields can be found which instantly replenish the health to full, or if it is already full, give an extra life. Comic starts with four lives, and an extra life is given for each 50,000 points earned if Comic isn't already at the maximum of five extras.
If Comic is killed by either falling off the bottom of the screen, or hit with no shield points remaining, a life is lost and he is returned to the point where he last entered this zone.
Enemies have different behaviors, from simply bouncing off walls and following preset paths to seeking Comic as he passes by. After picking up a Blastola Cola, Comic can shoot at and destroy enemies for points.
Development
Michael Denio previously wrote an interactive demo of a platform game called The Adventures of Captain Pixel of the Galactic Security Patrol in 34010 AD for a TMS34010 coprocessor board. The credits screen has a 1987 copyright notice for the graphics. The TMS34010 is a CPU with graphics-oriented instructions which was later used in arcade video games such as Narc and Mortal Kombat.
Denio wrote in the introduction to the Captain Comic manual:
Music
The original theme song for Captain Comic was a rendition of the United States Marine Corps Hymn. The song was replaced in the final revision of the game, released in 1991, by George Frideric Handel's Harpsichord Suite in D Minor, HWV 428, Air. The NES version of the soundtrack is composed entirely of classical music.
Reception
Legacy
A sequel from the same author was published in 1990 as Captain Comic II: Fractured Reality.
In 2012, PC World called Captain Comic the twelfth greatest shareware game of all time, writing that "it inspired many other shareware authors, including the folks who would later create Commander Keen."
The original ga |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PRN | PRN may refer to:
Computing
PRN:, a printer device name in DOS
Pseudorandom noise, in cryptography
Medicine
Pertactin (PRN), a virulent factor of the bacterium Bordetella pertussis
Pro re nata (P.R.N.), prescription jargon
PRN Forum, a precursor to the Journal of Pain and Symptom Management
Politics
National Reconstruction Party, Brazil
Nicaraguan Resistance Party, Nicaragua
, Mexico, an Institutional Revolutionary Party precursor
Radio
Performance Racing Network, an American NASCAR radio network
Premiere Radio Networks, another American network
Transport
Pacific RailNews, a defunct American hobbyist magazine
Paralympic route network, linking Paralympic games venues
Parton railway station, Cumbria, England
Pristina International Airport Adem Jashari, Kosovo (IATA:PRN)
Mac Crenshaw Memorial Airport, Greenville, Alabama, US (FAA LID:PRN)
Other uses
Packaging Recovery Note, per UK Producer Recovery Obligations
Praseodymium nitride, a chemical (formula: PrN)
Premier Retail Networks, a provider of in-store ad screens
See also
PR:NS (disambiguation)
Pern (disambiguation)
Porn (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TACL | TACL (Tandem Advanced Command Language) is the scripting programming language which acts as the shell in Tandem Computers/NonStop computers.
History
Tandem computers were originally designed and sold by Tandem Computers, Inc., based in Cupertino, CA. These were the first commercially available parallel processing computers. Despite their ability to expand to large sizes using parallelism, later to be called clustering, they were in the category of "mini-computers". Tandem's strategy was the emerging concept of "continuous availability" for applications requiring near-total uptime, in which single points of failure were minimized through mirrored storage devices, controllers and software, and operating systems engineered specifically for fault tolerance (using the Guardian operating system, later NonStop Kernel or NSK, and later NonStop OS). In computing, a single point of failure refers to any scenario in which the failure of a single component, application or process could result in broader impacts such as data loss or the cascading failure of the system. The relative likelihood of multiple component or process failures within a short time is considered much lower than the likelihood a single failure.
Tandem Computers, Inc. was acquired by Compaq Computer Corporation in 1997; and Compaq Computer Corp. was subsequently purchased by Hewlett-Packard in 2001. Today they are known as "HPE Nonstop", with products such as the HP Integrity NonStop Blade systems.
In 2022, HPE NonStop platforms underpin many of the largest banks, casinos, retailers, telephone companies, email systems, and stock exchanges worldwide. TACL continues to be the scripting language used on NonStop Servers.
Design philosophy
Many high-uptime computer systems that were produced after the Tandem NonStop platform rely on a pair of concurrently running, parallel but independent processes. A "failover" scheme ensures that the secondary process (or hot backup) continues operating in the event of a failure in the primary process, thereby ensuring that any failure in the primary process does not result in a total failure of the function, network or system it supports.
The Tandem NonStop design philosophy differs as each CPU performs its own work and may contain a dormant "backup" process in another CPU. Each pair of CPUs share hardware ownership of controllers and disk drives. Writes to the mirrored disk pair are performed on both the primary and backup drives. However, the drives are not truly redundant as reads will only be performed by the drive that can most quickly access the data, not both. If one CPU in the pair fails, the other will take full ownership of the disk drives and tasks it was undertaking, providing continuous availability to that data and continuous operation of the system, including re-driving disk I/Os. A running primary process may be given a backup process in another CPU, which receives checkpoint information. If the primary process fails, the backup proce |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast%20wavelet%20transform | The fast wavelet transform is a mathematical algorithm designed to turn a waveform or signal in the time domain into a sequence of coefficients based on an orthogonal basis of small finite waves, or wavelets. The transform can be easily extended to multidimensional signals, such as images, where the time domain is replaced with the space domain. This algorithm was introduced in 1989 by Stéphane Mallat.
It has as theoretical foundation the device of a finitely generated, orthogonal multiresolution analysis (MRA). In the terms given there, one selects a sampling scale J with sampling rate of 2J per unit interval, and projects the given signal f onto the space ; in theory by computing the scalar products
where is the scaling function of the chosen wavelet transform; in practice by any suitable sampling procedure under the condition that the signal is highly oversampled, so
is the orthogonal projection or at least some good approximation of the original signal in .
The MRA is characterised by its scaling sequence
or, as Z-transform,
and its wavelet sequence
or
(some coefficients might be zero). Those allow to compute the wavelet coefficients , at least some range k=M,...,J-1, without having to approximate the integrals in the corresponding scalar products. Instead, one can directly, with the help of convolution and decimation operators, compute those coefficients from the first approximation .
Forward DWT
For the discrete wavelet transform (DWT),
one computes recursively, starting with the coefficient sequence and counting down from k = J - 1 to some M < J,
or
and
or ,
for k=J-1,J-2,...,M and all . In the Z-transform notation:
The downsampling operator reduces an infinite sequence, given by its Z-transform, which is simply a Laurent series, to the sequence of the coefficients with even indices, .
The starred Laurent-polynomial denotes the adjoint filter, it has time-reversed adjoint coefficients, . (The adjoint of a real number being the number itself, of a complex number its conjugate, of a real matrix the transposed matrix, of a complex matrix its hermitian adjoint).
Multiplication is polynomial multiplication, which is equivalent to the convolution of the coefficient sequences.
It follows that
is the orthogonal projection of the original signal f or at least of the first approximation onto the subspace , that is, with sampling rate of 2k per unit interval. The difference to the first approximation is given by
where the difference or detail signals are computed from the detail coefficients as
with denoting the mother wavelet of the wavelet transform.
Inverse DWT
Given the coefficient sequence for some M < J and all the difference sequences , k = M,...,J − 1, one computes recursively
or
for k = J − 1,J − 2,...,M and all . In the Z-transform notation:
The upsampling operator creates zero-filled holes inside a given sequence. That is, every second element of the resulting sequence is an element of the gi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet%20background%20noise | Internet background noise (IBN, also known as Internet background radiation) consists of data packets on the Internet which are addressed to IP addresses or ports where there is no network device set up to receive them.
These packets often contain unsolicited commercial or network control messages, or are the result of port scans and worm activities.
Smaller devices such as DSL modems may have a hard-coded IP address to look up the correct time using the Network Time Protocol. If, for some reason, the hard-coded NTP server is no longer available, faulty software might retry failed requests up to every second, which, if many devices are affected, generates a significant amount of unnecessary request traffic.
Historical context
In the first 10 years of the Internet, there was very little background noise but with its commercialization in the 1990s the noise factor became a permanent feature.
The Conficker worm in recent times was responsible for a large amount of background noise generated by viruses looking for new victims. In addition to malicious activities, misconfigured hardware and leaks from private networks are also sources of background noise.
2000s
As of November 2010, it is estimated that 5.5 gigabits (687.5 megabytes) of background noise are generated every second.
It was also estimated in the early 2000s that a dial-up modem user loses about 20 bits per second of their bandwidth to unsolicited traffic. Over the past decade, the amount of background noise for an IPv4 /8 address block (which contains 16.7 million address) has increased from 1 to 50 Mbit/s (1KB/s to 6.25MB/s). The newer IPv6 protocol, which has a much larger address space, will make it more difficult for viruses to scan ports and also limit the impact of misconfigured equipment.
Internet background noise has been used to detect significant changes in Internet traffic and connectivity during the 2011 political unrest from IP address blocks that were geolocated to Libya.
Backscatter is a term coined by Vern Paxson to describe Internet background noise resulting from a DDoS attack using multiple spoofed addresses. This backscatter noise is used by network telescopes to indirectly observe large scale attacks in real time.
References
Noise (electronics) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C4ISR | C4ISR may refer to:
the C4ISR concept of Command, Control, Communications, Computers, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, the U.S. term for C4ISTAR
C4ISR Journal, a journal published by the Defense News Media Group
the C4ISR architectural framework (C4ISR AF), now known as Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF)
See also
Command and control
RSTA
STA sniper (USMC)
Surveillance and Target Acquisition
Artillery STA
ISTAR
Military intelligence
Information Warfare
Programs include Command Post of the Future (CPOF), C2PC, FBCB2, and MCS
Battle Management System
de:C4ISR |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLP | FLP may refer to:
Computer science
FLP impossibility proof in computer science
Organizations
Family Limited Partnership, holding companies
Forever Living Products, a US MLM company
Politics
Farmer–Labor Party, a former US party
Fatherland Party (Norway), a former party (Norwegian: Fedrelandspartiet)
Fiji Labour Party
Finnish Rural Party, a former party (Swedish: Finlands landsbygdsparti)
Le front de libération populaire, a former party in Quebec, Canada
Popular Liberation Front (Spain), a former party (Spanish: Frente de Liberación Popular)
Science
Flurbiprofen
Frustrated Lewis pair
Transportation
Lugano–Ponte Tresa railway (Italian: Ferrovia Lugano–Ponte Tresa)
Marion County Regional Airport, in Arkansas, United States
Satish Dhawan Space Centre First Launch Pad, in India
See also
Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs (WinFLP) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoxathion | Isoxathion is a molecular chemical with the molecular formula C13H16NO4PS. It is an insecticide, specifically an isoxazole organothiophosphate insecticide.
References
External links
Data sheet
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Organophosphate insecticides
Isoxazoles
Organothiophosphate esters
Ethyl esters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20321 | The British Rail Class 321 is a class of electric multiple unit (EMU) passenger train built by British Rail Engineering Limited's York Carriage Works in three batches between 1988 and 1991 for Network SouthEast and Regional Railways. The class uses alternating current (AC) overhead electrification. The design was successful and led to the development of the similar Class 320 and Class 322.
After operating for various trains operating companies after the privatisation of British Rail, they were latterly operated by Greater Anglia until April 2023. Some have been converted to Class 320 and are operated by ScotRail.
Description
Three sub-classes were built. The first two were built for the Network SouthEast sector for operation on services from London Liverpool Street and London Euston, while the third was built for Regional Railways for use on West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive services from Leeds. As part of the privatisation of British Rail, ownership of the class passed from British Rail to the Eversholt Rail Group in April 1994.
Each unit consists of four carriages: (DTC-PMS-TS-DTS) all units have a maximum speed of .
They have been modified by the different rail companies which use them. The modifications include new seats, paintwork, lighting and passenger information systems.
The trains have been nicknamed "Dusty Bins" by some enthusiasts, after the TV game show "3-2-1" which featured a mascot called "Dusty Bin".
Class 321/3
In September 1987, Network SouthEast ordered 46 four-car units for use on services from London Liverpool Street to Cambridge and Southend Victoria, which became Class 321/3. The first was unveiled on 15 September 1988. A further 20 were ordered later. Units were numbered 321301–321366. The DTSO vehicle was equipped with a small area between the driver's cab and the first set of doors that could be used for the conveyance of parcels or luggage; this was indicated by a "P" following the unit number on the front of that vehicle.
These units replaced slam-door Class 305, Class 307, Class 308 and Class 309 units on trains to Clacton and Southend-on-Sea, and worked services on the newly electrified routes to Ipswich and Harwich. They also displaced many Class 312 slam-door units, which moved over to the London, Tilbury and Southend line. Some of the Class 309s were retained until 1994, and 24 of the newer Class 312 units were retained long-term to work services to Walton-on-the-Naze and peak services to Clacton, Ipswich and Witham. Units carried Network SouthEast livery from new.
The first of 30 321/3 units to be refurbished at Doncaster Works, as part of the Renatus project which modernised the stock with features such as new air conditioning and heating, seating and Wi-Fi was completed in December 2016.
Class 321/4
In October 1988 a second batch of 30 was ordered. It was intended that 25 be used on Great Eastern Main Line services and five on West Coast Main Line services, but in the event all were de |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HeroQuest%20%28disambiguation%29 | HeroQuest is an adventure board game by Milton Bradley and Games Workshop.
HeroQuest or Hero's Quest may also refer to:
HeroQuest (video game), a computer game adaptation of the board game
HeroQuest (role-playing game), formerly Hero Wars, rebranded Questworlds in 2020.
Hero's Quest or Quest for Glory, a computer game series
See also
Advanced HeroQuest, a Games Workshop-produced sequel to the board game
HeroQuest II: Legacy of Sorasil, a sequel to the first computer game |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compose%20key | A compose key (sometimes called multi key) is a key on a computer keyboard that indicates that the following (usually 2 or more) keystrokes trigger the insertion of an alternate character, typically a precomposed character or a symbol.
For instance, typing followed by and then will insert ñ.
Compose keys are most popular on Linux and other systems using the X Window System, but software exists to implement them on Windows and macOS.
History
The Compose Character key was introduced by engineers at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) on the LK201 keyboard, available since 1983 with the VT220 terminal. The keyboard included an LED indicating that a Compose sequence is on-going. While the LK201 introduced the group of command keys between the alphanumerical block and the numerical keypad, and the "inverted T" arrangement of arrow keys, which have become standard, the compose key by contrast did not become a standard.
In 1987, Sun Microsystems released the Sun4, the first dedicated Unix workstation that had a compose key. On the keyboards of Sun Type 5 and 6 workstations, the Compose LED is placed in the keycap (see picture below).
ISO/IEC 9995-7 designed a graphical symbol for this key, in ISO/IEC 9995-7 as symbol 15 "Compose Character", and in ISO 7000 "Graphical symbols for use on equipment" as symbol ISO-7000-2021. This symbol is encoded in Unicode as .
Because Microsoft Windows and macOS do not support a compose key by default, the key does not exist on most keyboards designed for modern PC hardware. When software supports compose key behaviour, some other key is used. Common examples are the right-hand Windows key, the key, or one of the keys. There is no keyboard LED or other physical indicator that a compose sequence is ongoing, though the OS may show some icon (such as the "Compose Character" symbol, below) on the user's text input field.
Compose sequences
If the Compose key is not also a modifier key, then key rollover means the compose key does not have to be released before the subsequent keystrokes. This makes it possible for experienced typists to enter composed characters rapidly.
Earlier versions of compose sequences followed handwriting and the overstrike technique by putting the letter first and diacritics second. For example produced the character ñ. This order is still in use, however the inverse order known from accent-mark dead keys present on the last typewriters is used today: for ñ. This allows multiple diacritics, for instance typing for ấ.
Non-accented characters are generally constructed from letters that when overtyped or sequenced would produce something like the character. For instance will produce the copyright symbol ©, and will produce Æ.
There is no intrinsic limit on sequence length, which should respect both the rules of mnemonics and ergonomics, and feasibility within a comprehensive compose tree. For example, might be inserted by , where indicates circled characters, indicates inverse, in |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%3ABase | R:BASE (or RBASE) is a relational database program for the PC created by Wayne Erickson in 1981. Erickson and his brother, Ron Erickson, incorporated the company, MicroRim, Inc. to sell the database, MicroRIM, on November 13, 1981.
In June 1998, A. Razzak Memon, President & CEO of R:BASE Technologies, Inc. (a privately held company in Murrysville, Pennsylvania) acquired the R:BASE products from Abacus Software Group. Since 1998, R:BASE is available as R:BASE for Windows v6.1a, v7.1, v7.5, v7.6, Turbo V-8, v9.1, v9.5 (32/64) for Windows, R:Base X, and now R:Base X.5.
History
Founding
Created by Wayne Erickson in 1981, the original R:Base database was written on a Heathkit CPM computer that Erickson built at home. On November 13, 1981, Erickson and his brother, Ron Erickson, incorporated the company, MicroRim, Inc. to sell the database, MicroRIM. (RIM was an acronym for Relational Information Management, a mainframe database developed by the IPAD project team, which included Erikson, at Boeing Computer Services, as part of NASA's IPAD project for which the team and NASA colleagues received a NASA award, was used by NASA to track Space Shuttle heat shield tiles).
The earliest version released by Microrim was called R:Base 4000 and was released in 1983. It worked with early version of Microsoft MS-DOS or IBM PC DOS (version 2 or above). It shipped with a binder-type manual and the program on 360KB floppy disks. The system being DOS-based, the interface was entirely text with the exception of DOS line-draw characters.
Privately funded and ultimately venture backed, the MicroRim database products achieved significant market share in the mid-1980s in what was dubbed by some, the "database wars" between R:Base and the market share leader, Ashton-Tate's dBASE. One MicroRim ad stated "R-way versus D-hardway," a jab at the less relational dBASE architecture. MicroRim adhered to the rules of the father of relational database technology, Edgar F. Codd and prided itself on the elegance of its code.
In the mid-1980s, when Microsoft did not have their own database, they obtained a license to resell R:BASE in Europe so they could have a full suite of software products.
1990s
In June 1998, R:BASE Technologies, Inc. (a privately held company in Murrysville, Pennsylvania, USA) acquired the R:BASE products from Abacus Software Group.
Recent years
Some of the features included, and continue to include, a programming-free application development wizard, automatic multi-user capabilities, a full-featured 4GL programming language, form, report and label designers, and a fully ANSI SQL compliant relational language capability.
Since September 2007, R:BASE has been available as R:BASE for Windows v7.6, R:BASE for DOS v7.6 and R:BASE Turbo V-8 for Windows. The Version 8.0 has an extended address management for file handling and is able to cover databases up to 2.3 million TB versus V7.6 which covers databases up to 2 GB. A German kernel has existed since R:Base V |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy%20management%20system | An energy management system (EMS) is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators of electric utility grids to monitor, control, and optimize the performance of the generation or transmission system. Also, it can be used in small scale systems like microgrids.
Terminology
The computer technology is also referred to as SCADA/EMS or EMS/SCADA. In these respects, the terminology EMS then excludes the monitoring and control functions, but more specifically refers to the collective suite of power network applications and to the generation control and scheduling applications.
Manufacturers of EMS also commonly supply a corresponding dispatcher training simulator (DTS). This related technology makes use of components of SCADA and EMS as a training tool for control center operators.
Operating systems
Up to the early 1990s it was common to find EMS systems being delivered based on proprietary hardware and operating systems. Back then EMS suppliers such as Harris Controls (now GE), Hitachi, Cebyc, Control Data Corporation, Siemens and Toshiba manufactured their own proprietary hardware. EMS suppliers that did not manufacture their own hardware often relied on products developed by Digital Equipment, Gould Electronics and MODCOMP. The VAX 11/780 from Digital Equipment was a popular choice amongst some EMS suppliers. EMS systems now rely on a model based approach. Traditional planning models and EMS models were always independently maintained and seldom in synchronism with each other. Using EMS software allows planners and operators to share a common model reducing the mismatch between the two and cutting model maintenance by half. Having a common user interface also allows for easier transition of information from planning to operations.
As proprietary systems became uneconomical, EMS suppliers began to deliver solutions based on industry standard hardware platforms such as those from Digital Equipment (later Compaq (later HP)), IBM and Sun. The common operating system then was either DEC OpenVMS or Unix. By 2004, various EMS suppliers including Alstom, ABB and OSI had begun to offer Windows based solutions. By 2006 customers had a choice of UNIX, Linux or Windows-based systems. Some suppliers including ETAP, NARI, PSI-CNI and Siemens continue to offer UNIX-based solutions. It is now common for suppliers to integrate UNIX-based solutions on either the Sun Solaris or IBM platform. Newer EMS systems based on blade servers occupy a fraction of the space previously required. For instance, a blade rack of 20 servers occupy much the same space as that previously occupied by a single MicroVAX server.
See also
Energy accounting
Energy conservation measure
Energy management
Energy management software, software to monitor and optimize energy consumption in buildings or communities
Energy storage as a service (ESaaS)
Load management for balancing the supply of electricity on a distribution network.
References
Further reading
EPRI (2005) Advanced Co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active-set%20method | In mathematical optimization, the active-set method is an algorithm used to identify the active constraints in a set of inequality constraints. The active constraints are then expressed as equality constraints, thereby transforming an inequality-constrained problem into a simpler equality-constrained subproblem.
An optimization problem is defined using an objective function to minimize or maximize, and a set of constraints
that define the feasible region, that is, the set of all x to search for the optimal solution. Given a point in the feasible region, a constraint
is called active at if , and inactive at if Equality constraints are always active. The active set at is made up of those constraints that are active at the current point .
The active set is particularly important in optimization theory, as it determines which constraints will influence the final result of optimization. For example, in solving the linear programming problem, the active set gives the hyperplanes that intersect at the solution point. In quadratic programming, as the solution is not necessarily on one of the edges of the bounding polygon, an estimation of the active set gives us a subset of inequalities to watch while searching the solution, which reduces the complexity of the search.
Active-set methods
In general an active-set algorithm has the following structure:
Find a feasible starting point
repeat until "optimal enough"
solve the equality problem defined by the active set (approximately)
compute the Lagrange multipliers of the active set
remove a subset of the constraints with negative Lagrange multipliers
search for infeasible constraints
end repeat
Methods that can be described as active-set methods include:
Successive linear programming (SLP)
Sequential quadratic programming (SQP)
Sequential linear-quadratic programming (SLQP)
Reduced gradient method (RG)
Generalized reduced gradient method (GRG)
References
Bibliography
Optimization algorithms and methods |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heron%20Quays | Heron Quays is an area of the Canary Wharf development on the Isle of Dogs, part of the London Docklands. It is served by a railway station on the London Docklands Light Railway network, Heron Quays DLR station, which was moved south after the development was expanded.
Three skyscrapers dominate the area: 25 Bank Street, 40 Bank Street and 10 Upper Bank Street.
Heron Quays was an area of dockside and warehousing which separated South Dock and Middle (Export) Dock of the West India Docks complex, completed in 1802 to service Britain's rapidly increasing trade with its global empire. However, by the 1970s the area had experienced a decline in industry and was derelict.
The nearest London Underground station is Canary Wharf on the Jubilee line and Heron Quays DLR station is a station on the Docklands Light Railway, both stations within Travelcard Zone 2.
The Heron Quays area of the Isle of Dogs was one of the first areas of the London Docklands to be redeveloped following the formation of the LDDC by an Act of Parliament in 1980.
The western half of the site was redeveloped into 2/3 storey commercial/office units in the mid 1980s, some of which stood partly on piles into the dock. These later became known as the 'Red Sheds'.
On 27 June 1982, Brymon Captain Harry Gee landed a De Havilland Canada Dash 7 aircraft on Heron Quay to demonstrate the feasibility of the STOLport project, the forerunner to the London City Airport project. A plaque celebrating this achievement lies above the entrance to the DLR station.
The relatively low-key, lower value style of the development in the early days of the LDDC have given way to high value high rise office development and has now become part of the expanded 'Canary Wharf'. The original DLR station built in near isolation was largely demolished and rebuilt to accommodate rapidly increasing passenger numbers and train lengths.
Much of the dock to the North of Heron Quays has been filled in to allow for development, including the construction of the Canary Wharf tube station.
References
Geography of the London Borough of Tower Hamlets |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teleamazonas | Teleamazonas is an Ecuadorian television network that was launched on 22 February 1974. It is one of the major television networks in the country. It was founded by Antonio Granda Centeno and has two feeds: one produced in Quito and broadcast in the rest of the country, and the other one produced in and distributed in Guayaquil and Guayas.
History
Teleamazonas began broadcasting on February 22, 1974, as the first network with colour television transmissions in Ecuador. Its headquarters and main studios are located in Quito. Teleamazonas got the most powerful microwave radio relay, acquired the first mobile television unit, and built in Guayaquil the biggest self-supported antenna. From the start, it was the first ever color TV station in Spanish-speaking Latin America, a move that would inspire its neighboring countries to make the switch to color TV.
In addition, the network made history as Ecuador's first true national network - while the Quito station had been opened during its first weeks, plans were underway to build a number of transmitter towers to relay programming to the provinces as well as to Guayaquil in the south as well as dedicated studios for regional news bureaus.
Founded by Antonio Granda Centeno, the channel was under control of his family until 2001, when Eduardo Granda Garcés paid a high debt to Banco del Pichincha. Fidel Egas Grijalva, major shareholder of the bank, took charge of Teleamazonas.
During the presidency of Rafael Correa, the network, particularly its flagship opinion maker and pundit Jorge Ortiz, has found itself at odds with the government, which accuses it of manipulating public opinion to suite the interests of the companies and shareholders who provide the capital for Teleamazonas such as the Banco del Pichincha. Several proceedings have taken place against Teleamazonas, culminating on December 23, 2009, when the network was ordered a 72-hour shutdown. This government move immediately prompted a backlash from advocacy groups who claimed to be acting in the interests of freedom of expression.
In September 2010, Fidel Egas sold his shares on Teleamazonas to several groups: 30% to the Peruvian media group La República, 48% to a group of Teleamazonas employees and 22% to a group of Fidel Egas' personal friends. Teleamazonas sale was the result of the mandate of the Ecuadorian Constitution of 2008, which provides that no person may simultaneously hold shares in banks and media. In 2019, Teleamazonas joined forces with Endemol Shine Group to create the first ever Ecuadorian version of MasterChef.
Programming
Teleamazonas has produced important national series and films like "Sucre", "En un rincón del alma", "Recuerdos en Paita", "El Gran Retorno", "J. J., El Ruiseñor de América", among others. The channel also airs dramas, films as well as anime shows like Doraemon. (both modern and classic versions), and Yo soy Betty, la fea, one of Colombia's most popular romantic telenovela.
References
External links |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon%20frame | Beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11 based WLANs. It contains all the information about the network. Beacon frames are transmitted periodically, they serve to announce the presence of a wireless LAN and to synchronise the members of the service set. Beacon frames are transmitted by the access point (AP) in an infrastructure basic service set (BSS). In IBSS network beacon generation is distributed among the stations. For the 2.4 GHz spectrum, when having more than 15 SSIDs on non-overlapping channels (or more than 45 in total), beacon frames start to consume significant amount of air time and degrade performance even when most of the networks are idle.
Components
Beacon frames consist of an 802.11 MAC header, body and FCS. Some of the fields in the body are listed below.
SSID
Supported rates
Frequency-hopping (FH) Parameter Set
Direct-Sequence (DS) Parameter Set
Contention-Free (CF) Parameter Set
IBSS Parameter Set
Traffic indication map (TIM)
Infrastructure network access points send beacons at a defined interval, which is often set to a default 100 TU which is equivalent to 102.4 ms. In the case of an ad hoc network where there are no access points, a peer station is responsible for sending the beacon. After an ad hoc station receives a beacon frame from a peer, it waits a random amount of time. After that random timeout has elapsed, it will send a beacon frame unless another station has already sent one. In this way, the responsibility of sending beacon frames is rotated amongst all the peers in the ad hoc network, while ensuring that beacons will always be sent.
Most access points allow the changing of the beacon interval. Increasing the beacon interval will cause the beacons to be sent less frequently. This reduces load on the network and increases throughput for clients on the network; however, it has the undesirable effect of delaying association and roaming processes as stations scanning for access points could potentially miss a beacon while scanning other channels. Alternatively, decreasing the beacon interval causes beacons to be sent more frequently. This increases load on the network and decreases throughput for users, but it does result in a quicker association and roaming process. An additional downside of decreasing the beacon interval is that stations in power save mode will consume more power as they must more frequently awake to receive beacons.
Inspecting an idle network with packet-monitoring tools such as tcpdump or Wireshark would show that most traffic on the network consists of beacon frames, with a few non-802-11 packets mixed in, such as DHCP packets. If users joined the network, responses to each beacon would begin to appear, along with regular traffic generated by the users.
Stations must schedule beacon transmission at the nominal beacon interval. However, the transmission may suffer some delays due to the channel access. Like other frames, beacons must follow the CSMA/CA al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel%207%20%28Thailand%29 | Channel 7 or Channel 7 HD, fully known as Bangkok Broadcasting & Television Company Limited Channel 7 (), is a Thai state-owned free-to-air television network that was launched on 27 November 1967. It is the first colour television broadcast in Mainland Southeast Asia. It is currently owned by the Royal Thai Army through Bangkok Broadcasting & Television. It is headquartered in Mo Chit, Chatuchak, Bangkok.
History
The channel was launched in a ceremony on 27 November 1967 at 7:00 pm TST. It was presided over by the then Prime Minister of Thailand Field Marshal Thanom Kittikachorn. The first programme to air was the 1967 Miss Thailand Pageant. Channel 7 was known back then as "Bangkok Colour Television Network", airing on Channel 5 and was the country's first colour television station using PAL Colour. On 1 January 1972, it started broadcasting nationwide. In 1974 it switched frequencies to VHF Channel 7, swapping with Royal Thai Army Television.
Channel 7 launched its high-definition television feed on 25 April 2014 on its digital terrestrial television system (DTT) on channel 35. Three years later, on 19 June 2017, Channel 7 was given authorisation from the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission to shut down its analogue frequencies in the rest of the country, in order to replace them with its digital channels on DTT. Thus, the network was expected to stop broadcasting on analogue 1 January 2018, but the process was postponed to 16 May 2018 and eventually completed on 16 June.
In July 2020, the Election Commission requested Channel 7 cease broadcast of the television drama series 'Love Song of the Gun Crack' over one of the actors, Krungsrivilai Sutin Phueak, stepping forward as a candidate for a Minister of Parliament for Samut Prakan's 5th District. The series was then suspended from 30 July to 9 August.
Programming
Notable sports
Channel 7 Boxing Stadium
Fairtex Fight Promotion
Notable television series
Khu Kam (1990)
Pob Pee Fah (1990)
Poot Mae Nam Khong (1992)
Dao Pra Sook (1994)
Rak Nakara (2000)
Phikun Thong (2003)
Uttai Tawee (2003)
Thep Sam Rudoo (2005)
Brave Man Standing (2008)
Nang Tard (2008)
Poot Mae Nam Khong (2008 remake)
Silamanee (2008)
Pob Pee Fa (2009 remake)
Suea Sang Fah (2011)
Dut Tawan Dang Phu-pha (2012)
Look Poochai Mai Ta Pode (2012)
Fai Huan (2013)
Suea Sung Fah II: Payak Payong (2013)
Pleng Rak Pha Puen Taek (2014)
Plerng Phra Nang (2017)
Tulip Thong (2017)
Sarawat Yai (2019)
Lhong Klin Chan (2021)
Satja Nai Chum Joan (Suea Sang Fah III) (2022)
Notable television shows
The Comedian Thailand (2013)
Dancing with the Stars Thailand (2013)
MasterChef Thailand (2017-present)
MasterChef Junior Thailand (2013, 2017-present)
Presenters
Tin Chokkamonkij
Swiss Leelapongwattana
Premsuda Santiwattana
Kamollat Aedsrichai
Chada Somboonphol
Sornsawan Phuwijit
Chohfah Lhaoariya
Nantipat Pothapan
Jetsada Upani
Panurat Saneebutr
Muanfun Prasarnpanit
Napassakorn Ser |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitel%20Bolivia | UNITEL (UNIVERSAL DE TELEVISIÓN) is a Bolivian commercial television network headquartered in Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. It was founded in 1987. It is owned by businessman Osvaldo Monasterio Nieme. The company broadcasts sports, entertainment, political programs, and daily news programs nationwide in the South American country.
The channel has broadcasting rights for sporting events such as the Bolivian Professional Football League and the World Cup since 2002. However, no league matches are broadcast live, but sold through streaming rights in Bolivia.
It broadcast several beauty projects, such as Miss Santa Cruz, Miss Bolivia, Reina Hispanoamericana, Miss Universe and Miss World from 2001 to 2017.
Since 2006, Unitel began broadcasting 24 hours of daily programming.
In mid-2013 it became the first Bolivian television station to broadcast, with its own production, an international format of the production company Endemol, Yo Me Llamo Bolivia.
Since August 2014, the channel broadcasts the youth program specialized in TVN Chile license games, called Calle7 Bolivia.
In 2018, the channel acquired the transmission licenses for Bolivia for the 2018 FIFA World Cup matches.
From 2 April 2018, the channel launched its own high-definition signal within the digital terrestrial television system under test, until 15 April, when it began broadcasting with the name of Unitel HD.
History
The channel originates from the purchase of ABC by "Illimani de Comunicaciones" and its subsequent sale to Tito Asbún, owner of Taquiña. In Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Illimani de Comunicaciones terminated the contract with the Monasterio family, beginning to operate through Channel 5. After several negotiations, the Monasterio group kept the shares of Telesistema Boliviano in La Paz and Oruro.
In April 1996, Unitel began broadcasting the CONMEBOL France 98 Qualifiers where it broadcast the away matches of the Bolivian Soccer Team against the teams of Venezuela, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina live for all of Bolivia, as well as the Monasterio family channel broadcast the three games of those South American qualifiers for France '98 also live for all of Bolivia.
In September 1997, the channel was officially launched via satellite and shortly thereafter it obtained national coverage. Today, it is considered one of the largest privately owned television networks in Bolivia.
From 2 April 2018, the channel launched its own high-definition signal within the Bolivian digital terrestrial television system in the test phase, until 15 April, when broadcasts officially started under the name of Unitel HD. In June 2018, the channel broadcast live 32 matches of the 2018 Russia World Cup in HD, becoming the first broadcast of a World Cup in HD in Bolivia.
In March 2021, Unitel removes all series that go past midnight (being replaced by Pare de Sufrir).
In the midst of the broadcast of the subnational elections, Unitel signed with WarnerMedia and Sony Pictures, broadcas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8TV%20%28Malaysian%20TV%20network%29 | 8tv () is a Malaysian Chinese-language free-to-air television network focused on the Chinese community of Malaysia. Its programming consists of mostly dramas, sitcoms and reality shows made in Chinese, either produced in Malaysia or imported from other countries, such as Hong Kong, China, Taiwan and Singapore, the occasional Korean drama is target for Malay viewers.
History
As MetroVision
Television channel 8TV began official broadcasts on 1 July 1995, then known as MetroVision. It was managed by City Television Sdn Bhd, part of the Melewar Group, which was controlled by a member of the Negeri Sembilan royal family. Other shareholders included Utusan Malaysia, Medan Mas and Diversified Systems. The first broadcast license granted to MetroVision was only for the Klang Valley (appx. 3 million viewers). MetroVision transmitted on UHF channel 27 from Gunung Ulu Kali (near Genting Highlands). It was first available only in Klang Valley, Seremban, parts of Pahang and Malacca, but later expanded to Kedah and Johor, also being receivable from Singapore. Metrovision had a Malay news programme named Warta Prima.
By the end of 1996, MetroVision was sold to a new owner. Due to the Asian financial crisis and overcrowding from other channels and pay-TV operators (such as Astro, Mega TV and NTV7), MetroVision shut down on 1 November 1999. The operator promised to re-start the channel in March 2000 after a supposed "signal upgrade" but that did not materialise. The staffs and personalities of MetroVision have since moved to different media companies after its shutdown.
Renamed 8TV and early history
On 8 January 2004, MetroVision was relaunched as and rebranded into 8TV under the entity of Metropolitan TV Sdn Bhd after the company was brought by Media Prima in 2003 with few Chinese, Malay and English contents in the beginning. Throughout its history, all the contents were gradually replaced by Chinese content as more of them were added to the channel's broadcasting slot. Mandarin is used in all of its news broadcasts nowadays and there was also a short-lived Malay news broadcast that was available in the channel's early years.
As a Chinese-oriented TV channel, 8TV broadcasts more Chinese programmes and movies and hold its own Chinese New Year campaign in conjunction with the Chinese New Year celebrations every year. As part of the campaign, the TV company distributes its Chinese New Year singles discography in competition with rival Astro since 2009. (Astro began to distribute Chinese New Year singles since 2008.) Beginning from 2015, 8TV release and distribute its Chinese New Year singles yearly with its own themes, theme songs and mascots based on the 12 animal zodiac as well as its related merchandise (e.g. soft toys). Over the years, it also collaborate with other Media Prima partners for the singles such as 8FM (formerly One FM) and NTV7. In addition, the discography team also tour across the country to promote their discography and its merchandise. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Philippines%20Network | Radio Philippines Network, Inc. (RPN) is a Philippine television and radio company based in Quezon City. It is the flagship media property of Nine Media Corporation of the ALC Group of Companies; along with the Presidential Communications Office (PCO) and Far East Managers and Investors Inc. (owned by the family of company founder Roberto Benedicto), among others, as major shareholders. The network's main offices and transmitter is located at Panay Avenue, Brgy. South Triangle also in Quezon City. Founded by Roberto Benedicto and prior to its privatization, it was the sister station of current government owned and controlled Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation and formerly an attached agency of the now-PCO, despite having 20% minority stake in ownership.
Radio Philippines Network operates television stations with airtime being leased by its parent Nine Media, serving as primary broadcasters of CNN Philippines, a local franchise of the Cable News Network. RPN also operates regional AM radio stations under the brand Radyo Ronda, serving as partial affiliate of sister station DWIZ in Metro Manila.
History
As Kanlaon Broadcasting System (1960–1975)
Early years (1960-1972)
Radio Philippines Network was founded in February 25, 1960 by Roberto Benedicto with the Congress of the Philippines approved its franchise in June 19, 1960.
Instead of using its franchise name, the network instead first used Kanlaon Broadcasting System as its initial branding. Kanlaon is a volcano on the Philippine island of Negros, the hometown of Benedicto. Kanlaon Broadcasting System started broadcasting as a radio network with its first station DZBI in Manila. By 1967, KBS had expanded operations with seven radio stations all over the country, namely, DZRR and DZAX in Manila, DZBS in Baguio, DZTG in Tuguegarao, DZRL in Laoag (later moved to Batac), DXXX in Zamboanga and DXDX in Dadiangas. Philippine radio veteran Ben Aniceto was the operations director at the time.
The network began broadcasting on television in October 15, 1969, with the launch of KBS-9 Manila as the network's flagship TV station. KBS-12 Baguio also went on air in the same year.
Properties and funding for KBS network partly came from ABS-CBN in the form of its old headquarters and studios along Roxas Boulevard and equipment from Toshiba enabling them to broadcast in color. As a result, on its launch it was branded Accucolor 9 – an RPN station ("Accucolor" is the name of the color technology used) as the first Philippine television network to launch in full color.
In 1970, KBS also acquired a color-ready production truck (OB van) for the remote broadcasts of major news events and sports coverages (including Olympics). The network also pioneered newscasting on television, as they launched the first ever newspaper-format nightly newscast titled NewsWatch, replacing the short-lived KBS Eyewitness Reports. Back then, broadcast hours were limited to late afternoons up to around midnight; except for Sun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Yates | Samuel Yates (May 10, 1919 in Savannah, Georgia – April 22, 1991 in New Brunswick, New Jersey) was a computer engineer and mathematician who first described unique primes in the 1980s. In 1984 he began the list of "Largest Known Primes" (today The Prime Pages) and coined the name titanic prime for any prime with 1,000 or more decimal digits. He also called those who proved their primality "titans". He is the author of Repunits and Repetends.
Samuel Yatrofsky married May Berkowitz on April 5, 1941, in Brooklyn, NY, and along with his wife, brother and brother's wife, changed their surname from Yatrofsky to Yates on June 25, 1943, in Burlington County, New Jersey, due to anti-Semitism. He is buried in Beth Israel Jewish Cemetery in Woodbridge, NJ.
External links
Number theorists
20th-century American mathematicians
1991 deaths
1919 births
Scientists from Georgia (U.S. state) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic%20cryptanalysis | Acoustic cryptanalysis is a type of side channel attack that exploits sounds emitted by computers or other devices.
Most of the modern acoustic cryptanalysis focuses on the sounds produced by computer keyboards and internal computer components, but historically it has also been applied to impact printers, and electromechanical deciphering machines.
History
Victor Marchetti and John D. Marks eventually negotiated the declassification of CIA acoustic intercepts of the sounds of cleartext printing from encryption machines. Technically this method of attack dates to the time of FFT hardware being cheap enough to perform the task; in this case the late 1960s to mid-1970s. However, using other more primitive means such acoustical attacks were made in the mid-1950s.
In his book Spycatcher, former MI5 operative Peter Wright discusses use of an acoustic attack against Egyptian Hagelin cipher machines in 1956. The attack was codenamed "ENGULF".
Known attacks
In 2004, Dmitri Asonov and Rakesh Agrawal of the IBM Almaden Research Center announced that computer keyboards and keypads used on telephones and automated teller machines (ATMs) are vulnerable to attacks based on the sounds produced by different keys. Their attack employed a neural network to recognize the key being pressed. By analyzing recorded sounds, they were able to recover the text of data being entered. These techniques allow an attacker using covert listening devices to obtain passwords, passphrases, personal identification numbers (PINs), and other information entered via keyboards. In 2005, a group of UC Berkeley researchers performed a number of practical experiments demonstrating the validity of this kind of threat.
Also in 2004, Adi Shamir and Eran Tromer demonstrated that it may be possible to conduct timing attacks against a CPU performing cryptographic operations by analyzing variations in acoustic emissions. Analyzed emissions were ultrasonic noise emanating from capacitors and inductors on computer motherboards, not electromagnetic emissions or the human-audible humming of a cooling fan. Shamir and Tromer, along with new collaborator Daniel Genkin and others, then went on to successfully implement the attack on a laptop running a version of GnuPG (an RSA implementation), using either a mobile phone located close to the laptop, or a laboratory-grade microphone located up to 4 m away, and published their experimental results in December 2013.
Acoustic emissions occur in coils and capacitors because of small movements when a current surge passes through them. Capacitors in particular change diameter slightly as their many layers experience electrostatic attraction/repulsion or piezoelectric size change. A coil or capacitor which emits acoustic noise will, conversely, also be microphonic, and the high-end audio industry takes steps with coils and capacitors to reduce these microphonics (immissions) because they can muddy a hi-fi amplifier's sound.
In March 2015, it was mad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20Student%20Network | The Progressive Student Network (PSN) was a national, multi-issue, progressive college student activist organization in the United States. It was founded at a conference in 1980 as a merger of the Revolutionary Student Brigade, the Midwest Coalition against Registration and the Draft (Mid-CARD), and the Student Coalition Against Nukes Nationwide (SCANN). The founding of the PSN commemorated the 10 year anniversary of the National Guard killing student anti-war protesters at Kent State and Jackson State in 1970. The PSN quickly grew and attracted many new progressive student activist groups motivated to protest against the shift to the right in U.S. politics when Ronald Reagan was elected president in 1980.
Through the 1980s and into the early 1990s the PSN worked on many issues including organizing against U.S. military intervention in the Central American countries of Nicaragua and El Salvador (the PSN supported the Sandinistas and the FMLN); organizing to kick the CIA off university campuses; the movement against apartheid in South Africa; organizing against the ROTC presence on college campuses; defending women's reproductive rights; and others. PSN groups also led numerous struggles against instances of racism, sexism and homophobia that came up on their campuses. PSN organized a large conference in 1990 at Kent State to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the 1970 Kent State and Jackson State student killings.
PSN News
The PSN published a newspaper called PSN News, which came out sporadically, but usually at least a couple times per semester. In the early years PSN News was published by the UMass Amherst Radical Student Union and the George Washington University Progressive Student Union. Then for most of the 1980s it was published by the University of Iowa PSN chapter, New Wave. In the 1990s it was published by the University of Wisconsin - Madison Progressive Student Network chapter.
References
External links
Some history of the PSN was adapted from the document Building a New National Progressive Student Activist Organization; A Proposal Submitted for the Consideration of the U.S. Student Movement by Eric Odell, November 1997
Progressive Alliance ClearingHouse -- Part II, 1992 re-post of 1989 proposal for Progressive Student Newspaper (PSN) Electronic Network (PSN-EN), by HarelB , co-founder of internet's first moderated activism/politics usenet group (misc.activism.progressive , founded March 1991)with appendix by Charlie Forcey, editor of Princeton's Progressive Review.
Archive of some PSN documents from the early 1990s
Kent State University library PSN collection
Progressive Student Network archive on Left Spot
Political advocacy groups in the United States |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Courtois | Nicolas Tadeusz Courtois (born 14 November 1971) is a cryptographer and senior lecturer in computer science at University College London.
Courtois was one of the co-authors of both the XSL attack against block ciphers, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard, and the XL system for solving systems of algebraic equations used in the attack. Other cryptographic results of Courtois include algebraic attacks on stream ciphers, attacks on the KeeLoq and Hitag 2 systems used for remote keyless automobile entry systems, and an analysis of cryptographic weaknesses in public transit smart cards including the London Underground Oyster card and the Dutch OV-chipkaart. More recently, he has written about cryptocurrency.
Courtois graduated from University of Paris VI: Pierre et Marie Curie, where he received his doctoral degree in cryptography.
References
Modern cryptographers
French cryptographers
1971 births
Living people
Pierre and Marie Curie University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20client | A game client is a network client that connects an individual user to the main game server, used mainly in multiplayer video games. It collects data such as score, player status, position and movement from a single player and send it to the game server, which allows the server to collect each individual's data and show every player in game, whether it is an arena game on a smaller scale or a massive game with thousands of players on the same map. Even though the game server displays each player's information for every player in a game, players still have their own unique perspective from the information collected by the game client, so that every player's perspective of the game is different, even though the world for every player is the same. The game client also allows the information sharing among users. An example would be item exchange in many MMORPG games where a player exchange an item he/she doesn't want for an item he/she wants, the game clients interconnect with each other and allows the sharing of information, in this exchanging items. Since many games requires a centralized space for players to gather and a way for users to exchange their information, many game clients are a hybrid of client-server and peer-to-peer application structures.
History
The World Wide Web was born on a NeXTCube with a 256Mhz cpu, 2GB of disk, and a gray scale monitor running NeXTSTEP OS. Sir Tim Berners-Lee put the first web page online on August 6, 1991, while working for CERN in Geneva Switzerland. Online gaming started in the early seventies. At that time Dial-up bulletin boards provided players with a way of playing games over the internet. In the 1990s, new technologies enabled gaming sites to pop up all over the internet. The client-server system provided online gaming a way to function on a large scale.
Functions
A game client has 4 primary functions: Receive inputs, Analyzes data, Gives feedback, Adjust system
Receives input
A game client receives input from an individual user. In an FPS game, for example, a player does many different actions such as move, shoot and communicate. Each of them will require the player to control the input devices. After receiving those inputs, the game client will send it back to the server.
Analyzes data
The game client decodes and displays information that makes up the game world, including objects stored in the computer and action results made by players, and then translate these information onto the user interface and the output devices.
Gives feedback
The server process the information and send it back to the client. The client will display the processed information to the player according to the player's point of view, so that each player will have a different perspective of the screen due to their private clients.
Adjust system
The client will also detect any changes made according to the players during the gaming session, including layouts and settings. Since a game is real-time and players are const |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyco | Psyco is an unmaintained specializing just-in-time compiler for pre-2.7 Python originally developed by Armin Rigo and further maintained and developed by Christian Tismer. Development ceased in December, 2011.
Psyco ran on BSD-derived operating systems, Linux, Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows using 32-bit Intel-compatible processors. Psyco was written in C and generated only 32-bit x86-based code.
Although Tismer announced on 17 July 2009 that work was being done on a second version of Psyco, a further announcement declared the project "unmaintained and dead" on 12 March 2012 and pointed visitors to PyPy instead. Unlike Psyco, PyPy incorporates an interpreter and a compiler that can generate C, improving its cross-platform compatibility over Psyco.
Speed enhancement
Psyco can noticeably speed up CPU-bound applications. The actual performance depends greatly on the application and varies from a slight slowdown to a 100x speedup.
The average speed improvement is typically in the 1.5-4x range, making Python performance close to languages such as Smalltalk and Scheme, but still slower than compiled languages such as Fortran, C or some other JIT languages like C# and Java.
Psyco also advertises its ease of use: the simplest Psyco optimization involves adding only two lines to the top of a script:
import psyco
psyco.full()
These commands will import the psyco module, and have Psyco optimize the entire script. This approach is best suited to shorter scripts, but demonstrates the minimal amount of work needed to begin applying Psyco optimizations to an existing program.
See also
PyPy
Unladen Swallow
Cython
YARV (Yet another Ruby VM)
References
External links
David Mertz's IBM developerWorks article: Make Python run as fast as C with Psyco
psyco notes, Poor Yorick
Free software programmed in Python
Python (programming language) implementations
Python (programming language) software
Software using the MIT license |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyinstantiation | Polyinstantiation in computer science is the concept of type (class, database row or otherwise) being instantiated into multiple independent instances (objects, copies). It may also indicate, such as in the case of database polyinstantiation, that two different instances have the same name (identifier, primary key).
Operating system security
In Operating system security, polyinstantiation is the concept of creating a user or process specific view of a shared resource. I.e. Process A cannot affect process B by writing malicious code to a shared resource, such as UNIX directory /tmp.
Polyinstantiation of shared resources have similar goals as process isolation, an application of virtual memory, where processes are assigned their own isolated virtual address space to prevent process A writing into the memory space of process B.
Database
In databases, polyinstantiation is database-related SQL (structured query language) terminology. It allows a relation to contain multiple rows with the same primary key; the multiple instances are distinguished by their security levels. It occurs because of mandatory policy. Depending on the security level established, one record contains sensitive information, and the other one does not, that is, a user will see the record's information depending on his/her level of confidentiality previously dictated by the company's policy
Consider the following table, where the primary key is Name and λ(x) is the security level:
Although useful from a security standpoint, polyinstantiation raises several problems:
Moral scrutiny, since it involves lying
Providing consistent views
Explosion in the number of rows
Cryptography
In cryptography, polyinstantiation is the existence of a cryptographic key in more than one secure physical location.
References
Object-oriented database management systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FILECOMP |
BBN Filecomp
FILECOMP was a programming language developed at Bolt, Beranek and Newman (BBN). It was one of the three variants of JOSS II (along with TELCOMP and STRINGCOMP) that were developed by BBN.
The language was developed by Jordan Baruch specifically for the GE MEDINET project (Ed Yourdon's first "Death March” project). It added implicit file handling capabilities and was influential on MUMPS.
RCA FileComp
Filecomp or FileComp was a type composition language that ran on the RCA 1600 computer attached to the RCA Graphic Services Division (GSD) VideoComp CRT typesetter.
The VideoComp was developed by Dr. Rudolf Hell of Kiel, Germany, as the Digiset, and marketed by RCA GSD in the U.S. in the late 1960s and early 1970s as the VideoComp. When RCA got out of the computer business, support of the VideoComp was taken over by Information International, Inc. or Triple I.
Filecomp resembled an odd mix of Fortran, Cobol, Assembly and RCA GSD Page-1 Composition Languages. The user would write a program in Filecomp to read a computer data base or text file and compose it for typeset output.
References
JOSS programming language family |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20Gotterbarn | Donald William Gotterbarn is a computer ethics researcher. Gotterbarn received his Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1971 from the University of Rochester. He also earned his M. Div. from the Colgate Rochester Divinity School.
Professional career
Gotterbarn is an author of the Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice which promotes ethics among software engineers. He is the chair of the Association for Computing Machinery Committee on Professional Ethics.
Gotterbarn is a Professor Emeritus at East Tennessee State University in Johnson City, TN.
Awards
ACM SIGCAS Making a Difference Award, 2002
For research and work regarding computer and software engineering ethics.
Outstanding Contribution to the ACM Award, 2005
"for exceptional accomplishments and leadership as both an educator and practitioner, in establishing the ACM's Codes of Ethics and promoting the ethical behavior of computing professionals and organizations."
Weizenbaum Award, 2010
"for his role in developing the moral consciousness of the profession."
See also
Computer ethics
References
External links
Donald Gotterbarn's personal web site
University of Rochester alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
East Tennessee State University faculty
Living people
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SwingWorker | SwingWorker is a popular utility class developed by Sun Microsystems for the Swing library of the Java programming language. SwingWorker enables proper use of the event dispatching thread. As of Java 6, SwingWorker is included in the JRE.
Several incompatible, unofficial, versions of SwingWorker were produced from 1998 to 2006, and care must be taken to avoid the abundant documentation on these versions predating Java 6.
Usage in Java 6.0
The event dispatching thread problem
SwingWorker is useful when a time-consuming task has to be performed following a user-interaction event (for example, parsing a huge XML File, on pressing a JButton). The most straightforward way to do it is :
private Document doc;
...
JButton button = new JButton("Open XML");
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
doc = loadXML();
}
});
This will work, but unfortunately, the loadXML() method will be called in the same thread as the main Swing thread (the Event dispatching thread), so if the method needs time to perform, the GUI will freeze during this time.
SwingWorker solution
This problem is not specific to Java, but common to many GUI models. SwingWorker proposes a way to solve it by performing the time-consuming task on another background thread, keeping the GUI responsive during this time.
Creating the worker
The following code defines the SwingWorker, which encapsulates the loadXML() method call :
SwingWorker worker = new SwingWorker<Document, Void>() {
@Override
public Document doInBackground() {
Document intDoc = loadXML();
return intDoc;
}
};
Worker execution
Execution is started by using the
method.
Retrieving the result
The result can be retrieved by using the method.
As calling on the Event Dispatch Thread blocks all events, including repaints, from being processed until the task completes, one must avoid calling it before the lengthy operation has finished. There are two ways to retrieve the result after the task completion :
override the method. This method is called on the main event dispatching thread.
private Document doc;
...
SwingWorker<Document, Void> worker = new SwingWorker<Document, Void>() {
@Override
public Document doInBackground() {
Document intDoc = loadXML();
return intDoc;
}
@Override
public void done() {
try {
doc = get();
} catch (InterruptedException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
register a listener by using the worker method. The listener will be notified of changes in the worker state.
Complete Worker example
private Document doc;
...
JButton button = new JButton("Open XML");
button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
@Override
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
SwingWorker<Document, Void> worker
= new |
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