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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Canadian%20provinces%20by%20unemployment%20rate
The list of Canadian provinces by unemployment rate are statistics that directly refer to the nation's seasonally adjusted unemployment rate. Below is a comparison of the seasonally adjusted unemployment rates by province/territory, sortable by name or unemployment rate. Data provided by Statistics Canada's Labour Force Survey. Not seasonally adjusted data reflects the actual current unemployment rate, while seasonally adjusted data removes the seasonal component from the information. Unemployment by province or territory Definitions of modern full employment range from 3% to 6% unemployment rates. Data differences from US rates Canada uses a different measure to gauge the unemployment rate than the United States calculation. An analyst with the American Bureau of Labour Statistics stated that if the Canadian unemployment rate were adjusted to U.S. concepts, it would be reduced by 1 percentage point. Unemployment extremes The lowest level of national unemployment came in 1947 with a 2.2% unemployment rate, a result of the smaller pool of available workers caused by casualties from the Second World War. The highest level of unemployment throughout Canada was set on December 1982, when the early 1980s recession resulted in 13.1% of the adult population being out of work due to economic factors that originated in the United States. The primary cause of the early 1980s recession was a contractionary monetary policy established by the Federal Reserve System to control high inflation. During the Great Depression, urban unemployment throughout Canada was 19%; Toronto's rate was 17%, according to the census of 1931. Farmers who stayed on their farms were not considered unemployed. References Canadian provinces Canada, unemployment rate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cram%C3%A9r%27s%20V
In statistics, Cramér's V (sometimes referred to as Cramér's phi and denoted as φc) is a measure of association between two nominal variables, giving a value between 0 and +1 (inclusive). It is based on Pearson's chi-squared statistic and was published by Harald Cramér in 1946. Usage and interpretation φc is the intercorrelation of two discrete variables and may be used with variables having two or more levels. φc is a symmetrical measure: it does not matter which variable we place in the columns and which in the rows. Also, the order of rows/columns doesn't matter, so φc may be used with nominal data types or higher (notably, ordered or numerical). Cramér's V varies from 0 (corresponding to no association between the variables) to 1 (complete association) and can reach 1 only when each variable is completely determined by the other. It may be viewed as the association between two variables as a percentage of their maximum possible variation. φc2 is the mean square canonical correlation between the variables. In the case of a 2 × 2 contingency table Cramér's V is equal to the absolute value of Phi coefficient. Calculation Let a sample of size n of the simultaneously distributed variables and for be given by the frequencies number of times the values were observed. The chi-squared statistic then is: where is the number of times the value is observed and is the number of times the value is observed. Cramér's V is computed by taking the square root of the chi-squared statistic divided by the sample size and the minimum dimension minus 1: where: is the phi coefficient. is derived from Pearson's chi-squared test is the grand total of observations and being the number of columns. being the number of rows. The p-value for the significance of V is the same one that is calculated using the Pearson's chi-squared test. The formula for the variance of V=φc is known. In R, the function cramerV() from the package rcompanion calculates V using the chisq.test function from the stats package. In contrast to the function cramersV() from the lsr package, cramerV() also offers an option to correct for bias. It applies the correction described in the following section. Bias correction Cramér's V can be a heavily biased estimator of its population counterpart and will tend to overestimate the strength of association. A bias correction, using the above notation, is given by   where   and     Then estimates the same population quantity as Cramér's V but with typically much smaller mean squared error. The rationale for the correction is that under independence, . See also Other measures of correlation for nominal data: The Percent Maximum Difference The phi coefficient Tschuprow's T The uncertainty coefficient The Lambda coefficient The Rand index Davies–Bouldin index Dunn index Jaccard index Fowlkes–Mallows index Other related articles: Contingency table Effect size References External links A Measure of Associat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia%20men%27s%20national%20soccer%20team%20all-time%20record
The lists shown below shows the Australia men's national soccer team all-time record against opposing nations. The statistics are composed of FIFA World Cup, FIFA Confederations Cup, OFC Nations Cup, AFC Asian Cup and Summer Olympics matches, as well as numerous international friendly tournaments and matches. Head-to-head record Only "A" internationals are included. Although there is some conjecture regarding the status of a number of games, the table includes all fixtures recognised by Football Australia as "A" internationals and as such is used to recognise caps, goal scorers, captaincy records, etc. Last match updated on 17 October 2023 vs. . Notes: 1 includes 2 includes 3 includes 4 includes 5 includes 6 includes & Performances Performance by competition For performances by major tournaments refer to Competitive record Best results The following table shows Australia's best results against opposition by confederation, Only "A" internationals are included. UEFA Notes: 1 includes Czechoslovakia 2 includes West Germany 3 includes Macedonia 4 includes Soviet Union 5 includes Yugoslavia CONMEBOL CONCACAF CAF Notes: 1 includes Southern Rhodesia and Rhodesia AFC Notes: 1 includes South Vietnam OFC Penalty shoot-out record References Australia men's national soccer team records and statistics National association football team all-time records
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real%20hyperelliptic%20curve
There are two types of hyperelliptic curves, a class of algebraic curves: real hyperelliptic curves and imaginary hyperelliptic curves which differ by the number of points at infinity. Hyperelliptic curves exist for every genus . The general formula of Hyperelliptic curve over a finite field is given by where satisfy certain conditions. In this page, we describe more about real hyperelliptic curves, these are curves having two points at infinity while imaginary hyperelliptic curves have one point at infinity. Definition A real hyperelliptic curve of genus g over K is defined by an equation of the form where has degree not larger than g+1 while must have degree 2g+1 or 2g+2. This curve is a non singular curve where no point in the algebraic closure of satisfies the curve equation and both partial derivative equations: and . The set of (finite) –rational points on C is given by where is the set of points at infinity. For real hyperelliptic curves, there are two points at infinity, and . For any point , the opposite point of is given by ; it is the other point with x-coordinate a that also lies on the curve. Example Let where over . Since and has degree 6, thus is a curve of genus g = 2. The homogeneous version of the curve equation is given by It has a single point at infinity given by (0:1:0) but this point is singular. The blowup of has 2 different points at infinity, which we denote and . Hence this curve is an example of a real hyperelliptic curve. In general, every curve given by an equation where f has even degree has two points at infinity and is a real hyperelliptic curve while those where f has odd degree have only a single point in the blowup over (0:1:0) and are thus imaginary hyperelliptic curves. In both cases this assumes that the affine part of the curve is non-singular (see the conditions on the derivatives above) Arithmetic in a real hyperelliptic curve In real hyperelliptic curve, addition is no longer defined on points as in elliptic curves but on divisors and the Jacobian. Let be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over a finite field K. A divisor on is a formal finite sum of points on . We write where and for almost all . The degree of is defined by is said to be defined over if for all automorphisms σ of over . The set of divisors of defined over forms an additive abelian group under the addition rule The set of all degree zero divisors of defined over is a subgroup of . We take an example: Let and . If we add them then . The degree of is and the degree of is . Then, For polynomials , the divisor of is defined by If the function has a pole at a point then is the order of vanishing of at . Assume are polynomials in ; the divisor of the rational function is called a principal divisor and is defined by . We denote the group of principal divisors by , i.e., . The Jacobian of over is defined by . The factor group is also called the divisor class group of . The ele
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kettlethorpe%20High%20School
Kettlethorpe High School (KHS) is a mixed secondary school with specialist status for maths and computing in Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. It provides for children ages 11–16, with a comprehensive admissions policy, and in January 2022 had an enrolment of 1,619 pupils. Qur'an controversy In February 2023, the school suspended four Year 10 pupils for causing minor damage to the pages of a personal copy of the Qur'an by dropping it accidentally. While there were rumours of deliberate damage, a school investigation finding there was no "malicious intent". The Free Speech Union wrote a letter demanding that West Yorkshire Police expunge the hate incident record against the four boys. The mother of one autistic boy said that he had stopped eating due to death threats, and Home Secretary Suella Braverman expressed concern at the police involvement in the matter. Humanists UK alleged that the school took severe disciplinary action because of religious pressure. Notable people Philippa Thomas, British television journalist, is an ex-pupil of the school. Stuart Lancaster, England International Rugby Coach, was a PE teacher at the school. Claire Cooper, actress, starred in Hollyoaks. Chris Chester, ex-rugby league player for Halifax, Wigan Warriors, Hull F.C. and coach of Hull Kingston Rovers and Wakefield Trinity. Amy Garcia, BBC Look North newsreader. References External links Schools in Wakefield Secondary schools in the City of Wakefield Community schools in the City of Wakefield Specialist maths and computing colleges in England
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadirashvili%20surface
In differential geometry, a Nadirashvili surface is an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3 with negative curvature. The first example of such a surface was constructed by in . This simultaneously answered a question of Hadamard about whether there was an immersed complete bounded surface in R3 with negative curvature, and a question of Eugenio Calabi and Shing-Tung Yau about whether there was an immersed complete bounded minimal surface in R3. showed that a complete immersed surface in R3 cannot have constant negative curvature, and show that the curvature cannot be bounded above by a negative constant. So Nadirashvili's surface necessarily has points where the curvature is arbitrarily close to 0. References Differential geometry Surfaces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Bentley%20Stringer
John Bentley Stringer (17 February 1928 – 4 May 1979) was a British computer pioneer. At Cambridge Maths Lab he worked with Maurice Wilkes creating the concept of microcode. He then became a civil servant firstly at the National Physical Laboratory then at the Government Communications Headquarters. Publications References 1928 births 1979 deaths Members of the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory British computer scientists Computer designers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorn%20ring
In mathematics, a Zorn ring is an alternative ring in which for every non-nilpotent x there exists an element y such that xy is a non-zero idempotent . named them after Max August Zorn, who studied a similar condition in . For associative rings, the definition of Zorn ring can be restated as follows: the Jacobson radical J(R) is a nil ideal and every right ideal of R which is not contained in J(R) contains a nonzero idempotent. Replacing "right ideal" with "left ideal" yields an equivalent definition. Left or right Artinian rings, left or right perfect rings, semiprimary rings and von Neumann regular rings are all examples of associative Zorn rings. References Non-associative algebras Ring theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahi%20Island
{ "type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [ { "type": "Feature", "properties": {}, "geometry": { "type": "Point", "coordinates": [ 45.508203650853886, 37.84685557408342 ] } } ] } Shahi Island (, , ), which literally translate to Royal Island is the largest island in Urmia Lake, East Azerbaijan Province in Iran. Shahi Island is 23,000 hectares and is located in eastern part of the lake. The island is the only inhabited island in Lake Urmia, with seven villages: Burachalu, Ghebchagh, Teymurlu, and Bahramabad. These villages were located on the shores of the island. However the water level in the lake has been falling, and the "island" is now connected to the mainland from its eastern side and it forms a peninsula. The Shahi island is a rural district (dehestan) in Osku County. Mongol ruler In 1265 Hulagu Khan, the Mongol conqueror of Bagdad, was buried in a mountain (or castle) in the island supposedly with all of his wealth. His tomb has still not been uncovered. Name change After Iranian revolution on 1979, the revolutionaries changed the name of the island to Eslami Island (Jazireh-ye-Eslami). References Islands of Iran Osku County Lake islands of Iran
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EJP
EJP may refer to: Scholarly journals Electronic Journal of Probability European Journal of Personality European Journal of Philosophy European Journal of Physics European Journal of Pharmacology Other uses United National Party (Sinhalese: ), a political party in Sri Lanka European Jewish Parliament, a non-governmental organization Eurojackpot, transnational European lottery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spt%20function
The spt function (smallest parts function) is a function in number theory that counts the sum of the number of smallest parts in each partition of a positive integer. It is related to the partition function. The first few values of spt(n) are: 1, 3, 5, 10, 14, 26, 35, 57, 80, 119, 161, 238, 315, 440, 589 ... Example For example, there are five partitions of 4 (with smallest parts underlined): 3 + + 2 + + + + + These partitions have 1, 1, 2, 2, and 4 smallest parts, respectively. So spt(4) = 1 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 4 = 10. Properties Like the partition function, spt(n) has a generating function. It is given by where . The function is related to a mock modular form. Let denote the weight 2 quasi-modular Eisenstein series and let denote the Dedekind eta function. Then for , the function is a mock modular form of weight 3/2 on the full modular group with multiplier system , where is the multiplier system for . While a closed formula is not known for spt(n), there are Ramanujan-like congruences including References Combinatorics Integer sequences
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France%20national%20football%20team%20records%20and%20statistics
This list of France national football team records contains statistical accomplishments related to the France national football team (), its players, and its managers. The France national team represents the nation of France in international football. It is fielded by the French Football Federation () and competes as a member of UEFA. Individual records Player records Most appearancesHugo Lloris, 145, 19 November 2008 — 18 December 2022 Other centurions Lilian Thuram, 142, 17 August 1994 — 13 June 2008 Olivier Giroud, 127, 11 November 2011 — present Antoine Griezmann, 125, 5 March 2014 — present Thierry Henry, 123, 11 October 1997 — 22 June 2010 Marcel Desailly, 116, 22 August 1993 — 17 June 2004 Zinedine Zidane, 108, 17 August 1994 — 9 July 2006 Patrick Vieira, 107, 26 February 1997 — 2 June 2009 Didier Deschamps, 103, 29 October 1989 — 2 September 2000 Most appearances as a captain Hugo Lloris, 121, 17 November 2010 — 18 December 2022 Most goals Olivier Giroud, 54, 2011 — present Longest France career Karim Benzema, 15 years, 86 days, 28 March 2007 — 13 June 2022 Shortest France career Franck Jurietti, 5 seconds, 12 October 2005 v. Cyprus Oldest player Larbi Ben Barek, 40 years and 150 days, 6 October 1954 v. West Germany Youngest player Julien Verbrugghe, 16 years and 306 days, 1 November 1906 v. England Amateurs Most appearances at the World Cup finals Hugo Lloris, 20, 11 June 2010 — 18 December 2022 Appearances at four World Cup final tournaments Thierry Henry, 1998, 2002, 2006, and 2010Hugo Lloris, 2010, 2014, 2018, and 2022 Most goals scored at the World Cup finals Just Fontaine, 13, 8 June 1958 — 28 June 1958 Youngest goalscorer at the World Cup finals Kylian Mbappé, 19 years and six months, 21 June 2018 v. Peru. Most appearances at the European Championship finals Lilian Thuram, 16, 10 June 1996 — 13 June 2008 Appearances at four European Championship final tournaments Lilian Thuram, 1996, 2000, 2004, and 2008Hugo Lloris, 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020 Most goals scored at the European Championship finals Michel Platini, 9, 12 June 1984 — 27 June 1984 Most appearances on aggregate at the World Cup and European Championship finals Lilian Thuram, 32, 10 June 1996 — 13 June 2008 Most appearances at the FIFA Confederations Cup finals Sylvain Wiltord, 10, 30 May 2001 — 29 June 2003 Robert Pires, 10, 30 May 2001 — 29 June 2003 Appearances in three different decades Julien Darui, 1930s, 1940s, 1950s Robert Jonquet, 1940s, 1950s, 1960s Henri Michel, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s Laurent Blanc, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s Didier Deschamps, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s Thierry Henry, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s Nicolas Anelka, 1990s, 2000s, 2010s Hugo Lloris, 2000s, 2010s, 2020s Steve Mandanda, 2000s, 2010s, 2020s Karim Benzema, 2000s, 2010s, 2020s Manager records Most matches as coach Didier Deschamps, 147, 8 July 2012 — present Most matches won as coach 96 by Didier Deschamps Most matches drawn as coach 28 by Didier Deschamps Most matches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilks%27%20theorem
In statistics Wilks' theorem offers an asymptotic distribution of the log-likelihood ratio statistic, which can be used to produce confidence intervals for maximum-likelihood estimates or as a test statistic for performing the likelihood-ratio test. Statistical tests (such as hypothesis testing) generally require knowledge of the probability distribution of the test statistic. This is often a problem for likelihood ratios, where the probability distribution can be very difficult to determine. A convenient result by Samuel S. Wilks says that as the sample size approaches , the distribution of the test statistic asymptotically approaches the chi-squared () distribution under the null hypothesis . Here, denotes the likelihood ratio, and the distribution has degrees of freedom equal to the difference in dimensionality of and , where is the full parameter space and is the subset of the parameter space associated with . This result means that for large samples and a great variety of hypotheses, a practitioner can compute the likelihood ratio for the data and compare to the value corresponding to a desired statistical significance as an approximate statistical test. The theorem no longer applies when the true value of the parameter is on the boundary of the parameter space: Wilks’ theorem assumes that the ‘true’ but unknown values of the estimated parameters lie within the interior of the supported parameter space. In practice, one will notice the problem if the estimate lies on that boundary. In that event, the likelihood test is still a sensible test statistic and even possess some asymptotic optimality properties, but the significance (the -value) can not be reliably estimated using the chi-squared distribution with the number of degrees of freedom prescribed by Wilks. In some cases, the asymptotic null-hypothesis distribution of the statistic is a mixture of chi-square distributions with different numbers of degrees of freedom. Use Each of the two competing models, the null model and the alternative model, is separately fitted to the data and the log-likelihood recorded. The test statistic (often denoted by ) is twice the log of the likelihoods ratio, i.e., it is twice the difference in the log-likelihoods: The model with more parameters (here alternative) will always fit at least as well — i.e., have the same or greater log-likelihood — than the model with fewer parameters (here null). Whether the fit is significantly better and should thus be preferred is determined by deriving how likely (-value) it is to observe such a difference  by chance alone, if the model with fewer parameters were true. Where the null hypothesis represents a special case of the alternative hypothesis, the probability distribution of the test statistic is approximately a chi-squared distribution with degrees of freedom equal to , respectively the number of free parameters of models alternative and null. For example: If the null model has 1 parameter and a
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenform
In mathematics, an eigenform (meaning simultaneous Hecke eigenform with modular group SL(2,Z)) is a modular form which is an eigenvector for all Hecke operators Tm, m = 1, 2, 3, .... Eigenforms fall into the realm of number theory, but can be found in other areas of math and science such as analysis, combinatorics, and physics. A common example of an eigenform, and the only non-cuspidal eigenforms, are the Eisenstein series. Another example is the Δ Function. Normalization There are two different normalizations for an eigenform (or for a modular form in general). Algebraic normalization An eigenform is said to be normalized when scaled so that the q-coefficient in its Fourier series is one: where q = e2πiz. As the function f is also an eigenvector under each Hecke operator Ti, it has a corresponding eigenvalue. More specifically ai, i ≥ 1 turns out to be the eigenvalue of f corresponding to the Hecke operator Ti. In the case when f is not a cusp form, the eigenvalues can be given explicitly. Analytic normalization An eigenform which is cuspidal can be normalized with respect to its inner product: Existence The existence of eigenforms is a nontrivial result, but does come directly from the fact that the Hecke algebra is commutative. Higher levels In the case that the modular group is not the full SL(2,Z), there is not a Hecke operator for each n ∈ Z, and as such the definition of an eigenform is changed accordingly: an eigenform is a modular form which is a simultaneous eigenvector for all Hecke operators that act on the space. In cybernetics In cybernetics, the notion of an eigenform is understood as an example of a reflexive system. It plays an important role in the work of Heinz von Foerster, and is "inextricably linked with second order cybernetics". References Modular forms Cybernetics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abhandlungen%20aus%20dem%20Mathematischen%20Seminar%20der%20Universit%C3%A4t%20Hamburg
(English: Reports from the Mathematical Seminar of the University of Hamburg) is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It publishes articles on pure mathematics and is scientifically coordinated by the Mathematisches Seminar, an informal cooperation of mathematicians at the Universität Hamburg; its Managing Editors are Professors and Tobias Dyckerhoff. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. History The Abhandlungen were set up as a new journal by Wilhelm Blaschke in 1922 at the newly created Department of Mathematics (called Mathematisches Seminar) at the newly founded Hamburgische Universität. Blaschke invited both Hermann Weyl and David Hilbert to the Mathematisches Seminar (in 1920 and 1921, respectively) to deliver talk series on their views concerning the Foundations of Mathematics. These talks formed part of the early history of the Grundlagenkrise der Mathematik and Hilbert's talk was published in the firs]t volume of the new journal. The first volumes of the journal contain numerous papers of famous mathematicians such as Paul Bernays, Constantin Carathéodory, G. H. Hardy & J. E. Littlewood, Jacques Herbrand, Ruth Moufang, George Pólya, and John von Neumann. Until 1970, the Mathematisches Seminar was covering all of mathematics, including applied mathematics, stochastics, and statistics. After the reform of the university, it became the research institute of pure mathematics. As an institution, the Mathematisches Seminar was dissolved in 1999 and the informal cooperation with the same name was formed. Since 2007, the journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media. List of Managing Editors The professors of the Mathematisches Seminar of the Universität Hamburg are serving as member of the editorial board of the journal. Until volume 36, the editorial board consisted of the Directors of the Mathematisches Seminar and there was no Managing Editor. In those years, the following Hamburg professors were members of the editorial board: , Emil Artin, Heinz Bauer, Wilhelm Blaschke, Hel Braun, Lothar Collatz, Max Deuring, Helmut Hasse, Erich Hecke, , Erich Kähler, Hans Rademacher, Johann Radon, Leopold Schmetterer, Emanuel Sperner, Ernst Witt, Hans Zassenhaus. Starting with volume 37, a pair of Managing Editors (Schriftleitung) was responsible for the administration of the editorial process. References Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1922 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals University of Hamburg Magazines published in Hamburg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta%20Applicandae%20Mathematicae
Acta Applicandae Mathematicae is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer. Founded in 1983, the journal publishes articles on applied mathematics. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.215. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), the journal h-index is 45, ranking it to Q2 in Applied Mathematics. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1983 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Triannual journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta%20Mathematica%20Hungarica
Acta Mathematica Hungarica is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, published by Akadémiai Kiadó and Springer Science+Business Media. The journal was established in 1950 and publishes articles on mathematics related to work by Hungarian mathematicians. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.39, and its 2015 impact factor was 0.469. The editor-in-chief is Imre Bárány, honorary editor is Ákos Császár, the editors are the mathematician members of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Abstracting and indexing According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2021 impact factor of 0.979. This journal is indexed by the following services: Science Citation Index Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition Scopus Mathematical Reviews Zentralblatt Math References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1950 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals 1950 establishments in Hungary Akadémiai Kiadó academic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta%20Mathematica%20Sinica
Acta Mathematica Sinica (English series) is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Springer. Founded in 1936 and split into a Chinese series and an English series in 1985, the journal publishes articles on all areas of mathematics, and allows submissions from researchers of all nationalities. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.42, and its 2021 impact factor was 0.833. Abstracting and indexing This journal is indexed by the following services: Chinese Science Citation Database Mathematical Reviews Science Citation Index Scopus Zentralblatt Math Referativnyi Zhurnal (VINITI) References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1985 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Monthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal%20lattice
In discrete mathematics, ideal lattices are a special class of lattices and a generalization of cyclic lattices. Ideal lattices naturally occur in many parts of number theory, but also in other areas. In particular, they have a significant place in cryptography. Micciancio defined a generalization of cyclic lattices as ideal lattices. They can be used in cryptosystems to decrease by a square root the number of parameters necessary to describe a lattice, making them more efficient. Ideal lattices are a new concept, but similar lattice classes have been used for a long time. For example, cyclic lattices, a special case of ideal lattices, are used in NTRUEncrypt and NTRUSign. Ideal lattices also form the basis for quantum computer attack resistant cryptography based on the Ring Learning with Errors. These cryptosystems are provably secure under the assumption that the shortest vector problem (SVP) is hard in these ideal lattices. Introduction In general terms, ideal lattices are lattices corresponding to ideals in rings of the form for some irreducible polynomial of degree . All of the definitions of ideal lattices from prior work are instances of the following general notion: let be a ring whose additive group is isomorphic to (i.e., it is a free -module of rank ), and let be an additive isomorphism mapping to some lattice in an -dimensional real vector space (e.g., ). The family of ideal lattices for the ring under the embedding is the set of all lattices , where is an ideal in Definition Notation Let be a monic polynomial of degree , and consider the quotient ring . Using the standard set of representatives , and identification of polynomials with vectors, the quotient ring is isomorphic (as an additive group) to the integer lattice , and any ideal defines a corresponding integer sublattice . An ideal lattice is an integer lattice such that for some monic polynomial of degree and ideal . Related properties It turns out that the relevant properties of for the resulting function to be collision resistant are: should be irreducible. the ring norm is not much bigger than for any polynomial , in a quantitative sense. The first property implies that every ideal of the ring defines a full-rank lattice in and plays a fundamental role in proofs. Lemma: Every ideal of , where is a monic, irreducible integer polynomial of degree , is isomorphic to a full-rank lattice in . Ding and Lindner gave evidence that distinguishing ideal lattices from general ones can be done in polynomial time and showed that in practice randomly chosen lattices are never ideal. They only considered the case where the lattice has full rank, i.e. the basis consists of linear independent vectors. This is not a fundamental restriction because Lyubashevsky and Micciancio have shown that if a lattice is ideal with respect to an irreducible monic polynomial, then it has full rank, as given in the above lemma. Algorithm: Identifying ideal lattices
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damping%20matrix
In applied mathematics, a damping matrix is a matrix corresponding to any of certain systems of linear ordinary differential equations. A damping matrix is defined as follows. If the system has n degrees of freedom un and is under application of m damping forces. Each force can be expressed as follows: It yields in matrix form; where C is the damping matrix composed by the damping coefficients: References (fr) Mechanics of structures and seisms Mechanical engineering Classical mechanics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archive%20for%20Mathematical%20Logic
Archive for Mathematical Logic is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer Science+Business Media. It was established in 1950 and publishes articles on mathematical logic. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Mathematical Reviews Zentralblatt MATH Scopus SCImago According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.287. References External links English-language journals Logic journals Mathematics journals Mathematical logic Academic journals established in 1950 Springer Science+Business Media academic journals 1950 establishments in West Germany
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish%20Journal%20of%20Mathematics
Turkish Journal of Mathematics is open-access, peer-reviewed academic journal published electronically and bimonthly by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBITAK). The goal of the journal is to improve the research culture and help knowledge spread rapidly in the academic world by providing a common academic platform. All manuscripts published in Turkish Journal of Mathematics are licensed under CC BY 4.0 (Creative Commons license). The submission and publication is free of charge. It is published in English and available online for free at http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr and http://dergipark.gov.tr/. The journal is indexed by Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E), trdizin and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2019 impact factor was 0.658. External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1976 English-language journals Quarterly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky%20Mountain%20Journal%20of%20Mathematics
The Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by the Rocky Mountain Mathematics Consortium. Founded in 1971, the journal publishes both research and expository articles on mathematics, with an emphasis on survey articles. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.25. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 0.250. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1971 English-language journals Bimonthly journals Academic journals published by learned and professional societies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regression%20diagnostic
In statistics, a regression diagnostic is one of a set of procedures available for regression analysis that seek to assess the validity of a model in any of a number of different ways. This assessment may be an exploration of the model's underlying statistical assumptions, an examination of the structure of the model by considering formulations that have fewer, more or different explanatory variables, or a study of subgroups of observations, looking for those that are either poorly represented by the model (outliers) or that have a relatively large effect on the regression model's predictions. A regression diagnostic may take the form of a graphical result, informal quantitative results or a formal statistical hypothesis test, each of which provides guidance for further stages of a regression analysis. Introduction Regression diagnostics have often been developed or were initially proposed in the context of linear regression or, more particularly, ordinary least squares. This means that many formally defined diagnostics are only available for these contexts. Assessing assumptions Distribution of model errors Normal probability plot Homoscedasticity Goldfeld–Quandt test Breusch–Pagan test Park test White test Correlation of model errors Breusch–Godfrey test Assessing model structure Adequacy of existing explanatory variables Partial residual plot Ramsey RESET test F test for use when there are replicated observations, so that a comparison can be made between the lack-of-fit sum of squares and the pure error sum of squares, under the assumption that model errors are homoscedastic and have a normal distribution. Adding or dropping explanatory variables Partial regression plot Student's t test for testing inclusion of a single explanatory variable, or the F test for testing inclusion of a group of variables, both under the assumption that model errors are homoscedastic and have a normal distribution. Change of model structure between groups of observations Structural break test Chow test Comparing model structures PRESS statistic Important groups of observations Outliers Influential observations Leverage (statistics), partial leverage DFFITS Cook's distance References
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pattern%20calculus
Pattern calculus bases all computation on pattern matching of a very general kind. Like lambda calculus, it supports a uniform treatment of function evaluation. Also, it allows functions to be passed as arguments and returned as results. In addition, pattern calculus supports uniform access to the internal structure of arguments, be they pairs or lists or trees. Also, it allows patterns to be passed as arguments and returned as results. Uniform access is illustrated by a pattern-matching function that computes the size of an arbitrary data structure. In the notation of the programming language bondi, it is given by the recursive function let rec size = | x y -> (size x) + (size y) | x -> 1 The second, or default case matches the pattern against the argument and returns . This case is used only if the matching failed in the first case. The first, or special case matches against any compound, such as a non-empty list, or pair. Matching binds to the left component and to the right component. Then the body of the case adds the sizes of these components together. Similar techniques yield generic queries for searching and updating. Combining recursion and decomposition in this way yields path polymorphism. The ability to pass patterns as parameters (pattern polymorphism) is illustrated by defining a generic eliminator. Suppose given constructors for creating the leaves of a tree, and for converting numbers into counters. The corresponding eliminators are then elimLeaf = | Leaf y -> y elimCount = | Count y -> y For example, evaluates to as does . These examples can be produced by applying the generic eliminator to the constructors in question. It is defined by elim = | x -> | {y} x y -> y Now evaluates to | {y} Leaf y -> y which is equivalent to . Also is equivalent to . In general, the curly braces contain the bound variables of the pattern, so that is free and is bound in | {y} x y -> y. External links Archive mirror of the links below (which are no longer online) — the original paper, but not most general. bondi programming language research site Lambda calculus
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park%20Tae-woong
Park Tae-Woong (; born 30 January 1988) is a South Korean footballer who plays for Gyeongnam FC. Club career statistics External links 1988 births Living people South Korean men's footballers Gyeongnam FC players Gangwon FC players Suwon Samsung Bluewings players Gimcheon Sangmu FC players K League 2 players K League 1 players Men's association football midfielders People from Gunsan Sportspeople from North Jeolla Province
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic%20equicontinuity
In estimation theory in statistics, stochastic equicontinuity is a property of estimators (estimation procedures) that is useful in dealing with their asymptotic behaviour as the amount of data increases. It is a version of equicontinuity used in the context of functions of random variables: that is, random functions. The property relates to the rate of convergence of sequences of random variables and requires that this rate is essentially the same within a region of the parameter space being considered. For instance, stochastic equicontinuity, along with other conditions, can be used to show uniform weak convergence, which can be used to prove the convergence of extremum estimators. Definition Let be a family of random functions defined from , where is any normed metric space. Here might represent a sequence of estimators applied to datasets of size n, given that the data arises from a population for which the parameter indexing the statistical model for the data is θ. The randomness of the functions arises from the data generating process under which a set of observed data is considered to be a realisation of a probabilistic or statistical model. However, in , θ relates to the model currently being postulated or fitted rather than to an underlying model which is supposed to represent the mechanism generating the data. Then is stochastically equicontinuous if, for every and , there is a such that: Here B(θ, δ) represents a ball in the parameter space, centred at θ and whose radius depends on δ. References Further reading Asymptotic theory (statistics)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatsuya%20Ikeda
is a Japanese football player. He plays for Verspah Oita. Club statistics References External links 1988 births Living people Association football people from Hyōgo Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Japan Football League players Oita Trinita players SP Kyoto FC players Verspah Oita players Men's association football defenders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Chinese%20mathematicians
This is a list of Chinese mathematicians. With a history spanning over three millennia, Chinese mathematics is believed to have initially developed largely independently of other cultures. Classical Chinese mathematicians Jing Fang: 78 – 37 BC Liu Xin: c. 50 BC – 23 AD Zhang Heng: 78 – 139 AD Liu Hong: 129 – 210 AD Cai Yong: 132 – 192 AD Liu Hui: 225 – 295 AD Wang Fan: 228 – 266 AD Sun Tzu: c. 3rd – 5th century AD Zu Chongzhi: 429 – 500 AD Zu Gengzhi: c. 450 – c. 520 AD Middle Imperial Chinese mathematicians Zhen Luan: 535–566 Wang Xiaotong: 580–640 Li Chunfeng: 602–670 Yi Xing: 683–727 Wei Pu: 11th century Jia Xian: 1010–1070 Su Song: 1020–1101 Shen Kuo: 1031–1095 Li Zhi: 1192–1279 Qin Jiushao: c. 1202–1261 Guo Shoujing: 1231–1316 Yang Hui: c. 1238–1298 Zhu Shijie: 1249–1314 Late Imperial Chinese mathematicians 16th century Cheng Dawei: 1533–1606 Zhu Zaiyu: 1536–1611 17th century Xu Guangqi: 1562–1633 Minggatu: 1692–1763 18th century Li Rui: 1768–1817 19th century Li Shanlan: 1810–1882 Xiong Qinglai: 1893–1969 Modern Chinese mathematicians 20th century Su Buqing: 1902–2003 Pao-Lu Hsu: 1910–1970 Hua Luogeng: 1910–1985 Ke Zhao: 1910–2002 Wei-Liang Chow: 1911–1995 Shiing-Shen Chern: 1911–2004 Chien Wei-zang: 1912–2010 Ky Fan: 1914–2010 Chia-Chiao Lin: 1916–2013 Wu Wenjun: 1919–2017 Yuan-Shih Chow: 1924–2022 Gu Chaohao: 1926–2012 Daoxing Xia: b. 1930 Wang Yuan: 1930–2021 Chen Jingrun: 1933–1996 Pan Chengdong: 1934–1997 Yum-Tong Siu: b. 1943 Peng Shige: b. 1947 Shing-Tung Yau: b. 1949, Fields medal recipient Yitang Zhang: b. 1955 Gang Tian: b. 1958 Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest: b. 1959 Huai-Dong Cao: b. 1959 Shou-Wu Zhang: b. 1962 Weinan E: b. 1963 Kefeng Liu: b. 1965 Terence Tao: b.1975 Wei Zhang: b. 1981 Zhiwei Yun: b. 1982 Chenyang Xu: b. 1981 Eddie Woo: b. 1985 Chinese
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groups%2C%20Geometry%2C%20and%20Dynamics
Groups, Geometry, and Dynamics is a quarterly peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by the European Mathematical Society. It was established in 2007 and covers all aspects of groups, group actions, geometry and dynamical systems. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.65, and its 2012 impact factor is 0.867. External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 2007 English-language journals European Mathematical Society academic journals Quarterly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homology%2C%20Homotopy%20and%20Applications
Homology, Homotopy and Applications is a peer-reviewed delayed open access mathematics journal published by International Press. It was established in 1999 and covers research on algebraic topology. The journal "Homology, Homotopy and Applications" has been founded in 1998 by Hvedri Inassaridze, Head of the Algebra Department of A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute of the Georgian Academy of Sciences, Professor of Tbilisi State University, Georgia. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2011 MCQ was 0.55, and according to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal had a 2015 impact factor of 0.486, with a 5-year impact factor for that year of 0.654. Formerly completely open access, the journal has switched to a delayed open access model. Volume are made open access 4 years after their issue year. International Press says it "reserves the right to change its online access policy at any time." References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1999 English-language journals International Press academic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel%20Journal%20of%20Mathematics
Israel Journal of Mathematics is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (Magnes Press). Founded in 1963, as a continuation of the Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel (Section F), the journal publishes articles on all areas of mathematics. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.70, and its 2009 impact factor was 0.754. External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1963 English-language journals Bimonthly journals Hebrew University of Jerusalem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuadorian%20census
The Ecuadorian census is conducted by the governmental institution known as INEC, Instituto Nacional de Estadisticas y Censos (National Institute of Statistics and Census). The census in Ecuador is conducted every 10 years, and its objective is to obtain the number of people residing within its borders. The current census now includes household information. The most recent census (as of 2011) emphasized reaching rural and remote areas to map the most accurate population count in the country. The 2010 census was conducted in November and December, and its results were published January 27, 2011. Demographics The following table shows the dates the most recent censuses were made, and the total population number: Growth Index of growth: References Demographics of Ecuador Ecuador
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advances%20in%20Geometry
Advances in Geometry is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Walter de Gruyter. Founded in 2001, the journal publishes articles on geometry. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2016 MCQ was 0.45, and its 2021 impact factor was 0.763. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 2001 English-language journals De Gruyter academic journals Quarterly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerische%20Mathematik
Numerische Mathematik is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal on numerical analysis. It was established in 1959 and is published by Springer Science+Business Media. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 1.06, and its 2020 impact factor was 2.223. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1959 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Monthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIAM%20Journal%20on%20Discrete%20Mathematics
SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (SIAM). The journal includes articles on pure and applied discrete mathematics. It was established in 1988, along with the SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications, to replace the SIAM Journal on Algebraic and Discrete Methods. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.57. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 0.755. Although its official ISO abbreviation is SIAM J. Discrete Math., its publisher and contributors frequently use the shorter abbreviation SIDMA. References External links Combinatorics journals Academic journals established in 1988 English-language journals Discrete Mathematics Quarterly journals Discrete mathematics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer%20Capriati%20career%20statistics
This is a list of the main career statistics of tennis player Jennifer Capriati. Major finals Grand Slam finals Singles: 3 (3 titles) Olympic finals Singles: 1 (1 title) Tier I finals Singles: 11 (2 titles, 9 runners-up) Doubles: 1 (1 title) WTA Tour finals Singles (14 titles, 17 runners-up) Doubles (1–1) Additional finals Fed Cup finals (2–1) Grand Slam girls' singles finals (2–0) Grand Slam girls' doubles finals (2–0) Grand Slam singles performance timeline WTA Tour career earnings Career Grand Slam seedings Grand Slam titles details Record against top 10 players Capriati's record against players who have been ranked in the top 10: External links Capriati, Jennifer
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Hand%20%28statistician%29
David John Hand (born 30 June 1950 in Peterborough) is a British statistician. His research interests include multivariate statistics, classification methods, pattern recognition, computational statistics and the foundations of statistics. He has written technical books on statistics, data mining, finance, classification methods, and measuring wellbeing, as well as science popularisation books including The Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles, and Rare Events Happen Every Day; Dark Data: Why What You Don't Know Matters; and Statistics: A Very Short Introduction. In 1991 he launched the journal Statistics and Computing. Education Hand was educated at the University of Oxford and the University of Southampton where he was awarded a PhD in 1977 for research supervised by . Career and research Hand served as professor of statistics at the Open University from 1988 until 1999, when he moved to Imperial College London, where he is now Emeritus Professor of Mathematics. Between 2010 and 2018 he took an extended sabbatical to serve as chief scientific advisor at Winton Capital Management. He served as president of the Royal Statistical Society from 2008 to 2009, then again in 2010 after Bernard Silverman stood down. Books Hand has published 31 books, inter alia: 2001. Principles of Data Mining 2007. Measurement Theory and Practice: the World Through Quantification 2014. (with Paul Allin). The Wellbeing of Nations: Meaning, Motive and Measurement. Wiley. 2014. The Improbability Principle: Why Coincidences, Miracles and Rare Events Happen All the Time 2020. From GDP to Sustainable Wellbeing: Changing Statistics or Changing Lives? 2020. Dark Data: Why What You Don't Know Matters Articles Hand has published over 300 scientific articles, inter alia: Hand D.J. and Henley W.E. (1997) Statistical classification methods in consumer credit scoring: a review. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 160, 523-541 Hand D.J., Blunt G., Kelly M.G., and Adams N.M. (2000) Data mining for fun and profit. Statistical Science, 15, 111-131 Hand D.J. and Yu K. (2001) Idiot's Bayes - not so stupid after all? International Statistical Review, 69, 385-398 Bolton R.J. and Hand D.J. (2002) Statistical fraud detection: a review. Statistical Science, 17, 235-255 Hand D.J. (2006) Classifier technology and the illusion of progress (with discussion). Statistical Science, 21, 1-34 2008. Top 10 algorithms in data mining Hand D.J. (2009) Measuring classifier performance: a coherent alternative to the area under the ROC curve. Machine Learning, 77, 103-123 Hand D.J. (2018) Statistical challenges of administrative and transaction data (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 181, 555-605 Awards and honours Hand has received various awards for his work, including being elected Honorary Fellow of the Institute of Actuaries in 1999, the Guy Medal in Silv
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese%20Annals%20of%20Mathematics%2C%20Series%20B
Chinese Annals of Mathematics, Series B is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal focusing on pure and applied mathematics published by Springer. The journal was founded in 1983 when it was split from Chinese Annals of Mathematics. It is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 0.756. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1983 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Bimonthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20Equations%20%28journal%29
Differential Equations is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Springer. Founded in 1965, the journal publishes English translations of papers from the journal Differentsial'nye Uravneniya (), which publishes in Russian and focuses on work by scholars in states of the former USSR. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.12, and its 2009 impact factor was 0.339. External links Homepage of Differentsial'nye Uravneniya (English) Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1965 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Monthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulletin%20de%20la%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20Math%C3%A9matique%20de%20France
Bulletin de la Société Mathématique de France is a mathematics journal published quarterly by Société Mathématique de France. Founded in 1873, the journal publishes articles on mathematics. It publishes articles in French and English. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.58, and its 2009 impact factor was 0.400. External links Mathematics journals Publications established in 1873 Multilingual journals Société Mathématique de France academic journals Quarterly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAC/Dassault%20AFVG
BAC/Dassault AFVG (standing for Anglo-French Variable Geometry) was a 1960s project for supersonic multi-role combat aircraft with a variable-sweep wing, jointly developed by British Aircraft Corporation in the United Kingdom and Dassault Aviation of France. The project was borne out of ambitions to produce a viable combat aircraft that made use of the variable-sweep wing, as well as to promote wider cooperative efforts between France and the United Kingdom. However, neither Dassault nor the French Air Force were particularly keen on the AFVG; the project was further impacted by repeated specification changes and indecision for what roles that the AFVG was to be tasked with on the part of Britain. In mid-1967, British requirements settled upon adopting the AFVG for the Royal Air Force (RAF) for the strike role in the place of the cancelled BAC TSR-2 strike bomber. The project was cancelled in June 1967, when the French Government withdrew from participation. BAC modified the specification to solely satisfy RAF needs, reconfiguring the design as the UKVG and sought out new partners to procure the aircraft. This ultimately emerged as the Anglo-German-Italian consortium-funded "Multi Role Combat Aircraft" (MRCA), (Panavia Tornado), a variable-geometry wing fighter/strike aircraft. Development Background From 1945 onwards, Britain conducted a number of studies into the properties and use of variable geometry wings. The noted British engineer and inventor Sir Barnes Wallis began exploring the concept during the Second World War and became an early pioneer and advocate for the variable geometry wing, conceiving of an aircraft consideration that lacked conventional features such as a vertical stabiliser and rudder, instead using variable geometry wings to provide primary controllability in their place. In 1946, Wallis published a paper upon this research, which was quickly hailed as being a major scientific breakthrough in the aviation industry. Wallis proceeded to advocate for the production of an aircraft, military or civil, that would take advantage of a variable geometry wing. The Ministry of Supply and Ministry of Defence arranged for a series of tests to demonstrate the application of the technology to projectiles, both for research purposes and a potential form of anti-aircraft defence; while Wallis worked upon this research programme, he continued to promote the concept of a manned variable geometry aircraft. In 1951, the Ministry of Supply issued Specification ER.110T, which sought a piloted variable geometry aircraft that would be suitable for research flights; however, ER.110T would be cancelled without an order due to urgent demands for more conventional transonic combat aircraft. At one point, Wallis examined the prospects of producing a variable geometry submission for Specification OR.330, which sought a supersonic aerial reconnaissance/strategic bomber aircraft. He conceived of a large aircraft equipped with a moveable delta wing c
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20Gamba%20Osaka%20season
2010 Gamba Osaka season Competitions Domestic results J.League 1 Table Results Emperor's Cup J.League Cup International results AFC Champions League Player statistics Other pages J.League official site Gamba Osaka Gamba Osaka seasons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20the%20European%20Mathematical%20Society
Journal of the European Mathematical Society is a monthly peer-reviewed mathematical journal. Founded in 1999, the journal publishes articles on all areas of pure and applied mathematics. Most published articles are original research articles but the journal also publishes survey articles. The journal has been published by Springer until 2003. Since 2004, it is published by the European Mathematical Society. The first editor-in-chief was Jürgen Jost, followed in 2004 by Haïm Brezis. The journal was founded in order to promote interdisciplinary work within the mathematical community and to preserve unity across pure and applied mathematics. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted in: Mathematical Reviews Current Mathematical Publications MathSciNet Zentralblatt für Mathematik Zentralblatt MATH Science Citation Index Expanded CompuMath Citation Index Current Contents / Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences ISI Alerting Services Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition See also List of the journals published by the European Mathematical Society References External links EMS Press, the publishing house of the European Mathematical Society Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1999 English-language journals European Mathematical Society academic journals Monthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Mathematical%20Biology
Journal of Mathematical Biology is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal, published by Springer Verlag. Founded in 1974, the journal publishes articles on mathematical biology. In particular, papers published in this journal 'should either provide biological insight as a result of mathematical analysis or identify and open up challenging new types of mathematical problems that derive from biological knowledge'. It is the official journal of the European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology. The editors-in-chief are Thomas Hillen, Anna Marciniak-Czochra, and Mark Lewis. Its 2020 impact factor is 2.259. Abstracting and indexing This journal is indexed in the following databases: Thomson Reuters BIOSIS Biological Abstracts Current Contents / Life Sciences Journal Citation Reports Science Citation Index Expanded Zoological Record PubMed/Medline (Web of Knowledge) Gale Academic OneFile Expanded Academic EBSCO host Academic Search EBSCO NAL Catalog AGRICOLA CAB Direct CAB Abstracts Global Health American Chemical Society Chemical Abstracts Service Elsevier EMBASE EMBiology Other databases Current Index to Statistics Digital Mathematics Registry Google Scholar IBIDS International Bibliography of Periodical Literature (IBZ) Mathematical Reviews OCLC SCOPUS Summon by Serial Solutions VINITI - Russian Academy of Science Zentralblatt Math References External links European Society for Mathematical and Theoretical Biology (ESMTB) Mathematical and theoretical biology journals Academic journals established in 1974 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Monthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shape%20analysis
Shape analysis may refer to: Shape analysis (digital geometry) Shape analysis (program analysis), a type of method to analyze computer programs without actually executing the programs Statistical shape analysis Computational anatomy Bayesian Estimation of Templates in Computational Anatomy , a type of RNA chemical probing to produce secondary structure models
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20chess%20problem
A mathematical chess problem is a mathematical problem which is formulated using a chessboard and chess pieces. These problems belong to recreational mathematics. The most well-known problems of this kind are the eight queens puzzle and the knight's tour problem, which have connection to graph theory and combinatorics. Many famous mathematicians studied mathematical chess problems, such as, Thabit, Euler, Legendre and Gauss. Besides finding a solution to a particular problem, mathematicians are usually interested in counting the total number of possible solutions, finding solutions with certain properties, as well as generalization of the problems to N×N or M×N boards. Independence problem An independence problem (or unguard) is a problem in which, given a certain type of chess piece (queen, rook, bishop, knight or king), one must find the maximum number that can be placed on a chessboard so that none of the pieces attack each other. It is also required that an actual arrangement for this maximum number of pieces be found. The most famous problem of this type is the eight queens puzzle. Problems are further extended by asking how many possible solutions exist. Further generalizations apply the problem to NxN boards. An 8×8 chessboard can have 16 independent kings, 8 independent queens, 8 independent rooks, 14 independent bishops, or 32 independent knights. Solutions for kings, bishops, queens and knights are shown below. To get 8 independent rooks is sufficient to place them on one of main diagonals. Domination problems A domination (or covering) problem involves finding the minimum number of pieces of the given kind to place on a chessboard such that all vacant squares are attacked at least once. It is a special case of the vertex cover problem. The minimum number of dominating kings is 9, queens is 5, rooks is 8, bishops is 8, and knights is 12. To get 8 dominating rooks, it is sufficient to place one on each file. Solutions for other pieces are provided on diagrams below. The domination problems are also sometimes formulated as requiring one to find the minimal number of pieces needed to attack all squares on the board, including occupied ones. For rooks, eight are required; the solution is to place them all on one file or rank. The solutions for other pieces are given below. Domination by queens on the main diagonal of a chessboard of any size can be shown equivalent to a problem in number theory of finding a Salem–Spencer set, a set of numbers in which none of the numbers is the average of two others. The optimal placement of queens is obtained by leaving vacant a set of squares that all have the same parity (all are in even positions or all in odd positions along the diagonal) and that form a Salem–Spencer set. Piece tour problems These kinds of problems ask to find a tour of certain chess piece, which visits all squares on a chess board. The most known problem of this kind is Knight's Tour. Besides the knight, such tours exists fo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20FC%20season
The 1998 season was São Paulo's 69th season since club's existence. Statistics Scorers Overall {|class="wikitable" |- |Games played || 60 (6 Copa do Brasil, 10 Torneio Rio-São Paulo, 14 Campeonato Paulista, 23 Campeonato Brasileiro, 6 Copa Mercosur, 1 Friendly match) |- |Games won || 26 (3 Copa do Brasil, 2 Torneio Rio-São Paulo, 11 Campeonato Paulista, 8 Campeonato Brasileiro, 2 Copa Mercosur, 0 Friendly match) |- |Games drawn || 13 (2 Copa do Brasil, 5 Torneio Rio-São Paulo, 1 Campeonato Paulista, 3 Campeonato Brasileiro, 1 Copa Mercosur, 1 Friendly match) |- |Games lost || 21 (1 Copa do Brasil, 3 Torneio Rio-São Paulo, 2 Campeonato Paulista, 12 Campeonato Brasileiro, 3 Copa Mercosur, 0 Friendly match) |- |Goals scored || 109 |- |Goals conceded || 83 |- |Goal difference || +26 |- |Best result || 6–1 (H) v São José - Campeonato Paulista - 1998.04.12 6–1 (H) v América-RN - Campeonato Brasileiro - 1998.08.26 |- |Worst result || 2–7 (H) v Portuguesa - Campeonato Brasileiro - 1998.09.20 |- |Most appearances || |- |Top scorer || Dodô and França (23) |- Friendlies Official competitions Copa do Brasil Record Torneio Rio-São Paulo Record Campeonato Paulista Record Campeonato Brasileiro Record Copa Mercosur Record External links official website Sao Paulo São Paulo FC seasons
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rikihiro%20Sugiyama
is a Japanese former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. Career statistics References External links Profile at Avispa Fukuoka Profile at Kawasaki Frontale 1987 births Living people Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Kawasaki Frontale players Shimizu S-Pulse players Avispa Fukuoka players Men's association football goalkeepers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20Kook-young
Han Kook-young (; or ; born 19 April 1990) is a South Korean football player who plays for Gangwon FC. Club statistics 1Other tournaments include Sheikh Jassem Cup and Qatar Crown Prince Cup External links Living people 1990 births Men's association football midfielders South Korean men's footballers South Korean expatriate men's footballers 2014 FIFA World Cup players 2015 AFC Asian Cup players Shonan Bellmare players Kashiwa Reysol players Qatar SC players Al-Gharafa SC players Gangwon FC players J1 League players J2 League players K League 1 players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Japan Expatriate men's footballers in Qatar South Korean expatriate sportspeople in Qatar Footballers from Seoul Qatar Stars League players South Korea men's youth international footballers South Korea men's under-23 international footballers South Korea men's international footballers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Barnett%20%28mathematician%29
Alex Barnett (born 1972) is an applied mathematician and musician who is a senior mathematician at the Flatiron Institute and professor of mathematics at Dartmouth College. Barnett is also a jazz and funk musician. He has composed the music for a number of films by his wife, director Liz Canner. Career His high frequency eigenfunction calculations are some of the fastest in the world. He attended Cambridge University and received his Ph.D in theoretical physics from Harvard University. He has written on topics such as efficient and accurate computational methods for waves, PDE eigenvalue problems, periodic problems, and quantum chaos. He has also done research on mathematical ecology and inverse problems in medical imaging. Barnett was on the faculty at Dartmouth for twelve years before becoming a full professor in 2017. He was the third person hired at the Flatiron Institute and is currently a senior mathematician there. Recognition Barnett won First Prize in the XXI International Physics Olympiad, The Hockins Prize, The Kennedy Scholarship, The Karen E. Wetterhahn Memorial Award for Distinguished Creative or Scholarly Achievement, Jeffe Fellowship and The Harold T. White Prize. References Living people English mathematicians Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni 1972 births Alumni of the University of Cambridge Dartmouth College faculty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isamu%20Matsuura
is a former Japanese football player. Club statistics References External links 1991 births Living people Association football people from Shizuoka Prefecture Japanese men's footballers J1 League players J2 League players Japan Football League players Shonan Bellmare players FC Ryukyu players Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-%20and%20post-test%20probability
Pre-test probability and post-test probability (alternatively spelled pretest and posttest probability) are the probabilities of the presence of a condition (such as a disease) before and after a diagnostic test, respectively. Post-test probability, in turn, can be positive or negative, depending on whether the test falls out as a positive test or a negative test, respectively. In some cases, it is used for the probability of developing the condition of interest in the future. Test, in this sense, can refer to any medical test (but usually in the sense of diagnostic tests), and in a broad sense also including questions and even assumptions (such as assuming that the target individual is a female or male). The ability to make a difference between pre- and post-test probabilities of various conditions is a major factor in the indication of medical tests. Pre-test probability The pre-test probability of an individual can be chosen as one of the following: The prevalence of the disease, which may have to be chosen if no other characteristic is known for the individual, or it can be chosen for ease of calculation even if other characteristics are known although such omission may cause inaccurate results The post-test probability of the condition resulting from one or more preceding tests A rough estimation, which may have to be chosen if more systematic approaches are not possible or efficient Estimation of post-test probability In clinical practice, post-test probabilities are often just estimated or even guessed. This is usually acceptable in the finding of a pathognomonic sign or symptom, in which case it is almost certain that the target condition is present; or in the absence of finding a sine qua non sign or symptom, in which case it is almost certain that the target condition is absent. In reality, however, the subjective probability of the presence of a condition is never exactly 0 or 100%. Yet, there are several systematic methods to estimate that probability. Such methods are usually based on previously having performed the test on a reference group in which the presence or absence on the condition is known (or at least estimated by another test that is considered highly accurate, such as by "Gold standard"), in order to establish data of test performance. These data are subsequently used to interpret the test result of any individual tested by the method. An alternative or complement to reference group-based methods is comparing a test result to a previous test on the same individual, which is more common in tests for monitoring. The most important systematic reference group-based methods to estimate post-test probability includes the ones summarized and compared in the following table, and further described in individual sections below. By predictive values Predictive values can be used to estimate the post-test probability of an individual if the pre-test probability of the individual can be assumed roughly equal to the prevalence i
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20R.%20Rice%20%28computer%20scientist%29
John Rischard Rice (born 1934) is an American mathematician and computer scientist, the W. Brooks Fortune Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Computer Science and a professor of mathematics (by courtesy) at Purdue University. He specializes in numerical computing, founded the ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software and is the author of more than 20 books and approximately 300 research articles. Biography Rice was born on June 6, 1934, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and grew up in small towns in Oklahoma. As a teenager, his father was assigned to Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where he lived for three years. He earned bachelor's and master's degrees in mathematics from Oklahoma State University in 1954 and 1956; while studying there, he spent his summers in southern California, working in the aerospace industry. He then moved to the California Institute of Technology, where he earned a Ph.D. in 1959 under the supervision of Arthur Erdélyi; his dissertation concerned approximation theory. After taking a one-year postdoctoral position at the National Bureau of Standards, he became a researcher for General Motors. In 1964 he left GM and joined the recently founded computer science department at Purdue, which he later headed from 1983 to 1996 Rice organized the first Symposium on Mathematical Software at Purdue University in 1970, which produced the recommendation to start a journal for the field. This led to the founding of ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software (TOMS) in 1975, of which Rice would be editor-in-chief until 1993. He was chair of the Computing Research Association from 1991 to 1993. Research Rice showed an early interest in computing, publishing a paper titled "Electronic Brains" as a college sophomore. Although his early research was on the mathematics of approximation theory, he spent most of his career working in the analysis of algorithms for solving numerical problems, and particularly on the solution of elliptic partial differential equations. Books Rice's Introduction to Computer Science (with J. K. Rice, published by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston in 1969) was the "leading textbook of the day" and emphasized general principles of algorithms and data structures rather than specific programming languages, the focus of previous introductory CS texts. It was translated into three other languages. Rice's other books include: Solving Elliptic Problems with ELLPACK (Springer-Verlag, 1985) Mathematical Aspects of Scientific Software (Springer-Verlag, 1988) Expert Systems for Scientific Computing (North Holland, 1992) Enabling Technologies for Computational Science (Kluwer, 2000) Awards and honors Rice was named the Brooks Fortune Professor in 1989. In 1994, he was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering for his "for leadership in founding the field of mathematical software and for fundamental contributions to its content". He is also a Fellow of the AAAS and a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. See also Hobby–Rice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojan%20Puziga%C4%87a
Bojan Puzigaća (; born 10 May 1985) is a Bosnian retired professional footballer who played as a left-back and he is current manager of Bosnian club FK BSK Banja Luka. Managerial statistics Honours Borac Banja Luka First League of RS: 2016–17 Bosnian Cup: 2009–10 Sarajevo Bosnian Premier League: 2014–15 Bosnian Cup: 2013–14 Krupa First League of RS: 2019–20 References External links 1985 births Living people People from Drvar Sportspeople from Canton 10 Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Poland Expatriate men's footballers in Serbia Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Poland Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Serbia Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players Ekstraklasa players I liga players Serbian SuperLiga players First League of the Republika Srpska players FK Borac Banja Luka players NK Čelik Zenica players MKS Cracovia players FK Sarajevo players FK Voždovac players FK Krupa players Men's association football fullbacks Bosnia and Herzegovina football managers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Salvador%20national%20football%20team%20records%20and%20statistics
The following are the El Salvador national football team statistical records. Player records Players in bold are still active with El Salvador. Most appearances Top goalscorers Competition records FIFA World Cup El Salvador has never advanced beyond the first round of the finals competition. El Salvador declined to participate at the 1950 FIFA World Cup. CONCACAF Gold Cup CONCACAF Nations League Copa Centroamericana CCCF Championship Olympic Games Pan American Games Central American and Caribbean Games Central American Games Head-to-head record The list shown below shows the El Salvador national football team all-time international record against opposing nations. The stats are composed of FIFA World Cup and qualifiers, the CONCACAF Gold Cup, as well as numerous other international friendly tournaments and matches. Updated to 17 October 2023 after the match against . FIFA ranking record The following is a chart of the yearly averages of El Salvador's FIFA ranking. Notes References External links FIFA.com Worldfootball.net El Salvador national football team National association football team records and statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011%20Colo-Colo%20season%20%28Clausura%29
The 2011 season is Club Social y Deportivo Colo-Colo's 80th season in Primera División Chilena. This article shows player statistics and all official matches that the club have and will play during the 2011 season, from July to December. The 2011 season will consist of two local tournaments, the Clausura and the local Copa Chile competition. Campeonato Clausura Players Squad (captain) Squad stats Disciplinary records Transfers In Out Competitions Torneo Clausura (regular stage) Results summary Result round by round Torneo Clausura (play-offs) Quarter-finals Semi-finals Copa Chile Colo-Colo finished in 21st position (of 36 teams) with 8 points, being eliminated from the tournament as they were placed outside the Top 8. Friendly matches References Colo Colo 2011 Colo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V-statistic
V-statistics are a class of statistics named for Richard von Mises who developed their asymptotic distribution theory in a fundamental paper in 1947. V-statistics are closely related to U-statistics (U for "unbiased") introduced by Wassily Hoeffding in 1948. A V-statistic is a statistical function (of a sample) defined by a particular statistical functional of a probability distribution. Statistical functions Statistics that can be represented as functionals of the empirical distribution function are called statistical functionals. Differentiability of the functional T plays a key role in the von Mises approach; thus von Mises considers differentiable statistical functionals. Examples of statistical functions The k-th central moment is the functional , where is the expected value of X. The associated statistical function is the sample k-th central moment, The chi-squared goodness-of-fit statistic is a statistical function T(Fn), corresponding to the statistical functional where Ai are the k cells and pi are the specified probabilities of the cells under the null hypothesis. The Cramér–von-Mises and Anderson–Darling goodness-of-fit statistics are based on the functional where w(x; F0) is a specified weight function and F0 is a specified null distribution. If w is the identity function then T(Fn) is the well known Cramér–von-Mises goodness-of-fit statistic; if then T(Fn) is the Anderson–Darling statistic. Representation as a V-statistic Suppose x1, ..., xn is a sample. In typical applications the statistical function has a representation as the V-statistic where h is a symmetric kernel function. Serfling discusses how to find the kernel in practice. Vmn is called a V-statistic of degree m. A symmetric kernel of degree 2 is a function h(x, y), such that h(x, y) = h(y, x) for all x and y in the domain of h. For samples x1, ..., xn, the corresponding V-statistic is defined Example of a V-statistic An example of a degree-2 V-statistic is the second central moment m2. If h(x, y) = (x − y)2/2, the corresponding V-statistic is which is the maximum likelihood estimator of variance. With the same kernel, the corresponding U-statistic is the (unbiased) sample variance: . Asymptotic distribution In examples 1–3, the asymptotic distribution of the statistic is different: in (1) it is normal, in (2) it is chi-squared, and in (3) it is a weighted sum of chi-squared variables. Von Mises' approach is a unifying theory that covers all of the cases above. Informally, the type of asymptotic distribution of a statistical function depends on the order of "degeneracy," which is determined by which term is the first non-vanishing term in the Taylor expansion of the functional T. In case it is the linear term, the limit distribution is normal; otherwise higher order types of distributions arise (under suitable conditions such that a central limit theorem holds). There are a hierarchy of cases parallel to asymptotic theory of U-statistics.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992%20Tajik%20League
The 1992 Tajik League was the inaugural season of the Tajik League, the top division of Tajikistan football. Teams Table Season statistics Top scorers References External links Season at RSSSF Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993%20Tajik%20League
Tajik League is the top division of the Tajikistan Football Federation, it was created in 1992. These are the statistics of the Tajik League in the 1993 season. Table Sources https://www.rsssf.org/tablest/taji93.html Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherry%20Gong
Sherry Gong is an American mathematician specializing in low-dimensional topology and known as one of the most successful female competitors at the International Mathematical Olympiad. She is an assistant professor at Texas A&M University. Early life and education Gong was born in New York City to two mathematicians, Guihua Gong and Liangqing Li, both later affiliated with the University of Puerto Rico. She grew up in Toronto, Puerto Rico, and New Hampshire. She received an AB in mathematics from Harvard College, and a PhD in mathematics from MIT in 2018. Her dissertation, Results on Spectral Sequences for Monopole and Singular Instanton Floer Homologies, was supervised by Tomasz Mrowka. Mathematics competitions Gong is the second U.S. woman (after Alison Miller won in 2004) to win a gold medal in the International Mathematical Olympiad, which Gong won in 2007, earning a tie for seventh place out of 536 participants (she scored a 32). She was the only woman on the U.S. team that year, and also one of only three women ever to make the U.S. team. She also tied for first place in the China Mathematical Olympiad for Girls in 2007. Gong participated in IMO five times, winning HM in 2002, bronze in 2003, silver in 2004 and 2005 and gold in 2007. In 2005 she was named the 2005 Clay Olympiad Scholar. In 2006 she earned a silver medal at the 2006 International Physics Olympiad. She was a winner (top twelve) at the United States of America Mathematical Olympiad in 2005, 2006, and 2007, including placing 2nd in 2007. In 2010 Gong helped coach the U.S. team that competed in the China Girls’ Mathematical Olympiad; five team members won gold medals. In 2011 she won the Alice T. Schafer Prize for Excellence in Mathematics by an Undergraduate Woman. Career After completing her doctorate, Gong did postdoctoral research as a Hedrick Assistant Adjunct Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles, and as a Maryam Mirzakhani Postdoctoral Fellow at Stanford University. She is currently an assistant professor of mathematics at Texas A&M University. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American mathematicians American women mathematicians Harvard College alumni Massachusetts Institute of Technology people International Mathematical Olympiad participants American people of Chinese descent 21st-century women mathematicians 21st-century American women
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q0%20%28mathematical%20logic%29
Q0 is Peter Andrews' formulation of the simply-typed lambda calculus, and provides a foundation for mathematics comparable to first-order logic plus set theory. It is a form of higher-order logic and closely related to the logics of the HOL theorem prover family. The theorem proving systems TPS and ETPS are based on Q0. In August 2009, TPS won the first-ever competition among higher-order theorem proving systems. Axioms of Q0 The system has just five axioms, which can be stated as:               ℩ (Axioms 2, 3, and 4 are axiom schemas—families of similar axioms. Instances of Axiom 2 and Axiom 3 vary only by the types of variables and constants, but instances of Axiom 4 can have any expression replacing A and B.) The subscripted "o" is the type symbol for boolean values, and subscripted "i" is the type symbol for individual (non-boolean) values. Sequences of these represent types of functions, and can include parentheses to distinguish different function types. Subscripted Greek letters such as α and β are syntactic variables for type symbols. Bold capital letters such as , , and are syntactic variables for WFFs, and bold lower case letters such as , are syntactic variables for variables. indicates syntactic substitution at all free occurrences. The only primitive constants are , denoting equality of members of each type α, and , denoting a description operator for individuals, the unique element of a set containing exactly one individual. The symbols λ and brackets ("[" and "]") are syntax of the language. All other symbols are abbreviations for terms containing these, including quantifiers ∀ and ∃. In Axiom 4, must be free for in , meaning that the substitution does not cause any occurrences of free variables of to become bound in the result of the substitution. About the axioms Axiom 1 expresses the idea that and are the only boolean values. Axiom schemas 2α and 3αβ express fundamental properties of functions. Axiom schema 4 defines the nature of λ notation. Axiom 5 says that the selection operator is the inverse of the equality function on individuals. (Given one argument, maps that individual to the set/predicate containing the individual. In Q0, is an abbreviation for , which is an abbreviation for .) This operator is also known as the definite description operator. In , Axiom 4 is developed in five subparts that break down the process of substitution. The axiom as given here is discussed as an alternative and proved from the subparts. Extensions of the logical core Andrews extends this logic with definitions of selection operators for collections of all types, so that   ℩ is a theorem (number 5309). In other words, all types have a definite description operator. This is a conservative extension, so the extended system is consistent if the core is consistent. He also presents an additional Axiom 6, which states that there are infinitely many individuals, along with equivalent alternative
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics%20in%20Medicine%20%28journal%29
Statistics in Medicine is a peer-reviewed statistics journal published by Wiley. Established in 1982, the journal publishes articles on medical statistics. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and SCOPUS. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 2.0. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1982 English-language journals Wiley (publisher) academic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic%20Theory%20and%20Dynamical%20Systems
Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published by Cambridge University Press. Established in 1981, the journal publishes articles on dynamical systems. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews and Zentralblatt MATH. Its 2009 impact factor was 0.822. External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1981 English-language journals Cambridge University Press academic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demushkin%20group
In mathematical group theory, a Demushkin group (also written as Demuškin or Demuskin) is a pro-p group G having a certain properties relating to duality in group cohomology. More precisely, G must be such that the first cohomology group with coefficients in Fp = Z/p Z has finite rank, the second cohomology group has rank 1, and the cup product induces a non-degenerate pairing H1(G,Fp)× H1(G,Fp) → H2(G,Fp). Such groups were introduced by . Demushkin groups occur as the Galois groups of the maximal p-extensions of local number fields containing all p-th roots of unity. References Group theory
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundlagen%20der%20Mathematik
Grundlagen der Mathematik (English: Foundations of Mathematics) is a two-volume work by David Hilbert and Paul Bernays. Originally published in 1934 and 1939, it presents fundamental mathematical ideas and introduced second-order arithmetic. Publication history 1934/1939 (Vol. I, II) First German edition, Springer 1944 Reprint of first edition by J. W. Edwards, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 1968/1970 (Vol. I, II) Second revised German edition, Springer 1979/1982 (Vol. I, II) Russian translation of 1968/1970, Nauka Publ., Moscow 2001/2003 (Vol. I, II) French translation, L’Harmattan, Paris 2011/2013 (Parts A and B of Vol. I, prefaces and sections 1-5) English translation of 1968 and 1934, bilingual with German facsimile on the left-hand sides. The Hilbert Bernays Project is producing an English translation. See also Hilbert–Bernays paradox References External links Hilbert Bernays Project which aims to produce an English translation of Grundlagen der Mathematik. 1934 non-fiction books 1939 non-fiction books Mathematical logic Mathematics books Logic books
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%27ayyad%20Abu%20Keshek
Moayad Omar Suleiman Abu Keshek is a Jordanian football coach and former player who is the head coach of Shabab Al Ubeidiya. He played as a forward for the Jordan national team. Career statistics International References Al-Faisaly (Amman) Allow its Player Abu Keshek to Move Out on Loan With Al-Jazeera (Amman) Abu Keshek Takes Professionalism in Jabal Al-Mukaber After Terminating His Contract With Al-Faisaly (Amman) Mo'ayyad Abu Keshek Officially Signs Up for Shabab Al-Ordon Shabab Al-Ordon Agrees to Terminate the Contract of Abu Keshek Mo'ayyad Abu Keshek Transfers to Fanja SC of Oman External links 1982 births Living people Jordanian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Al-Baqa'a SC players Al-Faisaly SC players Al-Nasr SC (Kuwait) players Al-Jazeera SC (Amman) players Jabal Al-Mukaber Club players Shabab Al-Ordon SC players Fanja SC players Shabab Al-Khader SC players Jordanian Pro League players Kuwait Premier League players Oman Professional League players West Bank Premier League players Jordan men's international footballers 2011 AFC Asian Cup players Jordanian expatriate men's footballers Jordanian expatriate sportspeople in Kuwait Jordanian expatriate sportspeople in the State of Palestine Jordanian expatriate sportspeople in Oman Expatriate men's footballers in Kuwait Expatriate men's footballers in the State of Palestine Expatriate men's footballers in Oman Jordanian football managers Jordanian expatriate football managers Expatriate football managers in the State of Palestine
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Pomeroy
Ken Pomeroy is the creator of the college basketball website and statistical archive KenPom. His website includes his College Basketball Ratings, statistics for every NCAA men's Division I basketball team, with archives dating back to the 2002 season, as well as a blog about current college basketball. His work on tempo-based basketball statistics is compared by many to the work of Bill James in baseball. As of the spring of 2012, Pomeroy is also an instructor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Utah. Pomeroy earned his undergraduate degree at Virginia Tech, and received a graduate degree in atmospheric science from Wyoming. After working as a meteorologist for the U.S. government, he quit that job to focus full-time on his website. He previously worked with the Houston Rockets, teaming up with noted advanced statistics user, general manager Daryl Morey. Pomeroy has written articles in The New York Times, ESPN.com, and Sports Illustrated. He was a co-author of The 2008-09 College Basketball Prospectus and has been an author for the past four years. Kenpom.com Pomeroy's website has helped explain basketball on a possession by possession level. His peers have taken to calling him "Doctor Po-Po." As well as maintaining and calculating a variety of statistics on his website, including tempo-free statistics, Pomeroy also maintains data on non-numeric factors such as offensive and defensive style of play. One such measure that Pomeroy uses is called log5, a proprietary blend of data for projecting the likelihood of teams advancing in conference and national tournaments. The equations for Pomeroy's log5 projections were originally created by Bill James. Throughout the season, Pomeroy continually updates his KenPom ratings for all 363 Division I men's basketball programs with metrics such as offensive and defensive efficiency, tempo, and pace. Although his site was more of a personal venture when it was founded, Pomeroy's research is used by numerous college basketball teams in an attempt to gain a competitive advantage. The accuracy of Pomeroy's rankings in predicting game outcomes has been noted by popular newspapers and blogs such as FiveThirtyEight, Mediaite, and The Wall Street Journal. Syracuse head basketball coach Jim Boeheim mentioned Pomeroy in a press conference rant about analytics on February 20, 2020, mistakenly attributing his consternation about certain stats to Pomeroy. Personal life He currently resides in Salt Lake City. References External links Kenpom.com Official website Ken Pomeroy University of Utah Department of Atmospheric Sciences profile Living people American sportswriters American bloggers American meteorologists 20th-century American mathematicians American statisticians University of Wyoming alumni Virginia Tech alumni Year of birth missing (living people) 21st-century American non-fiction writers 21st-century American mathematicians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%20Book%20Prize
The Euler Book Prize is an award named after Swiss mathematician and physicist Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) and given annually at the Joint Mathematics Meetings by the Mathematical Association of America to an outstanding book in mathematics that is likely to improve the public view of the field. The prize was founded in 2005 with funds provided by mathematician Paul Halmos (1916–2006) and his wife Virginia. It was first given in 2007; this date was chosen to honor the 300th anniversary of Euler's birth, as part of the MAA "Year of Euler" celebration. Winners 2007: John Derbyshire, Prime Obsession: Bernhard Riemann and the Greatest Unsolved Problem in Mathematics (Joseph Henry Press, 2003). The main subject of this popular-audience book is the Riemann hypothesis, concerning the location of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, and its application to the distribution of prime numbers. Due to a miscommunication, Derbyshire missed the award ceremony. 2008: Benjamin Yandell, The Honors Class: Hilbert's Problems and Their Solvers (AK Peters, 2002). This book intertwines the stories of the solutions to Hilbert's problems with the biographies of its solvers. The award was given posthumously to Yandell, who died in 2004. 2009: Siobhan Roberts, King of Infinite Space: Donald Coxeter, the Man Who Saved Geometry (Walker and Company, 2006). This biography of Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter also describes the history of geometry and Coxeter's contributions to the field. 2010: David S. Richeson, Euler's Gem: The Polyhedron Formula and the Birth of Topology (Princeton University Press, 2008). Richeson relates the history of Euler's formula connecting the numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of a convex polyhedron. The story leads from Euler's first observation in 1750 to modern topology and the mathematics of William Thurston and Grigori Perelman. 2011: Timothy Gowers, The Princeton Companion to Mathematics (Princeton University Press, 2008). This book provides an overview of modern research mathematics; Gowers edited the contributions of 133 distinguished mathematicians as well as writing many of the entries in it himself. 2012: Daina Taimiņa, Crocheting Adventures with Hyperbolic Planes, A. K. Peters 2009 2013: Persi Diaconis, Ronald Graham, Magical Mathematics: The Mathematical Ideas that Animate Great Magic Tricks, Princeton University Press 2011 2014: Steven Strogatz, The Joy of x: A Guided Tour of Math, from One to Infinity, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012 2015: Edward Frenkel, Love and Math: The Heart of Hidden Reality, Basic Books, 2013 2016: Jordan Ellenberg, How Not to Be Wrong: The Power of Mathematical Thinking, Penguin Press, 2014 2017: Ian Stewart, In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World, Basic Books, New York, 2012 2018: Matt Parker, Things to Make and Do in the Fourth Dimension, Farrar, Straus and Giroux (2014) 2019: Cathy O'Neil, Weapons of Math Destruction, Crown, 2016 2020: Tim Chartier, Math Bytes: Google Bombs, Cho
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme%20risk
Extreme risks are risks of very bad outcomes or "high consequence", but of low probability. They include the risks of terrorist attack, biosecurity risks such as the invasion of pests, and extreme natural disasters such as major earthquakes. Introduction The estimation of the probability of extreme events is difficult because of the lack of data: they are events that have not yet happened or have happened only very rarely, so relevant data are scarce. Thus standard statistical methods are generally inapplicable. Extreme value theory If there is some relevant data, the probability of events at or beyond the range of the data may be estimated by the statistical methods of extreme value theory, developed for such purposes as predicting 100-year floods from a limited range of data of past floods. In such cases a mathematical function may be fitted to the data and extrapolated beyond the range of the data to estimate the probability of extreme events. The results need to be treated with caution because of the possibility that the largest values in the past are unrepresentative, and the possibility that the behavior of the system has changed. Black swan theory In cases where the event of interest is very different from existing experience, there may be no relevant guide in the past data. Nassim Nicholas Taleb argues in his black swan theory that the frequency and impact of totally unexpected events is generally underestimated. With hindsight, they can be explained, but there is no prospect of predicting them. Bank operational risk Banks need to evaluate the risk of adverse events other than credit risks and market risks. These risks, called operational risks, include the major events most likely to cause bank failure, such as massive internal fraud. The international compliance regime for banks, Basel II, requires that such risks be quantified using a mixture of statistical theory, such as extreme value theory, and scenario analysis conducted by internal committees of experts. A bank regulator (such as the Federal Reserve in the United States) oversees the result. Negotiations between the parties result in a system that combines quantitative methods with informed and scrutinized expert opinion. This gives the potential to avoid as far as possible the problems caused by the paucity of data and the bias of pure expert opinion. Similar methods combining quantitative methods with moderated expert opinion have been used to evaluate biosecurity risks such as risks of invasive species that have potentially massive impacts on a country's economy or ecology. See also Global catastrophic risk References Further reading Risk Probability assessment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Lie%20algebra
In mathematics, a pre-Lie algebra is an algebraic structure on a vector space that describes some properties of objects such as rooted trees and vector fields on affine space. The notion of pre-Lie algebra has been introduced by Murray Gerstenhaber in his work on deformations of algebras. Pre-Lie algebras have been considered under some other names, among which one can cite left-symmetric algebras, right-symmetric algebras or Vinberg algebras. Definition A pre-Lie algebra is a vector space with a linear map , satisfying the relation This identity can be seen as the invariance of the associator under the exchange of the two variables and . Every associative algebra is hence also a pre-Lie algebra, as the associator vanishes identically. Although weaker than associativity, the defining relation of a pre-Lie algebra still implies that the commutator is a Lie bracket. In particular, the Jacobi identity for the commutator follows from cycling the terms in the defining relation for pre-Lie algebras, above. Examples Vector fields on an affine space Let be an open neighborhood of , parameterised by variables . Given vector fields , we define . The difference between and , is which is symmetric in and . Thus defines a pre-Lie algebra structure. Given a manifold and homeomorphisms from to overlapping open neighborhoods of , they each define a pre-Lie algebra structure on vector fields defined on the overlap. Whilst need not agree with , their commutators do agree: , the Lie bracket of and . Rooted trees Let be the free vector space spanned by all rooted trees. One can introduce a bilinear product on as follows. Let and be two rooted trees. where is the rooted tree obtained by adding to the disjoint union of and an edge going from the vertex of to the root vertex of . Then is a free pre-Lie algebra on one generator. More generally, the free pre-Lie algebra on any set of generators is constructed the same way from trees with each vertex labelled by one of the generators. References . . Lie groups Non-associative algebra
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kardar%E2%80%93Parisi%E2%80%93Zhang%20equation
In mathematics, the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation is a non-linear stochastic partial differential equation, introduced by Mehran Kardar, Giorgio Parisi, and Yi-Cheng Zhang in 1986. It describes the temporal change of a height field with spatial coordinate and time coordinate : Here, is white Gaussian noise with average and second moment , , and are parameters of the model, and is the dimension. In one spatial dimension, the KPZ equation corresponds to a stochastic version of Burgers' equation with field via the substitution . Via the renormalization group, the KPZ equation is conjectured to be the field theory of many surface growth models, such as the Eden model, ballistic deposition, and the weakly asymmetric single step solid on solid process (SOS) model. A rigorous proof has been given by Bertini and Giacomin in the case of the SOS model. KPZ universality class Many interacting particle systems, such as the totally asymmetric simple exclusion process, lie in the KPZ universality class. This class is characterized by the following critical exponents in one spatial dimension (1 + 1 dimension): the roughness exponent , growth exponent , and dynamic exponent . In order to check if a growth model is within the KPZ class, one can calculate the width of the surface: where is the mean surface height at time and is the size of the system. For models within the KPZ class, the main properties of the surface can be characterized by the Family–Vicsek scaling relation of the roughness with a scaling function satisfying In 2014, Hairer and Quastel showed that more generally, the following KPZ-like equations lie within the KPZ universality class: where is any even-degree polynomial. A family of processes that are conjectured to be universal limits in the (1+1) KPZ universality class and govern the long time fluctuations are the Airy processes. Solving the KPZ equation Due to the nonlinearity in the equation and the presence of space-time white noise, solutions to the KPZ equation are known to not be smooth or regular, but rather 'fractal' or 'rough.' Even without the nonlinear term, the equation reduces to the stochastic heat equation, whose solution is not differentiable in the space variable but satisfies a Hölder condition with exponent less than 1/2. Thus, the nonlinear term is ill-defined in a classical sense. In 2013, Martin Hairer made a breakthrough in solving the KPZ equation by an extension of the Cole–Hopf transformation and constructing approximations using Feynman diagrams. In 2014, he was awarded the Fields Medal for this work on the KPZ equation, along with rough paths theory and regularity structures. Physical derivation This derivation is from and. Suppose we want to describe a surface growth by some partial differential equation. Let represent the height of the surface at position and time . Their values are continuous. We expect that there would be a sort of smoothening mechanism. T
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission%20on%20Key%20National%20Indicators
The Commission on Key National Indicators was established in a provision of the 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act to oversee the creation of a system of citizen statistics known as a "Key National Indicators System". The statistics themselves are to be brought together in a publicly accessible website run by the nonprofit corporation The State of The USA. State of the USA, in turn, collects the information for its statistics from the United States National Academy of Sciences. Membership The commission is made up of eight members, appointed equally (two each) by the leaders of both parties in the Senate and the House of Representatives. According to the legislation creating the commission, appointees shall "have shown dedication to improving civic dialogue and decision-making through the wide use of scientific evidence and factual information." Official Duties The commission is charged with entering into contracts with the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) to create a Key National Indicators System, providing advice and oversight for the system, and coordinating with Federal government users and information providers to assure relevant and high-quality data. The NAS, in its annual Report to Congress, summarized its role as: Review research on the selection of a set of key national indicators, determine how to implement and establish a key national indicator system, and report annually to the Commission on Key National Indicators any findings and recommendations. The Key National Indicators System is to feature a website allowing free public access to a database of key national indicators. Selection of issue areas to be included in the system and measures to be used for the key indicators will be the responsibility of NAS through a multi-sector, multi-disciplinary process. As authorized in the legislation, NAS intends to work with an independent non-profit institution, The State of the USA, to implement the web site. Commissioners Current Nicholas Eberstadt Stephen B. Heintz Wade Horn Ikram Khan Dean Ornish Tomas J. Philipson Marta Tienda Former Marcus Peacock (resigned upon taking position as minority staff director on the Senate Budget Committee) References Government agencies established in 2010 United States federal boards, commissions, and committees
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corona%20set
In mathematics, the corona or corona set of a topological space X is the complement βX\X of the space in its Stone–Čech compactification βX. A topological space is said to be σ-compact if it is the union of countably many compact subspaces, and locally compact if every point has a neighbourhood with compact closure. The corona of a σ-compact and locally compact Hausdorff space is a sub-Stonean space, i.e., any two open σ-compact disjoint subsets have disjoint compact closures. See also Corona theorem Corona algebra, a non-commutative analogue of the corona set. References Topology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickart%20space
In mathematics, a Rickart space (after Charles Earl Rickart), also called a basically disconnected space, is a topological space in which open σ-compact subsets have compact open closures. named them after , who showed that Rickart spaces are related to monotone σ-complete C*-algebras in the same way that Stonean spaces are related to AW*-algebras. Rickart spaces are totally disconnected and sub-Stonean spaces. References Properties of topological spaces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Millwall%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics
This list encompasses the honours won by Millwall Football Club and records set by the club, their managers and their players. The record by competition section includes every competitive first team game Millwall have played since their inception in 1885. The cplayer records section includes details of the club's leading goalscorers and those who have made most appearances in first-team competitions, as well transfer records and attendances records. Player records Barry Kitchener holds the record for Millwall appearances, having played 596 matches between 1966 and 1982. The goalscoring record is held by Neil Harris, with 138 in all competitions. He broke the previous record of 111 goals, held by Teddy Sheringham on 13 January 2009, during a 3–2 away win at Crewe Alexandra. The club's widest victory margin in the league is 9–1, a scoreline which they achieved twice in their Football League Third Division South championship-winning year of 1927.</ref> They beat both Torquay United and Coventry City by this score at The Den. Millwall's heaviest league defeat was 8–1 away to Plymouth Argyle in 1932. The club's heaviest loss in all competitions was a 9–1 defeat at Aston Villa in an FA Cup fourth-round second-leg in 1946. Millwall's largest Cup win was 7–0 over Gateshead in 1936. Their highest scoring aggregate game was a 12-goal thriller at home to Preston North End in 1930 when Millwall lost 7–5. Most goals in a season: Richard Parker – 37 League goals (38 in all competitions, Third Division South 1926–27) Youngest player: Moses Ashikodi – Fifteen years and 240 days. (22 February 2003) Transfers Biggest Transfer fee paid: Zian Flemming – £1,700,000 from Fortuna Sittard Biggest Transfer fee received: George Saville – £8,000,000 to Middlesbrough Record by competition This table includes all competitive first team games played throughout Millwall's history in all league and cup competitions. It excludes all pre-season games, friendlies, abandoned matches, testimonials and games played during World War I & II. Key The season given as "first" denotes the season in which Millwall first played in the league or cup competition. The season given as "last" denotes the season in which Millwall last played in the league or cup competition. Italicised denotes that Millwall are currently participating in the competition. P = matches played; W = matches won; D = matches drawn; L = matches lost; F = goals for; A = goals against; +/- = goals against subtracted from goals for; Win% = percentage of total matches won. Statistics are correct as of 22 July 2020. a Associate Members' Cup results are included in Football League Trophy results. From 1992 lower league clubs became Full Members of the league, hence the competition being renamed. League history Millwall have played in all four divisions during their 94 consecutive seasons as a member of the Football League, including Division Three South. Since the restructuring of the Football League with a national f
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sub-Stonean%20space
In topology, a sub-Stonean space is a locally compact Hausdorff space such that any two open σ-compact disjoint subsets have disjoint compact closures. Related, an F-space, introduced by , is a completely regular Hausdorff space for which every finitely generated ideal of the ring of real-valued continuous functions is principal, or equivalently every real-valued continuous function can be written as for some real-valued continuous function . When dealing with compact spaces, the two concepts are the same, but in general, the concepts are different. The relationship between the sub-Stonean spaces and F-spaces is studied in Henriksen and Woods, 1989. Examples Rickart spaces and the corona sets of locally compact σ-compact Hausdorff spaces are sub-Stonean spaces. See also Extremally disconnected space F-space References Properties of topological spaces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oren%20Root%20II
Oren Root Jr. (May 18, 1838 – August 27, 1907) was an American Presbyterian minister and professor of mathematics and natural sciences at Hamilton College in Clinton, New York and professor of English at the University of Missouri. He was founder of the Zeta Phi Society as well as a member of the Sigma Phi fraternity and a high degree Freemason. He was the elder brother of Secretary of State Elihu Root. Root was born in Syracuse, New York, to Oren Root I, a professor of mathematics at Hamilton College and was a brother of Elihu Root. He graduated from Hamilton in 1856 then attended Rutgers College for a Doctor of Divinity degree. In 1866 he became a professor of English at the University of Missouri-Columbia. He founded the Zeta Phi Society in 1870, now the Zeta Phi chapter of Beta Theta Pi. Root was also co-editor of the Columbian Speaker. He took up work at Hamilton College in 1880 where he taught natural sciences and mathematics for the last 27 years of his life. Root died in 1907 from cirrhosis of the liver at age 69. He was survived by his wife, two daughters, and three sons. References 1838 births 1907 deaths Hamilton College (New York) faculty American people of English descent University of Missouri faculty American Presbyterian ministers 19th-century American clergy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-Pierre-Eug%C3%A8ne%20S%C3%A9dillot
Louis-Pierre-Eugène Amélie Sédillot (23 June 1808 in Paris – 2 December 1875), was a French orientalist and historian of science and mathematics. Biography His father, , orientalist and astronomer, worked alongside Delambre and Laplace. His older brother, Charles-Emmanuel Sédillot, became a renowned surgeon. Louis-Pierre-Eugene also showed predispositions towards study. He began his career as a history teacher before becoming Secretary of the Collège de France and the School of Oriental Languages in 1832. Selected works Manuel de la Bourse, contenant des notions exactes sur les effets publics français et étrangers, avec l'état de leur cours respectif depuis l'origine ; sur les affaires qui se traitent à la Bourse de Paris, 1829 Traité des instruments astronomiques des Arabes composé au treizième siècle par Aboul Hhassan Ali, de Maroc, intitulé Collection des commencements et des fins, traduit de l'arabe sur le manuscrit 1147 de la Bibliothèque royale par J.-J. Sédillot, et publié par L.-Am. Sédillot, 2 volumes, 1834–1835 Manuel classique de chronologie, 2 volumes, 1834–1850 Mémoire sur les instruments astronomiques des Arabes, 1841 Mémoire sur les systèmes géographiques des Grecs et des Arabes, 1842 Supplément au Traité des instruments astronomiques des Arabes, 1844 Matériaux pour servir à l'histoire comparée des sciences mathématiques chez les Grecs et les Orientaux, 2 volumes, 1845–1849 Prolégomènes des tables astronomiques d'Oloug-Beg, publiés avec notes et variantes et précédés d'une introduction, 1847 Histoire des Arabes, 1854 ; 1877. Reprint: Plan-de-la-Tour : Éd. d'Aujourd'hui, coll. « Les Introuvables », 1984 Mémoire sur l'origine de nos chiffres, 1865 Les Professeurs de mathématiques et de physique générale au Collège de France, 1869. Reprint: Ann Arbor : UMI, 1992 External links Biography Historians of science French historians of mathematics French orientalists 19th-century French historians 1808 births 1875 deaths French male non-fiction writers 19th-century French male writers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Blei
David Meir Blei is a professor in the Statistics and Computer Science departments at Columbia University. Prior to fall 2014 he was an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University. His work is primarily in machine learning. Research His research interests include topic models and he was one of the original developers of latent Dirichlet allocation, along with Andrew Ng and Michael I. Jordan. As of June 18, 2020, his publications have been cited 109,821 times, giving him an h-index of 97. Honors and awards Blei received the ACM Infosys Foundation Award in 2013. (This award is given to a computer scientist under the age of 45. It has since been renamed the ACM Prize in Computing.) He was named Fellow of ACM "For contributions to the theory and practice of probabilistic topic modeling and Bayesian machine learning" in 2015. References External links Homepage Latent Dirichlet Allocation (PDF) Publications ACM-Infosys Foundation Award, 2013 Living people Artificial intelligence researchers Brown University alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni Columbia University faculty Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery Recipients of the ACM Prize in Computing Year of birth missing (living people) Machine learning researchers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Anton%20Bretschneider
Carl Anton Bretschneider (27 May 1808 – 6 November 1878) was a mathematician from Gotha, Germany. Bretschneider worked in geometry, number theory, and history of geometry. He also worked on logarithmic integrals and mathematical tables. He was one of the first mathematicians to use the symbol for Euler's constant when he published his 1837 paper. He is best known for his discovery of Bretschneider's formula for the area of a general quadrilateral on a plane, where, and are the sides of the quadrilateral, is the semiperimeter, and and are two opposite angles. He is the son of Karl Gottlieb Bretschneider, a theologian. Publications Carl Anton Bretschneider (1837). "Theoriae logarithmi integralis lineamenta nova". Crelle Journal, vol.17, p. 257-285 (submitted 1835) See also Heron's formula Brahmagupta's formula References Leonard Eugene Dickson, Extensions of Waring's theorem on fourth powers, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. vol. 33 (1927) pp. 319–327 Karl August Regel, Gedächtnissrede auf Carl Anton Bretschneider in der Aula des Gymnasium Ernestinum am 15. Januar 1879. In: Programm des Herzoglichen Gymnasium Ernestinum zu Gotha als Einladung zur Theilnahme an der am 31. März zu veranstaltenden Prüfung sämmtlicher Classen. Gotha, Engelhard-Reyer Hofbuchdruckerei, 1879, S. 1–10. (Mit Schriftenverzeichnis). Alfred Bretschneider, Ein Gedenkblatt für seine Freunde und Schüler. Zeitschrift für Mathematik und Physik 24 – Historisch-literarische Abtheilung, 1879, S. 79–91. Der Lehrsatz des Matthew Stewart, Grunert-Archiv 50, 1869, S. 11–17 Die harmonischen Polarcurven, Grunert-Archiv 50, 1869, S. 475–499 Die Geometrie und die Geometer vor Euklides: ein historischer Versuch, B. G. Teubner, Leipzig 1870 Zur Berechnung des Trapezes aus seinen Seiten, Grunert-Archiv 52, 1870, S. 24–25 Einfache Berechnung der Winkel eines ebenen oder sphärischen Dreiecks aus den Seiten der Figur, Grunert-Archiv 52, 1870, S. 371–374 External links Beiträge zur sphärischen Trigonometrie, Crelles Journal 13, 1835, S. 85–92 Beiträge zur sphärischen Trigonometrie. (Schluß), Crelles Journal 13, 1835, S. 145–158 Theoriae logarithmi integralis lineamenta nova, Crelles Journal 17, 1837, S. 257–285 Untersuchung der trigonometrischen Relationen des geradlinigen Viereckes, Grunert-Archiv 2, 1842, S. 225–261 Tafeln für die Zerlegung der Zahlen bis 4100 in Biquadrate, Crelles Journal 46, 1853, S. 1–23 19th-century German mathematicians 1808 births 1878 deaths Geometers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Tajik%20League
Tajik League is the top division of the Tajikistan Football Federation, it was created in 1992. These are the statistics of the Tajik League in the 1994 season. Table References Season at RSSSF Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1995%20Tajik%20League
Tajik League is the top division of the Tajikistan Football Federation, it was created in 1992. These are the statistics of the Tajik League in the 1995 season. Table Sources Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996%20Tajik%20League
Tajik League is the top division of the Tajikistan Football Federation, it was created in 1992. These are the statistics of the Tajik League in the 1996 season. Table Sources Tajikistan Higher League seasons 1 Tajik Tajik
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Wainer
Howard Charles Wainer (born October 26, 1943) is an American statistician, past principal research scientist at the Educational Testing Service, adjunct professor of statistics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and author, known for his contributions in the fields of statistics, psychometrics, and statistical graphics. Biography Early life Howard Wainer was born Howard Charles Goldhaber in Brooklyn, New York on October 26, 1943. In 1948 his father Meyer Goldhaber, an anatomist by education and a dentist by profession, died of complications from a bleeding ulcer at the age of 35. Howard, his brother and his mother moved in with his mother's parents. After two years his mother married Sam Wainer, a local businessman, and the family relocated to Long Island. Howard was formally adopted by his mother's new husband and took the surname Wainer. Education Early on Wainer showed an aptitude for science and mathematics. In 1960, at the end of his junior year in high school, he was accepted into a National Science Foundation honors program at Columbia University. He spent two hours traveling on subway and bus each way to and from Columbia, learning about Markov chains and number theory in the morning and working on the IBM 650 computer in the afternoon. Wainer's experiences at Columbia motivated him to continue his studies along similar lines. He matriculated at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1961 to study mathematics. It was at R.P.I. that Wainer first encountered psychometrics. There, Professor George Boguslavsky was so impressed with his abilities and enthusiasm that he recommended Wainer for a Psychometric Fellowship at Princeton University under Harold Gulliksen. Wainer received his B.S. from R.P.I. in mathematics in 1965 and a Ph.D. from Princeton in psychometrics in 1968. Career Howard Wainer began his teaching career at Temple University in 1968, staying on as an assistant professor until 1970. After Temple he taught at the University of Chicago, as a member of the Committee on Methodology in the department of Behavioral Sciences until 1977. Wainer then moved to Washington, D.C., to join the Bureau of Social Science Research, a nonprofit organization that focused on policy research. During his time in DC Wainer also joined with Richard Roistacher and Barbara Noble in founding Multiple Technical Services, a small firm that provided statistical and computational advice to the DC research community. In 1980 he moved to Princeton NJ to become a principal research scientist at the Educational Testing Service, a position he held for 21 years. In 2001 he assumed the position of Distinguished Research Scientist at the National Board of Medical Examiners, from which he retired on December 2, 2016. Wainer was also an adjunct professor of statistics at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania from 2002 until 2013. Awards and honors Howard Wainer is the recipient of numerous awards and honors: He is a fellow of th
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advances%20in%20Difference%20Equations
Advances in Difference Equations is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal covering research on difference equations, published by Springer Open. The journal was established in 2004 and publishes articles on theory, methodology, and application of difference and differential equations. Originally published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation, the journal was acquired by Springer Science+Business Media in early 2011. The editors-in-chief are Ravi Agarwal, Martin Bohner, and Elena Braverman. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed by the Science Citation Index Expanded, Current Contents/Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences, and Zentralblatt MATH. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 2.803. from July 1, the journal has been transitioning to a new title that opens the scope of the journal to broader developments in theory and applications of models. Under the new title, Advances in Continuous and Discrete Models: Theory and Modern Applications, the journal will cover developments in machine learning, data driven modeling, differential equations, numerical analysis, scientific computing, control, optimization, and computing. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 2004 English-language journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals Open access journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advances%20in%20Theoretical%20and%20Mathematical%20Physics
Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics (ATMP) is a peer-reviewed, mathematics journal, published by International Press. Established in 1997, the journal publishes articles on theoretical physics and mathematics. The current managing editors are Charles Doran, Babak Haghighat, Junya Yagi and Hossein Yavartanoo. Abstracting, indexing, and reviews This journal is indexed in the following databases: Science Citation Index Expanded MathSciNet – also reviews this journal Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences Zentralblatt MATH External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 1997 English-language journals International Press academic journals Bimonthly journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201971%29
Carlos Soares Garrit (born December 4, 1971) is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1971 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers J1 League players Kashima Antlers players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regis%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201973%29
Regis Felisberto Masarim (born 6 March 1973) is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1971 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers J1 League players Kashima Antlers players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Men's association football midfielders
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celso%20Luis%20Gomes
Celso Luis Gomes (born 2 September 1964) is a former Brazilian football player. Club statistics References External links 1964 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Brazilian expatriate men's footballers J1 League players Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Shimizu S-Pulse players Men's association football defenders People from Três Corações
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo%20Morales%20%28Argentine%20footballer%29
Marcelo Morales (born October 9, 1966) is a former Argentine football player. Club statistics References External links reds.uijin.com 1966 births Living people Argentine men's footballers J1 League players Urawa Red Diamonds players Argentine expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Footballers from San Isidro, Buenos Aires Men's association football midfielders Expatriate men's footballers in Ecuador Club Atlético Temperley footballers Club Atlético Independiente footballers C.S. Emelec footballers Deportivo Español footballers Barcelona S.C. footballers Ferro Carril Oeste footballers Arsenal de Sarandí footballers Club Atlético Tigre footballers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Burton%20Albion%20F.C.%20records%20and%20statistics
Burton Albion Football Club are a professional football club from Burton Upon Trent, Staffordshire. They were formed in 1950. They turned professional in 1950. In early 1950 they were elected into the Birmingham & District League where they remained until the end of the 1957-58 season. In the 1958-59 they moved into the Southern League. Before the 1979-80 they joined the Northern Premier League and in the 1987-88 they re-joined the Southern League. For the 2000-01 season they joined they re-joined the Northern Premier League then they joined the Football Conference and in the 2008-09 season they earned promotion to the Football League Two. Honours and achievements Football League One (Level 3) Runners-Up: 2015-16 Football League Two (Level 4) Winners (1): 2014-15 Football Conference (Level 5) Winners (1): 2008-09 Northern Premier League (Level 6) Winners (1): 2001-02 Southern League Premier Division (Level 6) Runners-Up (2): 1999-2000, 2000–01 FA Trophy Runners-Up (1): 1986-87 Southern League Cup Winners (3): 1963-64, 1996–97, 1999–2000 Runners-Up (1): 1988-89 Northern Premier League Challenge Cup Winners (1): 1982-83 Runners-Up (1): 1986-87 Northern League President's Cup Runners-Up (2): 1982-83, 1985–86 Staffordshire Senior Cup Winners (1): 1955-56 Runners-Up (1): 1976-77 Birmingham Senior Cup Winners (2): 1953-54, 1996–97 Runners-Up (4): 1969-70, 1970–71, 1986–87, 2007–08 Bass Charity Vase Winners (15): 1954, 1961, 1970, 1971, 1981, 1986, 1997, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016 Runners-Up (12): 1952, 1957, 1973, 1980, 1982, 1983, 1984, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2010 Player records Appearances Goalscorers Top Goalscorers Managerial Records First Manager: Reg Weston managed club for 338 games, from June 1950 to July 1957 Longest serving Manager: Nigel Clough managed club for 742 games, from October 1998 to January 2009 and since December 2015. At total of 11 years. Club Records Matches First Football League match: Shrewsbury Town 3–1 Burton Albion, 8 August 2009 First League Cup match: Reading 5–1 Burton Albion, 11 August 2009 First Football League Trophy match: Burton Albion 1–5 Chesterfield, 1 September 2009 First match at Pirelli Stadium: Burton Albion 2–2 Chester City, 16 July 2005 Record wins Record win: 12–1 v Coalville Town, Birmingham Senior Cup, 6 September 1954 Record Football League win: 6–1 v Aldershot Town, Football League Two, 12 December 2009 Record FA Cup win: 5–1 v Rothwell Town, 1983 4–0 v Wootton Blue Cross, 1984 5–1 v Letchwood Garden City, 1986 Record League Cup win: 4–2 v Leicester City, 28 August 2012 Record defeats Record defeat: 0–10 v Barnet, Southern League Premier Division, 7 February 1970 Record Football League defeat: 1–7 v Bristol Rovers, Football League Two, 14 April 2012 1–7 v Port Vale, Football League Two, 5 April 2012 Record FA Cup: 0–7 v Charlton Athletic, 1952 Record League Cup: 0–9 v Manchester City, 9 January 2019 References Records And Statistics Burton Albion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C5%91s%20space
In mathematics, Erdős space is a topological space named after Paul Erdős, who described it in 1940. Erdős space is defined as a subspace of the Hilbert space of square summable sequences, consisting of the sequences whose elements are all rational numbers. Erdős space is a totally disconnected, one-dimensional topological space. The space is homeomorphic to in the product topology. If the set of all homeomorphisms of the Euclidean space (for ) that leave invariant the set of rational vectors is endowed with the compact-open topology, it becomes homeomorphic to the Erdős space. Erdős space also surfaces in complex dynamics via iteration of the function . Let denote the -fold composition of . The set of all points such that is a collection of pairwise disjoint rays (homeomorphic copies of ), each joining an endpoint in to the point at infinity. The set of finite endpoints is homeomorphic to Erdős space . See also References Topological spaces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil%20Kara%C5%A1
Kamil Karaš (born 1 March 1991) is a Slovak football midfielder. Career statistics External links MFK Košice profile 1991 births Living people People from Stará Ľubovňa Footballers from the Prešov Region Men's association football midfielders Slovak men's footballers Slovakia men's youth international footballers FC VSS Košice players FC Košice (2018) players FK Železiarne Podbrezová players FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce players Slovak First Football League players SK Sigma Olomouc players FC Lokomotíva Košice players 1. FC Tatran Prešov players Slovak expatriate sportspeople in the Czech Republic Expatriate men's footballers in the Czech Republic 2. Liga (Slovakia) players 3. Liga (Slovakia) players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everton%20Nogueira
Everton Nogueira (born 12 December 1959) is a former Brazilian football player who played as an attacking midfielder. Club statistics References External links 1959 births Living people Brazilian men's footballers Men's association football midfielders Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players Londrina Esporte Clube players São Paulo FC players Guarani FC players Clube Atlético Mineiro players Sport Club Corinthians Paulista players Primeira Liga players FC Porto players Japan Soccer League players J1 League players Japan Football League (1992–1998) players Yokohama F. Marinos players Kyoto Sanga FC players Brazilian expatriate men's footballers Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Japan Expatriate men's footballers in Japan Footballers from São Paulo (state)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AStA%20Advances%20in%20Statistical%20Analysis
AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Springer Science+Business Media and the German Statistical Society. It was established in 2007, and covers statistical theory, methods, methodological developments, as well as probability and mathematics applications. Coverage is organized into three broad areas: statistical applications, statistical methodology, and review articles. The editor were Göran Kauermann (2009–2019) and Stefan Lang (2009–2014). In 2022 the editor are Thomas Kneib and Yarema Okhrin. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.160. References External links Mathematics journals Academic journals established in 2007 English-language journals Quarterly journals Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin%20Che-bon
Shin Che-bon (born September 27, 1971) is a former South Korean football player. Club statistics References External links 1971 births Living people Association football people from Tokyo South Korean men's footballers J1 League players Japan Football League (1992–1998) players Japan Football League players JEF United Chiba players Kawasaki Frontale players Tokyo Musashino United FC players Men's association football forwards
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrik%20Lostedt
Patrik Lostedt (born March 19, 1981) is a Finnish professional ice hockey player who used to play for Espoo Blues of the SM-liiga. He currently plays for Bewe Hockey. Career statistics See also Ice hockey in Finland References External links 1981 births Living people Espoo Blues players Finnish ice hockey left wingers HC Salamat players HIFK (ice hockey) players Ice hockey people from Helsinki Kiekko-Vantaa players Mikkelin Jukurit players
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre%20Wintenberger
Jean-Pierre Wintenberger (1954 – 23 January 2019) was a French mathematician and a professor of mathematics at the University of Strasbourg. He was corecipient of the 2011 Cole Prize in number theory, along with Chandrashekhar Khare, for his proof of Serre's modularity conjecture. Wintenberger earned his Ph.D. at Joseph Fourier University in 1984, under supervision of Jean-Marc Fontaine. Wintenberger died on 23 January 2019. References External links 1954 births 2019 deaths École Normale Supérieure alumni 21st-century French mathematicians Number theorists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Rousseeuw
Peter J. Rousseeuw (born 13 October 1956) is a statistician known for his work on robust statistics and cluster analysis. He obtained his PhD in 1981 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, following research carried out at the ETH in Zurich, which led to a book on influence functions. Later he was professor at the Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, and at the University of Antwerp, Belgium. Next he was a senior researcher at Renaissance Technologies. He then returned to Belgium as professor at KU Leuven, until becoming emeritus in 2022. His former PhD students include Annick Leroy, Hendrik Lopuhaä, Geert Molenberghs, Christophe Croux, Mia Hubert, Stefan Van Aelst, Tim Verdonck and Jakob Raymaekers. Research Rousseeuw has constructed and published many useful techniques. He proposed the Least Trimmed Squares method and S-estimators for robust regression, which can resist outliers in the data. He also introduced the Minimum Volume Ellipsoid and Minimum Covariance Determinant methods for robust scatter matrices. This work led to his book Robust Regression and Outlier Detection with Annick Leroy. With Leonard Kaufman he coined the term medoid when proposing the k-medoids method for cluster analysis, also known as Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM). His silhouette display shows the result of a cluster analysis, and the corresponding silhouette coefficient is often used to select the number of clusters. The work on cluster analysis led to a book titled Finding Groups in Data. Rousseeuw was the original developer of the R package cluster along with Mia Hubert and Anja Struyf. The Rousseeuw-Croux scale estimator is an efficient alternative to the median absolute deviation (see robust measures of scale). With Ida Ruts and John Tukey he introduced the bagplot, a bivariate generalization of the boxplot. His more recent work has focused on concepts and algorithms for statistical depth functions in the settings of multivariate, regression and functional data, and on robust principal component analysis. His current research is on visualization of classification and cellwise outliers. Recognition Rousseeuw was elected Member of International Statistical Institute (1991), Fellow of Institute of Mathematical Statistics (1993), and Fellow of the American Statistical Association (1994). His 1984 paper on robust regression has been reprinted in Breakthroughs in Statistics, which collected and annotated the 60 most influential papers in statistics from 1850 to 1990. He became an ISI highly cited researcher in 2003, and was awarded the Jack Youden Prize (2018) and the Frank Wilcoxon Prize (2021). Creation of the Rousseeuw Prize for Statistics From 2016 onward Peter Rousseeuw worked on creating a new biennial prize, sponsored by him. The goal of the prize is to recognize outstanding statistical innovations with impact on society, and to promote awareness of the important role and intellectual content