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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horizontal%20line%20test | In mathematics, the horizontal line test is a test used to determine whether a function is injective (i.e., one-to-one).
In calculus
A horizontal line is a straight, flat line that goes from left to right. Given a function (i.e. from the real numbers to the real numbers), we can decide if it is injective by looking a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscat | Muscat (, ) is the capital and most populated city in Oman. It is the seat of the Governorate of Muscat. According to the National Centre for Statistics and Information (NCSI), the total population of Muscat Governorate was 1.72 million as of September 2022. The metropolitan area spans approximately and includes six ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplication%20table | In mathematics, a multiplication table (sometimes, less formally, a times table) is a mathematical table used to define a multiplication operation for an algebraic system.
The decimal multiplication table was traditionally taught as an essential part of elementary arithmetic around the world, as it lays the foundation... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Moivre%27s%20formula | In mathematics, de Moivre's formula (also known as de Moivre's theorem and de Moivre's identity) states that for any real number and integer it holds that
where is the imaginary unit (). The formula is named after Abraham de Moivre, although he never stated it in his works. The expression is sometimes abbreviated... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20M.%20Buchanan | James McGill Buchanan Jr. (; October 3, 1919 – January 9, 2013) was an American economist known for his work on public choice theory originally outlined in his most famous work, The Calculus of Consent, co-authored with Gordon Tullock in 1962. He continued to develop the theory, eventually receiving the Nobel Memorial ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson%20radical | In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, the Jacobson radical of a ring R is the ideal consisting of those elements in R that annihilate all simple right R-modules. It happens that substituting "left" in place of "right" in the definition yields the same ideal, and so the notion is left-right symmetric. The Jacob... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Baxter%20%28author%29 | Stephen Baxter (born 13 November 1957) is an English hard science fiction author. He has degrees in mathematics and engineering.
Writing style
Strongly influenced by SF pioneer H. G. Wells, Baxter has been vice-president of the international H. G. Wells Society since 2006. His fiction falls into three main categorie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grover%27s%20algorithm | In quantum computing, Grover's algorithm, also known as the quantum search algorithm, is a quantum algorithm for unstructured search that finds with high probability the unique input to a black box function that produces a particular output value, using just evaluations of the function, where is the size of the funct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finitely%20generated%20abelian%20group | In abstract algebra, an abelian group is called finitely generated if there exist finitely many elements in such that every in can be written in the form for some integers . In this case, we say that the set is a generating set of or that generate .
Every finite abelian group is finitely generated. The finite... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Euclidean%20geometry | In mathematics, non-Euclidean geometry consists of two geometries based on axioms closely related to those that specify Euclidean geometry. As Euclidean geometry lies at the intersection of metric geometry and affine geometry, non-Euclidean geometry arises by either replacing the parallel postulate with an alternative,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20sum%20of%20modules | In abstract algebra, the direct sum is a construction which combines several modules into a new, larger module. The direct sum of modules is the smallest module which contains the given modules as submodules with no "unnecessary" constraints, making it an example of a coproduct. Contrast with the direct product, which ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20formula | In elementary algebra, the quadratic formula is a formula that provides the two solutions, or roots, to a quadratic equation. There are other ways of solving a quadratic equation instead of using the quadratic formula, such as completing the square.
Given a general quadratic equation of the form
with representing an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base%20%28topology%29 | In mathematics, a base (or basis; : bases) for the topology of a topological space is a family of open subsets of such that every open set of the topology is equal to the union of some sub-family of . For example, the set of all open intervals in the real number line is a basis for the Euclidean topology on beca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial%20and%20terminal%20objects | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, an initial object of a category is an object in such that for every object in , there exists precisely one morphism .
The dual notion is that of a terminal object (also called terminal element): is terminal if for every object in there exists exactly one morphism . I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preadditive%20category | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a preadditive category is
another name for an Ab-category, i.e., a category that is enriched over the category of abelian groups, Ab.
That is, an Ab-category C is a category such that
every hom-set Hom(A,B) in C has the structure of an abelian group, and composition o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monomorphism | In the context of abstract algebra or universal algebra, a monomorphism is an injective homomorphism. A monomorphism from to is often denoted with the notation .
In the more general setting of category theory, a monomorphism (also called a monic morphism or a mono) is a left-cancellative morphism. That is, an arrow... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figure-eight%20knot%20%28mathematics%29 | In knot theory, a figure-eight knot (also called Listing's knot) is the unique knot with a crossing number of four. This makes it the knot with the third-smallest possible crossing number, after the unknot and the
trefoil knot. The figure-eight knot is a prime knot.
Origin of name
The name is given because tying a n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biproduct | In category theory and its applications to mathematics, a biproduct of a finite collection of objects, in a category with zero objects, is both a product and a coproduct. In a preadditive category the notions of product and coproduct coincide for finite collections of objects. The biproduct is a generalization of finit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endomorphism%20ring | In mathematics, the endomorphisms of an abelian group X form a ring. This ring is called the endomorphism ring of X, denoted by End(X); the set of all homomorphisms of X into itself. Addition of endomorphisms arises naturally in a pointwise manner and multiplication via endomorphism composition. Using these operations... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagonalization | In logic and mathematics, diagonalization may refer to:
Matrix diagonalization, a construction of a diagonal matrix (with nonzero entries only on the main diagonal) that is similar to a given matrix
Diagonal argument (disambiguation), various closely related proof techniques, including:
Cantor's diagonal argument, u... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity%20matrix | In linear algebra, the identity matrix of size is the square matrix with ones on the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere. It has unique properties, for example when the identity matrix represents a geometric transformation, the object remains unchanged by the transformation. In other contexts, it is analogous to multip... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexagon | In geometry, a hexagon (from Greek , , meaning "six", and , , meaning "corner, angle") is a six-sided polygon. The total of the internal angles of any simple (non-self-intersecting) hexagon is 720°.
Regular hexagon
A regular hexagon has Schläfli symbol {6} and can also be constructed as a truncated equilateral triangl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20group | In mathematics, the free group FS over a given set S consists of all words that can be built from members of S, considering two words to be different unless their equality follows from the group axioms (e.g. st = suu−1t but s ≠ t−1 for s,t,u ∈ S). The members of S are called generators of FS, and the number of generato... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20series | In mathematics, a power series (in one variable) is an infinite series of the form
where an represents the coefficient of the nth term and c is a constant. Power series are useful in mathematical analysis, where they arise as Taylor series of infinitely differentiable functions. In fact, Borel's theorem implies that e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20surface | In mathematics, the Roman surface or Steiner surface is a self-intersecting mapping of the real projective plane into three-dimensional space, with an unusually high degree of symmetry. This mapping is not an immersion of the projective plane; however, the figure resulting from removing six singular points is one. Its ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20power%20series | In mathematics, a formal series is an infinite sum that is considered independently from any notion of convergence, and can be manipulated with the usual algebraic operations on series (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, partial sums, etc.).
A formal power series is a special kind of formal series, whose... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topological%20ring | In mathematics, a topological ring is a ring that is also a topological space such that both the addition and the multiplication are continuous as maps:
where carries the product topology. That means is an additive topological group and a multiplicative topological semigroup.
Topological rings are fundamentally re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-adic%20topology | In commutative algebra, the mathematical study of commutative rings, adic topologies are a family of topologies on the underlying set of a module, generalizing the -adic topologies on the integers.
Definition
Let be a commutative ring and an -module. Then each ideal of determines a topology on called the -adic to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARITH-MATIC | You may have been looking for arithmetic, a branch of mathematics.
ARITH-MATIC is an extension of Grace Hopper's A-2 programming language, developed around 1955. ARITH-MATIC was originally known as A-3, but was renamed by the marketing department of Remington Rand UNIVAC.
Some ARITH-MATIC subroutines
See also
A-0 S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC%20ALGOL | ABC ALGOL is an extension of the programming language ALGOL 60 with arbitrary data structures and user-defined operators, intended for computer algebra (symbolic mathematics). Despite its advances, it was never used as widely as Algol proper.
References
External links
ALGOL 60 dialect |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique%20factorization%20domain | In mathematics, a unique factorization domain (UFD) (also sometimes called a factorial ring following the terminology of Bourbaki) is a ring in which a statement analogous to the fundamental theorem of arithmetic holds. Specifically, a UFD is an integral domain (a nontrivial commutative ring in which the product of any... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UFD | UFD may refer to:
Union of the Democratic Forces (France), a defunct electoral coalition ()
Unique factorization domain, in abstract algebra
United Front Department, a North Korean government body
Ural Federal District, Russia
USB flash drive, in computing
Ultra faint dwarf, a type of dwarf spheroidal galaxy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20element | In mathematics, specifically in abstract algebra, a prime element of a commutative ring is an object satisfying certain properties similar to the prime numbers in the integers and to irreducible polynomials. Care should be taken to distinguish prime elements from irreducible elements, a concept which is the same in UFD... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible%20element | In algebra, an irreducible element of an integral domain is a non-zero element that is not invertible (that is, is not a unit), and is not the product of two non-invertible elements.
The irreducible elements are the terminal elements of a factorization process; that is, they are the factors that cannot be further fact... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudosphere | In geometry, a pseudosphere is a surface with constant negative Gaussian curvature.
A pseudosphere of radius is a surface in having curvature in each point. Its name comes from the analogy with the sphere of radius , which is a surface of curvature . The term was introduced by Eugenio Beltrami in his 1868 paper on ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curvature | In mathematics, curvature is any of several strongly related concepts in geometry. Intuitively, the curvature is the amount by which a curve deviates from being a straight line, or a surface deviates from being a plane.
For curves, the canonical example is that of a circle, which has a curvature equal to the reciproca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive%20category | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, an additive category is a preadditive category C admitting all finitary biproducts.
Definition
There are two equivalent definitions of an additive category: One as a category equipped with additional structure, and another as a category equipped with no extra structure... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20chain | A Markov chain or Markov process is a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event. Informally, this may be thought of as, "What happens next depends only on the state of affairs now." A countably infinite seque... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20integral%20theorem | In mathematics, the Cauchy integral theorem (also known as the Cauchy–Goursat theorem) in complex analysis, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy (and Édouard Goursat), is an important statement about line integrals for holomorphic functions in the complex plane. Essentially, it says that if is holomorphic in a simply con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent%20series | In mathematics, the Laurent series of a complex function is a representation of that function as a power series which includes terms of negative degree. It may be used to express complex functions in cases where a Taylor series expansion cannot be applied. The Laurent series was named after and first published by Pier... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straightedge%20and%20compass%20construction | In geometry, straightedge-and-compass construction – also known as ruler-and-compass construction, Euclidean construction, or classical construction – is the construction of lengths, angles, and other geometric figures using only an idealized ruler and a pair of compasses.
The idealized ruler, known as a straightedge,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois%20theory | In mathematics, Galois theory, originally introduced by Évariste Galois, provides a connection between field theory and group theory. This connection, the fundamental theorem of Galois theory, allows reducing certain problems in field theory to group theory, which makes them simpler and easier to understand.
Galois in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commutative%20ring | In mathematics, a commutative ring is a ring in which the multiplication operation is commutative. The study of commutative rings is called commutative algebra. Complementarily, noncommutative algebra is the study of ring properties that are not specific to commutative rings. This distinction results from the high numb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent%20polynomial | In mathematics, a Laurent polynomial (named
after Pierre Alphonse Laurent) in one variable over a field is a linear combination of positive and negative powers of the variable with coefficients in . Laurent polynomials in X form a ring denoted . They differ from ordinary polynomials in that they may have terms of nega... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boy%27s%20surface | In geometry, Boy's surface is an immersion of the real projective plane in 3-dimensional space found by Werner Boy in 1901. He discovered it on assignment from David Hilbert to prove that the projective plane could not be immersed in 3-space.
Boy's surface was first parametrized explicitly by Bernard Morin in 1978. A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radius%20of%20convergence | In mathematics, the radius of convergence of a power series is the radius of the largest disk at the center of the series in which the series converges. It is either a non-negative real number or . When it is positive, the power series converges absolutely and uniformly on compact sets inside the open disk of radius ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20function | In mathematics, an analytic function is a function that is locally given by a convergent power series. There exist both real analytic functions and complex analytic functions. Functions of each type are infinitely differentiable, but complex analytic functions exhibit properties that do not generally hold for real anal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute%20convergence | In mathematics, an infinite series of numbers is said to converge absolutely (or to be absolutely convergent) if the sum of the absolute values of the summands is finite. More precisely, a real or complex series is said to converge absolutely if for some real number Similarly, an improper integral of a function, i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral | In mathematics, a spiral is a curve which emanates from a point, moving farther away as it revolves around the point. It is a subtype of whorled patterns, a broad group that also includes concentric objects.
Helices
Two major definitions of "spiral" in the American Heritage Dictionary are:
a curve on a plane that ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Milnor | John Willard Milnor (born February 20, 1931) is an American mathematician known for his work in differential topology, algebraic K-theory and low-dimensional holomorphic dynamical systems. Milnor is a distinguished professor at Stony Brook University and one of the five mathematicians to have won the Fields Medal, the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venn%20diagram | A Venn diagram is a widely used diagram style that shows the logical relation between sets, popularized by John Venn (1834–1923) in the 1880s. The diagrams are used to teach elementary set theory, and to illustrate simple set relationships in probability, logic, statistics, linguistics and computer science. A Venn diag... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inner%20automorphism | In abstract algebra an inner automorphism is an automorphism of a group, ring, or algebra given by the conjugation action of a fixed element, called the conjugating element. They can be realized via simple operations from within the group itself, hence the adjective "inner". These inner automorphisms form a subgroup of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genus%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, genus (: genera) has a few different, but closely related, meanings. Intuitively, the genus is the number of "holes" of a surface. A sphere has genus 0, while a torus has genus 1.
Topology
Orientable surfaces
The genus of a connected, orientable surface is an integer representing the maximum number o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs.%20Miniver%27s%20problem | Mrs. Miniver's problem is a geometry problem about the area of circles. It asks how to place two circles and of given radii in such a way that the lens formed by intersecting their two interiors has equal area to the symmetric difference of and (the area contained in one but not both circles). It was named for an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division | Division or divider may refer to:
Mathematics
Division (mathematics), the inverse of multiplication
Division algorithm, a method for computing the result of mathematical division
Military
Division (military), a formation typically consisting of 10,000 to 25,000 troops
Divizion, a subunit in some militaries
Division (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan%27s%20conjecture | Catalan's conjecture (or Mihăilescu's theorem) is a theorem in number theory that was conjectured by the mathematician Eugène Charles Catalan in 1844 and proven in 2002 by Preda Mihăilescu at Paderborn University. The integers 23 and 32 are two perfect powers (that is, powers of exponent higher than one) of natural nu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20B.%20S.%20Haldane | John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (; 5 November 18921 December 1964), nicknamed "Jack" or "JBS", was a British-Indian scientist who worked in physiology, genetics, evolutionary biology, and mathematics. With innovative use of statistics in biology, he was one of the founders of neo-Darwinism. He served in the Great War, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Displacement | Displacement may refer to:
Physical sciences
Mathematics and physics
Displacement (geometry), is the difference between the final and initial position of a point trajectory (for instance, the center of mass of a moving object). The actual path covered to reach the final position is irrelevant.
Particle displacement, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20field | In vector calculus and physics, a vector field is an assignment of a vector to each point in a space, most commonly Euclidean space . A vector field on a plane can be visualized as a collection of arrows with given magnitudes and directions, each attached to a point on the plane. Vector fields are often used to model,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-abelian%20category | In mathematics, specifically in category theory, a pre-abelian category is an additive category that has all kernels and cokernels.
Spelled out in more detail, this means that a category C is pre-abelian if:
C is preadditive, that is enriched over the monoidal category of abelian groups (equivalently, all hom-sets in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20category | In mathematics, a complete category is a category in which all small limits exist. That is, a category C is complete if every diagram F : J → C (where J is small) has a limit in C. Dually, a cocomplete category is one in which all small colimits exist. A bicomplete category is a category which is both complete and coco... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slugging%20percentage | In baseball statistics, slugging percentage (SLG) is a measure of the batting productivity of a hitter. It is calculated as total bases divided by at-bats, through the following formula, where AB is the number of at-bats for a given player, and 1B, 2B, 3B, and HR are the number of singles, doubles, triples, and home ru... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norbert%20Wiener | Norbert Wiener (November 26, 1894 – March 18, 1964) was an American mathematician, computer scientist and philosopher. He became a professor of mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A child prodigy, Wiener later became an early researcher in stochastic and mathematical noise processes, contrib... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SGP | SGP may refer to:
Events
Secret Garden Party, a UK music festival
Speedway Grand Prix, a series of motorcycling contests
Symposium on Geometry Processing, of European Association For Computer Graphics
Organisations
Businesses
Simmering-Graz-Pauker, an Austrian machine/vehicle manufacturer
Stockland Corporation ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palermo%20Technical%20Impact%20Hazard%20Scale | The Palermo Technical Impact Hazard Scale is a logarithmic scale used by astronomers to rate the potential hazard of impact of a near-Earth object (NEO). It combines two types of data—probability of impact and estimated kinetic yield—into a single "hazard" value. A rating of 0 means the hazard is equivalent to the back... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20pendulum | In physics and mathematics, in the area of dynamical systems, a double pendulum also known as a chaos pendulum is a pendulum with another pendulum attached to its end, forming a simple physical system that exhibits rich dynamic behavior with a strong sensitivity to initial conditions. The motion of a double pendulum is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moir%C3%A9%20pattern | In mathematics, physics, and art, moiré patterns ( , , ) or moiré fringes are large-scale interference patterns that can be produced when a partially opaque ruled pattern with transparent gaps is overlaid on another similar pattern. For the moiré interference pattern to appear, the two patterns must not be completely ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%21%20%28disambiguation%29 | ! is a punctuation mark, called an exclamation mark (33 in ASCII), exclamation point, ecphoneme, or bang.
! or exclamation point may also refer to:
Mathematics and computers
Factorial, a mathematical function
Derangement, a related mathematical function
Negation, in logic and some programming languages
Uniqueness qu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage | In mathematics, a percentage () is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100. It is often denoted using the percent sign (%), although the abbreviations pct., pct, and sometimes pc are also used. A percentage is a dimensionless number (pure number), primarily used for expressing proportions, but percent is nonet... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Morgan%27s%20laws | In propositional logic and Boolean algebra, De Morgan's laws, also known as De Morgan's theorem, are a pair of transformation rules that are both valid rules of inference. They are named after Augustus De Morgan, a 19th-century British mathematician. The rules allow the expression of conjunctions and disjunctions purel... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelian | Abelian may refer to:
Mathematics
Group theory
Abelian group, a group in which the binary operation is commutative
Category of abelian groups (Ab), has abelian groups as objects and group homomorphisms as morphisms
Metabelian group, a group where the commutator subgroup is abelian
Abelianisation
Topology and num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persi%20Diaconis | Persi Warren Diaconis (; born January 31, 1945) is an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician. He is the Mary V. Sunseri Professor of Statistics and Mathematics at Stanford University.
He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving randomness and randomization, s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomb%27s%20paradox | In philosophy and mathematics, Newcomb's paradox, also known as Newcomb's problem, is a thought experiment involving a game between two players, one of whom is able to predict the future.
Newcomb's paradox was created by William Newcomb of the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. However, it was f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Roubaud | Jacques Roubaud (; born 5 December 1932 in Caluire-et-Cuire, Rhône) is a French poet, writer and mathematician.
Life and career
Jacques Roubaud taught Mathematics at University of Paris X Nanterre and Poetry at EHESS. A member of the Oulipo group, he has published poetry, plays, novels, and translated English poetry a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root%20mean%20square | In mathematics and its applications, the root mean square of a set of numbers (abbreviated as RMS, or rms and denoted in formulas as either or ) is defined as the square root of the mean square (the arithmetic mean of the squares) of the set.
The RMS is also known as the quadratic mean (denoted ) and is a particular... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%20van%20Schooten | Frans van Schooten Jr. also rendered as Franciscus van Schooten (15 May 1615, Leiden – 29 May 1660, Leiden) was a Dutch mathematician who is most known for popularizing the analytic geometry of René Descartes.
Life
Van Schooten's father, was a professor of mathematics at the University of Leiden, having Christiaan Hu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemisphere | Hemisphere may refer to:
In geometry
Hemisphere (geometry), a half of a sphere
As half of the Earth
A hemisphere of Earth
Northern Hemisphere
Southern Hemisphere
Eastern Hemisphere
Western Hemisphere
Land and water hemispheres
A half of the (geocentric) celestial sphere
Northern celestial hemisphere
Souther... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography%20of%20Anguilla | Anguilla is an island in the Leeward Islands. It has numerous bays, including Barnes, Little, Rendezvous, Shoal, and Road Bays.
Statistics
Location: Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, east of Puerto Rico
Geographic coordinates: 18°15′ N, 63°10′ W
Map references: Central America and the Caribbean
Area:
total... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolmogorov%20space | In topology and related branches of mathematics, a topological space X is a T0 space or Kolmogorov space (named after Andrey Kolmogorov) if for every pair of distinct points of X, at least one of them has a neighborhood not containing the other. In a T0 space, all points are topologically distinguishable.
This conditi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Shor | Peter Williston Shor (born August 14, 1959) is an American professor of applied mathematics at MIT. He is known for his work on quantum computation, in particular for devising Shor's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for factoring exponentially faster than the best currently-known algorithm running on a classical computer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singleton | Singleton may refer to:
Sciences, technology
Mathematics
Singleton (mathematics), a set with exactly one element
Singleton field, used in conformal field theory
Computing
Singleton pattern, a design pattern that allows only one instance of a class to exist
Singleton bound, used in coding theory
Singleton varia... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudometric%20space | In mathematics, a pseudometric space is a generalization of a metric space in which the distance between two distinct points can be zero. Pseudometric spaces were introduced by Đuro Kurepa in 1934. In the same way as every normed space is a metric space, every seminormed space is a pseudometric space. Because of this a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union | Union commonly refers to:
Trade union, an organization of workers
Union (set theory), in mathematics, a fundamental operation on sets
Union may also refer to:
Arts and entertainment
Music
Union (band), an American rock group
Union (Union album), 1998
Union (Chara album), 2007
Union (Toni Childs album), 1988... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Bolivia | The demographic characteristics of the population of Bolivia are known from censuses, with the first census undertaken in 1826 and the most recent in 2012. The National Institute of Statistics of Bolivia (INE) has performed this task since 1950. The population of Bolivia in 2012 reached 10 million for the first time in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s%20theorem | In number theory, Euler's theorem (also known as the Fermat–Euler theorem or Euler's totient theorem) states that, if and are coprime positive integers, and is Euler's totient function, then raised to the power is congruent to modulo ; that is
In 1736, Leonhard Euler published a proof of Fermat's little theorem ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20the%20Gambia | The demographic characteristics of the population of The Gambia are known through national censuses, conducted in ten-year intervals and analyzed by The Gambian Bureau of Statistics (GBOS) since 1963. The latest census was conducted in 2013. The population of The Gambia at the 2013 census was 1.8 million. The populatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectangle | In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles. It can also be defined as: an equiangular quadrilateral, since equiangular means that all of its angles are equal (360°/4 = 90°); or a parallelogram containing a right angle. A rectangle with four sides of equal length is a square. The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domenico%20Maria%20Novara%20da%20Ferrara | Domenico Maria Novara (1454–1504) was an Italian scientist.
Life
Born in Ferrara, for 21 years he was professor of astronomy at the University of Bologna, and in 1500 he also lectured in mathematics at Rome. He was notable as a Platonist astronomer, and in 1496 he taught Nicolaus Copernicus astronomy. He was also an a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/100-year%20flood | A 100-year flood is a flood event that has on average a 1 in 100 chance (1% probability) of being equaled or exceeded in any given year.
The 100-year flood is also referred to as the 1% flood. For coastal or lake flooding, the 100-year flood is generally expressed as a flood elevation or depth, and may include wave ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureau%20of%20Labor%20Statistics | The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) is a unit of the United States Department of Labor. It is the principal fact-finding agency for the U.S. government in the broad field of labor economics and statistics and serves as a principal agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System. The BLS collects, processes, analyzes, an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrust%20fault | A thrust fault is a break in the Earth's crust, across which older rocks are pushed above younger rocks.
Thrust geometry and nomenclature
Reverse faults
A thrust fault is a type of reverse fault that has a dip of 45 degrees or less.
If the angle of the fault plane is lower (often less than 15 degrees from the horizo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary%20%28topology%29 | In topology and mathematics in general, the boundary of a subset of a topological space is the set of points in the closure of not belonging to the interior of . An element of the boundary of is called a boundary point of . The term boundary operation refers to finding or taking the boundary of a set. Notations us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy%27s%20integral%20formula | In mathematics, Cauchy's integral formula, named after Augustin-Louis Cauchy, is a central statement in complex analysis. It expresses the fact that a holomorphic function defined on a disk is completely determined by its values on the boundary of the disk, and it provides integral formulas for all derivatives of a hol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A6rum | {{Historical populations
|footnote = Source: Statistics Norway.
|shading = off
|1951|35838
|1961|57573
|1971|76580
|1981|80385
|1991|9... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residue%20%28complex%20analysis%29 | In mathematics, more specifically complex analysis, the residue is a complex number proportional to the contour integral of a meromorphic function along a path enclosing one of its singularities. (More generally, residues can be calculated for any function that is holomorphic except at the discrete points {ak}k, even ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthday%20problem | In probability theory, the birthday problem asks for the probability that, in a set of randomly chosen people, at least two will share a birthday. The birthday paradox refers to the counterintuitive fact that only 23 people are needed for that probability to exceed 50%.
The birthday paradox is a veridical paradox: it... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics%20of%20Cuba | The demographic characteristics of Cuba are known through census which have been conducted and analyzed by different bureaus since 1774. The National Office of Statistics of Cuba (ONE) since 1953. The most recent census was conducted in September 2012. The population of Cuba at the 2012 census was 12 million. The popul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyapunov%20fractal | In mathematics, Lyapunov fractals (also known as Markus–Lyapunov fractals) are bifurcational fractals derived from an extension of the logistic map in which the degree of the growth of the population, r, periodically switches between two values A and B.
A Lyapunov fractal is constructed by mapping the regions of stabi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve%20of%20Eratosthenes | In mathematics, the sieve of Eratosthenes is an ancient algorithm for finding all prime numbers up to any given limit.
It does so by iteratively marking as composite (i.e., not prime) the multiples of each prime, starting with the first prime number, 2. The multiples of a given prime are generated as a sequence of num... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emil%20Julius%20Gumbel | Emil Julius Gumbel (18 July 1891, in Munich – 10 September 1966, in New York City) was a German mathematician and political writer.
Gumbel specialised in mathematical statistics and, along with Leonard Tippett and Ronald Fisher, was instrumental in the development of extreme value theory, which has practical applicati... |
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